1
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Guo J, Zia A, Qiu Q, Norton M, Qiu K, Usuba J, Liu Z, Yi M, Rich-New ST, Hagan M, Fraden S, Han GD, Diao J, Wang F, Xu B. Cell-Free Nonequilibrium Assembly for Hierarchical Protein/Peptide Nanopillars. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39255453 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Cells contain intricate protein nanostructures, but replicating them outside of cells presents challenges. One such example is the vertical fibronectin pillars observed in embryos. Here, we demonstrate the creation of cell-free vertical fibronectin pillar mimics using nonequilibrium self-assembly. Our approach utilizes enzyme-responsive phosphopeptides that assemble into nanotubes. Enzyme action triggers shape changes in peptide assemblies, driving the vertical growth of protein nanopillars into bundles. These bundles, with peptide nanotubes serving as a template to remodel fibronectin, can then recruit collagen, which forms aggregates or bundles depending on their types. Nanopillar formation relies on enzyme-catalyzed nonequilibrium self-assembly and is governed by the concentrations of enzyme, protein, peptide, the structure of the peptide, and peptide assembly morphologies. Cryo-EM reveals unexpected nanotube thinning and packing after dephosphorylation, indicating a complex sculpting process during assembly. Our study demonstrates a cell-free method for constructing intricate, multiprotein nanostructures with directionality and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Ayisha Zia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Qianfeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Michael Norton
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Chemical Imaging in Biomedicine, Advanced Cell Analysis Service Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Junichi Usuba
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Shane T Rich-New
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Michael Hagan
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Seth Fraden
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Grace D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Center for Chemical Imaging in Biomedicine, Advanced Cell Analysis Service Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South St., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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2
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Ahn S, Jain A, Kasuba KC, Seimiya M, Okamoto R, Treutlein B, Müller DJ. Engineering fibronectin-templated multi-component fibrillar extracellular matrices to modulate tissue-specific cell response. Biomaterials 2024; 308:122560. [PMID: 38603826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cells assemble fibronectin, the major extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, into fibrillar matrices, which serve as 3D architectural scaffolds to provide, together with other ECM proteins tissue-specific environments. Although recent approaches enable to bioengineer 3D fibrillar fibronectin matrices in vitro, it remains elusive how fibronectin can be co-assembled with other ECM proteins into complex 3D fibrillar matrices that recapitulate tissue-specific compositions and cellular responses. Here, we introduce the engineering of fibrillar fibronectin-templated 3D matrices that can be complemented with other ECM proteins, including vitronectin, collagen, and laminin to resemble ECM architectures observed in vivo. For the co-assembly of different ECM proteins, we employed their innate fibrillogenic mechanisms including shear forces, pH-dependent electrostatic interactions, or specific binding domains. Through recapitulating various tissue-specific ECM compositions and morphologies, the large scale multi-composite 3D fibrillar ECM matrices can guide fibroblast adhesion, 3D fibroblast tissue formation, or tissue morphogenesis of epithelial cells. In other examples, we customize multi-composite 3D fibrillar matrices to support the growth of signal propagating neuronal networks and of human brain organoids. We envision that these 3D fibrillar ECM matrices can be tailored in scale and composition to modulate tissue-specific responses across various biological length scales and systems, and thus to advance manyfold studies of cell biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkuk Ahn
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Akanksha Jain
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Kasuba
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Makiko Seimiya
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ryoko Okamoto
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Selcuk K, Leitner A, Braun L, Le Blanc F, Pacak P, Pot S, Vogel V. Transglutaminase 2 has higher affinity for relaxed than for stretched fibronectin fibers. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:113-132. [PMID: 38135164 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a vital role in stabilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through enzymatic crosslinking during tissue growth, repair, and inflammation. TG2 also binds non-covalently to fibronectin (FN), an essential component of the ECM, facilitating cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. However, the interaction between TG2 and fibrillar FN remains poorly understood, as most studies have focused on soluble or surface-adsorbed FN or FN fragments, which differ in their conformations from insoluble FN fibers. Using a well-established in vitro FN fiber stretch assay, we discovered that the binding of a crosslinking enzyme to ECM fibers is mechano-regulated. TG2 binding to FN is tuned by the mechanical tension of FN fibers, whereby TG2 predominantly co-localizes to low-tension FN fibers, while fiber stretching reduces their affinity for TG2. This mechano-regulated binding relies on the proximity between the N-terminal β-sandwich and C-terminal β-barrels of TG2. Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) revealed a novel TG2-FN synergy site within TG2's C-terminal β-barrels that interacts with FN regions located outside of the canonical gelatin binding domain, specifically FNI2 and FNIII14-15. Combining XL-MS distance restraints with molecular docking revealed the mechano-regulated binding mechanism between TG2 and modules FNI7-9 by which mechanical forces regulate TG2-FN interactions. This highlights a previously unrecognized role of TG2 as a tension sensor for FN fibers. This novel interaction mechanism has significant implications in physiology and mechanobiology, including how forces regulate cell adhesion, spreading, migration, phenotype modulation, depending on the tensional state of ECM fibers. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD043976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Selcuk
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Leitner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Braun
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Le Blanc
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Pacak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Pot
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 37-39 GLC G11, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Ahn S, Sharma U, Kasuba KC, Strohmeyer N, Müller DJ. Engineered Biomimetic Fibrillar Fibronectin Matrices Regulate Cell Adhesion Initiation, Migration, and Proliferation via α5β1 Integrin and Syndecan-4 Crosstalk. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300812. [PMID: 37357136 PMCID: PMC10460904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Cells regulate adhesion to the fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) of which fibronectin is an essential component. However, most studies characterize cell adhesion to globular fibronectin substrates at time scales long after cells polarize and migrate. To overcome this limitation, a simple and scalable method to engineer biomimetic 3D fibrillar fibronectin matrices is introduced and how they are sensed by fibroblasts from the onset of attachment is characterized. Compared to globular fibronectin substrates, fibroblasts accelerate adhesion initiation and strengthening within seconds to fibrillar fibronectin matrices via α5β1 integrin and syndecan-4. This regulation, which additionally accelerates on stiffened fibrillar matrices, involves actin polymerization, actomyosin contraction, and the cytoplasmic proteins paxillin, focal adhesion kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Furthermore, this immediate sensing and adhesion of fibroblast to fibrillar fibronectin guides migration speed, persistency, and proliferation range from hours to weeks. The findings highlight that fibrillar fibronectin matrices, compared to widely-used globular fibronectin, trigger short- and long-term cell decisions very differently and urge the use of such matrices to better understand in vivo interactions of cells and ECMs. The engineered fibronectin matrices, which can be printed onto non-biological surfaces without loss of function, open avenues for various cell biological, tissue engineering and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkuk Ahn
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichBasel4058Switzerland
| | - Upnishad Sharma
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichBasel4058Switzerland
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Kasuba
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichBasel4058Switzerland
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichBasel4058Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringEidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichBasel4058Switzerland
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5
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Ke R, Kucukal E, Gurkan UA, Li B. Characterization of fibronectin properties by integrated micro-fluidic experiments and fluid-structure interaction simulations. J Biomech 2023; 150:111505. [PMID: 36867952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) has been observed to assemble in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of cell culture and stretch in response to the external force. The alteration of molecule domain functions generally follows the extension of Fn. Several researchers have investigated fibronectin extensively in molecular architecture and conformation structure. However, the bulk material behavior of the Fn in the ECM has not been fully depicted at the cell scale, and many studies have ignored physiological conditions. Conversely, microfluidic techniques that explore cellular properties based on cell deformation and adhesion have emerged as a powerful and effective platform to study cell rheological transformation in a physiological environment. However, directly quantifying properties from microfluidic measurements remains a challenge. Therefore, it is an efficient way to combine experimental measurements with a robust and reliable numerical framework to calibrate the mechanical stress distribution in the test sample. In this paper, we present a monolithic Lagrangian fluid-structure interaction (FSI) approach within the Optimal Transportation Meshfree (OTM) framework that enables the investigation of the adherent Red Blood Cell (RBC) interacting with fluid and overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional computational tools such as the mesh entanglement and interface tracking, etc. This study aims to assess the material properties of the RBC and Fn fiber by calibrating the numerical predictions to experimental measurements. Moreover, a physical-based constitutive model will be proposed to describe the bulk behavior of the Fn fiber inflow, and the rate-dependent deformation and separation of the Fn fiber will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Ke
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve, University, Cleveland, 44106 OH, USA
| | - Erdem Kucukal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve, University, Cleveland, 44106 OH, USA
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve, University, Cleveland, 44106 OH, USA
| | - Bo Li
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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6
