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Guo P, Wang Y, Moghaddamfard P, Meng W, Wu S, Bao Y. Artificial intelligence-empowered collection and characterization of microplastics: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134405. [PMID: 38678715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics have been detected from water and soil systems extensively, with increasing evidence indicating their detrimental impacts on human and animal health. Concerns surrounding microplastic pollution have spurred the development of advanced collection and characterization methods for studying the size, abundance, distribution, chemical composition, and environmental impacts. This paper offers a comprehensive review of artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered technologies for the collection and characterization of microplastics. A framework is presented to streamline efforts in utilizing emerging robotics and machine learning technologies for collecting, processing, and characterizing microplastics. The review encompasses a range of AI technologies, delineating their principles, strengths, limitations, representative applications, and technology readiness levels, facilitating the selection of suitable AI technologies for mitigating microplastic pollution. New opportunities for future research and development on integrating robots and machine learning technologies are discussed to facilitate future efforts for mitigating microplastic pollution and advancing AI technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Guo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Parastoo Moghaddamfard
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Weina Meng
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States
| | - Shenghua Wu
- Department of Civil, Coastal, and Environmental Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States.
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2
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Deng L, Cheung S, Liu J, Chen J, Chen F, Zhang X, Liu H. Nanoplastics impair growth and nitrogen fixation of marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123960. [PMID: 38608853 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics pollution is a growing environmental problem worldwide. Recent research has demonstrated the toxic effects of nanoplastics on various marine organisms. However, the influences of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria, a critical nitrogen source in the ocean, remained unknown. Here, we report that nanoplastics exposure significantly reduced growth, photosynthetic, and nitrogen fixation rates of Crocosphaera watsonii (a major marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that nanoplastics might harm C. watsonii via downregulation of photosynthetic pathways and DNA damage repair genes, while genes for respiration, cell damage, nitrogen limitation, and iron (and phosphorus) scavenging were upregulated. The number and size of starch grains and electron-dense vacuoles increased significantly after nanoplastics exposure, suggesting that C. watsonii allocated more resources to storage instead of growth under stress. We propose that nanoplastics can damage the cell (e.g., DNA, cell membrane, and membrane-bound transporters), inhibit nitrogen and carbon fixation, and hence lead to nutrient limitation and impaired growth. Our findings suggest the possibility that nanoplastics pollution could reduce the new nitrogen input and hence affect the productivity in the ocean. The impact of nanoplastics on marine nitrogen fixation and productivity should be considered when predicting the ecosystem response and biogeochemical cycling in the changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Deng
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Shunyan Cheung
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China; SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Ocean Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, China.
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3
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Körpınar B, Öztürk BC, Çam NF, Akat H. Novel starch-tungsten (VI) oxide biocomposites: Preparation, characterization, and comparisons between experimental and theoretical photon attenuation coefficients. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132342. [PMID: 38750851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
This study synthesized biocomposites containing starch and WO3 at varying ratios of 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % and assessed their thermal and radiation-shielding properties. These biocomposites were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, particle-size distribution assessments, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermogravimetry measurements. Furthermore, the linear attenuation coefficients of the biocomposites were experimentally measured using an NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry system and theoretically computed using XCOM and GAMOS simulations for comparisons. The XRD and particle-size distribution profiles of the WO3.2H2O powder, respectively, demonstrated evident diffraction peaks and favorable pore-size distributions. Morphological characterizations revealed that the WO3 particles were homogeneously dispersed throughout the starch matrix without any agglomeration. Comparisons of the thermal degradation rates revealed that the pure starch and starch +50%WO3 biocomposite began decomposing at approximately 200°Cand 300 °C, respectively, indicating that increasing WO3 proportions enhanced thermal stability. Furthermore, the starch +50%WO3 biocomposite demonstrated the highest experimental linear attenuation coefficient, with a value of 0.2510 ± 0.0848 cm-1 at a gamma energy of 662 keV. Meanwhile, XCOM and GAMOS simulations revealed theoretical attenuation coefficients of 0.1229 and 0.1213 cm-1 for pure starch and 0.2202 cm-1 and 0.2178 cm-1 for the starch +50%WO3 biocomposite at 662 keV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Körpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Yunusemre, Manisa 45140, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Buket Canbaz Öztürk
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - N Füsun Çam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Hakan Akat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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4
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Soininen T, Uurasjärvi E, Hämäläinen L, Huusari N, Feodoroff J, Moshnikoff J, Niiranen E, Feodoroff P, Mustonen T, Koistinen A. Microplastics in Arctic waters of the Finnish Sámi area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173666. [PMID: 38823697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We explored the presence of microplastics in the Finnish Arctic Sámi home area. A dialogue between Indigenous knowledge and scientific field work produced data about microplastics in remote wilderness aquatic ecosystems. Methods included geographical Indigenous knowledge analysis, water sampling with fraction filtration, and imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The MPs found were small; the mean particle size was 126 ± 121 μm. Particle concentrations of MPs in freshwater and marine samples varied between 45 and 423 MPs m-3 and the most common polymer types were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyethylene terephthalate. In conclusion, because microplastics are present even in the wilderness areas, their abundance should be monitored to assess plastic pollution in the relatively pristine Arctic environments. Sámi Indigenous knowledge proved to be a beneficial and important initiator, because locals recognize the possible sources and transport pathways of plastic litter, and practical sampling sites in the complex freshwater systems of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Soininen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Emilia Uurasjärvi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arto Koistinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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5
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Cid-Samamed A, Nunes CSE, Lomas Martínez C, Diniz MS. Development of a New Aggregation Method to Remove Nanoplastics from the Ocean: Proof of Concept Using Mussel Exposure Tests. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:303. [PMID: 38786513 PMCID: PMC11117817 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The overproduction and mismanagement of plastics has led to the accumulation of these materials in the environment, particularly in the marine ecosystem. Once in the environment, plastics break down and can acquire microscopic or even nanoscopic sizes. Given their sizes, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are hard to detect and remove from the aquatic environment, eventually interacting with marine organisms. This research mainly aimed to achieve the aggregation of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) to ease their removal from the marine environment. To this end, the size and stability of polystyrene (PS) MNPs were measured in synthetic seawater with the different components of the technology (ionic liquid and chitosan). The MPs were purchased in their plain form, while the NPs displayed amines on their surface (PS NP-NH2). The results showed that this technology promoted a significant aggregation of the PS NP-NH2, whereas, for the PS MPs, no conclusive results were found, indicating that the surface charge plays an essential role in the MNP aggregation process. Moreover, to investigate the toxicological potential of MNPs, a mussel species (M. galloprovincialis) was exposed to different concentrations of MPs and NPs, separately, with and without the technology. In this context, mussels were sampled after 7, 14, and 21 days of exposure, and the gills and digestive glands were collected for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers and histological observations. In general, the results indicate that MNPs trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mussels and induce oxidative stress, making gills the most affected organ. Yet, when the technology was applied in moderate concentrations, NPs showed adverse effects in mussels. The histological analysis showed no evidence of MNPs in the gill's tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cid-Samamed
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus de As Lagoas S/N, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Catarina S. E. Nunes
- i4HB—Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.S.D.)
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science & Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Lomas Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mário S. Diniz
- i4HB—Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal (M.S.D.)
- UCIBIO, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science & Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Sun X, Yang R, Ji J, Zhu Z, White JC, Shen Y. An evaluation of microplastic contamination in the marine waters and species in the coastal region of the South Yellow Sea, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134018. [PMID: 38492402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) contamination of marine environments poses a significant ecological risk, although impacts on species' realized niche spaces remain unclear. The current study investigates MPs distribution across pelagic habitats, benthic sediments, and key biota in the South Yellow Sea, China. Samples were collected via trawling across estuarine transects, and tissues were digested to extract MPs. Density gradient separations and vacuum-filtrations prepared particle extracts for ATR-FTIR and Micro-Raman spectroscopic characterization. Sampling along industrialized river transects reveals ubiquitous plastic particle presence, with concentrations ranging from 0 to 51.68 item/L seawater. Contamination levels reach their peak at station estuaries before dispersing offshore, indicating significant waste stream inputs. Importantly, MPs detected in demersal and pelagic fish species, as well as in bivalves, confirm exposure across trophic niches. Gastrointestinal tract and gill concentrations reached 0.6 items/g fresh tissue, reflecting significant biological uptake and in vivo retention. The greatest population of organisms occurred adjacent to polluted areas. Overall, distribution of MPs from polluted rivers to coastal food webs was evident, suggesting potential negative impacts on key ecological functions in this system. These findings underscore the need to develop upstream mitigation efforts so as to minimize MPs contamination in areas where nearshore and offshore niches intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, China; Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ruiping Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-Agriculture, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Wetland, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Zebin Zhu
- Jiangsu Yancheng Environmental Monitoring Center, Yancheng 224001, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yu Shen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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7
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Medina Faull LE, Zaliznyak T, Taylor GT. From the Caribbean to the Arctic, the most abundant microplastic particles in the ocean have escaped detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116338. [PMID: 38640763 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive methodologies for monitoring microplastics (MPs) in the ocean are critical for accurately assessing abundances across a broad size spectrum, and to document distributions, sources, sinks, temporal trends, and exposure risks for organisms. Discrete 0.5-L water samples from the northeastern-coast of Venezuela (NECV), Pacific-Arctic Ocean (PAO), and Gulf Stream Current (GSC) were analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy to detect MPs not captured by net-tow surveys. Equivalent spherical diameters (ESD) of most MPs were <5 μm, accounting for 68, 83, 86 % of total inventories in NECV, GSC, PAO samples. We did not observe a single MP particle >53 μm ESD. Abundances of MPs in the 0.5-200 μm size fraction were 5-6 orders of magnitude higher than previous surveys that were almost exclusively based on net tow collections of MPs > 300 μm ESD. Abundances of MPs in NECV samples were ~10-fold higher than those from PAO and GSC. The most abundant polymers were polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), consistent with composition of plastic waste generated globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Medina Faull
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, USA.
| | - Tatiana Zaliznyak
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
| | - Gordon T Taylor
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, New York, USA
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8
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Joshi K, Rabari V, Patel H, Patel K, Rakib MRJ, Trivedi J, Paray BA, Walker TR, Jakariya M. Microplastic contamination in filter-feeding oyster Saccostrea cuccullata: Novel insights in a marine ecosystem. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116326. [PMID: 38583217 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a pressing global concern. Oysters are well-known filter feeders who ingest food by filtering microscopic particles suspended in the surrounding water. Along with organic matter, filter-feeding also causes accidental ingestion of MP by oysters. Hence, the aim of the current investigation is to understand the MP contamination in filter-feeding oysters. A total of 500 specimens of oyster Saccostrea cuccullata collected from the intertidal zone of five sampling locations on the Gujarat coast, India. Specimens underwent analysis following established protocols. Each specimen was found to exhibit MP contamination, showing an abundance of 2.72 ± 1.98 MPs/g. A negative relationship was found between shell length and MP abundance. Predominantly, fibers were documented across all study sites. Black, blue, and red-colored MPs with 1-2 mm sizes were most dominant. MP polymer composition was identified as polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene. Findings provide baseline information on levels of MPs contamination, which can be used to monitor future effects of MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Joshi
- Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India
| | - Vasantkumar Rabari
- Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India
| | - Heris Patel
- Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupal Patel
- Marine Biodiversity and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, Gujarat, India
| | - Md Refat Jahan Rakib
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
| | - Jigneshkumar Trivedi
- Animal Taxonomy and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan 384265, Gujarat, India..
