1
|
Sharma P, Kishore A, De I, Negi S, Kumar G, Bhardwaj S, Singh M. Mitigating neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease: Exploring the role of proinflammatory cytokines and the potential of phytochemicals as natural therapeutics. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105604. [PMID: 37683836 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neuroinflammatory illnesses, characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in the brain. Proinflammatory cytokines play a key role in initiating and perpetuating neuroinflammation, which can lead to the activation of glial cells and the deregulation of inflammatory pathways, ultimately leading to permanent brain damage. Currently, available drugs for PD mostly alleviate symptoms but do not target underlying inflammatory processes. There is a growing interest in exploring the potential of phytochemicals to mitigate neuroinflammation. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol, apigenin, catechin, anthocyanins, amentoflavone, quercetin, berberine, and genistein have been studied for their ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce proinflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. These plant-derived compounds offer a natural and potentially safe alternative to conventional drugs for managing neuroinflammation in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, further research is necessary to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action and clinical effectiveness. So, this review delves into the pathophysiology of PD and its intricate relationship with proinflammatory cytokines, and explores how their insidious contributions fuel the disease's initiation and progression via cytokine-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, we tried to give an account of PD management using existing drugs along with their limitations. Furthermore, our aim is to provide a thorough overview of the diverse groups of phytochemicals, their plentiful sources, and the current understanding of their anti-neuroinflammatory properties. Through this exploration, we posit the innovative idea that consuming nutrient-rich phytochemicals could be an effective approach to preventing and treating PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sharma
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Abhinoy Kishore
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Indranil De
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Swarnima Negi
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Bhardwaj
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Evaluation of Dermal Toxicity and Wound Healing Activity of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:5268613. [PMID: 35656163 PMCID: PMC9152407 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5268613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnestisferruginea is a tropical plant, which is traditionally used in the treatment and management of various conditions including skin infections and wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the dermal toxicity and wound healing potential of C. ferruginea. Ten millimeter full-thickness mucosal wounds were created on the dorsal midportion of the Sprague Dawley rats. Wounds were treated with 10, 5, and 2.5% w/w aqueous creams, prepared from the methanol extract of the root bark of C. ferruginea (CFM). The wound tissues were harvested on day 21 for histology studies. Compared with the untreated group, 10, 5, and 2.5% w/w CFM-treated wounds significantly reduced the wound size over the study period (
). Tissue histology revealed a healed wound with well-regenerated collagen and skin appendages with no pus cells. A skin irritation test was conducted on CFM, as well as the dermal toxicity of CFM was determined in the repeated dose and acute dermal toxicity bioassays. These tests revealed that CFM showed no toxic effect on the skin and showed that CFM was not a skin irritant. C. ferruginea exhibited wound healing activity, which gives credence to its folkloric use.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nunes Alves Paim LF, Dos Santos PR, Patrocinio Toledo CA, Minello L, Lima da Paz JR, Castro Souza V, Salvador M, Moura S. Four almost unexplored species of Brazilian Connarus (Connaraceae): Chemical composition by ESI-QTof-MS/MS-GNPS and a pharmacologic potential. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022; 33:286-302. [PMID: 34510611 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Species of Connaraceae are globally used in traditional medicines. However, several of these have not been studied regarding their chemical composition, and some are even at risk of extinction without proper studies. Therefore, the chemical composition and pharmacological potential of Connarus blanchetii Planch., Connarus nodosus Baker, Connarus regnellii G. Schellenb., and Connarus suberosus Planch., which were previously unknown, were analyzed. OBJECTIVE This work aims to investigate the pharmacological potential of these four Connarus species. The chemical composition of different extracts was determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with subsequent analysis by the GNPS platform and competitive fragmentation modeling (CFM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf extracts (C. blanchetii, C. nodosus, C. regnellii, and C. suberosus) and bark extracts (C. regnellii and C. suberosus) were obtained by decoction, infusion, and maceration. LC/HRMS data were submitted to the GNPS platform and evaluated using CFM in order to confirm the structures. RESULTS The HRMS-GNPS/CFM analysis indicated the presence of 23 compounds that were mainly identified as phenolic derivatives from quercetin and myricetin, of which 21 are unedited in the Connarus genus. Thus, from the analyses performed, we can identify different compounds with pharmacological potential, as well as the most suitable forms of extraction. CONCLUSION Using HRMS-GNPS/CFM, 21 unpublished compounds were identified in the studied species. Therefore, our combination of data analysis techniques can be used to determine their chemical composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Roberto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Minello
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Vinicius Castro Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"-ESALQ, University of São Paulo-USP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ishola IO, Akinleye MO, Afolayan OO, Okonkwo HE, Animashaun OT, Agbaje EO. Anticonvulsant Activity of Nymphaea Lotus Linn. Extract in Mice: the Role of GABAergic-glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Epilepsy Res 2022; 181:106871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
5
|
Ojo ES, Ishola IO, Afolayan O, James AB, Ben-Azu B, Adeyemi OO. Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) downregulates expression of immediate early genes in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:191-200. [PMID: 34881530 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the influence of Cnestis ferruginea (CF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced immediate early genes (IEGs) associated with hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice. METHODS Animals were randomly divided into preventive treatment; vehicle (10 mL/kg, p.o.) or CF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) for three consecutive days before KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 4 and 5. In the reversal model, KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on days 1 and 2 before CF (400 mg/kg) administration on days 3-5. Animals were euthanized on day 5, 6 h after KA exposure in preventive model and 1 h after CF administration in reversal model to estimate markers of IEGs. RESULTS KA upregulated the expression of c-Fos protein by 3.32-, 9.45-, 8.13-, and 8.66-fold in the hippocampal CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG regions, respectively. Also, KA elevated inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression by 10.9-, 10.6-, 9.78-, and 9.51-fold. Besides, mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and heat shock protein was increased by 2.38- and 1.39-fold, respectively, after exposure to KA which were attenuated by CF. CONCLUSIONS CF attenuated KA-induced IEGs and could be used as an adjunct in TLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel S Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde B James
