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Impellitteri F, Yunko K, Calabrese G, Porretti M, Martyniuk V, Gnatyshyna L, Nava V, Potortì AG, Piccione G, Di Bella G, Stoliar O, Faggio C. Chlorpromazine's impact on Mytilus galloprovincialis: a multi-faceted investigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141079. [PMID: 38160957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The antipsychotic chlorpromazine (Cpz) has raised concern as a pharmaceutical effluent due to its wide medical applications. Moreover, its potent pro-oxidant properties and impact on the cell viability of the marine mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, even at low concentrations (ng/L), have been noted. Based on this evidence, in this study, we investigated the physiological effects of Cpz on M. galloprovincialis, to elucidate its fate within the organism, in terms of bioaccumulation, biotransformation, byssus changes and stress responses of the cellular thiolome. Histological and indicators of vitality analyses were also performed to better evaluate the influence of the drug on the morphology and cell viability of the digestive gland. To this end, two different concentrations of Cpz (Cpz I (12 ng/L or 37 pM) and Cpz II (12 μg/L or 37 nM)) were administered to mussels over 14 days. Cpz accumulation in the digestive gland significantly increased with water concentration (BCF of Cpz I and Cpz II). Biochemical analyses indicated lysosomal dysfunction, reflected in elevated total Cathepsin D activity and compromised lysosomal membrane stability. Stress-related and metal-buffering proteins (GST and metallothionein) responded to both Cpz concentrations. Cpz I induced phase I biotransformation activity (CYP450-dependent EROD), while Cpz II triggered caspase-3 activation, indicative of detoxification overload. Histological analysis revealed digestive gland atrophy, epithelial thinning, haemocyte infiltration, and brown cell presence. Byssus analysis showed significant alterations. In conclusion, our study underscores Cpz-induced physiological and histological changes in M. galloprovincialis, posing potential implications for mussel health and confirming the utilisation of this mussel as an indication of Cpz ecotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Impellitteri
- Dept. of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Katerina Yunko
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, M. Kryvonosa Str. 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Miriam Porretti
- Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Viktoria Martyniuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, M. Kryvonosa Str. 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Lesya Gnatyshyna
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Dept. of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci Snc, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppa Di Bella
- University of Messina, Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), 98100, Messina, Italy.
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, M. Kryvonosa Str. 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine; Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy; Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
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Knowles S, Dennis M, McElwain A, Leis E, Richard J. Pathology and infectious agents of unionid mussels: A primer for pathologists in disease surveillance and investigation of mortality events. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:510-528. [PMID: 37226493 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231171666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are one of the most imperiled groups of organisms in the world, and more than 30 species have gone extinct in the last century. While habitat alteration and destruction have contributed to the declines, the role of disease in mortality events is unclear. In an effort to involve veterinary pathologists in disease surveillance and the investigation of freshwater mussel mortality events, we provide information on the conservation status of unionids, sample collection and processing techniques, and unique and confounding anatomical and physiological differences. We review the published accounts of pathology and infectious agents described in freshwater mussels including neoplasms, viruses, bacteria, fungi, fungal-like agents, ciliated protists, Aspidogastrea, Digenea, Nematoda, Acari, Diptera, and Odonata. Of the identified infectious agents, a single viral disease, Hyriopsis cumingii plague disease, that occurs only in cultured mussels is known to cause high mortality. Parasites including ciliates, trematodes, nematodes, mites, and insects may decrease host fitness, but are not known to cause mortality. Many of the published reports identify infectious agents at the light or ultrastructural microscopy level with no lesion or molecular characterization. Although metagenomic analyses provide sequence information for infectious agents, studies often fail to link the agents to tissue changes at the light or ultrastructural level or confirm their role in disease. Pathologists can bridge this gap between identification of infectious agents and confirmation of disease, participate in disease surveillance to ensure successful propagation programs necessary to restore decimated populations, and investigate mussel mortality events to document pathology and identify causality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Leis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Onalaska, WI
| | - Jordan Richard
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Abingdon, VA
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Burcham GN, Fisher B, Boedeker N. Histopathologic survey of free-living populations of 2 species of freshwater mussels in Indiana. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:628-639. [PMID: 37439539 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231185872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater mussels are one of the most endangered groups of animals in Indiana, with nearly half of the native species either extirpated or listed as "state endangered" or of "special concern." Nationally, numerous freshwater mussel species are considered threatened. Freshwater mussel diseases are not well understood and few published accounts of freshwater mussel diseases with detailed histological descriptions exist. Mass mortality events within mussel populations are increasingly recognized, often with undetermined etiology. Our objective was to determine baseline histopathology in free-living populations of freshwater mussels. One-hundred twenty individual mussels representing 2 species-plain pocketbook (Lampsilis cardium) and fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea)-were collected from 3 different locations within the Wildcat Creek watershed in central Indiana during June and July 2019. A cross-section through the visceral mass was obtained and immersed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, with routine processing and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Branchial acariasis occurred in 43/60 fatmuckets and 22/60 plain pocketbooks. Infection with a bucephalid trematode was recognized in 18/60 fatmuckets, while infection of the gonadal duct with an unidentified trematode species was identified in 4/60 fatmuckets and 18/59 plain pocketbooks. Additional changes associated with unidentified trematodes, bacteria, fungi or oomycetes, and ciliates were observed. Other miscellaneous changes included mineralization, neuronal lipofuscinosis, and gonadal atrophy/atresia. A range of histological changes were observed. These changes likely represented background lesions: incidental findings, spontaneous infectious or endosymbiotic conditions, or normal physiological changes that routinely occur in free-living wild populations. Awareness of baseline lesions should inform future diagnostic investigations of mussel mortality events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brant Fisher
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Edinburgh, IN
| | - Nancy Boedeker
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN and Dubois, IN
- Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Indianapolis, IN
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Qu M, Xu J, Yang Y, Li R, Li T, Chen S, Di Y. Assessment of sulfamethoxazole toxicity to marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis): Combine p38-MAPK signaling pathway modulation with histopathological alterations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114365. [PMID: 36508823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), is a ubiquitous antibiotic in the aquatic environment and received concerns on its health hazards, especially its sub-lethal effects on non-target organisms which were remained largely unknown. In the present study, in order to investigate SMX induced tissue damages and reveal underlying mechanisms, marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis were challenged to SMX series (0.5, 50 and 500 μg/L) for six-days followed by six-day-recovery. Comprehensive histopathological alteration (including qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative indices), together with transcriptional and (post-) translational responses of key factors (p38, NFκB and p53) in the p38-MAPK signaling pathway were analyzed in gills and digestive glands. Tissue-specific responses were clearly investigated with gills showing more prompt responses and digestive glands showing higher tolerance to SMX. The histopathology showed that SMX triggered inflammatory damages in both tissues and quantitative analysis revealed more significant responses, suggesting its potential as a valuable health indicator. SMX activated expressions of p38, NFκB and p53 at transcriptional and (post-) translational levels, especially after exposed to low level SMX, evidenced by p38 coupled with NFκB/p53 regulation on immunity defense in mussels. Less induction of targeted molecules under severe SMX exposure indicated such signaling transduction may not be efficient enough and can result in inflammatory damages. Taken together, this study expanded the understanding of aquatic SMX induced health risk in marine mussels and the underlying regulation mechanism through p38 signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jinzhong Xu
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Yingli Yang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Taiwei Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316100, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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Martins Dos Reis IM, Mattos JJ, Siebert MN, Zacchi FL, Velasquez Bastolla CL, Saldaña-Serrano M, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Araujo de Miranda Gomes CH, Rodrigues de Melo CM, Dias Bainy AC. Gender influences molecular and histological biomarkers in mature oysters Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757) after pyrene exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136985. [PMID: 36306960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oysters are frequently used as sentinel organisms for monitoring effects of contaminants due to their sessile, filtering habits and bioaccumulation capacity. These animals can show elevated body burden of contaminants, such as pyrene (PYR). PYR can be toxic at a molecular level until the whole oyster, which can show reproductive and behavioral changes. Considering that biologic parameters, such as gender or reproductive stage can interfere in the toxic effects elicited by contaminants uptake, the aim of this study was to evaluate some molecular and histological responses in females and males of oyster Crassostrea gasar exposed to PYR (0.25 and 0.5 μM) for 24 h at the pre-spawning stage. PYR concentrations were analyzed in water and in tissues of female and male oysters. Gene transcripts related to biotransformation (CYP3475C, CYP2-like, CYP2AU1, CYP356A, GSTO-like, GSTM-like, SULT-like), stress (HSP70), and reproduction (Vitellogenin, Glycoprotein) were quantified in gills. In addition, histological analysis and histo-localization of CYP2AU1 mRNA transcripts in gills, mantle and digestive diverticulum were carried out. Females and males in pre-spawning stage bioconcentrated PYR in their tissues. Males were more sensitive to PYR exposure. CYP2AU1 transcripts were higher in males (p < 0.05), as well as tubular atrophy was observed only in males exposed to PYR (p < 0.05). As expected, vitellogenin transcripts were lower in males (p < 0.05). Given these results, it is suggested that levels of CYP2AU1 be a good biomarker of exposure to PYR in oyster C. gasar and that it is important to consider the gender for the interpretation of biomarker responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Mayna Martins Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center - NEPAq, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marília Nardelli Siebert
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Santa Catarina - IFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Lisarb Velasquez Bastolla
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Miguel Saldaña-Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudio Manoel Rodrigues de Melo
- Laboratory of Marine Mollusk, Department of Aquaculture, Center of Agricultural Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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6
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Fraga N, Benito D, Briaudeau T, Izagirre U, Ruiz P. Toxicopathic effects of lithium in mussels. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136022. [PMID: 36002063 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rising use of lithium (Li) in industrial processes, modern technology and medicine has generated concerns in the scientific community, in particular its potential impact on the environment. Unfortunately, there is only scarce information concerning the toxicity of lithium in marine organisms. The objective of this study is to determine the toxicity of Li using Mytilus galloprovincialis as model organism, based on acute and sublethal toxicity tests. In the first experiment, mussels were exposed for 9 days to a range of acute concentrations of Li (0, 2, 5, 13, 34, 89, 233 and 610 mg/L Li) in order to find the median lethal concentration. In the sublethal experiment, mussels were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Li (0, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L Li) for 21 days. Digestive gland and gonad samples were taken at day 0, 1, 7 and 21 for histopathological analysis. Samples of the whole mussels were taken for chemical analysis at day 0 and after 21 days. Results showed that M. galloprovincialis had a LC50 value of 153 mg/L Li after 9 days of exposure. Lower concentrations (environmentally relevant), led to Li bioaccumulation in a dose-dependent manner and histopathological effects in a time-dependent manner. Atrophy of the digestive alveoli epithelium and degeneration of the digestive gland were observed after 21 days of exposure. These findings open new perspectives for the understanding of the toxic effects of Li on marine organisms and evidence the need for further long-term research at different levels of biological organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhna Fraga
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology + One Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, E-48940, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Denis Benito
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology + One Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, E-48940, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Tifanie Briaudeau
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology + One Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, E-48940, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology + One Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, E-48940, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Pamela Ruiz
- CBET+ Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology + One Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena Auzoa z/g, E-48940, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
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Rabeh I, Telahigue K, Hajji T, Mdaini Z, Nechi S, Chelbi E, El Cafsi M, Mhadhbi L. Impacts of engineered iron nanoparticles on oxidative stress, fatty acid composition, and histo-architecture of the smooth scallop Flexopecten glaber. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78396-78413. [PMID: 35688986 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineered iron nanoparticles are widely used in environmental remediation, yet their potential toxic effects on marine biota remain poorly elucidated. This study aimed to gain insight into the nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) toxicity mechanisms for marine invertebrates. Aside from the effect on oxidative status and histopathology, the effect of NZVI on lipid metabolism in bivalves was studied for the first time. To this end, specimens of Flexopecten glaber were exposed to ascending concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of NZVI for 96 h. Results illustrate differential patterns of iron accumulation in the gills and the digestive gland. By increasing NZVI concentrations, the total iron level tended to markedly increase in the gills and decrease in the digestive gland, reaching 132 and 37.6 μg/g DW, respectively, in the specimens exposed to 1.5 mg/L. Biochemical and cellular biomarkers highlighted that NZVI caused oxidative stress (measured as hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and advanced oxidation protein product levels) and alterations of antioxidant defense systems, including reduced glutathione, non-protein thiol, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Modulation of lipid metabolism with changed fatty acid compositions (mainly an increase in the saturation and a decrease in unsaturation levels) was also observed in both gills and digestive gland. Moreover, several histological damages, including lipofuscin accumulation, infiltrative inflammations, and digestive tubule alterations, were observed in the two studied organs, providing supplementary evidence regarding the toxic effect of NZVI. This study adds to the growing body of evidence pointing to the hazardous impacts of iron NPs on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Rabeh
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Telahigue
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Hajji
- BVBGR-LR11ES31, Higher Institute of Biotechnology - Sidi Thabet, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia.