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Md Jakariya
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
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9
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Nakano H, Alfonso MB, Jandang S, Phinchan N, Chavanich S, Viyakarn V, Isobe A. Influence of monsoon seasonality and tidal cycle on microplastics presence and distribution in the Upper Gulf of Thailand. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170787. [PMID: 38354800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Southeast Asian countries are recognized as significant contributors to the discharge of abundant plastic waste into the ocean. In this study, we conducted neuston net surveys on Si Chang Island of the Gulf of Thailand, a coral reef conservation area, to determine the presence of microplastic (MP) pollution. The survey, conducted during the wet (southwesterly monsoon), transition, and dry seasons (northeasterly monsoon), revealed that the MP abundance was in the range of 0.02-42.46 particles m-3. The precipitation, wind, and current direction induced by monsoons influenced the abundance and distribution of MP, presenting a significant seasonality. The cluster analysis for colors and polymer types of MPs suggested that the origin of plastic particles is diverse. Based on our results, a proposal for the generation, sources, and pathways for MPs in the Gulf of Thailand is presented: 1) plastic wastes exposed to strong UV light during the dry season get fragmented around the river, and 2) heavy rains wash away the particles during the wet season. This proposal is applicable to tropical regions, including the Gulf of Thailand. Therefore, this paper concluded that ocean currents induced by monsoons and the unique climate, resulting in the generation of MPs on land, increase MP presence and distribution in the ocean surrounding Southeast Asia countries. Furthermore, coral reef ecosystems can be particularly threatened by MPs in these areas. So, an increase in MP monitoring on coral ecosystems from Thailand and the world is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Nakano
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan; Center for Ocean Plastic Studies, Kyushu University, CU Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - María Belén Alfonso
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan; Center for Ocean Plastic Studies, Kyushu University, CU Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suppakarn Jandang
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan; Center for Ocean Plastic Studies, Kyushu University, CU Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nopphawit Phinchan
- Center for Ocean Plastic Studies, Kyushu University, CU Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Institute Building No. 3, 9th floor, Wang Mai Sub District Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Voranop Viyakarn
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, 254, Institute Building No. 3, 9th floor, Wang Mai Sub District Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsuhiko Isobe
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan; Center for Ocean Plastic Studies, Kyushu University, CU Research Building, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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10
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Munir M, Subechi M, Nurmanjaya A, Prasetya KE, Rindiyantono F, Chairuman, Pratama C, Yanto, Pujiyanto A, Setiawan H, Sarwono DA, Sarmini E, Fara ME, Suseno H. Development of a polystyrene-based microplastic model for bioaccumulation and biodistribution study using radiotracing and nuclear analysis method. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116283. [PMID: 38522338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of micro or nano plastics behavior in the environment is essential to minimize the hazards of such pollutants on humans. While the conventional method requires sophisticated procedures and a lot of animal subjects, the nuclear technique confers a sensitive, accurate, and real-time method using radiolabeled micro or nano plastics as a tracer. In this study, polystyrene sulfonate-based microplastic (PSM) was developed with a size of around 3.6 μm, followed by radiolabeling with iodine-131 (131I) or zinc-65 (65Zn) for microplastic radiotracer model. After a stability study in seawater, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and human serum albumin (HSA) for fifteen days, PSM-131I remained stable (>90 %), except in HSA (50-60 % after day-9), while PSM-65Zn was unstable (<50 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miftakul Munir
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia.
| | - Moch Subechi
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Ahid Nurmanjaya
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Kukuh Eka Prasetya
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Fernanto Rindiyantono
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Chairuman
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Chaidir Pratama
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yanto
- Directorate of Laboratory Management, Research Facilities, and Science and Technology Park, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Anung Pujiyanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Herlan Setiawan
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Daya Agung Sarwono
- Directorate of Nuclear Facility Management, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sarmini
- Directorate of Nuclear Facility Management, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Meita Eka Fara
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia; Aquatic Resources Management Master Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Jacub Rais, Tembalang, Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50275, Indonesia
| | - Heny Suseno
- Research Center for Radioisotope Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
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11
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Pashaei R, Dzingelevičienė R, Węsławski JM, Olenin S. Mussels (Mytilus spp.) in Svalbard contain microplastic particles in tissues: Implications for monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141642. [PMID: 38442773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
We examined the presence of microplastics in blue mussels Mytilus spp. from the intertidal zone of western Spitsbergen in Arctic Svalbard. The optical microscopy technique detected a total of 148 microplastics, with the highest concentration per mussel being 24 particles. Microplastics were found in 84% of the examined mussels. The microplastics ranged in size from <0.5 mm to 5 mm and consisted of fibers (83%), fragments (13%), plates (3%), and spherules (1%). The micro-Raman spectroscopy technique revealed four different types of polymers: polyethylene (67%), nylon-12 (17%), low-density polyethylene (11%), and polypropylene (5%). Our research shows that Arctic coastal waters are polluted with microplastics notwithstanding their remoteness. These findings suggest that microplastic contamination may harm marine life and coastal ecosystems and require further research into long-term environmental effects. We also indicate that intertidal mussels may be beneficial for monitoring microplastics because they can be collected without involving diving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - Reda Dzingelevičienė
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania; Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | | | - Sergej Olenin
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
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12
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Primpke S, Meyer B, Falcou-Préfol M, Schütte W, Gerdts G. At second glance: The importance of strict quality control - A case study on microplastic in the Southern Ocean key species Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170618. [PMID: 38325470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The stomach content of 60 krill specimens from the Southern Ocean were analyzed for the presence of microplastic (MP), by testing different sample volumes, extraction approaches, and applying hyperspectral imaging Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (μFTIR). Strict quality control was applied on the generated results. A high load of residual materials in pooled samples hampered the analysis and avoided a reliable determination of putative MP particles. Individual krill stomachs displayed reliable results, however, only after re-treating the samples with hydrogen peroxide. Before this treatment, lipid rich residues of krill resulted in false assignments of polymer categories and hence, false high MP particle numbers. Finally, MP was identified in 4 stomachs out of 60, with only one MP particle per stomach. Our study highlights the importance of strict quality control to verify results before coming to a final decision on MP contamination in the environment to aid the establishment of suitable internationally standardized protocols for sampling and analysis of MP in organisms including their habitats in Southern Ocean and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Primpke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Shelf Sea System Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Division Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB) at the Carl-von-Ossietzky University, Oldenburg 26111, Germany.
| | - Mathilde Falcou-Préfol
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Shelf Sea System Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Division Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Nantes Université, 1 Quai de Tourville, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Wyona Schütte
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Division Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Ammerländer Heerstraße 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Division Shelf Sea System Ecology, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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13
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Summers S, Bin-Hudari MS, Magill C, Henry T, Gutierrez T. Identification of the bacterial community that degrades phenanthrene sorbed to polystyrene nanoplastics using DNA-based stable isotope probing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5229. [PMID: 38433255 PMCID: PMC10909871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, plastic pollution has become a new environmental biotope, the so-called plastisphere. In the oceans, nano- and micro-sized plastics are omnipresent and found in huge quantities throughout the water column and sediment, and their large surface area-to-volume ratio offers an excellent surface to which hydrophobic chemical pollutants (e.g. petrochemicals and POPs) can readily sorb to. Our understanding of the microbial communities that breakdown plastic-sorbed chemical pollutants, however, remains poor. Here, we investigated the formation of 500 nm and 1000 nm polystyrene (PS) agglomerations in natural seawater from a coastal environment, and we applied DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) with the 500 nm PS sorbed with isotopically-labelled phenanthrene to identify the bacterial members in the seawater community capable of degrading the hydrocarbon. Whilst we observed no significant impact of nanoplastic size on the microbial communities associated with agglomerates that formed in these experiments, these communities were, however, significantly different to those in the surrounding seawater. By DNA-SIP, we identified Arcobacteraceae, Brevundimonas, Comamonas, uncultured Comamonadaceae, Delftia, Sphingomonas and Staphylococcus, as well as the first member of the genera Acidiphilum and Pelomonas to degrade phenanthrene, and of the genera Aquabacterium, Paracoccus and Polymorphobacter to degrade a hydrocarbon. This work provides new information that feeds into our growing understanding on the fate of co-pollutants associated with nano- and microplastics in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Summers
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
- St John's Island National Marine Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 098634, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Sufian Bin-Hudari
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clayton Magill
- Institute for GeoEnergy Engineering, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Theodore Henry
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society (EGIS), Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
- Department of Forestry Wildlife and Fisheries, Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 36849, USA
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering (IMPEE), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK.
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14
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Xie J, Chen C, Luo M, Peng X, Lin T, Chen D. Hidden dangers: High levels of organic pollutants in hadal trenches. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 251:121126. [PMID: 38237461 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The "V"-shaped structure of hadal trenches acts as a natural collector of organic pollutants, drawing attention to the need for extensive research in these areas. Our review identifies significant concentrations of organic pollutants, including persistent organic pollutants, black carbon, antibiotic-resistant genes, and plastics, which often match those in industrialized regions. They may trace back to both human activities and natural sources, underscoring the trenches' critical role in ocean biogeochemical cycles. We highlight the complex lateral and vertical transport mechanisms within these zones. Advanced methodologies, including stable isotope analysis, biomarker identification, and chiral analysis within isotope-based mixing models, are crucial for discerning the origins and pathways of these pollutants. In forthcoming studies, we aim to explore advanced methods for precise pollutant tracing, develop predictive models to forecast the future distribution and impacts of pollutants in hadal zones and on the Earth's larger ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Chuchu Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Min Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaotong Peng
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Duofu Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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15
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Ali N, Khan MH, Ali M, Sidra, Ahmad S, Khan A, Nabi G, Ali F, Bououdina M, Kyzas GZ. Insight into microplastics in the aquatic ecosystem: Properties, sources, threats and mitigation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169489. [PMID: 38159747 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Globally recognized as emergent contaminants, microplastics (MPs) are prevalent in aquaculture habitats and subject to intense management. Aquaculture systems are at risk of microplastic contamination due to various channels, which worsens the worldwide microplastic pollution problem. Organic contaminants in the environment can be absorbed by and interact with microplastic, increasing their toxicity and making treatment more challenging. There are two primary sources of microplastics: (1) the direct release of primary microplastics and (2) the fragmentation of plastic materials resulting in secondary microplastics. Freshwater, atmospheric and marine environments are also responsible for the successful migration of microplastics. Until now, microplastic pollution and its effects on aquaculture habitats remain insufficient. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems. It highlights the sources and distribution of microplastics, their physical and chemical properties, and the potential ecological consequences they pose to marine and freshwater environments. The paper also examines the current scientific knowledge on the mechanisms by which microplastics affect aquatic organisms and ecosystems. By synthesizing existing research, this review underscores the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies and further investigation to safeguard the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Hamid Khan
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Sidra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, PR China; Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Bououdina
- Department of Mathematics and Science, Faculty of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, International Hellenic University, 654 04 Kavala, Greece.
