1
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Diaz E, Sriram R, Gordon JW, Sinha A, Liu X, Sahin S, Crane J, Olson MP, Chen HY, Bernard J, Vigneron DB, Wang ZJ, Xu D, Larson PEZ. Data Format Standardization and DICOM Integration for Hyperpolarized 13C MRI. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.03147v1. [PMID: 38764595 PMCID: PMC11100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI has shown promise as a valuable modality for in vivo measurements of metabolism and is currently in human trials at 15 research sites worldwide. With this growth it is important to adopt standardized data storage practices as it will allow sites to meaningfully compare data. In this paper we (1) describe data that we believe should be stored and (2) demonstrate pipelines and methods that utilize the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. This includes proposing a set of minimum set of information that is specific to HP 13C MRI studies. We then show where the majority of these can be fit into existing DICOM Attributes, primarily via the "Contrast/Bolus" module. We also demonstrate pipelines for utilizing DICOM for HP 13C MRI. DICOM is the most common standard for clinical medical image storage and provides the flexibility to accommodate the unique aspects of HP 13C MRI, including the HP agent information but also spectroscopic and metabolite dimensions. The pipelines shown include creating DICOM objects for studies on human and animal imaging systems with various pulse sequences. We also show a python-based method to efficiently modify DICOM objects to incorporate the unique HP 13C MRI information that is not captured by existing pipelines. Moreover, we propose best practices for HP 13C MRI data storage that will support future multi-site trials, research studies and technical developments of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Diaz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Avantika Sinha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sule Sahin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason Crane
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marram P Olson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jenna Bernard
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Diaz E, Sriram R, Gordon JW, Sinha A, Liu X, Sahin SI, Crane JC, Olson MP, Chen HY, Bernard JML, Vigneron DB, Wang ZJ, Xu D, Larson PEZ. Data Format Standardization and DICOM Integration for Hyperpolarized 13C MRI. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024:10.1007/s10278-024-01100-2. [PMID: 38710970 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-024-01100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI has shown promise as a valuable modality for in vivo measurements of metabolism and is currently in human trials at 15 research sites worldwide. With this growth, it is important to adopt standardized data storage practices as it will allow sites to meaningfully compare data. In this paper, we (1) describe data that we believe should be stored and (2) demonstrate pipelines and methods that utilize the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. This includes proposing a set of minimum set of information that is specific to HP 13C MRI studies. We then show where the majority of these can be fit into existing DICOM attributes, primarily via the "Contrast/Bolus" module. We also demonstrate pipelines for utilizing DICOM for HP 13C MRI. DICOM is the most common standard for clinical medical image storage and provides the flexibility to accommodate the unique aspects of HP 13C MRI, including the HP agent information but also spectroscopic and metabolite dimensions. The pipelines shown include creating DICOM objects for studies on human and animal imaging systems with various pulse sequences. We also show a python-based method to efficiently modify DICOM objects to incorporate the unique HP 13C MRI information that is not captured by existing pipelines. Moreover, we propose best practices for HP 13C MRI data storage that will support future multi-site trials, research studies, and technical developments of this imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Diaz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avantika Sinha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sule I Sahin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason C Crane
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marram P Olson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jenna M L Bernard
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Wodtke P, Grashei M, Schilling F. Quo Vadis Hyperpolarized 13C MRI? Z Med Phys 2023:S0939-3889(23)00120-4. [PMID: 38160135 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, hyperpolarized 13C MRI has gained significance in both preclinical and clinical studies, hereby relying on technologies like PHIP-SAH (ParaHydrogen-Induced Polarization-Side Arm Hydrogenation), SABRE (Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange), and dDNP (dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization), with dDNP being applied in humans. A clinical dDNP polarizer has enabled studies across 24 sites, despite challenges like high cost and slow polarization. Parahydrogen-based techniques like SABRE and PHIP offer faster, more cost-efficient alternatives but require molecule-specific optimization. The focus has been on imaging metabolism of hyperpolarized probes, which requires long T1, high polarization and rapid contrast generation. Efforts to establish novel probes, improve acquisition techniques and enhance data analysis methods including artificial intelligence are ongoing. Potential clinical value of hyperpolarized 13C MRI was demonstrated primarily for treatment response assessment in oncology, but also in cardiology, nephrology, hepatology and CNS characterization. In this review on biomedical hyperpolarized 13C MRI, we summarize important and recent advances in polarization techniques, probe development, acquisition and analysis methods as well as clinical trials. Starting from those we try to sketch a trajectory where the field of biomedical hyperpolarized 13C MRI might go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar of Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Mandzhieva I, Adelabu I, Nantogma S, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Delivering Robust Proton-Only Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1,2- 13C 2]-Pyruvate Using Broad-Spectral-Range Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Pulse Sequences. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4101-4110. [PMID: 37948125 PMCID: PMC10883757 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate is the leading hyperpolarized injectable contrast agent and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials for molecular imaging of metabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. One aspect limiting broad scalability of the technique is that hyperpolarized 13C MRI requires specialized 13C hardware and software that are not generally available on clinical MRI scanners, which employ proton-only detection. Here, we present an approach that uses pulse sequences to transfer 13C hyperpolarization to methyl protons for detection of the 13C-13C pyruvate singlet, employing proton-only excitation and detection only. The new pulse sequences are robust to the B1 and B0 magnetic field inhomogeneities. The work focuses on singlet-to-magnetization (S2M) and rotor-synchronized (R) pulses, both relying on trains of hard pulses with broad spectral width coverage designed to effectively transform hyperpolarized 13C2-singlet hyperpolarization to 1H polarization on the CH3 group of [1,2-13C2]pyruvate. This approach may enable a broader adoption of hyperpolarized MRI as a molecular imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Mandzhieva
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Shiraz Nantogma
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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5
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Lê TP, Hyacinthe JN, Capozzi A. Multi-sample/multi-nucleus parallel polarization and monitoring enabled by a fluid path technology compatible cryogenic probe for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7962. [PMID: 37198242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low throughput is one of dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) main shortcomings. Especially for clinical and preclinical applications, where direct 13C nuclei polarization is usually pursued, it takes hours to generate one single hyperpolarized (HP) sample. Being able to hyperpolarize more samples at once represents a clear advantage and can expand the range and complexity of the applications. In this work, we present the design and performance of a highly versatile and customizable dDNP cryogenic probe, herein adapted to a 5 T "wet" preclinical polarizer, that can accommodate up to three samples at once and, most importantly, it is capable of monitoring the solid-state spin dynamics of each sample separately, regardless of the kind of radical used and the nuclear species of interest. Within 30 min, the system was able to dispense three HP solutions with high repeatability across the channels (30.0 ± 1.2% carbon polarization for [1-13C]pyruvic acid doped with trityl radical). Moreover, we tested multi-nucleus NMR capability by polarizing and monitoring simultaneously 13C, 1H and 129Xe. Finally, we implemented [1-13C]lactate/[1-13C]pyruvate polarization and back-to-back dissolution and injection in a healthy mouse model to perform multiple-substrate HP Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) at 14.1 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Phong Lê
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Image Guided Intervention Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle - Perret - Gentil, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 47 Avenue de Champel, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Yu D, Zhou L, Liu X, Xu G. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics based on mass spectrometry: Methods and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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7
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Mandzhieva I, Adelabu I, Chekmenev EY, Theis T. Proton-Only Sensing of Hyperpolarized [1,2- 13C 2]Pyruvate. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3773-3781. [PMID: 36414238 PMCID: PMC10284333 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized MRI is emerging as a next-generation molecular imaging modality that can detect metabolic transformations in real time deep inside tissue and organs. 13C-hyperpolarized pyruvate is the leading hyperpolarized contrast agent that can probe cellular energetics in real time. Currently, hyperpolarized MRI requires specialized "multinuclear" MRI scanners that have the ability to excite and detect 13C signals. The objective of this work is the development of an approach that works on conventional (i.e., proton-only) MRI systems while taking advantage of long-lived 13C hyperpolarization. The long-lived singlet state of [1,2-13C2]pyruvate is hyperpolarized with parahydrogen in reversible exchange, and subsequently, the polarization is transferred from the 13C2 spin pair to the methyl protons of pyruvate for detection. This polarization transfer is accomplished with spin-lock induced crossing pulses that are only applied to the methyl protons yet access the hyperpolarization stored in the 13C2 singlet state. Theory and first experimental demonstrations are provided for our method, which obviates 13C excitation and detection for proton sensing of 13C-hyperpolarized pyruvate with an overall experimental-polarization transfer efficiency of ∼22% versus a theoretically predicted polarization transfer efficiency of 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Mandzhieva
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Isaiah Adelabu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Biosciences (Ibio), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
- Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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8
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Liu X, Tang S, Mu C, Qin H, Cu D, Lai YC, Riselli AM, Delos Santos R, Carvajal L, Gebrezgiabhier D, Bok RA, Chen HY, Flavell RR, Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PE. Development of specialized magnetic resonance acquisition techniques for human hyperpolarized [ 13 C, 15 N 2 ]urea + [1- 13 C]pyruvate simultaneous perfusion and metabolic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1039-1054. [PMID: 35526263 PMCID: PMC9810116 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop and demonstrate the in vivo feasibility of a 3D stack-of-spiral balanced steady-state free precession(3D-bSSFP) urea sequence, interleaved with a metabolite-specific gradient echo (GRE) sequence for pyruvate and metabolic products, for improving the SNR and spatial resolution of the first hyperpolarized 13 C-MRI human study with injection of co-hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea. METHODS A metabolite-specific bSSFP urea imaging sequence was designed using a urea-specific excitation pulse, optimized TR, and 3D stack-of-spiral readouts. Simulations and phantom studies were performed to validate the spectral response of the sequence. The image quality of urea data acquired by the 3D-bSSFP sequence and the 2D-GRE sequence was evaluated with 2 identical injections of co-hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea formula in a rat. Subsequently, the feasibility of the acquisition strategy was validated in a prostate cancer patient. RESULTS Simulations and phantom studies demonstrated that 3D-bSSFP sequence achieved urea-only excitation, while minimally perturbing other metabolites (<1%). An animal study demonstrated that compared to GRE, bSSFP sequence provided an ∼2.5-fold improvement in SNR without perturbing urea or pyruvate kinetics, and bSSFP approach with a shorter spiral readout reduced blurring artifacts caused by J-coupling of [13 C,15 N2 ]urea. The human study demonstrated the in vivo feasibility and data quality of the acquisition strategy. CONCLUSION The 3D-bSSFP urea sequence with a stack-of-spiral acquisition demonstrated significantly increased SNR and image quality for [13 C,15 N2 ]urea in co-hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea imaging studies. This work lays the foundation for future human studies to achieve high-quality and high-SNR metabolism and perfusion images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- HeartVista Inc., Los Altos, California, USA
| | - Changhua Mu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Di Cu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Andrew M. Riselli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Gebrezgiabhier
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E.Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Fite BZ, Wang J, Ghanouni P, Ferrara KW. A Review of Imaging Methods to Assess Ultrasound-Mediated Ablation. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9758652. [PMID: 35957844 PMCID: PMC9364780 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9758652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound ablation techniques are minimally invasive alternatives to surgical resection and have rapidly increased in use. The response of tissue to HIFU ablation differs based on the relative contributions of thermal and mechanical effects, which can be varied to achieve optimal ablation parameters for a given tissue type and location. In tumor ablation, similar to surgical resection, it is desirable to include a safety margin of ablated tissue around the entirety of the tumor. A factor in optimizing ablative techniques is minimizing the recurrence rate, which can be due to incomplete ablation of the target tissue. Further, combining focal ablation with immunotherapy is likely to be key for effective treatment of metastatic cancer, and therefore characterizing the impact of ablation on the tumor microenvironment will be important. Thus, visualization and quantification of the extent of ablation is an integral component of ablative procedures. The aim of this review article is to describe the radiological findings after ultrasound ablation across multiple imaging modalities. This review presents readers with a general overview of the current and emerging imaging methods to assess the efficacy of ultrasound ablative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Z. Fite
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Wang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Pejman Ghanouni
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Andreou C, Weissleder R, Kircher MF. Multiplexed imaging in oncology. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:527-540. [PMID: 35624151 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In oncology, technologies for clinical molecular imaging are used to diagnose patients, establish the efficacy of treatments and monitor the recurrence of disease. Multiplexed methods increase the number of disease-specific biomarkers that can be detected simultaneously, such as the overexpression of oncogenic proteins, aberrant metabolite uptake and anomalous blood perfusion. The quantitative localization of each biomarker could considerably increase the specificity and the accuracy of technologies for clinical molecular imaging to facilitate granular diagnoses, patient stratification and earlier assessments of the responses to administered therapeutics. In this Review, we discuss established techniques for multiplexed imaging and the most promising emerging multiplexing technologies applied to the imaging of isolated tissues and cells and to non-invasive whole-body imaging. We also highlight advances in radiology that have been made possible by multiplexed imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nanotechnology (CMINT), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Moritz F Kircher
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Sharma G, Wen X, Maptue NR, Hever T, Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Khemtong C. Co-Polarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate and [1,3- 13C 2]Acetoacetate Provide a Simultaneous View of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Redox in a Single Experiment. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3967-3977. [PMID: 34761912 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cellular redox is intricately linked to energy production and normal cell function. Although the redox states of mitochondria and cytosol are connected by shuttle mechanisms, the redox state of mitochondria may differ from redox in the cytosol in response to stress. However, detecting these differences in functioning tissues is difficult. Here, we employed 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]acetoacetate ([1,3-13C2]AcAc) to monitor production of hyperpolarized (HP) lactate and β-hydroxybutyrate as indicators of cytosolic and mitochondrial redox, respectively. Isolated rat hearts were examined under normoxic conditions, during low-flow ischemia, and after pretreatment with either aminooxyacetate (AOA) or rotenone. All interventions were associated with an increase in [Pi]/[ATP] measured by 31P NMR. In well-oxygenated untreated hearts, rapid conversion of HP [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc to [1,3-13C2]β-hydroxybutyrate ([1,3-13C2]β-HB) was readily detected. A significant increase in HP [1,3-13C2]β-HB but not [1-13C]lactate was observed in rotenone-treated and ischemic hearts, consistent with an increase in mitochondrial NADH but not cytosolic NADH. AOA treatments did not alter the productions of HP [1-13C]lactate or [1,3-13C2]β-HB. This study demonstrates that biomarkers of mitochondrial and cytosolic redox may be detected simultaneously in functioning tissues using co-polarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1,3-13C2]AcAc and 13C MRS and that changes in mitochondrial redox may precede changes in cytosolic redox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Nesmine R. Maptue
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Thomas Hever
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chalermchai Khemtong
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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12
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Letertre MPM, Giraudeau P, de Tullio P. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Clinical Metabolomics and Personalized Medicine: Current Challenges and Perspectives. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:698337. [PMID: 34616770 PMCID: PMC8488110 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.698337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine is probably the most promising area being developed in modern medicine. This approach attempts to optimize the therapies and the patient care based on the individual patient characteristics. Its success highly depends on the way the characterization of the disease and its evolution, the patient’s classification, its follow-up and the treatment could be optimized. Thus, personalized medicine must combine innovative tools to measure, integrate and model data. Towards this goal, clinical metabolomics appears as ideally suited to obtain relevant information. Indeed, the metabolomics signature brings crucial insight to stratify patients according to their responses to a pathology and/or a treatment, to provide prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, and to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, the translation of metabolomics from laboratory studies to clinical practice remains a subsequent challenge. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) are the two key platforms for the measurement of the metabolome. NMR has several advantages and features that are essential in clinical metabolomics. Indeed, NMR spectroscopy is inherently very robust, reproducible, unbiased, quantitative, informative at the structural molecular level, requires little sample preparation and reduced data processing. NMR is also well adapted to the measurement of large cohorts, to multi-sites and to longitudinal studies. This review focus on the potential of NMR in the context of clinical metabolomics and personalized medicine. Starting with the current status of NMR-based metabolomics at the clinical level and highlighting its strengths, weaknesses and challenges, this article also explores how, far from the initial “opposition” or “competition”, NMR and MS have been integrated and have demonstrated a great complementarity, in terms of sample classification and biomarker identification. Finally, a perspective discussion provides insight into the current methodological developments that could significantly raise NMR as a more resolutive, sensitive and accessible tool for clinical applications and point-of-care diagnosis. Thanks to these advances, NMR has a strong potential to join the other analytical tools currently used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pascal de Tullio
- Metabolomics Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research of Medicine (CIRM), Department of Pharmacy, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgique
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13
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Elliott SJ, Stern Q, Ceillier M, El Daraï T, Cousin SF, Cala O, Jannin S. Practical dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:59-100. [PMID: 34852925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review article intends to provide insightful advice for dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization in the form of a practical handbook. The goal is to aid research groups to effectively perform such experiments in their own laboratories. Previous review articles on this subject have covered a large number of useful topics including instrumentation, experimentation, theory, etc. The topics to be addressed here will include tips for sample preparation and for checking sample health; a checklist to correctly diagnose system faults and perform general maintenance; the necessary mechanical requirements regarding sample dissolution; and aids for accurate, fast and reliable polarization quantification. Herein, the challenges and limitations of each stage of a typical dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization experiment are presented, with the focus being on how to quickly and simply overcome some of the limitations often encountered in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Elliott
