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Xie Q, Cao H, Liu H, Xia K, Gao Y, Deng C. Prenatal DEHP exposure induces lifelong testicular toxicity by continuously interfering with steroidogenic gene expression. Transl Androl Urol 2024; 13:369-382. [PMID: 38590960 PMCID: PMC10999017 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies suggested the association between prenatal di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and disorders of sex development (DSD), adult male disorders, and reproductive aging. Inhibiting testosterone synthesis by interfering with steroidogenic gene expression induces testicular toxicity, however, whether prenatal DEHP exposure induces testicular toxicity through this mechanism remains uncertain. Methods C57BL/6JGpt male mice underwent different doses (0, 100, 500, 1,000 mg/kg) of prenatal DEHP exposure during gestational day 10 to delivery day, the testicular toxicity (genital development, testosterone, semen quality, and morphology of testis tissue) in the neonatal, post-puberal and middle-aged stages was observed, and the steroidogenic gene (Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, and Hsd3b2) expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot (WB). The interference of steroidogenic gene expression in TM3 cells after mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) exposure was also explored for verification. Results Prenatal DEHP exposure induced immediate testicular injury in the neonatal stage [reduced anogenital distance (AGD) and intratesticular testosterone], DSD in the post-puberal stage (poor genital development), and reproductive aging in the middle-aged stage (obesity, reduced testosterone and semen quality, and atrophic seminiferous tubules), especially in the high dose. Prenatal DEHP exposure continuously interfered with steroidogenic gene expression (Hsd3b2, Hsd17b3) in RNA and protein levels. MEHP inhibited testosterone synthesis of TM3 cells by interfering with steroidogenic gene expression (Hsd3b2, Hsd17b3) in RNA and protein levels. Conclusions Prenatal DEHP exposure induces lifelong testicular toxicity by continuously interfering with steroidogenic gene expression, thus indicating the association between prenatal exposure and DSD, adult male disorders, and reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigen Xie
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Andrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Cao
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Center of the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hanchao Liu
- Department of Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Andrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Andrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Buckley M, Jacob WP, Bortey L, McClain M, Ritter AL, Godfrey A, Munneke AS, Ramachandran S, Kenis S, Kolnik JC, Olofsson S, Adkins R, Kutoloski T, Rademacher L, Heinecke O, Alva A, Beets I, Francis MM, Kowalski JR. Cell non-autonomous signaling through the conserved C. elegans glycopeptide hormone receptor FSHR-1 regulates cholinergic neurotransmission. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.10.578699. [PMID: 38405708 PMCID: PMC10888917 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.578699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of neurotransmission is key for organismal responses to varying physiological contexts such as during infection, injury, or other stresses, as well as in learning and memory and for sensory adaptation. Roles for cell autonomous neuromodulatory mechanisms in these processes have been well described. The importance of cell non-autonomous pathways for inter-tissue signaling, such as gut-to-brain or glia-to-neuron, has emerged more recently, but the cellular mechanisms mediating such regulation remain comparatively unexplored. Glycoproteins and their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are well-established orchestrators of multi-tissue signaling events that govern diverse physiological processes through both cell-autonomous and cell non-autonomous regulation. Here, we show that follicle stimulating hormone receptor, FSHR-1, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of mammalian glycoprotein hormone GPCRs, is important for cell non-autonomous modulation of synaptic transmission. Inhibition of fshr-1 expression reduces muscle contraction and leads to synaptic vesicle accumulation in cholinergic motor neurons. The neuromuscular and locomotor defects in fshr-1 loss-of-function mutants are associated with an underlying accumulation of synaptic vesicles, build-up of the synaptic vesicle priming factor UNC-10/RIM, and decreased synaptic vesicle release from cholinergic motor neurons. Restoration of FSHR-1 to the intestine is sufficient to restore neuromuscular activity and synaptic vesicle localization to fshr-1- deficient animals. Intestine-specific knockdown of FSHR-1 reduces neuromuscular function, indicating FSHR-1 is both necessary and sufficient in the intestine for its neuromuscular effects. Re-expression of FSHR-1 in other sites of endogenous expression, including glial cells and neurons, also restored some neuromuscular deficits, indicating potential cross-tissue regulation from these tissues as well. Genetic interaction studies provide evidence that downstream effectors gsa-1 / Gα S , acy-1 /adenylyl cyclase and sphk-1/ sphingosine kinase and glycoprotein hormone subunit orthologs, GPLA-1/GPA2 and GPLB-1/GPB5, are important for FSHR-1 modulation of the NMJ. Together, our results demonstrate that FSHR-1 modulation directs inter-tissue signaling systems, which promote synaptic vesicle release at neuromuscular synapses.
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Asoh T, Miyahara S, Villanueva SYAM, Kanemaru T, Takigawa T, Mori H, Gloriani NG, Yoshida SI, Saito M. Protective role of stratum corneum in percutaneous Leptospira infection in a hamster model. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106243. [PMID: 37422175 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Leptospira enters humans and animals through injured skin or mucous membranes by direct or indirect contact with urine excreted from infected reservoirs. Individuals with cut or scratched skin are at high risk of infection and are recommended to be protected from contact with Leptospira, but the risk of infection via skin without apparent wounds is unknown. We hypothesized that the stratum corneum of the epidermis might prevent percutaneous invasion of leptospires. We established a stratum corneum deficient model of hamsters using the tape stripping method. The mortality rate of hamsters lacking stratum corneum that were exposed to Leptospira was higher than that of controls with shaved skin, and was not significantly different from an epidermal wound group. These results indicated that the stratum corneum plays a critical role in protecting the host against leptospiral entry. We also examined the migration of leptospires through the monolayer of HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte cell line) using Transwell. The number of pathogenic leptospires penetrating the HaCaT cell monolayers was higher than that of non-pathogenic leptospires. Furthermore, scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that the bacteria penetrated the cell monolayers through both intracellular and intercellular routes. This suggested that pathogenic Leptospira can migrate easily through keratinocyte layers and is associated with virulence. Our study further highlights the importance of the stratum corneum as a critical barrier against the invasion of Leptospira found in contaminated soil and water. Hence, preventative measures against contact infection should be taken, even without visible skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuma Asoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan; Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyahara
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sharon Yvette Angelina M Villanueva
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Takaaki Kanemaru
- Department of Morphology Core Unit, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takigawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mori
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nina G Gloriani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Department of Pathology, St. Luke's Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Shin-Ichi Yoshida
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Saito
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Taiwo OA, Dosumu OA, James AS, Ugwor EI, Ojo OA, Dedeke GA, Ademuyiwa O. Pre-puberty cannabichromene exposure modulates reproductive function via alteration of spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and eNOS pathway metabolites. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:690-705. [PMID: 37396845 PMCID: PMC10313885 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabis and cannabinoids affect almost every system of the body and exert systemic effects such as alterations in memory and cognitive functions, neurotransmission impediment, as well as obstruction of endocrine and reproductive system functions. Reproduction is a complicated phenomenon that integrates biological, psychological and behavioural aspects, hence susceptible to intracellular and extracellular modulations by numerous chemicals and toxicants like cannabis. Aim The effects of early-life exposure to cannabis on reproductive function biomarkers and genes were investigated in male and female Wistar rats in this study. Method An initial computational analysis (molecular docking and induced fit docking) of some cannabinoids with reproductive enzymes; androgen and follicle stimulating hormone receptors was conducted. Overall, cannabichromene (CBC) had the best IFD scores and binding free energies for the two proteins studied and it interacted with notable amino acids within their active sites. Subsequently, forty (40) Wistar rats, 20 male and 20 female (24-28 days old, weighing 20-28 ± 2 g) were divided into two groups each and orally administered CBC for 21 days. Penile tissues, testes and ovaries, were collected for biochemical analysis (hormonal assays, enzyme activities, and metabolite concentrations), gene expressions, and histological evaluations. Results Activities of arginase and phosphodiesterase-5 in the penile tissue were significantly increased, while nitric oxide and calcium levels were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the CBC-exposed groups relative to the control group. Semen analysis showed significantly more abnormalities and decreased concentration of spermatozoa in the CBC-exposed group compared to the control. Activities of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and cholesterol level were decreased in both testes and ovaries of CBC-exposed groups. Furthermore, levels of testosterone, progesterone, luteinizing, and follicle-stimulating hormones were reduced in the serum of CBC rats. Moreover, relative expressions of androgen receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor genes were significantly downregulated in the CBC-exposed groups. Histological evaluations revealed lesions, tubular necrosis, and cellular congestions in both the testes and ovaries. Conclusion This study suggests that pre-puberty exposure to cannabis modulates reproductive functions via cannabichromene inhibition of steroidogenesis, stimulation of erectile dysfunction (modulation of intermediates and enzymes of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway in the penile tissue), and downregulation of the expressions of genes associated with reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo Anthonia Taiwo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Chrisland University, Ajebo Abeokuta, Ogun-state, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Adebisi Dosumu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Segun James
