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Salehi A, Shariat A. Comparative performance of Populus spp. and Salix spp. for growth, nutrition, and heavy metal uptake in a wastewater hydroponic system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38415612 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2321597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to ascertain the growth, biomass, and phytoremediation capacity of poplars and willow cultivated using wastewater in a hydroponic system. The cuttings were exposed to two water treatments for eight weeks: (1) tap water supply with 1/4 strength Hoagland's solution (TW) as a control and (2) urban raw wastewater with 1/4 strength Hoagland's solution (WW) in a completely randomized experimental design and growth parameters and nutrient and heavy metal content distribution in various plant tissues were assessed. Our results suggest that compared with the TW, seven studied species/clones revealed an increase in growth and biomass parameters (stem height by 16.4%, and root, shoot, and total biomass by 37.3%, 26.9%, and 29.3%, respectively) caused by WW treatment, except the root length and stem diameter that remained the same under two water treatments. Poplars and willow showed a remarkable variability in growth and biomass parameters, with the highest stem diameter, stem height, and root, shoot, and total biomass in Populus nigra L. 62.154. Expression of growth responses to WW treatment with tolerance indices (Tis) indicated the tested poplars and willow as highly tolerant (Ti >100%) with no significant differences among them based on this index. Plant analysis showed that WW treatment increased the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in the shoots and roots. Overall, under both water treatments, the capability of the tested species/clones to uptake and accumulate micro-nutrients (except copper (Cu) in shoots) and heavy metals (except chromium (Cr) in shoots) in the plant tissues varied noticeably. However, for all tested plants, the roots had higher concentrations of micro-nutrients (iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and Cu concentrations in the roots were about 36.8%, 107.6%, and 30.1% of that in the shoots, respectively) and heavy metals (nickel (Ni), Cr, and lead (Pb) concentrations in the roots were about 115.3%, 344.2%, and 198.9% of that in the shoots, respectively), suggesting their capability for micro-nutrients and heavy metals rhizofiltration. Concerning obtained results under hydroponic culture, it can be concluded that these poplars and willow might be promising candidates for wastewater applications. However, data obtained by a hydroponic system need to be confirmed in pot and field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Salehi
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Shariat
- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Li R, Zhao W, Zhou L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shi H, Wang M. Screening for a Fenpropidin Enantiomer with High Activity and Low Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37908074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Fenpropidin has been extensively used for managing fungal diseases in different crops. There is a lack of literature on the enantioselective bioactivity and toxicity of fenpropidin. This study aims to explore the enantioselective bioactivity and toxicity of fenpropidin. R-Fenpropidin exhibited more potent bioactivity against seven plant pathogens than S-fenpropidin. R-Fenpropidin was more effective than S-fenpropidin in inhibiting sclerotial production, affecting mycelial growth and morphology, increasing cell membrane permeability, and decreasing the ergosterol content of Rhizoctonia solani. R-Fenpropidin exhibited a tighter binding affinity and formed hydrogen bonds with two target proteins. Fenpropidin also has enantioselective toxicity to Selenastrum capricornutum, with the toxicity of S-fenpropidin being seven times that of R-fenpropidin. S-Fenpropidin significantly reduced the content of the photosynthetic pigments. The results showed that R-fenpropidin was a highly active enantiomer with low toxicity. This study can provide a basis for the development of enantiomers with high activity and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangliang Zhou
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Suthar S, Chand N, Singh V. Fate and toxicity of triclosan in tidal flow constructed wetlands amended with cow dung biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136875. [PMID: 36270527 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TC) is one of the threats to the environment due to its bioaccumulative nature, persistency, combined toxicity in aquatic biota, and endocrine-disrupting nature. This study revealed the removal of TC via three distinct setups of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW: B-VFCW (with biochar); PB-VFCW (with plant Colocasia and biochar); C-VFCW (without biochar but with plant)) operated with normal flow and tidal-flow (flooding/drying cycles of 72 h/24 h: B-TFCW; PB-TFCW; C-TFCW) mode for 216 h of the operation cycle. The effluent was analyzed for changes in TC load and wastewater parameters (COD, NO3-N, NH4+-N, and DO). TC reduction efficiency (%) was found to be higher in PB-TFCW (98.41) followed by, C-TFCW (82.41), B-TFCW (77.51), PB-VFCW (71.83), C-VFCW (64.25), and B-VFCW (52.19) (p < 0.001). Reduction efficiency for COD (29-75 - 53.10%), and NH4+-N (86.5-97.9%) was better in TFCWs than that of setups with a normal mode of operation. TFCWs showed higher DO (3.87-4.89 mg L-1) during the operation period than that of VFCWs. The toxic impact of TC in plant stand was also assessed and results suggested low phototoxic and oxidative enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; malondialdehyde, MDA) in TFCWs. In summary, biochar addition and tidal flow operation played a significant role in oxidative- and microbial-mediated removals of TC in wastewater. This study provides an alternative strategy for the efficient removals of TC in constructed wetland systems and new insights into the toxic impact of pharmaceuticals on wetland plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Naveen Chand
- Environmental Engineering Research Group, National Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110040, India
| | - Vineet Singh
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
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Couto E, Assemany PP, Assis Carneiro GC, Ferreira Soares DC. The potential of algae and aquatic macrophytes in the pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) environmental removal: a review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134808. [PMID: 35508259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), in aquatic environments has received increasing attention in the last years due to the various possible impacts on the dynamics of the natural environment and human health. In global terms, around 771 active pharmaceutical substances or their transformation products have been detected at levels above their respective detection limit. Additionally, 528 different compounds have been detected in 159 countries. Seeking to overcome potential ecotoxicological problems, several studies have been conducted using different technologies for PPCPs removal. Recently, the use of macro, microalgae, and aquatic macrophytes has been highlighted due to the excellent bioremediation capacity of these organisms and easy acclimatization. Thus, the present review aims to outline a brief and well-oriented scenario concerning the knowledge about the bioremediation alternatives of PPCPs through the use of macro, microalgae, and aquatic macrophytes. The characteristics of PPCPs and the risks of these compounds to the environment and human health are also addressed. Moreover, the review indicates the opportunities and challenges for expanding the use of biotechnologies based on algae and aquatic macrophytes, such as studies dedicated to relate the operational criteria of these biotechnologies with the main PPCPs removal mechanisms. Finally, algae and macrophytes can compose green and ecological biotechnologies for wastewater treatment, having great contribution to PPCPs removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Couto
- Federal University of Itajuba, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus Itabira. Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200 Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Paula Peixoto Assemany
- Federal University of Lavras, Environmental Engineering Department, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Cristina Assis Carneiro