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He J, Steffen JH, Thulstrup PW, Pedersen JN, Sauerland MB, Otzen DE, Hawkins CL, Gourdon P, Davies MJ, Hägglund P. Anastellin impacts on the processing of extracellular matrix fibronectin and stimulates release of cytokines from coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22051. [PMID: 36543832 PMCID: PMC9772232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastellin, a recombinant protein fragment from the first type III module of fibronectin, mimics a partially unfolded intermediate implicated in the assembly of fibronectin fibrils. Anastellin influences the structure of fibronectin and initiates in vitro fibrillation, yielding "superfibronectin", a polymer with enhanced cell-adhesive properties. This ability is absent in an anastellin double mutant, L37AY40A. Here we demonstrate that both wild-type and L37AY40A anastellin affect fibronectin processing within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of smooth muscle cells. Fibronectin fibrils are diminished in the ECM from cells treated with anastellin, but are partially rescued by supplementation with plasma fibronectin in cell media. Proteomic analyses reveal that anastellin also impacts on the processing of other ECM proteins, with increased collagen and decreased laminin detected in media from cells exposed to wild-type anastellin. Moreover, both anastellin forms stimulate release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6. At the molecular level, L37AY40A does not exhibit major perturbations of structural features relative to wild-type anastellin, though the mutant showed differences in heparin binding characteristics. These findings indicate that wild-type and L37AY40A anastellin share similar molecular features but elicit slightly different, but partially overlapping, responses in smooth muscle cells resulting in altered secretion of cytokines and proteins involved in ECM processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei He
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Hyld Steffen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.432104.0Present Address: Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Sønderupvej 26, 6920 Videbæk, Denmark
| | - Max B. Sauerland
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clare L. Hawkins
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael J. Davies
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Casanellas I, Lagunas A, Vida Y, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Rodríguez-Pereira C, Magalhaes J, Andrades JA, Becerra J, Samitier J. Nanoscale ligand density modulates gap junction intercellular communication of cell condensates during chondrogenesis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:775-791. [PMID: 35642556 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To unveil the influence of cell-matrix adhesions in the establishment of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) during cell condensation in chondrogenesis. Materials & methods: Previously developed nanopatterns of the cell adhesive ligand arginine-glycine-aspartic acid were used as cell culture substrates to control cell adhesion at the nanoscale. In vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells was conducted on the nanopatterns. Cohesion and GJIC were evaluated in cell condensates. Results: Mechanical stability and GJIC are enhanced by a nanopattern configuration in which 90% of the surface area presents adhesion sites separated less than 70 nm, thus providing an onset for cell signaling. Conclusion: Cell-matrix adhesions regulate GJIC of mesenchymal cell condensates during in vitro chondrogenesis from a threshold configuration at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Casanellas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Electronics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB). c/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Dpto. Química Orgánica. Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pereira
- Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC). c/Xubias de Arriba, 84, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Unidad de Medicina Regenerativa, Grupo de Investigación en Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC). c/Xubias de Arriba, 84, A Coruña, 15006, Spain
| | - José A Andrades
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics & Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). Av. Cervantes, 2, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - José Becerra
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND. Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, c/Severo Ochoa 35, C,ampanillas, Málaga, 29590, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Genetics & Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). Av. Cervantes, 2, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science &Technology (BIST). c/Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Department of Electronics & Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB). c/Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering,Biomaterials & Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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8
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Dalton CJ, Lemmon CA. Fibronectin: Molecular Structure, Fibrillar Structure and Mechanochemical Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:2443. [PMID: 34572092 PMCID: PMC8471655 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role as both structural scaffold and regulator of cell signal transduction in tissues. In times of ECM assembly and turnover, cells upregulate assembly of the ECM protein, fibronectin (FN). FN is assembled by cells into viscoelastic fibrils that can bind upward of 40 distinct growth factors and cytokines. These fibrils play a key role in assembling a provisional ECM during embryonic development and wound healing. Fibril assembly is also often upregulated during disease states, including cancer and fibrotic diseases. FN fibrils have unique mechanical properties, which allow them to alter mechanotransduction signals sensed and relayed by cells. Binding of soluble growth factors to FN fibrils alters signal transduction from these proteins, while binding of other ECM proteins, including collagens, elastins, and proteoglycans, to FN fibrils facilitates the maturation and tissue specificity of the ECM. In this review, we will discuss the assembly of FN fibrils from individual FN molecules; the composition, structure, and mechanics of FN fibrils; the interaction of FN fibrils with other ECM proteins and growth factors; the role of FN in transmitting mechanobiology signaling events; and approaches for studying the mechanics of FN fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 W. Main St., Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
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9
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Weinberg SH, Saini N, Lemmon CA. Effects of substrate stiffness and actin velocity on in silico fibronectin fibril morphometry and mechanics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248256. [PMID: 34106923 PMCID: PMC8189481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (FN) into insoluble, viscoelastic fibrils is a critical step during embryonic development and wound healing; misregulation of FN fibril assembly has been implicated in many diseases, including fibrotic diseases and cancer. We have previously developed a computational model of FN fibril assembly that recapitulates the morphometry and mechanics of cell-derived FN fibrils. Here we use this model to probe two important questions: how is FN fibril formation affected by the contractile phenotype of the cell, and how is FN fibril formation affected by the stiffness of the surrounding tissue? We show that FN fibril formation depends strongly on the contractile phenotype of the cell, but only weakly on in vitro substrate stiffness, which is an analog for in vivo tissue stiffness. These results are consistent with previous experimental data and provide a better insight into conditions that promote FN fibril assembly. We have also investigated two distinct phenotypes of FN fibrils that we have previously identified; we show that the ratio of the two phenotypes depends on both substrate stiffness and contractile phenotype, with intermediate contractility and high substrate stiffness creating an optimal condition for stably stretched fibrils. Finally, we have investigated how re-stretch of a fibril affects cellular response. We probed how the contractile phenotype of the re-stretching cell affects the mechanics of the fibril; results indicate that the number of myosin motors only weakly affects the cellular response, but increasing actin velocity results in a decrease in the apparent stiffness of the fibril and a decrease in the stably-applied force to the fibril. Taken together, these results give novel insights into the combinatorial effects of substrate stiffness and cell contractility on FN fibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth H. Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAL); (SHW)
| | - Navpreet Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CAL); (SHW)
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10
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Liu L, He F, Yu Y, Wang Y. Application of FRET Biosensors in Mechanobiology and Mechanopharmacological Screening. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:595497. [PMID: 33240867 PMCID: PMC7680962 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.595497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive studies have shown that cells can sense and modulate the biomechanical properties of the ECM within their resident microenvironment. Thus, targeting the mechanotransduction signaling pathways provides a promising way for disease intervention. However, how cells perceive these mechanical cues of the microenvironment and transduce them into biochemical signals remains to be answered. Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based biosensors are a powerful tool that can be used in live-cell mechanotransduction imaging and mechanopharmacological drug screening. In this review, we will first introduce FRET principle and FRET biosensors, and then, recent advances on the integration of FRET biosensors and mechanobiology in normal and pathophysiological conditions will be discussed. Furthermore, we will summarize the current applications and limitations of FRET biosensors in high-throughput drug screening and the future improvement of FRET biosensors. In summary, FRET biosensors have provided a powerful tool for mechanobiology studies to advance our understanding of how cells and matrices interact, and the mechanopharmacological screening for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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11
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The Janus Role of Adhesion in Chondrogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155269. [PMID: 32722300 PMCID: PMC7432906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tackling the first stages of the chondrogenic commitment is essential to drive chondrogenic differentiation to healthy hyaline cartilage and minimize hypertrophy. During chondrogenesis, the extracellular matrix continuously evolves, adapting to the tissue adhesive requirements at each stage. Here, we take advantage of previously developed nanopatterns, in which local surface adhesiveness can be precisely tuned, to investigate its effects on prechondrogenic condensation. Fluorescence live cell imaging, immunostaining, confocal microscopy and PCR analysis are used to follow the condensation process on the nanopatterns. Cell tracking parameters, condensate morphology, cell-cell interactions, mechanotransduction and chondrogenic commitment are evaluated in response to local surface adhesiveness. Results show that only condensates on the nanopatterns of high local surface adhesiveness are stable in culture and able to enter the chondrogenic pathway, thus highlighting the importance of controlling cell-substrate adhesion in the tissue engineering strategies for cartilage repair.