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Sciences (Biochemistry Programme), Augustine University, Ilara-Epe, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Molecular Toxicology, and Computational Biochemistry Research Laboratory (PMTCB-RL) Department of Biochemistry, Bowen University, 232101 Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oladipo Ademuyiwa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Shpakov AO. Allosteric Regulation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: From Diversity of Molecular Mechanisms to Multiple Allosteric Sites and Their Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6187. [PMID: 37047169 PMCID: PMC10094638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allosteric regulation is critical for the functioning of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their signaling pathways. Endogenous allosteric regulators of GPCRs are simple ions, various biomolecules, and protein components of GPCR signaling (G proteins and β-arrestins). The stability and functional activity of GPCR complexes is also due to multicenter allosteric interactions between protomers. The complexity of allosteric effects caused by numerous regulators differing in structure, availability, and mechanisms of action predetermines the multiplicity and different topology of allosteric sites in GPCRs. These sites can be localized in extracellular loops; inside the transmembrane tunnel and in its upper and lower vestibules; in cytoplasmic loops; and on the outer, membrane-contacting surface of the transmembrane domain. They are involved in the regulation of basal and orthosteric agonist-stimulated receptor activity, biased agonism, GPCR-complex formation, and endocytosis. They are targets for a large number of synthetic allosteric regulators and modulators, including those constructed using molecular docking. The review is devoted to the principles and mechanisms of GPCRs allosteric regulation, the multiplicity of allosteric sites and their topology, and the endogenous and synthetic allosteric regulators, including autoantibodies and pepducins. The allosteric regulation of chemokine receptors, proteinase-activated receptors, thyroid-stimulating and luteinizing hormone receptors, and beta-adrenergic receptors are described in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Lund M, Pearson AC, Sage MAG, Duffy DM. Luteinizing hormone receptor promotes angiogenesis in ovarian endothelial cells of Macaca fascicularis and Homo sapiens†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:258-268. [PMID: 36214501 PMCID: PMC9930396 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis within the ovarian follicle is an important component of ovulation. New capillary growth is initiated by the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), and angiogenesis is well underway at the time of follicle rupture. LH-stimulated follicular production of vascular growth factors has been shown to promote new capillary formation in the ovulatory follicle. The possibility that LH acts directly on ovarian endothelial cells to promote ovulatory angiogenesis has not been addressed. For these studies, ovaries containing ovulatory follicles were obtained from cynomolgus macaques and used for histological examination of ovarian vascular endothelial cells, and monkey ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (mOMECs) were enriched from ovulatory follicles for in vitro studies. mOMECs expressed LHCGR mRNA and protein, and immunostaining confirmed LHCGR protein in endothelial cells of ovulatory follicles in vivo. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a ligand for LHCGR, increased mOMEC proliferation, migration and capillary-like sprout formation in vitro. Treatment of mOMECs with hCG increased cAMP, a common intracellular signal generated by LHCGR activation. The cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP increased mOMEC proliferation in the absence of hCG. Both the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 blocked hCG-stimulated mOMEC proliferation, suggesting that multiple G-proteins may mediate LHCGR action. Human ovarian microvascular endothelial cells (hOMECs) enriched from ovarian aspirates obtained from healthy oocyte donors also expressed LHCGR. hOMECs also migrated and proliferated in response to hCG. Overall, these findings indicate that the LH surge may directly activate ovarian endothelial cells to stimulate angiogenesis of the ovulatory follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Lund
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew C Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Megan A G Sage
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Diane M Duffy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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A Narrative Review Discussing the Efficiency of Personalized Dosing Algorithm of Follitropin Delta for Ovarian Stimulation and the Reproductive and Clinical Outcomes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13020177. [PMID: 36672987 PMCID: PMC9858569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Follitropin delta is the third recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (r-hFSH) expressed in a host cell line of human fetal retinal origin that currently emphasizes that the actual tendency of administration is a personalized dosing algorithm based on the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and body mass index (BMI) for ovarian stimulation. Methods: In this context, we aimed, in the present manuscript, to gather all available data published between 2018-2022 regarding the co-administration and administration of follitropin delta and the clinical outcomes reported following an in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results: Follitropin delta is non-inferior in contrast to its previously launched agents for ovarian stimulation, enhancing a similar-to-superior response reflected by both the reproductive and pregnancy outcomes in parallel with a low risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), being well tolerated. The body weight and AMH level are factors that may influence the outcome in a patient. Despite controversy and results that refute these arguments on several occasions, follitropin delta exceeds the benefits of conventional dosing with either follitropin alfa or follitropin beta. Thus, all post hoc, derived analyses and subsets of patients that participated in subsequent studies support this statement. Conclusions: Despite the relatively limited spectrum of data in the current literature, most authors brought potent proof, supporting the subsequent use of this drug depending on the patient's profile and overcoming ethnic-related limitations. Although others contradict these observations, this topic and drug possess substantial potential, which is why additional studies are mandatory to fill the existing gaps in our knowledge and expand these experiences at a larger scale supported by the obtained reproductive and clinical outcomes that clearly indicate an overcoming of all limitations.
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Kilanowska A, Ziółkowska A, Stasiak P, Gibas-Dorna M. cAMP-Dependent Signaling and Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233835. [PMID: 36497095 PMCID: PMC9738761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP-dependent pathway is one of the most significant signaling cascades in healthy and neoplastic ovarian cells. Working through its major effector proteins-PKA and EPAC-it regulates gene expression and many cellular functions. PKA promotes the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) which mediates gene transcription, cell migration, mitochondrial homeostasis, cell proliferation, and death. EPAC, on the other hand, is involved in cell adhesion, binding, differentiation, and interaction between cell junctions. Ovarian cancer growth and metabolism largely depend on changes in the signal processing of the cAMP-PKA-CREB axis, often associated with neoplastic transformation, metastasis, proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, the intracellular level of cAMP also determines the course of other pathways including AKT, ERK, MAPK, and mTOR, that are hypo- or hyperactivated among patients with ovarian neoplasm. With this review, we summarize the current findings on cAMP signaling in the ovary and its association with carcinogenesis, multiplication, metastasis, and survival of cancer cells. Additionally, we indicate that targeting particular stages of cAMP-dependent processes might provide promising therapeutic opportunities for the effective management of patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kilanowska
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-683-283-148
| | - Agnieszka Ziółkowska
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Piotr Stasiak
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gibas-Dorna
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
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Bøtkjær JA, Kristensen SG, Olesen HØ, Larsson P, Mannaerts B, Andersen CY. Dose-dependent stimulation of human follicular steroidogenesis by a novel rhCG during ovarian stimulation with fixed rFSH dosing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1004596. [PMID: 36339420 PMCID: PMC9632659 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1004596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Choriogonadotropin (CG) beta (FE 999302), a novel recombinant human (h)CG produced by a human cell line, has a longer half-life and higher potency than CG alfa produced by a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. hCG augments steroid production, but the extent of which CG beta treatment during ovarian stimulation (OS) increases steroidogenesis is unknown. Objective To explore how increasing doses of CG beta during OS augment follicular steroidogenesis and change gene expression in cumulus cells. Study design This study is part of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of CG beta plus recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) in women undergoing OS during a long gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol. The study primary endpoint was intrafollicular steroid concentrations after CG beta administration. Secondary outcomes were gene expression of FSHR , LHR, CYP19a1, and androgen receptor (AR). Participants/methods 619 women with anti-Müllerian hormone levels 5-35 pmol/L were randomized to receive placebo or 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 µg/day CG beta from Day 1 of OS plus rFSH. Follicular fluid (FF) (n=558), granulosa (n=498) and cumulus cells (n=368) were collected at oocyte retrieval. Steroid FF hormones were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, gene expression was analyzed in cumulus cells by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis was performed in granulosa cells. Results 17-OH-progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations significantly increased in a CG-beta dose-dependent manner during OS (p<0.0001), reaching up to 10 times higher values in the highest dose group versus placebo. There was no difference between CG beta dose groups and placebo for progesterone. Expression levels of CYP19a1 increased significantly in the highest dose group of CG beta (p=0.0325) but levels of FSHR , LHR and AR were not affected by CG beta administration. There were no differences between the FSHR (307) or LHR(312) SNP genotypes for dose-dependent effects of CG beta in relation to number of oocytes, intrafollicular steroid hormone levels, or gene expression levels. Conclusions These results reflect the importance of the combined effect of FSH and hCG/LH during OS on granulosa cell activity, follicle health and potentially oocyte quality. Trial Registration number 2017-003810-13 (EudraCT Number). Trial Registration date 21 May 2018. Date of first patient’s enrolment 13 June 2018. Presented at the 38th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, P-567, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanna Ørnes Olesen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Larsson
- Global Biometrics, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernadette Mannaerts
- Reproductive Medicine & Maternal Health, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Li W, Zeng W, Jin X, Xu H, Fang X, Ma Z, Cao G, Li R, Ma L. High-Altitude Stress Orchestrates mRNA Expression and Alternative Splicing of Ovarian Follicle Development Genes in Tibetan Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2812. [PMID: 36290198 PMCID: PMC9597790 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude stress threatens the survival rate of Tibetan sheep and reduces their fertility. However, the molecular basis of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we used RNA-seq to elucidate the transcriptome dynamics of high-altitude stress in Tibetan sheep ovaries. In total, 104 genes were characterized as high-altitude stress-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, 36 DEGs contributed to ovarian follicle development, and 28 of them were downregulated under high-altitude stress. In particular, high-altitude stress significantly suppressed the expression of two ovarian lymphatic system marker genes: LYVE1 and ADAMTS-1. Network analysis revealed that luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) signaling-related genes, such as EGR1, FKBP5, DUSP1, and FOS, were central regulators in the DEG network, and these genes were also suppressed under high-altitude stress. As a post-transcriptional regulation mechanism, alternative splicing (AS) is ubiquitous in Tibetan sheep. High-altitude stress induced 917 differentially alternative splicing (DAS) events. High-altitude stress modulated DAS in an AS-type-specific manner: suppressing skipped exon events but increasing retained intron events. C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors and RNA processing factors were mainly enriched in DAS. These findings revealed high-altitude stress repressed ovarian development by suppressing the gene expression of LH/FSH hormone signaling genes and inducing intron retention of C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Weike Zeng
- College of Forestry, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiayang Jin
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- College of Forestry, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xingyan Fang
- College of Forestry, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhijie Ma
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Gangjian Cao
- College of Forestry, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruizhe Li
- Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Liuyin Ma
- College of Forestry, School of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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11
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Flippo C, Kolli V, Andrew M, Berger S, Bhatti T, Boyce AM, Casella D, Collins MT, Délot E, Devaney J, Hewitt SM, Kolon T, Mallappa A, White PC, Merke DP, Dauber A. Precocious Puberty in a Boy with Bilateral Leydig Cell Tumors due to a Somatic Gain-of-Function LHCGR Variant. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac127. [DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Autosomal dominant and rarely de novo gain-of-function variants in the LHCGR gene are associated with precocious male puberty, while somatic LHCGR variants have been found in isolated Leydig cell adenomas and Leydig cell hyperplasia. Bilateral diffuse Leydig cell tumor formation in peripheral precocious male puberty has not been reported.