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Neuropharmacology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ankomah AD, Boakye YD, Agana TA, Adu F, Agyare C. Antimicrobial properties of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08266. [PMID: 34765783 PMCID: PMC8571702 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific research into developing new antimicrobials from plants continues to be an interesting area for many scientists. This is because the resistance of microorganisms to anti-infective agents has affected a wide range of conditions, some of which are life-threatening. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial properties of Cnestis ferruginea (CF). Powdered roots of Cnestis ferruginea were extracted with petroleum ether (CFP), ethyl acetate (CFE) and methanol (CFM). The antimicrobial and microbial resistance modifying activity profiles of the extracts were studied against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 4853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, clinical strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. CFP and CFE showed no activity against the test organisms. CFM had mean zones of growth inhibition in the range of 11.0 ± 0.5 to 22.17 ± 0.24 mm against the test organisms. The MIC of CFM was within the range of 0.31 and 5.0 mg/mL, with MBC/MFC range of 2.5-20.0 mg/mL. The time-kill kinetics studies showed CFM is a static agent. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, CFM was able to increase the susceptibility of the test organisms to standard antibiotics from the range of 1-8 folds. CFM reduced the formation of biofilms from 100% to 56.59%, 62.33%, 65.89% and 71.88% against K. pneumonia, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The findings of this study show that C. ferruginea possesses antimicrobial activity and therefore gives credence to its folkloric use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akosua Dufie Ankomah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Duah Boakye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresa Appiah Agana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Adu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christian Agyare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wound Management Property of a Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract of Cnestis ferruginea DC. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:6693718. [PMID: 34240058 PMCID: PMC8233097 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6693718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish the wound management property of a hydroethanolic Cnestis ferruginea leaf extract (CFHE). Materials and Methods The wound area was measured after excision at the dorsal part of the Albino rats, and after treatment with 5–15% w/w CFHE ointments for 14 days. Absorbances of platelet-rich plasma treated with 0.8–100 mg/mL CFHE and an aggregating agent were spectrophotometrically determined in an in vitro platelet aggregation test. Wound tissue histopathology of CFHE ointment-treated animals revealed angiogenesis, reepithelialization, deposition of collagen, and granular tissue formation in wound tissues. Reduction in thigh oedema and pain threshold, in 7-day-old chicks, were assessed by carrageenan-induced oedema and Randall-Sellito pressure models, respectively. By the Agar diffusion method, bacterial growth inhibition by a 15% w/w CFHE ointment was investigated on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus. Aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Results All concentrations of CFHE ointment significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) wound area by 29–41% posttreatment. CFHE (1.6–100 mg/ml) promoted platelet aggregation (p ≤ 0.0001) by 37–67% (IC50: 3.1–6.2 mg/ml). There were improved wound tissue reepithelization, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition with 15% CFHE ointment treatment. CFHE ointment significantly (p ≤ 0.0001) and dose-dependently reduced thigh oedema and showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) analgesic effect. In vitro, 15% CFHE ointment caused >100% growth inhibition of selected bacteria. Conclusion The hydroethanolic leaf extract of Cnestis ferruginea possesses wound healing, platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and, hence, could be effective in the management of open and some closed wounds.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang C, Meng Q. Global Research Trends of Herbal Medicine for Pain in Three Decades (1990-2019): A Bibliometric Analysis. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1611-1626. [PMID: 34113168 PMCID: PMC8187106 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s311311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the global research trends of herbal medicine for pain from 1990 to 2019, using bibliometric methods, and explore international collaborations, intellectual structure, the evolution of active topics, emerging trends, and research frontiers. Methods Articles on herbal medicine for pain were retrieved from WoSCC. Two information visualization softwares including CiteSpace and HistCite were used to process bibliographic catalogs. Identification of international collaborations, intellectual structure, the evolution of active topics, emerging trends, and research frontiers were performed based on results from bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 2986 original articles published between 1990 and 2019 were identified based on the inclusion criteria. The number of publications on herbal medicine for pain in WoSCC significantly increased. China ranked highest in the number of scientific outputs; however, articles with the highest citation rates were found to be from the United States. China–Japan reported the most active collaborations, whereas Kyung Hee University from South Korea was the most productive institution. Zhang Y was the most productive author, whereas research by Sherman KJ and Vane JR had the highest influence. Journal of Ethnopharmacology was the most active journal, whereas Integrative and Complementary Medicine was the most active research area. History of herbal medicine for pain research comprises three major phases of activities. The main points of focus of bibliometric analysis of herbal medicine for pain include “knee osteoarthritis”, “cancer”, “low back pain”, etc.. Moreover, research on mechanisms of action of herbal medicine for pain remains at the forefront of this field. Conclusion This paper provides a basis for future development of research on herbal medicine for pain, which may help researchers explore new directions for future research and identify new perspectives on potential collaborations in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chennan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Meng
- System Complexity Research Center of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yücel NT, Osmaniye D, Kandemir Ü, Evren AE, Can ÖD, Demir Özkay Ü. Synthesis and Antinociceptive Effect of Some Thiazole-Piperazine Derivatives: Involvement of Opioidergic System in the Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113350. [PMID: 34199486 PMCID: PMC8199615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to design and synthesize novel molecules carrying both the thiazole and piperazine rings in their structures and to investigate their antinociceptive activity. Targeted compounds were obtained by reacting thiosemicarbazide derivative and appropriate 2-bromoacetophenone in ethanol. The structures of the obtained compounds were determined using data from various spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and LCMSMS). Experimental data from in vivo tests showed that test compounds 3a–3c, 3f, and 3g (50 mg/kg) significantly prolonged reaction times of animals in tail-clip and hot-plate tests compared to the controls, indicating that these compounds possess centrally mediated antinociceptive activities. Furthermore, these compounds reduced the number of writhing behaviors in the acetic acid-induced writhing tests, showing that the compounds also possess peripheral antinociceptive activity. In the mechanistic studies, naloxone pre-treatments abolished the antinociceptive activities of compounds 3a–3c, 3f, and 3g, indicating that opioidergic mechanisms were involved in their antinociceptive effects. Molecular docking studies demonstrating significant interactions between the active compounds and µ- and δ-opioid receptor proteins supported the pharmacological findings. This study is the first showing that molecules designed to bear thiazole and piperazine moieties together on their structure exert centrally and peripherally mediated antinociceptive effects by activating the opioid system.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetophenones/chemistry
- Analgesics/administration & dosage
- Analgesics/chemical synthesis
- Analgesics/chemistry
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Naloxone/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Semicarbazides/chemistry
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; (Ö.D.C.); (Ü.D.Ö.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Derya Osmaniye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey;
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey;
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Vocational School of Health Services, Pharmacy Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey;
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; (Ö.D.C.); (Ü.D.Ö.)
