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Xiong Y, Li B, Wang K, Li J, He S. Betaine ameliorates heat stress-induced apoptosis by affecting oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse Leydig cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:53-62. [PMID: 37863837 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the potential protective role of betaine in heat stress (HS)-elicited apoptosis in mouse Leydig cells (mLCs). Betaine at 16 mm exerted a greater inhibitory effect on HS-induced viability attenuation of cells, which also significantly suppressed the heat shock protein 70 level in HS-treated cells. Furthermore, betaine ameliorated certain negative effects, including increased cell apoptotic ratio, enhancement of apoptosis-related modulator caspase-3 activity, reduced activity levels of such antioxidant enzymes as SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and MDA upregulation, and inhibited the protein levels of critical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress indices like CHOP and GRP78 in mLCs exposed to HS. Besides, treatment of cells with betaine significantly restored diminished testosterone production in response to HS. Correspondingly, betaine effectively rescued the reduced serum testosterone concentration in vivo. In summary, betaine ameliorated HS-induced apoptosis by affecting oxidative and ER stress, thereby providing benefits for the treatment of hyperthermia-related impairment in mLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojun He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
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2
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Oluwagbenga EM, Fraley GS. Heat stress and poultry production: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103141. [PMID: 37852055 PMCID: PMC10591017 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of global warming on poultry production has gained significant attention over the years. However, our current knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms through which heat stress (HS) resulting from global warming affects the welfare, behavior, immune response, production performance, and even transgenerational effects in poultry are still incomplete. Further research is needed to delve deeper into these mechanisms to gain a comprehensive understanding. Numerous studies have investigated various biomarkers of stress in poultry, aiming to identify reliable markers that can accurately assess the physiological status and well-being of birds. However, there is a significant amount of variation and inconsistency in the results reported across different studies. This inconsistency highlights the need for more standardized methods and assays and a clearer understanding of the factors that influence these biomarkers in poultry. This review article specifically focuses on 3 main aspects: 1) the neuroendocrine and behavioral responses of poultry to HS, 2) the biomarkers of HS and 3) the impact of HS on poultry production that have been studied in poultry. By examining the neuroendocrine and behavioral changes exhibited by poultry under HS, we aim to gain insights into the physiological impact of elevated temperatures in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G S Fraley
- Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA.
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Liu Y, Yin S, He Y, Tang J, Pu J, Jia G, Liu G, Tian G, Chen X, Cai J, Kang B, Che L, Zhao H. Hydroxy-Selenomethionine Mitigated Chronic Heat Stress-Induced Porcine Splenic Damage via Activation of Nrf2/Keap1 Signal and Suppression of NFκb and STAT Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076461. [PMID: 37047433 PMCID: PMC10094443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (CHS) compromised the immunity and spleen immunological function of pigs, which may associate with antioxidant suppression and splenocyte apoptosis and splenic inflammation. Selenium (Se) exhibited antioxidant function and immunomodulatory through selenoprotein. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dietary hydroxy-selenomethionine (Selisso®, SeO) on chronic heat stress (CHS)-induced porcine splenic oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Growing pigs were raised in the thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C) with the basal diet (BD), or raised in hyperthermal conditions (33 ± 2 °C) with BD supplied with 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg Se/kg SeO for 28 d, respectively. The results showed that dietary SeO supplementation recovered the spleen mass and enhanced the splenic antioxidant capacity of CHS growing pigs. Meanwhile, SeO activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signal, downregulated p38, caspase 3 and Bax, inhibited the activation of NFκb and STAT3, and enhanced the protein expression level of GPX1, GPX3, GPX4, SELENOS and SELENOF. In summary, SeO supplementation mitigates the CHS-induced splenic oxidative damages, apoptosis and inflammation in pigs, and the processes are associated with the activation of Nrf2/Keap1 signal and the suppression of NFκb, p38(MAPK) and STAT signal. It seems that the antioxidant-related selenoproteins (GPXs) and functional selenoproteins (SELENOS and SELENOF) play important roles in the alleviation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Shenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Junning Pu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education/Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, 610000 Chengdu, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1388-064-0271