Case Description
We present a boy with gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty and rapid virilization beginning in infancy resistant to standard therapy. Treatment with abiraterone in addition to letrozole and bicalutamide proved effective. Bilateral diffuse Leydig cell tumors were identified at age 5 years.
Results
Whole genome sequencing of tumor and blood samples was performed. The patient was confirmed to have bilateral, diffuse Leydig cell tumors harboring the somatic, gain-of-function p.Asp578His variant in the LHCGR gene. Digital droplet PCR of the LHCGR variant performed in tumor and blood samples detected low-levels of this same variant in the blood.
Conclusions
We report a young boy with severe gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty beginning in infancy who developed bilateral diffuse Leydig cell tumors at age 5 years due to a somatic gain-of-function p.Asp578His variant in LHCGR. The gain-of-function nature of the LHCGR variant and the developmental timing of the somatic mutation likely play a role in the risk of tumor formation. Abiraterone (a CYP17A1 inhibitor), in combination with an anti-androgen, aromatase inhibitor and glucocorticoid, appears to be an effective therapy for severe peripheral precocious puberty in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsi Flippo
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s National Hospital , Washington, DC
| | - Vipula Kolli
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Andrew
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s National Hospital , Washington, DC
| | - Seth Berger
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research & Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital , Washington, DC
| | - Tricia Bhatti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA
| | - Alison M Boyce
- Metabolic Bone Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Daniel Casella
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's National Hospital , Washington, DC
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Emmanuèle Délot
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute and Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, George Washington University , Washington, D.C
| | | | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
| | - Thomas Kolon
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Perrin C White
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas TX
| | - Deborah P Merke
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center , Bethesda, MD
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s National Hospital , Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 I St. NW , Washington, DC
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12
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Diviccaro S, FitzGerald JA, Cioffi L, Falvo E, Crispie F, Cotter PD, O’Mahony SM, Giatti S, Caruso D, Melcangi RC. Gut Steroids and Microbiota: Effect of Gonadectomy and Sex. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060767. [PMID: 35740892 PMCID: PMC9220917 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids, derived mainly from gonads, can shape microbiota composition; however, the impact of gonadectomy and sex on steroid production in the gut (i.e., gut steroids), and its interaction with microbiota composition, needs to be clarified. In this study, steroid environment and gut steroidogenesis were analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and expression analyses. Gut microbiota composition as branched- and short-chain fatty acids were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and gas chromatography flame ionisation detection, respectively. Here, we first demonstrated that levels of pregnenolone (PREG), progesterone (PROG), and isoallopregnanolone (ISOALLO) were higher in the female rat colon, whereas the level of testosterone (T) was higher in males. Sexual dimorphism on gut steroidogenesis is also reported after gonadectomy. Sex, and more significantly, gonadectomy, affects microbiota composition. We noted that a number of taxa and inferred metabolic pathways were associated with gut steroids, such as positive associations between Blautia with T, dihydroprogesterone (DHP), and allopregnanolone (ALLO), whereas negative associations were noted between Roseburia and T, ALLO, PREG, ISOALLO, DHP, and PROG. In conclusion, this study highlights the novel sex-specific association between microbiota and gut steroids with possible relevance for the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Diviccaro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.F.); (S.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Jamie A. FitzGerald
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.A.F.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Lucia Cioffi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.F.); (S.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Eva Falvo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.F.); (S.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.A.F.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland; (J.A.F.); (F.C.); (P.D.C.)
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Siobhain M. O’Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, College Road, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.F.); (S.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.F.); (S.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (L.C.); (E.F.); (S.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wang Z, Song Y, Sun S, Zhao C, Fu S, Xia C, Bai Y. Metabolite Comparison between Serum and Follicular Fluid of Dairy Cows with Inactive Ovaries Postpartum. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030285. [PMID: 35158609 PMCID: PMC8833624 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the milk production of dairy cows has increased rapidly in recent decades, the reproductive performance of dairy cows has gradually declined. In modern intensive dairy farms, prevention and treatment of inactive ovaries has become an important challenge of reproduction disorders during early lactation. Our aim is to screen out metabolites and metabolic pathways related to inactive ovaries through serum and follicular fluid metabolomics. We found that the changes in serum and follicular fluid were mainly enriched in nine metabolic pathways. In serum, these included d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartic and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. In follicular fluid, they were valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; arachidonic acid metabolism; glycerophospholipid metabolism; starch and sucrose metabolism; phenylalanine metabolism; and pentose and glucuronate interconversion. The common metabolic pathways of disease-related serum and follicular fluid were pentose and glucuronate interconversions and glycerophospholipid metabolism. This research will provide a theoretical basis for exploring the causes of inactive ovaries and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of inactive ovaries in the future. Abstract Inactive ovaries (IO) accounts for 50% of ovarian disease in postpartum dairy cows, which seriously affects their reproductive efficiency. To investigate the metabolic changes in the serum and follicular fluid of dairy cows with IO during lactation, six estrus (E) cows and six IO cows at 50 to 55 days in milk were selected based on B ultrasonic detection and clinical manifestations. The differential metabolites in serum and follicular fluid between the E cows and IO cows were identified by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, combined with multidimensional statistical methods. The results showed that dairy cows with IO were in a subclinical ketosis status where beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exceeded 1.20 mmol/L, 14 differential metabolites in the serum of IO cows included 10 increased metabolites and 4 decreased metabolites, and 14 differential metabolites in the follicular fluid of IO cows included 8 increased metabolites and 6 decreased metabolites. These differential metabolites mainly involved nine metabolic pathways. The common enrichment pathway of different metabolites in serum and follicular fluid were glycerophospholipid metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the differential metabolites and enrichment pathways between serum and follicular fluid of IO cows, implying that there were complex changes in blood metabolism and local follicular metabolism of IO cows, whose interactions need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Yuxi Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Shuhan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
| | - Shixin Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Cheng Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for The Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing 163319, China
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yunlong Bai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (S.S.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (C.X.); (Y.B.)
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14
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Fernández Sánchez M, Višnová H, Larsson P, Yding Andersen C, Filicori M, Blockeel C, Pinborg A, Khalaf Y, Mannaerts B. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1161-1174. [PMID: 35451013 PMCID: PMC9156848 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION SUMMARY ANSWER WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE DATE OF FIRST PATIENT’S ENROLMENT
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Fernández Sánchez
- IVI-RMA Seville, Seville, Spain
- Departament of Surgery, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Fundacion IVI, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Per Larsson
- Global Biometrics, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Copenhagen University Hospital and Faculty of Health Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christophe Blockeel
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yacoub Khalaf
- Assisted Conception Unit, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bernadette Mannaerts
- Correspondence address. Reproductive Medicine & Maternal Health, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Amager Strandvej 405, 2770 Kastrup, Denmark. E-mail:
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15
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A Prepubertal Mice Model to Study the Growth Pattern of Early Ovarian Follicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105130. [PMID: 34066233 PMCID: PMC8151218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early folliculogenesis begins with the activation of the follicle and ends with the formation of the follicular antrum, which takes up most of the time of folliculogenesis. In this long process, follicles complete a series of developmental events, including but not limited to granulosa cell (GC) proliferation, theca folliculi formation, and antrum formation. However, the logical or temporal sequence of these events is not entirely clear. This study demonstrated in a mouse model that completion of early folliculogenesis required a minimum of two weeks. The oocyte reached its largest size in the Type 4–5 stage, which was therefore considered as the optimum period for studying oogenesis. Postnatal days (PD) 10–12 were regarded as the crucial stage of theca folliculi formation, as Lhcgr sharply increased during this stage. PD13–15 was the rapid growth period of early follicles, which was characterized by rapid cell proliferation, the sudden emergence of the antrum, and increased Fshr expression. The ovarian morphology remained stable during PD15–21, but antrum follicles accumulated gradually. Atresia occurred at all stages, with the lowest rate in Type 3 follicles and no differences among early Type 4–6 follicles. The earliest vaginal opening was observed at PD24, almost immediately after the first growing follicular wave. Therefore, the period of PD22–23 could be considered as a suitable period for studying puberty initiation. This study objectively revealed the pattern of early folliculogenesis and provided time windows for the study of biological events in this process.