- Federal University of Itajuba, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus Itabira. Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200 Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cristian Ferreira Soares
- Federal University of Itajuba, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus Itabira. Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200 Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Salam MMA, Ruhui W, Sinkkonen A, Pappinen A, Pulkkinen P. Effects of Contaminated Soil on the Survival and Growth Performance of European ( Populus tremula L.) and Hybrid Aspen ( Populus tremula L. × Populus tremuloides Michx.) Clones Based on Stand Density. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1970. [PMID: 35956448 PMCID: PMC9370595 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the survival rates, growth, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of four hybrid aspen (14, 191, 27, 291) and two European aspen (R3 and R4) clones cultivated in creosote- and diesel oil-contaminated soil treatments under three different plant densities: one plant per pot (low density), two plants per pot (medium density), and six plants per pot (high density) over a period of two years and three months. Evaluating the survival, growth, and Fv/Fm values of different plants is a prerequisite for phytoremediation to remediate polluted soils for ecological restoration and soil health. The results revealed that contaminated soils affected all plants’ survival rates and growth. However, plants grown in the creosote-contaminated soil displayed a 99% survival rate, whereas plants cultivated in the diesel-contaminated soil showed a 22−59% survival rate. Low plant density resulted in a higher survival rate and growth than in the other two density treatments. In contrast, the medium- and high-density treatments did not affect the plant survival rate and growth to a greater extent, particularly in contaminated soil treatments. The effects of clonal variation on the survival rate, growth, and Fv/Fm values were evident in all treatments. The results suggested that hybrid aspen clones 14 and 291, and European aspen clone R3 were suitable candidates for the phytoremediation experiment, as they demonstrated reasonable survival rates, growth, and Fv/Fm values across all treatments. A superior survival rate for clone 291, height and diameter growth, and stem dry biomass production for clone 14 were observed in all soil treatments. Overall, a reasonable survival rate (~75%) and Fv/Fm value (>0.75) for all plants in all treatments, indicating European aspen and hybrid aspen have considerable potential for phytoremediation experiments. As the experiment was set up for a limited period, this study deserves further research to verify the growth potential of different hybrid aspen and European aspen clones in different soil and density treatment for the effective phytoremediation process to remediate the contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80100 Joensuu, Finland;
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, Finland; (A.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Wen Ruhui
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, Finland; (A.S.); (P.P.)
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80100 Joensuu, Finland;
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 80100 Joensuu, Finland; (A.S.); (P.P.)
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Ramírez-Morales D, Fajardo-Romero D, Rodríguez-Rodríguez CE, Cedergreen N. Single and mixture toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:714-724. [PMID: 35348978 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants represent uncommon targets to evaluate pharmaceuticals toxicity. In this work, Lemna minor was employed as a plant model to determine the toxicity of selected pharmaceuticals, and to assay if such toxicity could be predicted by QSAR models based on green algae. Among eight compounds, measurable toxicity was determined for ketoprofen (EC50 = 11.8 ± 1.9 mg/L), fluoxetine (EC50 = 27.0 ± 8.7 mg/L) and clindamycin 2-phosphate (EC50 = 57.7 ± 1.7 mg/L). Even though a correlation of r2 = 0.87 was observed between experimental toxicity towards algae and L. minor, QSAR estimations based on algae data poorly predicted the toxicity of pharmaceuticals on the plant. More experimental data for L. minor are necessary to determine the applicability of these predictions; nonetheless, these results remark the importance of measuring experimental ecotoxicological parameters for individual taxa. The toxicity of pharmaceutical binary mixtures (ketoprofen, fluoxetine and clindamycin) revealed in some cases deviations from the concentration addition model; nonetheless these deviations were small, thus the interactions are unlikely to be of severe biological significance. Moreover, the EC50 concentrations determined for these pharmaceuticals are significantly higher than those detected in the environment, suggesting that acute effects on L. minor would not take place at ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Ramírez-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Daniela Fajardo-Romero
- Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Nina Cedergreen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Li R, Luo C, Qiu J, Li Y, Zhang H, Tan H. Metabolomic and transcriptomic investigation of the mechanism involved in enantioselective toxicity of imazamox in Lemna minor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127818. [PMID: 34875416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Imazamox (IM) is a chiral pesticide that has been widely used in agriculture. Currently, few studies have investigated the toxicity mechanisms of imazamox to aquatic macrophyte from the enantiomer level. In this study, the enantioselective effects of IM on the toxicity and physiological and biochemical system of aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor were systematically investigated. Metabolomic and transcriptomic for Lemna minor were used to identify potential mechanisms of toxicity. 7 d EC50s for racemic-, R-, and S-IM were 0.036, 0.035, and 0.203 mg/L, respectively, showing enantioselective toxicity. In addition, IM caused Lemna minor lipid peroxidation and antioxidant damage, and inhibited the activities of the target enzymes. Metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that R-IM interferenced differentially expressed genes and metabolites of Lemna minor which were enriched in carbon fixation during photosynthesis, glutathione metabolic pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, zeatin biosynthesis, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. S-IM affected phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Racemic-IM influenced carbon fixation during operation, glutathione metabolic pathway, zeatin biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathway. The results provide new insights into the enantioselective toxicity mechanisms of IM to Lemna minor, and lay the foundation for conducting environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Luo
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Qiu
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfu Li
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi key laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Biczak R, Pawłowska B. Reaction of spring barley seedlings and H. incongruens crustaceans to the presence of acetylsalicylic acid in soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 302:113936. [PMID: 34700078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the more commonly used analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory as well as anticoagulant drugs available in the OTC (over the counter) segment. Due to the considerable use of this drug, an attempt was made to determine the effect of ASA on the crustacean Heterocypris incongruens and the monocotyledonous plant spring barley. The tested compounds were introduced into soil in which these organisms "lived". The study showed that ASA had an adverse effect on seed germination potential as well as a negative effect on spring barley growth; however, and photosynthetic pigments content was observed only at the highest concentrations of the studied compounds. ASA did not cause oxidative stress in plants but did also cause disturbances in the growth of H. incongruens, without causing their mortality. As a result, ASA may have certain negative effects on both crustaceans and monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Biczak
- Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, The Faculty of Science and Technology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland.
