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Kim D, Lee DW, Yoon G, Jeong EK, Choi MS, Lee HC, Park YS, Chung CP, Lee JY, Park YJ. Therapeutic Effect of HDAC5 Binding and Cell Penetrating Peptide for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:965-979. [PMID: 37589886 PMCID: PMC10519921 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable disease that negatively influences the quality of life of patients. Current and emerging therapies target proinflammatory cytokines and/or receptors to downregulate proinflammatory responses, but insufficient remission requires other therapeutic agents. Herein, we report that the synthetic anti-inflammatory peptide 15 (SAP15) is capable of cell penetration and anti-inflammatory activity in human macrophages. METHODS SAP15 was labeled with fluorescence and administered to human leukemia monocytic cells (THP-1) cells for cell penetration analysis. Using biolayer interferometry analysis, the binding affinity of SAP15 with histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) was measured. SAP15-treated THP-1 cells were analyzed by protein phosphorylation assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, in vivo analysis of the therapeutic effect on IBD was observed in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model. Samples from SAP15-treated mice were analyzed at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels using ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assays, and histological evaluations. RESULTS SAP15 was internalized within the cytosol and nucleus of THP-1 cells and bound to the HDAC5 protein. SAP15-treated macrophages were assessed for protein phosphorylation and showed inhibited phosphorylation of HDAC5 and other immune-related proteins, which led to increased M2-like macrophage markers and decreased M1-like macrophage markers and tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 cytokine levels. The SAP15 treatment on IBD model showed significant recovery of colon length. Further histological analysis of colon demonstrated the therapeutic effect of SAP15 on mucosal layer. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine levels and MPO activity from the plasma show that SAP15 is effective in reduced proinflammatory responses. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SAP15 is a novel peptide with a novel cell-penetrating peptide with anti-inflammatory property that can be used as a therapeutic agent for IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deogil Kim
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Woo Lee
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, #403 Biomaterial Research Building, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gookjin Yoon
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, #403 Biomaterial Research Building, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Jeong
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sil Choi
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo Cheol Lee
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Shin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Pyung Chung
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Jue-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- Research Institute, Nano Intelligent Biomedical Engineering Corporation (NIBEC), Seoul, 03127, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Dental Regenerative Biotechnology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, #403 Biomaterial Research Building, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Vander Mause ER, Atanackovic D, Lim CS, Luetkens T. Roadmap to affinity-tuned antibodies for enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T cell function and selectivity. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:875-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3
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Kumada Y, Hasegawa Y, Horiuchi JI. Efficient and robust isolation of rabbit scFv antibodies using antigen-coupled multilamellar vesicles. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 131:299-304. [PMID: 33221176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated an efficient screening method for rabbit scFv antibodies using antigen-coupled multi-lamellar vesicles (Ag-MLVs) as solid supports. Model phages displaying mouse anti-human IgG scFv at a probability of 10-4-10-5% were successfully isolated by Ag-MLVs after 3 or less rounds of biopanning, whereas they could not be isolated using conventional antigen-coated immunotubes. This screening method was applied to isolate rabbit antigen-specific scFvs from 4 different phage libraries. Biopanning procedures employing Ag-MLVs yielded positive phages in the 3rd round or earlier, and specific antigen-binding of scFvs was observed after the 1st round in two biopanning selections. The dissociation rate constants (koff) of isolated scFv clones tended to decrease with progressing biopanning rounds. The average dissociation constants (KD) of the isolated scFvs ranged between 1.7 and 87 nM, whereas the lowest KD of 12 pM was recorded for anti-CRP scFv. Comprehensive characterization of 355 different clones of the isolated rabbit scFvs presented a relatively low isoelectric point, and most of these were more thermo-stable than the conventional mouse scFvs, based on their instability and aliphatic indices. These results clearly indicate the advantages and potential of a combination of rabbit scFv-displaying phage library and biopanning using Ag-MLVs for antibody discovery. In addition, the results obtained in this study support the suitability of rabbit scFvs for several applications, including the development of diagnostic agents and affinity ligands for molecular diagnosis and bioseparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kumada
- Department of Functional Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Matsugasaki-Hashikami-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yuya Hasegawa
- Department of Functional Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Matsugasaki-Hashikami-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Horiuchi
- Department of Functional Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1 Matsugasaki-Hashikami-Cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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4
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Wichers JH, van Amerongen A, Nielen MWF. Rapid Antibody Selection Using Surface Plasmon Resonance for High-Speed and Sensitive Hazelnut Lateral Flow Prototypes. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E130. [PMID: 30558252 PMCID: PMC6316566 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs) allow for rapid, low-cost, screening of many biomolecules such as food allergens. Despite being classified as rapid tests, many LFIAs take 10⁻20 min to complete. For a really high-speed LFIA, it is necessary to assess antibody association kinetics. By using a label-free optical technique such as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), it is possible to screen crude monoclonal antibody (mAb) preparations for their association rates against a target. Herein, we describe an SPR-based method for screening and selecting crude anti-hazelnut antibodies based on their relative association rates, cross reactivity and sandwich pairing capabilities, for subsequent application in a rapid ligand binding assay. Thanks to the SPR selection process, only the fast mAb (F-50-6B12) and the slow (S-50-5H9) mAb needed purification for labelling with carbon nanoparticles to exploit high-speed LFIA prototypes. The kinetics observed in SPR were reflected in LFIA, with the test line appearing within 30 s, almost two times faster when F-50-6B12 was used, compared with S-50-5H9. Additionally, the LFIAs have demonstrated their future applicability to real life samples by detecting hazelnut in the sub-ppm range in a cookie matrix. Finally, these LFIAs not only provide a qualitative result when read visually, but also generate semi-quantitative data when exploiting freely downloadable smartphone apps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research. P.O Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Maria G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research. P.O Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan H Wichers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, BioSensing & Diagnostics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Aart van Amerongen
