1
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Asadi Z, Jalilian S, Arkan E, Aghaz F. How Shilajit-Based Nanocarriers Alter Classical Doxorubicin Delivery to Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7 and ZR-75-1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:449-456. [PMID: 38628801 PMCID: PMC11017394 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been ineffective in cancer treatment, and efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a doxorubicin-loaded shilajit-based nanocarrier (SHN-Dox) using a nanoprecipitation method to enhance Dox uptake into breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and ZR-75-1). After confirmation of the physicochemical properties of the nanocarriers, the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of SHN-Dox and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated on breast cancer cells. SHN-Dox showed a spherical shape with a size of 244 nm and a sustainable release profile of Dox. It exhibited high cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells, effectively inducing DNA fragmentation in these cells. After 24 h of treatment, SHN-Dox increased the apoptosis rate in MCF-7 cells and raised ROS levels. Therefore, SHN-Dox is a promising carrier that might reduce the side effects of Dox on healthy cells and provide a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadi
- Student
Research Committee, Kermanshah University
of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
- Department
of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
| | - Saba Jalilian
- Nano
Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
| | - Elham Arkan
- Nano
Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
| | - Faranak Aghaz
- Nano
Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158 47141, Iran
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2
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Brahma S, Goyal AK, Dhamodhar P, Kumari MR, Jayashree S, Usha T, Middha SK. Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e140323214600. [PMID: 36918778 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230314093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined Mytilus margaritiferus and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudem Brahma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Dhamodhar
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangaluru-560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Reema Kumari
- Department of Botany, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - S Jayashree
- School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
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3
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Kamgar E, Kaykhaii M, Zembrzuska J. A Comprehensive Review on Shilajit: What We Know about Its Chemical Composition. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38133965 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2293963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Shilajit, a natural material known for thousands of years, is primarily famous because it was the main constituent used for the mummification of bodies by dynastic Egyptians. However, for millennia, it has also been an important drug and supplement in traditional and modern medicine. A full search of Shilajit in the literature, reveals that its chemical composition is not known with certainty. That's due to the fact that surprisingly, no comprehensive chemical analysis has ever been performed to find all the chemicals and species present in it. Moreover, its source is not known; some believe that it is formed from dead plant residues or animal excrements, and some others believe it is a mineral secreted from rocks gradually. In this review article, it is tried to gather chemical property information available regarding this soft, mysterious black material to clarify what it is composed of and what formulation commercial supplements and drugs based on Shilajit may have. While there are many differences in the chemical compositions of Shilajit from various regions, it has been discovered that more than 80% of weight of Shilajit is mainly composed of humic substances and almost 20% of its weight consists of calcium, potassium, and magnesium. It also contains amino acids (mainly glycine) and proteins, fatty acids, bioactive compounds such as caffeic acid and gallic acid, and heavy metals including chromium, selenium, and cobalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Kamgar
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Joanna Zembrzuska
- Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Fan Y, Li J, Ren X, Wang D, Liu Y. Preparation, characterization, bacteriostatic efficacy, and mechanism of zinc/selenium-loaded sodium humate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7417-7425. [PMID: 37906278 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12803-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, metal-based complexes including selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn)-containing compounds have been widely explored for their therapeutic properties due to their roles in biological processes and modulation of diverse molecular targets. Humic acid, as a metal complexing agent, is also widely used in biomedical field. In this work, three kinds of modified sodium humate (HNa), including Zn-HNA, Se-HNa, and Zn/Se-HNa, were prepared by ion exchange reaction method. The modified HNa was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping. The bacteriostatic activity and mechanism of modified HNa against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were investigated by testing bacterial inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, and capacity to destroy integrity of the bacterial membrane, promoting ROS generation level and prevention of biofilms. FTIR results showed that HNa could combine with zinc ions and selenite ions. The main XRD peaks did not change significantly. In the modified HNa, the particle shape was irregular. Compared to HNa, Zn-HNA, and Se-HNa, Zn/Se-HNa showed the strongest bacteriostatic activity. Zn/Se-HNa exhibited high bacteriostatic activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), but showed weak antibacterial activity against another gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. The bacteriostasis was achieved by altering the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, generating ROS, and preventing the formation of biofilms. In conclusion, Zn/Se-HNa has high bacteriostatic activity, making it a suitable alternative to antibiotics in fields like the treatment of trauma infections and animal husbandry. KEY POINTS: • Preparate and characterize zinc- and selenium-loaded sodium humate (Zn/Se-HNa). • The combination of Zn and Se enhanced the bacteriostatic activity of HNa. • Zn/Se-HNa alters the permeability of bacterial cell membranes and promotes generation of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Khan R, Mirza MA, Aqil M, Alex TS, Raj N, Manzoor N, Naseef PP, Saheer Kuruniyan M, Iqbal Z. In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation of a Dual-Targeted Nanoemulsion Gel for the Amelioration of Psoriasis. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020112. [PMID: 36826282 PMCID: PMC9957534 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis, due to its unique pathological manifestations and the limited success of existing therapeutic modalities, demands dedicated domain research. Our group has developed nanotherapeutics consisting of bioactives such as Thymoquinone (TQ) and Fulvic acid (FA), which have been successfully incorporated into a Nanoemulsion gel (NEG), taking kalonji oil as oil phase. The composition is aimed at ameliorating psoriasis with better therapeutic outcomes. TQ is a natural bio-active that has been linked to anti-psoriatic actions. FA has anti-inflammatory actions due to its free radical and oxidant-scavenging activity. Our previous publication reports the formulation development of the NEG, where we overcame the pharmaco-technical limitations of combining the above two natural bioactives. In vitro evaluation of the optimized NEG was carried out, which showed an enhanced dissolution rate and skin permeation of TQ. This work furthers the pharmaceutical progression of dual-targeted synergistic NEG to treat psoriasis. A suitable animal model, BALB/c mice, has been used to conduct the in vivo studies, which revealed the effective anti-psoriatic action of TQ. Molecular docking studies corroborated the results and revealed a good binding affinity for both the targets of TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor) and IL-6 (Interlukin-6). Tissue uptake by Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), a skin interaction study of the gel formulation, and an antioxidant free radical scavenging assay (1-1 Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl DPPH) were also carried out. It was concluded that the NEG may be effective in treating psoriasis with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmuddin Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd. Aamir Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +91-9213378765 (M.A.M.); +91-9811733016 (Z.I.)
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Thomson Santosh Alex
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nafis Raj
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | - Mohamed Saheer Kuruniyan
- Department of Dental Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (Z.I.); Tel.: +91-9213378765 (M.A.M.); +91-9811733016 (Z.I.)
