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Chen F, Li P, Tang W, Chen H, Zhang J, Qin Q, Jin Y, Ge L, Yang J, Li D, Lv F, Tang H. Intentions of healthcare seeking and self-isolation for MPOX among men who have sex with men in China: a national cross-sectional study. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2352426. [PMID: 38713582 PMCID: PMC11132697 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2352426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Linking identified MPOX cases to care is essential for MPOX control. This study aims to investigate the intentions of healthcare seeking and self-isolation for MPOX among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in early August 2023 in China. Respondents were recruited by community-based organizations (CBOs), collecting information on demographics, health status, behavioural and psychological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the predictors of intentions to seek healthcare and self-isolate for MPOX within the MSM population. A total of 7725 participants were recruited, with a median age of 30 years. 92.21% of the participants would seek healthcare for MPOX-like symptoms, but only 52.50% intended to self-isolate if diagnosed. Intentions to seek healthcare were lower among those with MPOX-like symptoms in the past 3 months (standardized prevalence ratio (SPRs) = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.89) and the willingness to self-isolate was reduced among those diagnosed with MPOX in the past 3 months (SPRs = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.87). Participants free of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and those aware of their HIV status were more likely to seek healthcare and self-isolate than those with STIs or unaware of their HIV status. Regular followers of MPOX information and those perceiving a low risk of infection were more inclined to take preventive measures. These findings highlight the need for targeted MPOX prevention strategies for high-risk groups and the importance of addressing barriers in infectious disease prevention response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaijin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- Jiamusi Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shenlan Public Health Counsel Service Center of Tiangjin, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Houlin Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kaur A, Kumar A, Kumari G, Muduli R, Das M, Kundu R, Mukherjee S, Majumdar T. Rational design and computational evaluation of a multi-epitope vaccine for monkeypox virus: Insights into binding stability and immunological memory. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36154. [PMID: 39247273 PMCID: PMC11380015 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-epitope vaccines strategically tackle rapidly mutating viruses by targeting diverse epitopes from different proteins, providing a comprehensive and adaptable immune protection approach for enhanced coverage against various viral variants. This research employs a comprehensive approach that includes the mapping of immune cells activating epitopes derived from the six structural glycoproteins (A29L, A30L, A35R, L1R, M1R, and E8L) of Monkeypox virus (Mpox). A total of 7 T-cells-specific epitopes, 13 B-cells-specific epitopes, and 5 IFN-γ activating epitopes were forecasted within these glycoproteins. The selection process focused on epitopes indicating high immunogenicity and favorable binding affinity with multiple MHC alleles. Following this, a vaccine has been formulated by incorporating the chosen epitopes, alongside adjuvants (PADRE peptide) and various linkers (EAAAK, GPGPG, and AAY). The physicochemical properties and 3D structure of the multi-epitope hybrid vaccine were analysed for characterization. MD simulations were employed to predict the binding stability between the vaccine and various pathogen recognition receptors such as TLRs (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, and TLR6), as well as both class I and II MHC, achieved through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Through in silico cloning and immune simulation, it was observed that the multi-epitopes vaccine induced a robust memory immune response upon booster doses, forecasting protective immunity upon viral challenge. This protective immunity was characterized by the production of IgM + IgG antibodies, along with release of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, and IL12, and the activation of various immune cells. This study offers valuable insights into the potential of a multi-epitope vaccine targeting the Mpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Mayami Das
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, West Bengal, India
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Yang Y, Zhao X, Li Y, Zai X, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang X, Lv P, Zhang J, Hou L, Xu J, Chen W. Rational design of a single-component mRNA vaccine against orthopoxvirus and SARS-CoV-2. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1311-1313. [PMID: 38443664 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yu Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaodong Zai
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Peng Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Tang Z, Han Y, Meng Y, Li J, Qiu X, Bajinka O, Wu G, Tan Y. A bioinformatics approach to systematically analyze the molecular patterns of monkeypox virus-host cell interactions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30483. [PMID: 38737277 PMCID: PMC11088324 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox has been spreading worldwide since May 2022, when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a "public health emergency of international concern." The spread of monkeypox has posed a serious threat to the health of people around the world, but few studies have been conducted, and the molecular mechanism of monkeypox after infection remains unclear. We therefore implemented a transcriptome analysis to identify signaling pathways and biomarkers in monkeypox-infected cells to help understand monkeypox-host cell interactions. In this study, datasets GSE36854 and GSE11234 were obtained from GEO. Of these, 84 significantly different genes were identified in the dataset GSE36854, followed by KEGG, GO analysis protein-protein interaction (PPI) construction, and Hub gene extraction. We also analyzed the expression regulation of hub genes and screened for drugs targeting hub genes. The results showed that monkeypox-infected cells significantly activated the cellular immune response. The top 10 hub genes are IER3, IFIT2, IL11, ZC3H12A, EREG, IER2, NFKBIE, FST, IFIT1 and AREG. AP-26113 and itraconazole can be used to counteract the inhibitory effect of monkeypox on IFIT1 and IFIT2 and serve as candidate drugs for the treatment of monkeypox virus infection. IRF1 may also be a transcription factor of IFIT. Our results provide a new entry point for understanding how monkeypox virus interacts with its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Stomatology, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yuting Meng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangjie Qiu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ousman Bajinka
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
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Casimiro‐Soriguer CS, Perez‐Florido J, Lara M, Camacho‐Martinez P, Merino‐Diaz L, Pupo‐Ledo I, de Salazar A, Fuentes A, Viñuela L, Chueca N, Martinez‐Martinez L, Lorusso N, Lepe JA, Dopazo J, Garcia F. Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of the monkeypox outbreak in the South of Spain. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1965. [PMID: 38524774 PMCID: PMC10957719 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Until the May 2022 Monkeypox (MPXV) outbreak, which spread rapidly to many non-endemic countries, the virus was considered a viral zoonosis limited to some African countries. The Andalusian circuit of genomic surveillance was rapidly applied to characterize the MPXV outbreak in the South of Spain. Methods Whole genome sequencing was used to obtain the genomic profiles of samples collected across the south of Spain, representative of all the provinces of Andalusia. Phylogenetic analysis was used to study the relationship of the isolates and the available sequences of the 2022 outbreak. Results Whole genome sequencing of a total of 160 MPXV viruses from the different provinces that reported cases were obtained. Interestingly, we report the sequences of MPXV viruses obtained from two patients who died. While one of the isolates bore no noteworthy mutations that explain a potential heightened virulence, in another patient the second consecutive genome sequence, performed after the administration of tecovirimat, uncovered a mutation within the A0A7H0DN30 gene, known to be a prime target for tecovirimat in its Vaccinia counterpart. In general, a low number of mutations were observed in the sequences reported, which were very similar to the reference of the 2022 outbreak (OX044336), as expected from a DNA virus. The samples likely correspond to several introductions of the circulating MPXV viruses from the last outbreak. The virus sequenced from one of the two patients that died presented a mutation in a gene that bears potential connections to drug resistance. This mutation was absent in the initial sequencing before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S. Casimiro‐Soriguer