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; (Ö.D.C.); (Ü.D.Ö.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nunes Alves Paim LF, Patrocínio Toledo CA, Lima da Paz JR, Picolotto A, Ballardin G, Souza VC, Salvador M, Moura S. Connaraceae: An updated overview of research and the pharmacological potential of 39 species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:112980. [PMID: 32422354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An interdisciplinary scientific investigation of biologically active agents is fundamental to search for natural substances with therapeutic action. This review collected the most relevant information on traditional knowledge related to the use of plants of the Connaraceae family. This work is the first to compile all the published ethnobotanical, chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological information about this important plant family. AIM OF THE STUDY Our objective was to provide the scientific community with an up-to-date overview of the pharmacological potential of Connaraceae species. MATERIAL AND METHODS We searched NCBI Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), ScienceDirect, SciFinder, and Scopus databases to review the research on ethnobotanical, chemical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies with Connaraceaes. Books that address the theme were also included. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The literature review indicated that 39 species of Connaraceaes have pharmacological potentiality. Ethnobotany reports listed 36 of the 39 species discussed. Pharmacognostical studies have been conducted with 23 species and isolates, and chemical compounds have been identified for only 15 species. At least one study has been published concerning the pharmacological activities for 20 of the 39 species analyzed. For Agelaea pentagyna, Cnestis ferruginea, Connars suberosus, and Rourea minor, pharmacological activity experiments were performed using isolated compounds, which have the highest current pharmacological potential. Studies employing a toxicological approach cover only 10 of the 39 Connaraceaes species. Thus, scientific community should conduct much more research for a broader understanding of this plant family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aline Picolotto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products - University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ballardin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products - University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Castro Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Campinas State University, UNICAMP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, Biotechnology Institute, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetics Products - University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tekulu GH, Desta A, Hiben MG, Araya EM. <p>Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of <em>Hygrophila schulli</em> Leaves</p>. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:497-505. [PMID: 32943902 PMCID: PMC7481272 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s269717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The management of pain and inflammation with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioid analgesics are currently encountering severe adverse reactions. To overcome these problems, herbal remedies may offer new alternative medicines. Hygrophila schulli is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of pain and inflammation-related disorders; yet, these claims are not scientifically validated. Hence, this study was aimed to validate the traditional use of Hygrophila schulli leaves as anti-inflammatory and analgesic remedy. Methods In vitro anti-hyaluronidase assay and in vivo carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema model were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of ethanolic leaf extract of Hygrophila schulli. Tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were performed to determine the central and peripheral analgesic activity of the leaf extract, respectively. Results The ethanolic leaf extract exhibited significant anti-hyaluronidase activity (P<0.001) and significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema (P<0.05) compared to untreated controls. Similarly, the extract significantly prolonged the reaction time of mice (P<0.05) for the hot-water stimuli. Furthermore, an oral dose of the extract showed significant inhibition (P<0.01) of acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions of mice. Besides, the ethanolic leaf extract did not cause any obvious sign of acute toxicity at a single oral dose of 2 g/kg. Conclusion The findings of this study may partially support the acclaimed traditional use of Hygrophila schulli leaves for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu Tel +251 914277916 Email
| | - Abrha Desta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtom Gebrelibanos Hiben
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Karbab A, Mokhnache K, Ouhida S, Charef N, Djabi F, Arrar L, Mubarak MS. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity, and toxicity of Pituranthos scoparius stem extract: An ethnopharmacological study in rat and mouse models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112936. [PMID: 32376367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pituranthos scoparius is a medicinal plant that is used in traditional medicine in Algeria and other North African nations to treat several diseases such as asthma, rheumatism, measles, dermatoses, jaundice, and digestive disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The present investigation was designed to investigate an ethnobotanical survey about Pituranthos scoparius in Setif region, Algeria, and assess the acute toxicity, in vivo anti-inflammatory potential and analgesic effect of Pituranthos scoparius hydromethanolic stem extract (PSSE) in rats and mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute toxicity of PSSE was carried out based on OECD guidelines 425. Both possible death and signs accompanying toxicity of animals were monitored for 14 days to establish the median lethal dose (LD50) of PSSE. Anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was evaluated using the xylene, croton oil-induced ear edema, and carrageenan-induced paw edema, whereas the analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction in mice model. RESULTS Data from the ethnopharmacological survey showed that 24.47% of people used this plant in traditional (folk) medicine. Results also revealed that PSSE contains high amounts of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, and that the extract did not cause any deaths or changes in the behavior of treated animals; LD50 values were found to be higher than 5 g/kg BW. Additionally, no significant variations were observed in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes, or in the levels of urea and creatinine. Oral administration of PSSE at the doses of 100, 300, and 600 mg/kg produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition effect in both xylene and croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. Administration of PSSE at a dose of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.05) exhibited anti-edematogenic effect in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema after 3 h. In acetic acid-induced writhing model, PSSE significantly (P < 0.05) reduced writhing at a dose of 500 mg/kg with 69.92% of inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Taken all together, PSSE is non-toxic, and exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Through the ethnomedicinal study, our findings highlight the medicinal use of PSSE in traditional medicine and as an additional source of natural and safe anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Karbab
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Kamel Mokhnache
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Soraya Ouhida
- Pathologic Anatomy Laboratory CHU, Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Algeria.
| | - Noureddine Charef
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Farida Djabi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry CHU, Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria.
| | - Lekhmici Arrar
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, 19000, Algeria.
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tekulu GH, Hiluf T, Brhanu H, Araya EM, Bitew H, Haile T. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive property of Capparis tomentosa Lam. root extracts. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112654. [PMID: 32035216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Capparis tomentosa Lam. root is one of the commonly used traditional medicines for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions by the Kunama ethnic group of Ethiopia. Yet, its ethnomedicinal claim has not been scientifically investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociception activities of root extracts of Capparis tomentosa Lam. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanolic extracts and solvent fractions was determined using invitro hyaluronidase inhibition assay and in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema in Swiss albino mice model. The anti-nociception effect was determined using the acetic acid-induced writhing model and tail immersion model in Swiss albino mice. RESULTS The root extract of Capparis tomentosa has exhibited significant hyaluronidase inhibition activity which was comparable with the reference drug, indomethacin. Significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema was observed in all the test sample treated mice compared to the negative control with the highest activity observed from butanol fraction which was equivalent to the effect of acetylsalicylic acid. All the root extract and solvent fractions have possessed a significant and dose-dependent abdominal writhing inhibition with the highest effect observed in the aqueous fraction. Additionally, the crude extract was found better in increasing the reaction latency of the mice to the hot water stimulus than the solvent fractions which were significant after 60-120 min compared to the distilled water treated group. The root extract and solvent fractions were also found safe at a single oral dose of 2 mg/g in Swiss albino mice. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study may partially support the folkloric use of Capparis tomentosa root for the treatment of pain and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gebretsadkan Hintsa Tekulu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Teref Hiluf
