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Farooq TH, Bukhari MA, Irfan MS, Rafay M, Shakoor A, Rashid MHU, Lin Y, Saqib M, Malik Z, Khurshid N. Effect of Exogenous Application of Nicotinic Acid on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Hordeum vulgare L. under Water Stress. Plants 2022; 11:plants11182443. [PMID: 36145842 PMCID: PMC9505083 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as high temperature and drought conditions, greatly influence the development of plants and the quality and quantity of products. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop production is largely impacted by drought, affecting growth, yield, and ultimately the productivity of the crop in hot arid/semi-arid conditions. The current pot experiment was directed to observe the outcome of nicotinic acid (NA) treatments on barley’s physiological, biochemical, and production attributes at two capacity levels, i.e., 100% normal range and withholding water stress. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used during the experimentation with the two-factor factorial arrangement. NA was applied exogenously by two different methods, i.e., foliar and soil application (fertigation). NA solution contained various application levels, such as T1 = control, foliar applications (T2 = 0.7368 gL−1, T3 = 1.477 gL−1, T4 = 2.2159 gL−1), and soil applications (T5 = 0.4924 gL−1, T6 = 0.9848 gL−1, and T7 = 1.4773 gL−1). Results depicted that, overall, foliar treatments showed better effects than control and soil treatments. Plant growth was preeminent under T4 treatment, such as plant height (71.07 cm), relative water content (84.0%), leaf water potential (39.73-MPa), leaf area index (36.53 cm2), biological yield (15.10 kgha−1), grain yield (14.40 kgha−1), harvest index (57.70%), catalase (1.54 mmolg−1FW−1), peroxidase (1.90 g−1FWmin−1), and superoxide dismutase (52.60 µgFW−1) were superior under T4 treatment. Soil plant analysis development (54.13 µgcm−2) value was also higher under T4 treatment and lowest under T7 treatment. In conclusion, NA-treated plants were more successful in maintaining growth attributes than non-treated plants; therefore, the NA foliar treatment at the rate of 2.2159 gL−1 is suggested to find economical crop yield under drought conditions. The present study would contribute significantly to improving the drought tolerance potential of barley through exogenous NA supply in water deficit areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.F.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.H.F.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Irfan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (T.H.F.); (M.A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland
| | | | - Yang Lin
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Khurshid
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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Bukhari MA, Yousaf M, Ahmad Z, Rafay M, Shah AN, Abbas A, Shah AA, Javed T, Afzal M, Ali S, Abdullah MIB. Enhancing drought stress tolerance in Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) through exogenous application of potassium. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13779. [PMID: 36087099 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed under controlled conditions to study the effects of exogenous potassium application on carotenoid contents and drought tolerance in Camelina. Water deficit levels such as 100% FC (control) and 40% FC (drought stress) were imposed after germination of Camelina plants grown to maturity, and different treatments of exogenous K+ were applied at the vegetative stage. We have reported 17 traits of plant growth, physiology, antioxidant enzyme activity, focusing on carotenoids in Camelina to explore their potential yield and yield components. For this purpose, we used multivariate analysis techniques (descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, analysis of variance [ANOVA] and principal components analysis [PCA] to determine the best relation between potassium and studied traits). The results showed a large number of variations in the studied trait under control and water deficit condition. Plant fresh weight (g) was negatively correlated with shoot length and SOD insignificantly correlated with plant fresh weight (g) under water deficit conditions. Potassium loading predicted that foliar application (3 mM K2 SO4 ), foliar application (6 mM KNO3 ), foliar application (12 mM KNO3 ) and foliar application (12 mM K2 SO4 ) are the important doses that contribute the most to enhance the growth, physiological and biochemical activities and carotenoids to improve the Camelina yield under water deficit condition. These doses should be considered in the future to improve the Camelina yield under semi-arid conditions with increased genetic diversity (varietal selection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Group of Colleges Bahawalpur, University Campus, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry Range and Wildlife Management, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asad Abbas
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Plant Production, Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arab, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sikandar Ali
- Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa I B Abdullah
- Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Department Agricultural Botany, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Malik Z, Afzal S, Dawood M, Abbasi GH, Khan MI, Kamran M, Zhran M, Hayat MT, Aslam MN, Rafay M. Exogenous melatonin mitigates chromium toxicity in maize seedlings by modulating antioxidant system and suppresses chromium uptake and oxidative stress. