1
|
Choi J, Rotter S, Ritz V, Kneuer C, Marx-Stoelting P, de Lourdes Marzo Solano M, Oertel A, Rudzok S, Ziková-Kloas A, Tralau T, Hensel A. Thresholds of adversity for endocrine disrupting substances: a conceptual case study. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2019-2045. [PMID: 38704806 PMCID: PMC11168997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
For endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) the existence of "safe exposure levels", that is exposure levels that do not present an appreciable risk to human health is most controversially discussed, as is the existence of health-based reference values. Concerns have been especially raised that EDCs might not possess a threshold level such that no exposure level to EDCs can be considered safe. To explore whether or not threshold levels can be identified, we performed a screening exercise on 14 pesticidal and biocidal active substances previously identified as EDCs in the European Union. The respective substances are ideal subjects for case studies to review for endocrine activity and disruptive potential following well-defined regulatory assessment based on solid data to effectually establish adversity as consequence of endocrine disruption. Dimethomorph, metiram and propiconazole for which the weight of evidence demonstrating endocrine disruption was the strongest were used as subjects for further study. Epoxiconazole was additionally selected as its effects on the endocrine system are extensive. For all four substances, analysis of the toxicological data clearly indicated thresholds of adversity below which no adverse effects mediated through an endocrine mechanism were observed. Particular emphasis was placed on mechanistic considerations including homeostasis and the concept of adversity. As a proof of concept this study provides evidence that like other substances of toxicological concern EDCs have threshold levels for adversity. While for some EDCs the respective thresholds might indeed be very low this shows that, data allowing, for other EDCs sufficiently protective reference values can be derived.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Choi
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rotter
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Ritz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Kneuer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Angelika Oertel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Rudzok
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ziková-Kloas
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hensel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Souza DND, Mounteer AH, Arcanjo GS. Estrogenic compounds in drinking water: A systematic review and risk analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142463. [PMID: 38821126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Estrogenic compounds are the endocrine disruptors that receive major attention because of their ability to imitate the natural female hormone, 17β-estradiol and cause adverse effects on the reproductive system of animals. The presence of estrogenic compounds in drinking water is a warning to assess the risks to which human beings are exposed. The present work has the objectives of carrying out a systematic review of studies that investigated estrogenic compounds in drinking water around the world and estimate the human health and estrogenic activity risks, based on the concentrations of each compound reported. The systematic review returned 505 scientific papers from the Web of Science®, SCOPUS® and PubMED® databases and after careful analysis, 45 papers were accepted. Sixteen estrogenic compounds were identified in drinking water, from the classes of hormones, pharmaceutical drugs and personal care products, plasticizers, corrosion inhibitors, pesticides and surfactants. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the compound found at the highest concentration, reaching a value of 1.43 mg/L. Non-carcinogenic human health risk was classified as high for 17α-ethynilestradiol and DEHP, medium for dibutyl phthalate, and low for bisphenol A. The estrogenic activity risks were negligible for all the compounds, except DEHP, with a low risk. None of the estrogenic compounds presented an unacceptable carcinogenic risk, due to estrogenic activity. However, the risk assessment did not evaluate the interactions between compounds, that occurs in drinking water and can increase the risks and adverse effects to human health. Nonetheless, this study demonstrates the need for improvement of drinking water treatment plants, with more efficient technologies for micropollutant removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deisi N de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Águas e Saneamento, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ann H Mounteer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gemima S Arcanjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Águas e Saneamento, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma N, Kumar V, S V, Umesh M, Sharma P, Thazeem B, Kaur K, Thomas J, Pasrija R, Utreja D. Hazard identification of endocrine-disrupting carcinogens (EDCs) in relation to cancers in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 109:104480. [PMID: 38825092 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals or carcinogens have been known for decades for their endocrine signal disruption. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern and they have been included in the top priority toxicants and persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, researchers have been working for a long time to understand their mechanisms of interaction in different human organs. Several reports are available about the carcinogen potential of these chemicals. The presented review is an endeavor to understand the hazard identification associated with endocrine disrupting carcinogens in relation to the human body. The paper discusses the major endocrine disrupting carcinogens and their potency for carcinogenesis. It discusses human exposure, route of entry, carcinogenicity and mechanisms. In addition, the paper discusses the research gaps and bottlenecks associated with the research. Moreover, it discusses the limitations associated with the analytical techniques for detection of endocrine disrupting carcinogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam 602105, India.