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16
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Liu L, Du RY, Jia RL, Wang JX, Chen CZ, Li P, Kong LM, Li ZH. Micro(nano)plastics in marine medaka: Entry pathways and cardiotoxicity with triphenyltin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123079. [PMID: 38061435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous presence of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) and pollutants represents a prevalent environmental challenge that necessitates understanding their combined impact on toxicity. This study examined the distribution of 5 μm (PS-MP5) and 50 nm (PS-NP50) polystyrene plastic particles during the early developmental stages of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and assessed their combined toxicity with triphenyltin (TPT). Results showed that 2 mg/L PS-MP5 and PS-NP50 could adhere to the embryo surface. PS-NP50 can passively enter the larvae and accumulate predominantly in the intestine and head, while PS-MP5 cannot. Nonetheless, both types can be actively ingested by the larvae and distributed in the intestine. 2 mg/L PS-MNPs enhance the acute toxicity of TPT. Interestingly, high concentrations of PS-NP50 (20 mg/L) diminish the acute toxicity of TPT due to their sedimentation properties and interactions with TPT. 200 μg/L PS-MNPs and 200 ng/L TPT affect complement and coagulation cascade pathways and cardiac development of medaka larvae. PS-MNPs exacerbate TPT-induced cardiotoxicity, with PS-NP50 exhibiting stronger effects than PS-MP5, which may be related to the higher adsorption capacity of NPs to TPT and their ability to enter the embryos before hatching. This study elucidates the distribution of MNPs during the early developmental stages of marine medaka and their effects on TPT toxicity, offering a theoretical foundation for the ecological risk assessment of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ren-Yan Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Jia
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Jin-Xin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Cheng-Zhuang Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ling-Ming Kong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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17
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Manullang CY, Patria MP, Haryono A, Anuar ST, Fadli M, Susanto RD, Wei Z. Vertical distribution of microplastic along the main gate of Indonesian Throughflow pathways. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115954. [PMID: 38176160 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Even though Pacific - Indian Ocean exchange [Indonesian Throughflow (ITF)] has been measured for the last three decades, the measurements of microplastic in the region is very limited. This study was the initial investigation of the vertical distribution of microplastic in the deep-sea areas across the ITF Pathway. Niskin water samples were utilized to obtain the samples from a water column in a range of 5 to 2450 m. A total of 924 microplastic particles with an average abundance of 1.062 ± 0.646. n/L were found in the water column. Our findings indicate that water temperature and water density are the most significant factors correlated to the microplastic concentration. This study will be the first report discussing the distribution of microplastics in the deep-sea water column that could be highly significant in determining the fate and transport of microplastic within Indonesian waters that exits into the Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corry Yanti Manullang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia; Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 97233 Ambon, Indonesia; Center for Collaborative Research on Aquatic Ecosystem in Eastern Indonesia, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Mufti Petala Patria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Agus Haryono
- Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 15314 Serpong, Indonesia
| | - Sabiqah Tuan Anuar
- Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microplastic Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fadli
- Research Center for Deep Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 97233 Ambon, Indonesia; Center for Collaborative Research on Aquatic Ecosystem in Eastern Indonesia, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Raden Dwi Susanto
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Marine-Estuarine and Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zexun Wei
- First Institute Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, PR China
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18
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Wang Y, Zhong Z, Chen X, Sokolova I, Ma L, Yang Q, Qiu K, Khan FU, Tu Z, Guo B, Huang W. Microplastic pollution and ecological risk assessment of Yueqing Bay affected by intensive human activities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132603. [PMID: 37778312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a widespread environmental problem posing ecological risks in the ocean. We investigated the abundance, spatial distribution, characteristics and ecological risks of MPs in surface seawater, sediments and organisms in Yueqing Bay, China. MPs were detected in both environmental media and organisms. The overall abundance (0.24 items/m3 seawater, 6.13 items/kg dry sediment, 0.77 items/individual in organisms) was low to medium compared with other coastal areas. The MPs were mainly derived from the high-intensity mariculture and shipping in the bay, as well as industrial and human activities along the surrounding coast. The abundance of MPs in water of the left (western) bay (0.39 items/m3) was considerably higher than that of the right (north-eastern) bay (0.07 items/m3) due to the different levels of population and economic development on the left and right coasts. The ecological risk assessment showed generally low to medium risk from MPs pollution in Yueqing Bay, with higher ecological risk index (H) and potential ecological hazards (RI) of MPs polymers in water samples. These data emphasize the need for timely and effective action to reduce the contribution of intensive human activities to MPs pollution and provide information for further ecotoxicological studies, pollution control, and policy development of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Bureau of Hydrology (Information Center) of Huaihe River Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Bengbu 233001, China
| | - Inna Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukuo Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qikun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Kecheng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhihan Tu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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19
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Gunaalan K, Almeda R, Vianello A, Lorenz C, Iordachescu L, Papacharalampos K, Nielsen TG, Vollertsen J. Does water column stratification influence the vertical distribution of microplastics? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122865. [PMID: 37926412 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has been confirmed in all marine compartments. However, information on the sub-surface microplastics (MPs) abundance is still limited. The vertical distribution of MPs can be influenced by water column stratification due to water masses of contrasting density. In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution of MPs in relation to the water column structure at nine sites in the Kattegat/Skagerrak (Denmark) in October 2020.A CTD was used to determine the stratification and pycnocline depth before sampling. Plastic-free pump-filter sampling devices were used to collect MPs from water samples (1-3 m3) at different depths. MPs concentration (MPs m-3) ranged from 18 to 87 MP m-3 (Median: 40 MP m-3; n = 9) in surface waters. In the mid waters, concentrations ranged from 16 to 157 MP m-3 (Median: 31 MP m-3; n = 6), while at deeper depths, concentrations ranged from 13 to 95 MP m-3 (Median: 34 MP m-3; n = 9). There was no significant difference in the concentration of MPs between depths. Regardless of the depth, polyester (47%), polypropylene (24%), polyethylene (10%), and polystyrene (9%) were the dominating polymers. Approximately 94% of the MPs fell within the size range of 11-300 μm across all depths. High-density polymers accounted for 68% of the MPs, while low-density polymers accounted for 32% at all depths. Overall, our results show that MPs are ubiquitous in the water column from surface to deep waters; we did not find any impact of water density on the depth distribution of MPs despite the strong water stratification in the Kattegat/Skagerrak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuddithamby Gunaalan
- National Institute of Aquatic Resource, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark.
| | - Rodrigo Almeda
- National Institute of Aquatic Resource, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; EOMAR, ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas of Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alvise Vianello
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Claudia Lorenz
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark; Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Jes Vollertsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Denmark
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20
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Liang B, Gao S, Wang Z, Shu R, Wang N, Tan W, Gao C, Zhang S. Spatial distribution characteristics of microplastics in the seawater column and sediments of the artificial reef area and adjacent water in Haizhou Bay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:166236. [PMID: 37572897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, scholars have been increasing concerned about microplastics (MPs). Unfortunately, information is lacking on the spatial distribution patterns of MPs in coastal seas; therefore, our understanding of the extent of offshore MP contamination remains incomplete. MP distribution in the seawater and surface sediments of an aquaculture area (AA), artificial reef area (AR), and comprehensive effect area (CEA) in Haizhou Bay were investigated in this study. The results showed that the mean abundances of MPs in the surface, middle and bottom seawater were 6.98 ± 3.01 n/m3, 9.12 ± 3.07 n/m3 and 10.20 ± 2.41 n/m3, respectively, and that the abundance in the sediment was 3.09 ± 1.16 n/g. The MP abundance in the bottom seawater was significantly higher than that in the surface seawater (P < 0.05). The correlation among MPs at different depths was not significant, but MPs in most habitats showed a significant correlation. We discovered a significant correlation between the abundance of MPs in the CEA seawater and AR sediments, but not between that in the CEA sediments and AR sediments. MPs can be transported from surface seawater to deeper layers by natural deposition processes. The horizontal transport of MPs due to the coastal gulf current and regular semidiurnal tides lead to the correlations observed in of MP abundance among the AA, CEA, and AR. Migration of MPs from the CEA to the AR was primarily caused by the southern eddies in Haizhou Bay, while migration of MPs from the sediment to the seawater could be due to upwelling in the AR. This was also the main reason there was a lack of a correlation between the sediment from the AR and the seawater from the CEA. This work provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for MP transport and source tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Liang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shike Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruilin Shu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Nuo Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenjing Tan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Ocean University Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation Center, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shuo Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Joint Laboratory for Monitoring and Conservation of Aquatic Living Resources In the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200000, China.
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21
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Matos DM, Ramos JA, Bessa F, Silva V, Rodrigues I, Antunes S, Dos Santos I, Coentro J, Brandão ALC, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Marques MPM, Santos S, Paiva VH. Anthropogenic debris ingestion in a tropical seabird community: Insights from taxonomy and foraging distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165437. [PMID: 37437636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Oceans have been considered as an unlimited supply of goods and services, but resource extraction and waste disposal became ubiquitous and have been damaging the health of marine ecosystems. Finding suitable sentinel species of the human impacts on the oceans is thus imperative, since they may work as early warnings of disruptive situations. In this study, we investigated how taxonomy and foraging distribution influenced the occurrence of anthropogenic debris among five seabird species inhabiting the tropical Atlantic region. Occurrence of anthropogenic debris was assessed using faeces of breeding individuals as a proxy of ingestion. A total of 268 particles were extracted from all samples. The categories "fragments" and "fibres", as well as the colour "blue", were the most prevalent characteristics across species. There was a high diversity of polymers from cellulosic particles to synthetic plastics (Anthropogenic Cellulosic 26.9 %; Polyester 7.7 %; Varnish 5.8 %; Polypropylene 1.9 %). Species with a more coastal foraging strategy exhibited higher occurrence and number of anthropogenic debris when compared to species foraging comparably more in pelagic areas. This suggests that anthropogenic debris are more prevalent in coastal foraging areas, where human activities occur in higher number and frequency (e.g., fisheries) and sources of freshwater input from inland are at close distance. These results provide more evidence to the growing perception on the ubiquity and diversity of anthropogenic debris in the marine environment, and further support the usefulness of using seabirds as bio-indicators of anthropogenic pollution in both neritic and oceanic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Matos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - J A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Bessa
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vítor Silva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Rodrigues
- Biosfera Cabo Verde, Sul do Cemitério, Rua 5 - Caixa Postal 233, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - Stefan Antunes
- Biosfera Cabo Verde, Sul do Cemitério, Rua 5 - Caixa Postal 233, São Vicente, Cabo Verde
| | - I Dos Santos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Coentro
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A L C Brandão
- University of Coimbra, Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L A E Batista de Carvalho
- University of Coimbra, Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M P M Marques
- University of Coimbra, Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Santos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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22
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Lloyd-Jones T, Dick JJ, Lane TP, Cunningham EM, Kiriakoulakis K. Occurrence and sources of microplastics on Arctic beaches: Svalbard. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115586. [PMID: 37832496 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is recognised as a major global environmental concern, especially within marine environments. The small size of microplastics (< 5 mm) make them readily available for ingestion by organisms in all trophic levels. Here, four beach sites in Adventfjorden on the west coast of Svalbard, were sampled with the aim of investigating the occurrence and abundance of microplastics on beaches to assess potential sources of microplastic pollution. High variability in microplastic amount, type and polymers were found at all sites ranging from means of 0.7 n/g (number) at the remotest site and 2.2 n/g (number) at the site closest to Longyearbyen. Statistical analyses suggested that patterns observed were linked to direct proximity to human activities through land uses and effluent discharge. These findings point to an increased importance of localised factors on driving elevated microplastic pollution in beach sediments over oceanic controls in remote but inhabited Arctic locations and have important implications for our understanding and future assessments of microplastic pollution in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesni Lloyd-Jones
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Jonathan J Dick
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Timothy P Lane
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Eoghan M Cunningham
- Queen's University Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry BT22 1PF, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Konstadinos Kiriakoulakis
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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23
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Leistenschneider D, Wolinski A, Cheng J, Ter Halle A, Duflos G, Huvet A, Paul-Pont I, Lartaud F, Galgani F, Lavergne É, Meistertzheim AL, Ghiglione JF. A critical review on the evaluation of toxicity and ecological risk assessment of plastics in the marine environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:164955. [PMID: 37348714 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing production of plastics together with the insufficient waste management has led to massive pollution by plastic debris in the marine environment. Contrary to other known pollutants, plastic has the potential to induce three types of toxic effects: physical (e.g intestinal injuries), chemical (e.g leaching of toxic additives) and biological (e.g transfer of pathogenic microorganisms). This critical review questions our capability to give an effective ecological risk assessment, based on an ever-growing number of scientific articles in the last two decades acknowledging toxic effects at all levels of biological integration, from the molecular to the population level. Numerous biases in terms of concentration, size, shape, composition and microbial colonization revealed how toxicity and ecotoxicity tests are still not adapted to this peculiar pollutant. Suggestions to improve the relevance of plastic toxicity studies and standards are disclosed with a view to support future appropriate legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leistenschneider
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France; SAS Plastic@Sea, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France.
| | - Adèle Wolinski
- SAS Plastic@Sea, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8222, Laboratoire d'Écogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France
| | - Jingguang Cheng
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France
| | - Alexandra Ter Halle
- CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), UMR, 5623, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Duflos
- Unité Physico-chimie des produits de la pêche et de l'aquaculture, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Arnaud Huvet
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Ika Paul-Pont
- Univ Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Franck Lartaud
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8222, Laboratoire d'Écogéochimie des Environnements Benthiques, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France
| | - François Galgani
- Unité Ressources marines en Polynésie Francaise, Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer), Vairao, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | | | | | - Jean-François Ghiglione
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 7621, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls, France.