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16
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Yu L, Wang L, Tao W, Zhang W, Yang S, Wang J, Fei J, Peng R, Wu Y, Zhen X, Shao H, Gu W, Li R, Wu BL, Wang H. LHCGR and ALMS1 defects likely cooperate in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome indicated by double-mutant mice. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:384-395. [PMID: 34147365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with evidence of polygenetic components, and obesity may be a risk factor for hyperandrogenism. Previous studies have shown that LHCGR is enriched in the ovary and LHCGR deficiency causes infertility without typical PCOS phenotypes. ALMS1 is implicated in obesity and hyperandrogenism, the common phenotypes among PCOS patients. Through whole-exome sequencing of 22 PCOS families and targeted candidate gene sequencing of additional 65 sporadic PCOS patients, we identified potential causative mutations in LHCGR and ALMS1 in a sibling-pair PCOS family and three sporadic PCOS patients. The expression of LHCGRL638P in granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) cells promoted cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and granulosa cell proliferation, indicating that LHCGRL638P is an activating mutation. LhcgrL642P/L642P mice showed an irregular estrous cycle, reduced follicles with dynamic folliculogenesis, and increased testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone. Lhcgr+/L642PAlms1+/PB mice displayed increased T and E2 but decreased late secondary and preovulatory follicles. We showed that activating mutation of LHCGR likely plays important roles in the pathophysiology of PCOS involving abnormal reproductive physiology, whereas ALMS1 deficiency may promote anovulatory infertility via elevated androgens, suggesting that the disturbed LHCGR and ALMS1 cooperatively induce PCOS phenotypes, characterized as anovulation and hyperandrogenemia frequently observed in PCOS patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital, Institutes of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wufan Tao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China; Institute of Developmental Biology & Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenxiang Zhang
- Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; Reproductive Medicine Centre, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shuanghao Yang
- Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jia Fei
- Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; Zhongke Genetics and Reproductive Medicine Institute, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital, Institutes of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong Shao
- Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA; Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bai-Lin Wu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Children's Hospital, Institutes of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Boston Children's Hospital and NGS collaboration, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115, USA.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Children's Hospital, Institutes of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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17
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Leslie CE, Walkowski W, Rosencrans RF, Gordon WC, Bazan NG, Ryan MJ, Farris HE. Estrogenic Modulation of Retinal Sensitivity in Reproductive Female Túngara Frogs. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:231-239. [PMID: 33901287 PMCID: PMC8300951 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mate searching behavior in female túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus) is nocturnal and largely mediated by acoustic cues, male signaling includes visual cues produced by the vocal sac. To compensate for these low light conditions, visual sensitivity in females is modulated when they are in a reproductive state, as retinal thresholds are decreased. This study tested whether estradiol (E2) plays a role in this modulation. Female túngara frogs were injected with either human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or a combination of hCG and fadrozole. hCG induces a reproductive state and increases retinal sensitivity, while fadrozole is an aromatase inhibitor that blocks hCG-induced E2 synthesis. In an analysis of scotopic electroretinograms (ERGs), hCG treatment lowered the threshold for eliciting a b-wave response, whereas the addition of fadrozole abolished this effect, matching thresholds in non-reproductive saline-injected controls. This suggests that blocking E2 synthesis blocked the hCG-mediated reproductive modulation of retinal sensitivity. By implicating E2 in control of retinal sensitivity, our data add to growing evidence that the targets of gonadal steroid feedback loops include sensory receptor organs, where stimulus sensitivity may be modulated, rather than more central brain nuclei, where modulation may affect mechanisms involved in motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Leslie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Whitney Walkowski
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Robert F Rosencrans
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William C Gordon
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hamilton E Farris
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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18
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Navin AK, Aruldhas MM, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Mani K, Michael FM, Srinivasan N, Banu SK. Prenatal exposure to hexavalent chromium disrupts testicular steroidogenic pathway in peripubertal F 1 rats. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:63-73. [PMID: 33675932 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reported sub-fertility in F1 progeny rats with gestational exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which had disrupted Sertoli cell (SC) structure and function, and decreased testosterone (T). However, the underlying mechanism for reduced T remains to be understood. We tested the hypothesis "transient prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) affects testicular steroidogenesis by altering hormone receptors and steroidogenic enzyme proteins in Leydig cells (LCs)." Pregnant Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 50, 100, and 200 mg/L potassium dichromate during gestational days 9-14, encompassing fetal differentiation window of the testis from the bipotential gonad. F1 male rats were euthanized on postnatal day 60 (peripubertal rats with adult-type LCs alone). Results showed that prenatal exposure to Cr(VI): (i) increased accumulation of Cr(III) in the testis of F1 rats; (ii) increased serum levels of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones (LH and FSH), and 17β estradiol, and decreased prolactin and T; (iii) decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 11A1, cytochrome P450 17A1, 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, cytochrome P450 aromatase and 5α reductase proteins, (iv) decreased specific activities of 3β and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases; (v) decreased receptors of LH, androgen and estrogen in LCs; (vi) decreased 5α reductase and receptor proteins of FSH, androgen, and estrogen in SCs. The current study concludes that prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) disrupts testicular steroidogenesis in F1 progeny by repressing hormone receptors and key proteins of the steroidogenic pathway in LCs and SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Navin
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU-4458, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mariajoseph Michael Aruldhas
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shobana Navaneethabalakrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathireshkumar Mani
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Felicia Mary Michael
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narasimhan Srinivasan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU-4458, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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19
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Mey M, Bhatta S, Casadesus G. Luteinizing hormone and the aging brain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:89-104. [PMID: 33706966 PMCID: PMC9853463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in luteinizing hormone (LH) release contribute to the development and maintenance of the reproductive system and become dysregulated during aging. Of note, increasing evidence supports extra-gonadal roles for LH within the CNS, particularly as it relates to cognition and plasticity in aging and age-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite increasing evidence that supports a link between this hormone and CNS function, the mechanisms underlying LH action within the brain and how they influence cognition and plasticity during the lifespan is poorly understood and, in fact, often in conflict. This chapter aims to provide an up-to-date review of the literature addressing the role of LH signaling in the context of CNS aging and disease and put forward a unifying hypothesis that may explain currently conflicting theories regarding the role of LHCGR signaling in CNS function and dysfunction in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Mey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kent State University, Cunningham Hall, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Sabina Bhatta
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kent State University, Cunningham Hall, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Cunningham Hall, Kent, OH, United States,Corresponding author: ;
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20
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Liu G, Zeng M, Li X, Rong Y, Hu Z, Zhang H, Liu X. Expression and analysis of ESR1, IGF-1, FSH, VLDLR, LRP, LH, PRLR genes in Pekin duck and Black Muscovy duck. Gene 2020; 769:145183. [PMID: 33007371 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of egg-laying regulatory genes on egg production in ducks at different laying stages, Pekin duck and Black Muscovy duck were used in this study, including early laying stage (20-30 weeks old), peak laying period (31-48 weeks old) and late laying stage (49-66 weeks old). Relative quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA transcription level of selected egg-laying regulatory genes in the ovary tissues of ducks at different laying stages. Study shows: during the laying period of Pekin duck, ESR1, LRP1, IGF-1 and LHR were involved in the regulation of egg-laying, and the high expression of LRP1 in the late stage could inhibit egg production. Still, the expression products of the other three genes showed promoting effect. During the laying period of Black Muscovy duck, FSH, VLDLR, IGF-1, PRLR, LHR and LRP1 participated in the regulation of egg-laying, in which the expression products of the first five genes could promote egg production, while LRP1 showed inhibitory effect. Through our experiments, these data will provide strong theoretical support for the breeding of Pekin duck and Black Muscovy duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Mingfei Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xingxing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Rong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huilin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China.
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21
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Regulation of Female Folliculogenesis by Tsp1a in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165893. [PMID: 32824362 PMCID: PMC7460569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TSP1 was reported to be involved in multiple biological processes including the activation of TGF-β signaling pathways and the regulation of angiogenesis during wound repair and tumor growth, while its role in ovarian folliculogenesis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, Tsp1a was found to be expressed in the oogonia and granulosa cells of phase I to phase IV follicles in the ovaries of Nile tilapia by immunofluorescence. tsp1a homozygous mutants were generated by CRISPR/Cas9. Mutation of tsp1a resulted in increased oogonia, reduced secondary growth follicles and delayed ovary development. Expression of the cell proliferation marker PCNA was significantly up-regulated in the oogonia of the mutant ovaries. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that expressions of DNA replication related genes were significantly up-regulated, while cAMP and MAPK signaling pathway genes which inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell differentiation were significantly down-regulated. In addition, aromatase (Cyp19a1a) expression and serum 17β-estradiol (E2) concentration were significantly decreased in the mutants. These results indicated that lacking tsp1a resulted in increased proliferation and inhibited differentiation of oogonia, which in turn, resulted in increased oogonia, reduced secondary growth follicles and decreased E2. Taken together, our results indicated that tsp1a was essential for ovarian folliculogenesis in Nile tilapia.