| | - Vimal S
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Thandalam 602105, India
| | - Mridul Umesh
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka 560029, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Basheer Thazeem
- Waste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Palakkad, Kerala 678592, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Punjab Agricultural University, Institute of Agriculture, Gurdaspur, Punjab 143521, India
| | - Jithin Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Mar Athanasius College, Kerala, India
| | - Ritu Pasrija
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodríguez EM. Endocrine disruption in crustaceans: New findings and perspectives. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 585:112189. [PMID: 38365065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A significant advance has been made, especially during the last two decades, in the knowledge of the effects on crustacean species of pollutants proven to be endocrine disruptors in vertebrates. Such effects have been also interpreted in the light of recent studies on crustacean endocrinology. Year after year, the increased number of reports refer to the effects of endocrine disruptors on several processes hormonally controlled. This review is aimed at summarizing and discussing the effects of several kinds of endocrine disruptors on the hormonal control of reproduction (including gonadal growth, sexual differentiation, and offspring development), molting, and intermediate metabolism of crustaceans. A final discussion about the state of the art, as well as the perspective of this toxicological research line is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. CONICET. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vandenberg LN, Mogus JP, Szabo GK. Effects of a TAML catalyst on mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 125:108557. [PMID: 38360075 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Tetra-amido macrocyclic ligands (TAMLs) are catalysts designed to mimic endogenous peroxidases that can degrade pollutants. Before TAMLs gain widespread use, it is first important to determine if they have endocrine disrupting properties. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the iron TAML, NT7, on hormone-sensitive outcomes in mice exposed during pregnancy and lactation, and on their litters prior to weaning. We administered NT7 at one of three doses to mice via drinking water prior to and then throughout pregnancy and lactation. Two hormonally active pharmaceuticals, ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and flutamide (FLUT), a known estrogen receptor agonist and androgen receptor antagonist, respectively, were also included. In the females, we measured pre- and post-parturition weight, length of pregnancy, organ weights at necropsy, and morphology of the mammary gland at the end of the lactational period. We also quantified maternal behaviors at three stages of lactation. For the offspring, we measured litter size, litter weights, and the achievement of other developmental milestones. We observed only one statistically significant effect of NT7, a decrease in the percentage of pups with ear opening at postnatal day 5. This contrasts with the numerous effects of EE2 on both the mother and the litter, as well as several modest effects of FLUT. The approach taken in this study could provide guidance for future studies that aim to evaluate novel compounds for endocrine disrupting properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA.
| | - Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| | - Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Szabo GK, Mogus JP, Vandenberg LN. Effects of perinatal exposures to a TAML catalyst on the mammary gland and hormone-sensitive outcomes in male mice. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108517. [PMID: 38040386 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic chemicals are common pollutants in wastewater and current effluent treatment processes are not typically effective in removing these compounds. Tetra-amido macrocyclic ligands (TAMLs) are catalysts that mimic endogenous peroxidases that may provide a solution to remove environmental pollutants including low concentrations of estrogenic compounds. Yet relatively little is known about the toxicity of TAMLs, and few studies have evaluated whether they may have endocrine disrupting properties. We administered one of three doses of a TAML, NT7, to mice via drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation. Two pharmacologically active compounds, ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and flutamide were also included to give comparator data for estrogen receptor agonist and androgen receptor antagonist activities. Male pups were evaluated for several outcomes at weaning, puberty, and early adulthood. We found that EE2 exposures during gestation and the perinatal period induced numerous effects that were observed across the three ages including changes to spleen and testis weight and drastic effects on the morphology of the mammary gland. Flutamide had fewer effects but altered anogenital distance at weaning as well as spleen, liver, and kidney weight. In contrast, relatively few effects of NT7 were observed, but included alterations to spleen weight and modest changes to adult testis weight and morphology of the mammary gland at weaning. Collectively, these results provide some of the first evidence suggesting that NT7 may alter some hormone-sensitive outcomes, but that the effects were distinct from either EE2 or flutamide. Additional studies are needed to characterize the biological activity of this and other TAML catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Oliveira Santos AD, do Nascimento MTL, da Silva de Freitas A, Gomes de Carvalho D, Bila DM, Hauser-Davis RA, Monteiro da Fonseca E, Baptista Neto JA. The evolution of endocrine disruptor chemical assessments worldwide in the last three decades. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115727. [PMID: 37918146 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) encompass a wide variety of substances capable of interfering with the endocrine system, including but not limited to bisphenol A, organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, alkylphenols and phthalates. These compounds are widely produced and used in everyday modern life and have increasingly been detected in aquatic matrices worldwide. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a literature review to assess the evolution of EDCs detected in different matrices in the last thirty years. A bibliometric analysis was conducted at the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Data were evaluated using the Vosviewer 1.6.17 software. A total of 3951 articles in English were retrieved following filtering. The results demonstrate a gradual and significant growth in the number of published documents, strongly associated with the increasing knowledge on the real environmental impacts of these compounds. Studied were mostly conducted by developed countries in the first two decades, 1993 to 2012, but in the last decade (2013 to 2022), an exponential leap in the number of publications by countries such as China and an advance in research by developing countries, such as Brazil, was verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dalva de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Teresa Lima do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex da Silva de Freitas