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24
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Zhang SQ, Li P, He SW, Xing SY, Cao ZH, Zhao XL, Sun C, Li ZH. Combined effect of microplastic and triphenyltin: Insights from the gut-brain axis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100266. [PMID: 37096249 PMCID: PMC10121632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), an emerging group of pollutants, not only have direct toxic effects on aquatic organisms but also cause combined toxicity by absorbing other pollutants. Triphenyltin (TPT), one of the most widely used organotin compounds, has adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, little is known about the combined toxicity of MPs and TPT to aquatic organisms. To investigate the individual and combined toxicity of MPs and TPT, we selected the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) for a 42-day exposure experiment. Based on the environmental concentrations in a heavily polluted area, the experimental concentrations of MPs and TPT were set at 0.5 mg L-1 and 1 μg L-1, respectively. The effects of MPs combined with TPT on the carp gut-brain axis were evaluated by detecting gut physiology and biochemical parameters, gut microbial 16S rRNA, and brain transcriptome sequencing. Our results suggest that a single TPT caused lipid metabolism disorder and a single MP induced immunosuppression in carp. When MPs were combined with TPT, the involvement of TPT amplified the immunotoxic effect induced by MPs. In this study, we also explored the gut-brain axis relationship of carp immunosuppression, providing new insights for assessing the combined toxicity of MPs and TPT. At the same time, our study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the coexistence risk of MPs and TPT in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shao-Ying Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Han Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Cuici Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- Corresponding author. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
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25
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Gao P, Mohd Noor NQI, Mohamad Razali UH, Mohd Yusop MH, Md Shaarani S. Anthropogenic particles in the muscle, gill, and gastrointestinal tract of marine fish sold for human consumption. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20835. [PMID: 37916100 PMCID: PMC10616158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of marine fish with the widespread distribution of anthropogenic particles (APs) becomes increasingly severe, however, related research on the assessment of the occurrence of APs in the edible tissue of commercial fish is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the features of APs pollution based on seven species of commercial marine fish (n = 12 per species) and investigate the accumulation of APs in different tissues of fish namely gill and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and muscle. The results show that a total of 62 APs were detected in 33 out of 84 (39.3%) fresh fish samples using a micro-Raman spectrometer which in particular is characterized by a blue color, shape-like fiber, and size smaller than 0.5 mm. Among them, 47 (75.8%) particles were identified as pigments such as indigo, chrome yellow-orange, disperse yellow, and pigment black. The other 11 (17.7%) particles were plastic including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). And the rest 4 (6.5%) particles were anthropogenic cellulose fibers. Muscle tissue from six species of fish was detected to contain a total of 15 APs. Based on the total mean of APs found in fish muscle (0.018 AP items/g tissue) and on the consumption of fish in Malaysia (59 kg/capita/year), the estimated human intake of APs through fish consumption was 1062 AP items/year/capita. Considering that food consumption is an important route of human exposure to APs, it is suggested to add APs testing into the guidelines of food safety management systems and adopt mitigation measures to reduce the APs pollution in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiru Gao
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hazim Mohd Yusop
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Sharifudin Md Shaarani
- Food Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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26
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Sari Erkan H, Takatas B, Ozturk A, Gündogdu S, Aydın F, Koker L, Ozdemir OK, Albay M, Onkal Engin G. Spatio-temporal distribution of microplastic pollution in surface sediments along the coastal areas of Istanbul, Turkey. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115461. [PMID: 37659384 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become prevalent in various environmental compartments, including air, water, and soil, attracting attention as significant pollutant parameters. This study investigated the prevalence of MP pollution in surface sediments along Istanbul's Marmara Sea, encompassing the megacity and the Bosphorus. A comprehensive sampling approach was employed, covering 43 stations across four seasons and depths ranging from 5 to 70 m. The objective was to assess the impact of terrestrial, social, and industrial activities on MPs. The average concentrations varied per season, with fall, winter, spring, and summer values recorded as 2000 ± 4100, 1600 ± 3900, 4300 ± 12,000, and 9500 ± 20,300 particles/kg-DW. The study identified river stations in the Golden Horn and sea discharge locations as hotspots for high concentrations. Notably, the dominant shape shifted from fibers in fall, winter, and spring to fragments during summer, coinciding with mucilage occurrences. The study identified 11 different polymers, with polyethylene (44 %) and polypropylene (31 %) being the most common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Sari Erkan
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Betul Takatas
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Alihan Ozturk
- Yildiz Technical University, Control and Automation Engineering Department, 34349 Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Sedat Gündogdu
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Basic Sciences, 01330 Adana, Turkiye
| | - Fatih Aydın
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Freshwater Resources and Management, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Latife Koker
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Freshwater Resources and Management, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Oguz Kaan Ozdemir
- Yıldız Technical University, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, 34220 İstanbul, Turkiye
| | - Meric Albay
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Department of Freshwater Resources and Management, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Guleda Onkal Engin
- Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkiye
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27
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Liang H, Ma C, Cui N, Cao H, Wei W, Liu Y. Single and combined effects of polyethylene microplastics and acetochlor on accumulation and intestinal toxicity of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122089. [PMID: 37364755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The co-exposure of microplastics (MPs) and other contaminants has aroused extensive attention, but the combined impacts of MPs and pesticides remain poorly understood. Acetochlor (ACT), a widely used chloroacetamide herbicide, has raised concerns for its potential bio-adverse effects. This study evaluated the influences of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) for acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and intestinal toxicity in zebrafish to ACT. We found that PE-MPs significantly enhanced ACT acute toxicity. Also, PE-MPs increased the accumulation of ACT in zebrafish and aggravate the oxidative stress damage of ACT in intestines. Exposure to PE-MPs or/and ACT causes mild damage to the gut tissue of zebrafish and altered gut microbial composition. In terms of gene transcription, ACT exposure triggered a significant increase in inflammatory response-related gene expressions in the intestines, while some pro-inflammatory factors were found to be inhibited by PE-MPs. This study provides a new perspective on the fate of MPs in the environment and on the assessment of the combined effects of MPs and pesticides on organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Yuexing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Hongwu Liang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China.
| | - Chaofan Ma
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Naqi Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010030, China
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28
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Kim SK, Kim JS, Kim SY, Song NS, La HS, Yang EJ. Arctic Ocean sediments as important current and future sinks for marine microplastics missing in the global microplastic budget. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd2348. [PMID: 37406127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand unexpectedly low plastic loads at the ocean's surface compared with inputs, unidentified sinks must be located. Here, we present the microplastic (MP) budget for multi-compartments in the western Arctic Ocean (WAO) and demonstrate that Arctic sediments serve as important current and future sinks for MPs missing from the global budget. We identified an increase of 3% year-1 in MP deposition from sediment core observations. Relatively elevated MP abundances were found in seawater and surface sediments around the summer sea ice retreat region, implying enhanced MP accumulation and deposition facilitated by the ice barrier. We estimate 15.7 ± 2.30 × 1016 N and 0.21 ± 0.14 MT as total MP loads in the WAO with 90% (by mass) buried in the post-1930 sediments, which exceeds the global average of the current marine MP load. The slower increase in plastic burial versus production implies a lag in plastic delivery to the Arctic, indicating more pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Nan-Seon Song
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Sul La
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
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29
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Gao D, Kong C, Liao H, Junaid M, Pan T, Chen X, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang J. Interactive effects of polystyrene nanoplastics and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonates on the histomorphology, oxidative stress and gut microbiota in Hainan Medaka (Oryzias curvinotus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163307. [PMID: 37030384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics adsorb surrounding organic contaminants in the environment, which alters the physicochemical properties of contaminants and affects associated ecotoxicological effects on aquatic life. The current work aims to explore the individual and combined toxicological implications of polystyrene nanoplastics (80 nm) and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFAES, trade name: F-53B) in an emerging freshwater fish model Hainan Medaka (Oryzias curvinotus). Therefore, O. curvinotus were exposed to 200 μg/L of PS-NPs or 500 μg/L of F-53B in the single or mixture exposure for 7 days to investigate the effects on fluorescence accumulation, tissue damage, antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora. The PS-NPs fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the single exposure treatment than it in combined exposure treatment (p < 0.01). Histopathological results showed that exposure to PS-NPs or F-53B inflicted varying degree of damages to the gill, liver, and intestine, and these damage were also present in the corresponding tissues of the combined treatment group, illustrating a stronger extent of destruction of these tissues by the combined treatment. Compared to the control group, combined exposure group elevated the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities except in the gill. In addition, the adverse contribution of PS-NPs and F-53B on the enteric flora in the single and combined exposure groups was mainly characterised in the form of reductions in the number of probiotic bacteria (Firmicutes) and this reduction was aggravated by the combined exposure group. Collectively, our results indicated that the toxicological effects of PS-NPs and F-53B on pathology, antioxidant capacity and microbiomics of medaka may be modulated by the interaction of two contaminants with mutually interactive effects. And our work offers fresh information on the combined toxicity of PS-NPs and F-53B to aquatic creatures along with a molecular foundation for the environmental toxicological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Gao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunmiao Kong
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongping Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Pan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xikun Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510006, China.