| | - Barbara Pawłowska
- Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, The Faculty of Science and Technology, 13/15 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200, Częstochowa, Poland
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Madikizela LM, Botha TL, Kamika I, Msagati TAM. Uptake, Occurrence, and Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Analgesics in Plants and Edible Crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:34-45. [PMID: 34967604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant uptake of pharmaceuticals that include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics from contaminated environment has benefits and drawbacks. These pharmaceuticals enter plants mostly through irrigation with contaminated water and application of sewage sludge as soil fertilizer. Aquatic plants withdraw these pharmaceuticals from water through their roots. Numerous studies have observed the translocation of these pharmaceuticals from the roots into the aerial tissues. Furthermore, the occurrence of the metabolites of NSAIDs in plants has been observed. This article provides an in-depth critical review of the plant uptake of NSAIDs and analgesics, their translocation, and toxic effects on plant species. In addition, the occurrence of metabolites of NSAIDs in plants and the application of constructed wetlands using plants for remediation are reviewed. Factors that affect the plant uptake and translocation of these pharmaceuticals are examined. Gaps and future research are provided to guide forthcoming investigations on important aspects that worth explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mzukisi Madikizela
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Tarryn Lee Botha
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Ilunga Kamika
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
| | - Titus Alfred M Msagati
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa
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Yan Q, Xu Y, Chen L, Cao Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Yu Y, Fang C, Zhu Z, Feng G, Chen M. Irrigation with secondary municipal-treated wastewater: Potential effects, accumulation of typical antibiotics and grain quality responses in rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124655. [PMID: 33257130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using secondary treated wastewater to irrigate paddies presents an exposure pathway for antibiotics to enter the terrestrial food chain. To date, there has been no information on the biochemical reactions and antibiotic uptake in rice plants irrigated with secondary treated wastewater. The present study investigated antibiotic uptake and concentration-response trends in rice tissues and evaluated the effects of typical antibiotics (tetracycline, roxithromycin, ofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole) on rice growth, grain yield and quality, and rice physiobiochemical characters via irrigation using treated wastewater augmented with varying concentrations (0-500 µg/L) in paddies. The results showed that the antibiotic accumulation in rice plants irrigated with treated wastewater was limited, and the studied antibiotics were not detected in rice grains (edible parts). The ability of rice to withstand certain antibiotics and grow in a healthy manner is attributed to the capacity to maintain reasonably normal photosynthesis activity and to elevate antioxidative defenses. The highest antibiotic concentration (500 µg/L) did not reduce the processing quality of the rice grain, but it enhanced the cooking and eating quality. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that secondary treated wastewater for paddy irrigation is an alternative water resource securing protection from the environment and rice grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yuan Xu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Long Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyun Cao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yafang Shao
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yonghong Yu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - ZhiWei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Mingxue Chen
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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Wijaya L, Alyemeni M, Ahmad P, Alfarhan A, Barcelo D, El-Sheikh MA, Pico Y. Ecotoxicological Effects of Ibuprofen on Plant Growth of Vigna unguiculata L. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111473. [PMID: 33147697 PMCID: PMC7692049 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of the common pharmaceutical ibuprofen (IBU) in water and sediments worldwide, the effects of IBU on plants are largely unknown. This study was designed to assess the ecotoxicological effects of emerging pharmaceutical pollutant IBU on plant growth and development in a series of toxicity experiments using cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Plant growth parameters (morphological and physicochemical) were investigated under a series of IBU concentrations (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 ppm IBU). IBU exposure reduced the shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights, leaf area, and chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll, mineral (K and Mg), glutathione reductase, and soluble protein contents. Simultaneously, increases in Ca and Mn contents, sodium translocation from roots to shoots, H2O2, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and IBU uptake were observed. The amount of bioaccumulated IBU varied between 7% and 8%. IBU was translocated from roots to shoots with a translocation factor of 3-16%. The IC50 values for biomass and plant length were 1253 and 1955 ppm IBU, respectively, which is much higher than the reported levels of IBU in the environment. This study demonstrates that cowpea plants develop several morphological and physicochemical adaptations to cope under ibuprofen stress; environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU are unlikely to produce negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Wijaya
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (M.A.E.-S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-11-4675873
| | - Mohammed Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (M.A.E.-S.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (M.A.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (M.A.E.-S.)
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (M.A.E.-S.)
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (P.A.); (A.A.); (D.B.); (M.A.E.-S.)