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e do Meio Ambiente, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Baptista Neto
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borgert CJ. Issue analysis: key characteristics approach for identifying endocrine disruptors. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2819-2822. [PMID: 37572129 PMCID: PMC10474976 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, weight of evidence (WoE) evaluations have been the standard method for determining whether a chemical meets the definition of an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). WoE methods consider all data pertinent to satisfying the EDC definition and evaluating those data with respect to relevance, reliability, strength, and coherence with established endocrine physiology and pharmacology. A new approach for identifying EDC hazards has been proposed that organizes and evaluates data according to ten so-called "Key Characteristics (KCs) of EDCs". The approach claims to address the lack of a widely accepted, systematic approach for identifying EDC hazards, but completely ignores the WoE literature for EDCs. In contrast to WoE methods, the KC approach fails to apply the consensus definition of EDC and is not amenable to empirical testing or validation, is fungible and ensures inconsistent and unreliable results, ignores principles of hormone action and characteristics of dose-response in endocrine pharmacology and toxicology, lacks a means of distinguishing endocrine-mediated from non-endocrine mediated mechanisms, lacks a means to reach a negative conclusion about a chemical's EDC properties or to distinguish EDCs from non-EDCs, and provides no means for developing a valid consensus among experts nor provides a means of resolving conflicting interpretations of data. Instead of shortcuts like the KC approach, which are prone to bias, error, and arbitrary conclusions, identifying EDCs should rely on WoE evaluations that supply the critical components and scientific rigor lacking in the proposed KCs for EDCs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva ABP, Carreiró F, Ramos F, Sanches-Silva A. The role of endocrine disruptors in female infertility. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7069-7088. [PMID: 37402067 PMCID: PMC10374778 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the World Health Organization, infertility is a public health problem that affects around 48 million couples and 186 million individuals worldwide. Endocrine disruptors are one of the causes that raise more concern, given that it is a problem that has evolved with the progress of society. Many chemicals are used by food industry, entering food chain, and directly affecting human health. Endocrine disruptors have the capacity of interfering with the normal hormonal action, metabolism, and biosynthesis, which can lead to a variation of the normal hormonal homeostasis. Some of these endocrine disruptors are highly associated with diseases that are positively correlated with female infertility, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, irregular menstrual cycle and also disturbances on processes as steroidogenesis and development of the ovarian follicles. RESULTS The present literature review covers various aspects of the possible relationship between endocrine disruptors and female infertility. Bisphenol A and its metabolites, phthalates, dioxins, organochlorine, and organophosphate compounds are groups of chemicals considered to have the capacity to disrupt endocrine activity and herein addressed. The results reported in in vivo studies and in clinical trials addressing endocrine disruptors and female infertility were discussed as well as their possible mechanism of action. CONCLUSIONS Large, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials are needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors in female infertility, as well as the doses and frequency of exposure responsible for it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz P Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Carreiró
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA)-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, 14 Apartado, 55142-401, Porto, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Al4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zuščíková L, Bažány D, Greifová H, Knížatová N, Kováčik A, Lukáč N, Jambor T. Screening of Toxic Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides with a Focus on Acetamiprid: A Review. TOXICS 2023; 11:598. [PMID: 37505564 PMCID: PMC10383352 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, neonicotinoids have become the fastest-growing class of insecticides in conventional crop protection, with extensive usage against a wide range of sucking and chewing pests. Neonicotinoids are widely used due to their high toxicity to invertebrates, simplicity, flexibility with which they may be applied, and lengthy persistence, and their systemic nature ensures that they spread to all sections of the target crop. However, these properties raise the risk of environmental contaminations and potential toxicity to non-target organisms. Acetamiprid is a new generation insecticide, which is a safer alternative for controlling insect pests because of its low toxicity to honeybees. Acetamiprid is intended to target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects, but its widespread usage has resulted in negative impacts on non-target animals such as mammals. This review summarizes in vivo and in vitro animal studies that investigated the toxicity of specific neonicotinoids. With summarized data, it can be presumed that certain concentrations of neonicotinoids in the reproductive system cause oxidative stress in the testis; spermatogenesis disruption; spermatozoa degradation; interruptions to endocrine function and Sertoli and Leydig cell function. In the female reproductive system, acetamiprid evokes pathomorphological alterations in follicles, along with metabolic changes in the ovaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Zuščíková
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Denis Bažány
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Hana Greifová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Knížatová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Jambor
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. Andreja Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo X, Liu B, Liu H, Du X, Chen X, Wang W, Yuan S, Zhang B, Wang Y, Guo H, Zhang H. Research advances in identification procedures of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:83113-83137. [PMID: 37347330 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are increasingly concerned substance endangering human health and environment. However, there is no unified standard for identifying chemicals as EDCs, which is also controversial internationally. In this review, the procedures for EDC identification in different organizations/countries were described. Importantly, three aspects to be considered in identifying chemical substances as EDCs were summarized, which were mechanistic data, animal experiments, and epidemiological information. The relationships between them were also discussed. To elaborate more clearly on these three aspects of evidence, scientific data on some chemicals including bisphenol A, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl) cyclohexane and perchlorate were collected and evaluated. Altogether, the above three chemicals were assessed for interfering with hormones and elaborated their health hazards from macroscopic to microscopic. This review is helpful for standardizing the identification procedure of EDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St Mary's University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wenjun Wang