| | - Zied Mdaini
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Salwa Nechi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Chelbi
- Anatomy and Cytology Service, CHU Mohamed Taher Maamouri Hospital, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Mhadhbi
- LR18ES41 Lab. of Ecology, Biology and Physiology of Aquatic Organisms, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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8
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Arrighetti F, Landro SM, Lavarías SML. Sensitivity of histopathological and histochemical parameters in the digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata exposed to cypermethrin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106292. [PMID: 36137307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the pesticide cypermethrin (CYP) in the digestive gland of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, analysing histological and histochemical alterations. Adult snails were exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations (10, 25, and 100 µg/L) under acute (1 day) and sub-chronic (14 days) conditions. Histological analyses of the morphology of the digestive gland were performed and a histopathological condition index (HI) was calculated. Also, both intracellular accumulation of lipofuscins (LF) and neutral lipids (NL) were evaluated. CYP exposure induced tissue damage to this organ, such as disorganisation of the connective tissue, fibrosis, haemocytic infiltration, atrophy, and necrosis under acute and sub-chronic conditions. These alterations, integrated into a single HI value, revealed notable CYP effects during both acute and sub-chronic exposures. Cell type replacement, measured as VvBAS, was only observed in the sub-chronic treatment. Under acute conditions, the pyrethroid affected NL accumulation at the highest concentration, while in sub-chronic conditions NL accumulation was only observed at the lowest concentrations. P. canaliculata also showed a dose-dependent response of LF under acute CYP exposure conditions. However, under sub-chronic conditions, this parameter was not sensitive to pesticide exposure. All these relevant structural lesions may affect the normal function of the digestive gland, even though the species presented additional mechanisms, as infiltration of hemocyte and basophilic cell hyperplasia, that help it to tolerate the exposure to pollutants. This study showed that some histological and histochemical parameters are sensitive in P. canaliculata at CYP concentrations to which the snail could be exposed in the environments it inhabits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Sonia M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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9
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Toxic Responses of Different Shellfish Species after Exposure to Prorocentrum lima, a DSP Toxins Producing Dinoflagellate. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070461. [PMID: 35878199 PMCID: PMC9317551 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prorocentrum lima is a global benthic dinoflagellate that produces diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, which can be ingested by filter-feeding bivalves, and eventually pose a great threat to human health through food chain. After being exposed to P. lima, different bivalves may accumulate various levels of DSP toxins and display different toxic responses. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that the content of okadaic acid-equivalents (OA-eq) varied in the digestive glands of the three bivalves including Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus coruscus and Tegillarca granosa after P. lima exposure. The degree of esterification of OA-eq in the three bivalves were opposite to the accumulation of OA-eq. The digestive gland tissues of the three bivalve species were damaged to different degrees. The transcriptional induction of Nrf2 targeted genes such as ABCB1 and GPx indicates the functionality of Nrf2 pathway against DSP toxins in bivalves. The oyster could protect against DSP toxins mainly through ABC transporters and esterification, while the mussel and clam reduce the damage induced by DSP toxins mainly by regulating the expression of antioxidant genes. Our findings may provide some explanations for the difference in toxic response to DSP toxins in different shellfish.
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10
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Benito D, Paleček D, Lekube X, Izagirre U, Marigómez I, Zaldibar B, Soto M. Variability and distribution of parasites, pathologies and their effect on wild mussels (Mytilus sp) in different environments along a wide latitudinal span in the Northern Atlantic and Arctic Oceans. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 176:105585. [PMID: 35276576 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Histopathological examination in mussels can provide useful information for the diagnosis of ecosystem health status. The distribution of parasites in mussels can be conditioned by several environmental factors, including mussels collecting sites or the presence/absence of other species necessary to complete the complex life cycle of certain parasites. Thus, these variables could not only govern the parasitic burden of mussels but also the presence of pathologies associated to parasitism. The aim of this study was to identify the histopathological alterations which could be indicative of a health status distress along a wide latitudinal span in the Northern Atlantic and Arctic Oceans in mussels of two size-classes sampled in clean and impacted sites. A latitudinal gradient is clearly observed in gamete developmental stages as northern and southern mussels presented different conditions at the same period. Furthermore, mussels of the same size in different latitudes presented differences in the reproductive cycle and the appearance of related pathologies, which probably meant the age of individuals was different. In addition, specific parasitic profiles ruled by latitudinal conditions and the settlement of mussels in the shore (horizontal/vertical) have been demonstrated to be significantly influential in the health condition of mussels. Furthermore, the present work provides the first histological description of Gymnophallus cf. bursicola parasite causing a considerable host response in Tromsø and Iceland plus the report of grave histopathological status that included high prevalence of granulocytomas in Scotland and Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Benito
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Dragana Paleček
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xabier Lekube
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Beñat Zaldibar
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Sarriena z/g, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
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11
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Immunohistochemical Detection of Various Proteoglycans in the Extracellular Matrix of Zebra Mussels. FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mussels have been used as animal models for studying ecotoxicology, biomineralization, and bio-adhesion for many years. Despite a wealth of studies on their shell matrix and byssus proteins, few studies have focused on the extracellular matrix molecules in mussel soft tissues. Extracellular matrix molecules may play important roles in biomineralization, immune reaction, and tissue homeostasis. In the present study, extracellular matrix and mineralization-related molecules in zebra mussel soft tissue were immunolocalized using well-characterized monoclonal antibodies. Our results demonstrate specific immunolocalization for collagen IV, fibronectin, and keratan sulfate in hemocytes; collagen IV in peripheral nerves; and aggrecan, link protein, and collagen XVIII in foot tissue. Laminin, decorin, and osteonectin were also broadly immunolocalized in mussel soft tissues. The distributions of these extracellular matrix molecules in mussel tissues are in line with the cell-mediated shell mineralization hypothesis, providing evidence for the molecules involved in the peripheral nervous system and byssus formation, and explaining the conservation of extracellular matrix molecules during evolution. These results further contribute to establishing zebra mussels as an attractive animal model in biomedical research.
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12
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Cano I, Parker A, Ward GM, Green M, Ross S, Bignell J, Daumich C, Kerr R, Feist SW, Batista FM. First Detection of Francisella halioticida Infecting a Wild Population of Blue Mussels Mytilus edulis in the United Kingdom. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030329. [PMID: 35335653 PMCID: PMC8953295 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, declines in the population of wild blue mussels Mytilus edulis in the Tamar estuary (United Kingdom) have been noted. In archived samples collected from 2013 to 2019, between 7% (in 2013) and 18% (in 2019) showed large granulocytoma and haemocytic infiltration in the interstitial tissue of the digestive gland. Four samples were selected for 16S rRNA gene Nanopore sequencing. A consensus sequence of 1449 bp showed nucleotide similarities between 99.93–100% with published sequences of Francisella halioticida. In situ hybridisation (ISH) confirmed the presence of F. halioticida DNA within individual granulocytes of granulocytomas and also in prokaryotic-like inclusion bodies within the digestive epithelial cells. The design of diagnostic tests for surveillance of F. halioticida, including more specific ISH probes and sequencing the genome of the isolates infecting mussels, will shed more light on the pathogenicity and spread of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cano
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Abigail Parker
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Georgia M. Ward
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Matthew Green
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Stuart Ross
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - John Bignell
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Caroline Daumich
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Rose Kerr
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Stephen W. Feist
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
| | - Frederico M. Batista
- Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Barrack Road, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK; (A.P.); (G.M.W.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (J.B.); (C.D.); (R.K.); (S.W.F.); (F.M.B.)