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, BioSensing & Diagnostics, Wageningen University & Research, P.O Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University & Research. P.O Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helix Building 124, Stippeneng 4. 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Sugiyama A, Umetsu M, Nakazawa H, Niide T, Asano R, Hattori T, Kumagai I. High-throughput cytotoxicity and antigen-binding assay for screening small bispecific antibodies without purification. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:153-161. [PMID: 29548844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of T cell-recruiting antibodies with their potential to damage late-stage tumor masses is critically dependent on their structural and functional properties. Recently, we reported a semi-high-throughput process for screening highly cytotoxic small bispecific antibodies (i.e., diabodies). In the present study, we improved the high-throughput performance of this screening process by removing the protein purification stage and adding a stage for determining the concentrations of the diabodies in culture supernatant. The diabodies were constructed by using an Escherichia coli expression system, and each diabody contained tandemly arranged peptide tags at the C-terminus, which allowed the concentration of diabodies in the culture supernatant to be quantified by using a tag-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When estimated diabody concentrations were used to determine the cytotoxicity of unpurified antibodies, results comparable to those of purified antibodies were obtained. In a surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy-based target-binding assay, contaminants in the culture supernatant prevented us from conducting a quantitative binding analysis; however, this approach did allow relative binding affinity to be determined, and the relative binding affinities of the unpurified diabodies were comparable to those of the purified antibodies. Thus, we present here an improved high-throughput process for the simultaneous screening and determination of the binding parameters of highly cytotoxic bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruto Sugiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Teppei Niide
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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6
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Optimized Generation of High-Affinity, High-Specificity Single-Chain Fv Antibodies from Multi-Antigen Immunized Chickens. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 27730560 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity, highly specific binding proteins are a key class of molecules used in the development of new affinity chromatography methods. Traditionally, antibody-based methods have relied on the use of immunoglobulins purified from immune animal sera, from egg yolks, or from murine monoclonal hybridoma supernatants. To accelerate and refine the reagent antibody generation process, we have developed optimized methods that allow the rapid assembly of scFv libraries from chickens immunized with pools of immunogens. These methods allow the simplified generation of a single, moderately sized library of single chain Fv (scFv) and the subsequent isolation of diverse, high affinity, and high specificity monoclonals for each individual immunogen, via phage display. Using these methods, antibodies can be derived that exhibit the desired selectivity, including exquisite specificity or cross-reactivity to multiple orthologues of the same protein.
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7
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Hearty S, Leonard P, Ma H, O'Kennedy R. Measuring Antibody-Antigen Binding Kinetics Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1827:421-455. [PMID: 30196510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8648-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is now widely embraced as a technology for monitoring a diverse range of protein-protein interactions and is considered almost de rigueur for characterizing antibody-antigen interactions. The technique obviates the need to label either of the interacting species, and the binding event is visualized in real time. Thus, it is ideally suited for screening crude, unpurified antibody samples that dominate early candidate panels following antibody selection campaigns. SPR returns not only concentration and affinity data but when used correctly can resolve the discrete component kinetic parameters (association and dissociation rate constants) of the affinity interaction. Herein, we outline some SPR-based generic antibody screening configurations and methodologies in the context of expediting data-rich ranking of candidate antibody panels and ensuring that antibodies with the optimal kinetic binding characteristics are reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hearty
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
- Qatar Foundation and Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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8
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Steven J, Müller MR, Carvalho MF, Ubah OC, Kovaleva M, Donohoe G, Baddeley T, Cornock D, Saunders K, Porter AJ, Barelle CJ. In Vitro Maturation of a Humanized Shark VNAR Domain to Improve Its Biophysical Properties to Facilitate Clinical Development. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1361. [PMID: 29109729 PMCID: PMC5660122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular engineering to increase the percentage identity to common human immunoglobulin sequences of non-human therapeutic antibodies and scaffolds has become standard practice. This strategy is often used to reduce undesirable immunogenic responses, accelerating the clinical development of candidate domains. The first humanized shark variable domain (VNAR) was reported by Kovalenko and colleagues and used the anti-human serum albumin (HSA) domain, clone E06, as a model to construct a number of humanized versions including huE06v1.10. This study extends this work by using huE06v1.10 as a template to isolate domains with improved biophysical properties and reduced antigenicity. Random mutagenesis was conducted on huE06v1.10 followed by refinement of clones through an off-rate ranking-based selection on target antigen. Many of these next-generation binders retained high affinity for target, together with good species cross-reactivity. Lead domains were assessed for any tendency to dimerize, tolerance to N- and C-terminal fusions, affinity, stability, and relative antigenicity in human dendritic cell assays. Functionality of candidate clones was verified in vivo through the extension of serum half-life in a typical drug format. From these analyses the domain, BA11, exhibited negligible antigenicity, high stability and high affinity for mouse, rat, and HSA. When these attributes were combined with demonstrable functionality in a rat model of PK, the BA11 clone was established as our clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Baddeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Cornock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew J Porter