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Hailu Brhanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Ephrem Mebrahtu Araya
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, P.O. Box 50, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
| | - Helen Bitew
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Tesfay Haile
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ojo ES, Ishola IO, Ben-Azu B, Afolayan OO, James AB, Ajayi AM, Umukoro S, Adeyemi OO. Ameliorative influence of Cnestis ferruginea vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root extract on kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in mice: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112117. [PMID: 31351192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: the root decoction of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various ailments including pain, inflammation and epilepsy. We have earlier reported anticonvulsant effect of Cnestis ferruginea root extract in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY to evaluate the effect of ethanolic root extract of Cnestis ferruginea (CF) on kainic acid (KA)-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in mice as well as the involvement of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS mice were randomly divided into preventive treatment (vehicle (normal saline) or CF (400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 consecutive days before KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) on days 4 and 5. In the reversal model, KA (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on days 1 and 2 before vehicle or CF (400 mg/kg) administration on days 3-5. The effect of treatments on seizure severity was recorded using Racine scale. Animals were euthanized on day 5, 6 h after last KA exposure in preventive model and 1 h after CF administration in reversal model to estimate markers of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. RESULTS exposure of mice to KA induced TLE evidenced in increased severity of seizures which was significantly reduced by the pre- and post-treatment of mice with CF. Moreso, KA-induced malondialdehyde/nitrite generation and GSH deficit in the brain were attenuated by CF treatments. KA-induced up-regulation of inflammatory transcription factors; cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear facor-kappaB (NF-κB) in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus regions were attenuated by CF treatments. CONCLUSION findings from this study showed that Cnestis ferruginea root extract ameliorated KA-induced TLE through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanism and attenuation of neuro-inflammatory transcription factors. Thus, could possibly be a potential phytotherapeutic agent in the management of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel S Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Olasunmbo O Afolayan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde B James
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Falade T, Ishola IO, Akinleye MO, Oladimeji-Salami JA, Adeyemi OO. Antinociceptive and anti-arthritic effects of aqueous whole plant extract of Trianthema portulacastrum in rodents: Possible mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111831. [PMID: 30930256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae) is used in traditional African Medicine for the treatment of various illnesses including dropsy, inflammation and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-arthritic properties of the aqueous whole plant extract of Trianthema portulacastrum (AETP), possible mechanisms of action and characterize some of the active constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. The carrageenan test was used to induce a transient inflammation while arthritis was induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. On completion of CFA-induced arthritis macroscopic observations, the rats were euthanized to isolate the spleen, liver and limbs for estimation of oxidative stress and histological analysis. RESULTS AETP (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg; p.o.) produced significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent inhibition (41.10, 50.40, and 67.10%, respectively) of writhing response elicited by acetic acid. Also, increased pain threshold of supraspinally mediated nociceptive behaviour, with peak maximum possible effect (MPE) obtained at 250 mg/kg (22.98%; 30 min post-treatment). However, the pre-treatment of mice with Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or naloxone reversed AETP-induced antinociception. In another experiment, AETP produced time course inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema with peak effect (50.60%) at 250 mg/kg as well as significant reduction in CFA-induced arthritis by 58.56%, on day 27 and arthritic index (26.84%). Similarly, AETP attenuated CFA-induced MDA generation and deficit in antioxidant enzyme activities. Histological analysis of rat joints revealed a reduction in the synovial hyperplasia and mononuclear infiltration induced by CFA in AETP treated groups. CONCLUSION Findings from this study showed that T. portulacastrum possesses anti-nociceptive action through nitrergic and opioidergic signalling as well as anti-arthritic effect through enhancement of antioxidant defense system and inhibition of release or actions of inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Falade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - M O Akinleye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - J A Oladimeji-Salami
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kouakou K, Panda SK, Yang MR, Lu JG, Jiang ZH, Van Puyvelde L, Luyten W. Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds From Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex. DC (Connaraceae) Leaves Through Bioassay-Guided Fractionation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:705. [PMID: 31031719 PMCID: PMC6470257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different parts of Cnestis ferruginea are used in traditional African medicine for treating infectious diseases such as dysentery, bronchitis, eye troubles, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Despite its long traditional use in the treatment of infections, this plant is not well studied for its in vitro antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the present study aims to establish the antimicrobial activity profile of extracts from this plant, as well as to isolate and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the most abundant bioactive compound in C. ferruginea leaves through bioassay-guided purification, using Staphylococcus aureus as a target organism. Although both methanol and water extracts of the plant leaves proved active against S. aureus, a water extract was pursued, and subjected further to liquid-liquid partitioning (ethyl acetate, butanol, and water). The ethyl acetate fraction was found to be the most potent and was subjected to silica gel chromatography. In total, 250 fractions were obtained, and those with similar TLC profiles were clustered into 22 major groups, of which pooled fraction-F6 (83 mg) was the most potent. Additional purification by HPLC resulted in two active peaks, which were identified, using a combination of NMR and mass spectrometry, as hydroquinone and caffeic acid methyl ester. Their antimicrobial activity was confirmed using a microdilution protocol on S. aureus, where hydroquinone had a stronger activity (MIC50 = 63 μg/mL) compared to caffeic acid methyl ester (>200 μg/mL). Traditionally this plant is used as an aqueous preparation to treat many infections, and the present study also demonstrated antimicrobial activity in the aqueous extract, which appears due mainly to two major water-soluble compounds isolated through bioassay-guided purification. This supports the clinical use of the aqueous extract of C. ferruginea leaves as a phytotherapeutic for bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Kouakou
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Ming-Rong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Luc Van Puyvelde