| | - Yolanda Pico
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre CIDE (CSIC-UV-GV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;
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Korekar G, Kumar A, Ugale C. Occurrence, fate, persistence and remediation of caffeine: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34715-34733. [PMID: 31811612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have gained attention in recent years due to their continuous discharge in natural waters. Their persistence in the environment has impacted flora, fauna and human being worldwide. One of the most common PPCPs is caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) which acts as a stimulant to the central nervous system in humans and is found in nature in about 60 plant species, especially in coffee, tea and cacao plants. Here we discuss the evidence with respect to caffeine occurrence, its persistence and remediation in light of increasing knowledge and the impact of caffeine on the environment. Daily intake of caffeine around the world is found to increase due to the frequent introduction of new caffeinated beverages as well as increased consumption of coffee, tea and carbonated soft drinks, which has led to increase in its concentration in water bodies including agricultural soil. The caffeine concentration in different water system, studied by various authors is also described. Diverse effects of the use of caffeine on several organisms including humans are also briefly presented. Therefore, urgent attention for the removal of caffeine and its derivatives is the need of the hour. Various methods described in literature for caffeine degradation/removal is also presented. Another widely used technique in environmental remediation is molecular imprinting (MIP); however, only few MIPs have been demonstrated for caffeine which is also discussed. Regular monitoring can be useful to control toxic effects of caffeine. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Korekar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
| | - Chetna Ugale
- Department of Botany, Indira Mahavidyalaya Kalamb, Dist. Yavatmal, Maharashtra, 445401, India
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Sharma N, Barion G, Shrestha I, Ebinezer LB, Trentin AR, Vamerali T, Mezzalira G, Masi A, Ghisi R. Accumulation and effects of perfluoroalkyl substances in three hydroponically grown Salix L. species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110150. [PMID: 31951898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of young rooted cuttings of three Salix L. species plants to accumulate a mixture of eleven perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), in particular, perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), from the nutrient solution and their effects on plant growth and photosynthesis were assessed in an 8-day experiment. The growth rate of the willow plants exposed to the PFAA mixture was not much affected except for S. triandra. Regarding photosynthesis, the gas exchange parameters were affected more than those related to chlorophyll fluorescence, with significant increase of the net CO2 assimilation rate and parameters related to stomatal conductance. A decreasing trend in the PFAA concentration in leaves with increasing carbon chain length was observed, whereas long-chain PFAAs showed higher concentrations in roots. Accordingly, the foliage to root concentration factor highlighted that PFAAs with shorter carbon chain length (C ≤ 7) translocated and accumulated relatively more in leaves compared to roots. Removal efficiency of individual PFAAs for leaves and roots were comparatively higher with S. eleagnos and S. purpurea than S. triandra, with mean removal values at the whole plant level ranging around 10% of the amount initially spiked, suggesting their potential for phytoremediation of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sharma
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barion
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Inisa Shrestha
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Leonard Barnabas Ebinezer
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Teofilo Vamerali
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Rossella Ghisi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Italy
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Rasheed F, Zafar Z, Waseem ZA, Rafay M, Abdullah M, Salam MMA, Mohsin M, Khan WR. Phytoaccumulation of Zn, Pb, and Cd in Conocarpus lancifolius irrigated with wastewater: does physiological response influence heavy metal uptake? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:287-294. [PMID: 31468990 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1658711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Conocarpus lancifolius is a fast-growing and drought tolerant tree species with phytoremediation potential in arid environments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytoaccumulation potential under wastewater treatment. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse where 3-month-old seedlings were irrigated with industrial wastewater and growth, biomass and physiological parameters were measured. Concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in leaves, shoots, and roots along with translocation and tolerance index were also determined. The results showed that under wastewater treatment total biomass increased from 24.2 to 31.5 g, net CO2 assimilation rate increased from 9.93 to 13.3 μmol m-2 s-1, and water use efficiency increased from 1.7 to 2.42. Similarly, heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) accumulation in stem, leaves, and roots increased significantly under wastewater treatment where the highest concentration of Zn, Pb and Cd was found in roots followed by leaves and stem, respectively. Tolerance index was found >1, and translocation factor of all heavy metals was found >1. The study revealed that phytoaccumulation potential of C. lancifolius was mainly driven by improved net CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zikria Zafar
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Waseem
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Rage Management and Wildlife, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Waseem Razzaq Khan
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Salam MMA, Mohsin M, Kaipiainen E, Villa A, Kuittinen S, Pulkkinen P, Pelkonen P, Pappinen A. Biomass growth variation and phytoextraction potential of four Salix varieties grown in contaminated soil amended with lime and wood ash. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1329-1340. [PMID: 31274011 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) uptake by four Salix cultivars grown in Cu and Zn contaminated soils collected from a mining area in Finland were tested to assess their suitability for phytoextraction. The cultivars displayed tolerance to heavily contaminated soils throughout the experiment. After uptake, total mean Cu concentrations in the leaves, shoots and roots in all cultivars and treatments ranged from 163 to 474 mg kg-1 and mean Zn concentrations ranged from 776 to 1823 mg kg-1. Lime and wood ash addition increased dry biomass growth (25-43%), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values (3-6%), the translocation factor (TF) (15-60% for Cu; 10-25% for Zn), the bio-concentration factor (BCF) (40-85% for Cu; 70-120% for Zn), and metal uptake (55-70% for Cu; 50-65% for Zn) compared to unamended treatment across all cultivars. The results revealed that Salix cultivars have the potential to take up and accumulate significant amounts of Cu and Zn. Cultivar Klara (Salix viminalis × S. schwerinii × S. dasyclados) was found to be the most effective cultivar for phytoextraction since it displayed greater dry biomass production, Fv/Fm, TF, BCF values and uptake percentage rates of Cu and Zn compared to the other three cultivars. This study indicates that further research is needed to clarify the wider phytoextraction capabilities of different Salix cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Erik Kaipiainen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Aki Villa
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuittinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - Paavo Pelkonen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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Salam MMA, Mohsin M, Pulkkinen P, Pelkonen P, Pappinen A. Effects of soil amendments on the growth response and phytoextraction capability of a willow variety (S. viminalis × S. schwerinii × S. dasyclados) grown in contaminated soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 171:753-770. [PMID: 30660969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of lime and bisphosphonates (BPs) such as N10O chelate amendment on the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, and phytoextraction potential of the willow variety Klara (Salix viminalis × S. schwerinii × S. dasyclados) grown in soils heavily contaminated with copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). The plants were irrigated with tap or processed water (mine wastewater). The results suggest that the combined effects of the contaminated soil and processed water inhibited growth parameters, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, organic acids, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and the accumulation of metals/metalloids in the plant tissues were increased compared to the control. When the soil was supplemented with lime and N10O; growth, physiological, biochemical parameters, and resistance capacity were significantly higher compared to unamended soil treatments, especially in the contaminated soil treatments. The combined lime‒ and N10O‒amended soil treatment produced higher growth rates, resistance capacity, photosynthesis rates and phytoextraction efficiency levels relative to either the lime‒amended or the N10O‒amended soil treatments. This study provides practical evidence of the efficient chelate‒assisted phytoextraction capability of Klara and highlights its potential as a viable and inexpensive novel approach for in situ remediation of Cu‒, Ni‒ and Zn‒contaminated soils and mine wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Haapastensyrjä Research Unit, Haapastensyrjäntie 34, FIN-12600 Läyliäinen, Finland