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12
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Taki M, Yamashita T, Yatabe K, Vogel V. Mechano-chromic protein-polymer hybrid hydrogel to visualize mechanical strain. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9388-9393. [PMID: 31609367 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00380k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In a proof-of-concept study, a mechano-chromic hydrogel was synthesized here, via chemoenzymatic click conjugation of fluorophore-labeled fibronectin into a synthetic hydrogel co-polymers (i.e., poly-N-isopropylacrylamide/polyethylene glycol). The optical FRET response could be tuned by macroscopic stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Taki
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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Graham J, Raghunath M, Vogel V. Fibrillar fibronectin plays a key role as nucleator of collagen I polymerization during macromolecular crowding-enhanced matrix assembly. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4519-4535. [PMID: 31436263 PMCID: PMC6810780 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00868c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular crowding is used by tissue engineers to accelerate extracellular matrix assembly in vitro, however, most mechanistic studies focus on the impact of crowding on collagen fiber assembly and largely ignore the highly abundant provisional matrix protein fibronectin. We show that the accelerated collagen I assembly as induced by the neutral crowding molecule Ficoll is regulated by cell access to fibronectin. Ficoll treatment leads to significant increases in the amount of surface adherent fibronectin, which can readily be harvested by cells to speed up fibrillogenesis. FRET studies reveal that Ficoll crowding also upregulates the total amount of fibronectin fibers in a low-tension state through upregulating fibronectin assembly. Since un-stretched fibronectin fibers have more collagen binding sites to nucleate the onset of collagen fibrillogenesis, our data suggest that the Ficoll-induced upregulation of low-tension fibronectin fibers contributes to enhanced collagen assembly in crowded conditions. In contrast, chemical cross-linking of fibronectin to the glass substrate prior to cell seeding prevents early force mediated fibronectin harvesting from the substrate and suppresses upregulation of collagen I assembly in the presence of Ficoll, even though the crowded environment is known to drive enzymatic cleavage of procollagen and collagen fiber formation. To show that our findings can be exploited for tissue engineering applications, we demonstrate that the addition of supplemental fibronectin in the form of an adsorbed coating markedly improves the speed of tissue formation under crowding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Graham
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Raghunath
- ZHAW School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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14
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Jordahl S, Solorio L, Neale DB, McDermott S, Jordahl JH, Fox A, Dunlay C, Xiao A, Brown M, Wicha M, Luker GD, Lahann J. Engineered Fibrillar Fibronectin Networks as Three-Dimensional Tissue Scaffolds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904580. [PMID: 31565823 PMCID: PMC6851443 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and most prominently, fibronectin (Fn), are routinely used in the form of adsorbed pre-coatings in an attempt to create a cell-supporting environment in both two- and three-dimensional cell culture systems. However, these protein coatings are typically deposited in a form which is structurally and functionally distinct from the ECM-constituting fibrillar protein networks naturally deposited by cells. Here, the cell-free and scalable synthesis of freely suspended and mechanically robust three-dimensional (3D) networks of fibrillar fibronectin (fFn) supported by tessellated polymer scaffolds is reported. Hydrodynamically induced Fn fibrillogenesis at the three-phase contact line between air, an Fn solution, and a tessellated scaffold microstructure yields extended protein networks. Importantly, engineered fFn networks promote cell invasion and proliferation, enable in vitro expansion of primary cancer cells, and induce an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells. Engineered fFn networks support the formation of multicellular cancer structures cells from plural effusions of cancer patients. With further work, engineered fFn networks can have a transformative impact on fundamental cell studies, precision medicine, pharmaceutical testing, and pre-clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Jordahl
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dylan B Neale
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sean McDermott
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob H Jordahl
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alexandra Fox
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Dunlay
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Annie Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Martha Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Dr SPC 5916, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Max Wicha
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, Departments of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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15
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Han P, Frith JE, Gomez GA, Yap AS, O'Neill GM, Cooper-White JJ. Five Piconewtons: The Difference between Osteogenic and Adipogenic Fate Choice in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11129-11143. [PMID: 31580055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of mesenchymal stem cells to sense nanoscale variations in extracellular matrix (ECM) compositions in their local microenvironment is crucial to their survival and their fate; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms defining how such fates are temporally modulated remain poorly understood. In this work, we have utilized self-assembled block copolymer surfaces to present nanodomains of an adhesive peptide found in many ECM proteins at different lateral spacings (from 30 to 60 nm) and studied the temporal response (2 h to 14 days) of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using a panel of real-time localization and activity biosensors. Our findings revealed that within the first 4 to 24 h postadhesion and spreading, hMSCs on smaller nanodomain spacings recruit more activated FAK and Src proteins to produce larger, longer-lived, and increased numbers of focal adhesions (FAs). The adhesions formed on smaller nanospacings rapidly recruit higher amounts of nonmuscle myosin IIA and vinculin and experience tension forces (by >5 pN/FA) significantly higher than those observed on larger nanodomain spacings. The transmission of higher levels of tension into the cytoskeleton at short times was accompanied by higher Rac1, cytosolic β-catenin, and nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ and RUNX2, which together biased the commitment of hMSCs to an osteogenic fate. This investigation provides mechanistic insights to confirm that smaller lateral spacings of adhesive nanodomains alter hMSC mechanosensing and biases mechanotransduction at short times via differential coupling of FAK/Src/Rac1/myosin IIA/YAP/TAZ signaling pathways to support longer-term changes in stem cell differentiation and state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Han
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- The UQ Centre in Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering (StemCARE), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering , Monash University , Melbourne , VIC 3168 , Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology , South Australia Pathology and The University of South Australia , Adelaide , SA 5001 , Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
| | - Geraldine M O'Neill
- Kids Research Institute , Children's Hospital at Westmead , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Tissue Engineering and Microfluidics Laboratory (TE&M), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- The UQ Centre in Stem Cell Ageing and Regenerative Engineering (StemCARE), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Manufacturing , Melbourne , Clayton, VIC 3168 , Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , St. Lucia, QLD 4067 , Australia
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16
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Abstract
Cells need to be anchored to extracellular matrix (ECM) to survive, yet the role of ECM in guiding developmental processes, tissue homeostasis, and aging has long been underestimated. How ECM orchestrates the deterioration of healthy to pathological tissues, including fibrosis and cancer, also remains poorly understood. Inquiring how alterations in ECM fiber tension might drive these processes is timely, as mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field, and many novel mechanisms behind the mechanical forces that can regulate protein, cell, and tissue functions have recently been deciphered. The goal of this article is to review how forces can switch protein functions, and thus cell signaling, and thereby inspire new approaches to exploit the mechanobiology of ECM in regenerative medicine as well as for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Some of the mechanochemical switching concepts described here for ECM proteins are more general and apply to intracellular proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland;
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17
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Hoffmann GA, Wong JY, Smith ML. On Force and Form: Mechano-Biochemical Regulation of Extracellular Matrix. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4710-4720. [PMID: 31144496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is well-known for its structural role in supporting cells and tissues, and its important biochemical role in providing signals to cells has increasingly become apparent. These structural and biochemical roles are closely coupled through mechanical forces: the biochemistry of the extracellular matrix determines its mechanical properties, mechanical forces control release or display of biochemical signals from the extracellular matrix, and the mechanical properties of the matrix in turn influence the mechanical set point at which signals are sent. In this Perspective, we explain how the extracellular matrix is regulated by strain and mechanical forces. We show the impact of biochemistry and mechanical forces on in vivo assembly of extracellular matrix and illustrate how matrix can be generated in vitro using a variety of methods. We cover how the matrix can be characterized in terms of mechanics, composition, and conformation to determine its properties and to predict interactions. Finally, we explore how extracellular matrix remodeling, ligand binding, and hemostasis are regulated by mechanical forces. These recently discovered mechano-biochemical interactions have important functions in wound healing and disease progression. It is likely that mechanically altered extracellular matrix interactions are a commonly recurring theme, but due to limited tools to generate extracellular matrix fibers in vitro and lack of high-throughput methods to detect these interactions, it is hypothesized that many of these interactions have yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Joyce Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Michael L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Boston University , 44 Cummington Mall , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
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18