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sreeja PS, Arunachalam K, Martins DTDO, Lima JCDS, Balogun SO, Pavan E, Saikumar S, Dhivya S, Kasipandi M, Parimelazhagan T. Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir.: Chemical characterization, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract of leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:71-80. [PMID: 29960023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sphenodesme involucrata var. paniculata (C. B. Clarke) Munir is native as well as endemic to South India. Its leaves are used in folklore medicine to treat pain and rheumatism. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to investigate the chemical characterization, anti-nociceptive and mode of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol extract of S. involucrata leaves (MESi). METHODS Phytoconstituents of MESi was analyzed using colorimetric and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, and the oral acute toxicity was evaluated in mice up to 2000 mg/kg. The anti-nociceptive effect was evaluated in hot plate and writhing tests; whereas the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan, cotton pellet and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis models at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Additionally nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines levels were also evaluated. RESULTS MESi exhibited the high content of phenolics and flavonoids as well as compounds like austricine, benzylglucosinolate, gossypin, justicidin B and cirsimarin were detected in LC-MS. In the acute toxicity study, oral administration of MESi did not cause any toxic effect and mortality up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in mice. In the anti-nociceptive tests, MESi augmented the latency period at higher dose (400 mg/kg), on the other hand attenuated writhings at the dose of 400 mg/kg by 87.87% (p < 0.001). In the carrageenan induced paw oedema MESi significantly inhibited the oedema formation at dose 400 mg/kg by 32.1%; besides, anti-inflammatory effect was registered in the cotton pellets-induced inflammation model at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg by 27.09% (p < 0.001) and 35.47% (p < 0.001) respectively. On the other hand, MESi appreciably reduced leukocyte, neutrophils infiltration, nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β levels and increased the IL-10 level in the (LPS)-induced peritonitis model. CONCLUSION The results conclude that MESi has no acute toxic effect and it demonstrated potent anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. Its anti-nociceptive activities are probably mediated through peripheral and central mechanisms. The anti-inflammatory effect of MESi involved the inhibition of neutrophils migration and the modulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, besides the attenuation of production of PGE2 and NO. LC-MS analysis revealed the predominant presence of the austricine, benzylglucosinolate, gossypin, justicidin B and cirsimarin compounds, which are possibly involved in the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of MESi. The current study provided supportive evidence for the folklore use of S. involucrata in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karuppusamy Arunachalam
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Joaquim Corsino da Silva Lima
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil; Faculdade Noroeste do Mato Grosso, Acadêmia Juinense de Ensino Superior LTDA-ME (AJES), Juína, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Pavan
- Área de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Sathyanarayanan Saikumar
- Bioprospecting Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University (BU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraj Dhivya
- Bioprospecting Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University (BU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muniyandi Kasipandi
- Bioprospecting Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University (BU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangaraj Parimelazhagan
- Bioprospecting Lab, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University (BU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Adeyemi OO, Ishola IO, Adesanya ET, Alohan DO. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:173-184. [PMID: 30332392 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) is used in traditional African Medicine for the treatment of headache, abdominal pain, and rheumatism. Hence, this study sought to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of T. alnifolia (HeTA) in rodents. Methods Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-/capsaicin-induced paw licking and hot plate tests in mice. The contribution of opioidergic, l-arginine-nitric oxide, and ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathways in HeTA-induced antinociception was also evaluated. The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema, xylene ear edema, cotton pellet granuloma, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Results HeTA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) produced significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean number of acetic acid-induced writhing, time spent licking paw in formalin, and capsaicin tests as well as time course increase in nociceptive reaction latency in hot plate test. HeTA-induced antinociception was prevented by pretreatment of mice with naloxone (non-selective opioid receptor antagonist), l-arginine (nitric oxide precursor), or glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker). HeTA (100 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a significant anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (1-5 h), xylene-induced ear edema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation, and CFA-induced arthritis in rats. The effects of HeTA in various models were similar to the effect of the standard reference drugs. Conclusions Findings from this study showed that HeTA possesses antinociceptive effect possibly mediated through peripheral opioid receptors with activation of l-arginine-nitric oxide and ATP-sensitive potassium channel pathway as well as anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, Phone: +2348034459618
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth T Adesanya
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Destiny O Alohan
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ficus hispida Bark Extract Prevents Nociception, Inflammation, and CNS Stimulation in Experimental Animal Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7390359. [PMID: 28491111 PMCID: PMC5405571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7390359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background. Ficus hispida is traditionally used in the ailment of pain, inflammation, and neurological disorders. The present study set out to evaluate the in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative activity of the ethanol extract of Ficus hispida bark (EFHB). Methods. The antinociceptive activity of EFHB was evaluated by using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion methods in Swiss albino mice. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using carrageenan and histamine induced rat paw oedema test in Wister rats. The central stimulating activity was studied by using pentobarbital induced hypnosis, hole cross, and open field tests in Swiss albino mice. Results. EFHB demonstrated antinociceptive activity both centrally and peripherally. It showed 62.24% of writhing inhibition. It significantly inhibited licking responses in early (59.29%) and late phase (71.61%). It increased the reaction time to the thermal stimulus in both hot plate and tail immersion. It inhibited the inflammation to the extent of 59.49%. A substantial increase in duration of sleep up to 60.80 min and decrease of locomotion up to 21.70 at 400 mg/kg were also observed. Conclusion. We found significant dose dependent antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties of EFHB in experimental animal models.
Collapse
|
20
|
Ogbiti VM, Akindele AJ, Adeyemi OO. Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antipyretic Activities of Hydroethanolic Stem Bark Extract ofAlbizia glaberrima. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2016.1260670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Modupe Ogbiti
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi James Akindele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo Olaide Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li X, Li X, Zhou B, Man S, Gao W, Jing S. Study on the Bioactive Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant and in vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities of Extracts from the Fruits of Ziziphus Jujuba Mill. cv. Jinsixiaozao Hort. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| | - Shuli Man
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology
| | - Songsong Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ishola IO, Awodele O, Olusayero AM, Ochieng CO. Mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) fruit extract in rodents. J Med Food 2015; 17:1375-82. [PMID: 25133801 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unripe fruit of Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae) (soursop) is used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of neuralgia, rheumatism, and arthritic pain. This study sought to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of lyophilized fruit extract of Annona muricata (AM) in rodents. The analgesic activity was evaluated using the mouse writhing, formalin, and hot-plate tests while the anti-inflammatory action was investigated using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema tests. Pretreatment with AM (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) produced dose-dependent (P<.001) inhibition of writhes and formalin-induced pain in the late phase. AM and morphine produced time-course increase in pain threshold in hot-plate test. However, the analgesic effect elicited by AM was reversed (P<.05) by naloxone pretreatment. Similarly, the time-dependent increase in paw circumference induced by carrageenan was inhibited by AM treatment with peak effect (0.23±0.10 cm; P<.001, 200 mg/kg; 6 h), which was comparatively similar to that of diclofenac treated. Further, the xylene-induced ear edema was significantly reduced by AM (50 or 100 mg/kg) pretreatment; however, the anti-inflammatory effect elicited by AM was prevented by pretreatment of mice with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (20 mg/kg, i.p., nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor) 15 min before AM (200 mg/kg, p.o.). The in vitro cyclooxygenase assay also showed that AM produced concentration-dependent inhibition of both cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activity by 39.44%±0.05% and 55.71%±0.12%, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. In conclusion, A. muricata possesses analgesic effect through interaction with opioidergic pathway and anti-inflammatory property through inhibition of chemical mediators of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Idi-Araba Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bokhari J, Khan MR, Haq IU. Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential of Boerhavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1456-1466. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233714567183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Boerhavia procumbens is traditionally used in the treatment of various disorders including jaundice and gonorrhea, is a refrigerant, and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical classes, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extract (BPME) and different fractions ( n-hexane (BPHE), ethyl acetate (BPEE), n-butanol (BPBE), and residual aqueous fraction (BPAE)) of B. procumbens against carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. To assess the anti-inflammatory effects of B. procumbens, 42 Sprague Dawley male rats (150–200 g) were randomly divided into seven groups. Group I received distilled water and group II was treated with diclofenac potassium (10 mg/kg) body weight (bw) orally. Groups III, IV, V, VI, and VII were administered BPME, BPHE, BPEE, BPBE, and BPAE (200 mg/kg bw) orally, 1 h before the treatment with carrageenan (10 mg/kg bw) in rats. Anti-inflammatory effects of B. procumbens were determined by estimating the inhibition of edema at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hour after carrageenan injection. Qualitative analysis of methanol extract indicated the composition of diverse classes, namely, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinones. Quantitative determination illustrated that BPBE and BPEE possessed the highest concentration of total phenolic (60.45 ± 2.1 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram sample) and total flavonoid content (68.05 ± 2.3 mg rutin equivalent per gram sample), respectively. A dose-dependent response for antioxidant activity was exhibited by all the samples. The sample with the highest aptitude for antioxidant activity was the BPBE for 2,2-azobis,3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity. Carrageenan-induced paw edema was significantly ( p < 0.05) inhibited by BPBE and BPME at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hour and was comparable to control drug diclofenac potassium. Results revealed that various fractions of B. procumbens manifested the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and accredit the local use of B. procumbens in various disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasia Bokhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ishola IO, Agbaje EO, Adeyemi OO, Shukla R. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol root extracts of some selected Nigerian medicinal plants. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:1208-1216. [PMID: 24697560 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.880487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The roots of Alafia barteri Oliver (Apocynaceae), Combretum mucronatum Schumach (Combretaceae) and Capparis thonningii Schum (Capparaceae) are used in Traditional African Medicine to alleviate painful and inflammatory conditions. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol root extracts of Alafia barteri (MeAB), C. mucronatum (MeCM), and Capparis thonningii (MeCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Analgesic activity of the extracts (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, p.o. 1 h) was evaluated using acetic acid-, formalin- and hot plate-induced pain while anti-inflammatory actions (100 or 200 mg/kg) were investigated using the carrageenan- and xylene-induced edema tests. RESULTS MeAB, MeCM, and MeCT (200 mg/kg) inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction by 55.07, 46.67, and 47.25%, respectively. In the formalin test, the index of pain inhibition of early and late phases was, respectively, 47.83 and 81.98% for MeAB, 56.10 and 63.81% for MeCM, and 42.84 and 63.29% for MeCT (200 mg/kg). MeAB and MeCT pretreatments significantly increased the reaction time by 46.67 and 25.53%, respectively, 120 min post-treatment in the hot-plate test. Naloxone (5 mg/kg, s.c.) pretreatment 15 min before extract administration, significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the analgesic effect of MeAB and MeCT in the formalin test. MeAB, MeCM, and MeCT showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with 60.44 and 30.39%, 63.74 and 58.08%, and 50.55 and 77.84% (200 mg/kg, 4 h), respectively, inhibition of paw and ear edema. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of MeAB and MeCT involve an interaction with opioid pathway and/or inhibition of chemical mediators of pain and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos , Lagos , Nigeria and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tian Y, Teng LR, Song JJ, Meng QF, Lu JH, Zhang WW, Wei K, Wang N, Wang D, Teng LS. Studies on the analgesic activities of Jia-Yuan-Qing pill and its safety evaluation in mice. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1245-1253. [PMID: 24677096 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The analgesic activity of Porcellio laevis Latreille, Rhizoma Corydalis, and Radix Cynanchi Paniculati have been reported in recent years. A new formula named Jia-Yuan-Qing pill (JYQP) is therefore created by combining the three herbs at 9:7:7 ratio according to traditional Chinese theories. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of JYQP as a novel painkiller in various models. Acute toxicity test was applied to evaluate the safety of JYQP. Acetic-acid-induced writhing, hot plate test, formalin test, and naloxone-pretreated writhing test were employed to elaborate the analgesic activity of JYQP and its possible mechanism. A bone cancer pain mouse model was performed to further assess the effect of JYQP in relieving cancer pain. Test on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms was conduct to examine the physical dependence of mice on JYQP. Data revealed that JYQP reduced writhing and stretching induced by acetic acid; however, this effect could not be blocked by naloxone. JYQP specifically suppressed the phase II reaction time in formalin-treated mice; meanwhile, no analgesic effect of JYQP in hot plate test was observed, indicating that JYQP exerts analgesic activity against inflammatory pain rather than neurogenic pain. Furthermore, JYQP could successfully relieve bone cancer pain in mice. No physical dependence could be observed upon long-term administration in mice. Collectively, our present results provide experimental evidence in supporting clinical use of JYQP as an effective and safe agent for pain treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Avenue, Changchun City, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sofidiya MO, Imeh E, Ezeani C, Aigbe FR, Akindele AJ. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Alafia barteri. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
27
|
Xu Q, Wang Y, Guo S, Shen Z, Wang Y, Yang L. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Flos populi. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:540-545. [PMID: 24508857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Flos populi is an important traditional Chinese medicine prepared from the male inflorescence of Populus tomentosa Carr. or Populus canadensis Moench (Salicaceae family). Flos populi is mainly used for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases and anti diarrhea in East Asian countries. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the aqueous extract of Flos populi (FPAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cotton pellets-induced granuloma, carrageenan-induced paw oedema, arachidonic acid-induced right ear oedema and xylene-induced ear oedema were used to assess anti-inflammatory activity of FPAE and analgesic activity was evaluated by hot plate test, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and formalin test. RESULTS FPAE produced significant dose-response anti-inflammatory activity against cotton pellets-induced granuloma. FPAE at dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw. significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema by 48.84% (P<0.05), 54.95% (P<0.05), and 62.05% (P<0.05) at 5h after carrageenan injection, respectively. FPAE significantly (P<0.05) reduced the ear oedema induced by arachidonic acid and peaked at the dose of 200 mg/kg bw. (40.78%). A significant (P<0.05) dose dependent inhibition of xylene-induced oedema was produced by FPAE and peaked at the highest dose of 200 mg/kg bw. (23.95%). FPAE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw.) produced significant dose-response analgesic activity in the hot-plate test. However, the low percentage inhibition (<50%) suggests that it is not a centrally acting analgesic. Extract at dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw., p.o. significantly reduced acetic acid-induced writhing by 39.6% (P<0.05), 45.4% (P<0.05), and 51.8% (P<0.05), respectively. The extract also caused marked dose-dependent inhibition of formalin-induced pain in the second phase (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that the aqueous extract of Flos populi possesses anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. These results may support the fact that this plant is used traditionally to cure inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; Shandong Lvdu Ante Veterinary Drug Industry Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical College Hospital, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Shijin Guo
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; Shandong Lvdu Ante Veterinary Drug Industry Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; Shandong Lvdu Ante Veterinary Drug Industry Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256600, China.