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1451-1469. [PMID: 33797671 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, being an endogenous signaling molecule plays important role in plant growth and stress alleviation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of melatonin against Cr toxicity in maize seedlings. The Cr toxicity (50, 100 and 200 µM) severely affected hydroponically grown seedlings growth in a dose-dependent manner; however, the melatonin (0.5 and 1.0 µM) application markedly restored toxicity-induced growth retardation. Higher dose of melatonin (1.0 µM) was more effective in case of lower Cr toxicity (50 and 100 µM). Exposure of 200 µM Cr caused 45% and 43% reduction in shoot and root lengths and more than 80% reduction in biomass. In case of 200 µM Cr toxicity, application of 1.0 µM MT effectively restored shoot and root lengths reduction (from 45 to 30%) and biomass decline (from 80 to around 60%). Biomass restoration by 1.0 µM melatonin under 50 and 100 µM Cr was even more pronounced bringing it near to control plants having no Cr exposure. Further, both melatonin levels also improved root tips, root diameter, root volume and root surface area that had been damaged by Cr exposure. The melatonin also alleviated Cr-induced chlorophyll and carotenoids inhibition, improved relative water content, and markedly lowered proline and MDA content in shoots. Lower accumulation of MDA and proline, and greater membrane stability indices indicate that the melatonin conferred better plant growth by playing the role of antioxidant and detoxifying oxidative stress creating substances. Although antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities were also elevated by MT, this increase was not significantly different in the most of cases. No significant difference in NPK contents of shoot was observed by Cr and melatonin application indicating the growth retardation being caused directly by Cr intrinsic toxicity and not by nutrients deficiency. The melatonin-based amelioration of Cr toxicity in maize seedlings seems as the result of its nature as antioxidant, and not by activation/elevation of antioxidative enzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Afzal
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ghulam Hassan Abbasi
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mostafa Zhran
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Soil and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abou-Zaabl, 13759, Egypt
| | - Malik Tahir Hayat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Aslam
- Department of Plant Pathology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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Farooq TH, Rafay M, Basit H, Shakoor A, Shabbir R, Riaz MU, Ali B, Kumar U, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M. Morpho-physiological growth performance and phytoremediation capabilities of selected xerophyte grass species toward Cr and Pb stress. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:997120. [PMID: 36160978 PMCID: PMC9493271 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.997120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Being sessile organisms, plants cannot escape unwanted changes in the environment. The rapid human population explosion caused significant environmental problems. Heavy metals produced through various sources can cause severe damage to living organisms. The study was planned to evaluate four grass species' morpho-physiological growth characteristics and phytoremediation capabilities under chromium (Cr) and lead stress (Pb) in the arid climate. Typha angustifolia, Tragus roxburghii, Aeluropus logopoides, and Cenchrus ciliaris grass species were used for the study. One-year-old stubbles from the Cholistan desert were used for the experiment. Cr treatments in the form of K2Cr2O7 were applied at 0, 20, 40, and 80 mg L-1, whereas Pb was applied as PbCl2 at 0, 50, 200, and 500 mg L-1 as control, low, moderate and high-stress, respectively. After 6 weeks of heavy metals treatments, plants were harvested and analyzed for growth performance and phytoremediation capabilities. Results depicted that, regarding morphological attributes, T. angustifolia performed better, followed by C. ciliaris; no clear pattern was observed for T. roxburghii and A. logopoides. The CO2 assimilation rate (Co2d) and water use efficiency (WUE) increased as the heavy metal stress increased in all species under both metals. In contrast, total chlorophyll content was higher under low stress. Other physiological parameters, such as relative humidity (RHd), net photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and membrane stability index (MSI) gradually decreased as the Cr, and Pb stress levels increased among all the species. Moreover, Cr and Pb absorption contents of T. angustifolia were higher than the other three species at each stress level. Overall, T. angustifolia thrived against heavy metals stress and showed higher biomass, maximum photosynthetic measurements, WUE and higher metal absorption among all the selected species. Results concluded that although all the selected species behaved fine under stress conditions, T. angustifolia performance was better; thus, it can be used to remediate the soil near industrial estates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Taimoor Hassan Farooq,
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Basit
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co., Wexford, Ireland
| | - Rubab Shabbir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Seed Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Riaz
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uttam Kumar
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Mariusz Jaremko,
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Rafay M, Gulzar F, Jafri HM, Sharif S. Delayed Presentation in Chiari Malformation. Asian J Neurosurg 2021; 16:701-705. [PMID: 35071065 PMCID: PMC8751530 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_120_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chiari malformations are a group of clinicopathological entities with a variety of clinical presentations, different pathophysiology, and variable outcomes. It has a typical set of clinical presentation. In this study is to observe the different clinical presentations of the patients with Chiari malformation in our population. As the time of initial presentation is delayed that might change the sign and symptoms with which patient initially presents. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study with prospectively collected data of 46 patients with Chiari malformation. The duration of the study is from 2017 to 2020. Patient's data will be compiled and analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Qualitative variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Quantitative variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Effect modifiers are controlled through stratification. The Chi-square test is used for finding association between categorical variables. P ≤ 0.05 is considered as statistically significant. RESULTS According to our data 36% of our patients presented with motor weakness which is followed by sensory deficit, however in previous literature headache was the commonest clinical presentation. CONCLUSION Clinical presentation in our population differs from other studies and the reason behind this is the delayed presentation of the patient and lack of awareness of disease and ultimately it will alter the outcome of disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Gulzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Salman Sharif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Afzal G, Ahmad HI, Jamal A, Mustafa G, Kiran S, Hussain R, Anjum S, Rafay M, Ghaffar A, Saeed S. Bisphenol A mediated histopathological, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1972318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adil Jamal