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health‐FPSSevillaSpain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Javier Perez‐Florido
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health‐FPSSevillaSpain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of SevilleSevilleSpain
| | - Maria Lara
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health‐FPSSevillaSpain
| | - Pedro Camacho‐Martinez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Unidad Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Laura Merino‐Diaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Unidad Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Inmaculada Pupo‐Ledo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Unidad Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Adolfo de Salazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San CecilioGranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Laura Viñuela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San CecilioGranadaSpain
| | - Natalia Chueca
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
| | - Luis Martinez‐Martinez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
- Unit of Microbiology, University Hospital Reina SofiaCordobaSpain
- Departamento de Química AgrícolaEdafología y Microbiología, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)CórdobaSpain
| | - Nicola Lorusso
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de AndalucíaSevillaSpain
| | - Jose A. Lepe
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of SevilleSevilleSpain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Unidad Clínica Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health‐FPSSevillaSpain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of SevilleSevilleSpain
- FPS/ELIXIR‐ES, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health‐FPSSevillaSpain
| | - Federico Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), ISCIIIMadridSpain
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San CecilioGranadaSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADAGranadaSpain
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Kuehn R, Fox T, Guyatt G, Lutje V, Gould S. Infection prevention and control measures to reduce the transmission of mpox: A systematic review. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002731. [PMID: 38236835 PMCID: PMC10796032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To make inferences regarding the effectiveness of respiratory interventions and case isolation measures in reducing or preventing the transmission of mpox based on synthesis of available literature. METHODS The WHO Clinical Management and Infection Prevention and Control 2022 guideline and droplet precautions in healthcare facilities and home isolation infection prevention control measures for patients with mpox. We conducted a systematic review that included a broad search of five electronic databases. In a two-stage process, we initially sought only randomized controlled trials and observational comparative studies; when the search failed to yield eligible studies, the subsequent search included all study designs including clinical and environmental sampling studies. RESULTS No studies were identified that directly addressed airborne and droplet precautions and home isolation infection prevention control measures. To inform the review questions the review team synthesized route of transmission data in mpox. There were 2366/4309 (54.9%) cases in which investigators identified mpox infection occurring following transmission through direct physical sexual contact. There were no reported mpox cases in which investigators identified inhalation as a single route of transmission. There were 2/4309 cases in which investigators identified fomite as a single route of transmission. Clinical and environmental sampling studies isolated mpox virus in a minority of saliva, oropharangeal swabs, mpox skin lesions, and hospital room air. CONCLUSIONS Current findings provide compelling evidence that transmission of mpox occurs through direct physical contact. Because investigators have not reported any cases of transmission via inhalation alone, the impact of airborne and droplet infection prevention control measures in reducing transmission will be minimal. Avoiding physical contact with others, covering mpox lesions and wearing a medical mask is likely to reduce onward mpox transmission; there may be minimal reduction in transmission from additionally physically isolating patients with mild disease at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuehn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tilly Fox
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Vittoria Lutje
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Gould
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Nyasulu PS, Tamuzi JL. Epidemiology, clinical profiles, and prognostic value of COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations in African populations: a rapid narrative review. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:10-22. [PMID: 37965793 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin manifestations' true prognostic value, and clinical and epidemiological pictures in SARS-CoV-2 infection in African populations are poorly described and understudied. More familiarity with COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations may aid in early clinical diagnosis or guide prognosis. METHODS In this literature review, we looked for potential studies published from December 2019 to March 2023 on COVID-19 cutaneous lesions in African populations. Our key questions were focused on the prognostic values of cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19. RESULTS Our findings show that cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 vary by country and severity of COVID-19, primarily multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). Significant differences were also found between various dermatological lesions, primarily MIS, erythema multiforme-like, livedoid, vesicular, or varicella-like rashes, urticarial, maculopapular or morbilliform rashes, and chilblain-like or pernio-like rashes. There were 47.5% (115/242) of MIS cases reported in nine published African studies. Our findings also revealed that MIS may be diagnosed in 2-7 days due to early onset rash. Advanced age, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HIV, tuberculosis, asthma, atopic disease, underweight, malnutrition, and malignancy were found to be associated with COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations in African populations. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related skin manifestations in African populations are important as a driving force in COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacques L Tamuzi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Borcak D, Özdemir YE, Yesilbag Z, Ensaroğlu E, Akkaya S, Yaşar KK. Assessment of Knowledge and Concern of People Living with HIV Regarding Human Mpox and Vaccination. Curr HIV Res 2024; 22:120-127. [PMID: 38698752 DOI: 10.2174/011570162x293673240427062123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mpox virus is an orthopoxvirus that causes the zoonotic infectious disease known as mpox. The disease can also spread from humans to humans. It can be transmitted through contact with bodily fluids, lesions on the skin, or internal mucosal surfaces. METHOD The number of mpox cases increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis and prompt management of mpox are critical in people living with HIV (PLHIV). In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among PLHIV followed at the outpatient clinic between 20 April-20 August 2023. A questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and anxiety levels of patients as well as their opinions about vaccination against mpox. The severity of symptoms in the past two weeks was assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. A total of 203 PLHIV were interviewed for this survey study. RESULT The mean age was 39.37±11.93. The majority of them were male (86.7%), and 41.4% were men who have sex with men (MSM). Only 21 of the surveyed participants (10.4%) had a "good knowledge" score about mpox. The mean knowledge score on human Mpox was 2.05 (min:0-max:8), and 107 (52.7%) had a score of 0. CONCLUSION The future study should focus on continuous education, promoting awareness through programs and establishing measures to successfully overcome identified variables that contribute to mpox pandemic understanding and attitudes. Applying the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic will help the management of mpox virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Borcak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Emre Özdemir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Yesilbag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Ensaroğlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samiha Akkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kadriye Kart Yaşar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Wang X, Rao Q, Lu Z, Deng X, Shen R, Wang R, Dong W, Qi X, Jin Z, Tang Y, Du D. Rapid and sensitive Cas13a/Cas12a-based one-pot dual-target strategy to detect monkeypox virus and its co-infected viruses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:3142-3148. [PMID: 37989676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiao Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhengrong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaobao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianhua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youzhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Cacner Research Center, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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10