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Quentin Stern
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Théo El Daraï
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samuel F Cousin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
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14
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Qin H, Tang S, Riselli AM, Bok RA, Delos Santos R, van Criekinge M, Gordon JW, Aggarwal R, Chen R, Goddard G, Zhang CT, Chen A, Reed G, Ruscitto DM, Slater J, Sriram R, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate and urea MRI for simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:138-149. [PMID: 34374471 PMCID: PMC8616838 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The combined hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pyruvate and urea MRI has provided a simultaneous assessment of glycolytic metabolism and tissue perfusion for improved cancer diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation in preclinical studies. This work aims to translate this dual‐probe HP imaging technique to clinical research. Methods A co‐polarization system was developed where [1‐13C]pyruvic acid (PA) and [13C, 15N2]urea in water solution were homogeneously mixed and polarized on a 5T SPINlab system. Physical and chemical characterizations and toxicology studies of the combined probe were performed. Simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging was performed on a 3T clinical MR scanner by alternatively applying a multi‐slice 2D spiral sequence for [1‐13C]pyruvate and its downstream metabolites and a 3D balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence for [13C, 15N2]urea. Results The combined PA/urea probe has a glass‐formation ability similar to neat PA and can generate nearly 40% liquid‐state 13C polarization for both pyruvate and urea in 3‐4 h. A standard operating procedure for routine on‐site production was developed and validated to produce 40 mL injection product of approximately 150 mM pyruvate and 35 mM urea. The toxicology study demonstrated the safety profile of the combined probe. Dynamic metabolite‐specific imaging of [1‐13C]pyruvate, [1‐13C]lactate, [1‐13C]alanine, and [13C, 15N2]urea was achieved with adequate spatial (2.6 mm × 2.6 mm) and temporal resolution (4.2 s), and urea images showed reduced off‐resonance artifacts due to the JCN coupling. Conclusion The reported technical development and translational studies will lead to the first‐in‐human dual‐agent HP MRI study and mark the clinical translation of the first HP 13C MRI probe after pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew M Riselli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Albert Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Galen Reed
- General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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15
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Wang C, Padgett KR, Su MY, Mellon EA, Maziero D, Chang Z. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) for treatment response assessment of radiation therapy. Med Phys 2021; 49:2794-2819. [PMID: 34374098 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the modern radiation therapy (RT) workflow. In comparison with computed tomography (CT) imaging, which is the dominant imaging modality in RT, MRI possesses excellent soft-tissue contrast for radiographic evaluation. Based on quantitative models, MRI can be used to assess tissue functional and physiological information. With the developments of scanner design, acquisition strategy, advanced data analysis, and modeling, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), a combination of morphologic and functional imaging modalities, has been increasingly adopted for disease detection, localization, and characterization. Integration of mpMRI techniques into RT enriches the opportunities to individualize RT. In particular, RT response assessment using mpMRI allows for accurate characterization of both tissue anatomical and biochemical changes to support decision-making in monotherapy of radiation treatment and/or systematic cancer management. In recent years, accumulating evidence have, indeed, demonstrated the potentials of mpMRI in RT response assessment regarding patient stratification, trial benchmarking, early treatment intervention, and outcome modeling. Clinical application of mpMRI for treatment response assessment in routine radiation oncology workflow, however, is more complex than implementing an additional imaging protocol; mpMRI requires additional focus on optimal study design, practice standardization, and unified statistical reporting strategy to realize its full potential in the context of RT. In this article, the mpMRI theories, including image mechanism, protocol design, and data analysis, will be reviewed with a focus on the radiation oncology field. Representative works will be discussed to demonstrate how mpMRI can be used for RT response assessment. Additionally, issues and limits of current works, as well as challenges and potential future research directions, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle R Padgett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Min-Ying Su
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eric A Mellon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Danilo Maziero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zheng Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Lau AZ, Chen AP, Cunningham CH. Cardiac metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]lactate as a substrate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4532. [PMID: 33963784 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) [1-13 C]lactate is an attractive alternative to [1-13 C]pyruvate as a substrate to investigate cardiac metabolism in vivo: it can be administered safely at a higher dose and can be polarized to a degree similar to pyruvate via dynamic nuclear polarization. While 13 C cardiac experiments using HP lactate have been performed in small animal models, they have not been demonstrated in large animal models or humans. Utilizing the same hardware and data acquisition methods as the first human HP 13 C cardiac study, 13 C metabolic images were acquired following injections of HP [1-13 C]lactate in porcine hearts. Data were also acquired using HP [1-13 C]pyruvate for comparison. The 13 C bicarbonate signal was localized to the myocardium and had a similar appearance with both substrates for all animals. No 13 C pyruvate signal was detected in the experiments following injection of HP 13 C lactate. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of injected lactate was 88 ± 4% of the SNR of injected pyruvate, and the SNR of bicarbonate in the experiments using lactate as the substrate was 52 ± 19% of the SNR in the experiments using pyruvate as the substrate. The lower SNR was likely due to the shorter T1 of [1-13 C]lactate as compared with [1-13 C]pyruvate and the additional enzyme-catalyzed metabolic conversion step before the 13 C nuclei from [1-13 C]lactate were detected as 13 C bicarbonate. While challenges remain, the potential of HP lactate as a substrate for clinical metabolic imaging of human heart has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Z Lau
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Charles H Cunningham
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Entwicklung molekularer Sonden für die hyperpolarisierte NMR‐Bildgebung im biologischen Bereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage Chiba-city 263-8555 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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18
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McGee KP, Hwang KP, Sullivan DC, Kurhanewicz J, Hu Y, Wang J, Li W, Debbins J, Paulson E, Olsen JR, Hua CH, Warner L, Ma D, Moros E, Tyagi N, Chung C. Magnetic resonance biomarkers in radiation oncology: The report of AAPM Task Group 294. Med Phys 2021; 48:e697-e732. [PMID: 33864283 PMCID: PMC8361924 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetic resonance (MR) biologic marker (biomarker) is a measurable quantitative characteristic that is an indicator of normal biological and pathogenetic processes or a response to therapeutic intervention derived from the MR imaging process. There is significant potential for MR biomarkers to facilitate personalized approaches to cancer care through more precise disease targeting by quantifying normal versus pathologic tissue function as well as toxicity to both radiation and chemotherapy. Both of which have the potential to increase the therapeutic ratio and provide earlier, more accurate monitoring of treatment response. The ongoing integration of MR into routine clinical radiation therapy (RT) planning and the development of MR guided radiation therapy systems is providing new opportunities for MR biomarkers to personalize and improve clinical outcomes. Their appropriate use, however, must be based on knowledge of the physical origin of the biomarker signal, the relationship to the underlying biological processes, and their strengths and limitations. The purpose of this report is to provide an educational resource describing MR biomarkers, the techniques used to quantify them, their strengths and weakness within the context of their application to radiation oncology so as to ensure their appropriate use and application within this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiaran P McGee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ken-Pin Hwang
- Department of Imaging Physics, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel C Sullivan
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yanle Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Josef Debbins
- Department of Radiology, Barrow Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Eric Paulson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Olsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Daniel Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eduardo Moros
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Neelam Tyagi
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Chung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Michel KA, Ragavan M, Walker CM, Merritt ME, Lai SY, Bankson JA. Comparison of selective excitation and multi-echo chemical shift encoding for imaging of hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 325:106927. [PMID: 33607386 PMCID: PMC8009829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging methods for hyperpolarized (HP) 13C agents must sample the evolution of signal from multiple agents with distinct chemical shifts within a very brief timeframe (typically < 1 min), which is challenging using conventional imaging methods. In this work, we compare two of the most commonly used HP spectroscopic imaging methods, spectral-spatial selective excitation and multi-echo chemical shift encoding (CSE, also referred to as IDEAL), for a typical preclinical HP [1-13C]pyruvate imaging scan at 7 T. Both spectroscopic encoding techniques were implemented and validated in HP experiments imaging enzyme phantoms and the murine kidney. SNR performance of these two spectroscopic imaging approaches was compared in numerical simulations and phantom experiments using a single-shot flyback EPI readout for spatial encoding. With identical effective excitation angles, the SNR of images acquired with spectral-spatial excitations and CSE were found to be effectively equivalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Michel
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Medical Physics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Medical Physics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.