| | - Yanping Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; Shandong Lvdu Ante Veterinary Drug Industry Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China; Shandong Lvdu Ante Veterinary Drug Industry Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256600, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rahmat AA, Dar FA, Choudhary IM. Protection of CCl4-Induced Liver and Kidney Damage by Phenolic Compounds in Leaf Extracts of Cnestis ferruginea (de Candolle). Pharmacognosy Res 2014; 6:19-28. [PMID: 24497738 PMCID: PMC3897004 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.122913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The chemoprevention of chemically-induced hepatotoxicity is a crucial means of minimizing susceptibility to hepatic carcinogenesis and plants remain a rich source of anti-hepatotoxicants with antioxidant properties. Objective: The protective role of defatted-methanol (MECF) and ethyl acetate fractions (EF), obtained from Leaves of Cnestis ferruginea in rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity was investigated. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were orally administered MECF or EF (125 – 500 mg/kg bwt/5mL) or silymarin (25 mg/kg bwt/5 mL) separately for three days before intervention with an intraperitoneal dose of CCl4. Biomarkers of liver and kidney toxicity as well as Ca2+ regulation were evaluated. Results: Pre-treatment with MECF and EF significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the activities of serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, levels of urea, creatinine and cholesterol. A significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced Ca2+ -ATPase activity and lowered levels of membrane cholesterol: Phospholipid ratio were observed in liver microsomes of pre-treated as compared to CCl4 -only treated rats. Rat liver superoxide dismutase activity was enhanced by 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg of EF and MECF, while decreases were observed at 500 mg/kg. MECF and EF, like silymarin, attenuated CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity, microsomal membrane Ca2+ -ATPase inactivation and renal dysfunction. Phytochemistry of MECF revealed the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac and flavone glycosides, tannins and trihydroxyl phenol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the mechanism of hepatoprotection elicited by MECF and EF, involve its antioxidative properties and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adisa A Rahmat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Farooq Ahsana Dar
- Pharmacology Unit, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal M Choudhary
- Pharmacology Unit, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo J, Pan W, Qian D, Duan JA, Shang E, Tang Y. Analgesic activity of DaChuanXiongFang after intranasal administration and its potential active components in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:649-654. [PMID: 24076473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE DaChuanXiongFang was a well-known formula originated from Jin Dynasty, China. It has been used in both China and Japan to treat migraine. In the present study, the analgesic and sedative efficacy of DaChuanXiongFang ethanol extract (DCXFEE) after intranasal administration was tested and compared with that by intragastric route. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three mice experimental models: acetic acid-induced writhing response test, hot-plate latent pain response test and pentobarbital-induced sleep model were used to evaluate DCXFEE activity. To further explore the in vivo potential active components of DCXFEE that contribute to the difference of activity induced by different administration route, ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) was utilized to analyze components in rat brain after given DCXFEE (60 mg/kg). RESULTS DCXFEE showed analgesic efficacy after intranasal administration (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) in acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. While after intragastric administration, DCXFEE only showed analgesic efficacy at high dose (60 mg/kg). Moreover, the analgesic potency was weaker after intragastric administration compared with that after intranasal administration at the same dose (60 mg/kg). Similar results were obtained in hot-plate latent pain response test in mice. DCXFEE (60 mg/kg) had no sedative effect after intranasal and intragastric administration. No components originated from DCXFEE were identified in rat brain 15 min after oral administration. One major parent component ligustilide was detected in rat brain after intranasal administration. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that DCXFEE had faster onset of action as well as better analgesic efficacy after intranasal administration than that after intragastric administration. DCXFEE has no sedative activity on potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice given by both routes. Ligustilide might represents the potential major bioactive component of DCXFEE after intranasal administration and contribute to its analgesic activity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khan H, Khan MA, Gul F, Hussain S, Ashraf N. Anti-inflammatory activity of Heliotropium strigosum in animal models. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1281-7. [PMID: 23823617 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713491813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current project was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of crude extract of Heliotropium strigosum and its subsequent solvent fractions in post carrageenan-induced edema and post xylene-induced ear edema at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally. The results revealed marked attenuation of edema induced by carrageenan injection in a dose-dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction was most dominant with 73.33% inhibition followed by hexane fraction (70.66%). When the extracts were challenged against xylene-induced ear edema, again ethyl acetate and hexane fractions were most impressive with 38.21 and 35.77% inhibition, respectively. It is concluded that various extracts of H. strigosum possessed strong anti-inflammatory activity in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Murad Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farah Gul
- PCSIR Laboratories, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sajjid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ashraf
- International Center for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ishola IO, Tota S, Adeyemi OO, Agbaje EO, Narender T, Shukla R. Protective effect of Cnestis ferruginea and its active constituent on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice: a behavioral and biochemical study. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:825-835. [PMID: 23627469 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.767360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) (CF) is used in traditional African medicine in the management of CNS disorders. The degeneration and dysfunction of cholinergic neurons is closely associated with the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and oxidative stress has been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, the influence of C. ferruginea on the cholinergic system and oxidative stress parameters has not been explored. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effect of methanol root extract of C. ferruginea and its active constituent amentoflavone (CF-2) on memory, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in scopolamine-induced amnesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were orally treated with CF (25-200 mg/kg), CF-2 (6.25-25 mg/kg) for three days and memory impairment was induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (3 mg/kg). Memory function was evaluated by passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and cholinergic function were estimated in brain after the completion of behavioral studies. RESULTS Scopolamine caused memory impairment along with increased AChE activity and oxidative stress in mice brain. Oral administration of CF and CF-2 significantly prevented scopolamine-induced memory impairment, inhibited AChE and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain following scopolamine injection as compared to vehicle administration in scopolamine (i.p.)-treated mice that were comparable to the effect of tacrine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that C. ferruginea and its constituent have significant protective effect against scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice that can be attributed to their antioxidant and antiAChE activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Castilho ALD, Saraceni CHC, Díaz IEC, Paciencia MLB, Suffredini IB. New trends in dentistry: plant extracts against Enterococcus faecalis. The efficacy compared to chlorhexidine. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:109-15. [PMID: 23538423 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an important pathogen associated with endodontic diseases, and its elimination and control are of paramount importance, as it represents one of the major causes of failure in the treatment of endodontic disease. Twenty-five plant extracts obtained from Brazilian forests were found to be effective against planktonic E. faecalis and were subjected to two traditional antibacterial assays, the microdilution broth assay (MDBA) and the disk diffusion assay (DDA), using chlorhexidine (CHX) as a control. Seven out of 25 extracts showed significant antibacterial activity and were tested in a biofilm assay, and three of these extracts were subjected to chemical fractionation. Residues were tested for their antibacterial activity, and the first chemical findings were described based on thin layer chromatography (TLC). Extracts obtained from Ipomoea alba, Symphonia globulifera and Moronobea coccinea showed significant bactericidal activity in the MDBA. The same I. alba and S. globulifera extracts, as well as the extract obtained from Connarus ruber var. ruber, showed significant activity in the DDA. RH2O obtained from Psidium densicomum and Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum showed better antibacterial activity compared to the respective crude extracts and CHX. TLC analysis showed that phenolic compounds and triterpenes represent the first findings of chemical groups that may occur in all species. The results of the present study include the discovery of six active extracts against planktonic E. faecalis and support further testing via assays involving biofilm formation, as well as the determination of the compounds' chemical profiles, as their activity was significantly better than that observed for CHX.