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Yang Y, Wang C, Shi H, Guo X, Liu W, Li J, Li L, Zhao J, Zhang G, Song H, Hao R, Zhao R. Multiplexed on-site sample-in-result-out test through microfluidic real-time PCR (MONITOR) for the detection of multiple pathogens causing influenza-like illness. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0232023. [PMID: 37889044 PMCID: PMC10714808 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02320-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study combines quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and microfluidics to introduce MONITOR, a portable field detection system for multiple pathogens causing influenza-like illness. MONITOR can be rapidly deployed to enable simultaneous sample-in-result-out detection of eight common influenza-like illness (ILI) pathogens with heightened sensitivity and specificity. It is particularly well suited for communities and regions without centralized laboratories, offering robust technical support for the prompt and accurate monitoring and detection of ILI. It holds the potential to be a potent tool in the early detection and prevention of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wanying Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhong Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Beijing Baicare Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rongzhang Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongtao Zhao
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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11
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Patiño LH, Guerra S, Muñoz M, Luna N, Farrugia K, van de Guchte A, Khalil Z, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Hernandez MM, Banu R, Shrestha P, Liggayu B, Firpo Betancourt A, Reich D, Cordon-Cardo C, Albrecht R, Pearl R, Simon V, Rooker A, Sordillo EM, van Bakel H, García-Sastre A, Bogunovic D, Palacios G, Paniz Mondolfi A, Ramírez JD. Phylogenetic landscape of Monkeypox Virus (MPV) during the early outbreak in New York City, 2022. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2192830. [PMID: 36927408 PMCID: PMC10114986 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (MPOX) is a zoonotic disease endemic to regions of Central/Western Africa. The geographic endemicity of MPV has expanded, broadening the human-monkeypox virus interface and its potential for spillover. Since May 2022, a large multi-country MPV outbreak with no proven links to endemic countries has originated in Europe and has rapidly expanded around the globe, setting off genomic surveillance efforts. Here, we conducted a genomic analysis of 23 MPV-infected patients from New York City during the early outbreak, assessing the phylogenetic relationship of these strains against publicly available MPV genomes. Additionally, we compared the genomic sequences of clinical isolates versus culture-passaged samples from a subset of samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MPV genomes included in this study cluster within the B.1 lineage (Clade IIb), with some of the samples displaying further differentiation into five different sub-lineages of B.1. Mutational analysis revealed 55 non-synonymous polymorphisms throughout the genome, with some of these mutations located in critical regions required for viral multiplication, structural and assembly functions, as well as the target region for antiviral treatment. In addition, we identified a large majority of polymorphisms associated with GA > AA and TC > TT nucleotide replacements, suggesting the action of human APOBEC3 enzyme. A comparison between clinical isolates and cell culture-passaged samples failed to reveal any difference. Our results provide a first glance at the mutational landscape of early MPV-2022 (B.1) circulating strains in NYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz H. Patiño
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Luna
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Keith Farrugia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana van de Guchte
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zain Khalil
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Matthew M. Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Radhika Banu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paras Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette Liggayu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Firpo Betancourt
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Reich
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy Albrecht
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Pearl
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aria Rooker
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emilia Mia Sordillo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Centre for Inborn Errors of Immunity, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Paniz Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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12
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Ubom AE, Oiwoh SO, Ajiboye AD, Nyeche S, Appiah-Kubi A, Sokunbi AE, Mbiiza CM, Olanrewaju FO, Ighorodje EE, Akinkugbe A, Okoeguale J, Ojo OD, Unwaha EA, Oriji PC, Adebawojo TO, Ekwebalam OP, Okwaraoha TI, Ijarotimi OA, Eifediyi RA, Okogbenin SA, Okwor T, Ikimalo JI, Kuti O, Fasubaa OB, Ogoina D. Mpox in pregnancy: Management, risks and challenges in Africa and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2023; 163:466-475. [PMID: 37128764 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Data on mpox in pregnancy are currently limited. Historically, only 65 cases in pregnancy have been reported globally since mpox was discovered in 1958. This includes 59 cases in the current outbreak. Vertical transmission was confirmed in one patient. Pregnant women are at high risk of severe disease owing to immunological and hormonal changes that increase susceptibility to infections in pregnancy. African women appear to be at higher risk of mpox infection and adverse outcomes in pregnancy for epidemiological and immunologic reasons, in addition to the background high rates of adverse feto-maternal outcomes in the region. This risk is potentially heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the possibility of mpox virus exportation/importation as a result of the lifting of movement restrictions and trans-border travels between countries affected by the current outbreak. Furthermore, coinfection with mpox and COVID-19 in pregnancy is possible, and the clinical features of both conditions may overlap. Challenges of diagnosis and management of mpox in pregnancy in Africa include patients concealing their travel history from healthcare providers and absconding from/evading isolation after diagnosis, shortage of personal protective equipment and polymerase chain reaction testing facilities for diagnosis, vaccine hesitancy/resistance, and poor disease notification systems. There is a need for local, regional and global support to strengthen the capacity of African countries to address these challenges and potentially reduce the disease burden among pregnant women in the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akaninyene Eseme Ubom
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG), Paris, France
- International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics (FIGO) Committee on Childbirth & Postpartum Haemorrhage, London, UK
| | - Sebastine Oseghae Oiwoh
- Dermatology and Venereology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Akinyosoye Deji Ajiboye
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Nyeche
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt/University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Adu Appiah-Kubi
- World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG), Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Christabel Mweene Mbiiza
- World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG), Paris, France
- University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | | | - Ayesha Akinkugbe
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Okoeguale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Institute of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever and Emergent Pathogen, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Dorcas Ojo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Peter Chibuzor Oriji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | | | - Obinna Prince Ekwebalam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University Teaching Hospital, Imo State, Owerri, Nigeria
| | | | - Omotade Adebimpe Ijarotimi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Reuben Agbons Eifediyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Institute of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever and Emergent Pathogen, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Sylvanus Akhalufo Okogbenin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Institute of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever and Emergent Pathogen, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Tochi Okwor