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6
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Kangari P, Roshangar L, Iraji A, Talaei-Khozani T, Razmkhah M. Accelerating effect of Shilajit on osteogenic property of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:424. [PMID: 36153551 PMCID: PMC9509599 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shilajit has been widely used remedy for treating a numerous of illness such as bone defects in Iran traditional folk medicine since hundreds of years ago. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of Shilajit on the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS ASCs were seeded in 3D 1% alginate (Alg) hydrogel with or without Shilajit (500 µg/mL) and compared with 2D cultures. Then, characterization was done using electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and Raman confocal microscopy. RESULTS Adding Shilajit had no impact on the Alg scaffold degradability. In the 3D hydrogel and in the presence of osteogenic medium (OM), Shilajit acted as enhancer to increase ALP activity and also showed osteoinductive property in the absence of OM compared to the 2D matched groups at all time points (days 7 and 21 both P = 0.0006, for 14 days P = 0.0006 and P = 0.002, respectively). In addition, calcium deposition was significantly increased in the cultures exposed to Shilajit compared to 2D matched groups on days 14 (P < 0.0001) and 21 (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.003, respectively). In both 3D and 2D conditions, Shilajit induced osteogenic differentiation, but Shilajit/Alg combination starts osteogenic differentiation in a short period of time. CONCLUSION As Shilajit accelerates the differentiation of ASCs into the osteoblasts, without changing the physical properties of the Alg hydrogel, this combination may pave the way for more promising remedies considering bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kangari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Razmkhah
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Aldakheel RK, Gondal MA, Alsayed HN, Almessiere MA, Nasr MM, Shemsi AM. Rapid Determination and Quantification of Nutritional and Poisonous Metals in Vastly Consumed Ayurvedic Herbal Medicine (Rejuvenator Shilajit) by Humans Using Three Advanced Analytical Techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4199-4216. [PMID: 34800280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03014-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Shilajit is used commonly as Ayurvedic medicine worldwide which is Rasayana herbo-mineral substance and consumed to restore the energetic balance and to prevent diseases like cognitive disorders and Alzheimer. Locally, Shilajit is applied for patients diagnosed with bone fractures. For safety of the patients, the elemental analysis of Shilajit is imperative to evaluate its nutritional quality as well as contamination from heavy metals. The elemental composition of Shilajit was conducted using three advanced analytical techniques (LIBS, ICP, and EDX). For the comparative studies, the two Shilajit kinds mostly sold globally produced in India and Pakistan were collected. Our main focus is to highlight nutritional eminence and contamination of heavy metals to hinge on Shilajit therapeutic potential. In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Shilajit. Our LIBS analysis revealed that Shilajit samples composed of several elements like Ca, S, K, Mg, Al, Na, Sr, Fe, P, Si, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Co, Pb, Cu, As, Hg, Se, and Ti. Indian and Pakistani Shilajits were highly enriched with Ca, S, and K nutrients and contained Al, Sr, Mn, Ba, Zn, Ni, B, Cr, Pb, As, and Hg toxins in amounts that exceeded the standard permissible limit. Even though the content of most elements was comparable among both Shilajits, nutrients, and toxins, in general, were accentuated more in Indian Shilajit with the sole detection of Hg and Ti. The elemental quantification was done using self-developed calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) method, and LIBS results are in well agreement with the concentrations determined by standard ICP-OES/MS method. To verify our results by LIBS and ICP-OES/MS techniques, EDX spectroscopy was also conducted which confirmed the presence above mentioned elements. This work is highly significant for creating awareness among people suffering due to overdose of this product and save many human lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Aldakheel
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Gondal
- Laser Research Group, Physics Department, IRC-Hydrogen & Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan N Alsayed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Almessiere
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Nasr
- Physics Department, Riyadh Elm University, P.O. Box 321815, Riyadh, 11343, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Shemsi
- Center for Environment and Marine Study, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Bai G, Hu J, Qin S, Qi Z, Zhuang H, Sun F, Lu Y, Jin S, Gao D, Wang J. Small-molecule fulvic acid with strong hydration ability for non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation. iScience 2022; 25:104423. [PMID: 35663038 PMCID: PMC9157229 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of biocompatible ice-control materials especially the small molecules for non-vitreous cryopreservation remains challenging. Here, we report a small molecule of fulvic acid (FA) with strong hydration ability, which enables non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation by reducing ice growth during freezing and reducing ice recrystallization/promoting ice melting during thawing. Without adding any other cryoprotectants, FA can enhance the recovery of sheep red blood cells (RBCs) by three times as compared with a commercial cryoprotectant (hydroxyethyl starch) under a stringent test condition. Investigation of water mobility reveals that the ice-control properties of FA can be ascribed to its strong bondage to water molecules. Furthermore, we found that FA can be absorbed by RBCs and mainly locates on membranes, suggesting the possible contribution of FA to cell protection through stabilizing membranes. This work bespeaks a bright future for small-molecule cryoprotectants in non-vitreous cryopreservation application. FA shows strong hydration ability FA reduces ice growth/recrystallization and promotes ice melting FA can be absorbed by RBCs and mainly locates on membranes FA enables non-vitreous cellular cryopreservation
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinhao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Sijia Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zipeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Hening Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fude Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Youhua Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenglin Jin
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics Institute of Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Rahmani Barouji S, Shahabi A, Torbati M, Fazljou SMB, Yari Khosroushahi A. Mummy Induces Apoptosis Through Inhibiting of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e1812. [PMID: 34466597 PMCID: PMC8343979 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mummy (Iranian pure shilajit) is a remedy with possessing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to examine mummy effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasiveness of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer (BC) cell lines with underlying its mechanism. Materials and Methods:
The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of the mummy on cell proliferation in vitro was determined using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry and 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining were respectively used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of cellular apoptosis, and gene expression analysis was conducted using real-time PCR.