- Sciences and Research College of Nursing, Umm al Qura University, Makkah-715, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Kiran
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Anjum
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saba Saeed
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur
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Rafay M, Hafiz M, Gulzar F, Sharif S. O0007. Delayed Presentation In Chiari Malformation In Pakistani Population. World Neurosurg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hussain Z, Rasheed F, Tanvir MA, Zafar Z, Rafay M, Mohsin M, Pulkkinen P, Ruffner C. Increased antioxidative enzyme activity mediates the phytoaccumulation potential of Pb in four agroforestry tree species: a case study under municipal and industrial wastewater irrigation. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 23:704-714. [PMID: 33251852 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1849016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater used as irrigation water is causing heavy metal accumulation in the agro-ecosystems. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare the phytoaccumulation ability of four agroforestry tree species under different wastewater treatments. Three-month-old potted seedlings of Morus alba, Acacia nilotica, Acacia ampliceps, and Azadirachta indica were irrigation with tap water (C), municipal wastewater (MWW), and industrial wastewater (IWW). Results showed that MWW had a positive and IWW had a negative impact on biomass production in all the species. Acacia ampliceps showed the highest increment (65%) and showed the lowest decrease (5%) in total biomass under both MWW and IWW treatment. Pb concentration was also found highest in the leaves, stem and roots of Azadirachta indica (108.5, 46.2, 180.5 mg kg-1, respectively) under IWW. Production of H2O2 was highest in IWW treatment with almost 148% increase observed in Azadirachta indica. Similarly, the production of antioxidative enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase) was also highest in Azadirachta indica under IWW. Therefore, results suggest that along with high increment in total biomass, both Acacia ampliceps and Azadirachta indica showed high Pb concentration and an effective antioxidative defense mechanism and thus, can be used for planting in soils irrigated with MWW and IWW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Hussain
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayyoub Tanvir
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zikria Zafar
- Department of Forestry & Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Rage Management and Wildlife, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pertti Pulkkinen
- Haapastensyrjä Research Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Läyliäinen, Finland
| | - Charles Ruffner
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois, IL, USA
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Rafay M, Gulzar F, Iqbal N, Sharif S. Corrigendum to "Prognostic computed tomography Scores in traumatic brain injury" [Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 195 (2020) 105957]. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106276. [PMID: 33069441 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Gulzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Noorulain Iqbal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Salman Sharif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
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Rafay M, Gulzar F, Iqbal N, Sharif S. Prognostic computed tomography Scores in traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 195:105957. [PMID: 32485552 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injuries represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and road traffic crashes account for a significant proportion of these injuries. It is one of the leading causes of death, especially among young adults, and, according to the World Health Organization, this will surpass many diseases as the major cause of death and disability by the year 2020 and lifelong disability is common in those who survive. It is also known as the silent epidemic. Many CT scan scoring systems for brain injury have been developed but none of them are validated. These scores are based on structural findings of CT scan to predict the prognosis. Marshall and Rotterdam are the two most widely used scoring systems. METHOD This was an observational study with prospectively collected data. 903 consecutive patients with TBI. This study aimed to compare the Helsinki CT scoring system with the Rotterdam scoring system to find out the better score for the prognostic purpose by using the Glasgow outcome score. RESULTS Helsinki CT scoring system was found to be the most accurate score among the others in predicting the outcome of the patient based on morphological findings in CT scan. These scores also guided us regarding the treatment plan and patients with the good prognostic outcome are usually treated aggressively. Also these scores guide clinicians whether to opt for a conservative approach or any intervention. CONCLUSION In this study we compared, Rotterdam vs. Helsinki CT Scoring System. We observed that the Helsinki score was a better outcome predictor for TBI than the Rotterdam score and can be used as a single validated score in predicting outcome and guiding the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Farhan Gulzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Noorulain Iqbal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Sharif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, National Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.