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Hao R, Du X, Yang C, Deng Y, Zheng Z, Wang Q. Integrated application of transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into unsynchronized growth in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:46-56. [PMID: 30784822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other marine bivalves, Pinctada fucata martensii presents unsynchronized growth, which is one of the problems farmers currently face. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. In the present study, pearl oyster P. f. martensii from cultured stocks were selected to produce a progeny stock. At 180 days, the stock was sorted by size, and fast- and slow-growing individuals were separately sampled. Then, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches were applied to assess the metabolic and transcript changes between the fast- and slow-growing P. f. martensii groups and understand the mechanism underlying their unsynchronized growth. In the metabolomics assay, 30 metabolites were considered significantly different metabolites (SDMs) between the fast- and slow-growing groups and pathway analysis indicated that these SDMs were involved in 20 pathways, including glutathione metabolism; sulfur metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; and tryptophan metabolism. The transcriptome analysis of different growth groups showed 168 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were involved in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, pentose phosphate pathway, aromatic compound degradation. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that fast-growing individuals exhibited higher biomineralization activity than the slow-growing group, which consumed more energy than the fast-growing group in response to environmental stress. Fast-growing group also exhibited higher digestion, anabolic ability, and osmotic regulation ability than the slow-growing group. This study is the first work involving the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify the key pathways to understand the molecular and metabolic mechanisms underlying unsynchronized bivalve growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Hao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chuangye Yang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Qingheng Wang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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19
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Bradshaw MJ, Hoffmann GA, Wong JY, Smith ML. Fibronectin fiber creep under constant force loading. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:78-85. [PMID: 30780000 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viscoelasticity is a fundamental property of virtually all biological materials, and proteinaceous, fibrous materials that constitute the extracellular matrix (ECM) are no exception. Viscoelasticity may be particularly important in the ECM since cells can apply mechanical stress resulting from cell contractility over very long periods of time. However, measurements of ECM fiber response to long-term constant force loading are scarce, despite the increasing recognition that mechanical strain regulates the biological function of some ECM fibers. We developed a dual micropipette system that applies constant force to single fibers for up to 8 h. We utilized this system to study the time dependent response of fibronectin (Fn) fibers to constant force, as Fn fibers exhibit tremendous extensibility before mechanical failure as well as strain dependent alterations in biological properties. These data demonstrate the Fn fibers continue to stretch under constant force loading for at least 8 h and that this long-term creep results in plastic deformation of Fn fibers, in contrast to elastic deformation of Fn fibers under short-term, but fast loading rate extension. These data demonstrate that physiologically-relevant loading may impart mechanical features to Fn fibers by switching them into an extended state that may have altered biological functions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Measurements of extracellular matrix (ECM) fiber response to constant force loading are scarce, so we developed a novel technique for applying constant force to single ECM fibers. We used this technique to measure constant force creep of fibronectin fibers since these fibers have been shown to be mechanotransducers whose functions can be altered by mechanical strain. We found that fibronectin fibers creep under constant force loading for the duration of the experiment and that this creep behavior resembles a power law. Furthermore, we found that constant force creep results in plastic deformation of the fibers, which suggests that the mechanobiological switching of fibronectin can only occur once after long-term loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Bradshaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Gwendolyn A Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Joyce Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Michael L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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20
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Mezzenga R, Mitsi M. The Molecular Dance of Fibronectin: Conformational Flexibility Leads to Functional Versatility. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:55-72. [PMID: 30403862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin, a large multimodular protein and one of the major fibrillar components of the extracellular matrix, has been the subject of study for many decades and plays critical roles in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, fibronectin has been implicated in the pathology of many diseases, including cancer, and abnormal depositions of fibronectin have been identified in a number of amyloid and nonamyloid lesions. The ability of fibronectin to carry all these diverse functionalities depends on interactions with a large number of molecules, including adhesive and signaling cell surface receptors, other components of the extracellular matrix, and growth factors and cytokines. The regulation and integration of such large number of interactions depends on the modular architecture of fibronectin, which allows a large number of conformations, exposing or destroying different binding sites. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the conformational flexibility of fibronectin, with an emphasis on how it regulates the ability of fibronectin to interact with various signaling molecules and cell-surface receptors and to form supramolecular assemblies and fibrillar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Mezzenga
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials , ETH Zurich , 8092 Zurich , Switzerland
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21
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Chantre CO, Campbell PH, Golecki HM, Buganza AT, Capulli AK, Deravi LF, Dauth S, Sheehy SP, Paten JA, Gledhill K, Doucet YS, Abaci HE, Ahn S, Pope BD, Ruberti JW, Hoerstrup SP, Christiano AM, Parker KK. Production-scale fibronectin nanofibers promote wound closure and tissue repair in a dermal mouse model. Biomaterials 2018; 166:96-108. [PMID: 29549768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wounds in the fetus can heal without scarring. Consequently, biomaterials that attempt to recapitulate the biophysical and biochemical properties of fetal skin have emerged as promising pro-regenerative strategies. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (Fn) in particular is believed to play a crucial role in directing this regenerative phenotype. Accordingly, Fn has been implicated in numerous wound healing studies, yet remains untested in its fibrillar conformation as found in fetal skin. Here, we show that high extensional (∼1.2 ×105 s-1) and shear (∼3 ×105 s-1) strain rates in rotary jet spinning (RJS) can drive high throughput Fn fibrillogenesis (∼10 mL/min), thus producing nanofiber scaffolds that are used to effectively enhance wound healing. When tested on a full-thickness wound mouse model, Fn nanofiber dressings not only accelerated wound closure, but also significantly improved tissue restoration, recovering dermal and epidermal structures as well as skin appendages and adipose tissue. Together, these results suggest that bioprotein nanofiber fabrication via RJS could set a new paradigm for enhancing wound healing and may thus find use in a variety of regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe O Chantre
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, ZH, Switzerland
| | - Patrick H Campbell
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Holly M Golecki
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adrian T Buganza
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IL, USA
| | - Andrew K Capulli
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leila F Deravi
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Dauth
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Paten
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, UK
| | - Karl Gledhill
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanne S Doucet
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan E Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seungkuk Ahn
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Ruberti
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, UK
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, ZH, Switzerland
| | | | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Casanellas I, Lagunas A, Tsintzou I, Vida Y, Collado D, Pérez-Inestrosa E, Rodríguez-Pereira C, Magalhaes J, Gorostiza P, Andrades JA, Becerra J, Samitier J. Dendrimer-based Uneven Nanopatterns to Locally Control Surface Adhesiveness: A Method to Direct Chondrogenic Differentiation. J Vis Exp 2018:56347. [PMID: 29443025 PMCID: PMC5908668 DOI: 10.3791/56347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adhesion and differentiation is conditioned by the nanoscale disposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, with local concentrations having a major effect. Here we present a method to obtain large-scale uneven nanopatterns of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-functionalized dendrimers that permit the nanoscale control of local RGD surface density. Nanopatterns are formed by surface adsorption of dendrimers from solutions at different initial concentrations and are characterized by water contact angle (CA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning probe microscopy techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The local surface density of RGD is measured using AFM images by means of probability contour maps of minimum interparticle distances and then correlated with cell adhesion response and differentiation. The nanopatterning method presented here is a simple procedure that can be scaled up in a straightforward manner to large surface areas. It is thus fully compatible with cell culture protocols and can be applied to other ligands that exert concentration-dependent effects on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Casanellas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Department of Engineering Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB)
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST);
| | - Iro Tsintzou
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Instituto de Investigacin Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Daniel Collado
- Instituto de Investigacin Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa
- Instituto de Investigacin Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Pereira
- Unidad de Bioingeniería Tisular y Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC), Grupo de Reumatolog ía, Instituto de Investigación Biomèdica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Joana Magalhaes
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Unidad de Bioingeniería Tisular y Terapia Celular (GBTTC-CHUAC), Grupo de Reumatolog ía, Instituto de Investigación Biomèdica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC)
| | - Pau Gorostiza
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)
| | - José A Andrades
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER)
| | - José Becerra