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22
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Nguyen XP, Nakamura T, Osuka S, Bayasula B, Nakanishi N, Kasahara Y, Muraoka A, Hayashi S, Nagai T, Murase T, Goto M, Iwase A, Kikkawa F. Effect of the neuropeptide phoenixin and its receptor GPR173 during folliculogenesis. Reproduction 2020; 158:25-34. [PMID: 30933929 DOI: 10.1530/rep-19-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is a complex process, defined by the growth and development of follicles from the primordial population. Granulosa cells (GCs) play a vital role in every stage of follicular growth through proliferation, acquisition of gonadotropic responsiveness, steroidogenesis and production of autocrine/paracrine factors. A recently discovered hypothalamic neuropeptide phoenixin is involved in the regulation of the reproductive system. Phoenixin acts through its receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 173 (GPR173), to activate the cAMP/PKA pathway leading to the phosphorylation of CREB (pCREB). Here, we demonstrated the expression patterns of phoenixin and GPR173 in human ovary and explored its role in folliculogenesis. Phoenixin and GPR173 were both expressed in the human ovarian follicle, with increased expression in GCs as the follicle grows. Phoenixin treatment at 100 nM for 24 h induced the proliferation of human non-luteinized granulosa cell line, HGrC1 and significantly increased the expression levels of CYP19A1, FSHR, LHR and KITL, but decreased NPPC expression levels. These effects were suppressed by GPR173 siRNA. The expression level of CREB1, pCREB and estradiol (E2) production in the culture medium was significantly enhanced by phoenixin treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. Phoenixin also significantly increased the follicular area in a murine ovarian tissue culture model, leading to an increased number of ovulated oocytes with a higher level of maturation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that phoenixin is an intraovarian factor that promotes follicular growth through its receptor GPR173 by accelerating proliferation of GCs, inducing E2 production and increasing the expression of genes related to follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Phuoc Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Maternal and Perinatal Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Bayasula Bayasula
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natsuki Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Kasahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Muraoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shotaro Hayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Murase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kikkawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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23
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Bildik G, Akin N, Esmaeilian Y, Hela F, Yakin K, Onder T, Urman B, Oktem O. hCG Improves Luteal Function and Promotes Progesterone Output through the Activation of JNK Pathway in the Luteal Granulosa Cells of the Stimulated IVF Cycles†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:1270-1280. [PMID: 32163131 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a luteotropic hormone that promotes the survival and steroidogenic activity of corpus luteum (CL) by acting through luteinizing hormone receptors (LHRs) expressed on luteinized theca and granulosa cells (GCs). Therefore, it is used to support luteal phase in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles to improve clinical pregnancy rates and prevent miscarriage. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this action of hCG is not well characterized. To address this question, we designed an in vitro translational research study on the luteal GCs obtained from 58 IVF patients. hCG treatment at different concentrations and time points activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and significantly increased its endogenous kinase activity along with upregulated expression of steroidogenic enzymes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (stAR), 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD)) in a dose-dependent manner in the luteal GCs. As a result, in vitro P production of the cells was significantly enhanced after hCG. When JNK pathway was inhibited pharmacologically or knocked-down with small interfering RNA luteal function was compromised, P4 production was declined along with the expression of stAR and 3β-HSD in the cells. Further, hCG treatment after JNK inhibition failed to correct the luteal defect and promote P4 output. Similar to hCG, luteinizing hormone (LH) treatment improved luteal function as well and this action of LH was associated with JNK activation in the luteal GCs. These findings could be important from the perspective of CL biology and luteal phase in human because we for the first time identify a critical role for JNK signaling pathway downstream LHR activation by hCG/LH in luteal GCs. SUMMARY SENTENCE JNK signaling pathway plays a central role in the upregulated expression of the steroidogenic enzymes StAR and 3b-HSD and augmented progesterone production by hCG/LH in human luteal granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Bildik
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Akin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yashar Esmaeilian
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesko Hela
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kayhan Yakin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tamer Onder
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Urman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Oktem
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Leslie CE, Rosencrans RF, Walkowski W, Gordon WC, Bazan NG, Ryan MJ, Farris HE. Reproductive State Modulates Retinal Sensitivity to Light in Female Túngara Frogs. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:293. [PMID: 32076402 PMCID: PMC6985269 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual cues are often a vital part of animal communication and courtship. While a plethora of studies have focused on the role that hormones play in acoustic communication of anurans, relatively few have explored hormonal modulation of vision in these animals. Much of what we do know comes from behavioral studies, which show that a frog’s hormonal state can significantly affect both its visual behavior and mating decisions. However, to fully understand how frogs use visual cues to make these mating decisions, we must first understand how their visual system processes these cues, and how hormones affect these processes. To do this, we performed electroretinograms (ERGs) to measure retinal sensitivity of túngara frogs (Physalaemus pustulosus), a neotropical species whose mating behavior includes previously described visual cues. To determine the effect of hormonal state on visual sensitivity, ERGs were recorded under scotopic and photopic conditions in frogs that were either non-reproductive or hormone-treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prior to testing. Additionally, measurements of optical anatomy determined how túngara frog eye and retina morphology related to physiological sensitivity. As expected, we found that both sexes display higher visual sensitivity under scotopic conditions compared to photopic conditions. However, hormone injections significantly increased retinal sensitivity of females under scotopic conditions. These results support the hypothesis that hormonal modulation of neural mechanisms, such as those mediating visually guided reproductive behavior in this species, include modulation of the receptor organ: the retina. Thus, our data serve as a starting point for elucidating the mechanism of hormonal modulation of visual sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Leslie
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Robert F Rosencrans
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Whitney Walkowski
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - William C Gordon
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Hamilton E Farris
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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25
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Liu Q, Yu W, Fan S, Zhuang H, Han Y, Zhang H, Yuan Z, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors, 5α-reductases and P450arom in the epididymis of the male muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 194:105433. [PMID: 31376460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormones not only exert various endocrine functions but also act as the autocrine or paracrine factors in different tissues of mammals. In the present study, the seasonal expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ), aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) and 5α-reductase 1, 2 were investigated in the epididymis of the muskrat. HE staining showed enlarged lumen and abundant sperm in the breeding season while reduced lumen with no sperm in the non-breeding season. The staining of AR was presented in nuclei of epithelial cells of the epididymis in both seasons. The immunostaining of ERα was localized in both nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the epididymis during the breeding season, while the weak staining of ERα was only in the nuclei of epithelial cells during the non-breeding season. In contrast, ERβ signal was negative in the epididymis of the muskrat in both seasons. The positive signals for P450arom and 5α-reductase 1, 2 were found in the cytoplasm of epithelial and smooth muscle cells during both seasons. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expression levels of AR, ERα, P450arom and 5α-reductase 1, 2 were significantly higher in the epididymis during the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season, and the expression level of 5α-reductase 1 was higher when compared with 5α-reductase 2. In addition, the levels of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the epididymis and serum were remarkably higher during the breeding season. Taken together, these findings suggested androgen and estrogen might play an important endocrine or autocrine/paracrine role to regulate the epididymal functions of the muskrat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenyang Yu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sijie Fan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haotong Zhuang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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26
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Meng X, Li X, Xu X, Li P, Chen Y, Fu X, Xu X. Elevated luteinizing hormone contributes to atherosclerosis formation by inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis via PI3K/Akt pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 121:106582. [PMID: 31437529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.106582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contentious effects of estrogen therapy on the risk of postmenopausal cardiovascular disease (CVD) indicate that this type of atherosclerosis is not solely induced by estrogen deficiency. Other sex hormones such as elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) may also affect CVD risk in this population. We therefore explored the relationship between LH and atherosclerosis in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. METHODS Aortic atherosclerotic lesions were assessed in OVX ApoE knock out (ApoE-/-) female mice administered with LH. Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured as cell model. The influence of LH on NO release, phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Akt levels were evaluated. Immunoprecipitation and lentiviral particle transfection were applied to assess the role of Gαq on PI3K activity. RESULTS LH increased the atherosclerotic lesion area and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in OVX ApoE-/- female mice. High levels of LH attenuated vasodilation induced by Ach and inhibited NO release from HUVECs. These effects were related to the findings that LH enhanced interaction between Gαq and p110α, which subsequently inhibited PI3K activity and suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS. CONCLUSIONS Elevated LH promotes atherosclerosis formation in OVX ApoE-/- female mice. This effect may be mediated by inhibiting endothelial NO synthesis via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Meng
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaosa Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xingyan Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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27
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Blair JA, Bhatta S, Casadesus G. CNS luteinizing hormone receptor activation rescues ovariectomy-related loss of spatial memory and neuronal plasticity. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:111-120. [PMID: 30925299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovariectomy (OVX), a menopause model, leads to cognition and neuronal plasticity deficits that are rescued by estrogen administration or downregulation of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH). LH is present in the brain. However, whether LH levels differ across brain regions, change across reproductive stages, or whether brain-specific LHR signaling play a role in OVX-related cognitive and neuroplasticity losses is completely unknown. To address this, we measured brain LH in cycling and OVX C57Bl/6 across brain regions and determined whether OVX-related functional and plasticity deficits could be rescued by intracerebroventricular administration of the LHR agonist (hCG). Here, we show that while pituitary LH is increased in OVX, brain LH is decreased, primarily in spatial memory and navigation areas. Furthermore, intracerebroventricular hCG delivery after OVX rescued dendritic spine density and spatial memory. In vitro, we show that hCG increased neurite outgrowth in primary hippocampal neurons in a receptor-specific manner. Taken together, our data suggest that loss of brain LH signaling is involved in cognitive and plasticity losses associated with OVX and loss of ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Blair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Sabina Bhatta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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28
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Wang J, Liu Q, Qi H, Wang Y, Gao Q, Gao F, Zhang H, Han Y, Yuan Z, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of androgen receptor, P450arom and estrogen receptors in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 270:131-138. [PMID: 30539793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrel. Histologically, the epididymis was with larger duct diameter and cell population during the breeding season. AR was presented in the peritubular smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells in the whole epididymis with stronger staining in the breeding period. P450arom was intensely localized in epithelial cells and spermatozoa during the breeding season, absent in the non-breeding season and moderately stained in pre-hibernation. During the breeding season, ERα was intensely expressed in epithelial cytoplasm and/or nucleus, whereas in the non-breeding season and pre-hibernation, weaker staining signal was found in nucleus of epithelial cells. ERβ was absent in the entire annual cycle by immunohistochemical and Real-time PCR detection. The mRNA levels of AR, P450arom and ERα were higher in the epididymis of the breeding season when compared to those of the non-breeding season and pre-hibernation. Taken together, these results suggest that epididymis of the wild ground squirrel is a primary target for androgen and estrogen, and the expression of P450arom represents that epididymis may be a potential source of estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Qiong Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fuli Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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29
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Szymańska K, Kałafut J, Rivero-Müller A. The gonadotropin system, lessons from animal models and clinical cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:561-587. [PMID: 30264954 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4784.18.04307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review article centers upon family of gonadotropin hormones which consists of two pituitary hormones - follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as one non-pituitary hormone - human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secreted by placenta, and their receptors. Gonadotropins play an essential role in proper sexual development, puberty, gametogenesis, maintenance of pregnancy and male sexual differentiation during the fetal development. They belong to the family of glycoprotein hormones thus they constitute heterodimeric proteins built of common α subunit and hormone-specific β-subunit. Hitherto, several mutations in genes encoding both gonadotropins and their receptors have been identified in humans. Their occurrence resulted in a number of different phenotypes including delayed puberty, primary amenorrhea, hermaphroditism, infertility and hypogonadism. In order to understand the effects of mutations on the phenotype observed in affected patients, detailed molecular studies are required to map the relationship between the structure and function of gonadotropins and their receptors. Nonetheless, in vitro assays are often insufficient to understand physiology. Therefore, several animal models have been developed to unravel the physiological roles of gonadotropins and their receptors.