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Wang X, Liu X, Liu S, Qu J, Ye M, Wang J, Li X, Yuan Z, Wu J, Yi J, Wen L, Li R. Effects of anti-stress agents on the growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens with vaccination-induced stress. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:12-24. [PMID: 35980124 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of anti-stress agents on the growth performance and immune function of broilers under immune stress conditions induced by vaccination. A total of 128, 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into four groups. Group normal control (NC) was the control group. Group vaccination control (VC), T 0.5%, and T 1% were the treatment groups, which were nasally vaccinated with two doses of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. The chicks in groups T 0.5% and T 1% were fed conventional diets containing 0.5% and 1% anti-stress agents. Thereafter, these broilers were slaughtered on 1, 7, 14, and 21 days post-vaccination. The results indicated that anti-stress agents could significantly reduce serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (P < 0.01) and cortisol (CORT) (P < 0.05) levels, and improve the growth performance (P < 0.05) and immune function of broilers (P < 0.05); However, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) were decreased, and the decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P < 0.01) levels mediated by vaccination were markedly improved. In addition, anti-stress agents could attenuate apoptosis in spleen lymphocytes (P < 0.01) by upregulating the ratio of Bcl-2 to BAX (P < 0.01) and downregulating the expression of caspase-3 and -9 (P < 0.01), which might be attributed to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities of caspase-3 and -9 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, anti-stress agents may improve growth performance and immune function in broilers under immune-stress conditions.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Investigation of effects and mechanism of immune stress induced by vaccination.Beneficial effect of anti-stress agents on growth performance, immune function, oxidative stress, and regulation of lymphocyte apoptosis.Demonstration of the effects of apoptosis on immune function in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Qu
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Ye
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Laboratory of Animal Clinical Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jine Yi
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Wen
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfang Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, People's Republic of China
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Zhang B, Sun H, Sun Z, Liu N, Liu R, Zhong Q. Glutamine alleviated heat stress-induced damage of porcine intestinal epithelium associated with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway mediated by heat shock protein 70. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad127. [PMID: 37104726 PMCID: PMC10355369 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) addition on the damage of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) induced by heat stress (HS). IPEC-J2 cultured in logarithmic growth period in vitro were firstly exposed to 42 °C for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h for cell viability and cultured with 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10 mmol Gln per L of culture media for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to determine the optimal disposal strategy (HS, 42 °C for 12 h and HSP70 expression, 6 mmol/L Gln treatment for 24 h). Then IPEC-J2 cells were divided into three groups: control group (Con, cultured at 37 °C), HS group (HS, cultured at 42 °C for 12 h), and glutamine group (Gln+HS, cultured at 42 °C for 12 h combined with 6 mmol/L Gln treatment for 24 h). The results showed that HS treatment for 12 h significantly decreased the cell viability of IPEC-J2 (P < 0.05) and 6 mmol/L Gln treatment for 12 h increased HSP70 expression (P < 0.05). HS treatment increased the permeability of IPEC-J2, evidenced by the increased fluorescent yellow flux rates (P < 0.05) and the decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (P < 0.05). Moreover, the downregulated protein expression of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 was observed in HS group (P < 0.05), but Gln addition alleviated the negative effects on permeability and the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier induced by HS (P < 0.05). In addition, HS resulted in the elevations in HSP70 expression, cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic cytochrome c potential expression, and the protein expressions of apoptosis-related factors (apoptotic protease-activating factor-1, cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3, and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-9) (P < 0.05); however, the reductions in mitochondrial membrane potential expression and B-cell lymphoma-2 expression were induced by HS (P < 0.05). But Gln treatment attenuated HS-induced adverse effects mentioned above (P < 0.05). Taken together, Gln treatment exhibited protective effects in protecting IPEC-J2 from cell apoptosis and the damaged integrity of epithelial mucosal barrier induced by HS, which may be associated with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway mediated by HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Zhang