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30
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Tang CN, Kuwahara VS, Leong SCY, Moh PY, Yoshida T. Effect of monsoon on microplastic bioavailability and ingestion by zooplankton in tropical coastal waters of Sabah. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115182. [PMID: 37352797 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Plankton seasonality in tropical coastal waters is becoming more apparent as a result of monsoon-driven changes in environmental conditions, but research on the monsoonal variation of microplastics (MP) is still limited. We examined the monsoonal variation of MP in the water column and their ingestion by zooplankton in Sepanggar Bay, Sabah, Malaysia. MP concentrations were significantly higher during the Southwest monsoon whereas MP ingestions showed no monsoonal difference across major zooplankton taxa. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Generalized Additive Models (GAM) indicate that MP concentrations were driven by changes in rainfall and salinity while MP bioavailability to zooplankton was consistent regardless of monsoon. MP ingestion increased progressively up the planktonic food chain, and bioavailability of fibers and small-sized MP of high-density polymers to zooplankton was proportionately higher. Distinct changes in the MP concentration relative to the monsoons provide new insights into the seasonal variation of MP in tropical coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Ngo Tang
- Unit for Harmful Algal Bloom Studies, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Victor S Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119227, Singapore
| | - Pak Yan Moh
- Water Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Teruaki Yoshida
- Unit for Harmful Algal Bloom Studies, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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31
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Ohno H, Iizuka Y. Microplastics in snow from protected areas in Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9942. [PMID: 37337041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Snowfall is regarded as a carrier of airborne microplastics (MPs). Deposited snow can function as a temporary reservoir for atmospheric MPs. Nevertheless, knowledge and understanding of MPs in snow remain sparse. This study investigates the abundance, composition, size (> 30 µm), and shape of MPs in snow specimens from various nature preservation areas and also from urban sites in Hokkaido. Various polymeric-type MPs with mostly fragmentary shapes were detected among the specimens. More than half of MPs were in the smallest size class (30-60 µm), implying the presence of more MPs below the limit (< 30 µm). Concentrations of MPs ranged from 1.5 × 102 to 4.2 × 103 particles/L. The results demonstrated that microplastic abundance generally decreases concomitantly with increasing remoteness of sampling sites. Observed features of MPs at different locations and their relation to geographical settings have indicated that the ubiquitously observed fine particles (mainly alkyd, ethylene-vinyl acetate, and polyethylene) are attributable to long-distance atmospheric transportation, whereas the rubber and larger particles especially found near highways and cities are from local sources of plastic. Taken together, these findings suggest important implications for elucidating the nature and distribution of atmospheric MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ohno
- Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Iizuka
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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32
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Rowlands E, Galloway T, Cole M, Peck VL, Posacka A, Thorpe S, Manno C. Vertical flux of microplastic, a case study in the Southern Ocean, South Georgia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115117. [PMID: 37331275 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Estimated plastic debris floating at the ocean surface varies depending on modelling approaches, with some suggesting unaccounted sinks for marine plastic debris due to mismatches between plastic predicted to enter the ocean and that accounted for at the surface. A major knowledge gap relates to the vertical sinking of oceanic plastic. We used an array of floating sediment traps combined with optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to measure the microplastic flux between 50 and 150 m water depth over 24 h within a natural harbour of the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. This region is influenced by fishing, tourism, and research activity. We found a 69 % decrease in microplastic flux from 50 m (306 pieces/m2/day) to 150 m (94pieces/m2/day). Our study confirms the occurrence of a vertical flux of microplastic in the upper water column of the Southern Ocean, which may influence zooplankton microplastic consumption and the carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rowlands
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; University of Exeter, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Streatham Campus, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4PY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Tamara Galloway
- University of Exeter, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Streatham Campus, Stocker Rd, Exeter EX4 4PY, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Matthew Cole
- Plymouth marine laboratory, Prospect Pl, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Victoria L Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anna Posacka
- Ocean Diagnostics, Suite 1102, 4464 Markham Street, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada
| | - Sally Thorpe
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Clara Manno
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Hossain MB, Yu J, Ujjaman Nur AA, Banik P, Jolly YN, Mamun MA, Arai T, Albeshr MF. Microplastics in surface water from a mighty subtropical estuary: First observations on occurrence, characterization, and contamination assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115594. [PMID: 36907342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine contamination by Microplastics (MPs) is a mater of serious concern since these areas offer the society valuable ecosystem, economic, and recreational services such as breeding and feeding ground for fish, carbon fixation, nutrients recycling and port development. The Meghna estuary, located along the Bengal delta coast, provides livelihoods for thousands of peoples in Bangladesh, and served as breeding ground for national fish, Hilsha shad. Therefore, knowledge and understanding on any kind of pollution including MPs of this estuary is essential. In this study, the abundance, characteristics and contamination assessment of MPs from the surface water of a Meghna estuary were investigated for the first time. The results demonstrated that MPs were present in all samples and the abundance ranged from 33.33 to 316.67 item/m3 with a mean value of 128.89 ± 67.94 item/m3. Morphological analyses resulted in four types of MPs such as fibers (87%), fragments (6%), foam (4%), and films (3%) with the majority of these being colored (62%) and smaller (<0.5 mm) in size (88%). On the other hand, FTIR analysis for chemical characteristics confirmed five types of polymers, including polythene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polythene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The area was determined to be moderately to severely contaminated with MPs based on contamination factor (CF) values (6.18 ± 2.08 to 2.50 ± 1.0) and the pollutant load index (PLI) value (1.94 ± 0.33) as these values were > 3-6 for CF, and >1 for PLI. These results can be utilized to develop policy for the protection of this important environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belal Hossain
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia; Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Jimmy Yu
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - As-Ad Ujjaman Nur
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Partho Banik
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin N Jolly
- Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Al- Mamun
- Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Takaomi Arai
- Environmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Mohammed Fahad Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Feng Z, Zheng L, Liu J. Classification of household microplastics using a multi-model approach based on Raman spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138312. [PMID: 36907487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of plastics leads to the release and diffusion of microplastics. Household plastic products occupy a large part and are closely related to daily life. Due to the small size and complex composition of microplastics, it is challenging to identify and quantify microplastics. Therefore,a multi-model machine learning approach was developed for classification of household microplastics based on Raman spectroscopy. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and machine learning algorithm are combined to realize the accurate identification of seven standard microplastic samples, real microplastics samples and real microplastic samples post-exposure to environmental stresses. Four single-model machine learning methods were used in this study, including Support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model. The principal components analysis (PCA) was utilized before SVM, KNN and LDA. The classification effect of four models on standard plastic samples is over 88%, and reliefF algorithm was used to distinguish HDPE and LDPE samples. A multi-model is proposed based on four single models including PCA-LDA, PCA-KNN and MLP. The recognition accuracy of multi-model for standard microplastic samples, real microplastic samples and microplastic samples post-exposure to environmental stresses is over 98%. Our study demonstrates that the multi-model coupled with Raman spectroscopy is a valuable tool for microplastic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Feng
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zheng
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Dust Control and Occupational Protection, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China; School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China; Institute of Occupational Health, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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35
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Ziembowicz S, Kida M, Koszelnik P. Elimination of a Mixture of Microplastics Using Conventional and Detergent-Assisted Coagulation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16114070. [PMID: 37297202 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research described here investigated the suitability of coagulation process in the elimination of microplastics from tap water. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of microplastic type (PE1, PE2, PE3, PVC1, PVC2, and PVC3), tap water pH (3, 5, 7, and 9), coagulant doses (0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g/L), and microplastic concentration (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 g/L) on elimination efficiency with coagulation utilizing Al and Fe coagulants as well coagulation combined with a detergent (SDBS) addition. This work also explores the elimination of a mixture of two microplastics (PE and PVC) that are significant in terms of the environment. The effectiveness of conventional and detergent-assisted coagulation was calculated as a percentage. The fundamental characteristics of microplastics were also determined via LDIR analysis, and on the basis of these findings, particles that were more coagulation-prone were identified. The maximum reduction in MPs was achieved with tap water's neutral pH and a coagulant dosage of 0.05 g/L. The addition of SDBS increased the loss of the plastic microparticles' efficacy. A removal efficiency of greater than 95% (Al-coagulant) and 80% (Fe-coagulant) was achieved for each of the microplastics tested. The removal efficiency of the microplastic mixture with SDBS-assisted coagulation was obtained at a level of 95.92% (AlCl3·6H2O) and 98.9% (FeCl3·6H2O). After each coagulation procedure, the mean circularity and solidity of the unremoved particles increased. This confirmed that particles with irregular shapes are easier to completely remove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ziembowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszów University of Technology, AVE Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kida
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszów University of Technology, AVE Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Koszelnik
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszów University of Technology, AVE Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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36
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Baudena A, Kiko R, Jalón-Rojas I, Pedrotti ML. Low-Density Plastic Debris Dispersion beneath the Mediterranean Sea Surface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7503-7515. [PMID: 37125732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic is a widespread marine pollutant, with most studies focusing on the distribution of floating plastic debris at the sea surface. Recent evidence, however, indicates a significant presence of such low density plastic in the water column and at the seafloor, but information on its origin and dispersion is lacking. Here, we studied the pathways and fate of sinking plastic debris in the Mediterranean Sea, one of the most polluted world seas. We used a recent Lagrangian plastic-tracking model, forced with realistic parameters, including a maximum estimated sinking speed of 7.8 m/d. Our simulations showed that the locations where particles left the surface differed significantly from those where they reached the seafloor, with lateral transport distances between 119 and 282 km. Furthermore, 60% of particles deposited on the bottom coastal strip (20 km wide) were released from vessels, 20% from the facing country, and 20% from other countries. Theoretical considerations furthermore suggested that biological activities potentially responsible for the sinking of low density plastic occur throughout the water column. Our findings indicate that the responsibility for seafloor plastic pollution is shared among Mediterranean countries, with potential impact on pelagic and benthic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baudena
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR 7093 LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer 06230, France
| | - Rainer Kiko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR 7093 LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer 06230, France
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabel Jalón-Rojas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Maria Luiza Pedrotti
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, UMR 7093 LOV, Villefranche-sur-Mer 06230, France
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37
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Janakiram R, Keerthivasan R, Janani R, Ramasundaram S, Martin MV, Venkatesan R, Ramana Murthy MV, Sudhakar T. Seasonal distribution of microplastics in surface waters of the Northern Indian Ocean. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114838. [PMID: 37002963 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Seven expeditions were carried out during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon in 2018-2019 for marine plastic collection in surface waters of Northern Indian Ocean. PE and PP (83 %) is the dominant type of polymer found in the surface waters. Colored particles account for 67 % of all particles, with fibre/line accounting for 86 %. The average (Mean ± SD) microplastics concentration in the Northern Indian Ocean during pre-monsoon is 15,200 ± 7999 no./km2, Monsoon is 18,223 ± 14,725 no./km2 and post monsoon is 72,381 ± 77,692 no./km2. BoB during pre-monsoon and post monsoon the microplastic concentration remains same except in the northern BoB this change is caused due to weak winds. Microplastics concentration varied both spatially, temporal and heterogeneity in nature. These differences are caused by effect of wind and seasonal reversal of currents. Microplastics collected in the anticyclonic eddy are 129,000 no./km2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Janakiram
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - R Keerthivasan
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - R Janani
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - S Ramasundaram
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - M V Martin
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - R Venkatesan
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - M V Ramana Murthy
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
| | - Tata Sudhakar
- National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Chennai, India.