- Elasmogen Ltd., Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Kamat V, Rafique A. Designing binding kinetic assay on the bio-layer interferometry (BLI) biosensor to characterize antibody-antigen interactions. Anal Biochem 2017; 536:16-31. [PMID: 28802648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The Octet biosensors provide a high-throughput alternative to the well-established surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and SPR imaging (SPRi) biosensors to characterize antibody-antigen interactions. However, the utility of the Octet biosensors for accurate and reproducible measurement of binding rate constants of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is limited due to challenges such as analyte rebinding, and mass transport limitation (MTL). This study focuses on addressing these challenges and provides experimental conditions to reliably measure kinetics of mAb-antigen interactions. The mAb capture density of less than 0.6 nm was found to be optimal to measure a wide range of binding affinities on Octet HTX biosensor. The titration kinetic and single cycle kinetic assays performed on Octet HTX generated reproducible binding kinetic parameters and correlated with the values measured on Biacore 4000 and MASS-1. Kinetic assays performed on 0.1 nm density mAb surfaces significantly reduced MTL and enabled characterization of picomolar affinity mAbs. Finally, kinetic analysis performed on 150 antibodies to 10 antigens with molecular weights ranging from 21kD to 105kD showed concordance between Octet HTX, Biacore 4000 and MASS-1 (R2 > 0.90). The data presented in this study suggest that under optimal experimental conditions, Octet biosensor is capable of generating kinetic values comparable to SPR/SPRi biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kamat
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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10
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Lee W, Syed Atif A, Tan SC, Leow CH. Insights into the chicken IgY with emphasis on the generation and applications of chicken recombinant monoclonal antibodies. J Immunol Methods 2017; 447:71-85. [PMID: 28502720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) antibodies as immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic biomolecules has only been recently recognized. Even so, chicken antibodies remain less-well characterized than their mammalian counterparts. This review aims at providing a current overview of the structure, function, development and generation of chicken antibodies. Additionally, brief but comprehensive insights into current knowledge pertaining to the immunogenetic framework and diversity-generation of the chicken immunoglobulin repertoire which have contributed to the establishment of recombinant chicken mAb-generating methods are discussed. Focus is provided on the current methods used to generate antibodies from chickens with added emphasis on the generation of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats. The advantages and limitations of established protocols for the generation of chicken mAbs are highlighted. The various applications of recombinant chicken mAbs and its derivative formats in immunodiagnostics and immunotherapy are further detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ali Syed Atif
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette4401 W Admiral Doyle Dr, New Iberia, LA 70560, United States
| | - Soo Choon Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Kamat V, Rafique A. Extending the throughput of Biacore 4000 biosensor to accelerate kinetic analysis of antibody-antigen interaction. Anal Biochem 2017; 530:75-86. [PMID: 28465032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors are being routinely used in different stages of drug discovery and development. However, the lack of high throughput SPR biosensors continues to be a primary bottleneck for the rapid kinetic screening of large panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To further increase the throughput of the Biacore 4000 biosensor, we have developed three kinetic screening assays to characterize mAb-antigen interactions - (i) 16-mAb capture kinetic, (ii) single cycle kinetic (SCK), and (iii) parallel kinetic (PK). The performance of all three kinetic assays was evaluated by characterizing the binding of kinetically diverse human mAbs to four antigens with molecular weights of 14kD, 29kD, 38kD, and 48kD and binding affinities ranging from 130pM to 200 nM. The binding rate constants measured using all three kinetic assays were reproducible across multiple experiments and correlated with the values generated using the conventional 8-mAb capture kinetic assay on the Biacore 4000 (R2 > 0.94). Moreover, the 16-mAb capture assay decreased experiment time and analyte consumption by 35% and 50%, respectively. This work illustrates the significance of the 16-mAb capture kinetic, SCK, and PK assays to increase the throughput of Biacore 4000 and to support rapid kinetic screening of mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kamat
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777, Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777, Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
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12
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Kamat V, Rafique A. Exploring sensitivity & throughput of a parallel flow SPRi biosensor for characterization of antibody-antigen interaction. Anal Biochem 2017; 525:8-22. [PMID: 28223164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid growth in the field of biotherapeutics has led to an increased demand for high-throughput, label-free biosensors exhibiting high sensitivity. To support the current needs, Sierra Sensors introduced a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) based biosensor, Molecular Affinity Screening System (MASS-1). We assessed the potential utility of MASS-1 to support Regeneron's therapeutic antibody discovery. A large panel of antibody-antigen interactions was characterized using MASS-1 and the kinetic data were compared with the Biacore 4000 biosensor. Less than 10% deviation in the binding rate constants measured across eight flow channels of MASS-1 was observed. The single injection cycle kinetic assay allowed rapid measurement of binding rate constants for antibody-antigen interactions. MASS-1 sensitivity was independent of protein immobilization level and kinetic analysis performed using ultra-low density mAb surfaces allowed characterization of picomolar affinity interactions without mass transport limitation. High-throughput characterization of a panel of 189 monoclonal antibodies to 13 different antigens with molecular weights ranging from 14kD to 105kD revealed that binding kinetic parameters measured on MASS-1 were comparable to those measured on Biacore 4000. Our data demonstrate that MASS-1 measures reliable binding kinetic parameters and has an appropriate combination of throughput and sensitivity to support discovery and development of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kamat
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Ashique Rafique
- Biomolecular HTS Center, Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have become a substantial part of many pharmaceutical company portfolios. However, the development process of MAbs for clinical use is quite different than for small-molecule drugs. MAb development programs require careful interdisciplinary evaluations to ensure the pharmacology of both the MAb and the target antigen are well-understood. Selection of appropriate preclinical species must be carefully considered and the potential development of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) during these early studies can limit the value and complicate the performance and possible duration of preclinical studies. In human studies, many of the typical pharmacology studies such as renal or hepatic impairment evaluations may not be needed but the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these agents is complex, often necessitating more comprehensive evaluation of clinical data and more complex bioanalytical assays than might be used for small molecules. This paper outlines concerns and strategies for development of MAbs from the early in vitro assessments needed through preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on how to develop, submit, and comply with regulatory requirements for MAb therapeutics.