Results: MDA-MB-231 showed more sensitivity than the MCF-7 cell line to the anticancer activity of mummy, while mummy did not exhibit significant cell cytotoxicity against human normal cells (MCF-10A). The gene expression profile demonstrated a significant decrease in TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, TWIST1, NOTCH1, CTNNB1, SRC along with an increase in E-cadherin mRNA levels in mummy treated cells compared to the untreated control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Mummy triggers inhibition of EMT and metastasis in breast cancer cells mainly through the downregulation of TGFβ1 activity, and more studies required to find its specific anticancer activity with details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Rahmani Barouji
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arman Shahabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Correspondence to: Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Daneshgah Street, Tabriz, Iran Telephone Number: +98 41 33363234 Email Address:
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10
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Ding R, Zhao M, Fan J, Hu X, Wang M, Zhong S, Gu R. Mechanisms of generation and exudation of Tibetan medicine Shilajit (Zhaxun). Chin Med 2020; 15:65. [PMID: 32612671 PMCID: PMC7322889 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shilajit is a commonly used Tibetan medicine, and its water extract is mainly used for various heat-related syndrome, especially that of stomach, liver and kidney. Shilajit is found to exudate from rocks of cliff at an altitude of 2000-4000 m as a water-soluble mixture of black paste and animal feces of Trodocterus spp. or Ochotona spp. Because it is difficult to reach the exudation points so as to explain the its formation process, the source of Shilajit still remains unclear and controversial, which severely impedes its safety and efficacy in clinical application. Methods In this work, a series of investigations as rock flakes identification, porosity determination, rock mineral analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) have been carried out to clarify the source of Shilajit, including the storage condition and exudation process of its organic matter, and to investigate the geological structure of the exudation points as well as physical and chemical characteristics of the mother rocks. Results The Shilajit exudation points were mainly distributed on the steep cliffs, where there were cavities and sections that could not be eroded by rainwater. The fundamental structure of the exudation points was determined by the rock's bedding planes, joints, fracture surfaces and faults, and developed into micro-topography later. The exudation points were distributed in the Triassic strata and scattered in the Early Mesozoic granitoids. The lithologic features were mainly slate, carbonaceous slate and sandy slate etc. The background rocks were characterized by intergranular pores, dissolved pore, joint and fracture development. Organic matter was widely distributed in these pores and fissures, which had condition for storage and exudation of organic matter. Conclusions Shilajit mainly distributed on sunny steep slopes and cliffs with a slope of 60° or above at altitude of 2000-4000 m. The lithology character of the Shilajit exudation area were mainly various metamorphic rocks of sedimentary rocks that were rich in organic carbon. The organic matter in Shilajit was found to flow out naturally from rocks along pore, structural plane and even accumulate on the surface of rock as a result of storage environment change caused by rock tectonic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau Avenida da Universidade, Institute of Chinese Medicinal Science, Taipa, Macau 999078 China
| | - Jiuyu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
| | - Xiuquan Hu
- School of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059 China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of Geological Survey of Sichuan Provincial, Chengdu, 610081 China
| | - Shihong Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Rui Gu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137 China
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11
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Sadeghi SMH, Hosseini Khameneh SM, Khodadoost M, Hosseini Kasnavieh SM, Kamalinejad M, Gachkar L, Rampp T, Pasalar M. Efficacy of Momiai in Tibia Fracture Repair: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:521-528. [PMID: 32310691 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Momiai ( shilajit, mummy, mumie, or mineral pitch) has been used traditionally in different medical systems for the treatment of a variety of ailments since hundreds of years ago. It is a natural substance found in different rocky parts of the world, formed by plants, mineral, and animal remains gradually. There is also worthwhile evidence supporting its oral use for bone repair in Persian medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of momiai in tibia fracture healing. Design: This study is a randomized double-blinded controlled trial. Settings/Location: Three different hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Subjects: Patients with age range of 18-60 years admitted due to new tibia fracture were enrolled after meeting the inclusion criteria. Interventions: The patients were divided into two groups randomly and received two 500 mg capsules of momiai or placebo for 28 days. Outcome measures: The process of bone healing was assessed by frequent X-ray radiographies and adverse effects were recorded. Results: Totally, 160 patients participated in the study either in two equal intervention or placebo groups. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of demographic and descriptive data. At the end of the study, the mean time of tibial bone union was 129 days in the experimental group, while it was 153 days in the placebo group (p < 0.049). There was no significant difference in the reported adverse effects between the two groups (p = 0.839). Conclusions: The current study showed that oral consumption of momiai after tibial shaft fracture surgery could be a promising option to reduce the healing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Hasan Sadeghi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Khodadoost
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Latif Gachkar
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas Rampp
- Clinic of Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Medical Faculty University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Essence of Parsiyan Wisdom Institute, Traditional Medicine and Medicinal Plant Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Swat M, Rybicka I, Gliszczyńska-Świgło A. Characterization of Fulvic Acid Beverages by Mineral Profile and Antioxidant Capacity. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120605. [PMID: 31766604 PMCID: PMC6963745 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of the study was to investigate the quality of fulvic acid-based food products. The concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, and antioxidant capacities of fulvic acid concentrates and ready-to drink beverages available on the global market were determined. The concentrations of minerals were determined using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Antioxidant capacity was expressed as total polyphenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) contents, the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) values. The daily portion of eight out of 14 products realized 45–135% of recommended daily allowance (RDA) for Fe. One of ready-to-drink beverages was also a good source of Mg (about 40% of RDA), and another one of Mn (about 70% of RDA). The concentrations of TP and TF in ready-to-drink beverages varied from 6.5 to 187 µg/mL, whereas in concentrates, from 5886 to 19,844 µg/mL. Dietary supplements or food products with fulvic acids may be a good source of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds and some minerals.
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13
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Das A, Masry MSE, Gnyawali SC, Ghatak S, Singh K, Stewart R, Lewis M, Saha A, Gordillo G, Khanna S. Skin Transcriptome of Middle-Aged Women Supplemented With Natural Herbo-mineral Shilajit Shows Induction of Microvascular and Extracellular Matrix Mechanisms. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:526-536. [PMID: 31161927 PMCID: PMC7027386 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1564088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Shilajit is a pale-brown to blackish-brown organic mineral substance available from Himalayan rocks. We demonstrated that in type I obese humans, shilajit supplementation significantly upregulated extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes in the skeletal muscle. Such an effect was highly synergistic with exercise. The present study (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02762032) aimed to evaluate the effects of shilajit supplementation on skin gene expression profile and microperfusion in healthy adult females. Methods: The study design comprised six total study visits including a baseline visit (V1) and a final 14-week visit (V6) following oral shilajit supplementation (125 or 250 mg bid). A skin biopsy of the left inner upper arm of each subject was collected at visit 2 and visit 6 for gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Clariom™ D Assay. Skin perfusion was determined by MATLAB processing of dermascopic images. Transcriptome data were normalized and subjected to statistical analysis. The differentially regulated genes were subjected to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®). The expression of the differentially regulated genes identified by IPA® were verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Supplementation with shilajit for 14 weeks was not associated with any reported adverse effect within this period. At a higher dose (250 mg bid), shilajit improved skin perfusion when compared to baseline or the placebo. Pathway analysis identified shilajit-inducible genes relevant to endothelial cell migration, growth of blood vessels, and ECM which were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Conclusions: This work provides maiden evidence demonstrating that oral shilajit supplementation in adult healthy women induced genes relevant to endothelial cell migration and growth of blood vessels. Shilajit supplementation improved skin microperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative
Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamed S. El Masry
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative
Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Zagazig
University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Surya C. Gnyawali
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative
Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard Stewart
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Madeline Lewis
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhijoy Saha
- Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gayle Gordillo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University,
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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14
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Mishra T, Dhaliwal HS, Singh K, Singh N. Shilajit (Mumie): Current Status of Biochemical, Therapeutic and Clinical Advances. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666170823160217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Shilajit (mumie), a natural multi-component herbomineral ethnomedicinal
food, is used as a traditional medicine for enhancing the quality of life and for management of health
ailments in many countries of the world. Use of Shilajit as an adaptogen, aphrodisiac, rejuvenator and
anti-aging substance is mentioned in many ancient texts. This review aims to provide comprehensive
insights into its biochemical aspects, microbial role in biosynthesis, bioactivities and to establish correlation
between traditional uses and scientifically validated research findings.