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38
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Celik M, Nakano H, Uchida K, Isobe A, Arakawa H. Comparative evaluation of the carbonyl index of microplastics around the Japan coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114818. [PMID: 36989597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The carbonyl index (CI) of polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics (MPs) (2950 particles) collected in coastal waters around Japan was investigated. The CI of MPs was calculated by the specified area under band technique. The mean MP CI in all samples (regardless of shape and color) was 0.69 ± 0.34 and 0.70 ± 0.34 for polyethylene and polypropylene, respectively, and there was no significant difference in the color or shape of the MPs. The polyethylene, white, and fragment MPs CI was negatively (p < 0.05) correlated with the major length of the MPs. Large MPs with relatively little deterioration were distributed along the west coast of the Sea of Japan, whereas small MPs were distributed along the east coast. Our findings of this gradual change in the deterioration of MPs, based on geographical distribution, are in accordance with literature CI-size and MP degradation hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Celik
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Haruka Nakano
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Keiichi Uchida
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Isobe
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Arakawa
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
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39
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Defontaine S, Jalón-Rojas I. Physical processes matters! Recommendations for sampling microplastics in estuarine waters based on hydrodynamics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114932. [PMID: 37087826 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in estuarine waters is crucial for understanding the fate of microplastics at the land-sea continuum, and for developing policies and legislation to mitigate associated risks. However, if protocols to monitor microplastic pollution in ocean waters or beach sediments are well established, they may not be adequate for estuarine environments, due to the complex 3D hydrodynamics. In this note, we review and discuss sampling methods and strategies in relation to the main environmental forcing, estuarine hydrodynamics, and their spatio-temporal scales of variability. We propose recommendations about when, where and how to sample microplastics to capture the most representative picture of microplastic pollution. This note opens discussions on the urgent need for standardized methods and protocols to routinely monitor microplastics in estuaries which should, at the same time, be easily adaptable to the different systems to ensure consistency and comparability of data across different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Defontaine
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France; Ifremer - DYNECO/DHYSED, Centre de Bretagne, CS 10070, 29280 Plouzan, France.
| | - Isabel Jalón-Rojas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
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40
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Nawab J, Khan H, Ghani J, Zafar MI, Khan S, Toller S, Fatima L, Hamza A. New insights into the migration, distribution and accumulation of micro-plastic in marine environment: A critical mechanism review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138572. [PMID: 37088212 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in the marine environment, posing a significant threat to marine biota. The contribution of anthropogenic and terrestrial sources to the aquatic ecosystem has led to an increase in MPs findings, and their abundance in aquatic biota has been reported to be of concern. MPs are formed mainly via photo degradation of macroplastics (large plastic debris), and their release into the environment is a result of the degradation of additives. Eco-toxicological risks are increasing for marine organisms, due to the ingestion of MPs, which cause damage to gastrointestinal (GI) tracts and stomach. Plastics with a size <5 mm are considered MPs, and they are commonly identified by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Laser direct infrared (LDIR). The size, density and additives are the main factors influencing the abundance and bioavailability of MPs. The most abundant type of MPs found in fishes are fiber, polystyrenes, and fragments. These microscale pellets cause physiological stress and growth deformities by targeting the GI tracts of fishes and other biota. Approximately 80% MPs come from terrestrial sources, either primary, generated during different products such as skin care products, tires production and the use of MPs as carrier for pharmaceutical products, or secondary plastics, disposed of near coastal areas and water bodies. The issue of MPs and their potential effects on the marine ecosystem require proper attention. Therefore, this study conducted an extensive literature review on assessing MPs levels in fishes, sediments, seawater, their sources, and effects on marine biota (especially on fishes), chemo-physical behavior and the techniques used for their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Nawab
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
| | - Haris Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Simone Toller
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laraib Fatima
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 2300, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hamza
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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41
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Chen J, Wan N, Li K, Aibin H, He H, Wang D, Zhang W. Molecular characteristics and biological effects of dissolved organic matter leached from microplastics during sludge hydrothermal treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130718. [PMID: 36860029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous knowledge of dissolved organic matter leached from microplastics (MP-DOM) was mainly based on the aquatic environment. The molecular characteristics and biological effects of MP-DOM in other environments have rarely been examined. In this work, FT-ICR-MS was applied to identify MP-DOM leached from sludge hydrothermal treatment (HTT) at different temperatures, and the plant effects and acute toxicity were investigated. The results showed that the molecular richness and diversity of MP-DOM increased with rising temperature, accompanied by molecular transformation in the meantime. The oxidation was crucial whereas the amide reactions mainly occurred at 180-220 oC. MP-DOM promoted root development of Brassica rapa (field mustard) by affecting the expression of genes and the effect was enhanced with rising temperature. Specifically, the lignin-like compounds in MP-DOM down-regulated Phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, while CHNO compounds up-regulated the nitrogen metabolism. Correlation analysis presented that alcohols/esters leached at 120-160 oC were responsible for the promotion of root, while glucopyranoside leached at 180-220 oC was vital for root development. However, MP-DOM produced at 220 oC showed the acute toxicity to luminous bacteria. Considering the further-treatment of sludge, the optimum HTT temperature could be controlled at 180 oC. This work provides novel insight into the environmental fate and eco-environmental effects of MP-DOM in sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Na Wan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Kewei Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hu Aibin
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
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Marques J, Ares A, Costa J, Marques MPM, de Carvalho LAEB, Bessa F. Plastisphere assemblages differ from the surrounding bacterial communities in transitional coastal environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161703. [PMID: 36708826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Marine plastic contamination is currently considered ubiquitous in aquatic environments. These particles present a resistant and hydrophobic substrate known to promote microbial colonisation and biofilm formation in aquatic ecosystems, the so-called "Plastisphere", raising concerns about its potential ecological risks. The novelty of this topic translates into a relatively low number of studies, including for transitional coastal ecosystems, such as sandy beaches or estuarine habitats. Therefore, a sampling campaign was conducted in two transitional coastal ecosystems - the Mondego estuary (Portugal) - and adjacent sandy beaches (winter 2020). After visual sorting and filtering of suspected particles under sterile conditions DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplicon high throughput sequencing was used to profile the bacterial communities on the surface of plastic particles and from those found on the water and sediments from the sampled transitional coastal ecosystems. All particles were characterised according to type, colour and size, and the chemical nature of the particles was determined by FTIR-ATR or μ-FTIR spectroscopy after DNA extraction. All samples contained plastics in several sizes (micro and mesoplastics), shapes (higher abundances of fragments on beaches and fibres in the estuarine waters), colours and polymers. Although no significant differences were detected in the α-diversity indexes of the bacterial communities between plastics and their surrounding environments, data showed the occurrence of unique key bacterial groups on plastics from both environments, such as pathogens (e.g., Lactococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) and groups commonly associated with wastewater treatment plants (e.g., members of the phylum Firmicutes). This highlights the concerns for plastics to act as vectors of transmission and spread of these bacterial groups in transitional coastal ecosystems. Furthermore, it raises the possibility that (micro)plastics entering the estuary from the sea play a substantial contribution to overall dynamics of (micro)plastics and their microbial assemblages in the estuarine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marques
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aitana Ares
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology - Science for People & the Planet, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - M P M Marques
- University of Coimbra, Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L A E Batista de Carvalho
- University of Coimbra, Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Bessa
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Ferreira GVB, Justino AKS, Eduardo LN, Schmidt N, Martins JR, Ménard F, Fauvelle V, Mincarone MM, Lucena-Frédou F. Influencing factors for microplastic intake in abundant deep-sea lanternfishes (Myctophidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161478. [PMID: 36634781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic debris is ubiquitous in the hydrosphere. Yet, we lack an understanding of contamination among deep-sea species and primarily how each trait can influence microplastic intake. We investigated microplastic contamination in the digestive tract of hyper-abundant mesopelagic lanternfishes (n = 364 individuals) from the Southwestern Tropical Atlantic, captured from 90 to 1000 m depth. Overall, microplastics were detected in most individuals analysed (frequency of occurrence = 68 %). Large microplastics, mostly of a filamentous shape were the most frequent, followed by smaller fragments and foams. Microplastics made of high-density polymers (PET, PVC, PA, SBR rubber) were more prevalent than low-density ones (PE, EVA and PBD rubber), especially under deeper layers. Larger microplastics were detected in lanternfishes captured off the northeastern Brazilian coast (mean 0.88 ± SE 0.06 mm) compared to those from around the Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (0.70 ± 0.07 mm; p≤ 0.05), ∼350 km from the continent. Moreover, lanternfishes that migrate from the upper mesopelagic (200-500 m) to the epipelagic layers (<200 m) had simultaneously the highest intake and the smallest particles (1.65 ± 0.17 particles individual-1 and 0.55 ± 0.07 mm; p≤ 0.05). Biological mediated transport of microplastics from the epipelagic to the mesopelagic waters was evinced, but fishes foraging in shallower layers had the lowest intake (1.11 ± 0.10 part. ind.-1; p≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the jaw length was positively associated with an increment in microplastic intake (Incidence Rate Ratio = 1.1; p≤ 0.05). The lanternfishes that preferably prey upon fish larvae are more prone to microplastic intake than their counterparts, which forage mostly on crustaceans and gelatinous zooplankton (p≤ 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme V B Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Anne K S Justino
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil; Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Toulon, France
| | - Leandro N Eduardo
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil; MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Natascha Schmidt
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
| | - Júlia R Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação (PPG-CiAC), Av. São José do Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Ménard
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Michael M Mincarone
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Av. São José do Barreto, 764, Macaé, RJ 27965-045, Brazil; Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Flávia Lucena-Frédou
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
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Landrigan PJ, Raps H, Cropper M, Bald C, Brunner M, Canonizado EM, Charles D, Chiles TC, Donohue MJ, Enck J, Fenichel P, Fleming LE, Ferrier-Pages C, Fordham R, Gozt A, Griffin C, Hahn ME, Haryanto B, Hixson R, Ianelli H, James BD, Kumar P, Laborde A, Law KL, Martin K, Mu J, Mulders Y, Mustapha A, Niu J, Pahl S, Park Y, Pedrotti ML, Pitt JA, Ruchirawat M, Seewoo BJ, Spring M, Stegeman JJ, Suk W, Symeonides C, Takada H, Thompson RC, Vicini A, Wang Z, Whitman E, Wirth D, Wolff M, Yousuf AK, Dunlop S. The Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health. Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:23. [PMID: 36969097 PMCID: PMC10038118 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plastics have conveyed great benefits to humanity and made possible some of the most significant advances of modern civilization in fields as diverse as medicine, electronics, aerospace, construction, food packaging, and sports. It is now clear, however, that plastics are also responsible for significant harms to human health, the economy, and the earth's environment. These harms occur at every stage of the plastic life cycle, from extraction of the coal, oil, and gas that are its main feedstocks through to ultimate disposal into the environment. The extent of these harms not been systematically assessed, their magnitude not fully quantified, and their economic costs not comprehensively counted. Goals The goals of this Minderoo-Monaco Commission on Plastics and Human Health are to comprehensively examine plastics' impacts across their life cycle on: (1) human health and well-being; (2) the global environment, especially the ocean; (3) the economy; and (4) vulnerable populations-the poor, minorities, and the world's children. On the basis of this examination, the Commission offers science-based recommendations designed to support development of a Global Plastics Treaty, protect human health, and save lives. Report Structure This Commission report contains seven Sections. Following an Introduction, Section 2 presents a narrative review of the processes involved in plastic production, use, and disposal and notes the hazards to human health and the environment associated with each of these stages. Section 3 describes plastics' impacts on the ocean and notes the potential for plastic in the ocean to enter the marine food web and result in human exposure. Section 4 details plastics' impacts on human health. Section 5 presents a first-order estimate of plastics' health-related economic costs. Section 6 examines the intersection between plastic, social inequity, and environmental injustice. Section 7 presents the Commission's findings and recommendations. Plastics Plastics are complex, highly heterogeneous, synthetic chemical materials. Over 98% of plastics are produced from fossil carbon- coal, oil and gas. Plastics are comprised of a carbon-based polymer backbone and thousands of additional chemicals that are incorporated into polymers to convey specific properties such as color, flexibility, stability, water repellence, flame retardation, and ultraviolet resistance. Many of these added chemicals are highly toxic. They include carcinogens, neurotoxicants and endocrine