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20
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Lees H, Millan M, Ahamed F, Eskandari R, Granlund KL, Jeong S, Keshari KR. Multi-sample measurement of hyperpolarized pyruvate-to-lactate flux in melanoma cells. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4447. [PMID: 33314422 PMCID: PMC8288443 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate can be used to examine the metabolic state of cancer cells, highlighting a key metabolic characteristic of cancer: the upregulated metabolic flux to lactate, even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). Thus, the rate constant of 13 C exchange of pyruvate to lactate, kPL , can serve as a metabolic biomarker of cancer presence, aggressiveness and therapy response. Established in vitro hyperpolarized experiments dissolve the probe for each cell sample independently, an inefficient process that consumes excessive time and resources. Expanding on our previous development of a microcoil with greatly increased detection sensitivity (103 -fold) compared with traditional in vitro methods, we present a novel microcoil equipped with a 10-μL vertical reservoir and an experimental protocol utilizing deuterated dissolution buffer to measure metabolic flux in multiple mass-limited cell suspension samples using a single dissolution. This method increases efficiency and potentially reduces the methodological variability associated with hyperpolarized experiments. This technique was used to measure pyruvate-to-lactate flux in melanoma cells to assess BRAF-inhibition treatment response. There was a significant reduction of kPL in BRAFV600E cells following 24 and 48 hours of treatment with 2 μM vemurafenib (P ≤ .05). This agrees with significant changes observed in the pool sizes of extracellular lactate (P ≤ .05) and glucose (P ≤ .001) following 6 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively, and a significant reduction in cell proliferation following 72 hours of treatment (P ≤ .01). BRAF inhibition had no significant effect on the metabolic flux of BRAFWT cells. These data demonstrate a 6-8-fold increase in efficiency for the measurement of kPL in cell suspension samples compared with traditional hyperpolarized in vitro methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lees
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Micaela Millan
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fayyaz Ahamed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristin L. Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Kondo Y, Nonaka H, Takakusagi Y, Sando S. Design of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Molecular Probes for Hyperpolarized Bioimaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14779-14799. [PMID: 32372551 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear hyperpolarization has emerged as a method to dramatically enhance the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy. By application of this powerful tool, small molecules with stable isotopes have been used for highly sensitive biomedical molecular imaging. The recent development of molecular probes for hyperpolarized in vivo analysis has demonstrated the ability of this technique to provide unique metabolic and physiological information. This review presents a brief introduction of hyperpolarization technology, approaches to the rational design of molecular probes for hyperpolarized analysis, and examples of molecules that have met with success in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kondo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takakusagi
- Institute of Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba-city, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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22
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Park I, Kim S, Pucciarelli D, Song J, Choi JM, Lee KH, Kim YH, Jung S, Yoon W, Nakamura JL. Differentiating Radiation Necrosis from Brain Tumor Using Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MR Metabolic Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:417-426. [PMID: 33442835 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Differentiation between radiation-induced necrosis and tumor recurrence is crucial to determine proper management strategies but continues to be one of the central challenges in neuro-oncology. We hypothesized that hyperpolarized 13C MRI, a unique technique to measure real-time in vivo metabolism, would distinguish radiation necrosis from tumor on the basis of cell-intrinsic metabolic differences. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate for differentiating radiation necrosis from brain tumors. PROCEDURES Radiation necrosis was initiated by employing a CT-guided 80-Gy single-dose irradiation of a half cerebrum in mice (n = 7). Intracerebral tumor was modeled with two orthotopic mouse models: GL261 glioma (n = 6) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastasis (n = 7). 13C 3D MR spectroscopic imaging data were acquired following hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate injection approximately 89 and 14 days after treatment for irradiated and tumor-bearing mice, respectively. The ratio of lactate to pyruvate (Lac/Pyr), normalized lactate, and pyruvate in contrast-enhancing lesion was compared between the radiation-induced necrosis and brain tumors. Histopathological analysis was performed from resected brains. RESULTS Conventional MRI exhibited typical radiographic features of radiation necrosis and brain tumor with large areas of contrast enhancement and T2 hyperintensity in all animals. Normalized lactate in radiation necrosis (0.10) was significantly lower than that in glioma (0.26, P = .004) and LLC metastatic tissue (0.25, P = .00007). Similarly, Lac/Pyr in radiation necrosis (0.18) was significantly lower than that in glioma (0.55, P = .00008) and LLC metastasis (0.46, P = .000008). These results were consistent with histological findings where tumor-bearing brains were highly cellular, while irradiated brains exhibited pathological markers consistent with reparative changes from radiation necrosis. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized 13C MR metabolic imaging of pyruvate is a noninvasive imaging method that differentiates between radiation necrosis and brain tumors, providing a groundwork for further clinical investigation and translation for the improved management of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Seulkee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Daniela Pucciarelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Yun Hyeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Shin Jung
- Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Woong Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Jean L Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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23
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Gordon JW, Autry AW, Tang S, Graham JY, Bok RA, Zhu X, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Li Y, Ohilger MA, Abraham MR, Xu D, Vigneron DB, Larson PEZ. A variable resolution approach for improved acquisition of hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic MRI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2943-2952. [PMID: 32697867 PMCID: PMC7719570 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ameliorate tradeoffs between a fixed spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. METHODS In MRI, SNR is proportional to voxel volume but retrospective downsampling or voxel averaging only improves SNR by the square root of voxel size. This can be exploited with a metabolite-selective imaging approach that independently encodes each compound, yielding high-resolution images for the injected substrate and coarser resolution images for downstream metabolites, while maintaining adequate SNR for each. To assess the efficacy of this approach, hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate data were acquired in healthy Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4) and in two healthy human subjects. RESULTS Compared with a constant resolution acquisition, variable-resolution data sets showed improved detectability of metabolites in pre-clinical renal studies with a 3.5-fold, 8.7-fold, and 6.0-fold increase in SNR for lactate, alanine, and bicarbonate data, respectively. Variable-resolution data sets from healthy human subjects showed cardiac structure and neuro-vasculature in the higher resolution pyruvate images (6.0 × 6.0 mm2 for cardiac and 7.5 × 7.5 mm2 for brain) that would otherwise be missed due to partial-volume effects and illustrates the level of detail that can be achieved with hyperpolarized substrates in a clinical setting. CONCLUSION We developed a variable-resolution strategy for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI using metabolite-selective imaging and demonstrated that it mitigates tradeoffs between a fixed spatial resolution and SNR for hyperpolarized substrates, providing both high resolution pyruvate and coarse resolution metabolite data sets in a single exam. This technique shows promise to improve future studies by maximizing metabolite SNR while minimizing partial-volume effects from the injected substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adam W. Autry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jasmine Y. Graham
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Javier E. Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael A. Ohilger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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24
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Bøgh N, Hansen ESS, Mariager CØ, Bertelsen LB, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Cardiac pH-Imaging With Hyperpolarized MRI. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:603674. [PMID: 33244471 PMCID: PMC7683793 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.603674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the importance of acid-base disturbances in cardiac disease, there are currently no methods for clinical detection of pH in the heart. Several magnetic resonance imaging techniques hold translational promise and may enable in-vivo mapping of pH. We provide a brief overview of these emerging techniques. A particular focus is on the promising advance of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging with hyperpolarized 13C-subtrates as biomarkers of myocardial pH. Hyperpolarization allows quantification of key metabolic substrates and their metabolites. Hereby, pH-sensitive reactions can be probed to provide a measure of acid-base alterations. To date, the most used substrates are [1-13C]pyruvate and 13C-labeled bicarbonate; however, others have been suggested. In cardiovascular medicine, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to probe acid-base disturbances following pharmacological stress, ischemia and heart failure in animals. In addition to pH-estimation, the technique can quantify fluxes such as the pivotal conversion of pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase. This capability, a good safety profile and the fact that the technique is employable in clinical scanners have led to recent translation in early clinical trials. Thus, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging may provide clinical pH-imaging in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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25