Methods:
Scientific literature and ethnopharmacological information were compiled from the published
peer-reviewed articles, unpublished materials, thesis, books, patent databases, clinical trial registries
and from the websites of research councils of traditional medicine. The scientific databases,
thesis repositories and books databases were searched with keywords Shilajit, mumie, mumijo,
salajeet, asphaltum, fulvic acid, dibenzo-alpha-pyrones etc.
Results:
Scientifically validated research and ancient texts suggest multifaceted benefits of Shilajit. It
is endowed with anti-stress, memory and energy enhancing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic,
spermatogenic, neuroprotective, antiulcer and wound healing activities. These pharmacological
effects are mainly attributed to the presence of humic acid, fulvic acid, dibenzo-α-pyrones, dibenzo-
α-pyrones chromoproteins and trace elements.
Conclusion:
This review summarizes the traditional importance of Shilajit for the treatment and prevention
of several acute and chronic diseases and health ailments. Despite numerous health claims,
there are still major gaps in our understanding of its mechanism of action, variability in efficacy and
toxicity profile. Therefore, a coordinated interdisciplinary approach is needed to establish the underlying
mechanisms of action, comprehensive toxicological profile, pharmacokinetics parameters and effects
on different organ systems. Regulatory and governmental impetus to basic and clinical research,
safety testing and formulations quality control is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Harcharan S. Dhaliwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Karan Singh
- Chemistry, Eternal University, Baru Sahib-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nasib Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib-173101, Himachal Pradesh, India
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15
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Losa F, Deidda M, Firinu D, Martino MLD, Barca MP, Giacco SD. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis with an Ayurvedic drug as cofactor: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019. [PMID: 30863761 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i5.623.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showed a high degree of safety, it can act as cofactor of anaphylaxis, especially in condition at high risk, such as mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). We reported this case to sensitize practitioners to investigate to the use of complementary and alternative medicine, in case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn). CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman, working as a dance teacher, developed urticaria after ingestion of rice, tuna and Shilajit, which did not respond to intramuscular corticosteroids. Subsequently, she developed dyspnoea and hypotension with loss of consciousness that arose 1 h after sexual activity. The patient did not refer personal history of atopy. Specific IgE for main food allergens resulted negative, with total IgE levels of 14 IU/L. Oral provocation test with Shilajit was not perfomed because the patient refused, but we performed prick-by-prick and patch test that resulted negative. Serum tryptase at the time of anaphylaxis was 20.6 μg/L that fell down to of 10.6 μg/L after therapy, but has remained at the high value after two days and during the follow-up. We performed an analysis of the c-KIT gene in peripheral blood, which was negative. We felt the diagnosis consistent with EIAn in a patient with a possible MCAS. CONCLUSION In Western countries the use of drugs from Ayurvedic medicine is more common than in the past. These substances can be cofactors of anaphylaxis in patients with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Losa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Di Martino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Barca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital "Duilio Casula", University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
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16
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Losa F, Deidda M, Firinu D, Martino MLD, Barca MP, Giacco SD. Exercise-induced anaphylaxis with an Ayurvedic drug as cofactor: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:623-627. [PMID: 30863761 PMCID: PMC6406205 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i5.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The practice of Indian Ayurvedic medicine is spreading in Western countries and Shilajit is one of the most used drugs, for its antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory effects. Albeit Shilajit has showed a high degree of safety, it can act as cofactor of anaphylaxis, especially in condition at high risk, such as mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). We reported this case to sensitize practitioners to investigate to the use of complementary and alternative medicine, in case of exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn).
CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old woman, working as a dance teacher, developed urticaria after ingestion of rice, tuna and Shilajit, which did not respond to intramuscular corticosteroids. Subsequently, she developed dyspnoea and hypotension with loss of consciousness that arose 1 h after sexual activity. The patient did not refer personal history of atopy. Specific IgE for main food allergens resulted negative, with total IgE levels of 14 IU/L. Oral provocation test with Shilajit was not perfomed because the patient refused, but we performed prick-by-prick and patch test that resulted negative. Serum tryptase at the time of anaphylaxis was 20.6 μg/L that fell down to of 10.6 μg/L after therapy, but has remained at the high value after two days and during the follow-up. We performed an analysis of the c-KIT gene in peripheral blood, which was negative. We felt the diagnosis consistent with EIAn in a patient with a possible MCAS.
CONCLUSION In Western countries the use of drugs from Ayurvedic medicine is more common than in the past. These substances can be cofactors of anaphylaxis in patients with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Losa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Margherita Deidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Davide Firinu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Martino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Barca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health and Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy
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Keller JL, Housh TJ, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. The effects of Shilajit supplementation on fatigue-induced decreases in muscular strength and serum hydroxyproline levels. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:3. [PMID: 30728074 PMCID: PMC6364418 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shilajit is a safe, fluvic mineral complex exudate that is common to Ayurvedic medicine and is composed of fulvic acids, dibenzo-α-pyrones, proteins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 8 weeks of Shilajit supplementation at 250 mg·d− 1 (low dose) and 500 mg·d− 1 (high dose) versus placebo on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength, concentric peak torque, fatigue-induced percent decline in strength, and serum hydroxyproline (HYP). Methods Sixty-three recreationally-active men (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \overline{X} $$\end{document}X¯ ± SD: 21.2 ± 2.4 yr.; 179.8 ± 6.3 cm; 83.1 ± 12.7 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the high dose, low dose, or placebo group (each group: n = 21). During pre-supplementation testing, the subjects performed 2 pretest MVICs, 2 sets of 50 maximal, bilateral, concentric isokinetic leg extensions at 180°·s− 1 separated by 2-min of rest, and 2 posttest MVICs. Following 8 weeks of supplementation, the subjects repeated the pre-supplementation testing procedures. In addition, the groups were dichotomized at the 50th percentile based on pre-supplementation MVIC and baseline HYP. Mixed model ANOVAs and ANCOVAs were used to statistically analyze the dependent variables for the total groups (n = 21 per group) as well as dichotomized groups. Results For the upper 50th percentile group, the post-supplementation adjusted mean percent decline in MVIC was significantly less for the high dose group (8.9 ± 2.3%) than the low dose (17.0 ± 2.4%; p = 0.022) and placebo (16.0 ± 2.4%; p = 0.044) groups. There was no significant (p = 0.774) difference, however, between the low dose and placebo groups. In addition, for the upper 50th percentile group, the adjusted mean post-supplementation baseline HYP for the high dose group (1.5 ± 0.3 μg·mL− 1) was significantly less than both the low dose (2.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL− 1; p = 0.034) and placebo (2.4 ± 0.3 μg·mL− 1, p = 0.024) groups. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrated that 8 weeks of PrimaVie® Shilajit supplementation at 500 mg·d− 1 promoted the retention of maximal muscular strength following the fatiguing protocol and decreased baseline HYP. Thus, PrimaVie® Shilajit supplementation at 500 mg·d− 1 elicited favorable muscle and connective tissue adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Keller
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA.