- Department of Prevention Programme and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John Igemo Ikimalo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt/University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Kuti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Feto-Maternal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Benjamin Fasubaa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Dimie Ogoina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Niger Delta University/Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
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13
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Mohanto S, Faiyazuddin M, Dilip Gholap A, Jc D, Bhunia A, Subbaram K, Gulzar Ahmed M, Nag S, Shabib Akhtar M, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Sah S, Malik S, Haleem Al-Qaim Z, Barboza JJ, Sah R. Addressing the resurgence of global monkeypox (Mpox) through advanced drug delivery platforms. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 56:102636. [PMID: 37633474 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox (Mpox) is a transmissible infection induced by the Monkeypox virus (a double-stranded DNA virus), recognised under the family orthopoxvirus genus. Monkeypox, like endemic diseases, is a substantial concern worldwide; thus, comprehending the pathogenesis and mutagenesis of amino acids is indispensable to combat the infection. According to the World Health Organization's report, about 89 thousand cases with 160 mortalities have been reported from 114 countries worldwide. The conventional orthopoxvirus vaccines developed on live attenuated viruses exempted any clinical validation from combating monkeypox due to inadequate immunogenicity, toxicity, instability, and multiple doses. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems come into the conception with high biological and mechanical characteristics to address the resurgence of Global Monkeypox. The edges of metallic biomaterials, novel molecules, and vaccine development in targeted therapy increase the modulation of the immune response and blockage of host-virus interaction, with enhanced stability for the antigens. Thus, this review strives to comprehend the viral cell pathogenesis concerning amino acid mutagenesis and current epidemiological standards of the Monkeypox disease across the globe. Furthermore, the review also recapitulates the various clinical challenges, current therapies, and progressive nanomedicine utilisation in the Monkeypox outbreak reinforced by various clinical trial reports. The contemporary challenges of novel drug delivery systems in Monkeypox treatment cannot be overlooked, and thus, authors have outlined the future strategies to develop successful nanomedicine to combat monkeypox. Future pandemics are inevitable but can be satisfactorily handled if we comprehend the crises, innovate, and develop cutting-edge technologies, especially by delving into frontiers like nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Md Faiyazuddin
- School of Pharmacy, Al-Karim University, Katihar, Bihar, 845106, India; Nano Drug Delivery®, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amol Dilip Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra, 401404, India
| | - Darshan Jc
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Adrija Bhunia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University, Male', Maldives
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Mohammad Shabib Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sanjit Sah
- Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, 442001, India; SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur-10, Siraha, Nepal
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Jharkhand, 834002, Ranchi, India; School of Applied Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, 13007, Peru
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 46000, Nepal; Department of Clinical Microbiology, DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411000, Maharashtra, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Suleiman AS, Islam MA, Akter MS, Amin MR, Werkneh AA, Bhattacharya P. A meta-meta-analysis of co-infection, secondary infections, and antimicrobial resistance in COVID-19 patients. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1562-1590. [PMID: 37572572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly discovered coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has sparked a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, which has caused havoc on medical infrastructures, economies, and cultures around the world. Determining the whole scenario is essential since SARS-CoV-2 variants and sub-variants keep appearing after vaccinations and booster doses. The objective of this secondary meta-analysis is to analysis co-infection, secondary infections, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients. This study used five significant databases to conduct a systematic review and an overlap meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled estimates of co-infections and secondary infections. The summary of the meta-analysis showed an overall co-infection effect of 26.19% (95% confidence intervals CI: 21.39-31.01, I2 =98.78, n = 14 meta-analysis) among patients with COVID-19. A coinfection effect of 11.13% (95% CI: 9.7-12.56, I2 =99.14, n = 11 meta-analysis) for bacteria; 9.69% (95% CI: 1.21-7.90, I2 =98.33) for fungal and 3.48% (95% CI: 2.15-4.81, I2 =95.84) for viruses. A secondary infection effect of 19.03% (95% CI: 9.53-28.54, I2 =85.65) was pooled from 2 meta-analyses (Ave: 82 primary studies). This is the first study that compiles the results of all the previous three years meta-analyses into a single source and offers strong proof of co-infections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. Early detection of co-infection and AMR is crucial for COVID-19 patients in order to effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeiza Shuaibu Suleiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj 2310, Bangladesh; COVID-19 Diagnostic lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Mir Salma Akter
- COVID-19 Diagnostic lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ruhul Amin
- COVID-19 Diagnostic lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Adhena Ayaliew Werkneh
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research @KTH, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Sharma E, Malhotra S, Kaul S, Jain N, Nagaich U. Unveiling the Mpox menace: exploring the intricacies of a zoonotic virus and clinical implications. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116024. [PMID: 37481798 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is an orthopoxvirus based zoonotic infection that induces a smallpox-like human illness. Since the Democratic Republic of the Congo reported the first human case of mpox in 1970, the disease has proliferated to other areas of Africa, predominantly the West, and Central, with instances recently confirmed outside of Africa. Reports of cases of mpox in 2022 have brought into light its re-emergence. Even though the smallpox vaccine protects against the mpox virus, new nonimmune generations contribute to the rising prevalence of the cases. People are coming into contact with potential hosts as a result of environmental factors, raising the probability of animal-to-human transmission. Mpox poses a more serious threat to previously unaffected nations as it is showing up in data provided by governmental bodies due to increased transmission risk brought on by globalization, armed conflict, and environmental factors. In this article, we have extensively covered the virology, etiology, and epidemiology of the disease. Various gene studies, recent drugs studied, and clinical trials pertaining to mpox have been incorporated in this review. Additionally, we have compiled a comprehensive analysis of various systematic reviews and meta-analyses concerning pregnancies complicated by mpox, retrospective studies examining mpox and HIV-coinfection, mpox in conjuction with SARS-CoV-2, and HIV coinfection, as well as case studies exploring the implications of mpox manifestations in conjunction with syphilis, gonorrhoea, myocarditis, and neuroinflammatory implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Malhotra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Kaul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra Nagaich
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Rabie AH, Saleh AI. Monkeypox diagnosis using ensemble classification. Artif Intell Med 2023; 143:102618. [PMID: 37673562 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2023.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The world has recently been exposed to a fierce attack from many viral diseases, such as Covid-19, that exhausted medical systems around the world. Such attack had a negative impact not only on the health status of people or the high death rate, but also had a bad impact on the economic situation, which affected all countries of the world especially the poor and the developing ones. Monkeypox is one of the latest viral diseases that may cause a pandemic in the near future if not dealt and diagnosed with appropriately. This paper provides a new strategy for diagnosing monkeypox, which is called; Accurate Monkeypox Diagnosing Strategy (AMDS). The proposed AMDS consists of two phases, which are; (i) pre-processing and (ii) classification. During the pre-processing phase, the most effective feature are selected using Binary Tiki-Taka Algorithm (BTTA). On the other hand, in the classification phase, ensemble classification is used for diagnosing new cases, which combines evidence from three different new classifiers, namely; (a) Layered K-Nearest Neighbors (LKNN), (b) Statistical Naïve Bayes (SNB), and (c) Deep Learning Classifier (DLC). Moreover, the decisions of the proposed classifiers are merged in a new voting scheme called Fuzzified Voting Scheme (FVS). AMDS has been compared against recent diagnostic strategies. Experimental results have proven that AMDS outperforms other monkeypox diagnostic strategies as it introduces the most accurate diagnosis according to two different datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H Rabie