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13
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Bennion M, Lane H, McDonald IR, Ross P. Histopathology of a threatened surf clam, toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) from Aotearoa New Zealand. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 188:107716. [PMID: 35031296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The toheroa (Paphies ventricosa) is endemic to Aotearoa (New Zealand). Following decades of overfishing in the 1900 s, commercial and recreational fishing of toheroa is now prohibited. For unknown reasons, protective measures in place for over 40 years have not ensured the recovery of toheroa populations. For the first time, a systematic pathology survey was undertaken to provide a baseline of toheroa health in remaining major populations. Using histopathology, parasites and pathologies in a range of tissues are assessed and quantified spatio-temporally. Particular focus is placed on intracellular microcolonies of bacteria (IMCs). Bayesian ordinal logistic regression is used to model IMC infection and several facets of toheroa health. Model outputs show condition to be the most important predictor of IMC intensity in toheroa tissues. The precarious state of many toheroa populations around Aotearoa should warrant greater attention from scientists, conservationists, and regulators. It is hoped that this study will provide some insight into the current health status of a treasured and iconic constituent of several expansive surf beaches in Aotearoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bennion
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Henry Lane
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ian R McDonald
- School of Science - Te Aka Matuatua, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Phil Ross
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand
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14
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Lewis AM, Dean KJ, Hartnell DM, Percy L, Turner AD, Lewis JM. The value of toxin profiles in the chemotaxonomic analysis of paralytic shellfish toxins in determining the relationship between British Alexandrium spp. and experimentally contaminated Mytilus sp. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 111:102131. [PMID: 35016773 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although phytoplankton is ubiquitous in the world's oceans some species can produce compounds that cause damaging effects in other organisms. These include the toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning, which, in UK waters, are produced by dinoflagellates from the Alexandrium genus. Within Great Britain (GB) a monitoring programme exists to detect this harmful genus as well as the Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in the flesh of shellfish from classified production areas. The techniques used for toxin analysis allow for detailed analysis of the toxin profiles present in contaminated shellfish. It is possible to compare the toxin profiles of contaminated shellfish with the profiles from toxin producing algae and use this information to infer the causative microalgal species responsible for the contamination. This study sought to evaluate the potential for this process within the GB monitoring framework. Two species of toxic Alexandrium, A. catenella from Scotland and A. minutum from Southern England, were fed to mussels (Mytilus sp.) under controlled conditions. The toxin profile in mussels derived from feeding on each species independently, when mixed and when introduced sequentially was analysed and compared to the source algal cultures using K means cluster analysis. Toxin profiles in contaminated shellfish clustered with those of the causative algae and separately from one another during toxin accumulation and, where A. catenella was the sole toxin source, during depuration. During depuration after feeding with A. minutum and where mixed or sequential feeding was undertaken deviant toxin profiles were observed. Finally, data generated within this experimental study were compared to monitoring data from the GB official control programme. These data indicated that the causative algal species in sole source contaminations could be inferred from toxin profile analysis. This technique will be of benefit within monitoring programmes to enhance the value of data with minimal additional expense, where the toxin profiles of causative microalgae have been well described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Lewis
- Cefas, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, UK, DT48UB; School of Life Sciences, The University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W6UW UK.
| | - Karl J Dean
- Cefas, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, UK, DT48UB
| | | | - Linda Percy
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W6UW UK
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Cefas, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, UK, DT48UB
| | - Jane M Lewis
- Principal Shetland College, Shetland College, University of Highlands and Islands, Gremista, Lerwick, Shetland ZE1 0PX UK
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15
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Schmutz A, Tremblay R, Audet C, Gagné JP, Pelletier É, St-Louis R. Under ice spills of conventional crude oil and diluted bitumen: Physiological resilience of the blue mussel and transgenerational effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146316. [PMID: 34030258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spillages at sea of diluted bitumen (dilbit) from oil sands have received little attention until now. To our best knowledge, there are no reports on the impact of a severe exposure to dilbit on the Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). In this study, adult Blue mussels were exposed to one conventional crude oil (Heidrun) and two dilbits (Cold Lake Blend and Access Western Blend) for a period of 7 days in an ice-covered environment and then maintained for three months until the spawning season. The exposed mussels were monitored for aromatic hydrocarbon bioaccumulation, physiological energetic budget, cellular stress, byssus production and gametogenesis. In spring, spawning was induced to characterize breeding success. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was detected after three days of exposure, with higher concentrations of PAHs associated to the conventional oil (5.49 ± 0.12 μg·g-1 d.w.) compared to both dilbits (0.91 ± 0.02 μg·g-1; 0.51 ± 0.03 μg·g-1 d.w.). Despite a fast depuration rate and a good resilience of the exposed mussels, significant negative effects were observed at the cellular, physiological and fitness levels, especially in offspring. Our results suggest a higher toxicity of the diluted bitumen compared to the conventional crude despite the lower bioaccumulation of total PAHs. Dilbit treatments caused evident negative transgenerational effects on unexposed F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Schmutz
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada; Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Céline Audet
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Gagné
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Émilien Pelletier
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Richard St-Louis
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada
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16
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Moore MN, Sforzini S, Viarengo A, Barranger A, Aminot Y, Readman JW, Khlobystov AN, Arlt VM, Banni M, Jha AN. Antagonistic cytoprotective effects of C 60 fullerene nanoparticles in simultaneous exposure to benzo[a]pyrene in a molluscan animal model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142355. [PMID: 33022458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that C60 fullerene nanoparticles (C60) exert an antagonistic interactive effect on the toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) has been supported by this investigation. Mussels were exposed to BaP (5, 50 & 100μg/L) and C60 (C60-1mg/L) separately and in combination. Both BaP and C60 were shown to co-localize in the secondary lysosomes of the hepatopancreatic digestive cells in the digestive gland where they reduced lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) or increased membrane permeability, while BaP also induced increased lysosomal lipid and lipofuscin, indicative of oxidative cell injury and autophagic dysfunction. Combinations of BaP and C60 showed antagonistic effects for lysosomal stability, mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) inhibition and intralysosomal lipid (5 & 50μg/L BaP). The biomarker data (i.e., LMS, lysosomal lipidosis and lipofuscin accumulation; lysosomal/cell volume and dephosphorylation of mTORC1) were further analysed using multivariate statistics. Principal component and cluster analysis clearly indicated that BaP on its own was more injurious than in combination with C60. Use of a network model that integrated the biomarker data for the cell pathophysiological processes, indicated that there were significant antagonistic interactions in network complexity (% connectance) at all BaP concentrations for the combined treatments. Loss of lysosomal membrane stability probably causes the release of intralysosomal iron and hydrolases into the cytosol, where iron can generate harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). It was inferred that this adverse oxidative reaction induced by BaP was ameliorated in the combination treatments by the ROS scavenging property of intralysosomal C60, thus limiting the injury to the lysosomal membrane; and reducing the oxidative damage in the cytosol and to the nuclear DNA. The ROS scavenging by C60, in combination with enhanced autophagic turnover of damaged cell constituents, appeared to have a cytoprotective effect against the toxic reaction to BaP in the combined treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3HD, UK.
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - IAS, National Research Council - CNR, Via de Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, GE, Italy
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment - IAS, National Research Council - CNR, Via de Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, GE, Italy
| | - Audrey Barranger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Yann Aminot
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - James W Readman
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3HD, UK
| | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, King's College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, London SE1 9NH, UK; Toxicology Department, GAB Consulting GmbH, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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17
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Świacka K, Smolarz K, Maculewicz J, Caban M. Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac in Mytilus trossulus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139797. [PMID: 32521366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the marine environment is a growing problem of global importance. Although awareness of the significance of this issue is increasing, many questions related to the ecotoxicology of pharmaceuticals remain unclear. Diclofenac is one of the drugs most commonly detected in the marine environment and its potential toxicity has been previously highlighted, thus its impact on organisms deserves a special attention. Therefore, in this study, a thorough analysis of the effects of diclofenac on a condition and tissue level of a model representative of marine invertebrates - Mytilus trossulus - was performed. During the 25-day experiment, divided into exposure and depuration phases, bivalves were exposed to two environmentally relevant drug concentrations of 4 and 40 μg/L. The study showed that mussels absorb diclofenac in their tissues and the highest recorded concentration was 1.692 μg/g dw on day 8. Moreover, the content of diclofenac metabolites (4-OH and 5-OH diclofenac) was also examined, but they were not detected either in water or in tissues. Although exposure to low diclofenac concentrations did not significantly affect the condition index of organisms, changes in numerous histopathological parameters were noted. Performed histological examination provided additional valuable information on the influence of drugs on the functioning of invertebrates. Nevertheless, applicability of histopathological techniques in ecotoxicology of drugs requires additional evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Darriba S, Lee RS, López C. Mikrocytos mytilicoli n.sp. (Cercozoa, Mikrocytida, Mikrocytiidae) infecting the copepod Mytilicola intestinalis (Arthropoda, Cyclopoida, Mytilicolidae), a symbiont of Mytilus galloprovincialis in Galicia (NW Spain). J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 176:107460. [PMID: 32891682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
During a histopathological survey of Mytilus galloprovincialis in Galicia (NW Spain), microcells were observed infecting several organs of the symbiont copepod Mytilicola intestinalis. Positive results of PCR assay with specific primers for genus Mikrocytos and a clear signal of in situ hybridization with MACKINI-1 digoxigenin- labelled DNA probe (DIG-ISH) indicated a protozoan parasite of Mikrocytos genus. The ultrastructural study revealed intra and extracellular locations, polymorphic nuclei, intracellular round vesicles in the cytoplasm and absence of mitochondria. The present paper reports the characterization of the Mikrocytos sp. infecting M. intestinalis and proposes a novel species in the genus: Mikrocytos mytilicoli n. sp. A sequence of 18S-28S rDNA was obtained with 95.6% maximum identity (query cover 100%) with Mikrocytos mackini. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. mytilicoli n. sp. and M. mackini share a common ancestor. However, comparison of the ITS1 rDNA region showed low similarity (75.8%) with M. mackini, which, combined with differences in ultrastructural details, host and geographic location, support the designation of a new species. This is the first description of a microcytid parasite of the genus Mikrocytos from a non-bivalve host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Darriba
- Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (INTECMAR), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galicia, Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n, 36611 Vilagarcía de, Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ren-Shiang Lee
- Departamento I+D+i, Consello Regulador do Mexillón de Galicia, Avda da Mariña, 25, 36600 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carmen López
- Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (CIMA), Consellería do Mar, Xunta de Galícia, Pedras de Corón s/n, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain.