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Fitzgerald J, Leonard P, Darcy E, Sharma S, O'Kennedy R. Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Concepts and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1485:27-51. [PMID: 27730547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Immunoaffinity chromatography is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimization of critical experimental parameters such as (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilization coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in immunoaffinity chromatography and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Darcy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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15
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Abstract
The use of optical biosensors for studying macromolecular interactions is gaining increasing popularity. In one study, 1514 papers that involved the application of biosensor data were identified for the year 2009 alone (Rich and Myszka, J Mol Recognit 24:892-914, 2011), the sheer volume and variety of which present a daunting task for the burgeoning biosensor user to accumulate and decipher. This chapter is designed to provide the reader with the tools necessary to prepare, design, and efficiently execute a kinetic experiment on Biacore. It is written to guide the Biacore user through basic theory, system maintenance, and assay setup while also offering some practical tips that we find useful for Biacore-based studies. Many kinetic-based screening assays require rigorous sample preparation and purification prior to analysis. To highlight these procedures, this protocol describes the kinetic characterization of single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments from crude bacterial lysates using an antibody affinity capture approach. Even though we specifically describe the capture of HA-tagged scFv antibody fragments to an anti-HA tag monoclonal antibody-immobilized surface prior to kinetic analysis, the same methodologies are universally applicable and can be used for practically any affinity pair and most Biacore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Leonard
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen Hearty
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Hui Ma
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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16
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Watanabe H, Yageta S, Imamura H, Honda S. Biosensing Probe for Quality Control Monitoring of the Structural Integrity of Therapeutic Antibodies. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10095-10101. [PMID: 27700033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ideal quality control of therapeutic antibodies involves analytical techniques with high-sensitivity, high-resolution, and high-throughput performance. Few technologies that assess the physicochemical heterogeneity of antibodies, however, meet all the required demands. We developed a biosensing method for the quality control of therapeutic antibodies based on an artificial protein, AF.2A1, which discriminates between the native and the non-native three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulin G (IgG). AF.2A1 specifically recognized non-native IgG spiked into a solution of native IgG, thereby making it possible to detect contamination by a small amount of non-native IgG, which is difficult using conventional size-based separation or spectroscopic techniques. Using AF.2A1 as an analytical probe, we determined the concentration of non-native IgG formed under various pH conditions. The probe was also applicable to accelerated tests of the long-term stability of a therapeutic antibody, allowing monitoring of the formation of non-native IgG at elevated temperatures and extended periods of storage. AF.2A1, a proteinous probe, can be combined with established methods or devices to achieve high-throughput assays and provides the potential for probe-based biosensing for the quality control of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Watanabe
- Biomedical Research Institute, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Seiki Yageta
- Biomedical Research Institute, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imamura
- Biomedical Research Institute, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Biomedical Research Institute, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.,Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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17
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Comparison of surface plasmon resonance binding curves for characterization of protein interactions and analysis of screening data. Anal Biochem 2016; 502:53-63. [PMID: 27019155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Label-free technologies, such as surface plasmon resonance, are typically used for characterization of protein interactions and in screening for selection of antibodies or small molecules with preferred binding properties. In characterization, complete binding curves are normally fitted to defined interaction models to provide affinity and rate constants, whereas report points indicative of binding and stability of binding are often used for analysis of screening data. As an alternative to these procedures, here we describe how the analysis, in certain cases, can be simplified by comparison with upper and lower limit binding curves that represent expected or wanted binding profiles. The use of such profiles is applied to the analysis of kinetically complex IgG-Fc receptor interactions and for selection of antibody candidates. The comparison procedure described may be particularly useful in batch-to-batch comparisons and in comparability and biosimilar studies of biotherapeutic medicines. In screening, more informed selections may become possible as entire binding profiles and not a few report points are used in the analysis and as each new sample is directly compared with a predefined outcome.
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18
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Xu Y, Ma L, Norton MG, Stuart C, Zhao Z, Toibero D, Dahlen S, Zhong L, Zhang P, Struble EB. Gestation age dependent transfer of human immunoglobulins across placenta in timed-pregnant guinea pigs. Placenta 2015; 36:1370-7. [PMID: 26578159 PMCID: PMC5652295 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction When administered during pregnancy, antibodies and other biologic drugs that contain the Fc part of the IgG molecule can traverse the placenta. Although it is generally accepted that the FcRn receptor mediates this process, gaps remain in our understanding of underlying details in humans and in common laboratory animal species. Methods We expanded our previous studies in timed-pregnant guinea pigs to both measure the transport of human (h) IgG at earlier gestation ages in vivo and evaluate FcRn function in vitro using Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Madin–Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) that express guinea pig (gp) FcRn. Results In timed-pregnant guinea pigs both the average concentration of hIgG in the fetus and its ratio to maternal hIgG concentration increase exponentially with gestation age. Thus, hIgG fetal:maternal concentration ratios increase from an average of 1% to 3%, 17%, and 76% on GD ~26, 35, 46, and 54, respectively. In vitro, gpFcRn immobilized on a solid surface can bind hIgG and gpIgG preparations in a similar manner. All engineered human Fc isotype-specific constructs were internalized by MDCK-gpFcRn cells at significant levels. While not significant, their recycling and hIgG transcytosis by this cell line also trend higher than background controls. Discussion Pregnant guinea pigs exhibit similarities with humans in the degree and timing of trans-placental transfer as well as the ability of their FcRn to bind and internalize hIgG in vitro. Further studies are needed to guide building appropriate systems for the evaluation of FcRn mediated function of human immunoglobulin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Xu
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Li Ma
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Malgorzata G Norton
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Christine Stuart
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Denise Toibero
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Shelby Dahlen
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Lilin Zhong
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Pei Zhang
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States
| | - Evi B Struble
- Division of Hematology Research and Review, Office of Blood Research and Review, CBER, FDA, United States.