- Computer Engineering and Systems Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Saleh
- Computer Engineering and Systems Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Du M, Yan W, Zhu L, Liang W, Liu M, Liu J. Trends in the Baidu Index in Search Activity Related to Mpox at Geographical and Economic Levels and Associated Factors in China: National Longitudinal Analysis. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e44031. [PMID: 37610816 PMCID: PMC10483289 DOI: 10.2196/44031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research assessing trends in online search activity related to mpox in China is scarce. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide evidence for an overview of online information searching during an infectious disease outbreak by analyzing trends in online search activity related to mpox at geographical and economic levels in China and explore influencing factors. METHODS We used the Baidu index to present online search activity related to mpox from May 19 to September 19, 2022. Segmented interrupted time-series analysis was used to estimate trends in online search activity. Factors influencing these trends were analyzed using a general linear regression (GLM) model. We calculated the concentration index to measure economic-related inequality in online search activity and related trends. RESULTS Online search activity was highest on the day the first imported case of mpox appeared in Chongqing compared to 3 other cutoff time points. After the day of the first imported mpox case in Taiwan, the declaration of a public health emergency of international concern, the first imported mpox case in Hong Kong, and the first imported mpox case in Chongqing, national online search activity increased by 0.642%, 1.035%, 1.199%, and 2.023%, respectively. The eastern regions had higher increases than the central and western regions. Across 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions, the top 3 areas with higher increases were Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin at 3 time points, with the exception of the day of the first imported mpox case in Chongqing (Chongqing replaced Tianjin on that day). When AIDS incidence increased by 1 per 100,000 people, there was an increase after the day of the first imported mpox case in Chongqing of 36.22% (95% CI 3.29%-69.15%; P=.04) after controlling for other covariates. Online search activity (concentration index=0.18; P<.001) was more concentrated among populations with a higher economic status. Unlike the central area, the eastern (concentration index=0.234; P<.001) and western areas (concentration index=0.047; P=.04) had significant economic-related disparities (P for difference <.001) in online search activity. The overall concentration index of changes in online search activity became lower over time. CONCLUSIONS Regions with a higher economic level showed more interest in mpox, especially Beijing and Shanghai. After the day of the first imported mpox case in Chongqing, changes in online search activity were affected by AIDS incidence rate. Economic-related disparities in changes in online search activity became lower over time. It would be desirable to construct a reliable information source in regions with a higher economic level and higher AIDS incidence rate and promote public knowledge in regions with a lower economic level in China, especially after important public events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, School of Medicine, Center for Health Policy, Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Wannian Liang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
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Akash S, Mir SA, Mahmood S, Hossain S, Islam MR, Mukerjee N, Nayak B, Nafidi HA, Bin Jardan YA, Mekonnen A, Bourhia M. Novel computational and drug design strategies for inhibition of monkeypox virus and Babesia microti: molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation and drug design approach by natural compounds. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1206816. [PMID: 37538847 PMCID: PMC10394520 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1206816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The alarming increase in tick-borne pathogens such as human Babesia microti is an existential threat to global public health. It is a protozoan parasitic infection transmitted by numerous species of the genus Babesia. Second, monkeypox has recently emerged as a public health crisis, and the virus has spread around the world in the post-COVID-19 period with a very rapid transmission rate. These two novel pathogens are a new concern for human health globally and have become a significant obstacle to the development of modern medicine and the economy of the whole world. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the treatment of this disease. So, this research gap encourages us to find a potential inhibitor from a natural source. Methods and materials In this study, a series of natural plant-based biomolecules were subjected to in-depth computational investigation to find the most potent inhibitors targeting major pathogenic proteins responsible for the diseases caused by these two pathogens. Results Among them, most of the selected natural compounds are predicted to bind tightly to the targeted proteins that are crucial for the replication of these novel pathogens. Moreover, all the molecules have outstanding ADMET properties such as high aqueous solubility, a higher human gastrointestinal absorption rate, and a lack of any carcinogenic or hepatotoxic effects; most of them followed Lipinski's rule. Finally, the stability of the compounds was determined by molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) for 100 ns. During MDs, we observed that the mentioned compounds have exceptional stability against selected pathogens. Conclusion These advanced computational strategies reported that 11 lead compounds, including dieckol and amentoflavone, exhibited high potency, excellent drug-like properties, and no toxicity. These compounds demonstrated strong binding affinities to the target enzymes, especially dieckol, which displayed superior stability during molecular dynamics simulations. The MM/PBSA method confirmed the favorable binding energies of amentoflavone and dieckol. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to validate their efficacy. Our research highlights the role of Dieckol and Amentoflavone as promising candidates for inhibiting both monkeypox and Babesia microti, demonstrating their multifaceted roles in the control of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International, University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Showkat Ahmad Mir
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Sajjat Mahmood
- Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saddam Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International, University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- Department of Microbiology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Binata Nayak
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Hiba-Allah Nafidi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amare Mekonnen
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
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19
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Rabaan AA, Al-Shwaikh SA, Alfouzan WA, Al-Bahar AM, Garout M, Halwani MA, Albayat H, Almutairi NB, Alsaeed M, Alestad JH, Al-Mozaini MA, Ashgar TMA, Alotaibi S, Abuzaid AA, Aldawood Y, Alsaleh AA, Al-Afghani HM, Altowaileb JA, Alshukairi AN, Arteaga-Livias K, Singh KKB, Imran M. A Comprehensive Review on Monkeypox Viral Disease with Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutic Options. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1826. [PMID: 37509466 PMCID: PMC10376530 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to give an up-to-date, thorough, and timely overview of monkeypox (Mpox), a severe infectious viral disease. Furthermore, this review provides an up-to-date treatment option for Mpox. The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has remained the most virulent poxvirus for humans since the elimination of smallpox approximately 41 years ago, with distribution mainly in central and west Africa. Mpox in humans is a zoonotically transferred disease that results in symptoms like those of smallpox. It had spread throughout west and central Africa when it was first diagnosed in the Republic of Congo in 1970. Mpox has become a major threat to global health security, necessitating a quick response by virologists, veterinarians, public health professionals, doctors, and researchers to create high-efficiency diagnostic tests, vaccinations, antivirals, and other infection control techniques. The emergence of epidemics outside of Africa emphasizes the disease's global significance. A better understanding of Mpox's dynamic epidemiology may be attained by increased surveillance and identification of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Seham A Al-Shwaikh
- Department of Commitment Management, Directorate of Health Affairs in the Eastern Province, Dammam 31176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha A Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Ali M Al-Bahar