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal College, Ping'an Avenue, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng street, Jingyue District, Changchun 130118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zewei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng street, Jingyue District, Changchun 130118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal College, Ping'an Avenue, Hong Huagang District, Zunyi 563006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rujie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng street, Jingyue District, Changchun 130118, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingzhen Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, No. 2888, Xincheng street, Jingyue District, Changchun 130118, People’s Republic of China
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Astuti PK, Ilie DE, Gavojdian D, Wanjala G, Badaoui B, Ohran H, Pasic-Juhas E, Bagi Z, Jávor A, Kusza S. Validation of SNP markers for thermotolerance adaptation in Ovis aries adapted to different climatic regions using KASP-PCR technique. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22348. [PMID: 36572697 PMCID: PMC9792578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on 51 SNPs belonging to 29 genes related to heat stress was carried out in 720 sheep from 17 different breeds adapted to different climates from Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Morocco and Romania, using Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction. Genotype frequency and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were calculated, followed by a clustering using the Principal Component Analysis. We analyzed the polymorphisms in the following genes analyzed: HSPA12A, HSP90AA1, IL33, DIO2, BTNL2, CSN2, ABCG1, CSN1S1, GHR, HSPA8, STAT3, and HCRT. We emphasized on HSPA12A and HSPA8 genes as they were successfully genotyped in all studied flocks in which genotype frequency patterns were identified. Contrary to previous findings, the A allele for HSPA8 SNP was not observed in the heat tolerant breeds, being found exclusively in cold-tolerant breeds. The principal component analysis could not clearly differentiate the breeds, while plot concentration was slightly varied among the three groups, with HSP90AA1 and IL33 SNPs' loading values significantly contributing to PC1 and PC2. We confirmed previous works that the HSPA12A, HSPA8, HSP90AA1 and IL33 SNPs are potential candidate markers for thermotolerance adaptation in sheep. This research contributes to the genetic variability of SNPs for thermotolerance adaptability in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Kusuma Astuti
- Centre of Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | | | - Dinu Gavojdian
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotesti, 077015, Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania
| | - George Wanjala
- Centre of Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Bouabid Badaoui
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco and African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Husein Ohran
- Department of Physiology, University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Eva Pasic-Juhas
- Department of Physiology, University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty, 71 000, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Zoltán Bagi
- Centre of Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - András Jávor
- Centre of Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Kusza
- Centre of Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Identification of Novel mRNA Isoforms Associated with Acute Heat Stress Response Using RNA Sequencing Data in Sprague Dawley Rats. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121740. [PMID: 36552250 PMCID: PMC9774719 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in animals to high temperatures remain unclear. This study identified the differentially expressed mRNA isoforms which narrowed down the most reliable DEG markers and molecular pathways that underlie the mechanisms of thermoregulation. This experiment was performed on Sprague Dawley rats housed at 22 °C (control group; CT), and three acute heat-stressed groups housed at 42 °C for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120). Earlier, we demonstrated that acute heat stress increased the rectal temperature of rats, caused abnormal changes in the blood biochemical parameters, as well as induced dramatic changes in the expression levels of genes through epigenetics and post-transcriptional regulation. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) data obtained previously from blood (CT and H120), liver (CT, H30, H60, and H120), and adrenal glands (CT, H30, H60, and H120) was performed. The differentially expressed mRNA isoforms (DEIs) were identified and annotated by the CLC Genomics Workbench. Biological process and metabolic pathway analyses were performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. A total of 225, 5764, and 4988 DEIs in the blood, liver, and adrenal glands were observed. Furthermore, the number of novel differentially expressed transcript lengths with annotated genes and novel differentially expressed transcript with non-annotated genes were 136 and 8 in blood, 3549 and 120 in the liver, as well as 3078 and 220 in adrenal glands, respectively. About 35 genes were involved in the heat stress response, out of which, Dnaja1, LOC680121, Chordc1, AABR07011951.1, Hsp90aa1, Hspa1b, Cdkn1a, Hmox1, Bag3, and Dnaja4 were commonly identified in the liver and adrenal glands, suggesting that these genes may regulate heat stress response through interactions between the liver and adrenal glands. In conclusion, this study would enhance our understanding of the complex underlying mechanisms of acute heat stress, and the identified mRNA isoforms and genes can be used as potential candidates for thermotolerance selection in mammals.