- College of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Caroli Vizioli B, Silva da Silva G, Ferreira de Medeiros J, Montagner CC. Atrazine and its degradation products in drinking water source and supply: Risk assessment for environmental and human health in Campinas, Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139289. [PMID: 37348619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a broad-spectrum herbicide widely used worldwide to control grassy and broadleaf weeds. Atrazine's popularity is attributable to its cost-effectiveness and reliable performance. Relatedly, it is also an important micropollutant with a potential negative impact on biodiversity and human health. Atrazine has long been regularly detected in several environmental compartments, and its widespread use has resulted in ubiquitous and unpreventable contamination. Among pesticides sold in Brazil, atrazine has remained among the top-ranked active ingredients for the last several years. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of atrazine and three degradation products (hydroxyatrazine, desisopropylatrazine, and desethylatrazine) in surface water (Capivari and Atibaia rivers) and treated water, monthly sampling from two drinking water treatment plants in Campinas (São Paulo, Brazil). An analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to determine target compounds simultaneously. The method presented instrument quantification limits from 0.5 to 4.0 ng mL-1 and recovery values from 80 to 112%, with a maximum relative standard deviation of 6%. All analytes had a detection frequency of 100% from 2 to 2744 ng L-1. Statistical analysis showed no analyte removal after conventional water treatment. Also, the Capivari River showed greater analyte concentration than the Atibaia River. Performed risk assessments according to current Brazilian standards showed no human and environmental health risks. However, other risk assessment approaches may indicate potential risks, advocating for further research and ongoing surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz De Caroli Vizioli
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Giulia Silva da Silva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jéssyca Ferreira de Medeiros
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Zhou L, Liu L, Yang Y, Zhao Q. Comparative in vitro and in silico study on the estrogenic effects of 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol, 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone and DDT analogs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 876:162734. [PMID: 36907399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
DDT and its transformation products (DDTs) are frequently detected in environmental and biological media. Research suggests that DDT and its primary metabolites (DDD and DDE) could induce estrogenic effects by disturbing estrogen receptor (ER) pathways. However, the estrogenic effects of DDT high-order transformation products, and the exact mechanisms underlying the differences of responses in DDT and its metabolites (or transformation products) still remain unknown. Here, besides DDT, DDD and DDE, we selected two DDT high-order transformation products, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethanol (p,p'-DDOH) and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DCBP). We aim to explore and reveal the relation between DDTs activity and their estrogenic effects by receptor binding, transcriptional activity, and ER-mediated pathways. Fluorescence assays showed that the tested 8 DDTs bound to the two isoforms (ERα and ERβ) of ER directly. Among them, p,p'-DDOH exhibited the highest binding affinity, with IC50 values of 0.43 μM and 0.97 μM to ERα and ERβ, respectively. Eight DDTs showed different agonistic activity toward ER pathways, with p,p'-DDOH exhibiting the strongest potency. In silico studies revealed that the eight DDTs bound to either ERα or ERβ in a similar manner to 17β-estradiol, in which specific polar and non-polar interactions and water-mediated hydrogen bonds were involved. Furthermore, we found that 8 DDTs (0.0008-5 μM) showed distinct pro-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells in an ER-dependent manner. Overall, our results revealed not only for the first time the estrogenic effects of two DDT high-order transformation products by acting on ER-mediated pathways, but also the molecular basis for differential activity of 8 DDTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lantian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Giusiano G, Tracogna F, Santiso G, Rojas F, Messina F, Sosa V, Chacón Y, Sosa MDLÁ, Mussin J, Cattana ME, Vazquez A, Formosa P, Fernández N, Piedrabuena M, Valdez R, Davalos F, Fernández M, Acuña A, Aguilera A, Guelfand L, Afeltra J, Garcia Effron G, Posse G, Amigot S, Serrano J, Sellares O, Álvarez C, Pineda G, Carnovale S, Zalazar L, Canteros C. Clinical and Demographic Features of Paracoccidioidomycosis in Argentina: A Multicenter Study Analysis of 466 Cases. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040482. [PMID: 37108936 PMCID: PMC10145406 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Information on paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) in Argentina is fragmented and has historically been based on estimates, supported only by a series of a few reported cases. Considering the lack of global information, a national multicentric study in order to carry out a more comprehensive analysis was warranted. We present a data analysis including demographic and clinical aspects of a historical series of 466 cases recorded over 10 years (2012-2021). Patients were aged from 1 to 89 years. The general male: female (M:F) ratio was 9.5:1 with significant variation according to the age group. Interestingly, the age range 21-30 shows an M:F ratio of 2:1. Most of the cases (86%) were registered in northeast Argentina (NEA), showing hyperendemic areas in Chaco province with more than 2 cases per 10,000 inhabitants. The chronic clinical form occurred in 85.6% of cases and the acute/subacute form occurred in 14.4% of cases, but most of these juvenile type cases occurred in northwestern Argentina (NWA). In NEA, the incidence of the chronic form was 90.6%; in NWA, the acute/subacute form exceeded 37%. Diagnosis by microscopy showed 96% positivity but antibody detection displays 17% of false negatives. Tuberculosis was the most frequent comorbidity, but a diverse spectrum of bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic, and other non-infectious comorbidities was recorded. This national multicenter registry was launched in order to better understand the current status of PCM in Argentina and shows the two endemic zones with a highly diverse epidemiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional de Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia 3500, Argentina
- Hospital Pediátrico Juan Pablo II, Corrientes 3400, Argentina
| | | | - Gabriela Santiso
- Unidad de Micología, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Uspallata, Buenos Aires 2272, Argentina
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Departamento Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional de Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia 3500, Argentina