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Kreis F, Wright AJ, Somai V, Katz‐Brull R, Brindle KM. Increasing the sensitivity of hyperpolarized [ 15 N 2 ]urea detection by serial transfer of polarization to spin-coupled protons. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1844-1856. [PMID: 32153046 PMCID: PMC8629126 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized 15 N-labeled molecules have been proposed as imaging agents for investigating tissue perfusion and pH. However, the sensitivity of direct 15 N detection is limited by the isotope's low gyromagnetic ratio. Sensitivity can be increased by transferring 15 N hyperpolarization to spin-coupled protons provided that there is not significant polarization loss during transfer. However, complete polarization transfer would limit the temporal window for imaging to the order of the proton T1 (2-3 s). To exploit the long T1 offered by storing polarization in 15 N and the higher sensitivity of 1 H detection, we have developed a pulse sequence for partial polarization transfer. METHODS A polarization transfer pulse sequence was modified to allow partial polarization transfer, as is required for dynamic measurements, and that can be implemented with inhomogeneous B1 fields, as is often the case in vivo. The sequence was demonstrated with dynamic spectroscopy and imaging measurements with [15 N2 ]urea. RESULTS When compared to direct 15 N detection, the sequence increased the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by a factor of 1.72 ± 0.25, where both experiments depleted ~20% of the hyperpolarization (>10-fold when 100% of the hyperpolarization is used). Simulations with measured cross relaxation rates showed that this sequence gave up to a 50-fold increase in urea proton polarization when compared to spontaneous polarization transfer via cross relaxation. CONCLUSION The sequence gave an SNR increase that was close to the theoretical limit and can give a significant SNR benefit when compared to direct 13 C detection of hyperpolarized [13 C]urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kreis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alan J. Wright
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Vencel Somai
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rachel Katz‐Brull
- Department of RadiologyFaculty of MedicineHadassah Medical CenterHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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26
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Harlan CJ, Xu Z, Michel KA, Walker CM, Lokugama SD, Martinez GV, Pagel MD, Bankson JA. Technical Note: A deuterated 13 C-urea reference for clinical multiparametric MRI prostate cancer studies including hyperpolarized pyruvate. Med Phys 2020; 47:2931-2936. [PMID: 32286689 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate offers unprecedented new insight into disease and response to therapy. 13 C-enriched reference standards are required to enable fast and accurate calibration for 13 C studies, but care must be taken to ensure that the reference is compatible with both 13 C and 1 H acquisitions. The goal of this study was to optimize the composition of a 13 C-urea reference for a dual-tuned 13 C/1 H endorectal coil and minimize imaging artifacts in metabolic and multiparametric MRI studies involving hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate. METHODS Due to a high amount of Gd doping for the purpose of reducing the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ) of urea, the 1 H signal produced by a reference of 13 C-urea in normal water was rapidly relaxed, resulting in severe artifacts in heavily T1 -weighted images. Hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1 H images were mitigated by reducing the 1 H concentration in a 13 C-urea reference via deuteration and lyophilization. Several references were fabricated and their SNR was compared using 1 H and 13 C imaging sequences on a 3T MRI scanner. Finally, 1 H prostate phantom imaging was conducted to compare image quality and 1 H signal intensity of normal and deuterated urea references. RESULTS The deuterated 13 C-urea reference provides strong 13 C signal for calibration and an attenuated 1 H signal that does not interfere with heavily T1 -weighted scans. Deuteration and lyophilization were fundamental to the reduction in 1 H signal and hyperintense ringing artifacts. There was a 25-fold reduction in signal intensity when comparing the nondeuterated reference to the deuterated reference, while the 13 C signal was unaffected. CONCLUSION A deuterated reference reduced hyperintense ringing artifacts in 1 H images by reducing the 1 H signal produced from the 13 C-urea in the reference. The deuterated reference can be used to improve anatomical image quality in future clinical 1 H and hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate MRI prostate imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin J Harlan
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Keith A Michel
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sanjaya D Lokugama
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Gary V Martinez
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mark D Pagel
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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27
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Qin H, Zhang V, Bok RA, Santos RD, Cunha JA, Hsu IC, Santos Bs JD, Lee JE, Sukumar S, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J. Simultaneous Metabolic and Perfusion Imaging Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRI Can Evaluate Early and Dose-Dependent Response to Radiation Therapy in a Prostate Cancer Mouse Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 107:887-896. [PMID: 32339646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate use of a novel imaging approach, hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for simultaneous metabolism and perfusion assessment, to evaluate early and dose-dependent response to radiation therapy (RT) in a prostate cancer mouse model. METHODS AND MATERIALS Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice (n = 18) underwent single-fraction RT (4-14 Gy steep dose across the tumor) and were imaged serially at pre-RT baseline and 1, 4, and 7 days after RT using HP 13C MRI with combined [1-13C]pyruvate (metabolic active agent) and [13C]urea (perfusion agent), coupled with conventional multiparametric 1H MRI including T2-weighted, dynamic contrast-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted imaging. Tumor tissues were collected 4 and 7 days after RT for biological correlative studies. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in HP pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in tumors responding to RT, with concomitant significant increases in HP pyruvate-to-alanine conversion and HP urea signal; the opposite changes were observed in tumors resistant to RT. Moreover, HP lactate change was dependent on radiation dose; tumor regions treated with higher radiation doses (10-14 Gy) exhibited a greater decrease in HP lactate signal than low-dose regions (4-7 Gy) as early as 1 day post-RT, consistent with lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity and expression data. We also found that HP [13C]urea MRI provided assessments of tumor perfusion similar to those provided by 1H dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in this animal model. However, apparent diffusion coefficien , a conventional 1H MRI functional biomarker, did not exhibit statistically significant changes within 7 days after RT. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the ability of HP 13C MRI to monitor radiation-induced physiologic changes in a timely and dose-dependent manner, providing the basic science premise for further clinical investigation and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Vickie Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - J Adam Cunha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - I-Chow Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Justin Delos Santos Bs
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessie E Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Subramaniam Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California.
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28
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Topping GJ, Hundshammer C, Nagel L, Grashei M, Aigner M, Skinner JG, Schulte RF, Schilling F. Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:221-256. [PMID: 31811491 PMCID: PMC7109201 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Rider OJ, Apps A, Miller JJJJ, Lau JYC, Lewis AJM, Peterzan MA, Dodd MS, Lau AZ, Trumper C, Gallagher FA, Grist JT, Brindle KM, Neubauer S, Tyler DJ. Noninvasive In Vivo Assessment of Cardiac Metabolism in the Healthy and Diabetic Human Heart Using Hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Circ Res 2020; 126:725-736. [PMID: 32078413 PMCID: PMC7077975 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The recent development of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy has made it possible to measure cellular metabolism in vivo, in real time. OBJECTIVE By comparing participants with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we report the first case-control study to use this technique to record changes in cardiac metabolism in the healthy and diseased human heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen people with T2DM (glycated hemoglobin, 6.9±1.0%) and 12 age-matched healthy controls underwent assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic function, myocardial energetics (31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and lipid content (1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in the fasted state. In a subset (5 T2DM, 5 control), hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectra were also acquired and in 5 of these participants (3 T2DM, 2 controls), this was successfully repeated 45 minutes after a 75 g oral glucose challenge. Downstream metabolism of [1-13C]pyruvate via PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase, [13C]bicarbonate), lactate dehydrogenase ([1-13C]lactate), and alanine transaminase ([1-13C]alanine) was assessed. Metabolic flux through cardiac PDH was significantly reduced in the people with T2DM (Fasted: 0.0084±0.0067 [Control] versus 0.0016±0.0014 [T2DM], Fed: 0.0184±0.0109 versus 0.0053±0.0041; P=0.013). In addition, a significant increase in metabolic flux through PDH was observed after the oral glucose challenge (P<0.001). As is characteristic of diabetes mellitus, impaired myocardial energetics, myocardial lipid content, and diastolic function were also demonstrated in the wider study cohort. CONCLUSIONS This work represents the first demonstration of the ability of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy to noninvasively assess physiological and pathological changes in cardiac metabolism in the human heart. In doing so, we highlight the potential of the technique to detect and quantify metabolic alterations in the setting of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Rider
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Apps
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack J J J Miller
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics (J.J.J.J.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Justin Y C Lau
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J M Lewis
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Peterzan
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Dodd
- School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, United Kingdom (M.S.D.)
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (A.Z.L.)