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Universidad de Málaga (UMA); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER); Department of Engineering Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB)
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Ortiz Franyuti D, Mitsi M, Vogel V. Mechanical Stretching of Fibronectin Fibers Upregulates Binding of Interleukin-7. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:15-25. [PMID: 28845674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since evidence is rising that extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers might serve as reservoirs for growth factors and cytokines, we investigated the interaction between fibronectin (FN) and interleukin-7 (IL-7), a cytokine of immunological significance and a target of several immunotherapies. By employing a FN fiber stretch assay and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) confocal microscopy, we found that stretching of FN fibers increased IL-7 binding. We localized the FN binding site on the CD loop of IL-7, since a synthetic CD loop peptide also bound stronger to stretched than to relaxed FN fibers. On the basis of a structural model, we propose that the CD loop can bind to FN, while IL-7 is bound to its cognate cell surface receptors. Sequence alignment with bacterial adhesins, which also bind the FN N-terminus, suggests that a conserved motif on the CD loop (110TKSLEEN116 and the truncated 112SLEE115 in human and mouse IL-7, respectively) might bind to the second FN type I module (FnI2) and that additional epitopes enhance the stretch-upregulated binding. FN fiber stretching might thus serve as a mechano-regulated mechanism to locally concentrate IL-7 in an ECM-bound state, thereby upregulating the potency of IL-7 signaling. A feedback model mechanism is proposed that could explain the well-known, but poorly understood, function of IL-7 in ECM homeostasis. Understanding how local IL-7 availability and signaling might be modulated by the tensional state of the ECM niche, which is adjusted by residing stroma cells, is highly relevant for basic science but also for advancing IL-7 based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ortiz Franyuti
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department for Health Sciences and Technology (D-HEST), ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, HCI F443 CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Kim MH, Kino-oka M. Bioprocessing Strategies for Pluripotent Stem Cells Based on Waddington’s Epigenetic Landscape. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:89-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Kollmannsberger P, Bidan CM, Dunlop JWC, Fratzl P, Vogel V. Tensile forces drive a reversible fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition during tissue growth in engineered clefts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao4881. [PMID: 29349300 PMCID: PMC5771696 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts orchestrate wound healing processes, and if they remain activated, they drive disease progression such as fibrosis and cancer. Besides growth factor signaling, the local extracellular matrix (ECM) and its mechanical properties are central regulators of these processes. It remains unknown whether transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tensile forces work synergistically in up-regulating the transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and whether myofibroblasts undergo apoptosis or become deactivated by other means once tissue homeostasis is reached. We used three-dimensional microtissues grown in vitro from fibroblasts in macroscopically engineered clefts for several weeks and found that fibroblasts transitioned into myofibroblasts at the highly tensed growth front as the microtissue progressively closed the cleft, in analogy to closing a wound site. Proliferation was up-regulated at the growth front, and new highly stretched fibronectin fibers were deposited, as revealed by fibronectin fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes. As the tissue was growing, the ECM underneath matured into a collagen-rich tissue containing mostly fibroblasts instead of myofibroblasts, and the fibronectin fibers were under reduced tension. This correlated with a progressive rounding of cells from the growth front inward, with decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression, YAP nuclear translocation, and cell proliferation. Together, this suggests that the myofibroblast phenotype is stabilized at the growth front by tensile forces, even in the absence of endogenously supplemented TGF-β, and reverts into a quiescent fibroblast phenotype already 10 μm behind the growth front, thus giving rise to a myofibroblast-to-fibroblast transition. This is the hallmark of reaching prohealing homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kollmannsberger
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Golm, Germany
| | - Cécile M. Bidan
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Golm, Germany
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John W. C. Dunlop
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Golm, Germany
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Arnoldini S, Moscaroli A, Chabria M, Hilbert M, Hertig S, Schibli R, Béhé M, Vogel V. Novel peptide probes to assess the tensional state of fibronectin fibers in cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1793. [PMID: 29176724 PMCID: PMC5702617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transformations of extracellular matrix (ECM) accompany pathological tissue changes, yet how cell-ECM crosstalk drives these processes remains unknown as adequate tools to probe forces or mechanical strains in tissues are lacking. Here, we introduce a new nanoprobe to assess the mechanical strain of fibronectin (Fn) fibers in tissue, based on the bacterial Fn-binding peptide FnBPA5. FnBPA5 exhibits nM binding affinity to relaxed, but not stretched Fn fibers and is shown to exhibit strain-sensitive ECM binding in cell culture in a comparison with an established Fn-FRET probe. Staining of tumor tissue cryosections shows large regions of relaxed Fn fibers and injection of radiolabeled 111In-FnBPA5 in a prostate cancer mouse model reveals specific accumulation of 111In-FnBPA5 in tumor with prolonged retention compared to other organs. The herein presented approach enables to investigate how Fn fiber strain at the tissue level impacts cell signaling and pathological progression in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Arnoldini
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Moscaroli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, OIPA/103, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mamta Chabria
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hilbert
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, OFLC/102, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Hertig
- Hertig Visualizations, Technikumstrasse 10B, 3400, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, OIPA/103, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Institute for Pharamaceutical Science, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute, OIPA/103, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Turner CJ, Badu-Nkansah K, Hynes RO. Endothelium-derived fibronectin regulates neonatal vascular morphogenesis in an autocrine fashion. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:519-531. [PMID: 28667352 PMCID: PMC5660148 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin containing alternatively spliced EIIIA and EIIIB domains is largely absent from mature quiescent vessels in adults, but is highly expressed around blood vessels during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. The precise functions of fibronectin and its splice variants during developmental angiogenesis however remain unclear due to the presence of cardiac, somitic, mesodermal and neural defects in existing global fibronectin KO mouse models. Using a rare family of surviving EIIIA EIIIB double KO mice, as well as inducible endothelial-specific fibronectin-deficient mutant mice, we show that vascular development in the neonatal retina is regulated in an autocrine manner by endothelium-derived fibronectin, and requires both EIIIA and EIIIB domains and the RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins for its function. Exogenous sources of fibronectin do not fully substitute for the autocrine function of endothelial fibronectin, demonstrating that fibronectins from different sources contribute differentially to specific aspects of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Turner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP3 0FS, UK
| | - Kwabena Badu-Nkansah
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, 307 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 76-361, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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28
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Szymanski JM, Zhang K, Feinberg AW. Measuring the Poisson's Ratio of Fibronectin Using Engineered Nanofibers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13413. [PMID: 29042643 PMCID: PMC5645409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fibrillar protein-based network, the physical and chemical properties of which can influence a multitude of cellular processes. Despite having an important role in cell and tissue signaling, a complete chemo-mechanical characterization of ECM proteins such as fibronectin (FN) is lacking. In this study, we engineered monodisperse FN nanofibers using a surface-initiated assembly technique in order to provide new insight into the elastic behavior of this material over large deformations. FN nanofibers were patterned on surfaces in a pre-stressed state and when released from the surface underwent rapid contraction. We found that the FN nanofibers underwent 3.3-fold and 9-fold changes in length and width, respectively, and that the nanofiber volume was conserved. Volume was also conserved following uniaxial extension of the FN nanofibers of ~2-fold relative to the patterned state. This data suggests that the FN networks we engineered formed an incompressible material with a Poisson’s ratio of ~0.5. While the Poisson’s ratio of cells and other biological materials are widely estimated as 0.5, our experimental results demonstrate that for FN networks this is a reasonable approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Szymanski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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29
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Sato Y, Nagatoshi K, Hamano A, Imamura Y, Huss D, Uchida S, Lansford R. Basal filopodia and vascular mechanical stress organize fibronectin into pillars bridging the mesoderm-endoderm gap. Development 2017; 144:281-291. [PMID: 28096216 DOI: 10.1242/dev.141259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cells may exchange information with other cells and tissues by exerting forces on the extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectin (FN) is an important ECM component that forms fibrils through cell contacts and creates directionally biased geometry. Here, we demonstrate that FN is deposited as pillars between widely separated germ layers, namely the somitic mesoderm and the endoderm, in quail embryos. Alongside the FN pillars, long filopodia protrude from the basal surfaces of somite epithelial cells. Loss-of-function of Ena/VASP, α5β1-integrins or talin in the somitic cells abolished the FN pillars, indicating that FN pillar formation is dependent on the basal filopodia through these molecules. The basal filopodia and FN pillars are also necessary for proper somite morphogenesis. We identified a new mechanism contributing to FN pillar formation by focusing on cyclic expansion of adjacent dorsal aorta. Maintenance of the directional alignment of the FN pillars depends on pulsatile blood flow through the dorsal aortae. These results suggest that the FN pillars are specifically established through filopodia-mediated and pulsating force-related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan .,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kei Nagatoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hamano