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Cory M Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0806, USA
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18
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Pyakurel D, Bhattarai Sharma I, Smith-Hall C. Patterns of change: The dynamics of medicinal plant trade in far-western Nepal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:323-334. [PMID: 29885362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Combined quantitative and qualitative environmental product trade studies, undertaken in the same location over time, are instrumental in identifying plant species with commercial demand and explaining what drives temporal changes. Yet such dynamic studies are rare, including for Himalayan medicinal plants that have been large-scale traded for millennia. AIM OF THE STUDY To (i) investigate changes in medicinal plant trade in the past 17 years, and (ii) identify the main factors driving changes, using a study of Darchula District in far-western Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medicinal plant production network data were collected from March to August 2016, for the fiscal year 2014-15, for Darchula District in far-western Nepal through 167 quantitative (58 harvesters, 38 sub-local traders, 25 local traders, 25 central wholesalers, and 21 regional wholesalers), 61 qualitative (15 sub-local traders, 19 local traders, 15 central wholesalers, and 12 regional wholesalers) interviews, and four focus group discussions. Results were compared to previously unpublished similar data for Darchula District for the year 1997-98, using quantitative and qualitative interviews with 10 local traders, 20 central wholesalers, and 53 regional wholesalers. Data analysis was guided by an analytical framework derived from Global Production Network theory. Quantitative data were used to estimate changes in 12 indicators while the qualitative information allowed identification of the factors driving observed changes in the indicators. RESULTS The volume of medicinal plants traded from Darchula District in the fiscal year 2014-15 was 401 t with a harvester value of USD 5.5 million, representing a 2.3 fold increase in volume and 17.2 fold increase in value compared to 1997-98. Trade in the two observation years comprised 30 air-dried plant products (from 28 identified species as well as lichens and a mineral substance); 12 products were traded in both periods, while seven disappeared, and 11 new products entered the trade. The number of traders increased from 10 to 63, mainly due to the emergence of a single high value product yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), a fungus-caterpillar complex which alone contributed 85% of total trade value. Over the observed time period, harvesters and traders increased their margins at the cost of central wholesalers, indicating that market changes favoured lower tier actors, eroding the previously identified passive central wholesaler oligopsony in Nepal. Important drivers of market changes are: (i) rising incomes in China and India, expressed through demand for new products and increasing per unit prices for a range of products, (ii) expanding infrastructure (roads and telecommunications) towards and into harvesting sites, reducing transport costs and increasing market efficiency, and (iii) government interventions, causing disappearance of some species from trade. These market changes also led to increased cultivation at lower altitudes, and a sharp increase in the number of processor industries in Nepal. CONCLUSION Trade in medicinal plant products in far-western Nepal in the past two decades has increased substantially, doubling in volume and increasing 17 fold in value. There is a backbone of constantly traded species but also species that disappear from trade and new species that enter. Changes favour harvesters and traders at the benefit of central wholesalers whose previous passive oligopsony is disappearing. The three main drivers of change are rising incomes in China and India, expanding infrastructure, and government interventions in Nepal. Commercial medicinal plant resources are a substantial asset that appears to offer opportunities for economic development in far-western Nepal. The trade, however, may pose sustainability threats that are best understood by combining species-level biophysical, trade, and consumer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Pyakurel
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agribotany and Conservation Ecology, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Indira Bhattarai Sharma
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agribotany and Conservation Ecology, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.
| | - Carsten Smith-Hall
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Mishra RK, Jain A, Singh SK. Profertility effects of Shilajit on cadmium-induced infertility in male mice. Andrologia 2018; 50:e13064. [PMID: 29947420 DOI: 10.1111/and.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shilajit is claimed as a Vajikarak (aphrodisiac) and used for the treatment of male infertility by traditional healers of the Indian subcontinent. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to assess the effectiveness of Shilajit for treatment of male infertility resulting from exposure to perilous chemicals. Effect of daily oral administration (p.o.) of Shilajit (50 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg/Kg BW) was investigated for a single spermatogenic cycle (35 days) in cadmium-induced (2 mg/Kg BW, p.o. for 35 days) infertile adult (12-14 week) swiss male mice. Shilajit treatment increased weights of reproductive organs, testicular daily sperm production, activities of testicular Δ5 3β-HSD and 17 β-HSD enzymes and serum level of testosterone. Histopathological evaluation of testis revealed that Shilajit restored spermatogenesis as reflected by a gradual augmentation in germ cell layers with increased doses of Shilajit compared to cadmium-treated mice. Further, Shilajit treatment reverted back the adverse effects of cadmium on motility and concentration of spermatozoa. Secretory activities of the epididymis and seminal vesicle and libido, fertility and the number of litters per female were also improved by Shilajit in cadmium-treated mice. Results thus suggest the potent androgenic nature of Shilajit and its role in fertility improvement against cadmium-induced infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Kumar Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Microbiology, Smt. Chandibai Himathmal Mansukhani College, University of Mumbai, Ulhasnagar, Thane, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Moghadari M, Rezvanipour M, Mehrabani M, Ahmadinejad M, Tajadini H, Hashempur MH. Efficacy of mummy on healing of pressure ulcers: A randomized controlled clinical trial on hospitalized patients in intensive care unit. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6140-6147. [PMID: 29588812 PMCID: PMC5853986 DOI: 10.19082/6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mummy is a mineral substance which according to Persian medicine texts, may be useful in treatment of chronic ulcers. Objective The present study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of mummy on healing of pressure in male patients who had been hospitalized due to cerebrospinal injury in the Intensive Care Unit. Methods This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 75 patients who had pressure ulcer at Shahid Bahonar Hospital in Kerman, Iran, from September 2016 to March 2017. The control group received normal saline and routine wound dressing, while the intervention group received mummy water solution 20% in addition to normal saline and routine wound dressing on a daily basis. Data was recorded based on the PUSH method. In both groups, ulcers were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 for the variables of ulcer surface area, the amount of exudate and type of tissue. Data analysis was done through SPSS 21 and using t-test, Repeated Measure Analysis, Cox Regression and Chi-square. Results Both groups showed reduction in the average ulcer surface area (3.26 to 0.53 in the intervention group and 5.1 to 3.46 in the control group), the average exudate amount (1.26 to 0.26 in the intervention group and 1.83 to 1.06 in the control group) and the average tissue score (1.36 to 0.23 in the intervention group and 2.13 to 