| | - Fernando Messina
- Unidad de Micología, Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Uspallata, Buenos Aires 2272, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Sosa
- Servicio de Micología, Hospital Dr. Ramon Madariaga, Av. Marconi 3736, Posadas N3300, Argentina
| | - Yone Chacón
- Hospital Señor del Milagro, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Maria de Los Ángeles Sosa
- Laboratorio Central de Redes y Programas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Placido Martínez, Corrientes 1044, Argentina
| | - Javier Mussin
- Departamento Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional de Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia 3500, Argentina
| | | | - Andrea Vazquez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital 4 de Junio Ramón Carrillo, Roque Sáenz Peña, Av. Malvinas Argentinas 1350, Sáenz Peña H3700, Argentina
| | - Patricia Formosa
- Hospital de Alta Complejidad Pte. J. D. Perón, Av. Pantaleón Gómez & Av. Dr. Nestor Kirchner, Formosa 3600, Argentina
| | - Norma Fernández
- Laboratorio de Micología, Hospital de Clínicas, José de San Martin, Buenos Aires 2351, Argentina
| | - Milagros Piedrabuena
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital San Martín, Pres. Juan Domingo Perón 450, Paraná 3100, Argentina
| | - Ruth Valdez
- Hospital Señor del Milagro, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Florencia Davalos
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital San Bernardo, Av. José Tobias 69, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Liliana Guelfand
- Sección Microbiología, Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Juan A. Fernández, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Javier Afeltra
- Unidad de Parasitología y Micología, Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1221, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Garcia Effron
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Santa Fe 2750, Argentina
| | - Gladys Posse
- Hospital Nacional Prof. Dr. A. Posadas, Buenos Aires 1684, Argentina
| | - Susana Amigot
- CEMAR Microbiología, Dir. Bioquímica, Secretaría de Salud Pública, Rosario 2020, Argentina
| | - Julian Serrano
- Sección Micología, Hospital Independencia, Av. Belgrano Nte. 660, Santiago del Estero 4200, Argentina
| | | | - Christian Álvarez
- División Micología-Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Tucumán, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Gloria Pineda
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires 1500, Argentina
| | - Susana Carnovale
- Hospital de Pediatría S.A.M.I.C. Prof. Juan P. Garraham, Pichincha 1890, Buenos Aires 1245, Argentina
| | - Laura Zalazar
- Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Las Heras 727, Resistencia H3500COI, Argentina
| | - Cristina Canteros
- Departamento de Micología, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires 1281, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Canesini G, Galoppo GH, Tavalieri YE, Lazzarino GP, Stoker C, Luque EH, Ramos JG, Muñoz-de-Toro M. Disruption of the developmental programming of the gonad of the broad snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) after in ovo exposure to atrazine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40132-40146. [PMID: 36607581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to agrochemicals during early stages of development can induce subtle alterations that could permanently affect normal physiology. Previously, we reported that in ovo exposure to atrazine (ATZ) disrupts testicular histoarchitecture in postnatal caimans (Caiman latirostris). To assess whether such alterations are the result of disruption of gonadal developmental programming, this study aimed to evaluate the expression of histofunctional biomarkers (VASA, ER, PR, PCNA, and aromatase) and genes involved in gonadal development and differentiation (amh, sox-9, sf-1 and cyp19-a1) in the gonads of male and female caiman embryos and to assess the effect of ATZ exposure on these biomarkers and genes in the gonads of male embryos. Our results suggest that amh, aromatase and sox-9 play a role in sex determination and gonadal differentiation. In male caiman embryos, ATZ exposure increased aromatase expression and altered the temporal expression pattern of amh and sox-9 evidencing an ATZ-induced disruption of gonadal developmental programming. Since the effects of ATZ are consistent across all vertebrate classes, the ATZ-mediated disruptive effects here observed could be present in other vertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermina Canesini
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Germán H Galoppo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.
| | - Yamil E Tavalieri
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Gisela P Lazzarino
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Cora Stoker
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma A, Kaninathan A, Dahal S, Kumari S, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC. Exposure to endosulfan can cause long term effects on general biology, including the reproductive system of mice. Front Genet 2022; 13:1047746. [PMID: 36506329 PMCID: PMC9729358 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1047746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased infertility in humans is attributed to the increased use of environmental chemicals in the last several decades. Various studies have identified pesticides as one of the causes of reproductive toxicity. In a previous study, infertility was observed in male mice due to testicular atrophy and decreased sperm count when a sublethal dose of endosulfan (3 mg/kg) with a serum concentration of 23 μg/L was used. However, the serum concentration of endosulfan was much higher (up to 500 μg/L) in people living in endosulfan-exposed areas compared to the one used in the investigation. To mimic the situation in an experimental setup, mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg body weight of endosulfan, and reproductive toxicity and long-term impact on the general biology of animals were examined. HPLC analysis revealed a serum concentration of ∼50 μg/L of endosulfan after 24 h endosulfan exposure affected the normal physiology of mice. Histopathological studies suggest a persistent, severe effect on reproductive organs where vacuole degeneration of basal germinal epithelial cells and degradation of the interstitial matrix were observed in testes. Ovaries showed a reduction in the number of mature Graafian follicles. At the same time, mild vacuolation in liver hepatocytes and changes in the architecture of the lungs were observed. Endosulfan exposure induced DNA damage and mutations in germ cells at the molecular level. Interestingly, even after 8 months of endosulfan exposure, we observed increased DNA breaks in reproductive tissues. An increased DNA Ligase III expression was also observed, consistent with reported elevated levels of MMEJ-mediated repair. Further, we observed the generation of tumors in a few of the treated mice with time. Thus, the study not only explores the changes in the general biology of the mice upon exposure to endosulfan but also describes the molecular mechanism of its long-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sumedha Dahal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Susmita Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibha Choudhary