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19
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Abdel-Latif HMR, Dawood MAO, Menanteau-Ledouble S, El-Matbouli M. Environmental transformation of n-TiO 2 in the aquatic systems and their ecotoxicity in bivalve mollusks: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110776. [PMID: 32474243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (n-TiO2) have been extensively used in several industrial applications and the manufacture of novel consumer products. Although strict regulations have been put in place to limit their release into the aquatic environment, these nanoparticles can still be found at elevated levels within the environment, which can result in toxic effects on exposed organisms and has possible implications in term of public health. Bivalve mollusks are a unique and ideal group of shellfish for the study and monitoring the aquatic pollution by n-TiO2 because of their filter-feeding behaviour and ability to accumulate toxicants in their tissues. In these animals, exposure to n-TiO2 leads to oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity, as well as behavioral and physiological changes. This review summarizes the uptake, accumulation, and fate of n-TiO2 in aquatic environments and the possible interactions between n-TiO2 and other contaminants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants. Moreover, the toxicological impacts and mechanisms of action are discussed for a wide range of bivalve mollusks. This data underlines the pressing need for additional knowledge and future research plans for the development of control strategies to mitigate the release of n-TiO2 to the aquatic environment to prevent the toxicological impacts on bivalves and protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Behera province, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt; School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
| | | | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Leite C, Coppola F, Monteiro R, Russo T, Polese G, Silva MRF, Lourenço MAO, Ferreira P, Soares AMVM, Pereira E, Freitas R. Toxic impacts of rutile titanium dioxide in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to warming conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126563. [PMID: 32443264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is leading to a gradual increase in the ocean temperature, which can cause physiological and biochemical impairments in aquatic organisms. Along with the environmental changes, the presence of emerging pollutants such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) in marine coastal systems has also been a topic of concern, especially considering the interactive effects that both factors may present to inhabiting organisms. In the present study, it has been assessed the effects of the presence in water of particles of rutile, the most common polymorph of TiO2, in Mytilus galloprovincialis, under actual and predicted warming conditions. Organisms were exposed to different concentrations of rutile (0, 5, 50, 100 μg/L) at control (18 ± 1.0 °C) and increased (22 ± 1.0 °C) temperatures. Histopathological and biochemical changes were evaluated in mussels after 28 days of exposure. Histopathological examination revealed similar alterations on mussels' gills and digestive glands with increasing rutile concentrations at both temperatures. Biochemical markers showed that contaminated mussels have an unchanged metabolic capacity at 18 °C, which increased at 22 °C. Although antioxidant defences were activated in contaminated organisms at 22 °C, cellular damage was still observed. Overall, our findings showed that histopathological impacts occurred after rutile exposure regardless of the temperature, while biochemical alterations were only significantly noticeable when temperature was enhanced to 22 °C. Thus, this study demonstrated that temperature rise may significantly enhance the sensitivity of bivalves towards emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Leite
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Departamento de Química & CESAM/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tania Russo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariana R F Silva
- CICECO- Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mirtha A O Lourenço
- CICECO- Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno, 60, 10144, Torino TO, Italy
| | - Paula Ferreira
- CICECO- Instituto de Materiais de Aveiro, Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química & CESAM/LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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Leite C, Coppola F, Monteiro R, Russo T, Polese G, Lourenço MAO, Silva MRF, Ferreira P, Soares AMVM, Freitas R, Pereira E. Biochemical and histopathological impacts of rutile and anatase (TiO 2 forms) in Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:134886. [PMID: 31837882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles have been widely used in various industrial applications and consumer products. Due to their large production and use, they will eventually enter into aquatic environments. Once in the aquatic environment TiO2 particles may interact with the organisms and induce toxic effects. Since the most common crystallographic forms of TiO2 are rutile and anatase, the present study evaluated the effect of these two forms of TiO2 particles in Mytilus galloprovincialis. For this, mussels were exposed to different concentrations of rutile and anatase particles (0, 5, 50, 100 µg/L) for twenty-eight days. Ti concentrations, histopathological alterations and biochemical effects were evaluated. Similar Ti concentrations were found in mussels exposed to rutile and anatase, with the highest values in mussels exposed to the highest exposure concentration. Histopathological results demonstrated that both forms of TiO2 induced alterations on gills and digestive glands along the increasing exposure gradient. Biochemical markers showed that mussels exposed to rutile maintained their metabolic capacity (assessed by the activity of the Electron Transport System, ETS), while anatase increased the metabolism of mussels. Mussels exposed to rutile increased their detoxifying defences which, due to the low tested concentrations, were sufficient to avoid cellular damage. On the other hand, mussels exposed to anatase suffered cellular damages despite the increase of the antioxidant defences which may be related to the high ETS activity. Both rutile and anatase particles were toxic to M. galloprovincialis, being the highest oxidative stress exerted by the crystalline form anatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Leite
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francesca Coppola
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Departamento de Química, CESAM & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Tania Russo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polese
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universitá degli studi di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mirtha A O Lourenço
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica, CICECO-Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Sustainable Future Technologies, Via Livorno, 60, 10144 Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Mariana R F Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica, CICECO-Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula Ferreira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais e Cerâmica, CICECO-Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Química, CESAM & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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22
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Moore MN, Shaw JP, Pascoe C, Beesley A, Viarengo A, Lowe DM. Anti-oxidative hormetic effects of cellular autophagy induced by nutrient deprivation in a molluscan animal model. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 156:104903. [PMID: 32056801 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This investigation using a molluscan animal model tested the hypothesis that experimentally induced lysosomal autophagy protects against oxidative cell injury. Induction of augmented lysosomal autophagy has previously been implicated in this protective process. Four treatment groups of blue mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were used: Group 1 (fed - control), Group 2 (fasted), Group 3 (copper + fed) and Group 4 (copper + fasted). Groups 2 and 4 were fasted in order to trigger autophagy; and samples of hepatopancreas (liver analogue or digestive gland) from all 4 groups were taken at 3, 6 and 15 days. Treatment with copper provided a positive reference for oxidative stress: Groups 3 and 4 were treated with copper (10 μg Cu2+/animal/day) for three days only. Oxidative damage and cellular injury in hepatopancreatic digestive cells was found to decrease in Group 2 (fasted) compared to Group 1 (fed - control). Group 3 (fed + copper) showed clear evidence of oxidative stress and cell injury, as well as induction of antioxidant activities. Group 4 (copper + fasted) had a reduced uptake of copper and toxicity of copper was also reduced, compared with Group 3. It was concluded that augmented autophagy had a hormetic cytoprotective anti-oxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Moore
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK; School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - J P Shaw
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - C Pascoe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - A Beesley
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - A Viarengo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via La Masa 19-20156, Milano, Italy
| | - D M Lowe
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Devon, PL1 3DH, UK
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23
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Zacchi FL, Dos Reis IMM, Siebert MN, Mattos JJ, Flores-Nunes F, Toledo-Silva GD, Piazza CE, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Bainy ACD. Differential responses in the biotransformation systems of the oyster Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757) elicited by pyrene and fluorene: molecular, biochemical and histological approach - Part I. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105318. [PMID: 31590133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the main contaminants in aquatic environments. PAHs can affect organisms due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or teratogenic characteristics. Depending on the PAHs, concentration, and period of exposure, biological damage can occur leading to histopathologic alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the molecular, biochemical and histological responses of the oyster Crassostrea gasar exposed to pyrene (0.25 and 0.5 μM) and fluorene (0.6 and 1.2 μM), after exposure for 24 and 96 h. Concentrations of both PAHs were quantified in the water and in oyster tissues. Transcript levels of phase I (CYP3475C1, CYP2-like, CYP2AU1 and CYP356A) and phase II (GSTO-like, MGST-like and SULT-like) biotransformation-related genes and the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), total and microsomal glutathione S-transferase (GST and MGST) were evaluated in the gills. Also, histological changes and localization of mRNA transcripts CYP2AU1 in gills, mantle, and digestive diverticula were evaluated. Both PAHs accumulated in oyster tissues. Pyrene half-life in water was significantly lower than fluorene. Transcript levels of all genes were higher in oysters exposed to of pyrene 0.5 μM (24 h). Only CYP2AU1 gene was up-regulated by fluorene exposure. EROD and MGST activities were higher in oysters exposed to pyrene. Tubular atrophy in the digestive diverticula and an increased number of mucous cells in the mantle were observed in oysters exposed to pyrene. CYP2AU1 transcripts were observed in different tissues of pyrene-exposed oysters. A significant correlation was observed between tubular atrophy and the CYP2AU1 hybridization signal in oysters exposed to pyrene, suggesting the sensibility of the species to this PAH. These results suggest an important role of biotransformation-related genes and enzymes and tissue alterations associated to pyrene metabolism but not fluorene. In addition, it reinforces the role of CYP2AU1 gene in the biotransformation process of PAHs in the gills of C. gasar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Isis Mayna Martins Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marília Nardelli Siebert
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center - NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Toledo-Silva
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Cell biology, Embryology and Genetics Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Clei Endrigo Piazza
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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24
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Montenegro D, Valdés J, González MT. Histopathological lesions, pathogens and parasites as health indicators of an edible clam (Protothaca thaca) inhabiting a bay exposed to anthropogenic activities in Northern Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:536. [PMID: 31377907 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
San Jorge Bay (23° S) is characterised by a permanent coastal upwelling front and a thermal front that influence water circulation into the bay. This bay constantly receives effluents from different mining activities. Several studies have demonstrated different levels of heavy metals in waters and sediments within the bay. The clam Protothaca thaca is a bivalve with sedentary habits, which is distributed along the Peruvian and Chilean coasts and is exploited commercially. During 2010, clams were collected inside the bay: north (La Chimba), centre (Paraíso) and south (Llacolén), as well as from a site outside the bay (Bolsico). Haematological parameters, condition factor index, lesions, parasites and pathogens and heavy metal concentrations in clam tissues were determined. The health indicators of clams inhabiting the bay varied between sites. Clams inside the bay showed higher prevalence and intensity of parasites and lesions than those clams inhabiting the site outside the bay, which could be indicating the presence of some environmental stressor (e.g. heavy metals). This study is the first to evaluate the health status of organisms from San Jorge Bay, and our results support the hypothesis that clams P. thaca can be used to evaluate environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montenegro
- Master's Program in Ecology of Aquatic Systems, University of Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Jorge Valdés