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Kaprara A, Huhtaniemi IT. The hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis: Tales of mice and men. Metabolism 2018; 86:3-17. [PMID: 29223677 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a central role in this axis through production of GnRH, which binds to a membrane receptor on pituitary gonadotrophs and stimulates the biosynthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Multiple factors affect GnRH neuron migration, GnRH gene expression, GnRH pulse generator, GnRH secretion, GnRH receptor expression, and gonadotropin synthesis and release. Among them anosmin is involved in the guidance of the GnRH neuron migration, and a loss-of-function mutation in its gene leads to a failure of their migration from the olfactory placode to the hypothalamus, with consequent anosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (Kallmann syndrome). There are also cases of hypogonadotropic hypogonadim with normal sense of smell, due to mutations of other genes. Another protein, kisspeptin plays a crucial role in the regulation of GnRH pulse generator and the pubertal development. GnRH is the main hypothalamic regulator of the release of gonadotropins. Finally, FSH and LH are the essential hormonal regulators of testicular functions, acting through their receptors in Sertoli and Leydig cells, respectively. The main features of the male HPG axis will be described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Kaprara
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Zhu K, Li S, Liu J, Hong Y, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Role of RAB5A in FSHR-mediated signal transduction in human granulosa cells. Reproduction 2018; 155:505-514. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome, a common condition characterized by endocrine dysfunction, menstrual irregularity, anovulation and polycystic ovaries, affects 5–7% of reproductive-age women. RAB5B, which is identified by a genome-wide association study as a risk locus for this syndrome, encodes a small GTPase involved in control of receptor internalization and early endosome fusion. We found that RAB5A mRNA levels in luteinized granulosa cells of obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome were lower than in those of obese women without the syndrome. RAB5A regulated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-mediated translocation of the FSH receptor (FSHR) from the membrane to the cytoplasm and the subsequent FSH–FSHR signaling pathway. We showed that RAB5A negatively regulated aromatase expression and estradiol synthesis in human granulosa cells in association with changes in FSHR levels by way of the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. The regulation of FSHR by RAB5A may have been associated with two transcription factors, USF1 and USF2. In conclusion, RAB5A gene was abnormally expressed in luteinized granulosa cells of obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, which may help explain high FSHR levels found in this syndrome.
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André GM, Martins Trevisan C, Pedruzzi IN, Fernandes RFM, Oliveira R, Christofolini DM, Bianco B, Barbosa CP. The Impact of FSHR Gene Polymorphisms Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser in the Endometriosis Development. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:584-591. [PMID: 29683332 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that affects a large number of women in reproductive age. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a role in steroidogenesis and acts through a transmembrane glycoprotein, FSH receptor (FSHR). Polymorphisms in FSHR gene were previously associated with variability in FSH serum level and reproductive outcomes, but its relation with endometriosis has not been clarified and demonstrated conflicting results, ranging from strong links to no association to endometriosis. Inspired by these findings, we aimed to investigate the influence of FSHR Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser polymorphisms in the risk of endometriosis development and/or progression and the status of fertility in 352 women with endometriosis and 510 fertile controls. Single-marker analysis revealed no significant difference for both Ala307Thr and Asn680Ser polymorphisms between overall endometriosis and control group. However, when the endometriosis group was subdivided according to fertility status and disease stage, a positive association was found between 680Ser/Ser or GG genotype of the Asn680Ser polymorphism and fertile women with endometriosis (p = 0.004). Combined alleles of FSHR polymorphisms revealed that "GG/307Ala680Ser" was more frequently found in fertile women with endometriosis (haplotype frequency of 45.4% in fertile women with endometriosis and 38.3% in controls, p = 0.041). The combined alleles of FSHR polymorphisms disclosed that "GG/307Ala680Ser" was more frequently found in fertile women with endometriosis (haplotype frequency of 45.4% in fertile women with endometriosis and 38.3% in controls, p = 0.049), while "GA/307Ala680Asn" haplotype was less frequently found in endometriosis group (haplotype frequency of 6.5% in cases and 11.9% in controls, p = < 0.001), regardless of fertility status and stage of the disease. The findings suggest that 680Ser-Ser/GG genotype and "GG/307Ala680Ser" haplotype increase the risk of endometriosis in fertile women, while "GA/307Ala680Asn" haplotype decreases the risk of endometriosis development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Mendonça André
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Isabela Nacione Pedruzzi
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Ramon Felix Martins Fernandes
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center , Santo André, Brazil
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Bhatta S, Blair JA, Casadesus G. Luteinizing Hormone Involvement in Aging Female Cognition: Not All Is Estrogen Loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30319538 PMCID: PMC6165885 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pervasive age-related dysfunction in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is associated with cognitive impairments in aging as well as pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as the Alzheimer's disease (AD). As a major regulator of the HPG axis, the steroid hormone estrogen has been widely studied for its role in regulation of memory. Although estrogen modulates both cognition as well as cognition associated morphological components in a healthy state, the benefits of estrogen replacement therapy on cognition and disease seem to diminish with advancing age. Emerging data suggests an important role for luteinizing hormone (LH) in CNS function, which is another component of the HPG axis that becomes dysregulated during aging, particularly in menopause. The goal of this review is to highlight the current existing literature on LH and provide new insights on possible mechanisms of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Bhatta
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Blair
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Gemma Casadesus
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Arianmanesh M, Moosavi S, Ganji H, Ramezanikhah H. Human chorionic gonadotropin in vitro: Effects on rat sperm motility and fertilization outcome. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.241206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Szymańska K, Kałafut J, Przybyszewska A, Paziewska B, Adamczuk G, Kiełbus M, Rivero-Müller A. FSHR Trans-Activation and Oligomerization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:760. [PMID: 30619090 PMCID: PMC6301190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a key role in human reproduction through, among others, induction of spermatogenesis in men and production of estrogen in women. The function FSH is performed upon binding to its cognate receptor-follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expressed on the surface of target cells (granulosa and Sertoli cells). FSHR belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a family of receptors distinguished by the presence of various signaling pathway activation as well as formation of cross-talking aggregates. Until recently, it was claimed that the FSHR occurred naturally as a monomer, however, the crystal structure as well as experimental evidence have shown that FSHR both self-associates and forms heterodimers with the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor-LHCGR. The tremendous gain of knowledge is also visible on the subject of receptor activation. It was once thought that activation occurs only as a result of ligand binding to a particular receptor, however there is mounting evidence of trans-activation as well as biased signaling between GPCRs. Herein, we describe the mechanisms of aforementioned phenomena as well as briefly describe important experiments that contributed to their better understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Szymańska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Paziewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Adamczuk
- Independent Medical Biology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Adolfo Rivero-Müller ;
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Xie Y, Chu L, Liu Y, Sham KWY, Li J, Cheng CHK. The highly overlapping actions of Lh signaling and Fsh signaling on zebrafish spermatogenesis. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:233-246. [PMID: 28611209 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin signaling plays a pivotal role in the spermatogenesis of vertebrates, but exactly how gonadotropins regulate the process in non-mammalian species remains elusive. Using a gene knockout approach in zebrafish, we have previously demonstrated the non-canonical action of gonadotropin signaling on spermatogenesis by analyzing four single mutant lines (lhb, lhr, fshb and fshr) and three double mutant lines (lhb;fshb, lhr;fshr and fshb;lhr). In this study, we further investigated the actions of gonadotropins on the testis by establishing three other double-mutant zebrafish lines (lhb;lhr, fshb;fshr and lhb;fshr). All lhb;lhr and fshb;fshr mutant males were fertile. Analysis on the gonadosomatic index and testicular histology in these lhb;lhr and fshb;fshr mutants demonstrated that Lh signaling and Fsh signaling could functionally compensate each other in the testis. Intriguingly, it was found that the lhb;fshr mutant male fish were also morphologically and histologically normal and functionally fertile, a phenomenon which could be explained by the cross-activation of Lhr by Fsh. We have demonstrated this cross-reactivity for the first time in zebrafish. Fsh was shown to activate Lhr using three different assay systems, in which Lh-Fshr activation was also confirmed. Taken together, we conclude that the action of Lh signaling and Fsh signaling is redundant in that either alone can support zebrafish spermatogenesis based on two observations. First, that either Lh signaling or Fsh signaling alone is sufficient to support male fertility. Second, that the two gonadotropin ligands could promiscuously activate both receptors. Apart from revealing the complexity of gonadotropin signaling in controlling male reproduction in zebrafish, this study also shed light toward a better understanding on the evolution of gonadotropin signaling in vertebrates from fish to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xie
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Lianhe Chu
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy W Y Sham
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianzhen Li
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- College of Life SciencesNorthwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Christopher H K Cheng