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ishola IO, Chaturvedi JP, Rai S, Rajasekar N, Adeyemi OO, Shukla R, Narender T. Evaluation of amentoflavone isolated from Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) on production of inflammatory mediators in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and THP-1 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 146:440-448. [PMID: 23376104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cnestisferruginea (CF) Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is a shrub widely used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of various psychiatric illness and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was carried out to investigate the effect of amentoflavone isolated from methanolic root extract of CF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammatory cascade of events associated to the oxidative and nitrative stress, and TNF-α production in rat astrocytoma cell line (C6) and human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1), respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat astrocytoma cells (C6) were stimulated with LPS (10μg/ml) alone and in the presence of different concentrations of amentoflavone (0.1-3μg/ml) for 24h incubation period. Nitrite release, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced-glutathione (GSH) in C6 cells were estimated; while the TNF-α level was estimated in THP-1 cell lysate. In vivo analgesic activity was evaluated using mouse writhing and hot plate tests while the anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using carrageenan-induced oedema test. RESULTS LPS (10μg/ml) significantly (P<0.05) stimulated C6 cells to release nitrite, ROS, MDA, and TNF-α generation while GSH was down regulated in comparison to control. However, amentoflavone significantly (P<0.05) attenuated nitrite, ROS, MDA and TNF-α generation and also up regulated the level of GSH. Amentoflavone per se did not have any significant effect on C6 and THP-1 cells. Amentoflavone (6.25-50mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced number of writhes and also increase pain threshold in hot plate test. It produced time course significant (P<0.05) decrease in oedema formation in rodents. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings in this study demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory and antinoceptive effects of amentoflavone which may suggest its beneficial roles in neuroinflammation associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I O Ishola
- Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ogunwande IA, Avoseh NO, Flamini G, Hassan ASO, Ogunmoye AO, Ogunsanwo AO, Yusuf KO, Kelechi AO, Tiamiyu ZA, Tabowei GO. Essential Oils from the Leaves of Six Medicinal Plants of Nigeria. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemistry of Cassia siamea L., C. occidentalis L. (Fabaceae), Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae), Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev (Loganiaceae), Solanum torvum Swartz and S. erianthum G. Don (Solanaceae) volatiles grown in Nigeria have been studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main compounds of C. siamea were (E)-geranyl acetone (5.8%), 1-octen-3-ol (5.8%), linalool (7.8%), iso-italicene (15.4%) and (E)-β-damascenone (11.0%). On the other hand, C. occidentalis consisted mainly of (E)-geranyl acetone (8.0%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (24.0%) and (E)-phytol acetate (40.7%). The oil of C. ferruginea was comprised mainly of (E)-geranyl acetone (13.7%), (E)-α-ionone (9.5%), phytol (5.8%), pentadecanal (6.1%) and 1-octen-3-ol (5.5%). The main compounds of A. djalonensis were α-humulene (31.9%), β-caryophyllene (17.8%), humulene epoxide II (12.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.9%). The main volatiles of S. torvum were (E)-phytol acetate (38.7%), pentadecanal (25.3%) and (E)-geranyl acetone (5.0%). Apart from methyl salicylate (4.5%), tetradecanal (2.2%), 2-pentyl furan (1.8%), hexahydrofarnesylacetone (1.6%) and hexadecanal (1.1%), all other compounds were either present in trace quantity or in amounts less than 1%. On the other hand, α-humulene (46.6%) and β-caryophyllene (20.6%) were the compounds occurring in higher quantities in S. erianthum. The volatile oil contents of Cassia siamea, Cnestis ferruginea, Anthocleista djalonensis and Solanum torvum are being reported for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isiaka A. Ogunwande
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nudewhenu O. Avoseh
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, sede Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Universita di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alimot-Sadiat O. Hassan
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Akindele O. Ogunsanwo
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kamorudeen O. Yusuf
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Atuonwu O. Kelechi
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Zainab A. Tiamiyu
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Godgift O. Tabowei
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Badagry Expressway Ojo, P. M. B. 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ishola IO, Chatterjee M, Tota S, Tadigopulla N, Adeyemi OO, Palit G, Shukla R. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of amentoflavone isolated from Cnestis ferruginea in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:322-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
Ishola IO, Akindele AJ, Adeyemi OO. Sub-chronic toxicity study of the methanol root extract of Cnestis ferruginea. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:994-1006. [PMID: 22775416 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.655376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cnestis ferruginea (CF) Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is a shrub abundant in West Africa. Root preparations are used in traditional medicine to treat diverse conditions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sub-chronic toxicological effects of the methanol root extract of CF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of adult rats of both sexes were treated daily with distilled water (DW) and CF at doses of 80 (sub-therapeutic dose), 400 (therapeutic dose), and 1000 (supra-therapeutic dose) mg/kg orally for 90 days. Animals were weighed weekly and observed for behavioral and morphological changes. At the end, rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Vital organs were harvested, weighed, and assessed for in vivo antioxidants and histopathological changes. Sperm analysis and reversibility study were done, and mortality was recorded. RESULTS CF at the therapeutic dose did not produce any significant irreversible deleterious effects on the weight of animals and vital organs, in vivo antioxidants, histopathological presentation, hematological, biochemical, and sperm parameters. Platelet anomaly was elicited as a delayed effect. Effects at the sub- and supra-therapeutic doses were similar but with delayed anemia in females and weight reduction and sterility in males as possible side effects. CF generally showed a potential to induce in vivo antioxidants. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Findings suggest that CF given over an extended period possess the potential to cause induction of in vivo antioxidants especially in the ovary. Possible side effects identified with CF, which necessitate caution, include delayed platelet anomaly and anemia in females, weight reduction, and sterility in males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ishola IO, Agbaje OE, Narender T, Adeyemi OO, Shukla R. Bioactivity guided isolation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory constituents of Cnestis ferruginea Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) root. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:383-389. [PMID: 22613233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cnestis ferruginea (CF) Vahl ex DC (Connaraceae) is a shrub widely used in Traditional African Medicine (TAM) for the treatment of various painful and inflammatory conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate the active pharmacological constituents responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of the methanolic root extract of C. ferruginea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crude methanolic root extract of CF was sequentially fractionated into four sub extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol and the remaining aqueous fraction). The aqueous-butanol fractions, having showed significant inhibition of inflammation and pain, were subjected to fractionation through successive column chromatography on silica gel 60-120 mesh, eluted with a gradient of CHCl(3)-MeOH. Sixty five fractions were collected; fractions with similar TLC profiles were grouped into seven major fractions (1-7). Fraction 4 being the most active in bioassay was rechromatographed to obtain CF-2. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice while carrageenan induced paw oedema test was used to investigate the anti-inflammatory actions of the fractions obtained. RESULT Amentoflavone (CF-2) was isolated from the aqueous/n-butanol fraction. CF-2 (12.5, 25 and 100 mg/kg; p.o) produced significant (P<0.05) dose dependent inhibition of pain response elicited by acetic acid and increased nociceptive reaction latency in hot plate test. In addition it produced significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of oedema in the carrageenan-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION This study showed that amentoflavone is responsible for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Cnestis ferruginea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P.M.B. 12003 Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen F, Li S, Li D, Ding JS. Transdermal behaviors comparisons among Evodia rutaecarpa extracts with different purity of evodiamine and rutaecarpine and the effect of topical formulation in vivo. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:954-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
39
|
Effects of aqueous extract of Cnestis ferruginea (Vahl ex De Cantolle) root on paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
40
|
|