1.26 in the control group). Over the entire study period, the intervention group showed more acceptable signs of healing compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion The healing process was more prominent in the intervention group than the control group. Clinical trial registration The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with registered NO. (IRCT2014042917494N1) (29/04/2014). Funding No financial support for the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Moghadari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mozafar Rezvanipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Haleh Tajadini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Li Q, Li HJ, Xu T, Du H, Huan Gang CL, Fan G, Zhang Y. Natural Medicines Used in the Traditional Tibetan Medical System for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:29. [PMID: 29441019 PMCID: PMC5797630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is one of the most risk factors threatening human health. It is of great significance to find drugs that can treat liver diseases, especially for acute and chronic hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and liver cancer. The search for drugs with good efficacy from traditional natural medicines has attracted more and more attention. Tibetan medicine, one of the China's traditional medical systems, has been widely used by the Tibetan people for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases for hundreds of years. The present paper summarized the natural Tibetan medicines that have been used in Tibetan traditional system of medicine to treat liver diseases by bibliographic investigation of 22 Tibetan medicine monographs and drug standards. One hundred and ninety three species including 181 plants, 7 animals, and 5 minerals were found to treat liver diseases in traditional Tibetan medicine system. The most frequently used species are Carthamus tinctorius, Brag-zhun, Swertia chirayita, Swertia mussotii, Halenia elliptica, Herpetospermum pedunculosum, and Phyllanthus emblica. Their names, families, medicinal parts, traditional uses, phytochemicals information, and pharmacological activities were described in detail. These natural medicines might be a valuable gift from the old Tibetan medicine to the world, and would be potential drug candidates for the treatment of liver diseases. Further studies are needed to prove their medicinal values in liver diseases treatment, identify bioactive compounds, elucidate the underlying mechanism of action, and clarify their side effects or toxicity with the help of modern phytochemical, pharmacological, metabonomics, and/or clinical trial methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Jiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Du
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen-Lei Huan Gang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Characteristic National Medicine Innovation Research Center of Tibet-Qiang-Yi, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Winkler J, Ghosh S. Therapeutic Potential of Fulvic Acid in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:5391014. [PMID: 30276216 PMCID: PMC6151376 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5391014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes are on a rise in the Western world. Based on the tsunami of new cases every year, new therapeutic measures must be considered. A promising avenue might involve the attenuation of underlying inflammation through natural health products (NHPs). This is because most NHPs have a rich history in traditional medicine and might be considered safer under appropriate doses and conditions. However, the biggest impediment in NHP research is that rarely do these products come with verified health benefits or dosing schedules established through modern scientific research. Fulvic acid (FvA), one such NHP, comes from humic substances produced by microorganisms in soil. Traditional medicine and modern research claim FvA can modulate the immune system, influence the oxidative state of cells, and improve gastrointestinal function; all of which are hallmarks of diabetes. This minireview outlines the available peer-reviewed research on FvA and examines its anecdotal health claims. We show that although available research has been minimal, there is substantial evidence to pursue FvA research in preventing chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Winkler
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
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23
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Pant K, Yadav AK, Gupta P, Rathore AS, Nayak B, Venugopal SK. Humic acid inhibits HBV-induced autophagosome formation and induces apoptosis in HBV-transfected Hep G2 cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34496. [PMID: 27708347 PMCID: PMC5052648 DOI: 10.1038/srep34496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) utilizes several mechanisms to survive in the host cells and one of the main pathways being autophagosome formation. Humic acid (HA), one of the major components of Mineral pitch, is an Ayurvedic medicinal food, commonly used by the people of the Himalayan regions of Nepal and India for various body ailments. We hypothesized that HA could induce cell death and inhibit HBV-induced autophagy in hepatic cells. Incubation of Hep G2.2.1.5 cells (HepG2 cells stably expressing HBV) with HA (100 μM) inhibited both cell proliferation and autophagosome formation significantly, while apoptosis induction was enhanced. Western blot results showed that HA incubation resulted in decreased levels of beclin-1, SIRT-1 and c-myc, while caspase-3 and β-catenin expression were up-regulated. Western blot results showed that HA significantly inhibited the expression of HBx (3-fold with 50 μM and 5-fold with 100 μM) compared to control cells. When HA was incubated with HBx-transfected Hep G2 cells, HBx-induced autophagosome formation and beclin-1 levels were decreased. These data showed that HA induced apoptosis and inhibited HBV-induced autophagosome formation and proliferation in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Pant
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K. Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Parul Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Singh Rathore
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
| | - Baibaswata Nayak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Senthil K. Venugopal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan Chanakyapuri New Delhi, India
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Pant K, Gupta P, Damania P, Yadav AK, Gupta A, Ashraf A, Venugopal SK. Mineral pitch induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation via modulating reactive oxygen species in hepatic cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:148. [PMID: 27233240 PMCID: PMC4882837 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1131-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Mineral Pitch (MP) is a dark brown coloured humic matter originating from high altitude rocks. It is an Ayurvedic medicinal food, commonly used by the people of the Himalayan regions of Nepal and India for various body ailments. Methods The Huh-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of MP for 24 h, and both apoptosis and proliferation was determined by the TUNEL and MTT assays respectively. The formation of ROS and nitric oxide was analysed by DCFH-DA and Griess reagent respectively. The expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-22 were checked by the real time PCR. Effect of miRNA-22 on proliferation and c-myc was studied by over-expressing miRNA-22 premiRs in Huh-7 cells. Results We found that MP enhanced anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation. MP induced both ROS and NO, upon neutralizing them, there was a partial recovery of apoptosis and proliferation. MP also induced miRNA-22 expression, while miRNA-21 expression was inhibited. Over-expression of miRNA-22 resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation. miRNA-22 directly targeted c-myc gene, thereby inhibited proliferation. These results clearly show that MP induces its anti-cancer activity by more than one pathway. Conclusion The data clearly indicate that MP induced apoptosis via the production of ROS, and inhibited proliferation by inducing miRNA-22 and inhibiting miRNA-21 in Huh-7 cells.