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Tang S, Li M, Sun Y, Liao Y, Wu X, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Effects of chronic heat stress on the immunophenotyping of lymphocytes in immune organs of growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac317. [PMID: 36198005 PMCID: PMC9671119 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic heat stress on the immunophenotyping of lymphocytes in immune organs of growing pigs. A single-factor randomized block design was used, and 15 healthy growing large white barrows (5 litters, 3 pigs/litter) with similar body weight (40.8 kg) were assigned into 3 groups (5 pigs in each group). Groups were: control group (Con, in 23 °C environmental control chamber, fed ad libitum), heat stress group (HS, in 33 °C environmental control chamber, fed ad libitum), and pair-fed group (PF, in 23 °C environmental control chamber, fed diets according to the feed intake of HS group). After a 7-d adaption, the experiment lasted for 21 d. The results showed as follows: (1) activated T cells in the thymus of HS pigs were higher than those in PF pigs (P < 0.05). Monocytes and dendritic cells in the thymus of HS pigs were significantly higher than that in Con and PF pigs (P < 0.05), while the proportions of these 2 lymphocytes in the thymus of Con pigs did not differ from PF pigs (P > 0.05). Compared with Con pigs, the proportion of CD4+ (P < 0.05) and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.10) in the thymus was increased in HS pigs, while the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PF pigs did not differ from Con pigs (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with Con pigs, significantly decreased T cells, increased B cells and monocytes were found in the spleen of pigs exposed to heat stress (P < 0.05); the proportions of these 3 types of lymphocytes were not significantly different between Con and PF pigs (P > 0.05). The proportions of CD4+ T cells and Treg cells in the spleen of pigs exposed to heat stress tended to be lower than those in the Con pigs (P < 0.10). (3) The proportion of lymphocytes in the tonsils of pigs exposed to heat stress did not differ from Con pigs (P > 0.05); compared with PF pigs, the proportion of Treg cells was significantly decreased in HS pigs (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic heat stress stimulates the development and maturation of T cells in the pig thymus toward CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increases the proportion of monocytes and dendritic cells; under the condition of chronic heat stress, the immune response process in the spleen of pigs is enhanced, but chronic heat stress impairs the survival of CD4+ T cells in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Meijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- Beijing Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liao
- Hubei Bangzhide Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430061, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Hubei Bangzhide Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430061, PR China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
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Vásquez N, Cervantes M, Bernal-Barragán H, Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Morales A. Short- and Long-Term Exposure to Heat Stress Differently Affect Performance, Blood Parameters, and Integrity of Intestinal Epithelia of Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192529. [PMID: 36230270 PMCID: PMC9559682 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of short- and long-term exposure to heat stress (HS) was analyzed on blood components, performance, and intestinal epithelium integrity of pigs. Eighteen pigs (36.0 ± 3.5 kg BW) were assigned to three groups: thermo-neutral (TN); 2 d exposure to HS (2dHS); and 7 d exposure to HS (7dHS). Blood chemistry and hemogram analyses were performed; small intestine samples were analyzed for mRNA expression and histology. Compared to TN, 2dHS and 7dHS pigs reduced weight gain and feed intake; weight gain was higher in 7dHS than in 2dHS pigs (p < 0.05). White blood cells, platelet, and hematocrit were affected in 2dHS and 7dHS compared to TN pigs (p < 0.05). Short- and long-term exposure to HS affected blood concentration of triglycerides, urea, total protein, and albumin (p ≤ 0.05). Villi-height and crypt-depth decreased in HS pigs (p < 0.01). Mucin-producing and apoptotic cell number increased in 7dHS compared to TN pigs (p < 0.05). Expression of tight-junction-proteins decreased in 2dHS pigs compared to TN and 7dHS pigs (p < 0.05). Short-term exposure of pigs to HS dramatically affects performance, blood components, and integrity of the small intestine epithelia; nevertheless, pigs show signs of recovery at 7 d of HS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Vásquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 2100, B.C., Mexico
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, N.L., Mexico
| | - Miguel Cervantes
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 2100, B.C., Mexico
| | - Hugo Bernal-Barragán
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, N.L., Mexico
| | - Luis Edgar Rodríguez-Tovar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, N.L., Mexico