disruptors such as phthalates, bisphenols, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), brominated flame retardants, and organophosphate flame retardants. They are integral components of plastic and are responsible for many of plastics' harms to human health and the environment.Global plastic production has increased almost exponentially since World War II, and in this time more than 8,300 megatons (Mt) of plastic have been manufactured. Annual production volume has grown from under 2 Mt in 1950 to 460 Mt in 2019, a 230-fold increase, and is on track to triple by 2060. More than half of all plastic ever made has been produced since 2002. Single-use plastics account for 35-40% of current plastic production and represent the most rapidly growing segment of plastic manufacture.Explosive recent growth in plastics production reflects a deliberate pivot by the integrated multinational fossil-carbon corporations that produce coal, oil and gas and that also manufacture plastics. These corporations are reducing their production of fossil fuels and increasing plastics manufacture. The two principal factors responsible for this pivot are decreasing global demand for carbon-based fuels due to increases in 'green' energy, and massive expansion of oil and gas production due to fracking.Plastic manufacture is energy-intensive and contributes significantly to climate change. At present, plastic production is responsible for an estimated 3.7% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than the contribution of Brazil. This fraction is projected to increase to 4.5% by 2060 if current trends continue unchecked. Plastic Life Cycle The plastic life cycle has three phases: production, use, and disposal. In production, carbon feedstocks-coal, gas, and oil-are transformed through energy-intensive, catalytic processes into a vast array of products. Plastic use occurs in every aspect of modern life and results in widespread human exposure to the chemicals contained in plastic. Single-use plastics constitute the largest portion of current use, followed by synthetic fibers and construction.Plastic disposal is highly inefficient, with recovery and recycling rates below 10% globally. The result is that an estimated 22 Mt of plastic waste enters the environment each year, much of it single-use plastic and are added to the more than 6 gigatons of plastic waste that have accumulated since 1950. Strategies for disposal of plastic waste include controlled and uncontrolled landfilling, open burning, thermal conversion, and export. Vast quantities of plastic waste are exported each year from high-income to low-income countries, where it accumulates in landfills, pollutes air and water, degrades vital ecosystems, befouls beaches and estuaries, and harms human health-environmental injustice on a global scale. Plastic-laden e-waste is particularly problematic. Environmental Findings Plastics and plastic-associated chemicals are responsible for widespread pollution. They contaminate aquatic (marine and freshwater), terrestrial, and atmospheric environments globally. The ocean is the ultimate destination for much plastic, and plastics are found throughout the ocean, including coastal regions, the sea surface, the deep sea, and polar sea ice. Many plastics appear to resist breakdown in the ocean and could persist in the global environment for decades. Macro- and micro-plastic particles have been identified in hundreds of marine species in all major taxa, including species consumed by humans. Trophic transfer of microplastic particles and the chemicals within them has been demonstrated. Although microplastic particles themselves (>10 µm) appear not to undergo biomagnification, hydrophobic plastic-associated chemicals bioaccumulate in marine animals and biomagnify in marine food webs. The amounts and fates of smaller microplastic and nanoplastic particles (MNPs <10 µm) in aquatic environments are poorly understood, but the potential for harm is worrying given their mobility in biological systems. Adverse environmental impacts of plastic pollution occur at multiple levels from molecular and biochemical to population and ecosystem. MNP contamination of seafood results in direct, though not well quantified, human exposure to plastics and plastic-associated chemicals. Marine plastic pollution endangers the ocean ecosystems upon which all humanity depends for food, oxygen, livelihood, and well-being. Human Health Findings Coal miners, oil workers and gas field workers who extract fossil carbon feedstocks for plastic production suffer increased mortality from traumatic injury, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, silicosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Plastic production workers are at increased risk of leukemia, lymphoma, hepatic angiosarcoma, brain cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, neurotoxic injury, and decreased fertility. Workers producing plastic textiles die of bladder cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, and interstitial lung disease at increased rates. Plastic recycling workers have increased rates of cardiovascular disease, toxic metal poisoning, neuropathy, and lung cancer. Residents of "fenceline" communities adjacent to plastic production and waste disposal sites experience increased risks of premature birth, low birth weight, asthma, childhood leukemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.During use and also in disposal, plastics release toxic chemicals including additives and residual monomers into the environment and into people. National biomonitoring surveys in the USA document population-wide exposures to these chemicals. Plastic additives disrupt endocrine function and increase risk for premature births, neurodevelopmental disorders, male reproductive birth defects, infertility, obesity, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and cancers. Chemical-laden MNPs formed through the environmental degradation of plastic waste can enter living organisms, including humans. Emerging, albeit still incomplete evidence indicates that MNPs may cause toxicity due to their physical and toxicological effects as well as by acting as vectors that transport toxic chemicals and bacterial pathogens into tissues and cells.Infants in the womb and young children are two populations at particularly high risk of plastic-related health effects. Because of the exquisite sensitivity of early development to hazardous chemicals and children's unique patterns of exposure, plastic-associated exposures are linked to increased risks of prematurity, stillbirth, low birth weight, birth defects of the reproductive organs, neurodevelopmental impairment, impaired lung growth, and childhood cancer. Early-life exposures to plastic-associated chemicals also increase the risk of multiple non-communicable diseases later in life. Economic Findings Plastic's harms to human health result in significant economic costs. We estimate that in 2015 the health-related costs of plastic production exceeded $250 billion (2015 Int$) globally, and that in the USA alone the health costs of disease and disability caused by the plastic-associated chemicals PBDE, BPA and DEHP exceeded $920 billion (2015 Int$). Plastic production results in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions equivalent to 1.96 gigatons of carbon dioxide (CO2e) annually. Using the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) social cost of carbon metric, we estimate the annual costs of these GHG emissions to be $341 billion (2015 Int$).These costs, large as they are, almost certainly underestimate the full economic losses resulting from plastics' negative impacts on human health and the global environment. All of plastics' economic costs-and also its social costs-are externalized by the petrochemical and plastic manufacturing industry and are borne by citizens, taxpayers, and governments in countries around the world without compensation. Social Justice Findings The adverse effects of plastics and plastic pollution on human health, the economy and the environment are not evenly distributed. They disproportionately affect poor, disempowered, and marginalized populations such as workers, racial and ethnic minorities, "fenceline" communities, Indigenous groups, women, and children, all of whom had little to do with creating the current plastics crisis and lack the political influence or the resources to address it. Plastics' harmful impacts across its life cycle are most keenly felt in the Global South, in small island states, and in disenfranchised areas in the Global North. Social and environmental justice (SEJ) principles require reversal of these inequitable burdens to ensure that no group bears a disproportionate share of plastics' negative impacts and that those who benefit economically from plastic bear their fair share of its currently externalized costs. Conclusions It is now clear that current patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal are not sustainable and are responsible for significant harms to human health, the environment, and the economy as well as for deep societal injustices.The main driver of these worsening harms is an almost exponential and still accelerating increase in global plastic production. Plastics' harms are further magnified by low rates of recovery and recycling and by the long persistence of plastic waste in the environment.The thousands of chemicals in plastics-monomers, additives, processing agents, and non-intentionally added substances-include amongst their number known human carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, neurotoxicants, and persistent organic pollutants. These chemicals are responsible for many of plastics' known harms to human and planetary health. The chemicals leach out of plastics, enter the environment, cause pollution, and result in human exposure and disease. All efforts to reduce plastics' hazards must address the hazards of plastic-associated chemicals. Recommendations To protect human and planetary health, especially the health of vulnerable and at-risk populations, and put the world on track to end plastic pollution by 2040, this Commission supports urgent adoption by the world's nations of a strong and comprehensive Global Plastics Treaty in accord with the mandate set forth in the March 2022 resolution of the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).International measures such as a Global Plastics Treaty are needed to curb plastic production and pollution, because the harms to human health and the environment caused by plastics, plastic-associated chemicals and plastic waste transcend national boundaries, are planetary in their scale, and have disproportionate impacts on the health and well-being of people in the world's poorest nations. Effective implementation of the Global Plastics Treaty will require that international action be coordinated and complemented by interventions at the national, regional, and local levels.This Commission urges that a cap on global plastic production with targets, timetables, and national contributions be a central provision of the Global Plastics Treaty. We recommend inclusion of the following additional provisions:The Treaty needs to extend beyond microplastics and marine litter to include all of the many thousands of chemicals incorporated into plastics.The Treaty needs to include a provision banning or severely restricting manufacture and use of unnecessary, avoidable, and problematic plastic items, especially single-use items such as manufactured plastic microbeads.The Treaty needs to include requirements on extended producer responsibility (EPR) that make fossil carbon producers, plastic producers, and the manufacturers of plastic products legally and financially responsible for the safety and end-of-life management of all the materials they produce and sell.The Treaty needs to mandate reductions in the chemical complexity of plastic products; health-protective standards for plastics and plastic additives; a requirement for use of sustainable non-toxic materials; full disclosure of all components; and traceability of components. International cooperation will be essential to implementing and enforcing these standards.The Treaty needs to include SEJ remedies at each stage of the plastic life cycle designed to fill gaps in community knowledge and advance both distributional and procedural equity.This Commission encourages inclusion in the Global Plastic Treaty of a provision calling for exploration of listing at least some plastic polymers as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention.This Commission encourages a strong interface between the Global Plastics Treaty and the Basel and London Conventions to enhance management of hazardous plastic waste and slow current massive exports of plastic waste into the world's least-developed countries.This Commission recommends the creation of a Permanent Science Policy Advisory Body to guide the Treaty's implementation. The main priorities of this Body would be to guide Member States and other stakeholders in evaluating which solutions are most effective in reducing plastic consumption, enhancing plastic waste recovery and recycling, and curbing the generation of plastic waste. This Body could also assess trade-offs among these solutions and evaluate safer alternatives to current plastics. It could monitor the transnational export of plastic waste. It could coordinate robust oceanic-, land-, and air-based MNP monitoring programs.This Commission recommends urgent investment by national governments in research into solutions to the global plastic crisis. This research will need to determine which solutions are most effective and cost-effective in the context of particular countries and assess the risks and benefits of proposed solutions. Oceanographic and environmental research is needed to better measure concentrations and impacts of plastics <10 µm and understand their distribution and fate in the global environment. Biomedical research is needed to elucidate the human health impacts of plastics, especially MNPs. Summary This Commission finds that plastics are both a boon to humanity and a stealth threat to human and planetary health. Plastics convey enormous benefits, but current linear patterns of plastic production, use, and disposal that pay little attention to sustainable design or safe materials and a near absence of recovery, reuse, and recycling are responsible for grave harms to health, widespread environmental damage, great economic costs, and deep societal injustices. These harms are rapidly worsening.While there remain gaps in knowledge about plastics' harms and uncertainties about their full magnitude, the evidence available today demonstrates unequivocally that these impacts are great and that they will increase in severity in the absence of urgent and effective intervention at global scale. Manufacture and use of essential plastics may continue. However, reckless increases in plastic production, and especially increases in the manufacture of an ever-increasing array of unnecessary single-use plastic products, need to be curbed.Global intervention against the plastic crisis is needed now because the costs of failure to act will be immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Landrigan
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Medical Biology Department, MC
| | - Maureen Cropper
- Economics Department, University of Maryland, College Park, US
| | - Caroline Bald
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Fenichel
- Université Côte d’Azur
- Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Nice, FR
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | | | | | | | - Carly Griffin
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Mark E. Hahn
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, US
| | - Budi Haryanto
- Department of Environmental Health, Universitas Indonesia, ID
- Research Center for Climate Change, Universitas Indonesia, ID
| | - Richard Hixson
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Hannah Ianelli
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Bryan D. James
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Amalia Laborde
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, UY
| | | | - Keith Martin
- Consortium of Universities for Global Health, US
| | - Jenna Mu
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Lead City University, NG
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, US
| | - Sabine Pahl
- University of Vienna, Austria
- University of Plymouth, UK
| | | | - Maria-Luiza Pedrotti
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie de Villefranche sur mer (LOV), Sorbonne Université, FR
| | | | | | - Bhedita Jaya Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
| | | | - John J. Stegeman
- Biology Department and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - William Suk
- Superfund Research Program, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US
| | | | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry (LOG), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, JP
| | | | | | - Zhanyun Wang
- Technology and Society Laboratory, WEmpa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials and Technology, CH
| | - Ella Whitman