- Department of Advanced Information Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan
| | - Yuko Imamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - David Huss
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Seiichi Uchida
- Department of Advanced Information Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.,Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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30
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Szymanski JM, Sevcik EN, Zhang K, Feinberg AW. Stretch-dependent changes in molecular conformation in fibronectin nanofibers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1629-1639. [PMID: 28612067 PMCID: PMC5549851 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes including embryonic development, wound healing, and fibrosis. Recent evidence has demonstrated that FN is mechanosensitive, where the application of force induces conformational changes within the FN molecule to expose otherwise cryptic binding domains. However, it has proven technically challenging to dynamically monitor how the nanostructure of FN fibers changes as a result of force-induced extension, due in part to the inherent complexity of FN networks within tissue and cell-generated extracellular matrix (ECM). This has limited our understanding of FN matrix mechanobiology and the complex bi-directional signaling between cells and the ECM, and de novo FN fiber fabrication strategies have only partially addressed this. Towards addressing this need, we have developed a modified surface-initiated assembly (SIA) technique to engineer FN nanofibers that we can uniaxially stretch to >7-fold extensions and subsequently immobilize them in the stretched state for high resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. Using this approach, we analyzed how the nanostructure of FN molecules within the nanofibers changed with stretch. In fully contracted FN nanofibers, we observed large, densely packed, isotropically-oriented nodules. With intermediate extension, uniaxially-aligned fibrillar regions developed and nodules became progressively smaller. At high extension, the nanostructure consisted of highly aligned fibrils with small nodules in a beads-on-a-string arrangement. In summary, we have established a methodology to uniaxially stretch FN fibers and monitor changes in nanostructure using AFM. Our results provide new insight into how FN fiber extension can affect the morphology of the constituent FN molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Szymanski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Emily N Sevcik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Kairui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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31
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Cao L, Nicosia J, Larouche J, Zhang Y, Bachman H, Brown AC, Holmgren L, Barker TH. Detection of an Integrin-Binding Mechanoswitch within Fibronectin during Tissue Formation and Fibrosis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:7110-7117. [PMID: 28699736 PMCID: PMC5842356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (Fn) is an extracellular matrix protein that orchestrates complex cell adhesion and signaling through cell surface integrin receptors during tissue development, remodeling, and disease, such as fibrosis. Fn is sensitive to mechanical forces in its tandem type III repeats, resulting in extensive molecular enlongation. As such, it has long been hypothesized that cell- and tissue-derived forces may activate an "integrin switch" within the critical integrin-binding ninth and 10th type III repeats-conferring differential integrin-binding specificity, leading to differential cell responses. Yet, no direct evidence exists to prove the hypothesis nor demonstrate the physiological existence of the switch. We report direct experimental evidence for the Fn integrin switch both in vitro and ex vivo using a scFv engineered to detect the transient, force-induced conformational change, representing an opportunity for detection and targeting of early molecular signatures of cell contractile forces in tissue repair and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Cao
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John Nicosia
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jacqueline Larouche
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haylee Bachman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ashley C. Brown
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Centrum Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas H. Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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32
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Fibronectin, the extracellular glue. Matrix Biol 2017; 60-61:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Silk-fibronectin protein alloy fibres support cell adhesion and viability as a high strength, matrix fibre analogue. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45653. [PMID: 28378749 PMCID: PMC5381220 DOI: 10.1038/srep45653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk is a natural polymer with broad utility in biomedical applications because it exhibits general biocompatibility and high tensile material properties. While mechanical integrity is important for most biomaterial applications, proper function and integration also requires biomaterial incorporation into complex surrounding tissues for many physiologically relevant processes such as wound healing. In this study, we spin silk fibroin into a protein alloy fibre with whole fibronectin using wet spinning approaches in order to synergize their respective strength and cell interaction capabilities. Results demonstrate that silk fibroin alone is a poor adhesive surface for fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the absence of serum. However, significantly improved cell attachment is observed to silk-fibronectin alloy fibres without serum present while not compromising the fibres' mechanical integrity. Additionally, cell viability is improved up to six fold on alloy fibres when serum is present while migration and spreading generally increase as well. These findings demonstrate the utility of composite protein alloys as inexpensive and effective means to create durable, biologically active biomaterials.
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34
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Wuest SL, Stern P, Casartelli E, Egli M. Fluid Dynamics Appearing during Simulated Microgravity Using Random Positioning Machines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170826. [PMID: 28135286 PMCID: PMC5279744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Random Positioning Machines (RPMs) are widely used as tools to simulate microgravity on ground. They consist of two gimbal mounted frames, which constantly rotate biological samples around two perpendicular axes and thus distribute the Earth's gravity vector in all directions over time. In recent years, the RPM is increasingly becoming appreciated as a laboratory instrument also in non-space-related research. For instance, it can be applied for the formation of scaffold-free spheroid cell clusters. The kinematic rotation of the RPM, however, does not only distribute the gravity vector in such a way that it averages to zero, but it also introduces local forces to the cell culture. These forces can be described by rigid body analysis. Although RPMs are commonly used in laboratories, the fluid motion in the cell culture flasks on the RPM and the possible effects of such on cells have not been examined until today; thus, such aspects have been widely neglected. In this study, we used a numerical approach to describe the fluid dynamic characteristic occurring inside a cell culture flask turning on an operating RPM. The simulations showed that the fluid motion within the cell culture flask never reached a steady state or neared a steady state condition. The fluid velocity depends on the rotational velocity of the RPM and is in the order of a few centimeters per second. The highest shear stresses are found along the flask walls; depending of the rotational velocity, they can reach up to a few 100 mPa. The shear stresses in the "bulk volume," however, are always smaller, and their magnitude is in the order of 10 mPa. In conclusion, RPMs are highly appreciated as reliable tools in microgravity research. They have even started to become useful instruments in new research fields of mechanobiology. Depending on the experiment, the fluid dynamic on the RPM cannot be neglected and needs to be taken into consideration. The results presented in this study elucidate the fluid motion and provide insight into the convection and shear stresses that occur inside a cell culture flask during RPM experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon L. Wuest
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, School of Engineering and Architecture, CC Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Hergiswil, Switzerland
| | - Philip Stern
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, School of Engineering and Architecture, CC Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Ernesto Casartelli
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, School of Engineering and Architecture, CC Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines, Horw, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Egli
- Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, School of Engineering and Architecture, CC Aerospace Biomedical Science and Technology, Space Biology Group, Hergiswil, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Foolen J, Shiu JY, Mitsi M, Zhang Y, Chen CS, Vogel V. Full-Length Fibronectin Drives Fibroblast Accumulation at the Surface of Collagen Microtissues during Cell-Induced Tissue Morphogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160369. [PMID: 27564551 PMCID: PMC5001707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating and maintaining gradients of cell density and extracellular matrix (ECM) components is a prerequisite for the development of functionality of healthy tissue. Therefore, gaining insights into the drivers of spatial organization of cells and the role of ECM during tissue morphogenesis is vital. In a 3D model system of tissue morphogenesis, a fibronectin-FRET sensor recently revealed the existence of two separate fibronectin populations with different conformations in microtissues, i.e. 'compact and adsorbed to collagen' versus 'extended and fibrillar' fibronectin that does not colocalize with the collagen scaffold. Here we asked how the presence of fibronectin might drive this cell-induced tissue morphogenesis, more specifically the formation of gradients in cell density and ECM composition. Microtissues were engineered in a high-throughput model system containing rectangular microarrays of 12 posts, which constrained fibroblast-populated collagen gels, remodeled by the contractile cells into trampoline-shaped microtissues. Fibronectin's contribution during the tissue maturation process was assessed using fibronectin-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (Fn-/- MEFs) and floxed equivalents (Fnf/f MEFs), in fibronectin-depleted growth medium with and without exogenously added plasma fibronectin (full-length, or various fragments). In the absence of full-length fibronectin, Fn-/- MEFs remained homogenously distributed throughout the cell-contracted collagen gels. In contrast, in the presence of full-length fibronectin, both cell types produced shell-like tissues with a predominantly cell-free compacted collagen core and a peripheral surface layer rich in cells. Single cell assays then revealed that Fn-/- MEFs applied lower total strain energy on nanopillar arrays coated with either fibronectin or vitronectin when compared to Fnf/f MEFs, but that the presence of exogenously added plasma fibronectin rescued their contractility. While collagen decoration of single fibronectin fibers enhanced the non-persistent migration of both Fnf/f and Fn-/- MEFs, the migration speed was increased for Fn-/- MEFs on plasma fibronectin fibers compared to Fnf/f MEFs. In contrast, the average speed was the same for all cells on collagen-coated Fn fibers. A Fn-FRET sensor revealed that fibronectin on average was more extended on the microtissue surface compared to fibronectin in the core. Gradients of collagen-to-fibronectin ratios and of the fraction of collagen-adsorbed to stretched fibrillar fibronectin conformations might thereby provide critical cell migration cues. This study highlights a dominant role for fibronectin in tissue morphogenesis and the development of tissue heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Foolen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jau-Ye Shiu