| | - Adriana Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 2100, B.C., Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Influence of Heat Stress on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function, Tight Junction Protein, and Immune and Reproductive Physiology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8547379. [PMID: 36093404 PMCID: PMC9458360 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8547379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential threat of global warming in the 21st century is on the ecosystem through many aspects, including the negative impact of rising global temperature on the health of humans and animals, especially domestic animals. The damage caused by heat stress to animals has been more and more significant as the worldwide climate continues to rise, along with the breeding industry's expanding scale and stocking density, and it has become the most important stress-causing factor in southern China. In this review, we described the effects of heat stress on animal immune organs and immune system. The much-debated topic is how hyperthermia affects the tight junction barrier. Heat stress also induces inflammation in the body of animals causing low body weight and loss of appetite. This review also discussed that heat stress leads to hepatic disorder, and it also damages the intestine. The small intestine experiences ischemia, and the permeability of the intestine increases. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have a significant role in stress-induced cellular and organ injury. The study has shown that MAPK activity in the small intestine was increased by heat stress. Heat stress caused extreme small intestine damage, enhanced oxidative stress, and activated MAPK signaling pathways.
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11
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Zhang X, Yang L, Wang M, Zeng J, Long S, He T, Chen Z. Effect of precision air supply cooling system with different cooling air speed on reproductive performance, stress status, immunoglobulin and fecal microbiota of lactating sows. J Therm Biol 2022; 108:103249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Yang K, Deng X, Jian S, Zhang M, Wen C, Xin Z, Zhang L, Tong A, Ye S, Liao P, Xiao Z, He S, Zhang F, Deng J, Zhang L, Deng B. Gallic Acid Alleviates Gut Dysfunction and Boosts Immune and Antioxidant Activities in Puppies Under Environmental Stress Based on Microbiome-Metabolomics Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:813890. [PMID: 35095912 PMCID: PMC8795593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life exposure to environmental stress disrupts the gut barrier and leads to inflammatory responses and changes in gut microbiota composition. Gallic acid (GA), a natural plant polyphenol, has received significant interest for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that support the maintenance of intestinal health. To assess whether dietary supplementation of GA alleviates environmental stress, a total of 19 puppies were randomly allocated to the following three dietary treatments for 2 weeks: 1) basal diet (control (CON)); 2) basal diet + transportation (TS); and 3) basal diet with the addition of 500 mg/kg of GA + transportation (TS+GA). After a 1-week supplementation period, puppies in the TS and TS+GA groups were transported from a stressful environment to another livable location, and puppies in the CON group were then left in the stressful environment. Results indicated that GA markedly reduced the diarrhea rate in puppies throughout the trial period and caused a moderate decline of serum cortisol and HSP-70 levels after transportation. Also, GA alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by multiple environmental stressors. Meanwhile, puppies fed GA had a higher abundance of fecal Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and lower Proteobacteria, Escherichia–Shigella, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 after transportation. As a result, the TS+GA group had the highest total short-chain fatty acids and acetic acid. Also, the fecal and serum metabolomics analyses revealed that GA markedly reversed the abnormalities of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism caused by stresses. Finally, Spearman’s correlation analysis was carried out to explore the comprehensive microbiota and metabolite relationships. Overall, dietary supplementation of GA alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in stressed puppies by causing beneficial shifts on gut microbiota and metabolites that may support gut and host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Deng
- Department of Urology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shiyan Jian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyu Wen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongquan Xin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limeng Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aorigeile Tong
- Research Center of Pet Nutrition, Guangzhou Qingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibin Ye