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Rasheed F, Zafar Z, Waseem ZA, Rafay M, Abdullah M, Salam MMA, Mohsin M, Khan WR. Phytoaccumulation of Zn, Pb, and Cd in Conocarpus lancifolius irrigated with wastewater: does physiological response influence heavy metal uptake? Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 22:287-294. [PMID: 31468990 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1658711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Conocarpus lancifolius is a fast-growing and drought tolerant tree species with phytoremediation potential in arid environments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytoaccumulation potential under wastewater treatment. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse where 3-month-old seedlings were irrigated with industrial wastewater and growth, biomass and physiological parameters were measured. Concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in leaves, shoots, and roots along with translocation and tolerance index were also determined. The results showed that under wastewater treatment total biomass increased from 24.2 to 31.5 g, net CO2 assimilation rate increased from 9.93 to 13.3 μmol m-2 s-1, and water use efficiency increased from 1.7 to 2.42. Similarly, heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) accumulation in stem, leaves, and roots increased significantly under wastewater treatment where the highest concentration of Zn, Pb and Cd was found in roots followed by leaves and stem, respectively. Tolerance index was found >1, and translocation factor of all heavy metals was found >1. The study revealed that phytoaccumulation potential of C. lancifolius was mainly driven by improved net CO2 assimilation rate and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Rasheed
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zikria Zafar
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Waseem
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Rage Management and Wildlife, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mir Md Abdus Salam
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Waseem Razzaq Khan
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kamran M, Malik Z, Parveen A, Zong Y, Abbasi GH, Rafiq MT, Shaaban M, Mustafa A, Bashir S, Rafay M, Mehmood S, Ali M. Biochar alleviates Cd phytotoxicity by minimizing bioavailability and oxidative stress in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) cultivated in Cd-polluted soil. J Environ Manage 2019; 250:109500. [PMID: 31513996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The production of leafy vegetables such as Brassica chinensis L. in cadmium (Cd)-polluted soil causes serious threats to human health and food safety around the globe. A pot culture was established to examine the efficacy of rice-straw induced biochar (applied to soil at the rate of 0%, 2.5% and 5%, w/w) on growth, gaseous exchange attributes, antioxidative capacities and Cd uptake in pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.), when soil was spiked with Cd (CdCl2) at 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 soil. The results revealed that Cd stress significantly (P < 0.05) reduced plant biomass and physiological attributes, and accumulated higher Cd concentrations in plant tissues with the increasing rate of Cd concentration in the soil. However, incorporation of biochar at 5% application rate prominently increased the shoot (98.27%) and root (85.96%) dry biomass, net photosynthesis (45.52%), transpiration rate (161.34%), stomatal activity (111.76%) and intracellular CO2 concentration (32.25%) when Cd was added at 20 mg kg-1 soil, relative to the respective treatment without biochar. Whereas, incorporation of biochar at 5% significantly reduced the bioavailable Cd by 16.64% under 20 mg kg-1 soil, compared to respective Cd treatment without biochar.Similarly, Cd accumulation in shoots and roots was decreased by 42.49% and 29.23%, and thereby reduced leaf MDA and H2O2 contents by 21.45% and 31.28%, respectively, at 20 mg Cd kg-1 spiked soil relative to without biochar amended soil. An increment was noticed in the activities of guaiacol peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) by 37.31%, 66.35%, 115.94%, 122.72% and 59.96%, respectively, with 5% biochar addition in 20 mg kg-1 Cd spiked soil. Moreover, biochar induced a synergistic impact on plants by increasing soil alkalinization and thereby reducing Cd phytotoxicity throughimmobilization. Overall, results proposed that rice-straw biochar has an ability to restore Cd polluted soil and increased pak choi production and thereby reduced food security risks in polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Aasma Parveen