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, Zurich, Switzerland
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Alfano M, Canducci F, Nebuloni M, Clementi M, Montorsi F, Salonia A. The interplay of extracellular matrix and microbiome in urothelial bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2016; 13:77-90. [PMID: 26666363 PMCID: PMC7097604 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2015.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many pathological changes in solid tumours are caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations and epigenetic molecular alterations. In addition, tumour progression is profoundly influenced by the environment surrounding the transformed cells. The interplay between tumour cells and their microenvironment has been recognized as one of the key determinants of cancer development and is being extensively investigated. Data suggest that both the extracellular matrix and the microbiota represent microenvironments that contribute to the onset and progression of tumours. Through the introduction of omics technologies and pyrosequencing analyses, a detailed investigation of these two microenvironments is now possible. In urological research, assessment of their dysregulation has become increasingly important to provide diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for urothelial bladder cancer. Understanding the roles of the extracellular matrix and microbiota, two key components of the urothelial mucosa, in the sequelae of pathogenic events that occur in the development and progression of urothelial carcinomas will be important to overcome the shortcomings in current bladder cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Alfano
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan Italy
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese Italy
| | - Manuela Nebuloni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pathology Unit, L. Sacco Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi 74, 20157 Milan Italy
| | - Massimo Clementi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan Italy
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Hubbard B, Buczek-Thomas JA, Nugent MA, Smith ML. Fibronectin Fiber Extension Decreases Cell Spreading and Migration. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1728-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brant Hubbard
- Molecular Biology; Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew A. Nugent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Massachusetts Lowell; Lowell Massachusetts
| | - Michael L. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts
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38
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Mitsi M, Schulz MMP, Gousopoulos E, Ochsenbein AM, Detmar M, Vogel V. Walking the Line: A Fibronectin Fiber-Guided Assay to Probe Early Steps of (Lymph)angiogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145210. [PMID: 26689200 PMCID: PMC4686943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are highly complex morphogenetic processes, central to many physiological and pathological conditions, including development, cancer metastasis, inflammation and wound healing. While it is described that extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers are involved in the spatiotemporal regulation of angiogenesis, current angiogenesis assays are not specifically designed to dissect and quantify the underlying molecular mechanisms of how the fibrillar nature of ECM regulates vessel sprouting. Even less is known about the role of the fibrillar ECM during the early stages of lymphangiogenesis. To address such questions, we introduced here an in vitro (lymph)angiogenesis assay, where we used microbeads coated with endothelial cells as simple sprouting sources and deposited them on single Fn fibers used as substrates to mimic fibrillar ECM. The fibers were deposited on a transparent substrate, suitable for live microscopic observation of the ensuing cell outgrowth events at the single cell level. Our proof-of-concept studies revealed that fibrillar Fn, compared to Fn-coated surfaces, provides far stronger sprouting and guidance cues to endothelial cells, independent of the tested mechanical strains of the Fn fibers. Additionally, we found that VEGF-A, but not VEGF-C, stimulates the collective outgrowth of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), while the collective outgrowth of blood vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) was prominent even in the absence of these angiogenic factors. In addition to the findings presented here, the modularity of our assay allows for the use of different ECM or synthetic fibers as substrates, as well as of other cell types, thus expanding the range of applications in vascular biology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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39
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Raoufi M, Das T, Schoen I, Vogel V, Brüggemann D, Spatz JP. Nanopore Diameters Tune Strain in Extruded Fibronectin Fibers. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6357-64. [PMID: 26360649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin is present in the extracellular matrix and can be assembled into nanofibers in vivo by undergoing conformational changes. Here, we present a novel approach to prepare fibronectin nanofibers under physiological conditions using an extrusion approach through nanoporous aluminum oxide membranes. This one-step process can prepare nanofiber bundles up to a millimeter in length and with uniform fiber diameters in the nanometer range. Most importantly, by using different pore diameters and protein concentrations in the extrusion process, we could induce varying lasting structural changes in the fibers, which were monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer and should impose different physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Raoufi
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Tamal Das
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 (HCI F443), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog Weg 4 (HCI F443), CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Brüggemann
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg , INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Kubow KE, Vukmirovic R, Zhe L, Klotzsch E, Smith ML, Gourdon D, Luna S, Vogel V. Mechanical forces regulate the interactions of fibronectin and collagen I in extracellular matrix. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8026. [PMID: 26272817 PMCID: PMC4539566 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the crucial role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in directing cell fate in healthy and diseased tissues--particularly in development, wound healing, tissue regeneration and cancer--the mechanisms that direct the assembly and regulate hierarchical architectures of ECM are poorly understood. Collagen I matrix assembly in vivo requires active fibronectin (Fn) fibrillogenesis by cells. Here we exploit Fn-FRET probes as mechanical strain sensors and demonstrate that collagen I fibres preferentially co-localize with more-relaxed Fn fibrils in the ECM of fibroblasts in cell culture. Fibre stretch-assay studies reveal that collagen I's Fn-binding domain is responsible for the mechano-regulated interaction. Furthermore, we show that Fn-collagen interactions are reciprocal: relaxed Fn fibrils act as multivalent templates for collagen assembly, but once assembled, collagen fibres shield Fn fibres from being stretched by cellular traction forces. Thus, in addition to the well-recognized, force-regulated, cell-matrix interactions, forces also tune the interactions between different structural ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher E. Kubow
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Radmila Vukmirovic
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Zhe
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Vascular Research, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael L. Smith
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Delphine Gourdon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sheila Luna
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Articular cartilage is a unique load-bearing connective tissue with a low intrinsic capacity for repair and regeneration. Its avascularity makes it relatively hypoxic and its unique extracellular matrix is enriched with cations, which increases the interstitial fluid osmolarity. Several physicochemical and biomechanical stimuli are reported to influence chondrocyte metabolism and may be utilized for regenerative medical approaches. In this review article, we summarize the most relevant stimuli and describe how ion channels may contribute to cartilage homeostasis, with special emphasis on intracellular signaling pathways. We specifically focus on the role of calcium signaling as an essential mechanotransduction component and highlight the role of phosphatase signaling in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
| | - Csaba Matta
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032 Hungary
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, Surrey, UK
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH UK
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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42
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Mitsi M, Handschin S, Gerber I, Schwartländer R, Klotzsch E, Wepf R, Vogel V. The ultrastructure of fibronectin fibers pulled from a protein monolayer at the air-liquid interface and the mechanism of the sheet-to-fiber transition. Biomaterials 2014; 36:66-79. [PMID: 25442805 PMCID: PMC4234482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin is a globular protein that circulates in the blood and undergoes fibrillogenesis if stretched or under other partially denaturing conditions, even in the absence of cells. Stretch assays made by pulling fibers from droplets of solutions containing high concentrations of fibronectin have previously been introduced in mechanobiology, particularly to ask how bacteria and cells exploit the stretching of fibronectin fibers within extracellular matrix to mechano-regulate its chemical display. Our electron microscopy analysis of their ultrastructure now reveals that the manually pulled fibronectin fibers are composed of densely packed lamellar spirals, whose interlamellar distances are dictated by ion-tunable electrostatic interactions. Our findings suggest that fibrillogenesis proceeds via an irreversible sheet-to-fiber transition as the fibronectin sheet formed at the air-liquid interface of the droplet is pulled off by a sharp tip. This far from equilibrium process is driven by the externally applied force, interfacial surface tension, shear-induced fibronectin self-association, and capillary force-induced buffer drainage. The ultrastructural characterization is then contrasted with previous FRET studies that characterized the molecular strain within these manually pulled fibers. Particularly relevant for stretch-dependent binding studies is the finding that the interior fiber surfaces are accessible to nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm. In summary, our study discovers the underpinning mechanism by which highly hierarchically structured fibers can be generated with unique mechanical and mechano-chemical properties, a concept that might be extended to other bio- or biomimetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mitsi