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinfeng Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaili Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shansong He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingna Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baichuan Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Xiong Y, Li J, He S. Zinc Protects against Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis via the Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in TM3 Leydig Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:728-739. [PMID: 33738683 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS)-induced apoptosis in Leydig cells is mediated by various molecular mechanisms, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Zinc, an inorganic mineral element, exhibits several cytoprotective properties, but its potential protective action against Leydig cell apoptosis and the related molecular mechanisms has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of zinc sulfate, a predominant chemical form of zinc, exerted on cell viability, apoptosis, and testosterone production in HS-treated TM3 Leydig cells and investigated the underlying signaling pathways. HS treatment inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the induction of the activity of caspase 3, an executioner of apoptosis, involved in the expression of pro-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), and in the reduction of the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), thereby activating ER stress marker protein expression (glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)). However, zinc sulfate led to the attenuation of deleterious effects, including increases in apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, Bax, GRP78, and CHOP expression, and decreases in cell viability and Bcl-2 protein expression in cells treated with HS or thapsigargin (an ER stress activator). Furthermore, 4-phenylbutyric acid (an ER stress inhibitor) treatment markedly alleviated the HS-induced adverse effects in cells exposed to HS, which was similar to zinc sulfate. Additionally, zinc sulfate supplementation in the culture medium effectively restored the HS-induced decrease in testosterone levels in HS-treated cells. In summary, these findings indicate that HS triggers apoptosis in TM3 Leydig cells via the ER stress pathway and that zinc confers protection against these detrimental effects. This study provides new insights into the benefits of using zinc against HS-induced apoptosis and cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojun He
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
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14
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Zheng Y, Xie T, Li S, Wang W, Wang Y, Cao Z, Yang H. Effects of Selenium as a Dietary Source on Performance, Inflammation, Cell Damage, and Reproduction of Livestock Induced by Heat Stress: A Review. Front Immunol 2022; 12:820853. [PMID: 35116042 PMCID: PMC8803637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.820853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress as a result of global warming has harmful consequences for livestock and is thus becoming an urgent issue for animal husbandry worldwide. Ruminants, growing pigs, and poultry are very susceptible to heat stress because of their fast growth, rapid metabolism, high production levels, and sensitivity to temperature. Heat stress compromises the efficiency of animal husbandry by affecting performance, gastrointestinal health, reproductive physiology, and causing cell damage. Selenium (Se) is an essential nutritional trace element for livestock production, which acts as a structural component in at least 25 selenoproteins (SELs); it is involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, and plays a key role in the antioxidant defense system. Dietary Se supplementation has been confirmed to support gastrointestinal health, production performance, and reproductive physiology under conditions of heat stress. The underlying mechanisms include the regulation of nutrient digestibility influenced by gastrointestinal microorganisms, antioxidant status, and immunocompetence. Moreover, heat stress damage to the gastrointestinal and mammary barrier is closely related to cell physiological functions, such as the fluidity and stability of cellular membranes, and the inhibition of receptors as well as transmembrane transport protein function. Se also plays an important role in inhibiting cell apoptosis and reducing cell inflammatory response induced by heat stress. This review highlights the progress of research regarding the dietary supplementation of Se in the mitigation of heat stress, addressing its mechanism and explaining the effect of Se on cell damage caused by heat stress, in order to provide a theoretical reference for the use of Se to mitigate heat stress in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Chen S, Yong Y, Ju X. Effect of heat stress on growth and production performance of livestock and poultry: Mechanism to prevention. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103019. [PMID: 34420644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a widespread phenomenon in domestic animal feeding in tropical and sub-tropical areas that are subjected to a growing negative effect in livestock and poultry due to global warming. It leads to reduced food intake, retarded growth, intestinal disequilibrium, lower reproductive performance, immunity and endocrine disorders in livestock and poultry. Many studies show that the pathogenesis of heat stress is mainly related to oxidative stress, hormone secretion disorder, cytokine imbalance, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, and abnormal cell function. Its mechanism refers to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, the fluctuation of tight junction protein and heat shock protein expression, and protein epigenetic modification. This manuscript reviews the mechanism of heat stress through an insight into the digestive, reproductive, immune, and endocrine system. Lastly, the progress in prevention and control techniques of heat stress has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yanhong Yong