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Yutong Zong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ghulam Hassan Abbasi
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Rafiq
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Centre of Integrated Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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Abstract
Primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma represents a rare entity. However, few cases have been reported in the literature so far. We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with a history of severe headache and vertigo for 3 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging brain with contrast was done that showed a lesion measuring 5 cm × 4.8 cm in the left cerebellum near the midline which was hyperintense on T2 and hypointense on T1. It also showed ring-like heterogeneous contrast enhancement causing midline shift as well as pressure over the brainstem causing severe obstructive hydrocephalus. After emergency ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, the patient subsequently underwent left paramedian suboccipital craniotomy and excision of space-occupying lesion. Intraoperatively, a well-demarcated capsule was identified. The entire lesion consisting of areas of calcification and hair particles was removed except the part of capsule which was adherent to the brainstem. Histopathology of the lesion showed infiltrating malignant neoplasm exhibiting papillary architecture with thick fibrovascular cores lined by stratified squamous cells. In order to rule out the possibility of metastases, systemic workup was done which yielded negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salman Sharif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Baloch J, Sohail MF, Sarwar HS, Kiani MH, Khan GM, Jahan S, Rafay M, Chaudhry MT, Yasinzai M, Shahnaz G. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Improved Oral Bioavailability of Chlorpromazine: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Medicina (Kaunas) 2019; 55:E210. [PMID: 31137751 PMCID: PMC6572212 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Lipid-based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have resurged the eminence of nanoemulsions by modest adjustments and offer many valuable opportunities in drug delivery. Chlorpromazine, an antipsychotic agent with poor aqueous solubility-with extensive first-pass metabolism-can be a suitable candidate for the development of SNEDDS. The current study was designed to develop triglyceride-based SNEDDS of chlorpromazine to achieve improved solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability. Materials and Methods: Fifteen SNEDDS formulations of each short, medium, and long chain, triglycerides were synthesized and characterized to achieve optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was characterized for several in vitro and in vivo parameters. Results: Particle size, zeta potential, and drug loading of the optimized SNEDDS (LCT14) were found to be 178 ± 16, -21.4, and 85.5%, respectively. Long chain triglyceride (LCT14) showed a 1.5-fold increased elimination half-life (p < 0.01), up to 6-fold increased oral bioavailability, and 1.7-fold decreased plasma clearance rate (p < 0.01) compared to a drug suspension. Conclusion: The findings suggest that SNEDDS based on long-chain triglycerides (LCT14) formulations seem to be a promising alternative for improving the oral bioavailability of chlorpromazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeand Baloch
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Shaib Sarwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54770, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Maria Hassan Kiani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forester, Range and Wild life management, College f Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tausif Chaudhry
- Environmental Analytical Lab, NPSL, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Islamabad 45710, Pakistan.