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Recursos del Mar, University of Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - María Teresa González
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Recursos del Mar, University of Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile
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25
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Gu H, Hu M, Wei S, Kong H, Huang X, Bao Y, Wang Y. Combined effects of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa and hypoxia on the digestive enzyme activities of the triangle sail mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:241-246. [PMID: 31150951 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, eutrophication is a very popular environmental problem in numerous waters around the world. The main reason of eutrophication is the enrichment of the nutrient, which results in the excessive growth of phytoplankton and some of them are toxic and harmful. Fortunately, some studies have shown that some bivalves can filter the overgrown phytoplankton in water, which may alleviate water eutrophication. However, the physiological effects of toxic cyanobacteria on filter feeding animal have not been clarified very well. In this experiment, digestive enzyme activities in Hyriopsis cumingii exposed to different concentrations of the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (0, 5 * 105 and 5 *106 cell ml-1) at two dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (6 and 2 mg l-1) for 14 days were investigated. Toxic M. aeruginosa significantly affected all digestive enzyme activities throughout the experiment. At high toxic M. aeruginosa concentration, the activities of cellulase, amylase and lipase in digestive gland and stomach were significantly increased (P<0.05). However, hypoxia reduced the activities of cellulase, amylase and lipase in digestive gland and stomach. Conflicting effects were observed between toxic M. aeruginosa and DO in most digestive enzyme activities during the exposure period. Therefore, it is not conducive for the digestion and absorption of M. aeruginosa in H. cumingii under hypoxic conditions. H. cumingii is tolerant to toxic M. aeruginosa and may remove toxic cyanobacteria from waters under normal DO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Gu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wei
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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26
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Neves RAF, Santiago TC, Carvalho WF, Silva EDS, da Silva PM, Nascimento SM. Impacts of the toxic benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima on the brown mussel Perna perna: Shell-valve closure response, immunology, and histopathology. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 146:35-45. [PMID: 30910251 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Prorocentrum lima is a widely distributed marine benthic dinoflagellate that produces diarrhetic toxins, okadaic acid (OA) and its analogs, that may promote damage on bivalve tissues and cellular responses. Cultivation of the brown mussel Perna perna represents an important economic activity in the tropical and subtropical regions, where mussels may co-occur with P. lima. This study aimed to assess the behavioral, cellular immune responses, and pathological condition of P. perna following a short-term experimental exposure to P. lima. The toxic dinoflagellate treatment was compared to a non-toxic exposure to the chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp. at similar concentrations. The prevalence of pathological conditions and parasites were assessed, and a pathological index was applied by scoring the prevalences into four levels. Reaction time and the number of stimuli necessary for shell-valve closure response significantly increased after 72 h of P. lima exposure. Circulating hemocyte concentration was significantly lower in P. lima exposed mussels than in control mussels at 48- and 96 h of incubation, while hemocyte relative size in exposed mussels was significantly higher than that in control mussels. Comparatively, phagocytic activity and ROS production by hemocytes was significantly higher in mussels exposed to P. lima at 48- and 96 h of incubation, respectively. In addition, exposed mussels significantly presented exacerbated hemocytic infiltration in digestive organs, higher prevalence of moderate to severe atrophy in digestive tubules, and higher pathological index which suggests an impairment of mussel immunologic responses. A lower prevalence of Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), trematodes and copepods in P. lima exposed mussels suggests a direct toxic effect of OA on parasites. The exposure of mussels to P. lima is likely to occur frequently and may lead to constraints on mussel behavior, physiology, and pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A F Neves
- Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Tainá Cristina Santiago
- Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderson F Carvalho
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edson Dos Santos Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Silvia M Nascimento
- Laboratory of Marine Microalgae, Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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27
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Qu M, Ding J, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang Y, Di Y. Genetic impacts induced by BaP and Pb in Mytilus coruscus: Can RAPD be a validated tool in genotoxicity evaluation both in vivo and in vitro? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:529-538. [PMID: 30476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) and lead (Pb) are common pollutants discharged greatly in ocean and causing detrimental impacts on marine organisms. Although mussels are one of the most prominent and frequently studied biological models, the research on their genomic alterations induced by the mixture of two totally different chemicals, is still rare. In present study, local marine mussels Mytilus coruscus were exposed in vivo to BaP (53.74 ± 19.79 μg/L), Pb (2.58 ± 0.11 mg/L) and their mixture for 6 days. The genotoxic damages were assessed by comet assay, micronucleus (MNi) test, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Significantly increased though transitory genomic damage was investigated after the exposure and showed consistency using various detecting methods. Additive genotoxicity was only found after 3 days combined exposure by means of MNi test, suggesting that BaP and Pb may play with alternative biological targets during metabolism and/or interaction with the genome. The geno-stability and the recovery capability were further detected both in vivo and in vitro after challenged by BaP. RAPD results showed coherence in BaP induced genotoxicity, together with time-specific alterations. The genomic instability was found to recover in both in vivo and in vitro exposure scenarios in present study. To our knowledge, this is the first study to focus on the genotoxicitiy induced by BaP, Pb and their mixture by multiple detecting techniques. The attempt to utilize model pollutants and marine organism to validate the potential value of RAPD analysis highlighted that it might be a useful tool in the research of genotoxicology, especially on the effect-mechanism interplay at genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Qu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China
| | - Yanan Di
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316000, PR China.
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Rogers JJ, Henley WF, Weberg AG, Jones JW, Gregory Cope W. Assessment of growth, survival, and organ tissues of caged mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a river-scape influenced by coal mining in the southeastern USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1273-1286. [PMID: 30248852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Clinch River contains one of the most diverse freshwater mussel assemblages in the United States, with 46 extant species, 20 of which are listed as federally endangered. In a 91 km section of the Clinch River, mussel densities have severely declined at key sites from 1979 to 2014 (zone of decline), compared to other river sections that support high density and stable mussel populations (zone of stability). Coal mining has occurred in tributary watersheds that drain to the zone of decline since the late nineteenth century. To determine differences in survival, growth, and organ (gills, digestive glands, kidneys, and gonads) tissue health between the river zones, laboratory-propagated mussels were deployed to cages for one year at four sites each within the zones of mussel stability and decline. Means of growth and survival of mussels in the zone of stability were significantly greater than in the zone of decline, and mean fractions of kidney lipofuscin in mussels in the zone of decline was significantly greater than in the zone of stability. Water concentrations of K+, Na+, Al, and Mn were significantly greater in the zone of decline than in the zone of stability. Statistical correlation results indicated that mussel survival was positively associated with concentrations of Mn in water, and kidney lipofuscin was negatively associated with concentrations of dissolved K+, SO42-, and Mg2+. Most concentrations of contaminants were below published benchmark criteria, yet our results suggest that conditions continue to exist in the zone of decline that promote impacts to mussels that are at least partially associated with low concentration coal-related contaminants. More research is needed to determine the additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of these complex ionic mixtures on freshwater mussels from river environments, such as in the Clinch River, where constituent concentrations are relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Rogers
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - William F Henley
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Amanda G Weberg
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Jess W Jones
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Center, Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - W Gregory Cope
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
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Pearson HBC, Dallas LJ, Comber SDW, Braungardt CB, Worsfold PJ, Jha AN. Mixtures of tritiated water, zinc and dissolved organic carbon: Assessing interactive bioaccumulation and genotoxic effects in marine mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 187:133-143. [PMID: 29482966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Release of tritium (3H) in the marine environment is of concern with respect to its potential bioaccumulation and detrimental impact on the biota. Previous studies have investigated the uptake and toxicity of this radionuclide in marine mussels, and the interaction of 3H with dissolved organic ligands and elevated temperature. However, despite the well-established view that toxicity is partly governed by chemical speciation, and that toxic effects of mixture of contaminants are not always additive, there have been no studies linking the prevailing chemistry of exposure waters with observed biological effects and tissue specific accumulation of 3H in combination with other constituents commonly found in natural waters. This study exposed the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis for 14 days to mixtures of 3H (as tritiated water, HTO) and zinc (Zn) at 5 Mbq L-1, and 383, 1913 and 3825 nM Zn, respectively, to investigate (a) 3H and Zn partitioning in soft tissues of mussels, and (b) DNA damage in haemocytes, determined using the single cell gel electrophoresis or the comet assay. Additionally, the extent of association of 3H with dissolved organic carbon (DOC, added as humic acid) over the exposure period was investigated in order to aid the interpretation of biological uptake and effects. Results concluded a clear antagonistic effect of Zn on 3H-induced DNA damage at all Zn concentrations used, likely explained by the importance of Zn in DNA repair enzymes. The interaction of DOC with 3H was variable, with strong 3H-DOC associations observed in the first 3 d of the experiment. The secretion of 3H-binding ligands by the mussels is suggested as a possible mechanism for early biological control of 3H toxicity. The results suggest risk assessments for radionuclides in the environment require consideration of potential mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly B C Pearson
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sean D W Comber
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Charlotte B Braungardt
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Paul J Worsfold
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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Marteilia refringens and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. are distinct parasites of bivalves and have different European distributions. Parasitology 2018; 145:1483-1492. [PMID: 29886855 PMCID: PMC6137380 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201800063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Marteilia refringens causes marteiliosis in oysters, mussels and other bivalve molluscs. This parasite previously comprised two species, M. refringens and Marteilia maurini, which were synonymized in 2007 and subsequently referred to as M. refringens ‘O-type’ and ‘M-type’. O-type has caused mass mortalities of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. We used high throughput sequencing and histology to intensively screen flat oysters and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the UK, Sweden and Norway for infection by both types and to generate multi-gene datasets to clarify their genetic distinctiveness. Mussels from the UK, Norway and Sweden were more frequently polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for M-type (75/849) than oysters (11/542). We did not detect O-type in any northern European samples, and no histology-confirmed Marteilia-infected oysters were found in the UK, Norway and Sweden, even where co-habiting mussels were infected by the M-type. The two genetic lineages within ‘M. refringens’ are robustly distinguishable at species level. We therefore formally define them as separate species: M. refringens (previously O-type) and Marteilia pararefringens sp. nov. (M-type). We designed and tested new Marteilia-specific PCR primers amplifying from the 3’ end of the 18S rRNA gene through to the 5.8S gene, which specifically amplified the target region from both tissue and environmental samples.