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19
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Moore CJ, Montón H, O'Kennedy R, Williams DE, Nogués C, Crean (née Lynam) C, Gubala V. Controlling colloidal stability of silica nanoparticles during bioconjugation reactions with proteins and improving their longer-term stability, handling and storage. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2043-2055. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Robust protocols for antibody-nanoparticle (Ab-NP) conjugation, and improved method for long-term stability and storage of Ab-NPs using cryoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Moore
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- Universities of Kent and Greenwich
- Chatham
- UK
| | - H. Montón
- Departament de Biologia Ceŀlular
- Fisiologia i Immunologia
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - R. O'Kennedy
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - D. E. Williams
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - C. Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Ceŀlular
- Fisiologia i Immunologia
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | | | - V. Gubala
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- Universities of Kent and Greenwich
- Chatham
- UK
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20
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O'Reilly EJ, Conroy PJ, Hearty S, Keyes TE, O'Kennedy R, Forster RJ, Dennany L. Electrochemiluminescence platform for the detection of C-reactive proteins: application of recombinant antibody technology to cardiac biomarker detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stepwise fabrication of the sensor is highlighted, scFv immobilization, binding of pentameric CRP followed by binding of metal labeled scFv fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet J. O'Reilly
- Materials and Surface Science Institute
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Paul J. Conroy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Stephen Hearty
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute
- National Centre for Sensor Research
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Lynn Dennany
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Technology and Innovation Centre
- Glasgow
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21
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Davidoff SN, Ditto NT, Brooks AE, Eckman J, Brooks BD. Surface Plasmon Resonance for Therapeutic Antibody Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2617-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Fitzgerald V, Manning B, O’Donnell B, O’Reilly B, O’Sullivan D, O’Kennedy R, Leonard P. Exploiting Highly Ordered Subnanoliter Volume Microcapillaries as Microtools for the Analysis of Antibody Producing Cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:997-1003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Fitzgerald
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian Manning
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Barry O’Donnell
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian O’Reilly
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot O’Sullivan
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O’Kennedy
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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23
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Lynch HE, Stewart SM, Kepler TB, Sempowski GD, Alam SM. Surface plasmon resonance measurements of plasma antibody avidity during primary and secondary responses to anthrax protective antigen. J Immunol Methods 2013; 404:1-12. [PMID: 24316020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of humoral immunity against pathogens is dependent on events that occur in the germinal center and the subsequent induction of high-affinity neutralizing antibodies. Quantitative assays that allow monitoring of affinity maturation and duration of antibody responses can provide useful information regarding the efficacy of vaccines and adjuvants. Using an anthrax protective antigen (rPA) and alum model antigen/adjuvant system, we describe a methodology for monitoring antigen-specific serum antibody concentration and avidity by surface plasmon resonance during primary and secondary immune responses. Our analyses showed that following a priming dose in mice, rPA-specific antibody concentration and avidity increases over time and reaches a maximal response in about six weeks, but gradually declines in the absence of antigenic boost. Germinal center reactions were observed early with maximal development achieved during the primary response, which coincided with peak antibody avidity responses to primary immunization. Boosting with antigen resulted in a rapid increase in rPA-specific antibody concentration and five-fold increase in avidity, which was not dependent on sustained GC development. The described methodology couples surface plasmon resonance-based plasma avidity measurements with germinal center analysis and provides a novel way to monitor humoral responses that can play a role in facilitating vaccine and adjuvant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Lynch
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Shelley M Stewart
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Thomas B Kepler
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - S Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Departments of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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24
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Off-rate screening for selection of high-affinity anti-drug antibodies. Anal Biochem 2013; 441:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Detection of flagellin by interaction with human recombinant TLR5 immobilized in liposomes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Drake AW, Tang ML, Papalia GA, Landes G, Haak-Frendscho M, Klakamp SL. Biacore surface matrix effects on the binding kinetics and affinity of an antigen/antibody complex. Anal Biochem 2012; 429:58-69. [PMID: 22766435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To characterize a proprietary therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) candidate, a rigorous biophysical study consisting of 53 Biacore and kinetic exclusion assay (KinExA) experiments was undertaken on the therapeutic mAb complexing with its target antigen. Unexpectedly, the observed binding kinetics depended on the chip used, suggesting that the negatively charged carboxyl groups on CM5, CM4, and C1 chips were adversely affecting the Biacore kinetic results. To study this hypothesis, Biacore solution-phase and KinExA equilibrium titrations, as well as KinExA kinetic measurements, were performed to establish accurate values for the affinity and kinetic rate constants of the binding reaction between antigen and mAb. The results revealed that as the negative charge on the biosensor surface decreased, the binding kinetics and K(D) approached the accurate binding parameters more closely when measured in solution. Two potential causes for the artifactual Biacore surface-based measurements are (i) steric hindrance of antigen binding arising from an interaction of the negatively charged carboxymethyldextran matrix with the mAb, which is a highly basic protein with a pI of 9.4, and (ii) an electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged antigen and the carboxymethyldextran matrix. Importantly, simple diagnostic tests can be performed early in the measurement process to identify these types of matrix-mediated artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Drake
- Takeda San Francisco, 285 E. Grand Ave. South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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27
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Spillner E, Braren I, Greunke K, Seismann H, Blank S, du Plessis D. Avian IgY antibodies and their recombinant equivalents in research, diagnostics and therapy. Biologicals 2012; 40:313-22. [PMID: 22748514 PMCID: PMC7106491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation and use of avian antibodies is of increasing interest in a wide variety of applications within the life sciences. Due to their phylogenetic distance, mechanisms of immune diversification and the way in which they deposit IgY immunoglobulin in the egg yolk, chickens provide a number of advantages compared to mammals as hosts for immunization. These advantages include: the one-step purification of antibodies from egg yolk in large amounts facilitates having a virtually continuous supply; the epitope spectrum of avian antibodies potentially grants access to novel specificities; the broad absence of cross-reactivity with mammalian epitopes avoids assay interference and improves the performance of immunological techniques. The polyclonal nature of IgY antibodies has limited their use since avian hybridoma techniques are not well established. Recombinant IgY, however, can be generated from mammalian monoclonal antibodies which makes it possible to further exploit the advantageous properties of the IgY scaffold. Moreover, cloning and selecting the immune repertoire from avian organisms is highly efficient, yielding antigen-specific antibody fragments. The recombinant approach is well suited to circumvent any limitations of polyclonal antibodies. This review presents comprehensive information on the generation, purification, modification and applications of polyclonal and monoclonal IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edzard Spillner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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28
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Abstract
Kinetic screening is of paramount importance when it is to select custom-made antibodies, tailored for their respective scientific, diagnostic, or pharmaceutical application. Here a kinetic screening protocol is described, using a Biacore A100 surface plasmon resonance biosensor instrument. The assay is based on an Fc-specific antibody capture system. Antibodies from complex mixtures, like from mouse hybridoma supernatants are captured on the sensor surface in an oriented manner. The method uses a single injection of one antigen concentration for the determination of six relevant screening parameters, which comprehensively describe the antibody's kinetic rate profile and its valence mode. The method enables the scientist to rank and finally select rare and outstanding antibodies according to their kinetic signatures.