| | - Claire Trumper
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A Gallagher
- Department of Radiology (F.A.G., J.T.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology (F.A.G., J.T.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (K.M.B.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Damian J Tyler
- From the Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (O.J.R., A.A., J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., A.J.M.L., M.A.P., C.T., S.N., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (J.J.J.J.M., J.Y.C.L., D.J.T.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Stewart NJ, Matsumoto S. Biomedical Applications of the Dynamic Nuclear Polarization and Parahydrogen Induced Polarization Techniques for Hyperpolarized 13C MR Imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2019; 20:1-17. [PMID: 31902907 PMCID: PMC7952198 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2019-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first pioneering report of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Warburg effect in prostate cancer patients, clinical dissemination of the technique has been rapid; close to 10 sites worldwide now possess a polarizer fit for the clinic, and more than 30 clinical trials, predominantly for oncological applications, are already registered on the US and European clinical trials databases. Hyperpolarized 13C probes to study pathophysiological processes beyond the Warburg effect, including tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, intra-cellular pH and cellular necrosis have also been demonstrated in the preclinical arena and are pending clinical translation, and the simultaneous injection of multiple co-polarized agents is opening the door to high-sensitivity, multi-functional molecular MRI with a single dose. Here, we review the biomedical applications to date of the two polarization methods that have been used for in vivo hyperpolarized 13C molecular MRI; namely, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization. The basic concept of hyperpolarization and the fundamental theory underpinning these two key 13C hyperpolarization methods, along with recent technological advances that have facilitated biomedical realization, are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University
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31
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Korenchan DE, Bok R, Sriram R, Liu K, Santos RD, Qin H, Lobach I, Korn N, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR. Hyperpolarized in vivo pH imaging reveals grade-dependent acidification in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6096-6110. [PMID: 31692908 PMCID: PMC6817439 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for new and robust imaging biomarkers to distinguish indolent from aggressive prostate cancer. Hallmarks of aggressive tumors such as a decrease in extracellular pH (pHe) can potentially be used to identify aggressive phenotypes. In this study, we employ an optimized, high signal-to-noise ratio hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pHe imaging method to discriminate between indolent and aggressive disease in a murine model of prostate cancer. Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice underwent a multiparametric MR imaging exam, including HP [13C] bicarbonate MRI for pHe, with 1H apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping and HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRI to study lactate metabolism. Tumor tissue was excised for histological staining and qRT-PCR to quantify mRNA expression for relevant glycolytic enzymes and transporters. We observed good separation in pHe between low- and high-grade tumor regions, with high-grade tumors demonstrating a lower pHe. The pHe also correlated strongly with monocarboxylate transporter Mct4 gene expression across all tumors, suggesting that lactate export via MCT4 is associated with acidification in this model. Our results implicate extracellular acidification as an indicator of indolent-to-aggressive transition in prostate cancer and suggest feasibility of HP pHe imaging to detect high-grade, clinically significant disease in men as part of a multiparametric MRI examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristina Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Iryna Lobach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalie Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lee JE, Diederich CJ, Bok R, Sriram R, Santos RD, Noworolski SM, Salgaonkar VA, Adams MS, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Assessing high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of prostate cancer with hyperpolarized 13 C dual-agent imaging of metabolism and perfusion. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3962. [PMID: 30022550 PMCID: PMC6338537 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to establish early hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C MRI metabolic and perfusion changes that predict effective high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation and lead to improved adjuvant treatment of partially treated regions. To accomplish this a combined HP dual-agent (13 C pyruvate and 13 C urea) 13 C MRI/multiparametric 1 H MRI approach was used to measure prostate cancer metabolism and perfusion 3-4 h, 1 d, and 5 d after exposure to ablative and sub-lethal doses of HIFU within adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate tumors using a focused ultrasound applicator designed for murine studies. Pathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of the ablated tumor demonstrated fragmented, non-viable cells and vasculature consistent with coagulative necrosis, and a mixture of destroyed tissue and highly proliferative, poorly differentiated tumor cells in tumor tissues exposed to sub-lethal heat doses in the ablative margin. In ablated regions, the intensity of HP 13 C lactate or HP 13 C urea and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI area under the curve images were reduced to the level of background noise by 3-4 h after treatment with no recovery by the 5 d time point in either case. In the tissues that received sub-lethal heat dose, there was a significant 60% ± 12.4% drop in HP 13 C lactate production and a significant 30 ± 13.7% drop in urea perfusion 3-4 h after treatment, followed by recovery to baseline by 5 d after treatment. DCE MRI Ktrans showed a similar trend to HP 13 C urea, demonstrating a complete loss of perfusion with no recovery in the ablated region, while having a 40%-50% decrease 3-4 h after treatment followed by recovery to baseline values by 5 d in the margin region. The utility of the HP 13 C MR measures of perfusion and metabolism in optimizing focal HIFU, either alone or in combination with adjuvant therapy, deserves further testing in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie E. Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
- University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering
| | - Chris J. Diederich
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
- University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Susan M. Noworolski
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
- University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering
| | | | - Matthew S. Adams
- University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
- University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
- University of California, Berkeley, and University of California, San Francisco Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering
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Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071026. [PMID: 31330859 PMCID: PMC6678451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between individual cancer cells, and between subcellular compartments, has been steadily elucidated. Changes in temporal pH-related processes on both fast and slow time scales, including altered kinetics of bicarbonate-CO2 exchange and its effects on pH buffering and gradual, progressive changes driven by changes in metabolism, are further implicated in phenotypic changes observed in cancers. These discoveries have been driven by advances in imaging technologies. This review provides an overview of intra- and extracellular pH alterations in time and space reflected in cancer cells, as well as the available technology to study pH spatiotemporal heterogeneity.
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Korenchan DE, Gordon JW, Subramaniam S, Sriram R, Baligand C, VanCriekinge M, Bok R, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Larson PEZ, Kurhanewicz J, Flavell RR. Using bidirectional chemical exchange for improved hyperpolarized [ 13 C]bicarbonate pH imaging. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:959-972. [PMID: 31050049 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rapid chemical exchange can affect SNR and pH measurement accuracy for hyperpolarized pH imaging with [13 C]bicarbonate. The purpose of this work was to investigate chemical exchange effects on hyperpolarized imaging sequences to identify optimal sequence parameters for high SNR and pH accuracy. METHODS Simulations were performed under varying rates of bicarbonate-CO2 chemical exchange to analyze exchange effects on pH quantification accuracy and SNR under different sampling schemes. Four pulse sequences, including 1 new technique, a multiple-excitation 2D EPI (multi-EPI) sequence, were compared in phantoms using hyperpolarized [13 C]bicarbonate, varying parameters such as tip angles, repetition time, order of metabolite excitation, and refocusing pulse design. In vivo hyperpolarized bicarbonate-CO2 exchange measurements were made in transgenic murine prostate tumors to select in vivo imaging parameters. RESULTS Modeling of bicarbonate-CO2 exchange identified a multiple-excitation scheme for increasing CO2 SNR by up to a factor of 2.7. When implemented in phantom imaging experiments, these sampling schemes were confirmed to yield high pH accuracy and SNR gains. Based on measured bicarbonate-CO2 exchange in vivo, a 47% CO2 SNR gain is predicted. CONCLUSION The novel multi-EPI pulse sequence can boost CO2 imaging signal in hyperpolarized 13 C bicarbonate imaging while introducing minimal pH bias, helping to surmount a major hurdle in hyperpolarized pH imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sukumar Subramaniam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Celine Baligand
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mark VanCriekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - David M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,UC Berkeley, UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, California
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Slater J, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Hess CP, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions. Radiology 2019; 291:273-284. [PMID: 30835184 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon 13 (13C) MRI is an emerging molecular imaging method that allows rapid, noninvasive, and pathway-specific investigation of dynamic metabolic and physiologic processes that were previously inaccessible to imaging. This technique has enabled real-time in vivo investigations of metabolism that are central to a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases of the liver and kidney. This review provides an overview of the methods of hyperpolarization and 13C probes investigated to date in preclinical models of disease. The article then discusses the progress that has been made in translating this technology for clinical investigation. In particular, the potential roles and emerging clinical applications of HP [1-13C]pyruvate MRI will be highlighted. The future directions to enable the adoption of this technology to advance the basic understanding of metabolism, to improve disease diagnosis, and to accelerate treatment assessment are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J Wang
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Robert A Bok
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James Slater
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christopher P Hess
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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36