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31
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Larsson J, Smolarz K, Świeżak J, Turower M, Czerniawska N, Grahn M. Multi biomarker analysis of pollution effect on resident populations of blue mussels from the Baltic Sea. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:240-256. [PMID: 29558709 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution including metals, petroleum, toxins, nutrients and many others is a growing problem in the marine environment. These are important factors altering the environment and by that the fate of many local populations of marine organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of selected point pollution sources on resident populations of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) in the Baltic Sea using multiple biomarker approach. The study used a nested sampling scheme in which sites from reference (REF) habitats are geographically paired with selected sites from sewage treatment plants (STP) and harbors (HAR). The results showed that mussels from harbors had a higher frequency of histological abnormalities in the digestive gland compared to mussels from sewage effluent affected areas and reference sites. However these mussels together with mussels from STPs had higher lipid content, body mass index (BMI) and gonado-somatic index (GSI) compared to mussels from reference sites. A marked spatial variability was found with a stronger toxicity of ambient environment affecting resident mussel populations in the Gulf of Gdańsk area, while an opposite pattern was found in Tvärminne area. Yet the blue mussels sampled in the Gulf of Gdańsk were characterized by the highest GSI and BMI values compared to Askö and Tvärminne populations. No differences in analyzed biomarker response related to species identity, measured by a species-specific genetic marker, were found indicative of strong genetic introgression in the Baltic Proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Larsson
- Södertörn University, School of Natural Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarzyna Smolarz
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Justyna Świeżak
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Magda Turower
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Natalia Czerniawska
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Oceanography, Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, Laboratory of Estuarine Ecology, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Mats Grahn
- Södertörn University, School of Natural Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kumeiko VV, Sokolnikova YN, Grinchenko AV, Mokrina MS, Kniazkina MI. Immune state correlates with histopathological level and reveals molluscan health in populations of Modiolus kurilensis by integral health index (IHI). J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 154:42-57. [PMID: 29604260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the histopathological and immune parameters of bivalve Modiolus kurilensis collected from water areas with different level of ecotoxicological stress was performed. Significant differences between samples from polluted and non-polluted sites were revealed for total haemocyte count; percentage of agranulocytes; size and internal complexity of agranulocytes and granulocytes; phagocytic activity; percentage of NBT-positive cells; hemolytic activity and plasma protein concentration; percentage of the optical density of haemolymph major polypeptide bands at 55 kDa, 78 kDa, and 124 kDa; concretion coverage area in the kidney tubules; thickness of the tubular basement membrane; nephrocyte shape; and karyopyknosis of the kidneys; and hypervacuolisation; necrosis; karyopyknosis; haemocyte infiltration; fibrosis; and invasion of the digestive gland. Analysis of the global histopathological condition index based on the weighted indices also revealed that both the digestive gland and kidneys showed significantly greater histopathological changes in the bivalves collected from polluted water. Bivalve histopathology is an established tool in aquatic toxicology. However, it reflects a morphological picture of change, which, as a rule, can be clearly recorded only at the later stages of pathology, and in some cases, indicates an adaptation to stressors within the physiological norm. In this respect, a promising and highly sensitive biomarker of the functional state of bivalves, in terms of norm and pathology as well as their habitat, is the evaluation of immune status in combination with morphological changes. However, the use of different methods and scales of assessment and the diagnosis of biomarkers, characterised by different profiles of the stress response, makes it difficult to compare the results of different studies. We propose a reliable and powerful system for assessing the physiological state of bivalve molluscs, expressed in the integral health index (IHI) and based on the standardisation of the numerical values for all parameters that have significant differences between animals collected from impacted and non-impacted water areas. In our study, IHI calculated in three variants (for histopathological parameters, for immunological parameters, and in combination) showed the most significant differences in each of the cases, but the strongest difference (-4.07) was in calculating the total IHI, which included both the immune and histopathological parameters (p = 0.00005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Kumeiko
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia N Sokolnikova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Grinchenko
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation; School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Maria S Mokrina
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I Kniazkina
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russian Federation
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Matozzo V, Ercolini C, Serracca L, Battistini R, Rossini I, Granato G, Quaglieri E, Perolo A, Finos L, Arcangeli G, Bertotto D, Radaelli G, Chollet B, Arzul I, Quaglio F. Assessing the health status of farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) through histological, microbiological and biomarker analyses. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 153:165-179. [PMID: 29501499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Gulf of La Spezia (northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is a commercially important area both as a shipping port and for mussel farming. Recently, there has been increased concern over environmental disturbances caused by anthropogenic activities such as ship traffic and dredging and the effects they have on the health of farmed mussels. This paper reports the results of microbiological and histological analyses, as well as of measurement of several biomarkers which were performed to assess the health status of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from four rearing sites in the Gulf of La Spezia. Mussels were collected between October 2015 and September 2016 and histological analyses (including gonadal maturation stage), as well as the presence of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio splendidus clade, V. aestuarianus and V. harveyi), viruses (Herpes virus and ostreid Herpes virus 1) and protozoa (Marteilia spp., in the summer season only) were carried out on a monthly basis. Conversely, biomarker responses in haemocyte/haemolymph (total haemocyte count, haemocyte diameter and volume, lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase activities in cell-free haemolymph, and micronuclei frequency) and in gills and digestive gland (cortisol-like steroids and lipid peroxidation levels), were evaluated bimonthly. Microbiological data indicated that mussels contain a reservoir of potentially pathogenic bacteria, viruses and protozoa that in certain environmental conditions may cause a weakening of the immune system of animals leading to mortality episodes. The percentage of parasites detected in the mussels was generally low (9.6% for Steinhausia mytilovum, that is 17 samples out of 177 examined females; 3.4% for Proctoeces maculatus; 0.9% for Mytilicola intestinalis and 2% for ciliated protozoa), while symbiont loads were higher (31% for Eugymnanthea inquilina and Urastoma cyprinae). Interestingly, a previously undescribed haplosporidian was detected in a single mussel sample (0.2%) and was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Cells morphologically similar to Perkinsus sp. trophozoites were observed in 0.7% of the mussels analysed; however, infection with Perkinsus spp. could neither be confirmed by ISH nor by PCR. Different pathological aspects, such as host defence responses and regressive/progressive changes were detected in the gills, digestive glands, gonads and mantle. Only one single case of disseminated neoplasia (0.2%) was observed. As for the biomarker evaluation, the MANOVA analysis revealed the statistically significant effect that the variable "sampling site" had on the biological parameter measured, thus suggesting that the multibiomarker approach was able to differentiate the rearing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Matozzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Carlo Ercolini
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via degli Stagnoni 96, 19100 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Laura Serracca
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via degli Stagnoni 96, 19100 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Roberta Battistini
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via degli Stagnoni 96, 19100 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Irene Rossini
- Marine Microbiology Laboratory of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Via degli Stagnoni 96, 19100 La Spezia, Italy
| | - Giulia Granato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Quaglieri
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alberto Perolo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Livio Finos
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arcangeli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Via L. da Vinci 39, 45011 Adria (RO), Italy
| | - Daniela Bertotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Radaelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Bruno Chollet
- IFREMER Laboratoire de Genetique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins La Tremblade, France
| | - Isabelle Arzul
- IFREMER Laboratoire de Genetique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins La Tremblade, France
| | - Francesco Quaglio
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Sforzini S, Moore MN, Oliveri C, Volta A, Jha A, Banni M, Viarengo A. Role of mTOR in autophagic and lysosomal reactions to environmental stressors in molluscs. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 195:114-128. [PMID: 29306034 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) has been used in various organisms as a very sensitive biomarker of stress. However, despite the abundance of data about regulation of the autophagic process in mammals, in the invertebrates there is only limited mechanistic understanding. Marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam.) are bivalve molluscs, widely used as models in ecotoxicology and as environmental bioindicators of sea water quality. In order to elucidate this fundamental process, in the present study, mussels were exposed for 3 days to a "priority", ubiquitous environmental contaminant, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at different concentrations (i.e. 5, 50, 100 μg/L seawater). B[a]P accumulated in lysosomes of digestive tubule epithelial cells (digestive cells) and in enlarged lipid-rich lysosomes (autolysosomes) as detected by immunofluorescence and UV-fluorescence. B[a]P also activated the autophagic process with a marked decrease of LMS and concurrent increase in lysosomal/cytoplasmic volume ratio. Dephosphorylation of mTOR contributes to increased lysosomal membrane permeability and induced autophagy. B[a]P induced a decrease in phosphorylated (active form) mTOR. The probable role of mTOR in cell signalling and the regulation of the cellular responses to the contaminants has been also confirmed in a field study, where there was significant inactivation of mTOR in stressed animals. Statistical and network modelling supported the empirical investigations of autophagy and mTOR; and was used to integrate the mechanistic biomarker data with chemical analysis and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael N Moore
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, TR1 3HD, UK; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK; School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Anna Volta
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Awadhesh Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA, Chott-Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Bouallegui Y, Ben Younes R, Bellamine H, Oueslati R. Histopathological indices and inflammatory response in the digestive gland of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis as biomarker of immunotoxicity to silver nanoparticles. Biomarkers 2017; 23:1-11. [PMID: 29166788 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1409803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histopathological assessments approaches in bivalves have become an important tool in environmental toxicology. This study seeks to develop a quantitative histopathological index (Ih) and inflammation score as biomarkers in the aim to assess the health status of nanoparticles exposed mussels. METHODS Digestive gland hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections from Mytilus galloprovincialis were assessed after in vivo exposure (for 3, 6 and 12 h) to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs < 50 nm and Ag-NPs < 100 nm) prior and after manipulating the potential uptake pathways (clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis) using amantadine and nystatin as blockers. Quantitative models evaluate the impacts of nanoparticles size, as well as their uptake routes within different time of exposure on the inflammation intensity, the digestive tubules histomorphometry and the histopathological indices. RESULTS Silver nanoparticles clearly induced histopathological alterations in digestive gland (maximum inflammation 2.75 with AgNP < 100 nm [p < 0.05]; significant Ih with AgNP < 50 nm and AgNP < 100 nm at different time-points [p < 0.05]). Significant Ih were recorded after uptake routes were blockade: AgNP < 50 nm + nystatin and AgNP < 100 nm + amantadine; [p < 0.05] all time-points. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological assessments showed to be promising tool in nanotoxicity which seems to depend on nanoparticles size, exposure time and interestingly to uptake routes. It was not clear: is it the length of exposure or the size of particles is more impactful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bouallegui
- a Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Cancerogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte , University of Carthage , Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Younes
- a Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Cancerogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte , University of Carthage , Tunisia
| | - Houda Bellamine
- b Pathological Anatomy Department , Regional Hospital of Menzel Bourguiba , Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - Ridha Oueslati
- a Research Unit of Immuno-Microbiology Environmental and Cancerogensis, Sciences Faculty of Bizerte , University of Carthage , Tunisia
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Ilic N, Velebit B, Teodorovic V, Djordjevic V, Karabasil N, Vasilev D, Djuric S, Adzic B, Dimitrijevic M. Influence of Environmental Conditions on Norovirus Presence in Mussels Harvested in Montenegro. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:406-414. [PMID: 28439785 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study comprises the first systematic survey of the occurrence of Norovirus in Mediterranean mussels from harvesting areas in Montenegro coast of Adriatic Sea. Mussels may accumulate contaminants of public health concern, including pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Microbiological monitoring of harvesting areas is based on count of Escherichia coli in bivalve molluscs in the European Union. It is assumed that E. coli does not reflect contamination with enteric viruses. A structured field study was undertaken at six locations in Bay of Kotor, Montenegro, in order to investigate plausible influence of environmental factors on the variability of E. coli and norovirus (NoV). From July 2015 to July 2016, a total of 72 samples of mussels were collected in coastal harvesting areas of the Montenegro. The samples were screened for NoV of genogroups GI and GII using reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR). There were 43% NoV positive samples with higher presence of genogroup GII (74.2%). With regard to influence of environmental conditions on Norovirus presence, we have proved seasonal pattern of virus occurrence i.e., the largest number of positive samples was noticed during winter, while other physico-chemical factors were not of great significance. It was found that count of E. coli did not correlate with Norovirus prevalence. From the aspect of food safety, an upgrade of monitoring plans could lead to obtaining safer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Ilic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Velebit
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kacanskog 13, 11040, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vlado Teodorovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Djordjevic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kacanskog 13, 11040, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nedjeljko Karabasil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Vasilev
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Spomenka Djuric
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Adzic
- Specialist Veterinary Laboratory, Bulevar Dzordza Vasingtona bb, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Mirjana Dimitrijevic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Beyer J, Green NW, Brooks S, Allan IJ, Ruus A, Gomes T, Bråte ILN, Schøyen M. Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis spp.) as sentinel organisms in coastal pollution monitoring: A review. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 130:338-365. [PMID: 28802590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) is widely used as a bioindicator for monitoring of coastal water pollution (mussel watch programs). Herein we provide a review of this study field with emphasis on: the suitability of Mytilus spp. as environmental sentinels; uptake and bioaccumulation patterns of key pollutant classes; the use of Mytilus spp. in mussel watch programs; recent trends in Norwegian mussel monitoring; environmental quality standards and background concentrations of key contaminants; pollutant effect biomarkers; confounding factors; particulate contaminants (microplastics, engineered nanomaterials); climate change; harmonization of monitoring procedures; and the use of deployed mussels (transplant caging) in pollution monitoring. Lastly, the overall state of the art of blue mussel pollution monitoring is discussed and some important issues for future research and development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Norman W Green
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven Brooks
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise N Bråte
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merete Schøyen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Suja G, Kripa V, Sunil Mohamed K, Lijo J, Mini KG, Sanil NK. Parasites and pathological conditions in the edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston), from the east and west coasts of India. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2569-2579. [PMID: 28752231 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A detailed pathological survey was carried out on the commercially important edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston), from two distinct coastal/brackish water ecosystems of south India. Samples were collected twice a year during wet and dry seasons from 2009 to 2012. Bacterial colonies in the form of prokaryotic inclusions, protozoans (Perkinsus beihaiensis, Nematopsis sp. and ciliates Sphenophrya sp. and Stegotricha sp.), metazoans (trematodes, turbellaria, cestodes and crustaceans) and shell parasites (Polydora spp. and Cliona spp.) along with various pathological conditions (digestive tubule atrophy, ceroid bodies, haemocytic infiltration, tissue necrosis and neoplastic disorders) were observed in C. madrasensis collected from two sites. Intensity, spatial and seasonal variations in infection prevalence and pathological effects on the host were studied. The protozoan parasite, P. beihaiensis; shell parasite, Polydora spp. and pathological condition, digestive gland atrophy were most prevalent in occurrence. High-intensity infections with P. beihaiensis, larval trematodes and Polydora spp. were found to cause significant impact on host physiology. All other parasites were observed with low mean prevalence and intensity. Karapad in Tuticorin bay, the site reported with marked pollution levels, exhibited higher number of parasitic taxa and high mean prevalence and intensity for pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Suja
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Cochin, 682018, India.