| | - Paavo Pelkonen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ari Pappinen
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, P.O. Box 111, 80100 Joensuu, Finland
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Zezulka Š, Kummerová M, Babula P, Hájková M, Oravec M. Sensitivity of physiological and biochemical endpoints in early ontogenetic stages of crops under diclofenac and paracetamol treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3965-3979. [PMID: 30552611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early stages of ontogenesis determining subsequent growth, development, and productivity of crops can be affected by wastewater and sludge contaminated with pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac (DCF) and paracetamol (PCT; both 0.0001 to 10 mg/L) did not affect seed germination and primary root length of onion, lettuce, pea, and tomato. Conversely, 20-day-old pea and maize plants exhibited decrease in biomass production, leaf area (by approx. 40% in pea and 70% in maize under 10 mg/L DCF), or content of photosynthetic pigments (by 10% and 60% under 10 mg/L PCT). Quantum yields of photosystem II were reduced only in maize (FV/FM and ΦII by more than 40% under 10 mg/L of both pharmaceuticals). Contents of H2O2 and superoxide increased in roots of both species (more than four times under 10 mg/L PCT in pea). Activities of antioxidant enzymes were elevated in pea under DCF treatments, but decreased in maize under both pharmaceuticals. Oxidative injury of root cells expressed as lowered oxidoreductase activity (MTT assay, by 40% in pea and 80% in maize) and increase in malondialdehyde content (by 60% and 100%) together with the membrane integrity disruption (higher Evans Blue accumulation, by 100% in pea and 300% in maize) confirmed higher sensitivity of maize as a C4 monocot plant to both pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štěpán Zezulka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy (ÚEB-FAR), Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Kummerová
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy (ÚEB-FAR), Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Dep. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Hájková
- Department of Plant Physiology and Anatomy (ÚEB-FAR), Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Brno, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Oravec
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Isotope Analyses, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Franks CG, Pearce DW, Rood SB. A prescription for drug-free rivers: uptake of pharmaceuticals by a widespread streamside willow. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 63:136-147. [PMID: 30421133 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Following human excretion and limited removal with wastewater treatment, pharmaceuticals are accumulating in rivers worldwide. These chemicals can challenge the health of fish and aquatic organisms and since rivers provide drinking water sources, there is concern for cumulative exposure to humans. In this study, we discovered that sandbar willow (Salix exigua), a predominant riparian shrub along streams throughout North America, has the capacity to quickly remove pharmaceuticals from aqueous solutions. Our study tracked [3H]- or [14C]-labeled substances including 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen in oral contraceptives; the antihypertensive, diltiazem (DTZ); and the anti-anxiety drug, diazepam (DZP); and for comparison, atrazine (ATZ), a root-absorbed herbicide. In growth chambers, willow saplings removed 40-80% of the substances from solutions in 24 h. Following uptake, the EE2 and DTZ were retained within the roots, while DZP and ATZ were partly passed on to the shoots. The absorbed EE2 was unextractable and apparently bound to the root tissue, while DTZ, DZP, and ATZ remained largely soluble (extractable). The uptake and translocation of the pharmaceuticals, reflected in the transpiration stream and root concentration factors, were reasonably predicted from their physicochemical properties, including octanol-water partitioning coefficients. These findings suggest the removal of pharmaceuticals as an unrecognized ecosystem service provided by riparian vegetation and especially the inundation tolerant sandbar willow. This encourages the conservation of riparian willows that line riverbanks, to remove pharmaceuticals and other contaminants. This phytoremediation also encourages the preservation of complex, braided channels and islands, which increase the extent of stream shorelines and riparian willows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - David W Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stewart B Rood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Francini A, Mariotti L, Di Gregorio S, Sebastiani L, Andreucci A. Removal of micro-pollutants from urban wastewater by constructed wetlands with Phragmites australis and Salix matsudana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36474-36484. [PMID: 30374713 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the ability to remove micro-pollutants from wastewater using herbaceous species (Phragmites australis L.) and trees (Salix matsudana Koidz.) in constructed wetland (CW) systems. The targets of the study were as follows: (i) pharmaceuticals like diclofenac, ketoprofen, and atenolol; (ii) 4-n-NP (4-n-nonylphenol) and the ethoxylated derivatives monoethoxylated nonylphenol (NP1EO) and diethoxylated nonylphenol (NP2EO); (iii) triclosan, a bactericide used in personal care products. The 12 CW systems, filled with clay and gravel, were irrigated with wastewater from municipal area of Pagnana (Tuscany, Italy) and influent and effluent water samples analyzed periodically by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The removal efficiency of CWs planted with willow and common red ranged from 8.4 up to 100%, with the higher removal efficiency for triclosan. On the contrary, the removal efficiency of NPs and NPEOs appears lower than pharmaceuticals. Data demonstrated that P. australis efficiently removed NP, diclofenac, and atenolol, while S. matsudana preferentially removed NP1EO, NP2EO, ketoprofene, and triclosan. A specific selection of plants used in CWs could be exploited for the removal of specific xenobiotics from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Francini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mariotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Di Gregorio
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, V. L. Ghini 13, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Andreucci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, V. L. Ghini 13, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
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Singh V, Pandey B, Suthar S. Phytotoxicity of amoxicillin to the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza: Growth, oxidative stress, biochemical traits and antibiotic degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018. [PMID: 29529576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing availability of antibiotics in wastewater has created a serious threat to non-target organisms in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of amoxicillin on duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza during a short-term exposure (7 d). The duckweed was exposed to a range of environmentally relevant (0.0001-0.01 mg L-1) and high (0.1 and 1 mg L-1) concentrations of amoxicillin. Subsequently, biomarkers of toxicity such as growth, pigments (Chl a, Chl b and carotenoids), antioxidative enzyme activity (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and ascorbate peroxidases, APX), and biochemical content (protein, lipid and starch) were analysed in their fronds. The high dose (1 mg L-1) of amoxicillin caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in photopigments, protein, starch and lipid content and an increase in carotenoids/total Chl and Chl a/Chl b ratios in fronds of Spirodela polyrhiza. The results showed a shift in biomarkers: a decrease in frond growth and relative growth rate (RGR) (16.2-53.8%) and an increase in the activities (mmol mg protein-1) of CAT (0.021-0.041), APX (0.84-2.49) and SOD (0.12-0.23) in fronds. The significantly (p < 0.05) greater reduction in amoxicillin content in duckweed setups (84.6-100%) than in the control (62.1-73%) suggested that phytodegradation is an important mechanism in removing antibiotics from water, apart from hydrolysis and photodegradation, which occur in control setups. Overall, the results suggested a toxic effect of amoxicillin on Spirodela polyrhiza, even at low concentrations, and nonetheless, the duckweed contributed directly to the degradation of antibiotics in the water and throughout the phytoremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhawna Pandey