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Bok R, Lee J, Sriram R, Keshari K, Sukumar S, Daneshmandi S, Korenchan DE, Flavell RR, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Seth P. The Role of Lactate Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression and Metastases Revealed by Dual-Agent Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020257. [PMID: 30813322 PMCID: PMC6406929 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applied a dual-agent, 13C-pyruvate and 13C-urea, hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and multi-parametric (mp) 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model to investigate changes in tumor perfusion and lactate metabolism during prostate cancer development, progression and metastases, and after lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) knock-out. An increased Warburg effect, as measured by an elevated hyperpolarized (HP) Lactate/Pyruvate (Lac/Pyr) ratio, and associated Ldha expression and LDH activity were significantly higher in high- versus low-grade TRAMP tumors and normal prostates. The hypoxic tumor microenvironment in high-grade tumors, as measured by significantly decreased HP 13C-urea perfusion and increased PIM staining, played a key role in increasing lactate production through increased Hif1α and then Ldha expression. Increased lactate induced Mct4 expression and an acidic tumor microenvironment that provided a potential mechanism for the observed high rate of lymph node (86%) and liver (33%) metastases. The Ldha knockdown in the triple-transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer resulted in a significant reduction in HP Lac/Pyr, which preceded a reduction in tumor volume or apparent water diffusion coefficient (ADC). The Ldha gene knockdown significantly reduced primary tumor growth and reduced lymph node and visceral metastases. These data suggested a metabolic transformation from low- to high-grade prostate cancer including an increased Warburg effect, decreased perfusion, and increased metastatic potential. Moreover, these data suggested that LDH activity and lactate are required for tumor progression. The lactate metabolism changes during prostate cancer provided the motivation for applying hyperpolarized 13C MRSI to detect aggressive disease at diagnosis and predict early therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jessie Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kayvan Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Saeed Daneshmandi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - David E Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Robert R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Tang S, Milshteyn E, Reed G, Gordon J, Bok R, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Vigneron DB, Larson PE. A regional bolus tracking and real-time B 1 calibration method for hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:839-851. [PMID: 30277268 PMCID: PMC6289616 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acquisition timing and B1 calibration are two key factors that affect the quality and accuracy of hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. The goal of this project was to develop a new approach using regional bolus tracking to trigger Bloch-Siegert B1 mapping and real-time B1 calibration based on regional B1 measurements, followed by dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized 13 C metabolites in vivo. METHODS The proposed approach was implemented on a system which allows real-time data processing and real-time control on the sequence. Real-time center frequency calibration upon the bolus arrival was also added. The feasibility of applying the proposed framework for in vivo hyperpolarized 13 C imaging was tested on healthy rats, tumor-bearing mice and a healthy volunteer on a clinical 3T scanner following hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate injection. Multichannel receive coils were used in the human study. RESULTS Automatic acquisition timing based on either regional bolus peak or bolus arrival was achieved with the proposed framework. Reduced blurring artifacts in real-time reconstructed images were observed with real-time center frequency calibration. Real-time computed B1 scaling factors agreed with real-time acquired B1 maps. Flip angle correction using B1 maps results in a more consistent quantification of metabolic activity (i.e, pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, kPL ). Experiment recordings are provided to demonstrate the real-time actions during the experiment. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was successfully demonstrated on animals and a human volunteer, and is anticipated to improve the efficient use of the hyperpolarized signal as well as the accuracy and robustness of hyperpolarized 13 C imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Tang
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Eugene Milshteyn
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zihan Zhu
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E.Z. Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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38
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Lin C, Salzillo TC, Bader DA, Wilkenfeld SR, Awad D, Pulliam TL, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Titus M, McGuire SE, Bhattacharya PK, Frigo DE. Prostate Cancer Energetics and Biosynthesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:185-237. [PMID: 31900911 PMCID: PMC8096614 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers must alter their metabolism to satisfy the increased demand for energy and to produce building blocks that are required to create a rapidly growing tumor. Further, for cancer cells to thrive, they must also adapt to an often changing tumor microenvironment, which can present new metabolic challenges (ex. hypoxia) that are unfavorable for most other cells. As such, altered metabolism is now considered an emerging hallmark of cancer. Like many other malignancies, the metabolism of prostate cancer is considerably different compared to matched benign tissue. However, prostate cancers exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics that set them apart from many other tumor types. In this chapter, we will describe the known alterations in prostate cancer metabolism that occur during initial tumorigenesis and throughout disease progression. In addition, we will highlight upstream regulators that control these metabolic changes. Finally, we will discuss how this new knowledge is being leveraged to improve patient care through the development of novel biomarkers and metabolically targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Bader
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean E McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Molecular Medicine Program, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Lane AN, Higashi RM, Fan TWM. NMR and MS-based Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics and Applications in Cancer Metabolism. Trends Analyt Chem 2018; 120. [PMID: 32523238 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in defining metabolic reprogramming in human diseases, which is recognized as a hallmark of human cancer. Although radiotracers have a long history in specific metabolic studies, stable isotope-enriched precursors coupled with modern high resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy have enabled systematic mapping of metabolic networks and fluxes in cells, tissues and living organisms including humans. These analytical platforms are high in information content, are complementary and cross-validating in terms of compound identification, quantification, and isotope labeling pattern analysis of a large number of metabolites simultaneously. Furthermore, new developments in chemoselective derivatization and in vivo spectroscopy enable tracking of labile/low abundance metabolites and metabolic kinetics in real-time. Here we review developments in Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) and recent applications in cancer metabolism using a wide variety of stable isotope tracers that probe both broad and specific aspects of cancer metabolism required for proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Dept. Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can be performed in vivo using commercial MRI systems to obtain biochemical information about tissues and cancers. Applications in brain, prostate and breast aid lesion detection and characterisation (differential diagnosis), treatment planning and response assessment. Multi-centre clinical trials have been performed in all these tissues. Single centre studies have been performed in many other tissues including cervix, uterus, musculoskeletal and liver. While generally MRS is used to study endogenous metabolites it has also been used in drug studies, for example those that include 19F as part of their structure. Recently the hyperpolarisation of compounds enriched with 13C such as [1-13C] pyruvate has been demonstrated in animal models and now in preliminary clinical studies, permitting the monitoring of biochemical processes with unprecedented sensitivity. This review briefly introduces the underlying methods and then discusses the current status of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Payne
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
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41
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Emerging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologies for Radiation Therapy Planning and Response Assessment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 101:1046-1056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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43
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Taglang C, Korenchan DE, von Morze C, Yu J, Najac C, Wang S, Blecha JE, Subramaniam S, Bok R, VanBrocklin HF, Vigneron DB, Ronen SM, Sriram R, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. Late-stage deuteration of 13C-enriched substrates for T 1 prolongation in hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5233-5236. [PMID: 29726563 PMCID: PMC6054790 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust and selective late-stage deuteration methodology was applied to 13C-enriched amino and alpha hydroxy acids to increase spin-lattice relaxation constant T1 for hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging. For the five substrates with 13C-labeling on the C1-position ([1-13C]alanine, [1-13C]serine, [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]glycine, and [1-13C]valine), significant increase of their T1 was observed at 3 T with deuterium labeling (+26%, 22%, +16%, +25% and +29%, respectively). Remarkably, in the case of [2-13C]alanine, [2-13C]serine and [2-13C]lactate, deuterium labeling led to a greater than four fold increase in T1. [1-13C,2-2H]alanine, produced using this method, was applied to in vitro enzyme assays with alanine aminotransferase, demonstrating a kinetic isotope effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Justin Yu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Joseph E. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sukumar Subramaniam
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Sabrina M. Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Sriram R, Sun J, Villanueva-Meyer J, Mutch C, De Los Santos J, Peters J, Korenchan DE, Neumann K, Van Criekinge M, Kurhanewicz J, Rosenberg O, Wilson D, Ohliger MA. Detection of Bacteria-Specific Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized [2- 13C]Pyruvate. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:797-805. [PMID: 29405697 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of bacterial infection from other causes of inflammation is difficult in clinical practice and is critical where patient outcomes rely heavily on early interventions. In addition to physical exam and laboratory markers, several imaging modalities are frequently employed, but these techniques generally target the host immune response, rather than the living microorganisms themselves. Here, we describe a method to detect bacteria-specific metabolism using hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This technology allows visualization of the real-time conversion of enriched 13C substrates to their metabolic products, identified by their distinct chemical shifts. We have identified the rapid metabolism of HP [2-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]acetate as a metabolic signature of common bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate this conversion in representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and its absence in key mammalian cell types. Furthermore, this conversion was successfully modulated in three mutant strains, corresponding to deletions of relevant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jinny Sun
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Javier Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Christopher Mutch
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Justin De Los Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jason Peters
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - David E. Korenchan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Kiel Neumann
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, 480 Ray C. Hunt Drive, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Oren Rosenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - David Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Fourth Street, Box 2520, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, California 94110, United States
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Kumar V, Bora GS, Kumar R, Jagannathan NR. Multiparametric (mp) MRI of prostate cancer. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 105:23-40. [PMID: 29548365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. A large number of men are detected with PCa; however, the clinical behavior ranges from low-grade indolent tumors that never develop into a clinically significant disease to aggressive, invasive tumors that may rapidly progress to metastatic disease. The challenges in clinical management of PCa are at levels of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up after treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have shown a potential role in detection, localization, staging, assessment of aggressiveness, targeting biopsies, etc. in PCa patients. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is emerging as a better option compared to the individual imaging methods used in the evaluation of PCa. There are attempts to improve the reproducibility and reliability of mpMRI by using an objective scoring system proposed in the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PIRADS) for standardized reporting. Prebiopsy mpMRI may be used to detect PCa in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination and to enable targeted biopsies. mpMRI can also be used to decide on clinical management of patients, for example active surveillance, and may help in detecting only the pathology that requires detection. It can potentially not only guide patient selection for initial and repeat biopsy but also reduce false-negative biopsies. This review presents a description of the MR methods most commonly applied for investigations of prostate. The anatomical, functional and metabolic parameters obtained from these MR methods are discussed with regard to their physical basis and their contribution to mpMRI investigations of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Girdhar S Bora