- Department of Laboratory, Dhahran Long Term Care Hospital, Dhahran 34257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 4781, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawra Albayat
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah B Almutairi
- Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alsaeed
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeehan H Alestad
- Immunology and Infectious Microbiology Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
- Microbiology Department, Collage of Medicine, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait
| | - Maha A Al-Mozaini
- Immunocompromsised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal, Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tala M Al Ashgar
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alotaibi
- Molecular Microbiology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Abuzaid
- Medical Microbiology Department, Security Forces Hospital Programme, Dammam 32314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Aldawood
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M Al-Afghani
- Laboratory Department, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah 24269, Saudi Arabia
- iGene Center for Research and Training, Jeddah 2022, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Altowaileb
- Microbiology Laboratory, Laboratory Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N Alshukairi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 22233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kovy Arteaga-Livias
- Escuela de Medicina-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica 11000, Peru
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huanuco 10000, Peru
| | - Kirnpal Kaur Banga Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Rabaan AA, Alasiri NA, Aljeldah M, Alshukairiis AN, AlMusa Z, Alfouzan WA, Abuzaid AA, Alamri AA, Al-Afghani HM, Al-Baghli N, Alqahtani N, Al-Baghli N, Almoutawa MY, Mahmoud Alawi M, Alabdullah M, Bati NAA, Alsaleh AA, Tombuloglu H, Arteaga-Livias K, Al-Ahdal T, Garout M, Imran M. An Updated Review on Monkeypox Viral Disease: Emphasis on Genomic Diversity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1832. [PMID: 37509470 PMCID: PMC10376458 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus has remained the most virulent poxvirus since the elimination of smallpox approximately 41 years ago, with distribution mostly in Central and West Africa. Monkeypox (Mpox) in humans is a zoonotically transferred disease that results in a smallpox-like disease. It was first diagnosed in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and the disease has spread over West and Central Africa. The purpose of this review was to give an up-to-date, thorough, and timely overview on the genomic diversity and evolution of a re-emerging infectious disease. The genetic profile of Mpox may also be helpful in targeting new therapeutic options based on genes, mutations, and phylogeny. Mpox has become a major threat to global health security, necessitating a quick response by virologists, veterinarians, public health professionals, doctors, and researchers to create high-efficiency diagnostic tests, vaccinations, antivirals, and other infection control techniques. The emergence of epidemics outside of Africa emphasizes the disease's global significance. Increased monitoring and identification of Mpox cases are critical tools for obtaining a better knowledge of the ever-changing epidemiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Nada A Alasiri
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer N Alshukairiis
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab AlMusa
- Infectious Disease Section, Internal Medicine Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam 32253, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha A Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmonem A Abuzaid
- Medical Microbiology Department, Security Forces Hospital Programme, Dammam 32314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aref A Alamri
- Molecular Microbiology and Cytogenetics Department, Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Riyadh 11425, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani M Al-Afghani
- Laboratory Department, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah 24269, Saudi Arabia
- iGene Center for Research and Training, Jeddah 2022, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadira Al-Baghli
- Directorate of Public Health, Dammam Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Alqahtani
- Directorate of Public Health, Dammam Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia Al-Baghli
- Directorate of Health Affairs, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashahed Y Almoutawa
- Primary Healthcare, Qatif Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Safwa 32833, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Mahmoud Alawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Infection Control and Environmental Health Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alabdullah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Mubarraz 36342, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neda A Al Bati
- Medical and Clinical Affairs, Rural Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmonem A Alsaleh
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kovy Arteaga-Livias
- Escuela de Medicina-Filial Ica, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica 11000, Peru
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huanuco 10000, Peru
| | - Tareq Al-Ahdal
- Research Associate, Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Neuenheimerfeld130/3, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
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Chauhan RP, Fogel R, Limson J. Overview of Diagnostic Methods, Disease Prevalence and Transmission of Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) in Humans and Animal Reservoirs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1186. [PMID: 37317160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mpox-formerly monkeypox-is a re-emerging zoonotic virus disease, with large numbers of human cases reported during multi-country outbreaks in 2022. The close similarities in clinical symptoms that Mpox shares with many orthopoxvirus (OPXV) diseases make its diagnosis challenging, requiring laboratory testing for confirmation. This review focuses on the diagnostic methods used for Mpox detection in naturally infected humans and animal reservoirs, disease prevalence and transmission, clinical symptoms and signs, and currently known host ranges. Using specific search terms, up to 2 September 2022, we identified 104 relevant original research articles and case reports from NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar databases for inclusion in the study. Our analyses observed that molecular identification techniques are overwhelmingly being used in current diagnoses, especially real-time PCR (3982/7059 cases; n = 41 studies) and conventional PCR (430/1830 cases; n = 30 studies) approaches being most-frequently-used to diagnose Mpox cases in humans. Additionally, detection of Mpox genomes, using qPCR and/or conventional PCR coupled to genome sequencing methods, offered both reliable detection and epidemiological analyses of evolving Mpox strains; identified the emergence and transmission of a novel clade 'hMPXV-1A' lineage B.1 during 2022 outbreaks globally. While a few current serologic assays, such as ELISA, reported on the detection of OPXV- and Mpox-specific IgG (891/2801 cases; n = 17 studies) and IgM antibodies (241/2688 cases; n = 11 studies), hemagglutination inhibition (HI) detected Mpox antibodies in human samples (88/430 cases; n = 6 studies), most other serologic and immunographic assays used were OPXV-specific. Interestingly, virus isolation (228/1259 cases; n = 24 studies), electron microscopy (216/1226 cases; n = 18 studies), and immunohistochemistry (28/40; n = 7 studies) remain useful methods of Mpox detection in humans in select instances using clinical and tissue samples. In animals, OPXV- and Mpox-DNA and antibodies were detected in various species of nonhuman primates, rodents, shrews, opossums, a dog, and a pig. With evolving transmission dynamics of Mpox, information on reliable and rapid detection methods and clinical symptoms of disease is critical for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravendra P Chauhan
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Ronen Fogel
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | - Janice Limson
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6139, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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22