| | - V Kripa
- Fishery Environment and Management Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Cochin, 682018, India
| | - K Sunil Mohamed
- Molluscan Fisheries Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Cochin, 682018, India
| | - J Lijo
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Cochin, 682018, India.,Export Inspection Agency-Kochi Laboratory, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India, Panampilly Nagar (South), Kochi, 682 036, India
| | - K G Mini
- Fishery Resources Assessment Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Cochin, 682018, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O, Cochin, 682018, India
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39
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Smolarz K, Hallmann A, Zabrzańska S, Pietrasik A. Elevated gonadal atresia as biomarker of endocrine disruptors: Field and experimental studies using Mytilus trossulus (L.) and 17-alpha ethinylestradiol (EE2). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:58-67. [PMID: 28477987 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we compared the type and frequency of gonadal abnormalities among Mytilus trossulus populations from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Baltic Sea. Observed histopathologies were grouped as regressive changes (RC, gonadal atresia (GA) and regression (GR)), progressive changes (PC, gonadal tumors) and intersex. Sex-based and spatial differences in frequency of RC were found, with the highest frequency of RC and PC found in mussels from polluted station B followed by mussels from station A located near a purification plant outlet. Bivalves from the reference area had the lowest frequency of RC. In order to confirm biomarker applicability of RC, an exposure experiment with model xenoestrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) was performed. The exposure of M. trossulus to 50 and 500ngdL-1 of EE2 resulted in an increased frequency of gonadal regression and atresia, including melanized hemocytes infiltration in seminiferous tubules. We thus suggest that these changes can serve as biomarkers of endocrine disrupting compounds in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Smolarz
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Anna Hallmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sandra Zabrzańska
- Department of Marine Ecosystem Functioning, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anna Pietrasik
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
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40
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Banni M, Sforzini S, Arlt VM, Barranger A, Dallas LJ, Oliveri C, Aminot Y, Pacchioni B, Millino C, Lanfranchi G, Readman JW, Moore MN, Viarengo A, Jha AN. Assessing the impact of Benzo[a]pyrene on Marine Mussels: Application of a novel targeted low density microarray complementing classical biomarker responses. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28651000 PMCID: PMC5484464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of mussels in environmental monitoring and ecotoxicological studies, their genomes and gene functions have not been thoroughly explored. Several cDNA microarrays were recently proposed for Mytilus spp., but putatively identified partial transcripts have rendered the generation of robust transcriptional responses difficult in terms of pathway identification. We developed a new low density oligonucleotide microarray with 465 probes covering the same number of genes. Target genes were selected to cover most of the well-known biological processes in the stress response documented over the last decade in bivalve species at the cellular and tissue levels. Our new ‘STressREsponse Microarray’ (STREM) platform consists of eight sub-arrays with three replicates for each target in each sub-array. To assess the potential use of the new array, we tested the effect of the ubiquitous environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) at 5, 50, and 100 μg/L on two target tissues, the gills and digestive gland, of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed invivo for three days. Bioaccumulation of B[a]P was also determined demonstrating exposure in both tissues. In addition to the well-known effects of B[a]P on DNA metabolism and oxidative stress, the new array data provided clues about the implication of other biological processes, such as cytoskeleton, immune response, adhesion to substrate, and mitochondrial activities. Transcriptional data were confirmed using qRT-PCR. We further investigated cellular functions and possible alterations related to biological processes highlighted by the microarray data using oxidative stress biomarkers (Lipofuscin content) and the assessment of genotoxicity. DNA damage, as measured by the alkaline comet assay, increased as a function of dose.DNA adducts measurements using 32P-postlabeling method also showed the presence of bulky DNA adducts (i.e. dG-N2-BPDE). Lipofiscin content increased significantly in B[a]P exposed mussels. Immunohistochemical analysis of tubulin and actin showed changes in cytoskeleton organisation. Our results adopting an integrated approach confirmed that the combination of newly developed transcriptomic approcah, classical biomarkers along with chemical analysis of water and tissue samples should be considered for environmental bioimonitoring and ecotoxicological studies to obtain holistic information to assess the impact of contaminants on the biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Banni
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, ISA chott-Mariem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
- * E-mail: (MB); (ANJ)
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, King's College London, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King’s College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Barranger
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna J. Dallas
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Yann Aminot
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - James W. Readman
- Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Michael N. Moore
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MB); (ANJ)
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41
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Rementeria A, Mikolaczyk M, Lanceleur L, Blanc G, Soto M, Schäfer J, Zaldibar B. Assessment of the effects of Cu and Ag in oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) using a battery of cell and tissue level biomarkers. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 122:11-22. [PMID: 27637811 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oysters are considered sentinel organisms in environmental water quality monitoring programs in which cell and tissue level biomarkers are reliable tools. Copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) are present in relatively high concentrations in several estuaries, potentially affecting environmental and human health. Crassostrea gigas oysters were exposed during 28 days to a range of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu and Ag alone or in mixture. Effects were studied through cell and tissue level biomarkers approach. Results indicated: changes in the Condition Index (CI), altered digestive gland epithelium and presence of histopathological alterations in the gonad and digestive gland of exposed oysters. A time-dependent increase in lipofuscin contents in exposed oysters and an increase in intralysosomal metal accumulation in digestive cells through the experiment were also recorded. The Integrative Biological Response (IBR) Index showed that even at low exposure levels, Ag and Cu can produce alterations on oysters' health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Rementeria
- CBET Research Grp, Dept Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Sci and Technol Fac and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain; Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France.
| | - Mathilde Mikolaczyk
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France.
| | - Laurent Lanceleur
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France.
| | - Gérard Blanc
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France.
| | - Manu Soto
- CBET Research Grp, Dept Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Sci and Technol Fac and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Jörg Schäfer
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, CS50023, 33615 Pessac, France.