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | | | | | - Aroub K. Yousuf
- Global Observatory on Planetary Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, US
| | - Sarah Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, AU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, AU
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Lasdin KS, Arnold M, Agrawal A, Fennie HW, Grorud-Colvert K, Sponaugle S, Aylesworth L, Heppell S, Brander SM. Presence of microplastics and microparticles in Oregon Black Rockfish sampled near marine reserve areas. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14564. [PMID: 36815986 PMCID: PMC9936869 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the spatial distribution of microparticles which include synthetic, semi-synthetic, and anthropogenic particles is critical to understanding their potential negative impacts on species. This is particularly important in the context of microplastics, which are a form of microparticle that are prevalent in the marine environment. To facilitate a better understanding of microparticle occurrence, including microplastics, we sampled subadult and young juvenile Black Rockfish (Sebastes melanops) at multiple Oregon coast sites, and their gastrointestinal tracts were analyzed to identify ingested microparticles. Of the subadult rockfish, one or more microparticles were found in the GI tract of 93.1% of the fish and were present in fish from Newport, and near four of five marine reserves. In the juveniles, 92% of the fish had ingested one or more microparticles from the area of Cape Foulweather, a comparison area, and Otter Rock, a marine reserve. The subadults had an average of 7.31 (average background = 5) microparticles detected, while the juveniles had 4.21 (average background = 1.8). In both the subadult and juvenile fish, approximately 12% of the microparticles were identified as synthetic using micro-Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (micro-FTIR). Fibers were the most prevalent morphology identified, and verified microparticle contamination was a complex mixture of synthetic (∼12% for subadults and juveniles), anthropogenic (∼87% for subadults and 85.5% for juveniles), and natural (e.g., fur) materials (∼0.7% for subadults and ∼2.4% for juveniles). Similarities in exposure types (particle morphology, particle number) across life stages, coupled with statistical differences in exposure levels at several locations for subadult fish, suggest the potential influence of nearshore oceanographic patterns on microparticle distribution. A deeper understanding of the impact microplastics have on an important fishery such as those for S. melanops, will contribute to our ability to accurately assess risk to both wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Lasdin
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Madison Arnold
- Department of Environmental Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Anika Agrawal
- Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - H. William Fennie
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States,Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric and Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA,Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Kirsten Grorud-Colvert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Su Sponaugle
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States,Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | | | - Scott Heppell
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Susanne M. Brander
- Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, United States
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Jiang JJ, Hanun JN, Chen KY, Hassan F, Liu KT, Hung YH, Chang TW. Current levels and composition profiles of microplastics in irrigation water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120858. [PMID: 36521719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Land-based sources have been considered the most important sources of microplastic pollution to the coastal and marine environment. The number of research studies examining microplastic pollution in freshwater and inland water systems is increasing, but most research focuses on rivers, reservoirs, and lakes. This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution, characteristics, sources, and risks of microplastics in irrigation water in Taiwan. The results showed that microplastics were widely and unevenly distributed along the irrigation system and were abundant at sites surrounded by a dense population and sites that received lateral canal and urban runoff input. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 1.88 items/L to 141 items/L, and samples collected in May had the highest microplastic concentrations. Polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene were identified as the predominant polymers. Fibers (36-64%) were the most typical and abundant shape, and 333-1000 μm size (49-63%) and white/transparent (45-51%) were the dominant size and colors among all samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to assess the impact of the rainy season and typhoons and addressed the dramatic changes in distinct population densities. The polymer risk index was calculated to evaluate the environmental risk of microplastics in irrigation water, and the results revealed a high microplastic risk throughout the year except in November and January. This study provided a valuable reference and impetus for a better understanding of the microplastic profile and source apportionment in irrigation water, which was important for environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Jie Jiang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Risk Management (CERM), Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Jihan Nabillah Hanun
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Fahir Hassan
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan; Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Ting Liu
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsieh Hung
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Advanced Environmental Ultra Research Laboratory (ADVENTURE) & Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan
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Dong X, Zhu L, Wu R, Li C, Li D. Is there a significant difference in microbiota between water and microplastic surfaces in winter? The possibility of spreading offshore into the ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159769. [PMID: 36309272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems caused by microplastics (MPs) are attracting global attention. The ecological risks of bacteria attached to MPs have not been studied in detail under low temperature conditions. Here, MPs in surface water were sampled in winter from the Changjiang (or Yangtze) River Estuary. The physical and chemical characteristics of the MPs were identified, and the diversity and species composition of bacteria on the surface water MPs were analyzed. Phenotypic prediction analysis was used to analyze the potential risk of bacteria in the biofilm on the surfaces of MPs. The main chemical composition in the MPs in the surface water were PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PS (polystyrene) and other light weight MPs. Sampling sites played a decisive role in the bacterial species composition. The potential plastic-degrading bacterium Acinetobacter and the potential pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas showed significant differences across different sampling sites. Microbial communities on the surfaces of MPs in winter were not significantly different from planktonic bacteria in the water body. Phenotypic prediction results showed that bacteria on the surface of MPs had a marked capacity to form biofilms, but a low pathogenicity risk. Based on the results of biodiversity analysis and phenotypic prediction, the potential ecological risk of bacteria in biofilms on MP surfaces is lower at low temperatures. In addition, the numerical simulation results show that the possibility of bacteria attached to MPs from the Changjiang River entering the Pacific Ocean in winter is small. MPs attached bacteria in the Changjiang estuary have low ecological risk to the estuary and the Pacific Ocean in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuri Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Region Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, 200241, China
| | - Lixin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Region Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, 200241, China
| | - Ruiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Changjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Region Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, 200241, China
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Plastic Marine Debris Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Region Training and Research Center on Plastic Marine Debris and Microplastics, IOC-UNESCO, 200241, China.
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Fagiano V, Compa M, Alomar C, Rios-Fuster B, Morató M, Capó X, Deudero S. Breaking the paradigm: Marine sediments hold two-fold microplastics than sea surface waters and are dominated by fibers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159722. [PMID: 36309280 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We conducted one of the first studies to integrate the quantification and characterization of microplastics (MPs), including fibers, in different habitats (sea surface, seafloor and beach sediments) of a coastal Mediterranean marine protected area, analyzing their ingestion in several marine species. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the distribution of MPs according to shape and polymer, to assess the contribution of fibers to local plastic pollution and to evaluate their ingestion in fish and invertebrates species that inhabit the study area (Pagrus pagrus, Serranus scriba, Spondyliosoma cantharus, Diplodus vulgaris, Oblada melanura, Holothuria forskalii, Holothuria tubularis, Holothuria polis, Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus, Modiolus barbatus, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Arca noae). A total of 111 environmental samples were analyzed. The mean abundance of MPs (excluding fibers) quantified in beach sediments (13,418.86 ± 28,787.99 MPs/m2) was two orders of magnitude higher than that found in seafloor sediments (76.92 ± 108.84 MPs/m2), which in turn was two orders of magnitude higher than sea surface samples (0.17 ± 0.39 MPs/m2). The fibers were the most abundant shape of MPs identified in all habitats. Variability in MPs ingestion was detected between species, with ingestion rates ranging from 43 % to 100 % for general MPs and ranging from 7 % to 100 % for fibers. The highest ingestion was observed in Holoturians, representing suitable bioindicators for plastic pollution. The composition of the polymer varies weakly depending on habitats and biota, but the result is strongly correlated with the morphology of the plastic. Fibers were mainly composed of cellulose acetate (29 %), styrofoam of polystyrene (18 %), and filaments, films and fragments of polyethylene and polypropylene. The results highlighted the need to expand integrated approaches to effectively study marine plastic pollution and to undertake efficient actions to limit the input of plastics, particularly fibers, into the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fagiano
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain; University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - M Compa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Alomar
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain
| | - B Rios-Fuster
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Morató
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain
| | - X Capó
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain
| | - S Deudero
- Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO, CSIC), Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015 Mallorca, Spain
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Dao CD, Duong LT, Nguyen THT, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen HT, Dang QT, Dao NN, Pham CN, Nguyen CHT, Duong DC, Bui TT, Nguyen BQ. Plastic waste in sandy beaches and surface water in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam: abundance, characterization, and sources. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:255. [PMID: 36592237 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and characterization of marine debris on beaches bring opportunities to track back the anthropogenic activities around shorelines as well as aid in waste management and control. In this study, the three largest beaches in Thanh Hoa (Vietnam) were examined for plastic waste, including macroplastics (≥ 5 mm) on sandy beaches and microplastics (MPs) (< 5 mm) in surface water. Among 3803 items collected on the beaches, plastic waste accounted for more than 98%. The majority of the plastic wastes found on these beaches were derived from fishing boats and food preservation foam packaging. The FT-IR data indicated that the macroplastics comprised 77% polystyrene, 17% polypropylene, and 6% high-density polyethylene, while MPs discovered in surface water included other forms of plastics such as polyethylene- acrylate, styrene/butadiene rubber gasket, ethylene/propylene copolymer, and zein purified. FT-IR data demonstrated that MPs might also be originated from automobile tire wear, the air, and skincare products, besides being degraded from macroplastics. The highest abundance of MPs was 44.1 items/m3 at Hai Tien beach, while the lowest was 15.5 items/m3 at Sam Son beach. The results showed that fragment form was the most frequent MP shape, accounting for 61.4 ± 14.3% of total MPs. MPs with a diameter smaller than 500 μm accounted for 70.2 ± 7.6% of all MPs. According to our research, MPs were transformed, transported, and accumulated due to anthropogenic activities and environmental processes. This study provided a comprehensive knowledge of plastic waste, essential in devising long-term development strategies in these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cham Dinh Dao
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Lim Thi Duong
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Huong Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Hue Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Quan Tran Dang
- Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nhiem Ngoc Dao
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chuc Ngoc Pham
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chi Ha Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dien Cong Duong
- Institute of Mechanics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thu Thi Bui
- Faculty of Environment, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Bac Quang Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
- Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
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50
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Masud RI, Suman KH, Tasnim S, Begum MS, Sikder MH, Uddin MJ, Haque MN. A review on enhanced microplastics derived from biomedical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic with its toxicity, health risks, and biomarkers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114434. [PMID: 36209789 PMCID: PMC9536876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the explosion of biomedical waste, a global challenge to public health and the environment. Biomedical waste comprising plastic can convert into microplastics (MPs, < 5 mm) by sunlight, wave, oxidative and thermal processes, and biodegradation. MPs with additives and contaminants such as metals are also hazardous to many aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including humans. Bioaccumulation of MPs in organisms often transfers across the trophic level in the global food web. Thus, this article aims to provide a literature review on the source, quantity, and fate of biomedical waste, along with the recent surge of MPs and their adverse impact on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. MPs intake (ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact) in humans causing various chronic diseases involving multiple organs in digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems are surveyed, which have been reviewed barely. There is an urgent need to control and manage biomedical waste to shrink MPs pollution for reducing environmental and human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Ibne Masud
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrul Hassan Suman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh; Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shadia Tasnim
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Most Shirina Begum
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Niamul Haque
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh; Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences & Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
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