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
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21
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Martínez-Hernández V, Leal M, Meffe R, de Miguel A, Alonso-Alonso C, de Bustamante I, Lillo J, Martín I, Salas JJ. Removal of emerging organic contaminants in a poplar vegetation filter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 342:482-491. [PMID: 28866407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation filters (VFs), a type of land application system, are a robust technology based on natural treatment mechanisms for the removal of wastewater contaminants. Their capacity to attenuate emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) has not yet been evaluated. The present study reports the results of a 2-year EOC monitoring carried out using a poplar VF receiving wastewater primarily treated by an Imhoff tank. The compounds selected included analgesics, a β-adrenergic blocker, stimulants, an anticonvulsant, an anti-depressant, an anti-inflammatory, an antibiotic and analgesic and stimulant metabolites. EOCs were analysed in the Imhoff tank effluent, in the infiltrated water at a depth of 90cm and in the groundwater at a depth of 10m. The results demonstrated that EOC attenuation was more significant in the first 90cm than in the rest of the soil profile. The removal efficiency for all of the selected EOCs was higher than 90% with the exception of ketoprofen, which may pose a higher threat of groundwater contamination. The observed attenuation correlated with the hydrophobicity and charge state of the EOCs. The higher persistence of the metabolites 4-AAA and 4-FAA shows that progression in the degradation pathway does not always imply a mitigation of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Leal
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; University of Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Biology and Geology Department, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Meffe
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - A de Miguel
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Department of Water and Food, Droevendaalsesteeg, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - C Alonso-Alonso
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - I de Bustamante
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; University of Alcalá, Geology, Geography and Environment Department Ctra, A-II km 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Lillo
- IMDEA Water Institute, Avda Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; University of Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, Biology and Geology Department, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - I Martín
- Foundation Center of New Water Technologies (CENTA), Autovía Sevilla-Huelva (A-49), Km. 28, 41820, Carrión de los Céspedes, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J J Salas
- Foundation Center of New Water Technologies (CENTA), Autovía Sevilla-Huelva (A-49), Km. 28, 41820, Carrión de los Céspedes, Sevilla, Spain.
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Landa P, Prerostova S, Langhansova L, Marsik P, Vanek T. Transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots to ibuprofen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:695-700. [PMID: 28398082 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1267697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface waters in urban areas are contaminated by ibuprofen (IBP), a popular and extensively used anti-inflammatory drug. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomic response in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. roots with the aim of revealing genes that are potentially involved in IBP detoxification and elucidating the effect of IBP on plants. IBP upregulated 63 and downregulated 38 transcripts (p-value < 0.1, fold change ≥2) after 2-day exposure to a 5-µM (1.03 mg/L) concentration of IBP under hydroponic conditions. Although the IBP concentration used in the experiment was highly relative to the concentrations found in rivers and wastewater, the number of genes with transcriptional changes was relatively low. The upregulation of cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, and UDP-glycosyltransferases indicates the occurrence of IBP oxidation in the first phase, followed by conjugation with glutathione and sugar in the second detoxification phase. ABC transporters could be involved in the transport of IBP and its metabolites. The identification of genes potentially involved in IBP detoxification could be useful in an IBP phytoremediation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Landa
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Prerostova
- b Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
- c Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science , Charles University in Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Langhansova
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsik
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- a Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies , Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i. , Prague , Lysolaje , Czech Republic
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Urbaniak M, Wyrwicka A, Tołoczko W, Serwecińska L, Zieliński M. The effect of sewage sludge application on soil properties and willow (Salix sp.) cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:66-75. [PMID: 28199876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of sewage sludge from three wastewater treatment plants of different sizes (small, medium and large) applied in two doses (3 and 9 tons per hectare) on soil properties, determined as the content of organic carbon and humus fractions, bacterial abundance, phytotoxicity and PCDD/PCDF TEQ concentrations. The study also evaluated the impact of this sewage sludge on the biometric and physiological parameters and detoxification reaction of willow (Salix sp.) as a typical crop used for the remediation of soil following sludge application. The cultivation of willow on soil treated with sludge was found to result in a gradual increase of humus fractions, total organic carbon content and bacterial abundance as well as soil properties measured using Lepidium sativum. However, it also produced an initial increase of soil phytotoxicity, indicated by Sinapis alba and Sorghum sacharatum, and PCDD/PCDF Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) concentrations, which then fell during the course of the experiment, particularly in areas planted by willow. Although the soil phytotoxicity and PCDD/PCDF TEQ content of the sewage sludge-amended soil initially increased, sludge application was found to have a positive influence on willow, probably due to its high nutrient and carbon content. The obtained results reveal increases in willow biomass, average leaf surface area and leaf length as well as chlorophyll a+b content. Moreover, a strong decline was found in the activity of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), a multifunctional enzyme involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in plants, again demonstrating the used sludge had a positive influence on willow performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Urbaniak
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna Wyrwicka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Tołoczko
- Department of Soil Science and Geoecology, Faculty of Geography, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Liliana Serwecińska
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Di Baccio D, Pietrini F, Bertolotto P, Pérez S, Barcelò D, Zacchini M, Donati E. Response of Lemna gibba L. to high and environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen: Removal, metabolism and morpho-physiological traits for biomonitoring of emerging contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:363-373. [PMID: 28104333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing worldwide consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products such as ibuprofen (IBU) is leading to the widespread and persistent occurrence of these chemicals and their transformation products in soils and waters. Although at low concentrations, the continuous discharge of these micropollutants and the incomplete removal by the actual wastewater treatments can provoke accumulation in the environment with risks for the trophic chain. Non-target organisms as duckweed can be used for the environmental monitoring of pharmaceutical emerging contaminants. In this work, plants of Lemna gibba L. were exposed to high (0.20 and 1mgL-1) and environmentally relevant (0.02mgL-1) concentrations of IBU to investigate their removal and metabolization capacity. The main oxidized IBU metabolites in humans (hydroxy-IBU and carboxy-IBU) were determined in the intact plants and in the growth solutions, together with non-destructive physiological parameters and phytotoxic indicators. The IBU uptake increased with the increasing of IBU concentration in the medium, but the relative accumulation of the pharmaceutical and generation of hydroxy-IBU was higher in presence of the lower IBU treatments. Carboxy-IBU was not found in the plant tissue and solutions. The changes observed in growth and photosynthetic performances were not able to induce phyto-toxic effects. Apart from a mean physical-chemical degradation of 8.2%, the IBU removal by plants was highly efficient (89-92.5%) in all the conditions tested, highlighting the role of L. gibba in the biodegradation of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Di Baccio