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29
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Conigliaro P, Benson RA, Patakas A, Kelly SM, Valesini G, Holmdahl R, Brewer JM, McInnes IB, Paul Garside. Characterization of the anticollagen antibody response in a new model of chronic polyarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2299-308. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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30
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Karsunke XYZ, Pschenitza M, Rieger M, Weber E, Niessner R, Knopp D. Screening and characterization of new monoclonal anti-benzo[a]pyrene antibodies using automated flow-through microarray technology. J Immunol Methods 2011; 371:81-90. [PMID: 21723870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, which can cause cancer in humans. The maximum tolerable limit of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in drinking water was set to 10 ng/L by the European Commission (Council Directive 98/83/EC), because of its highly carcinogenic and mutagenic effect on humans. In the present investigation, mice were immunized with B[a]P-bovine serum albumin conjugates and 110 generated hybridoma cell lines screened by different techniques to identify clones that produce anti-B[a]P antibodies. Subsequently, a new automated flow-through biochip noncompetitive direct chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLEIA) was compared with conventional indirect and direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). It was demonstrated that the microchip-based screening method compared to ELISA was fast and very sensitive with use of only nanoliter volumes of supernatant. Forty clones could be evaluated in less than 5 min. Six high affinity monoclonal antibodies with different cross-reactivities (CR) for individual PAHs were identified by the chip-based assay and indirect microtiter plate ELISA. In comparison, the direct ELISA in the microtiter plate failed to identify three of these clones. The four antibodies with the highest affinity had half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC(50) values) between 0.31 and 0.92 μg/L for B[a]P. Affinity constants of these four antibodies were determined by surface plasmon resonance using a water soluble B[a]P-peptide. The observed CR pattern of the four monoclonal antibodies for 16 tested PAHs was quite different. Only one specific antibody for B[a]P was observed, while others were more suitable for class-specific PAH determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xaver Y Z Karsunke
- Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 München, Germany
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31
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Gubala V, Lynam CCN, Nooney R, Hearty S, McDonnell B, Heydon K, O'Kennedy R, MacCraith BD, Williams DE. Kinetics of immunoassays with particles as labels: effect of antibody coupling using dendrimers as linkers. Analyst 2011; 136:2533-41. [PMID: 21541412 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) as coupling agents for recombinant single-chain (ScFv) antibodies to nanoparticle (NP) labels, for use in immunoassay. We present a simple theory for the kinetics of particle capture onto a surface by means of an antibody-antigen reaction, in which the important parameter is the fraction of the particle surface that is active for reaction. We describe how increasing the generation number of the linking dendrimers significantly increased the fraction of the NP surface that is active for antigen binding and consequently also increased the assay kinetic rates. Use of dendrimers for conjugation of the NP to the antibody resulted in a significantly higher surface coverage of active antibody, in comparison with mono-valent linker chemistry. As a direct consequence, the increase in effective avidity significantly out-weighed any effect of a decreased diffusion coefficient due to the NP, when compared to that of a molecular dye-labelled antibody. The signal to noise ratio of the G4.5 dendrimer-sensitised nanoparticles out-performed the dye-labelled antibody by approximately four-fold. Particle aggregation experiments with the multi-valent antigen CRP demonstrated reaction-limited aggregation whose rate increased significantly with increasing generation number of the dendrimer linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Gubala
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland.
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32
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Skottrup PD, Leonard P, Kaczmarek JZ, Veillard F, Enghild JJ, O'Kennedy R, Sroka A, Clausen RP, Potempa J, Riise E. Diagnostic evaluation of a nanobody with picomolar affinity toward the protease RgpB from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Anal Biochem 2011; 415:158-67. [PMID: 21569755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major periodontitis-causing pathogens. P. gingivalis secretes a group of proteases termed gingipains, and in this study we have used the RgpB gingipain as a biomarker for P. gingivalis. We constructed a naive camel nanobody library and used phage display to select one nanobody toward RgpB with picomolar affinity. The nanobody was used in an inhibition assay for detection of RgpB in buffer as well as in saliva. The nanobody was highly specific for RgpB given that it did not bind to the homologous gingipain HRgpA. This indicated the presence of a binding epitope within the immunoglobulin-like domain of RgpB. A subtractive inhibition assay was used to demonstrate that the nanobody could bind native RgpB in the context of intact cells. The nanobody bound exclusively to the P. gingivalis membrane-bound RgpB isoform (mt-RgpB) and to secreted soluble RgpB. Further cross-reactivity studies with P. gingivalis gingipain deletion mutants showed that the nanobody could discriminate between native RgpB and native Kgp and RgpA in complex bacterial samples. This study demonstrates that RgpB can be used as a specific biomarker for P. gingivalis detection and that the presented nanobody-based assay could supplement existing methods for P. gingivalis detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Durand Skottrup
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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33
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Abdiche YN, Lindquist KC, Pinkerton A, Pons J, Rajpal A. Expanding the ProteOn XPR36 biosensor into a 36-ligand array expedites protein interaction analysis. Anal Biochem 2011; 411:139-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Finlay WJJ, Bloom L, Cunningham O. Optimized generation of high-affinity, high-specificity single-chain Fv antibodies from multiantigen immunized chickens. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 681:383-401. [PMID: 20978977 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-913-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity, highly specific binding proteins are a key class of molecules used in the development of new affinity chromatography methods. Traditionally, antibody-based methods have relied on the use of whole immunoglobulins purified from immune animal sera, from egg yolks, or from murine monoclonal hybridoma supernatants. To accelerate and refine the reagent antibody generation process, we have developed optimized methods that allow the rapid assembly of scFv libraries from chickens immunized with pools of immunogens. These methods allow the simplified generation of a single moderately sized library of single-chain Fv (scFv) and the subsequent isolation of diverse, high-affinity, and high-specificity monoclonals for each individual immunogen, via phage display. Using these methods, antibodies can be derived that exhibit the desired selectivity, such as complete specificity or cross-reactivity to multiple orthologues of the same protein.