- Department of Urology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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46
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Eldirdiri A, Clemmensen A, Bowen S, Kjaer A, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Simultaneous imaging of hyperpolarized [1,4- 13 C 2 ]fumarate, [1- 13 C]pyruvate and 18 F-FDG in a rat model of necrosis in a clinical PET/MR scanner. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3803. [PMID: 29044751 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A co-polarization scheme for [1,4-13 C2 ]fumarate and [1-13 C]pyruvate is presented to simultaneously assess necrosis and metabolism in rats with hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance (MR). The co-polarization was performed in a SPINlab polarizer. In addition, the feasibility of simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and MR of small animals with a clinical PET/MR scanner is demonstrated. The hyperpolarized metabolic MR and PET was demonstrated in a rat model of necrosis. The polarization and T1 of the co-polarized [1,4-13 C2 ]fumarate and [1-13 C]pyruvate substrates were measured in vitro and compared with those obtained when the substrates were polarized individually. A polarization of 36 ± 4% for fumarate and 37 ± 6% for pyruvate was obtained. We found no significant difference in the polarization and T1 values between the dual and single substrate polarization. Rats weighing about 400 g were injected intramuscularly in one of the hind legs with 200 μL of turpentine to induce necrosis. Two hours later, 13 C metabolic maps were obtained with a chemical shift imaging sequence (16 × 16) with a resolution of 3.1 × 5.0 × 25.0 mm3 . The 13 C spectroscopic images were acquired in 12 s, followed by an 8-min 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18 F-FDG) PET acquisition with a resolution of 3.5 mm. [1,4-13 C2 ]Malate was observed from the tissue injected with turpentine indicating necrosis. Normal [1-13 C]pyruvate metabolism and 18 F-FDG uptake were observed from the same tissue. The proposed co-polarization scheme provides a means to utilize multiple imaging agents simultaneously, and thus to probe various metabolic pathways in a single examination. Moreover, it demonstrates the feasibility of small animal research on a clinical PET/MR scanner for combined PET and hyperpolarized metabolic MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr Eldirdiri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Andreas Clemmensen
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sean Bowen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- GE Healthcare, Broendby, Denmark
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47
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Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Heterogeneity: Imaging Perspectives Using MR Imaging and Spectroscopy. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:6053879. [PMID: 29114178 PMCID: PMC5654284 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6053879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain viability via genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, expressing overall dynamic heterogeneity. The complex relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins provide unique and convertible tissue contrasts, making magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pertinent imaging tools in both clinics and research. In this review, we summarized MR methods that visualize tumor characteristics and its metabolic phenotypes on an anatomical, microvascular, microstructural, microenvironmental, and metabolomics scale. The review will progress from the utilities of basic spin-relaxation contrasts in cancer imaging to more advanced imaging methods that measure tumor-distinctive parameters such as perfusion, water diffusion, magnetic susceptibility, oxygenation, acidosis, redox state, and cell death. Analytical methods to assess tumor heterogeneity are also reviewed in brief. Although the clinical utility of tumor heterogeneity from imaging is debatable, the quantification of tumor heterogeneity using functional and metabolic MR images with development of robust analytical methods and improved MR methods may offer more critical roles of tumor heterogeneity data in clinics. MRI/MRS can also provide insightful information on pharmacometabolomics, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment response. With these future directions in mind, we anticipate the widespread utilization of these MR-based techniques in studying in vivo cancer biology to better address significant clinical needs.
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48
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Baligand C, Qin H, True-Yasaki A, Gordon J, von Morze C, Santos JD, Wilson D, Raffai R, Cowley PM, Baker AJ, Kurhanewicz J, Lovett DH, Wang ZJ. Hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance evaluation of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in a murine model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3765. [PMID: 28708304 PMCID: PMC5618802 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated across diverse forms of AKI and in the transition to CKD. In this study, we applied hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C dehydroascorbate (DHA) and 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the renal redox capacity and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, respectively, in a murine model of AKI at baseline and 7 days after unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Compared with the contralateral sham-operated kidneys, the kidneys subjected to IRI showed a significant decrease in the HP 13 C vitamin C/(vitamin C + DHA) ratio, consistent with a decrease in redox capacity. The kidneys subjected to IRI also showed a significant decrease in the HP 13 C bicarbonate/pyruvate ratio, consistent with impaired PDH activity. The IRI kidneys showed a significantly higher HP 13 C lactate/pyruvate ratio at day 7 compared with baseline, although the 13 C lactate/pyruvate ratio was not significantly different between the IRI and contralateral sham-operated kidneys at day 7. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated significantly reduced perfusion in the IRI kidneys. Renal tissue analysis showed corresponding increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced PDH activity in the IRI kidneys. Our results show the feasibility of HP 13 C MRS for the non-invasive assessment of oxidative stress and mitochondrial PDH activity following renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Baligand
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hecong Qin
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aisha True-Yasaki
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Justin DeLos Santos
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David Wilson
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert Raffai
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick M. Cowley
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anthony J. Baker
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David H. Lovett
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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49
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Silvers MA, Deja S, Singh N, Egnatchik RA, Sudderth J, Luo X, Beg MS, Burgess SC, DeBerardinis RJ, Boothman DA, Merritt ME. The NQO1 bioactivatable drug, β-lapachone, alters the redox state of NQO1+ pancreatic cancer cells, causing perturbation in central carbon metabolism. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18203-18216. [PMID: 28916726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer treatments, such as those for managing recalcitrant tumors like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, cause off-target toxicities in normal, healthy tissue, highlighting the need for more tumor-selective chemotherapies. β-Lapachone is bioactivated by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This enzyme exhibits elevated expression in most solid cancers and therefore is a potential cancer-specific target. β-Lapachone's therapeutic efficacy partially stems from the drug's induction of a futile NQO1-mediated redox cycle that causes high levels of superoxide and then peroxide formation, which damages DNA and causes hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, resulting in extensive NAD+/ATP depletion. However, the effects of this drug on energy metabolism due to NAD+ depletion were never described. The futile redox cycle rapidly consumes O2, rendering standard assays of Krebs cycle turnover unusable. In this study, a multimodal analysis, including metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized pyruvate, points to reduced oxidative flux due to NAD+ depletion after β-lapachone treatment of NQO1+ human pancreatic cancer cells. NAD+-sensitive pathways, such as glycolysis, flux through lactate dehydrogenase, and the citric acid cycle (as inferred by flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase), were down-regulated by β-lapachone treatment. Changes in flux through these pathways should generate biomarkers useful for in vivo dose responses of β-lapachone treatment in humans, avoiding toxic side effects. Targeting the enzymes in these pathways for therapeutic treatment may have the potential to synergize with β-lapachone treatment, creating unique NQO1-selective combinatorial therapies for specific cancers. These findings warrant future studies of intermediary metabolism in patients treated with β-lapachone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Silvers
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (AIRC), Division of Metabolic Mechanisms of Disease
| | - Naveen Singh
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Robert A Egnatchik
- the Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- the Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Xiuquan Luo
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | - Shawn C Burgess
- Advanced Imaging Research Center (AIRC), Division of Metabolic Mechanisms of Disease
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- the Children's Medical Center Research Institute, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - David A Boothman
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center,
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- the AIRC, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390 and .,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
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50
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Feuerecker B, Durst M, Michalik M, Schneider G, Saur D, Menzel M, Schwaiger M, Schilling F. Hyperpolarized 13C Diffusion MRS of Co-Polarized Pyruvate and Fumarate to Measure Lactate Export and Necrosis. J Cancer 2017; 8:3078-3085. [PMID: 28928899 PMCID: PMC5604459 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-invasive tumor characterization and monitoring are among the key goals of medical imaging. Using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled metabolic probes fast metabolic pathways can be probed in real-time, providing new opportunities for tumor characterization. In this in vitro study, we investigated whether measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of co-polarized 13C-labeled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid can non-invasively detect both necrosis and changes in lactate export, which are parameters indicative of tumor aggressiveness. Methods:13C-labeled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid were co-polarized in a preclinical hyperpolarizer and the dissolved compounds were added to prepared samples of 8932 pancreatic cancer and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. Extracellular lactate concentrations and cell viability were measured in separate assays. Results: The mean ratios of the ADC values of lactate and pyruvate (ADClac/ADCpyr) between MCF-7 (0.533 ± 0.015, n = 3) and 8932 pancreatic cancer cells (0.744 ± 0.064, n = 3) showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.048). 8932 cells had higher extracellular lactate concentrations in the extracellular medium (22.97 ± 2.53 ng/µl) compared with MCF-7 cells (7.52 ± 0.59 ng/µl; p < 0.001). Fumarate-to-malate conversion was only detectable in necrotic cells, thereby allowing clear differentiation between necrotic and viable cells. Conclusion: We provide evidence that MRS of hyperpolarized 13C-labelled pyruvic acid and fumaric acid, with their respective conversions to lactate and malate, are useful for characterization of necrosis and lactate efflux in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Durst
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,GE Global Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Michalik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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