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Sulaiman Bin Abdullah Aba Al-Khail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Majid F, Malik A, Ata S, Hussain Z, Bibi I, Iqbal M, Rafay M, Rizvi H. Structural and Optical Properties of Multilayer Heterostructure of CdTe/CdSe Thin Films. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
CdTe/CdSe multilayer heterostructures thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation method. The CdTe/CdSe layers deposited on glass substrate and effects of annealing temperature on optical and structural properties of thin films were investigated. The XRD analysis revealed that CdTe and CdSe were in cubic (111) and hexagonal (100) forms. By increasing the annealing temperature, intensity of XRD peaks increased for multilayer heterostructures. Band alignment in heterostructures of CdTe/CdSe was of type II. Energy band gaps values for CdTe/CdSe multilayer heterostructures increased with respect to bulk compounds. During emission, red and blue shifts are observed in visible region in photoluminescence spectrum of CdTe/CdSe samples. Due to better crystallinity of multilayer thin film, 1LO, 2LO and 3LO phonon modes were observed in Raman spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Majid
- Department of Physics , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- National Institute for Laser and Optronics (NILOP) , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ata
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Zaheer Hussain
- Department of Physics , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Ismat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Hina Rizvi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan
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Sarwar HS, Ashraf S, Akhtar S, Sohail MF, Hussain SZ, Rafay M, Yasinzai M, Hussain I, Shahnaz G. Mannosylated thiolated polyethylenimine nanoparticles for the enhanced efficacy of antimonial drug against Leishmaniasis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 13:25-41. [PMID: 29173059 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to inhibit trypanothione reductase (TR) and P-gp efflux pump of Leishmania by the use of thiolated polymers. Thus, increasing the intracellular accumulation and therapeutic effectiveness of antimonial compounds. METHODS Mannosylated thiolated chitosan and mannosylated thiolated chitosan-polyethyleneimine graft were synthesized and characterized. Meglumine antimoniate-loaded nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated for TR and P-gp efflux pump inhibition, biocompatibility, macrophage uptake and antileishmanial potential. RESULTS Thiomers inhibited TR with Ki 2.021. The macrophage uptake was 33.7- and 18.9-fold higher with mannosylated thiolated chitosan-polyethyleneimine graft and mannosylated thiolated chitosan nanoparticles, respectively, as compared with the glucantime. Moreover, the in vitro antileishmanial activity showed 14.41- and 7.4-fold improved IC50 for M-TCS-g-PEI and M-TCS, respectively as compared with glucantime. CONCLUSION These results encouraged the concept that TR and P-gp inhibition by the use of thiomers improves the therapeutic efficacy of antimonial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz S Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sehreen Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.,Department of Medicine, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Z Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range & Wild Life Management, University College of Agriculture, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, 54792, Pakistan.,US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), University of Engineering & Technology (UET), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Fatima I, Hussain T, Rafay M, Akram M, Bano S, Shabbir S. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits extracts of five medicinal plants. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:1625-1628. [PMID: 29084682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants acts as a defense mechanism that protects against oxidative damage caused by free radicals produced in the body. Medicinal plants are preferably used for various diseases in many countries. The studies were conducted to determine the antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic leaves and fruits extracts of Physalis minima, Withania somnifera, Datura inoxia, Solanum nigrum and Kigelia africana by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Quercetin was used as a standard antioxidant which shows 93.66% inhibition. Among the five selected plant species, the percentage of antioxidant activity of leaves extracts was found in order: P. minima > W. somnifera > S. nigrum > K. africana > D. inoxia and fruits extracts was in order: W. somnifera ≥ D. inoxia > P. minima > K. africana > S. nigrum respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Bano
- Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shabbir
- Department of Life Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Farooqi MA, Hasan MU, Akhtar S, Arshad M, Aslam MN, Rafay M. Detection of Insecticide Residues in Honey of Apis dorsata F. from Southern Punjab, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.5.1761.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abdullah M, khan RA, Rafay M, Hussain T, Ruby T, Rehman F, Khalil S, Akhtar S. Habitat Ecology and Breeding Performance of Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) in Faisalabad, Pakistan. PAK J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2017.49.5.1863.1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sarwar HS, Akhtar S, Sohail MF, Naveed Z, Rafay M, Nadhman A, Yasinzai M, Shahnaz G. Redox biology of Leishmania and macrophage targeted nanoparticles for therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramacrophage parasite ‘Leishmania’ has developed various mechanisms for proficient uptake into macrophages and phagosome regulation to avoid macrophage's oxidative burst induced by peroxide, hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite production. One major barrier for impairing the accession of old fashioned anti-Leishmanial drugs is intrinsic incapability to pass through cell membranes and limiting their abilities to ultimately destroy intracellular pathogens. Receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery to the macrophages by using nanoparticles emerges as promising strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy of old-fashioned drug. Receptor-mediated targeted nanoparticles can migrate across the cell membrane barriers and release enclosed drug cargo at sites of infection. This review is focusing on Leishmania-macrophage signaling alterations, its association with drug resistance and role of nanoparticles for receptor mediated macrophage targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohail Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhan Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 0213, USA
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zaeema Naveed
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range & Wild Life Management, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Shahnaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Rodd C, Khaper T, Bunge M, Clark I, Rafay M, Mhanni A, Kirouac N, Sharma A, Wicklow B. Increasing Incidence of Optic Nerve Hypoplasia/ Septo-Optic Dysplasia Spectrum: Geographic Clustering in Northern Canada. Paediatr Child Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since optic nerves and pituitary gland are embryologi-cally related, optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) represent a clinical spectrum associated with visual impairment, pituitary deficiencies, and severe CNS structural malformations(SODplus). ONH is a leading cause of pediatric blindness in North America; genetic mutations are rarely observed. We recently perceived an increase in the number of children with SOD in our clinic. Similarly, several studies have reported a rise in the incidence of ONH/SOD in other jurisdictions.