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Abstract
The use of optical biosensors for studying macromolecular interactions is gaining increasing popularity. In one study, 1,179 papers that involved the application of biosensor data were identified for the year 2007 alone (Rich and Myszka, J Mol Recognit 21:355-400, 2008), the sheer volume and variety of which present a daunting task for the burgeoning biosensor user to accumulate and decipher. This chapter is designed to provide the reader with the tools necessary to prepare, design, and efficiently execute a kinetic experiment on Biacore. It is written to guide the Biacore user through basic theory, system maintenance, and assay set-up while also offering some practical tips that we find useful for Biacore-based studies. Many kinetic-based screening assays require rigorous sample preparation and purification prior to analysis. To highlight these procedures, this protocol describes the kinetic characterisation of single chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments from crude bacterial lysates using an antibody affinity capture approach. Even though we specifically describe the capture of HA-tagged scFv antibody fragments to an anti-HA tag monoclonal antibody-immobilised surface prior to kinetic analysis, the same methodologies are universally applicable and can be used for practically any affinity pair and most Biacore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology and Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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36
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Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. IAC is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimisation of critical experimental parameters such as: (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilisation coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high-affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in IAC and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Sadanandom A, Napier RM. Biosensors in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 13:736-743. [PMID: 20870451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors come in an increasing array of forms and their development is defining the rate of advance for our understanding of many natural processes. Developmental biology is increasingly using mathematical models and yet few of these models are based on quantitative recordings. In particular, we know comparatively little about the endogenous concentrations or fluxes of signalling molecules such as the phytohormones, an area of great potential for new biosensors. There are extremely useful biosensors for some signals, but most remain qualitative. Other qualities sought in biosensors are temporal and spatial resolution and, usually, an ability to use them without significantly perturbing the system. Currently, the biosensors with the best properties are the genetically encoded optical biosensors based on FRET, but each sensor needs extensive specific effort to develop. Sensor technologies using antibodies as the recognition domain are more generic, but these tend to be more invasive and there are few examples of their use in plant biology. By capturing some of the opportunities appearing with advances in platform technologies it is hoped that more biosensors will become available to plant scientists.
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Fitzgerald J, Leonard P, Darcy E, Danaher M, O'Kennedy R. Light-chain shuffling from an antigen-biased phage pool allows 185-fold improvement of an anti-halofuginone single-chain variable fragment. Anal Biochem 2010; 410:27-33. [PMID: 21078281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Halofuginone is an antiprotozoal drug used in the treatment of coccidiosis in poultry, a contagious enteric disease caused by parasites of the Eimeria spp. To ensure that food is free from any halofuginone residues and safe for human consumption, a rapid method to detect these residues below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) in a variety of matrices is necessary. To address this need, we constructed an immune single-chain variable fragment (scFv) library from the RNA of a halofuginone-immunized chicken and selected halofuginone-specific scFv by phage display. The best clone isolated from the library had a limit of detection of 30 ng/ml as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, the minimum MRL for halofuginone in certain foodstuffs can be as low as 1 ng/ml, well below the sensitivity of the selected antibody. The selected antibody was then affinity maturated by light-chain shuffling to further improve the antibody's assay performance. The halofuginone-specific heavy-chain pool of the biopanned library was assembled with the light-chain repertoire amplified from the original prepanned library. This resulted in a heavy-chain-biased library from which an scFv with the potential to detect halofuginone residues as low as 80 pg/ml was isolated, a 185-fold improvement over the original scFv. This new chain-shuffled scFv was incorporated into a validated ELISA (according to Commission Regulation 2002/657/EC) for the sensitive detection of halofuginone in spiked processed egg samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Jeong HH, Lee JH, Lee CS, Jang H, Yang YH, Kim YH, Huh KM. Fabrication of selective anti-biofouling surface for micro/nanopatterning of proteins. Macromol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-010-0903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Ayyar BV, Hearty S, O'Kennedy R. Highly sensitive recombinant antibodies capable of reliably differentiating heart-type fatty acid binding protein from noncardiac isoforms. Anal Biochem 2010; 407:165-71. [PMID: 20696127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During recent times, heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) has gained increasing credence as a promising cardiac biomarker. This is largely due to its rapid myocardial release and subsequent clearance kinetics, which are superior to those of myoglobin and offer an earlier diagnostic window than the troponins. Realization of its full diagnostic and prognostic potential is dependent on accessibility to robust hFABP-specific assays. Here we describe a rational strategy for generation and screening of hFABP-specific avian-derived recombinant antibodies. These antibodies were confirmed to be exquisitely specific for hFABP, with no cross-reactivity observed in a representative panel of the most homologous non-heart-type FABP isoforms. All of the antibodies tested exhibited single-figure nanomolar affinities, and their analytical potential was demonstrated in a simple inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format that returned an impressive limit of quantitation (LOQ) value of 1.9 ng/ml. The cumulative results underline the potential value of these antibodies as enabling reagents for use in a variety of immunodiagnostic configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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41