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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Gulappa T, Menon B, Menon KMJ. LHCGR Expression During Follicle Stimulating Hormone-Induced Follicle Growth Is Negatively Regulated by Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 5A. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2672-2679. [PMID: 28605466 PMCID: PMC5551546 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that the transient changes in the expression of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) messenger RNA (mRNA) during the ovarian cycle occurs, at least in part, through a posttranscriptional mechanism involving an LHCGR mRNA-binding protein (LRBP). Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), an LRBP-interacting protein, participates in this process. eIF5A undergoes hypusination, a unique posttranslational modification that is necessary for its functions. This study examined the role of eIF5A in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced LHCGR expression during follicular growth. Treatment of primary cultures of rat granulosa cells with FSH and 17β-estradiol (E2) showed a time-dependent increase in LHCGR mRNA expression. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous hypusination of eIF5A using N1-guanyl-1,7-diaminoheptane (GC7), a hypusination inhibitor, showed a greater increase in LHCGR mRNA expression over that produced by FSH and E2 alone. Further studies were carried out to determine the mechanism by which inhibition of hypusination of eIF5A causes an increase in LHCGR mRNA expression. Because LHCGR expression is negatively regulated by LRBP, the effect of inhibiting hypusination of eIF5A on LRBP expression was examined. The results showed a decrease in the expression of LRBP mRNA and protein when hypusination of eIF5A was inhibited by GC7. Because LRBP promotes LHCGR mRNA degradation, the results of this study support the notion that by inhibiting eIF5A hypusination, FSH reduces the expression of LRBP. This increases LHCGR mRNA expression by abrogating the inhibitory action of LRBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thippeswamy Gulappa
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Bindu Menon
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - K M J Menon
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Structure and Function of Peptide-Binding G Protein-Coupled Receptors. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2726-2745. [PMID: 28705763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface receptors and are important human drug targets. Of the 826 human GPCRs, 118 of them recognize endogenous peptide or protein ligands, and 30 of the 118 are targeted by approved drug molecules, including the very high-profile class B glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. In this review, we analyze the 21 experimentally determined three-dimensional structures of the known peptide-binding GPCRs in relation to the endogenous peptides and drug molecules that modulate their cell signaling processes. Our integrated analyses reveal that half of the marketed drugs and most of the drugs in clinical trials that interact with peptide GPCRs are small molecules with a wide range of binding modes distinct from those of large peptide ligands. As we continue to collect additional data on these receptors from orthogonal approaches, including nuclear magnetic resonance and electron microscopy, we are beginning to understand how these receptors interact with their ligands at the molecular level and how improving the pharmacology of GPCR signal transduction requires us to study these receptors using multiple biophysical techniques.
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Regan SLP, Knight PG, Yovich JL, Stanger JD, Leung Y, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A, Almahbobi G. Infertility and ovarian follicle reserve depletion are associated with dysregulation of the FSH and LH receptor density in human antral follicles. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:40-51. [PMID: 28188844 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The low take-home baby rate in older women in Australia (5.8%) undergoing IVF (5.8%) is linked to the depletion of the ovarian reserve of primordial follicles. Oocyte depletion causes an irreversible change to ovarian function. We found that the young patient FSH receptor and LH receptor expression profile on the granulosa cells collected from different size follicles were similar to the expression profile reported in natural cycles in women and sheep. This was reversed in the older patients with poor ovarian reserve. The strong correlation of BMPR1B and FSH receptor density in the young was not present in the older women; whereas, the LH receptor and BMPR1B correlation was weak in the young but was strongly correlated in the older women. The reduced fertilisation and pregnancy rate was associated with a lower LH receptor density and a lack of essential down-regulation of the FSH and LH receptor. The mechanism regulating FSH and LH receptor expression appears to function independently, in vivo, from the dose of FSH gonadotrophin, rather than in response to it. Restoring an optimum receptor density may improve oocyte quality and the pregnancy rate in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena L P Regan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Phil G Knight
- School of Biological Sciences, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6UB, UK
| | | | | | - Yee Leung
- Western Australian Gynaecologic Cancer Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ghanim Almahbobi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Xie M, Li M, Zhou J, Ding X, Shao Y, Jing J, Liu Y, Yao B. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes human granulosa-like tumor cell steroidogenesis and proliferation by activating the FSH receptor-mediated signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:180. [PMID: 28282971 PMCID: PMC5428030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and FSH receptor (FSHR) are expressed in ovarian granulosa cells, and play important roles in regulating follicle growth and oocyte maturation. Studies have linked the BDNF-associated signaling pathway to FSHR mRNA expression in the regulation of follicle development, but the mechanisms remain unknown. In the current study, we found that BDNF stimulated the secretion of estradiol and progesterone, and increased the proliferation of KGN cells (human granulosa-like tumor cell line). BDNF treatment also increased phosphorylated and ubiquitinated FSHR, and activated cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Moreover, inhibition of BDNF expression by siRNA markedly reduced the estradiol secretion and down-regulated FSHR, aromatase and phosphorylated CREB; meanwhile, FSH treatment partly alleviated the effects of BDNF siRNA on KGN cells. These findings suggested that BDNF modulates graunlosa cell functions and the action probably mediated by FSHR-coupled signaling pathway, to affect aromatase-mediated steroidogenesis. These results provide an alternative target to optimize ovarian granulosa cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Ding
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Shao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jing
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Medical College, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang H, Zhang F, Zhu M, Wang J, Sheng X, Yuan Z, Han Y, Watanabe G, Taya K, Weng Q. Seasonal expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor in the scented gland of the male muskrat ( Ondatra zibethicus). Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R569-R574. [PMID: 28228419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00506.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) may influence the functions of nongonadal tissues in addition to their classic target gonads. Our previous studies revealed that the scented glands of male muskrats expressed prolactin receptor, steroidogenic enzymes, and inhibin/activin subunits. To further seek the evidence of the activities of pituitary gonadotropins in scented glands, we investigated the seasonal expression patterns of FSH receptor (FSHR) and LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). The weight and size of scented glands during the breeding season were significantly higher than those during the nonbreeding season. Immunohistochemical studies showed that FSHR was present in the serous cells of scented glands, whereas LHCGR was present in the interstitial cells. The protein and mRNA expression levels of FSHR and LHCGR were significantly higher in the scented glands during the breeding season than those during the nonbreeding season. Importantly, the levels of circulating FSH and LH were remarkably higher during the breeding season. Taken together, these results suggested that gonadotropins may affect the function of muskrat scented gland via the locally expressed receptors in a season-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Fengwei Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Junjie Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xia Sheng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yingying Han
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qiang Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China; and
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Riccetti L, De Pascali F, Gilioli L, Potì F, Giva LB, Marino M, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Pagotto U, Simoni M, Casarini L. Human LH and hCG stimulate differently the early signalling pathways but result in equal testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:2. [PMID: 28056997 PMCID: PMC5217336 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-016-0224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones regulating development and reproductive functions by acting on the same receptor (LHCGR). We compared the LH and hCG activity in gonadal cells from male mouse in vitro, i.e. primary Leydig cells, which is a common tool used for gonadotropin bioassay. Murine Leydig cells are naturally expressing the murine LH receptor (mLhr), which binds human LH/hCG. METHODS Cultured Leydig cells were treated by increasing doses of recombinant LH and hCG, and cell signaling, gene expression and steroid synthesis were evaluated. RESULTS We found that hCG is about 10-fold more potent than LH in cAMP recruitment, and slightly but significantly more potent on cAMP-dependent Erk1/2 phosphorylation. However, no significant differences occur between LH and hCG treatments, measured as activation of downstream signals, such as Creb phosphorylation, Stard1 gene expression and testosterone synthesis. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the responses to human LH/hCG are only quantitatively and not qualitatively different in murine cells, at least in terms of cAMP and Erk1/2 activation, and equal in activating downstream steroidogenic events. This is at odds with what we previously described in human primary granulosa cells, where LHCGR mediates a different pattern of signaling cascades, depending on the natural ligand. This finding is relevant for gonadotropin quantification used in the official pharmacopoeia, which are based on murine, in vivo bioassay and rely on the evaluation of long-term, testosterone-dependent effects mediated by rodent receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco De Pascali
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Lisa Gilioli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Parma, via Voltuno 39/E, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Lavinia Beatrice Giva
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Marino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital. Alma Mater University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL. NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, NOCSAE, via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone orchestrate the reproduction cycle and regulate the sex steroid secretion from the gonads. In mammals, GnRH1 is secreted as a hormone from the hypothalamus, whereas both GnRH1 and GnRH2 are present as neurotransmitters/peptides in various tissues, where the peptides exert many different effects. mRNA coding for GnRH1 and GnRH2 have been described in the human gastrointestinal tract, and GnRH has been found in both submucosal and myenteric neurons. mRNA coding for GnRH and the fully expressed peptide have been found in rat enteric neurons by some researchers but not by others. mRNA coding for GnRH receptors, but not the fully expressed receptor, has been found in one rat study. GnRH influences gastrointestinal motility and secretion. GnRH analogs are clinically used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent diseases, i.e., endometriosis and malignancies, and as pretreatment for in vitro fertilization. Reduced numbers of enteric neurons and IgM antibodies against GnRH and progonadoliberin-2 (precursor of GnRH2) have been observed after such treatment, with the clinical picture of gastrointestinal dysmotility. Similarly, a rat model of enteric neurodegeneration has been developed after administration of the GnRH analog buserelin. Serum IgM antibodies against GnRH1, progonadoliberin-2, and GnRH receptors have been described in patients with signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility and/or autonomic dysfunction, such as irritable bowel syndrome, enteric dysmotility, diabetes mellitus, and primary Sjögren's syndrome. Thus, apart from regulation of reproduction and sex hormone secretion, GnRH also constitutes a part of enteric nervous system (ENS) and its functions during physiological and pathological conditions. This review aimed to describe the role of GnRH in the ENS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil Ohlsson