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Durg S, Veerapur VP, Thippeswamy BS, Ahamed SM. Antiepileptic and antipsychotic activities of standardized Śilājatu (Shilajit) in experimental animals. Anc Sci Life 2016; 35:110-7. [PMID: 26865744 PMCID: PMC4728862 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.171675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Śilājatu (Shilajit; SJ) is claimed in traditional Indian medical practice to be useful in the treatment of nervous disorders, epilepsy and as antistress. Aim: To investigate whether SJ possesses antiepileptic and antipsychotic activities in rodents. Materials and Methods: Isonicotinyl hydrazine (INH), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), apomorphine, phenytoin, diazepam, haloperidol and other chemicals of analytical grade were procured from standard companies. The antiepileptic activity of SJ was assessed using maximal electro shock (MES)-induced seizures in rats, INH and PTZ-induced seizures in mice. The antipsychotic effect of SJ was evaluated using apomorphine-induced climbing and stereotyped behaviours respectively, in mice and rats. Settings and Designs: SJ (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) was given orally once daily for 15 days in all the rodent models. On the test day, SJ was administered 1 h prior to electric shock or chemical inducers (INH/PTZ/apomorphine) in experimental animals; the animals were then observed for different phases of seizures and psychotic behaviours. In addition, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in the brain of rats and mice was estimated in seizure models. Statistical Analysis: The data were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. Statistical comparisons were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test using Graph Pad Prism version 5.0, USA. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusions: SJ pretreatment significantly inhibited the seizures induced by MES, INH and PTZ in a dose dependent manner. Further, SJ augmented brain GABA levels to normal, decreased by INH and PTZ in mice brain. SJ pretreatment also significantly inhibited the climbing and stereotyped behaviours induced by apomorphine. The present data seems to confirm the antiepileptic activity of SJ which may be because of enhancing the GABAergic system. The antipsychotic activity observed may be due to anti-dopaminergic and/or GABA-mimetic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanbasappa Durg
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Veeresh P Veerapur
- Department of Quality Assurance, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Thippeswamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Syed Mansoor Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
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Van Son CR, Stasyuk O. Older immigrants from the former Soviet Union and their use of complementary and alternative medicine. Geriatr Nurs 2015; 35:S45-8. [PMID: 24702720 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The population of older immigrants in the United States is growing and they bring their health beliefs and practices with them. Older immigrants from the former Soviet Union use a variety of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) remedies which includes in part: 1) foods to which medicinal properties are attributed, 2) herbs, 3) external treatments, and 4) pharmaceuticals manufactured in the former Soviet Union and available over-the-counter. These remedies vary in their efficacy and are often used in combination with or in lieu of prescribed allopathic (Western) medications. Health beliefs regarding medicine in the United States has led older Slavic immigrant to distrust their US health care providers and system. Nurses are in a key position to inquire and work with older Slavic immigrants to safely use their CAM and provide more information about prescribed allopathic medications and the harmful effects of combining remedies without consultation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R Van Son
- Washington State University, College of Nursing, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, USA.
| | - Oksana Stasyuk
- Ivan Franko National University of L'viv, L'viv Oblast, Ukraine
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Cagno V, Donalisio M, Civra A, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P, Lembo D. In vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of Shilajit and investigation of its mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:129-34. [PMID: 25792012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shilajit, a herbomineral substance exuded from rocks in steep mountainous regions, has been used for thousands of years by the Indian Ayurvedic and Siddha systems of traditional medicine to relieve ailments and enhance quality of life. Although a large number of therapeutic properties have been ascribed to Shilajit, its therapeutic potential is still largely unexplored by modern research and many of its claimed bioactivities lack scientific validation. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antiviral activity of Shilajit against a panel of viruses including herpes simplex type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rotavirus (HRV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity of Shilajit was assayed in vitro by plaque reduction and virus yield assays and the major mechanism of action was investigated by virucidal and time-of-addition assays. RESULTS Shilajit exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory activity against HSV1, HSV2, HCMV, and RSV infectivity in vitro (EC50 values: 31.08μg/ml, 12.85μg/ml, 34.54μg/ml, and 30.35μg/ml, respectively), but was inactive against HRV and VSV. Humic acid, a constituent of Shilajit, displayed the same spectrum of activity. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus attachment were both found to contribute to the antiviral activity of Shilajit. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate that Shilajit is endowed with broad, yet specific, antiviral activity in vitro and constitutes a natural source of antiviral substances. Further work remains to be done to assess its efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cagno
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Civra
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy.
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Kalra G, Kamath R, Subramanyam A, Shah H. Psychosocial profile of male patients presenting with sexual dysfunction in a psychiatric outpatient department in Mumbai, India. Indian J Psychiatry 2015; 57:51-8. [PMID: 25657457 PMCID: PMC4314917 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.148522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual dysfunction can occur due to biological problems, relationship problems, lack of proper sexual knowledge or a combination of these. India is often known as the land of Kamasutra. But as far as sexuality research is concerned, there is a paucity of relevant data from India. In view of this, we conducted a study to assess the psychosocial profile of males presenting with sexual dysfunction to psychiatry out-patient department of a tertiary medical hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred consecutive male patients presenting with sexual dysfunction were screened using Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale for clinical sexual dysfunction and after obtaining their informed consent were included in this study. They were assessed using a semi-structured proforma, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4(th) Edition, Text Revision criteria, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. RESULTS Majority of our respondents were in the 18-30 years age group and were married. The main source of sex knowledge for 69% of them was peer group. Age of onset of masturbation was 11-13 years for 43% of them. Premature ejaculation was the most common sexual dysfunction seen in the respondents. Marital discord was seen in significantly lesser number of respondents (32.35%) as also major depressive disorder that was seen in only 16%. DISCUSSION Premature ejaculation was the most common sexual dysfunction in our sample. Despite the sexual dysfunction, marital discord and depression were seen less commonly in our respondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvinder Kalra
- Northern Area Mental Health Services, Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ravindra Kamath
- Topiwala National Medical College and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alka Subramanyam
- Topiwala National Medical College and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Henal Shah