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Martinez AE, Frattaroli P, Vu CA, Paniagua L, Mintz J, Bravo-Gonzalez A, Zamudio P, Barco A, Rampersad A, Lichtenberger P, Gonzales-Zamora JA. Successful Outcome after Treatment with Cidofovir, Vaccinia, and Extended Course of Tecovirimat in a Newly-Diagnosed HIV Patient with Severe Mpox: A Case Report. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030650. [PMID: 36992234 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To report a case of severe mpox in a newly diagnosed HIV patient concerning for Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) and/or tecovirimat resistance and to describe the management approach in the setting of refractory disease. Case: 49-year-old man presented with 2 weeks of perianal lesions. He tested positive for mpox PCR in the emergency room and was discharged home with quarantine instructions. Three weeks later, the patient returned with disseminated firm, nodular lesions in the face, neck, scalp, mouth, chest, back, legs, arms, and rectum, with worsening pain and purulent drainage from the rectum. The patient reported being on 3 days of tecovirimat treatment, which was prescribed by the Florida department of health (DOH). During this admission, he was found to be HIV positive. A pelvic CT scan revealed a 2.5 cm perirectal abscess. Treatment with tecovirimat was continued for 14 days, along with an empiric course of antibiotics for treatment of possible superimposed bacterial infection upon discharge. He was seen in the outpatient clinic and initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) with TAF/emtricitabine/bictegravir. Two weeks after starting ART, the patient was readmitted for worsening mpox rash and rectal pain. Urine PCR also returned positive for chlamydia, for which the patient was prescribed doxycycline. He was discharged on a second course of tecovirimat and antibiotic therapy. Ten days later, the patient was readmitted for the second time due to worsening symptoms and blockage of the nasal airway from progressing lesions. At this point, there were concerns for tecovirimat resistance, and after discussion with CDC, tecovirimat was reinitiated for the third time, with the addition of Cidofovir and Vaccinia, and showed an improvement in his symptoms. He received three doses of cidofovir and two doses of Vaccinia, and the patient was then discharged to complete 30 days of tecovirimat. Outpatient follow-up showed favorable outcomes and near resolution. Conclusion: We reported a challenging case of worsening mpox after Tecovirimat treatment in the setting of new HIV and ART initiation concerning IRIS vs. Tecovirimat resistance. Clinicians should consider the risk of IRIS and weigh the pros and cons of initiating or delaying ART. In patients not responding to first-line treatment with tecovirimat, resistance testing should be performed, and alternative options should be considered. Future research is needed to establish guidance on the role of Cidofovir and Vaccinia immune globulin and the continuation of tecovirimat for refractory mpox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres E Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Paola Frattaroli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Christine A Vu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lizy Paniagua
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Joel Mintz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Paola Zamudio
- Universidad Anáhuac Querétaro, Querétaro 76246, Mexico
| | - Astrid Barco
- Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayas 092301, Ecuador
| | - Aruna Rampersad
- Couva Hospital and Multi Training Facility, Couva 550214, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Paola Lichtenberger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jose A Gonzales-Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS), Albuquerque, NM 87111, USA
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Núñez-Cortés R, Calatayud J, López-Gil JF, Koyanagi A, Casaña J, López-Bueno R. Risk profile and mode of transmission of Mpox: A rapid review and individual patient data meta-analysis of case studies. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2410. [PMID: 36447360 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Since May 2022, an outbreak of Mpox in non-endemic countries has become a potential public health threat. The objective of this rapid review was to examine the risk profile and modes of transmission of Mpox. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception through July 30 to collect case reports/series on patients with Mpox infection. For meta-analysis, data on the total number of participants and deaths by binary categories of exposure (age, sex, country, other co-infections or existing conditions, and mode of contagion) were used. A total of 62 studies (4659 cases) were included. Most cases came from Africa (84.3%), followed by Europe (13.9%). In 63.6% of the cases, the mode of contagion was human contact, while 22.8% of the cases were by animal contact, and 13.5% were unknown or not reported. The mortality rate was 6.5% throughout these studies. The risk of mortality was higher in the younger age group (risk difference: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.02-0.36), in cases with other co-infections or current chronic conditions (risk difference: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05) and in the category of low- and middle-income countries (risk difference: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.05-0.08). There were no significant differences with respect to sex or mode of contagion. These results help to understand the major infection pathways and mortality risk profiles of Mpox and underscores the importance of preventing outbreaks in specific settings, especially in settings densely populated by children, such as day care centres and schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Cabrera-Gaytán DA, Alfaro-Martínez LA. [Monkeypox: the other pandemic, the other challenge]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:130-132. [PMID: 37200498 PMCID: PMC10396006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of monkeypox in Europe, this disease has gradually spread throughout the rest of the world. In Mexico, epidemiological notices have been issued with the main guidelines to follow in terms of epidemiological surveillance and official figures have been published regularly on a microsite weeks after the first cases. These sources of information were reviewed and analyzed, based on which observations are issued, in addition to other relevant publications on the subject, with the interest of reinforcing the surveillance of this disease in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alejandro Cabrera-Gaytán
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Coordinación de Calidad de Insumos y Laboratorios Especializados. Ciudad de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Liliana Angélica Alfaro-Martínez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia con Medicina Familiar No. 60 en México Oriente. Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, MéxicoInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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25
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Gandhi P A, Patro SK, Sandeep M, Satapathy P, Shamim MA, Kumar V, Aggarwal AK, Padhi BK, Sah R. Oral manifestation of the monkeypox virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 56:101817. [PMID: 36628187 PMCID: PMC9815964 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a global public health concern, given the recent outbreaks in non-endemic countries where little scientific evidence exists on the disease epidemiology. Oral lesions among mpox cases have been poorly reported. Our aim was to estimate the overall prevalence of oral manifestations among patients with mpox globally. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an extensive literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and preprint servers (medRxiv, arXiv, bioRxiv, BioRN, ChiRxiv, ChiRN, and SSRN) and assessment of all published articles, conducted across the world, until Nov 15 2022 as per the PROSPERO registration protocol (CRD42022371249), was undertaken. Primary studies (case series, cross-sectional, retrospective, prospective designs) that reported the oral/oropharyngeal symptoms among laboratory-confirmed mpox cases were included. The characteristics of the study, information on the number of cases, and symptomatic status were extracted from the included studies. The quality of the included studies was assessed for bias. Random-effects meta-regression with DerSimonian & Laird estimator, and subgroup analyses were conducted using STATA (v17.0). The degree of funnel plot asymmetry was assessed using Egger's test when at least 10 estimates were available. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of oral manifestations in the examined population. FINDINGS 19 studies were included with 4042 laboratory-confirmed patients with mpox for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. The pooled prevalence of oral manifestations in the investigated population was 36.75% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.77-50.65). Heterogeneity was found to be high in the current meta-analysis (I2 = 98.24%; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed a pooled prevalence of 39.96% (95% CI: 21.42-59.91) of sore throat, 24.80% (95% CI: 8.14-46.32) of mouth sore, 18.24% (95% CI: 0.34-52.54) of tonsillitis and 17.99% (95% CI: 15.66-20.43) of mouth rash from the included studies. INTERPRETATION Oral manifestations are common in patients with mpox, with variations in prevalence across the sites within the oral cavity, and geography of the studies. Healthcare workers should be wary of the oral signs and symptoms of mpox in endemic and high-risk areas. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Gandhi P
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sourabha Kumar Patro
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Vinay Kumar
- Unit of Orthodontics, Oral Health Sciences Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
- Corresponding author. Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India.
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 44613 Nepal.