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Bodil Ohlsson,
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Borgbo T, Klučková H, Macek M, Chrudimska J, Kristensen SG, Hansen LL, Andersen CY. The Common Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Promoter Polymorphism FSHR -29G > A Affects Androgen Production in Normal Human Small Antral Follicles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017. [PMID: 28626448 PMCID: PMC5454067 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptors (FSHRs) are almost exclusively expressed on granulosa cells, and FSH action is probably most clearly reflected in intrafollicular hormone milieu of antral follicles. Little is known about the possible effects of the common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) FSHR -29G > A (rs1394205) on hormonal conditions in humsan small antral follicles (hSAFs) obtained from women in the natural menstrual cycle. This study investigated the follicle fluid (FF) concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone, estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone in hSAF in relation to the different genotypes of FSHR -29G > A. FF from 362 follicles was collected in 95 women undergoing fertility preservation, who did not suffer from a disease that directly affected ovarian function. The testosterone levels of the minor A/A genotype were significantly increased compared to the A/G and the G/G genotype. Furthermore, significantly reduced androstenedione levels were observed for the G/G genotype, as compared to the A/G genotype, while the other hormones did not show statistical significant differences. In conclusion, the androgen levels of hSAF were significantly elevated in the minor SNP genotype in the FSHR promoter polymorphism FSHR -29G > A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanni Borgbo
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hana Klučková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milan Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jana Chrudimska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Claus Yding Andersen,
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Mouse Models for the Study of Synthesis, Secretion, and Action of Pituitary Gonadotropins. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 143:49-84. [PMID: 27697204 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropins play fundamental roles in reproduction. More than 30years ago, Cga transgenic mice were generated, and more than 20years ago, the phenotypes of Cga null mice were reported. Since then, numerous mouse strains have been generated and characterized to address several questions in reproductive biology involving gonadotropin synthesis, secretion, and action. More recently, extragonadal expression, and in some cases, functions of gonadotropins in nongonadal tissues have been identified. Several genomic and proteomic approaches including novel mouse genome editing tools are available now. It is anticipated that these and other emerging technologies will be useful to build an integrated network of gonadotropin signaling pathways in various tissues. Undoubtedly, research on gonadotropins will continue to provide new knowledge and allow us transcend from benchside to the bedside.
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López-Doval S, Salgado R, Lafuente A. The expression of several reproductive hormone receptors can be modified by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in adult male rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:488-497. [PMID: 27151425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of several reproductive hormone receptors on the disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis activity induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The studied receptors are the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHr), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHr), and the androgen receptor (Ar). Adult male rats were orally treated with 1.0; 3.0 and 6.0 mg of PFOS kg(-1) d(-1) for 28 days. In general terms, PFOS can modify the relative gene and protein expressions of these receptors in several tissues of the reproductive axis. At the testicular level, apart from the expected inhibition of both gene and protein expressions of FSHr and Ar, PFOS also stimulates the GnRHr protein and the LHr gene expression. The receptors of the main hormones involved in the HPT axis may have an important role in the disruption exerted by PFOS on this axis.
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MESH Headings
- Alkanesulfonic Acids/chemistry
- Alkanesulfonic Acids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Fluorocarbons/chemistry
- Fluorocarbons/pharmacology
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Male
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Receptors, LHRH/genetics
- Receptors, LHRH/metabolism
- Reproduction/drug effects
- Testis/drug effects
- Testis/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S López-Doval
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - R Salgado
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - A Lafuente
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Sciences School, University of Vigo, Las Lagunas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Jia Y, Sun A, Meng Z, Liu B, Lei J. Molecular characterization and quantification of the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:179-191. [PMID: 26358315 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular cloning, characterization, and functional analysis of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in female turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were evaluated. Results showed that the full-length FSHR cDNA was 3824 bp long and contained a 2202 bp open reading frame that encoded a mature protein of 733 amino acids (aa) and a signal peptide of 18 aa. Multiple sequence analyses showed that turbot FSHR has high homology with the corresponding genes of other teleosts and significant homology with that of Hippoglossus hippoglossus. Turbot FSHR has the typical structural architecture of glycoprotein hormone receptors consisting of a large N-terminal extracellular domain, seven transmembrane domains and short C-terminal intracellular domain. FSHR mRNA was found to be abundant in the ovaries, but deficient in eyes, intestine, brain, muscle, gills, spleen, stomach, heart and kidney. Furthermore, FSHR mRNA was found to increase gradually from pre-vitellogenesis to migratory nucleus stages, with the highest values observed during the late vitellogenesis stage of the reproductive cycle. However, FSHR mRNA was found to decrease dramatically during the atresia stage. Meanwhile, functional analysis with HEK293T cells continual expressing FSHR demonstrated that FSHR was specifically stimulated by ovine FSH, but not ovine LH. These results indicate that turbot FSHR is mainly involved in the stimulation of vitellogenesis, regulation of oocyte maturation as well as promotion of ovarian development via specific ligand binding. These findings open doors to further investigation of physiological functions of FSHR, which will be valuable for fish reproduction and broodstock management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Sun
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilin Lei
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Overexpression of PRL7D1 in Leydig Cells Causes Male Reproductive Dysfunction in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010096. [PMID: 26771609 PMCID: PMC4730338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolactin family 7, subfamily d, member 1 (PRL7D1) is found in mouse placenta. Our recent work showed that PRL7D1 is also present in mouse testis Leydig cells, and the expression of PRL7D1 in the testis exhibits an age-related increase. In the present study, we generated transgenic mice with Leydig cell-specific PRL7D1 overexpression to explore its function during male reproduction. Prl7d1 male mice exhibited subfertility as reflected by reduced sperm counts and litter sizes. The testes from Prl7d1 transgenic mice appeared histologically normal, but the frequency of apoptotic germ cells was increased. Prl7d1 transgenic mice also had lower testosterone concentrations than wild-type mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Prl7d1 transgenic mice have defects in the testicular expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) and hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase cluster (HSD3B). Further studies revealed that PRL7D1 overexpression affected the expression of transferrin (TF) in Sertoli cells. These results suggest that PRL7D1 overexpression could lead to increased germ cell apoptosis and exert an inhibitory effect on testosterone production in Leydig cells by reducing the expression of certain steroidogenic-related genes. In addition, PRL7D1 appears to have important roles in the function of Sertoli cells, which, in turn, affects male fertility. We conclude that the expression level of PRL7D1 is associated with the reproductive function of male mice.
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Ohlsson B. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Its Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles in Relation to the Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Eur Surg Res 2016; 57:22-33. [DOI: 10.1159/000445717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) are involved in the reproductive cycle and regulate the secretion of sex steroids from the gonads. In mammals, GnRH1 is secreted as a hormone from the hypothalamus, whereas both GnRH1 and GnRH2 are present as neuropeptides in a variety of tissues. This review describes the role of GnRH in the gastrointestinal tract. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> GnRH1, GnRH2, and LH receptors in humans and rats, and GnRH receptors in rats, have been described in the gastrointestinal tract, where they affect motility, gastric and hormone secretion, and cell proliferation. GnRH analogs are clinically used in the treatment of sex hormone-dependent diseases, i.e., endometriosis and malignancies, and as pretreatments for in vitro fertilization. Severe gastrointestinal dysmotility has been shown to develop in some women after such treatment, along with a reduction in the number of enteric neurons and autoantibodies against GnRH. Consequently, a rat model of enteric neurodegeneration has been developed based on the administration of the GnRH analog buserelin. Serum IgM antibodies against GnRH1, the GnRH2 precursor progonadoliberin-2, and the GnRH receptor have also been described in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and dysmotility, as well as in patients with gastrointestinal disorders associated with diabetes mellitus, posterior laryngitis, and primary Sjögren's syndrome, although no treatments using GnRH analogs have been administered. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> GnRH and receptors for GnRH and LH are present in the human and rat gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with GnRH analogs may induce severe dysmotility, and a rat model of enteric neurodegeneration has been developed based on stimulation by the GnRH analog buserelin. Autoantibodies against GnRH and its receptor are found in a subgroup of patients with functional bowel disorders and dysmotility, independent of treatment with GnRH analogs.
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