- Topiwala National Medical College and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Joukar S, Najafipour H, Dabiri S, Sheibani M, Sharokhi N. Cardioprotective Effect of Mumie (Shilajit) on Experimentally Induced Myocardial Injury. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 14:214-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rubab I, Routray I, Mahmood A, Bashir S, Shinkafi TS, Khan F, Ali S. Mineral pitch stimulates humoral, cellular and innate immune responses in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:997-1007. [PMID: 23750745 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.774027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mineral pitch (MP), a traditional medicine, is proposed to boost immunity in conditions that suppress Th1 cytokines such as AIDS/HIV, tuberculosis, leishmaniasis and cancer. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the immunoregulatory mechanisms of MP in innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice given MP (100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg, orally) for 10 consecutive days were immunized intravenously with goat RBC or ovalbumin, and investigated for plaque-forming cells (PFC), hemagglutination titer, hypersensitivity response, lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage function. RESULTS MP increased PFC (330.2 versus 182.2/10⁶ splenocytes) in mice immunized with goat RBC and elicited ovalbumin-specific IgG titer at 400 mg/kg. Increase in Th1 immunity was correlated with the increased level of IFN-γ (724 versus 470 pg/ml) and decreased IL-4 (96 versus 178 pg/ml). CD4⁺/CD3⁺ ratio and delayed-type hypersensitivity response also increased to, respectively, 20.62 ± 0.59 (versus 16.47 ± 0.72) and 1.59 ± 0.12 (versus 0.87 ± 0.10 mm) in MP-treated mice. MP increased lymphocyte proliferation (11.14 ± 0.60 versus 5.81 ± 0.40 SI) and macrophage phagocyte response (0.24 ± 0.02 versus 0.15 ± 0.009), expressed as absorbance at 570 nm, but decreased nitrite production (17.4 ± 1.10 versus 24.3 ± 1.30 µM/10⁶ cells). We also observed an increased bone marrow cellularity (24.5 ± 1.10 versus 17.10 ± 0.70 cells/femur) and WBC count (12 667 ± 377 versus 9178 ± 213 cells/mm³) following MP treatment. There was no sign of toxicity at 400 mg/kg, 1/12th of reported LD₅₀. CONCLUSION MP elicits a dose-dependent Th1 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrina Rubab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard-Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Stohs SJ. Safety and efficacy of shilajit (mumie, moomiyo). Phytother Res 2013; 28:475-9. [PMID: 23733436 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Shilajit (mumie; moomiyo, mummiyo) has been used for a wide variety of illnesses and conditions for many years. However, relatively few well-controlled human studies have been conducted on the effects of shiliajit, although a growing number of studies have been published in recent years involving animal and in vitro systems. The safety of shilajit is well documented based on animal and human studies. Various research studies indicate that shilajit exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, and anti-dyslipidemic properties. Animal and human studies indicate that shilajit enhances spermatogenesis. Furthermore, animal and human data support its use as a 'revitalizer', enhancing physical performance and relieving fatigue with enhanced production of ATP. Key constituents in shilajit responsible for these effects appear to be dibenzo-α-pyrones and fulvic acid and their derivatives. Various mechanistic studies provide support for the above observed effects. Additional well-controlled human and animal studies involving the use of standardized products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68168, USA
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Abstract
Five new diterpenoids belonging to labdane and isopimarane skeletons, mumic acids A–E (1–5), have been isolated from mumiyo. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatization.
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Wu F, Li H, Jin L, Li X, Ma Y, You J, Li S, Xu Y. Deer antler base as a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:403-415. [PMID: 23246455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Deer antler base (Cervus, Lu Jiao Pan) has been recorded in the Chinese medical classics Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing 2000 years ago and is believed to nourish the Yin, tonify the kidney, invigorate the spleen, strengthen bones and muscles, and promote blood flow. In China, deer antler base has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a variety of diseases including mammary hyperplasia, mastitis, uterine fibroids, malignant sores and children's mumps. AIM OF THE REVIEW We provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the traditional uses, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and clinical trials of deer antler base in order to explore its therapeutic potentials and future research needs. BACKGROUND AND METHODS The pharmacological value of deer antler base was ignored for many years while researchers concentrated on the pharmacological value of velvet antler. However, more recently, scientists have carried out a great number of chemical, pharmacological and clinical studies on deer antler base. The present review covers the literature available from 1980 to 2012. All relevant information on deer antler base was collected from ancient Chinese herbal classics, pharmacopoeias, formularies, scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search by using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and CNKI (in Chinese). KEY FINDINGS Both in vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies have demonstrated that deer antler base possess immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-fatigue, anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, hematopoietic modulatory activities and the therapeutic effect on mammary hyperplasia. Although the mechanism of actions is still not clear, the pharmacological activities could be mainly attributed to the major bioactive compounds amino acids, polypeptides and proteins. Based on animal studies and clinical trials, deer antler base causes no severe side effects. CONCLUSIONS Deer antler base has emerged as a good source of traditional medicine. However, further investigations are needed to explore individual bioactive compounds responsible for these in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects and its mechanism of actions. Further safety assessments and clinical trials in humans need to be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices. The present review has provided preliminary information for further studies and commercial exploitations of deer antler base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Kaur S, Kumar P, Kumar D, Kharya MD, Singh N. Parasympathomimetic Effect of Shilajit Accounts for Relaxation of Rat Corpus Cavernosum. Am J Mens Health 2012; 7:119-27. [DOI: 10.1177/1557988312462738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported an enhancement of central cholinergic signal cascade by shilajit. For the present study, it was hypothesized that parasympathomimetic effect of shilajit accounting for relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum may be one of the major mechanisms attributing to its traditional role as an aphrodisiac. To test this hypothesis, the acute peripheral effect of standard acetylcholine (ACh), shilajit, and their combination was evaluated on cardiorespiratory parameters such as mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and neuromuscular transmission (NMT). Furthermore, in vitro effect of standard ACh, shilajit, and their combination was tested on the rat corpus cavernosum. Six groups were used for the in vivo study ( N = 5): Group I (control-saline), Group II (ACh), Group III (Sh), Group IV (Sh followed by ACh), Group V (Atropine followed by ACh), and Group VI (Atropine followed by Sh). The in vitro study included four groups: Group I (control-saline), Group II (ACh), Group III (Sh), and Group IV (Sh followed by ACh). The results of the in vivo study confirmed the peripheral parasympathomimetic effect of shilajit (400 µg/mL). The in vitro results revealed that shilajit (400 and 800 µg/mL) relaxed cavernous strips’ concentration dependently and enhanced ACh-mediated relaxations. The peripheral parasympathomimetic effects of shilajit were confirmed by blockade of shilajit-induced relaxations (in vitro) and shilajit-induced lowering of MABP and HR (in vivo) by atropine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pravin Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deo Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M. D. Kharya
- Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nityanand Singh
- George Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:674142. [PMID: 22482077 PMCID: PMC3296184 DOI: 10.1155/2012/674142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shilajit is a natural substance found mainly in the Himalayas, formed for centuries by the gradual decomposition of certain plants by the action of microorganisms. It is a potent and very safe dietary supplement, restoring the energetic balance and potentially able to prevent several diseases. Recent investigations point to an interesting medical application toward the control of cognitive disorders associated with aging, and cognitive stimulation. Thus, fulvic acid, the main active principle, blocks tau self-aggregation, opening an avenue toward the study of Alzheimer's therapy. In essence, this is a nutraceutical product of demonstrated benefits for human health. Considering the expected impact of shilajit usage in the medical field, especially in the neurological sciences, more investigations at the basic biological level as well as clinical trials are necessary, in order to understand how organic molecules of shilajit and particularly fulvic acid, one of the active principles, and oligoelements act at both the molecular and cellular levels and in the whole organism.
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