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26
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AbdullGaffar B, Abdulrahman S. Monkeypox virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus skin coinfections. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28500. [PMID: 36653827 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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27
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Kannampuzha S, Das S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Renu K, Ramanathan G, Doss C GP, Vellingiri B, Dey A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. The pathophysiological and immunological background of the monkeypox virus infection: An update. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28206. [PMID: 36217803 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the COVID-19 waves, the globe is facing global monkeypox (MPX) outbreak. MPX is an uncommon zoonotic infection characterized by symptoms similar to smallpox. It is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus (OPXV). MPXV, which causes human disease, has been confined to Africa for many years, with only a few isolated cases in other areas. Outside of Africa, the continuing MPXV outbreak in multiple countries in 2022 is the greatest in recorded history. The current outbreak, with over 10 000 confirmed cases in over 50 countries between May and July 2022, demonstrates that MPXV may travel rapidly among humans and pose a danger to human health worldwide. The rapid spread of such outbreaks in recent times has elevated MPX to the status of a rising zoonotic disease with significant epidemic potential. While the MPXV is not as deadly or contagious as the variola virus that causes smallpox, it poses a threat because it could evolve into a more potent human pathogen. This review assesses the potential threat to the human population and provides a brief overview of what is currently known about this reemerging virus. By analyzing the biological effects of MPXV on human health, its shifting epidemiological footprint, and currently available therapeutic options, this review has presented the most recent insights into the biology of the virus. This study also clarifies the key potential causes that could be to blame for the present MPX outbreak and draw attention to major research questions and promising new avenues for combating the current MPX epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George Priya Doss C
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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28
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Yan D, Yan B. Metabolism Pathways of Major Therapeutics for Treating Monkeypox Mono- and Co-infection with Human Immunodeficient Virus or SARS-CoV-2. Curr Drug Metab 2023; 24:240-249. [PMID: 37287302 PMCID: PMC11089469 DOI: 10.2174/1389200224666230607124102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease and remains endemic in tropical regions of Central and West Africa. Since May of 2022, cases of monkeypox have soared and spread worldwide. Confirmed cases have shown no travel history to the endemic regions as seen in the past. The World Health Organization declared monkeypox a global public health emergency in July 2022, and the United States government followed suit one month later. The current outbreak, in contrast to traditional epidemics, has high coinfection rates, particularly with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), and to a lesser extent with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the pathogen of COVID-19. No drugs have been approved specifically for monkeypox. However, there are therapeutic agents authorized to treat monkeypox under the Investigational New Drug protocol, including brincidofovir, cidofovir, and tecovirimat. In contrast to limited options for monkeypox treatment, there are available drugs specifically for HIV or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, these HIV and COVID-19 medicines share metabolism pathways with those authorized to treat monkeypox, particularly of hydrolysis, phosphorylation, and active membrane transport. This review discusses how these pathways shared by these medicines should be considered to gain therapeutic synergy and maximize safety for treating monkeypox coinfections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street Boston, MA, 02118, United States
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, United States
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29
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Li Z, Li XX, Chen Y, Ruan Q, Huang X, Zhu G, Sun J. Persistence of monkeypox virus DNA in clinical specimens. J Infect 2022; 85:702-769. [PMID: 36265827 PMCID: PMC9574605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowan Li
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin,Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China..óGuangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China..óGuangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China..óGuangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China..óGuangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China..óGuangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghu Zhu
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin; Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China..óGuangdong Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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30
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Wang H, d’Abreu de Paulo KJI, Gültzow T, Zimmermann HML, Jonas KJ. Perceived Monkeypox Concern and Risk among Men Who Have Sex with Men: Evidence and Perspectives from The Netherlands. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:293. [PMID: 36288034 PMCID: PMC9612243 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current monkeypox epidemic is most prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM). PrEP users and MSM with HIV (MSMHIV) are considered at highest risk of monkeypox infection in The Netherlands, and are being targeted for monkeypox vaccination. Together with the epidemiological evidence, perceived concern and risk are also relevant for decision making about health behaviour, e.g., vaccination uptake. It is thus timely to examine which subpopulations among MSM consider themselves to be most at risk and are most concerned about monkeypox. This study aimed to help determine if the current measures to curb the epidemic are successfully targeted or not in The Netherlands. We conducted an online survey among 394 MSM living in The Netherlands. We first calculated the prevalence and standardised prevalence ratio (SPR) of high perceived monkeypox concern/risk by PrEP-use and HIV status. We then conducted two multivariable logistic regression analyses to investigate perceived monkeypox concern/risk and their potential socio-demographic/behavioural/health/psycho-social determinants. Among the included MSM, 52% showed high perceived concern about and 30% showed high perceived risk of monkeypox infection. PrEP users (SPR = 0.83) showed a significantly lower chance of perceived concern; in addition, MSMHIV (SPR = 2.09) were found to have a significantly higher chance of perceiving high risk of monkeypox infection. In the multivariable logistic analyses, non-PrEP users (aOR = 2.55) were more likely to perceive higher concern, while MSM who were retired (aOR = 0.23) and who had had chemsex recently (aOR = 0.63) were less likely to perceive higher concern. MSMHIV (aOR = 4.29) and MSM who had an unknown/undisclosed HIV status (aOR = 6.07), who had attended private sex parties (aOR = 2.10), and who knew people who have/had monkeypox (aOR = 2.10) were more likely to perceive a higher risk for monkeypox infection. We found that high perceived risk (aOR = 2.97) and high perceived concern (aOR = 3.13) were correlated with each other. In sum, only one-third of MSM living in The Netherlands considered themselves at high risk of monkeypox infection, and only half of them reported high concern. We identified a potential discrepancy between "actual risk" and perceived risk of and concern about monkeypox among MSM in this early stage of the monkeypox epidemic in The Netherlands, especially among PrEP users and MSMHIV. More refined public health communication strategies may be needed to improve the understanding and knowledge of the "actual risk" of monkeypox infections among MSM sub-populations, to facilitate health behaviour uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Wang
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, 6200 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Keikha M. Is sexual intercourse a major route of human Monkeypox transmission mode? - Correspondence. Int J Surg 2022; 106:106939. [PMID: 36150656 PMCID: PMC9528166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Chiappelli F, Fotovat L. Virus interference in CoViD-19. Bioinformation 2022; 18:768-773. [PMID: 37426505 PMCID: PMC10326336 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus interference is one of the oldest concepts in immunology. Recent findings indicate that it may depend on the host's anti-viral cellular immune surveillance processes, as well as on sequence-specific gene silencing mechanism guided by double-stranded RNA. Other biological events, unrelated to some degree at least from immune-dependent IFN or RNA-dependent viral interference may be at play as well. We discuss these biological mechanisms in the context of of the Systemic Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus2 (SARS-CoV2) virus responsible for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19).
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