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Handschin
- SCOPEM - Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Gerber
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Schwartländer
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Wepf
- SCOPEM - Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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43
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Zhang Y, Lin Z, Foolen J, Schoen I, Santoro A, Zenobi-Wong M, Vogel V. Disentangling the multifactorial contributions of fibronectin, collagen and cyclic strain on MMP expression and extracellular matrix remodeling by fibroblasts. Matrix Biol 2014; 40:62-72. [PMID: 25217861 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early wound healing is associated with fibroblasts assembling a provisional fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), which is subsequently remodeled and interlaced by type I collagen. This exposes fibroblasts to time-variant sets of matrices during different stages of wound healing. Our goal was thus to gain insight into the ECM-driven functional regulation of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) being either anchored to a fibronectin (Fn) or to a collagen-decorated matrix, in the absence or presence of cyclic mechanical strain. While the cells reoriented in response to the onset of uniaxial cyclic strain, cells assembled exogenously added Fn with a preferential Fn-fiber alignment along their new orientation. Exposure of HFFs to exogenous Fn resulted in an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression levels, i.e. MMP-15 (RT-qPCR), and MMP-9 activity (zymography), while subsequent exposure to collagen slightly reduced MMP-15 expression and MMP-9 activity compared to Fn-exposure alone. Cyclic strain upregulated Fn fibrillogenesis and actin stress fiber formation, but had comparatively little effect on MMP activity. We thus propose that the appearance of collagen might start to steer HFFs towards homeostasis, as it decreased both MMP secretion and the tension of Fn matrix fibrils as assessed by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer. These results suggest that HFFs might have a high ECM remodeling or repair capacity in contact with Fn alone (early event), which is reduced in the presence of Col1 (later event), thereby down-tuning HFF activity, a processes which would be required in a tissue repair process to finally reach tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhe Lin
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Foolen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Schoen
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Santoro
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Cartilage Engineering+Regeneration, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Vogel
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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44
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Comparative assessment of the stability of nonfouling poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(ethylene glycol) surface films: Anin vitrocell culture study. Biointerphases 2014; 9:031003. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4878461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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45
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Früh SM, Spycher PR, Mitsi M, Burkhardt MA, Vogel V, Schoen I. Functional Modification of Fibronectin by N-Terminal FXIIIa-Mediated Transamidation. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1481-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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Szymanski JM, Jallerat Q, Feinberg AW. ECM protein nanofibers and nanostructures engineered using surface-initiated assembly. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24799041 DOI: 10.3791/51176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues is synthesized and assembled by cells to form a 3D fibrillar, protein network with tightly regulated fiber diameter, composition and organization. In addition to providing structural support, the physical and chemical properties of the ECM play an important role in multiple cellular processes including adhesion, differentiation, and apoptosis. In vivo, the ECM is assembled by exposing cryptic self-assembly (fibrillogenesis) sites within proteins. This process varies for different proteins, but fibronectin (FN) fibrillogenesis is well-characterized and serves as a model system for cell-mediated ECM assembly. Specifically, cells use integrin receptors on the cell membrane to bind FN dimers and actomyosin-generated contractile forces to unfold and expose binding sites for assembly into insoluble fibers. This receptor-mediated process enables cells to assemble and organize the ECM from the cellular to tissue scales. Here, we present a method termed surface-initiated assembly (SIA), which recapitulates cell-mediated matrix assembly using protein-surface interactions to unfold ECM proteins and assemble them into insoluble fibers. First, ECM proteins are adsorbed onto a hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface where they partially denature (unfold) and expose cryptic binding domains. The unfolded proteins are then transferred in well-defined micro- and nanopatterns through microcontact printing onto a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) surface. Thermally-triggered dissolution of the PIPAAm leads to final assembly and release of insoluble ECM protein nanofibers and nanostructures with well-defined geometries. Complex architectures are possible by engineering defined patterns on the PDMS stamps used for microcontact printing. In addition to FN, the SIA process can be used with laminin, fibrinogen and collagens type I and IV to create multi-component ECM nanostructures. Thus, SIA can be used to engineer ECM protein-based materials with precise control over the protein composition, fiber geometry and scaffold architecture in order to recapitulate the structure and composition of the ECM in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Szymanski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Quentin Jallerat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University;
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47
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Bradshaw MJ, Smith ML. Multiscale relationships between fibronectin structure and functional properties. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1524-31. [PMID: 23978411 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell behavior is tightly coupled to the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to which they attach. Fibronectin (Fn) forms a supermolecular, fibrillar component of the ECM that is prominent during development, wound healing and the progression of numerous diseases. This indicates that Fn has an important function in controlling cell behavior during dynamic events in vivo. The multiscale architecture of Fn molecules assembled into these fibers determines the ligand density of cell adhesion sites on the surface of the Fn fiber, Fn fiber porosity for cell signaling molecules such as growth factors, the mechanical stiffness of the Fn matrix and the adhesivity of Fn for its numerous soluble ligands. These parameters are altered by mechanical strain applied to the ECM. Recent efforts have attempted to link the molecular properties of Fn with bulk properties of Fn matrix fibers. Studies of isolated Fn fibers have helped to characterize the fiber's material properties and, in combination with models of Fn molecular behavior in the fibers, have begun to provide insights into the Fn molecular arrangement and intermolecular adhesions within the fibers. A review of these studies allows the development of an understanding of the mechanobiological functions of Fn.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bradshaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington St., ERB 502, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - M L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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48
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Mesenchymal stem cells exploit extracellular matrix as mechanotransducer. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2425. [PMID: 23939587 PMCID: PMC3741624 DOI: 10.1038/srep02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While stem cells can sense and respond to physical properties of their environment, the molecular aspects how physical information is translated into biochemical signals remain unknown. Here we show that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) harvest and assemble plasma fibronectin into their extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils within 24 hours. hMSCs pro-actively pull on newly assembled fibronectin ECM fibrils, and the fibers are more stretched on rigid than on soft fibronectin-coated polyacrylamide gels. Culturing hMSCs on single stretched fibronectin fibers upregulates hMSC osteogenesis. Osteogenesis was increased when αvβ3 integrins were blocked on relaxed fibronectin fibers, and decreased when α5β1 integrins were blocked or when epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling was inhibited on stretched fibronectin fibers. This suggests that hMSCs utilize their own contractile forces to translate environmental cues into differential biochemical signals by stretching fibronectin fibrils. Mechanoregulation of fibronectin fibrils may thus serve as check point to regulate hMSC osteogenesis.
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Klotzsch E, Schoen I, Ries J, Renn A, Sandoghdar V, Vogel V. Conformational distribution of surface-adsorbed fibronectin molecules explored by single molecule localization microscopy. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:883-892. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heparin-dependent regulation of fibronectin matrix conformation. Matrix Biol 2013; 34:124-31. [PMID: 24148804 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) conformation is regulated by a variety of stimuli in vivo, including mechanical forces and allosteric binding partners, and these conformational changes contribute to the regulation of cell behavior. Heparin and heparan sulfate, for example, have been shown to regulate the sequestration and presentation of numerous growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, on the heparin 2 binding domain in fibronectin (Fn). However, mechanical force also alters Fn conformation, indicating that the growth factor binding region may be co-regulated by both heparin and mechanical force. Herein, we describe a simple antibody-based method for evaluating the conformation of the heparin 2 binding domain in Fn, and use it to determine the relative contributions of heparin and mechanical strain to the regulation of Fn conformation. We achieved specificity in quantifying conformational changes in this region of Fn by measuring the ratio of two fluorescent monoclonal antibodies, one that is insensitive to Fn conformational changes and a second whose binding is reduced or enhanced by non-equilibrium conformational changes. Importantly, this technique is shown to work on Fn adsorbed on surfaces, single Fn fibers, and Fn matrix fibers in cell culture. Using our dual antibody approach, we show that heparin and mechanical strain co-regulate Fn conformation in matrix fibrils, which is the first demonstration of heparin-dependent regulation of Fn in its physiologically-relevant fibrillar state. Furthermore, the dual antibody approach utilizes commercially available antibodies and simple immunohistochemistry, thus making it accessible to a wide range of scientists interested in Fn mechanobiology.
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