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O'Kennedy R, Townsend S, Donohoe GG, Leonard P, Hearty S, Byrne B. Speedy, Small, Sensitive, and Specific—Reality or Myth for Future Analytical Methods. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003653940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Guo WL, Leonard P, O'Kennedy R. Simple method of ‘on-plate’ growth for improved antibody screening. J Immunol Methods 2010; 359:61-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Walls D, Loughran ST, Cunningham O. Phage display: a powerful technology for the generation of high specificity affinity reagents from alternative immune sources. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 681:87-101. [PMID: 20978962 PMCID: PMC7120213 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-913-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are critical reagents in many fundamental biochemical methods such as affinity chromatography. As our understanding of the proteome becomes more complex, demand is rising for rapidly generated antibodies of higher specificity than ever before. It is therefore surprising that few investigators have moved beyond the classical methods of antibody production in their search for new reagents. Despite their long-standing efficacy, recombinant antibody generation technologies such as phage display are still largely the tools of biotechnology companies or research groups with a direct interest in protein engineering. In this chapter, we discuss the inherent limitations of classical polyclonal and monoclonal antibody generation and highlight an attractive alternative: generating high specificity, high affinity recombinant antibodies from alternative immune sources such as chickens, via phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Walls
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9 Ireland
| | - Sinéad T. Loughran
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9 Ireland
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Robert P, Limozin L, Pierres A, Bongrand P. Biomolecule association rates do not provide a complete description of bond formation. Biophys J 2009; 96:4642-50. [PMID: 19486686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of many cell-surface receptors is dependent on the rate of binding soluble or surface-attached ligands. Much effort was exerted to measure association rates between soluble molecules (three-dimensional k(on)) and, more recently, between surface-attached molecules (two-dimensional [2D] k(on)). According to a generally accepted assumption, the probability of bond formation between receptors and ligands is proportional to the first power of encounter duration. Here we provide new experimental evidence and review published data demonstrating that this simple assumption is not always warranted. Using as a model system the (2D) interaction between ICAM-1-coated surfaces and flowing microspheres coated with specific anti-ICAM-1 antibodies, we show that the probability of bond formation may scale as a power of encounter duration that is significantly higher than 1. Further, we show that experimental data may be accounted for by modeling ligand-receptor interaction as a displacement along a single path of a rough energy landscape. Under a wide range of conditions, the probability that an encounter of duration t resulted in bond formation varied as erfc[(t(0)/t)(1/2)], where t(0) was on the order of 10 ms. We conclude that the minimum contact time for bond formation may be a useful parameter to describe a ligand-receptor interaction, in addition to conventional association rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Robert
- Laboratory Adhesion et Inflammation, Institut national de santé et de recherche medicale (INSERM) UMR600, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Antibody-based sensors: principles, problems and potential for detection of pathogens and associated toxins. SENSORS 2009; 9:4407-45. [PMID: 22408533 PMCID: PMC3291918 DOI: 10.3390/s90604407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based sensors permit the rapid and sensitive analysis of a range of pathogens and associated toxins. A critical assessment of the implementation of such formats is provided, with reference to their principles, problems and potential for 'on-site' analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and additional examples relating to the monitoring of fungal pathogens, viruses, mycotoxins, marine toxins and parasites are also provided.
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46
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Yang B, Yajima W, Das D, Suresh MR, Kav NN. Isolation, expression and characterization of two single-chain variable fragment antibodies against an endo-polygalacturonase secreted by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Protein Expr Purif 2009; 64:237-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Turunen L, Takkinen K, Söderlund H, Pulli T. Automated Panning and Screening Procedure on Microplates for Antibody Generation from Phage Display Libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14:282-93. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057108330113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibody phage display technology is well established and widely used for selecting specific antibodies against desired targets. Using conventional manual methods, it is laborious to perform multiple selections with different antigens simultaneously. Furthermore, manual screening of the positive clones requires much effort. The authors describe optimized and automated procedures of these processes using a magnetic bead processor for the selection and a robotic station for the screening step. Both steps are performed in a 96-well microplate format. In addition, adopting the antibody phage display technology to automated platform polyethylene glycol precipitation of the enriched phage pool was unnecessary. For screening, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocol suitable for a robotic station was developed. This system was set up using human γ-globulin as a model antigen to select antibodies from a VTT naive human single-chain antibody (scFv) library. In total, 161 γ-globulin-selected clones were screened, and according to fingerprinting analysis, 9 of the 13 analyzed clones were different. The system was further tested using testosterone bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β-estradiol-BSA as antigens with the same library. In total, 1536 clones were screened from 4 rounds of selection with both antigens, and 29 different testosterone-BSA and 23 β-estradiol-BSA binding clones were found and verified by sequencing. This automated antibody phage display procedure increases the throughput of generating wide panels of target-binding antibody candidates and allows the selection and screening of antibodies against several different targets in parallel with high efficiency. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2009:282-293)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timo Pulli
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo
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48
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Conroy PJ, Hearty S, Leonard P, O’Kennedy RJ. Antibody production, design and use for biosensor-based applications. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2009; 20:10-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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49
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Hosse RJ, Tay L, Hattarki MK, Pontes-Braz L, Pearce LA, Nuttall SD, Dolezal O. Kinetic screening of antibody–Im7 conjugates by capture on a colicin E7 DNase domain using optical biosensors. Anal Biochem 2009; 385:346-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:355-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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