- Institute of Agroenvironmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - F Pietrini
- Institute of Agroenvironmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - P Bertolotto
- Institute of Agroenvironmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - S Pérez
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barcelò
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Zacchini
- Institute of Agroenvironmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
| | - E Donati
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
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25
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Pierattini EC, Francini A, Raffaelli A, Sebastiani L. Morpho-physiological response of Populus alba to erythromycin: A timeline of the health status of the plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:540-547. [PMID: 27366984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Populus alba Villafranca clone was chosen for a proof of concept study to determine the potential uptake and accumulation of antibiotics by trees. Plants were grown hydroponically and irrigated with a recirculating Hoagland's nutrient solution (control) and Hoagland's nutrient solution fortified with erythromycin at 0.01, 0.1 and 1mgL(-1). After 3 and 28days of treatment, poplar plants were separated into roots, stem, and leaves. Plants showed good health all over the period of treatment, and no differences in poplar growth for all the concentrations of erythromycin tested were observed. Quantification of erythromycin was performed using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in positive ion mode using multiple reaction ion monitoring. Erythromycin was detected in all organs analyzed. Roots showed an erythromycin concentration tenfold higher than leaves. The photochemical efficiency of photosystem II did not show a dose-dependant trend. From the quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence, low nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and high photochemical quenching (qP) for the first week of erythromycin exposure was observed, depending on leaves position along the stem. Results suggest a short term adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of Populus alba in response to environmental realistic erythromycin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Carla Pierattini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Francini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Raffaelli
- CNR - Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
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26
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Wang W, Wu Y, Akbar S, Jia X, He Z, Tian X. Effect of heavy metals combined stress on growth and metals accumulation of three Salix species with different cutting position. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2016; 18:761-767. [PMID: 26709734 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1131237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare growth performance and heavy metal (HM) accumulation at different cutting positions of Salix species grown in multi-metal culture. Three Salix species stems cut at different positions (apical to basal) were grown hydroponically for four weeks. The plants were then treated for three weeks with 0, 5, 10, and 20 μM Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, resulting in total metal concentrations of 0, 20, 40, and 80 μM. The growth parameters and HM content in shoots and initial cutting were measured. Results showed that, compared with S. fragilis, S. matsudana grew more poorly in uncontaminated condition but grew better and accumulated lower metal in shoots under mixed HM treatment. In addition, cuttings from apical parent stem position exhibited poorer growth performance before and after treatment, as well as greater metal content in shoots than base parts under the HM treatment. These results suggest that S. matsudana may undergo a special mechanism to hinder metals in the initial cutting, thus mitigating growth damage. The apical portion also showed poor resistance against the invasion of mixed HMs because of the immature structure. Therefore, in the selection of phytoremediation plants, metal accumulation ability is not proportional to growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- a School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Yajing Wu
- a School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Siddiq Akbar
- a School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xiuqin Jia
- a School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Zaihua He
- a School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- a School of Life Science, Nanjing University , Nanjing , PR China
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27
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Pierattini EC, Francini A, Raffaelli A, Sebastiani L. Degradation of exogenous caffeine by Populus alba and its effects on endogenous caffeine metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:7298-7307. [PMID: 26681326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study reporting the presence of endogenous caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in all organs of poplar plants. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used in order to evaluate the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of caffeine-(trimethyl-(13)C) in Populus alba L. Villafranca clone grown in hydroponic conditions. We investigated the remediation of caffeine since it is one of the most widely consumed drugs and it is frequently detected in wastewater treatment plant effluents, surface water, and groundwater worldwide. Our results demonstrated that poplar can absorb and degrade exogenous caffeine without negative effects on plant health. Data showed that concentrations of all endogenous compounds varied depending on caffeine-(trimethyl-(13)C) treatments. In particular, in control conditions, endogenous caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline were mainly distributed in roots. On the other hand, once caffeine-(trimethyl-(13)C) was provided, this compound and its dimethy-(13)C metabolites are mainly localized at leaf level. In conclusion, our results support the possible use of Villafranca clone in association with other water treatment systems in order to complete the process of caffeine remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika C Pierattini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Francini
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Raffaelli
- CNR-Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Sebastiani
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
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28
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Bártíková H, Podlipná R, Skálová L. Veterinary drugs in the environment and their toxicity to plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2290-2301. [PMID: 26606183 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Veterinary drugs used for treatment and prevention of diseases in animals represent important source of environmental pollution due to intensive agri- and aquaculture production. The drugs can reach environment through the treatment processes, inappropriate disposal of used containers, unused medicine or livestock feed, and manufacturing processes. Wide scale of veterinary pharmaceuticals e.g. antibiotics, antiparasitic and antifungal drugs, hormones, anti-inflammatory drugs, anaesthetics, sedatives etc. enter the environment and may affect non-target organisms including plants. This review characterizes the commonly used drugs in veterinary practice, outlines their behaviour in the environment and summarizes available information about their toxic effect on plants. Significant influence of many antibiotics and hormones on plant developmental and physiological processes have been proved. However, potential phytotoxicity of other veterinary drugs has been studied rarely, although knowledge of phytotoxicity of veterinary drugs may help predict their influence on biodiversity and improve phytoremediation strategies. Moreover, additional topics such as long term effect of low doses of drugs and their metabolites, behaviour of mixture of veterinary drugs and other chemicals in ecosystems should be more thoroughly investigated to obtain complex information on the impact of veterinary drugs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bártíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, Praha 6, CZ-165 02, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové, CZ-500 05, Czech Republic.