OBJECTIVES: Our primary objectives were to examine trends in annual incidence in Manitoba and geographical clustering in our catchment area ofManitoba, NW Ontario and Nunavut.
DESIGN/METHODS: This was a retrospective 1996-2015 chart review from all medical services (Neurology, Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, Genetics) caring for these children to extract information pertaining to anthropometric measures, radiologic findings, parental characteristics, endocrinopathies, and neurologic symptoms. Postal codes were used to assign map co-ordinates and census-based material and social deprivation indices. Numbers of children from Manitoba only were used to calculate annual incidence. From 2010-2014, a Quality Assurance (QA) sub-study identified all pediatric radiology reports containing the words 'optic nerve'; the additional cases of ONH/SOD children not identified by chart review were used to better define the true incidence in Manitoba.
RESULTS: Ninety-three children were identified in our catchment area by chart review; Poisson regression confirmed a striking 1.11-fold annual increase (95%CI=1.07-1.16) or ~800% over two decades. The annual incidence (averaged 2010-2014) reached 53.3 per 100,000 affecting 1 in 1875 live births (chartdata). Including children identified by QA sub-study, the incidence rose to 113.3 per 100,000 live births in Manitoba. These are much higher than previously reported. Most children (~60%) had SODplus. Common presenting or follow-upfeatures were hypoglyce-mia, nystagmus, seizures, and developmental delay (50%); 40% had hormone deficiencies; 80% (75/93) had reduced visual acuity, typically bilateral. Many childrenwere born prematurelywith young (mean 21y: IQR 19-26y), primiparous mothers. Unhealthy maternal lifestyles and severe material deprivation were noted. There wasdisproportionate clustering in Northern Manitoba (3 times the average provincial rate) and in Nunavut.
CONCLUSION: We noted a dramatic rise in the annual incidence of ONH/SOD in Manitoba, NW Ontario and Nunavut, which is much higher than previous reports. This disorderwas strongly associated with poverty in northern communities. The temporal picture was consistent with environmental, nutritional, or toxic etiologies. About half of the children were severely affected with increased morbidity and health care burdens.
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Kaleem M, Ruby T, Khan AA, Rafay M, Abdullah M. Impact of different mating sex ratios on reproductive efficiency of silver pheasant Lophura nycthemera (Galliformes, Phasianidae). RUSS J ECOL+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413615030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wasay M, Malik A, Fahim A, Yousuf A, Chawla R, Daniel H, Rafay M, Azam I, Razzak J. Knowledge and attitudes about tetanus and rabies: a population-based survey from Karachi, Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 2012; 62:378-382. [PMID: 22755284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate public knowledge regarding predisposing factors, fatality and prevention of Tetanus and Rabies and attitudes toward vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in all the 18 towns of Karachi, the largest metropolitan city of Pakistan, from December 2007 to January 2008. Men and women of more than 18 years of age were included in the study which used a self-reporting questionarre as its tool. RESULTS There were 1201 people interviewed by the study. The majority of respondents had known or heard about Tetanus (n = 973; 81%) and rabies (n = 699; 58%). There were 29 (2.5%) reported dog bites on the subjects themselves and 218(18%) respondents reported dog bites among their family members during the preceeding one year. Only three (11%) of these dog bite victims received some kind of vaccine or post-exposure prophylaxis. The majority of the participants were not aware of the fatality of these diseases and the importance of vaccination and post-exposure prophylaxis. Of the total respondents, 563 (47%) reported an injury or wound during the preceeding one year. Of them, 426 (76%) received a Tetanus injection. Out of the total study population, 1019 (85%) respondents did not know that Tetanus could be a fatal disease, and 844 (70%) did not know that Tetanus could affect and kill newborns. Literate people and males were more likely to have adequate knowledge on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Minor injuries and dog bites are a common occurrence in Karachi. Only a small proportion of these patients received post-exposure treatment. Most of the participants were not aware of the fatality of these diseases and the importance and affordability of vaccination in case of dog bites and minor trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wasay
- Department of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, and Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi
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