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sathees C. Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,*Correspondence: Sathees C. Raghavan,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumar V, Yadav CS, Banerjee BD. Xeno-Estrogenic Pesticides and the Risk of Related Human Cancers. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:344-355. [PMID: 36412768 PMCID: PMC9680220 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, "environmental xenobiotic-mediated endocrine disruption", especially by xeno-estrogens, has gained a lot of interest from toxicologists and environmental researchers. These estrogen-mimicking chemicals are known to cause various human disorders. Pesticides are the most heavily used harmful xenobiotic chemicals around the world. The estrogen-mimicking potential of the most widely used organochlorine pesticides is well established. However, their effect is not as clearly understood among the plethora of effects these persistent xenobiotics are known to pose on our physiological system. Estrogens are one of the principal risk modifiers of various disorders, including cancer, not only in women but in men as well. Despite the ban on these xenobiotics in some parts of the world, humans are still at apparent risk of exposure to these harmful chemicals as they are still widely persistent and likely to stay in our environment for a long time owing to their high chemical stability. The present work intends to understand how these harmful chemicals may affect the risk of the development of estrogen-mediated human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Yadav
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382010, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Qie Y, Yang Y, Zhao Q. Binding and Activation of Estrogen-Related Receptor γ: A Novel Molecular Mechanism for the Estrogenic Disruption Effects of DDT and Its Metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12358-12367. [PMID: 35947429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DDT and its metabolites (DDTs) can induce estrogenic effects. Previous mechanistic investigations mainly concentrated on activating the genomic transcription of estrogen receptor (ER) pathways. Here, we identified whether estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), an orphan nuclear receptor, is a potential target of DDTs by receptor binding, transcriptional activity, and receptor-mediated pathway assays. Fluorescence polarization-based binding assays showed that all eight DDTs bound to ERRγ directly, with Kd values ranging from 0.73-168.82 μM. Among them, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (4,4'-DDOH) exhibited the highest binding affinity, which was 2.5-fold stronger than GSK4716, a well-known ERRγ agonist. Eight DDTs exhibited agonistic activity toward the ERRγ pathway, with 4,4'-DDOH showing the strongest potency. In silico studies revealed that DDTs tended to bind with ERRγ in the agonistic conformation. Using a SKBR3 breast cancer cell model, we further found that nanomolar or micromolar levels of DDTs significantly activated the ERRγ pathway in cells and induced cell proliferation through the ERRγ-modulated cell cycle. These results indicated that the binding and activation of DDTs to ERRγ might serve as molecular initiating events for subsequent ERRγ-mediated signaling pathways and adverse outcomes. Overall, our results demonstrated that ERRγ might be a crucial pathway involved in the estrogenic disruption effects of DDTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yu Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Matouskova K, Szabo GK, Daum J, Fenton SE, Christiansen S, Soto AM, Kay JE, Cardona B, Vandenberg LN. Best practices to quantify the impact of reproductive toxicants on development, function, and diseases of the rodent mammary gland. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:51-67. [PMID: 35764275 PMCID: PMC9491517 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Work from numerous fields of study suggests that exposures to hormonally active chemicals during sensitive windows of development can alter mammary gland development, function, and disease risk. Stronger links between many environmental pollutants and disruptions to breast health continue to be documented in human populations, and there remain concerns that the methods utilized to identify, characterize, and prioritize these chemicals for risk assessment and risk management purposes are insufficient. There are also concerns that effects on the mammary gland have been largely ignored by regulatory agencies. Here, we provide technical guidance that is intended to enhance collection and evaluation of the mammary gland in mice and rats. We review several features of studies that should be controlled to properly evaluate the mammary gland, and then describe methods to appropriately collect the mammary gland from rodents. Furthermore, we discuss methods for preparing whole mounted mammary glands and numerous approaches that are available for the analysis of these samples. Finally, we conclude with several examples where analysis of the mammary gland revealed effects of environmental toxicants at low doses. Our work argues that the rodent mammary gland should be considered in chemical safety, hazard and risk assessments. It also suggests that improved measures of mammary gland outcomes, such as those we present in this review, should be included in the standardized methods evaluated by regulatory agencies such as the test guidelines used for identifying reproductive and developmental toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Gillian K Szabo
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Daum
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sofie Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby DK 2800, Denmark
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Krishnasamy L, Krishna K, Subpiramaniyam S. Photocatalytic degradation of atrazine in aqueous solution using La-doped ZnO/PAN nanofibers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:54282-54291. [PMID: 35298801 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based-modified zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers were synthesized by using electrospinning and hydrothermal techniques. The synthesized nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and evaluated for their ability to promote the photocatalytic degradation of the toxic herbicide atrazine. The degradation conditions were optimized by varying catalyst types, catalyst quantity, pH, light source, and toxic concentration. The degradation products were confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The extent of mineralization was calculated using total organic carbon and real-time analyses. The diameter of the La-doped ZnO-loaded PAN nanofibers was larger than that of the ZnO-seeded PAN nanofibers. The additional peak at a binding energy of 533 eV in the bonding states of La-doped ZnO/PAN indicated the presence of oxygen vacancies in the ZnO matrix, which could enhance the catalytic activity of the material. Furthermore, the degradation of atrazine depended on all the above reaction parameters. The mass spectrum of the degradation product was recorded and exhibited a molecular ion peak at m/z 187 according to GC-MS. Finally, La-doped ZnO PAN nanofibers proved to be an excellent catalyst for decontaminating atrazine within 1 h and allowed to achieve a 98% degradation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Krishnasamy
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - Kadirvelu Krishna
- DRDO-BU Center for Life Sciences, Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, 641046, India.
| | - Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50463, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cox C, Zeiss M. Health, Pesticide Adjuvants, and Inert Ingredients: California Case Study Illustrates Need for Data Access. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:85001. [PMID: 35920661 PMCID: PMC9347270 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pesticide products are mixtures of multiple chemicals. These include active ingredients intended to kill pests, and so-called inert ingredients intended to improve the physical characteristics of the product. In addition, shortly before applying a pesticide product, applicators often mix adjuvants into the sprayer tank. Adjuvants are products designed to improve the performance or physical properties of a pesticide spray mixture. Manufacturers may use a particular chemical compound both as an inert ingredient within pesticide products and as a component of adjuvant products. Nonetheless, regulations dictate that data on use are publicly available only for the portion used in adjuvants. Adjuvants are exempt from federal registration, but are defined as pesticides in California. Based on that definition, California has identified α-(p-nonylphenyl)-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyethylene) (APNOHO) as the most widely used pesticide in the state, applied to more than 10 million acres annually. That quantified use includes only agricultural acres treated with adjuvants containing APNOHO. Total APNOHO use is likely higher because manufacturers also use the chemical as an inert ingredient within pesticide products, although data on such use are shielded by regulation. OBJECTIVES We use APNOHO as a case study to demonstrate that the use of adjuvants and inert ingredients is difficult to track because relevant information is not publicly available. We synthesize information that suggests widespread agricultural use of alkylphenol ethoxylates, such as APNOHO, may pose significant human and environmental health risks. We then make recommendations for future research and policy. METHODS We used information from California's pesticide use reporting system and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to estimate use of APNOHO. We used U.S. EPA and European databases, as well as published research, to identify human and environmental health hazards of APNOHO. We focused on research showing that APNOHO is an endocrine-disrupting chemical. DISCUSSION Within California, APNOHO is applied in more than 150 adjuvant products. Nationwide, it is used as an inert ingredient in at least 650 pesticide products. Exposure to APNOHO is associated with endocrine disruption, birth defects, and aquatic toxicity. We suggest that the case of APNOHO illustrates the larger problem of a lack of publicly available data on use and toxicity of many adjuvants and pesticide inert ingredients. We recommend that researchers and regulators include adjuvants and inert ingredients when evaluating pesticide hazards, including endocrine disruption. We also recommend regulatory requirements to identify all ingredients on product labels. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10634.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cox
- Center for Environmental Health (retired), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Michael Zeiss
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation (retired), Sacramento, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sweeney CL, Smith NK, Sweeney E, Cohen AM, Kim JS. Analysis of human serum and urine for tentative identification of potentially carcinogenic pesticide-associated N-nitroso compounds using high-resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112493. [PMID: 34896088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human serum and urine samples were analyzed for a suite of nitrosatable pesticides and potentially carcinogenic pesticide-associated N-nitroso (PANN) compounds. Formation of PANN compounds may occur in vivo after consumption of food or water containing trace amounts of nitrosatable pesticide residues and nitrate. Using a modified version of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method, nine nitrosatable pesticides and byproducts were extracted from serum and urine from 64 individuals from two different sample populations in Atlantic Canada: (i) Prince Edward Island, a region where nitrate and trace amounts of nitrosatable pesticides have been detected in groundwater; and (ii) Halifax, Nova Scotia, a non-agricultural urban area. Samples were then analyzed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) single-stage orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS), which allows for semi-targeted analysis and tentative identification of a virtually limitless number of exposure biomarkers. Two nitrosatable target analytes, ethylenethiourea (ETU) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) were found in serum, while atrazine (ATR) and ETU were detected in urine. Five and six PANN compounds were tentatively identified in serum and urine, respectively. The two PANN compounds that were most frequently tentatively identified in serum were N-nitroso dimethoate (N-DIM) and N-nitroso omethoate (N-OME) with detection frequencies of 78% and 95%, respectively. This is the first biomonitoring study of its kind to investigate PANN compounds in human serum and urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Sweeney
- Interdisciplinary PhD Program, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Health and Environments Research Centre (HERC) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nathan K Smith
- Health and Environments Research Centre (HERC) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ellen Sweeney
- Atlantic PATH, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alejandro M Cohen
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jong Sung Kim
- Health and Environments Research Centre (HERC) Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Photothermal card reader assay using the commercial colloidal gold test strip for the rapid quantitative detection of food hazards. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:112. [PMID: 35190918 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05193-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The simple and rapid commercial colloidal gold test strip can only be used for qualitative or semi-quantitative detection, accompanied by weak detectability and false negative experimental results. Herein, a photothermal test strip assay which combined test strip with a portable photothermal card reader was established to achieve quantitative detection with excellent detectability. According to the photothermal effect produced by gold nanoparticles (GNPs) captured on the test line, the signal could be recorded by the reader. Thirteen food hazards including veterinary drug residues and pesticide residues were tested; the photothermal detectability in actual samples were about 23 (methyl parathion), 7 (enrofloxacin), 6 (sarafloxacin), 8 (sulfadiazine), 12 (sulfamethazine), 7 (paraquat), 6 (malachite green), 11 (amantadine), 13 (nitrofurazone), 6 (diethylstilbestrol), 12 (estriol), 21 (estrone), and 26 (17β-estradiol) times better than the visual detectability. Our results demonstrated that the photothermal test strip assay could be used for sensitive, rapid, and quantitative detection of residues of food hazards.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dorosh O, Fernandes VC, Moreira MM, Delerue-Matos C. Occurrence of pesticides and environmental contaminants in vineyards: Case study of Portuguese grapevine canes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148395. [PMID: 34412412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Every year, after grape harvesting, high quantities of vine-canes are generated. Due to the high amount of bioactive compounds present in this woody material, several studies reported their potential to be used in different sustainable applications. However, before employing vine-canes in this kind of products, their safety needs to be assessed. A robust method for identification and quantification of 30 environmental contaminants (12 organochloride pesticides (OCPs), 6 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), 5 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 7 brominated flame retardants (BFRs)) in vine-canes was developed. For that, the extraction and clean-up procedures were optimized, namely the vine-canes size, the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) composition and the amount of carbon used in the dispersive-solid phase extraction (d-SPE). Suitable analytical parameters were obtained: linearity (r2) >0.99 for all the studied compounds and for the solvent and matrix-matched standards; relative standard deviation (RSD) below 14%; and mean recoveries for two spiking levels (10 and 20 μg/kg) between 75 and 103%, excepting for the PCBs that ranged between 59 and 105%. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranged between 0.38 and 1.09 and 1.26 to 3.64 μg/kg, respectively. Regarding the analysis of 19 vine-cane samples, corresponding to four different varieties (Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Alvarinho, and Loureiro) collected in four different years in the North of Portugal, five contaminants (aldrin, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28), and 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101)) were detected. However, only α-HCH (5.85 ± 0.32 to 5.99 ± 0.25 μg/kg) and aldrin (2.44 ± 0.15 μg/kg) were quantified above the LOQ. The screening of environmental contaminants in vine-canes is essential to waste valorization, especially if the goal is to apply them in products for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Dorosh
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Virgínia Cruz Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela M Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vandenberg LN, Pelch KE. Systematic Review Methodologies and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Improving Evaluations of the Plastic Monomer Bisphenol A. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:748-764. [PMID: 34610783 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666211005163614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in plastics, personal care products, household items, and other consumer goods. Risk assessments are intended to characterize a chemical's hazards, identify the doses at which adverse outcomes are observed, quantify exposure levels, and then compare these doses to determine the likelihood of risk in a given population. There are many problems with risk assessments for EDCs, allowing people to be exposed to levels that are later associated with serious health outcomes in epidemiology studies. OBJECTIVE In this review, we examine issues that affect the evaluation of EDCs in risk assessments (e.g., use of insensitive rodent strains and absence of disease-oriented outcomes in hazard assessments; inadequate exposure assessments). We then review one well-studied chemical, Bisphenol A (BPA; CAS #80-05-7) an EDC found in plastics, food packaging, and other consumer products. More than one hundred epidemiology studies suggest associations between BPA exposures and adverse health outcomes in environmentally exposed human populations. FINDINGS We present support for the use of systematic review methodologies in the evaluation of BPA and other EDCs. Systematic reviews would allow studies to be evaluated for their reliability and risk of bias. They would also allow all data to be used in risk assessments, which is a requirement for some regulatory agencies. CONCLUSION Systematic review methodologies can be used to improve evaluations of BPA and other EDCs. Their use could help to restore faith in risk assessments and ensure that all data are utilized in decision-making. Regulatory agencies are urged to conduct transparent, well-documented and proper systematic reviews for BPA and other EDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts - Amherst, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mogus JP, LaPlante CD, Bansal R, Matouskova K, Schneider BR, Daniele E, Silva SJ, Hagen MJ, Dunphy KA, Jerry DJ, Schneider SS, Vandenberg LN. Exposure to Propylparaben During Pregnancy and Lactation Induces Long-Term Alterations to the Mammary Gland in Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6170911. [PMID: 33724348 PMCID: PMC8121128 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a hormone sensitive organ that is susceptible to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the vulnerable periods of parous reorganization (ie, pregnancy, lactation, and involution). Pregnancy is believed to have long-term protective effects against breast cancer development; however, it is unknown if EDCs can alter this effect. We examined the long-term effects of propylparaben, a common preservative used in personal care products and foods, with estrogenic properties, on the parous mouse mammary gland. Pregnant BALB/c mice were treated with 0, 20, 100, or 10 000 µg/kg/day propylparaben throughout pregnancy and lactation. Unexposed nulliparous females were also evaluated. Five weeks post-involution, mammary glands were collected and assessed for changes in histomorphology, hormone receptor expression, immune cell number, and gene expression. For several parameters of mammary gland morphology, propylparaben reduced the effects of parity. Propylparaben also increased proliferation, but not stem cell number, and induced modest alterations to expression of ERα-mediated genes. Finally, propylparaben altered the effect of parity on the number of several immune cell types in the mammary gland. These results suggest that propylparaben, at levels relevant to human exposure, can interfere with the effects of parity on the mouse mammary gland and induce long-term alterations to mammary gland structure. Future studies should address if propylparaben exposures negate the protective effects of pregnancy on mammary cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Mogus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Charlotte D LaPlante
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ruby Bansal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Klara Matouskova
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin R Schneider
- Biospecimen Resource and Molecular Analysis Facility, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Elizabeth Daniele
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Shannon J Silva
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Mary J Hagen
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Karen A Dunphy
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - D Joseph Jerry
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Biospecimen Resource and Molecular Analysis Facility, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Correspondence: Laura N. Vandenberg, PhD, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, 171C Goessmann, 686 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vandenberg LN. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: strategies to protect present and future generations. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2021; 16:135-146. [PMID: 33973826 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2021.1917991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are chemicals that alter the actions of hormones. In the 21st Century, numerous expert groups of clinicians, scientists, and environmental activists have called for action to protect present and future generations from the harm induced by EDC exposures. These demands for regulatory responses come because of the strong weight of the evidence from epidemiology, wildlife, and controlled laboratory studies.Areas covered: In this review, we examine the conclusions drawn by experts from different scientific and medical disciplines. We also address several areas where recent findings or work has changed the landscape of EDC work including new approaches to identify and evaluate the evidence for EDCs using a key characteristics approach, the need to expand our understanding of vulnerable periods of development, and the increasing concern that traditional methods used to evaluate toxicity of environmental chemicals are insufficient for EDCs and how collaborative science could help to address these gaps.Expert opinion: The science is clear: there is more than enough evidence to demonstrate that EDCs affect the health of humans and wildlife. Waiting to act is a decision that puts the health of current and future generations at risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Vandenberg
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|