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29
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Yan Q, Feng G, Gao X, Sun C, Guo JS, Zhu Z. Removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and toxicological response of Cyperus alternifolius exposed to PhACs in microcosm constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 301:566-575. [PMID: 26465971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of selected four pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) (carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin, and roxithromycin) on the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes of Cyperus alternifolius in constructed wetlands (CWs). Moreover, the removal and kinetics of PhACs in CWs were evaluated to explore the related removal mechanisms. Results showed that C. alternifolius can uptake and withstand certain PhACs. The PhAC tolerance of C. alternifolius might be attributed to their capacity to maintain relatively normal photosynthetic activity and elevated antioxidative defense. CWs offered comparable or even higher removal efficiencies for the selected PhACs compared with conventional WWTPs. The removal of the target PhACs was enhanced in the planted CWs versus the unplanted CWs mostly because of plant uptake and rhizosphere effects. In particular, carbamazepine, which is considered the most recalcitrant of the PhACs, was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The removal of target PhACs fitted into two distinct periods. The initial fast step (within the first 2 h) was essentially attributed to the adsorption onto the CW medium surface. The subsequent slow process (2-12 h) closely followed first-order kinetics probably because of the interaction between microorganisms and plants. The obtained results indicate that C. alternifolius can phytoremediate PhAC-contaminated waters in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Guozhong Feng
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
| | - Xu Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chengxiao Sun
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jin-song Guo
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Rice (Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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30
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Pietrini F, Di Baccio D, Aceña J, Pérez S, Barceló D, Zacchini M. Ibuprofen exposure in Lemna gibba L.: Evaluation of growth and phytotoxic indicators, detection of ibuprofen and identification of its metabolites in plant and in the medium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:189-193. [PMID: 26184801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBU) is detected worldwide in water bodies due to the incomplete removal by wastewater treatments. Contrasting results have been reported on the toxicity of IBU on aquatic biomonitor plants such as duckweed, and no data about IBU detection and metabolism in plants has been reported. In this work, the effects of 1 mg L(-1) IBU on Lemna gibba L. were monitored in an 8-day laboratory test. In particular, an increase in frond number (+12%) and multiplication rate (+10%) while no variations in photosynthetic pigment content were observed. Moreover, UPLC-HRMS analysis of the presence of IBU and its metabolites in plants and in the growth medium was performed. The results showed that, besides IBU, 11 IBU metabolites were detected in plants. Among the IBU metabolites, hydroxyl- and dihydroxyl-IBU were found, whereas carboxyl-IBU was undetectable. Interestingly, some IBU metabolites were detected in the plant growth solution at the end of the IBU treatment, while no IBU products were found in the IBU solution without plants, suggesting a role for L. gibba in IBU metabolism. The findings of this work represent an important step for a better evaluation of the effects of IBU and its metabolites in duckweed, with notable implications for the eco-toxicological assessment of IBU in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pietrini
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - D Di Baccio
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - J Aceña
- Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Pérez
- Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Zacchini
- Institute of Agro-environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
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31
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Pietrini F, Iori V, Bianconi D, Mughini G, Massacci A, Zacchini M. Assessment of physiological and biochemical responses, metal tolerance and accumulation in two eucalypt hybrid clones for phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated waters. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 162:221-31. [PMID: 26253590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus is a promising species for ecological restoration but plant performances under environmental constraints need to be better investigated. In particular, the toxic effects of metals on this plant species are poorly described in the literature. In this work, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses to cadmium were analysed in two eucalypt genotypes (hybrid clones of Eucalyptus camaldulensis × Eucalyptus globulus ssp. bicostata J.B. Kirkp named Velino ex 7 and Viglio ex 358) exposed for 3 weeks to 50 μM CdSO4 under hydroponics. The two eucalypt clones showed a different sensitivity to the metal. The growth reduction caused by cadmium was less than 30% in clone Velino and about 50% in clone Viglio. Cadmium mostly accumulated in plant roots and, to a lesser extent, in stem, as highlighted by the low translocation factor (Tf) measured in both clones. Net photosynthesis measurement, chlorophyll fluorescence images, transpiration values and chlorophyll content revealed a cadmium-induced impairment of physiological processes at the leaf level, which was more evident in clone Viglio. Metal binding and antioxidative compound content was differentially affected by cadmium exposure in the two eucalypt clones. Particularly, the content of thiols like cysteine and glutathione, organic acids like oxalate and citrate, and polyamines were markedly modulated in plant organs by metal treatment and highlighted different defence responses between the clones. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation ability of the eucalypt clones were evaluated and the potential of E. camaldulensis for the reclamation of metal polluted-waters is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pietrini
- Institute of Agro-environment and Forest Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Iori
- Institute of Agro-environment and Forest Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Bianconi
- Institute of Agro-environment and Forest Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mughini
- Research Unit for Intensive Wood Production, The Agricultural Research Council (CRA), Via Valle della Quistione, 27, 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Angelo Massacci
- Institute of Agro-environment and Forest Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Zacchini
- Institute of Agro-environment and Forest Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Via Salaria Km. 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
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32
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González-Naranjo V, Boltes K, de Bustamante I, Palacios-Diaz P. Environmental risk of combined emerging pollutants in terrestrial environments: chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:6920-6931. [PMID: 25471719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment in terrestrial environments has been scarcely studied for mixtures of organic contaminants. To estimate toxicity due to these compounds, an ecotoxicological test may be done with the appropriate organism and biomarker. Photosynthesis is principally performed at photosystem II, and its efficiency is affected by any environmental stress. Consequently, the measure of this efficiency may be a good indicator of toxicity if different parameters are employed, e.g., the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and the photochemical quenching coefficient. We did a series of assays to determine the toxicity of two organic contaminants, ibuprofen and perfluorooctanoic acid, using a higher plant (Sorghum bicolor). The results showed more toxicity for the perfluorinated compound and greater sensibility for the quantum efficiency of photosystem II. Regarding the binary combination, three methods were applied to calculate EC50: combination index, concentration addition, and independent action. Synergistic behavior is the principal toxicological profile for this mix. Therefore, the combination index, which considers interactions among chemicals, gave the best estimation to determine risk indices. We conclude that the inhibition of photosynthesis efficiency can be a useful tool to determine the toxicity of the mixtures of organic pollutants and to estimate ecological risks in terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor González-Naranjo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, 28771, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain,
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