| | - Beñat Zaldibar
- CBET Research Grp, Dept Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Sci and Technol Fac and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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42
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Giltrap M, Ronan J, Tanner C, O'Beirn FX, Lyons BP, Mag Aoidh R, Rochford H, McHugh B, McGovern E, Wilson J. Application of a weight of evidence approach utilising biological effects, histopathology and contaminant levels to assess the health and pollution status of Irish blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 122:33-45. [PMID: 27742448 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A weight of evidence (WOE) approach, integrating biological effects, mussel histopathology and tissue contaminant levels is proposed to evaluate mussel health and pollution status. Contaminant levels, histopathology and several biological effects (BEs) including Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), acetylcholinesterase (AChe), metallothionein proteins (MT) and alkali labile phosphate (ALP), in Mytilus edulis are presented, improving the current knowledge base for these data. Potential links between histopathology, BEs and contaminants and ranking of sites are investigated with an integrated response (IR) indexing technique. Histopathological condition indices (Ih) in mussel digestive gland are used to calculate health indices. A spatial and temporal assessment is conducted at Irish coastal locations. Linear mixed effects modelling revealed effects of confounding factors such as reproductive condition on NRRT (gonad stage (p < 0.001)). Higher prevalence of inflammation, brown cells and epithelial thinning of the digestive gland was evident at Dublin and Wexford and this linked well with the Ih. Levels of contaminants were generally found to be low with few exceptions as were BE responses. Using the IR approach, Dublin was ranked as being most impacted while Shannon ranked the least impacted, this being consistent with the BE ranking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Giltrap
- Zoology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Nanolab Research Centre, Focas Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Jenny Ronan
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Colby Tanner
- The Ecology Center - Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States
| | | | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Brendan McHugh
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Evin McGovern
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - James Wilson
- Zoology Department, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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43
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Dallas LJ, Bean TP, Turner A, Lyons BP, Jha AN. Exposure to tritiated water at an elevated temperature: Genotoxic and transcriptomic effects in marine mussels (M. galloprovincialis). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 164:325-336. [PMID: 27552656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is an abiotic factor of particular concern for assessing the potential impacts of radionuclides on marine species. This is particularly true for tritium, which is discharged as tritiated water (HTO) in the process of cooling nuclear institutions. Additionally, with sea surface temperatures forecast to rise 0.5-3.5 °C in the next 30-100 years, determining the interaction of elevated temperature with radiological exposure has never been more relevant. We assessed the tissue-specific accumulation, transcriptional expression of key genes, and genotoxicity of tritiated water to marine mussels at either 15 or 25 °C, over a 7 day time course with sampling after 1 h, 12 h, 3 d and 7d. The activity concentration used (15 MBq L-1) resulted in tritium accumulation that varied with both time and temperature, but consistently produced dose rates (calculated using the ERICA tool) of <20 Gy h-1, i.e. considerably below the recommended guidelines of the IAEA and EURATOM. Despite this, there was significant induction of DNA strand breaks (as measured by the comet assay), which also showed a temperature-dependent time shift. At 15 °C, DNA damage was only significantly elevated after 7 d, in contrast to 25 °C where a similar response was observed after only 3 d. The transcription profiles of two isoforms of hsp70, hsp90, mt20, p53 and rad51 indicated potential mechanisms behind this temperature-induced acceleration of genotoxicity, which may be the result of compromised defence. Specifically, genes involved in protein folding, DNA double strand break repair and cell cycle checkpoint control were upregulated after 3 d HTO exposure at 15 °C, but significantly downregulated when the same exposure occurred at 25 °C. This study is the first to investigate temperature effects on radiation-induced genotoxicity in an ecologically relevant marine invertebrate, Mytilus galloprovincialis. From an ecological perspective, our study suggests that mussels (or similar marine species) exposed to increased temperature and HTO may have a compromised ability to defend against genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Tim P Bean
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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44
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Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena A, Rementeria A, Zaldibar B, de Vallejuelo SFO, Gredilla A, Arana G, de Diego A. Is there a direct relationship between stress biomarkers in oysters and the amount of metals in the sediments where they inhabit? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 111:95-105. [PMID: 27449829 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects exerted by metals in oysters are still a matter of debate and require more detailed studies. In this work we have investigated whether the health status of oysters are affected by the amount of metals present in the sediments of their habitat. Sediments and oysters were collected in the tidal part of the estuary of the Oka River (Basque Country), representative of other mesotidal, well mixed and short estuaries of the European Atlantic coast. The concentrations of 14 elements were determined in all the samples. Several biomarkers were also measured in the soft tissues of oysters. According to the concentrations found, the sediments were classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic. In good agreement, the histological alterations observed in oysters were not severe. Interestingly, in those sampling sites where the sediments showed relatively high metal concentrations, the metallic content in oysters was lower, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - A Rementeria
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Cell Biology & Histology Lab, School of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B Zaldibar
- Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Cell Biology & Histology Lab, School of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - S Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Gredilla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - G Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A de Diego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, PO BOX 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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45
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A new phylogeny and environmental DNA insight into paramyxids: an increasingly important but enigmatic clade of protistan parasites of marine invertebrates. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:605-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Strubbia S, Lyons BP, Lee RJ. Geographical and temporal variation of E. coli and norovirus in mussels. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:66-70. [PMID: 27114089 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve shellfish may accumulate contaminants of public health concern including pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Microbiological monitoring of production areas is based on faecal coliforms in water in the USA and Escherichia coli in bivalve molluscs in the European Union. E. coli is known to reflect contamination with Salmonella enterica but not necessarily with other human pathogens such as enteric viruses. A structured field study was undertaken at three locations in order to investigate the geographical and temporal variability of E. coli and norovirus (NoV). Total norovirus concentration differed significantly by both sampling site and sampling date. A significant correlation was found between total NoV concentration and E. coli concentration by sample, but not with E. coli in seawater. The results have implications for the establishment of sampling plans for NoV in harvesting areas and potentially also for the approach taken to classification based on faecal indicator bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Strubbia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60100 Ancona, Italy
| | - B P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, UK DT4 8UB
| | - R J Lee
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset, UK DT4 8UB.
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47
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Dallas LJ, Devos A, Fievet B, Turner A, Lyons BP, Jha AN. Radiation dose estimation for marine mussels following exposure to tritium: Best practice for use of the ERICA tool in ecotoxicological studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 155-156:1-6. [PMID: 26874225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate dosimetry is critically important for ecotoxicological and radioecological studies on the potential effects of environmentally relevant radionuclides, such as tritium ((3)H). Previous studies have used basic dosimetric equations to estimate dose from (3)H exposure in ecologically important organisms, such as marine mussels. This study compares four different methods of estimating dose to adult mussels exposed to 1 or 15 MBq L(-1) tritiated water (HTO) under laboratory conditions. These methods were (1) an equation converting seawater activity concentrations to dose rate with fixed parameters; (2) input into the ERICA tool of seawater activity concentrations only; (3) input into the ERICA tool of estimated whole organism concentrations (woTACs), comprising dry activity plus estimated tissue free water tritium (TFWT) activity (TFWT volume × seawater activity concentration); and (4) input into the ERICA tool of measured whole organism activity concentrations, comprising dry activity plus measured TFWT activity (TFWT volume × TFWT activity concentration). Methods 3 and 4 are recommended for future ecotoxicological experiments as they produce values for individual animals and are not reliant on transfer predictions (estimation of concentration ratio). Method 1 may be suitable if measured whole organism concentrations are not available, as it produced results between 3 and 4. As there are technical complications to accurately measuring TFWT, we recommend that future radiotoxicological studies on mussels or other aquatic invertebrates measure whole organism activity in non-dried tissues (i.e. incorporating TFWT and dry activity as one, rather than as separate fractions) and input this data into the ERICA tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Alexandre Devos
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, PRP-ENV/SERIS/Laboratoire de Radioecologie de Cherbourg-Octeville, Rue Max Pol Fouchet, BP 10, 50130 Cherbourg Octeville, France
| | - Bruno Fievet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire, PRP-ENV/SERIS/Laboratoire de Radioecologie de Cherbourg-Octeville, Rue Max Pol Fouchet, BP 10, 50130 Cherbourg Octeville, France
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Brett P Lyons
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
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dos Reis IMM, Mattos JJ, Garcez RC, Zacchi FL, Miguelão T, Flores-Nunes F, Toledo-Silva G, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Cargnin-Ferreira E, Bainy ACD. Histological responses and localization of the cytochrome P450 (CYP2AU1) in Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to phenanthrene. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:79-89. [PMID: 26519834 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) is an abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), widely distributed in aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and molecular effects in the native oyster Crassostrea brasiliana(Lamarck, 1819) exposed to 100 and 1000 μg L(-1) PHE for 1, 5 and 10 days. Histological and chemical analyses were performed to evaluate, respectively, alterations in oyster tissues and bioaccumulation. In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to assess tissue distribution of CYP2AU1, a gene formerly identified as activated by PHE exposure in this species.Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in mantle was carried out to validate ISH data. Oysters bioaccumulated PHE increasingly along the exposure period in both exposure concentrations. Histologic changes, like tubular atrophy in digestive diverticula (digestive gland) and increased number of mucous cells in the mantle were observed in animals exposed to PHE for 10 days. ISH showed the presence of CYP2AU1transcripts in gills, digestive diverticula, mantle, intestine and gonads, but significant differences in transcript detection by ISH between treatments occurred only in gills, mantle and intestine. A positive and significant correlation between tubular atrophy and CYP2AU1hybridization signal was observed in digestive diverticula, suggesting that this gene product might be involved in energetic metabolism in C. brasiliana. Increased mucous cells and CYP2AU1transcript levels were observed in the mantle, where the inner and middle lobes showed higher intensity of hybridization signal. Mantle should be considered as a target organ for CYP2AU1 transcript evaluation and histological alterations in biomonitoring studies. CYP2AU1 signal in female gonads was observed in all follicular cells from different gonadic stages, while in male only the spermatic follicle cells of the wall in the pre-spawning stage showed this signal. ISH was an effective technique to evaluate the effects of PHE exposure and to locate CYP2AU1 transcripts in different tissues of oyster C. brasiliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis M M dos Reis
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Aquaculture Pathology Research Center-NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Garcez
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Talita Miguelão
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Toledo-Silva
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sílvio T Sasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Cargnin-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Histological Markers, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, IFSC, Garopaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Dallas LJ, Jha AN. Applications of biological tools or biomarkers in aquatic biota: A case study of the Tamar estuary, South West England. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:618-633. [PMID: 25817310 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are the ultimate recipients of pollutant-induced damage. Consequently, our traditional reliance on analytical tools is not enough to assess ecosystem health. Biological responses or biomarkers are therefore also considered to be important tools for environmental hazard and risk assessments. Due to historical mining, other anthropogenic activities, and its conservational importance (e.g. NATURA sites, SACs), the Tamar estuary in South West England is an ideal environment in which to examine applications of such biological tools. This review presents a thorough and critical evaluation of the different biological tools used in the Tamar estuary thus far, while also discussing future perspectives for biomarker studies from a global perspective. In particular, we focus on the challenges which hinder applications of biological tools from being more readily incorporated into regulatory frameworks, with the aim of enabling both policymakers and primary stakeholders to maximise the environmental relevance and regulatory usefulness of such tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Cuevas N, Zorita I, Costa PM, Franco J, Larreta J. Development of histopathological indices in the digestive gland and gonad of mussels: integration with contamination levels and effects of confounding factors. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 162:152-164. [PMID: 25837830 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve histopathology has become an important tool in aquatic toxicology, having been implemented in many biomonitoring programmes worldwide. However, there are various gaps in the knowledge of many sentinel organisms and the interference of confounding factors. This work aimed (i) to develop a detailed semi-quantitative histopathological index of the digestive gland and gonad of the Mytilus galloprovincialis mussel collected from five sites contaminated with distinct patterns of organic and inorganic toxicants along the Basque coast (SE Bay of Biscay) and (ii) to investigate whether seasonal variability and parasitosis act as confounding factors. A total of twenty-three histopathological alterations were analysed in the digestive gland and gonad following a weighed condition index approach. The alterations were integrated into a single value for a better understanding of the mussels' health status. The digestive gland was consistently more damaged than the gonad. Mussels from the most impacted sites endured the most significant deleterious effects showing inflammation-related alterations together with digestive tubule atrophy and necrosis. Neoplastic diseases were scarce, with only a few cases of fibromas (benign neoplasia). In contrast, in moderately or little impacted sites, contamination levels did not cause significant tissue damage. However, parasites contributed to overestimating the values of histopathological indices (i.e. more severe tissue damage) in mussels from little impacted sites, whilst the opposite occurred in mussels from highly polluted sites. Accordingly, inter-site differences were more pronounced in autumn when natural physiological responses of advanced maturation stages did not interfere in the histological response. In conclusion, although seasonal variability and parasitosis mask the response of histopathological indices, this biomonitoring approach may provide good sensitivity for assessing the health status of mussels if fluctuations of these confounding factors are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Cuevas
- AZTI - Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395 Sukarrieta, Spain.
| | - Izaskun Zorita
- AZTI - Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Pedro M Costa
- MARE - Marine and Evironmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Javier Franco
- AZTI - Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - Joana Larreta
- AZTI - Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
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