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518018, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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16
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Chauhan SS, Rashamol VP, Bagath M, Sejian V, Dunshea FR. Impacts of heat stress on immune responses and oxidative stress in farm animals and nutritional strategies for amelioration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:1231-1244. [PMID: 33496873 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is one of the greatest challenges for the global livestock industries as increased environmental temperature and humidity compromises animal production during summer leading to devastating economic consequences. Over the last 30 years, significant developments have been achieved in cooling and provision of shade and shelter to mitigate heat stress reducing some of the losses associated with heat stress in farm animals. However, the recent increase in the incidence of heat waves which are also becoming more severe and lasting longer, due to climate change, further accentuates the problem of heat stress. Economic losses associated with heat stress are both direct due to loss in production and animal life, and indirect due to poorer quality products as a result of poor animal health and welfare. Animal health is affected due to impaired immune responses and increased reactive oxygen species production and/or deficiency of antioxidants during heat stress leading to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidants and resultant oxidative stress. Research over the last 20 years has achieved partial success in understanding the intricacies of heat stress impacts on oxidative stress and immune responses and developing interventions to ameliorate impacts of heat stress, improving immune responses and farm animal health. This paper reviews the body of knowledge on heat stress impacts on immune response in farm animals. The impacts of heat stress on both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses have been discussed identifying the shift in immune response from cell-mediated towards humoral response, thereby weakening the immune status of the animal. Both species and breed differences have been identified as influencing how heat stress impacts the immune status of farm animals. In addition, crosstalk signaling between the immune system and oxidative stress has been considered and the role of antioxidants as potential nutritional strategies to mitigate heat stress has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder S Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - V P Rashamol
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M Bagath
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Veerasamy Sejian
- ICAR National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Käser T. Swine as biomedical animal model for T-cell research-Success and potential for transmittable and non-transmittable human diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:95-115. [PMID: 33873098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Swine is biologically one of the most relevant large animal models for biomedical research. With its use as food animal that can be exploited as a free cell and tissue source for research and its high susceptibility to human diseases, swine additionally represent an excellent option for both the 3R principle and One Health research. One of the previously most limiting factors of the pig model was its arguably limited immunological toolbox. Yet, in the last decade, this toolbox has vastly improved including the ability to study porcine T-cells. This review summarizes the swine model for biomedical research with focus on T cells. It first contrasts the swine model to the more commonly used mouse and non-human primate model before describing the current capabilities to characterize and extend our knowledge on porcine T cells. Thereafter, it not only reflects on previous biomedical T-cell research but also extends into areas in which more in-depth T-cell analyses could strongly benefit biomedical research. While the former should inform on the successes of biomedical T-cell research in swine, the latter shall inspire swine T-cell researchers to find collaborations with researchers working in other areas - such as nutrition, allergy, cancer, transplantation, infectious diseases, or vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 27607 Raleigh, NC, USA.
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18
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Adverse Effects of Heat Stress on the Intestinal Integrity and Function of Pigs and the Mitigation Capacity of Dietary Antioxidants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041135. [PMID: 33921090 PMCID: PMC8071411 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) significantly affects the performance of pigs by its induced stressors such as inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress (OS), which mightily strain the intestinal integrity and function of pigs. As heat stress progresses, several mechanisms in the intestinal epithelium involved in the absorption of nutrients and its protective functions are altered. Changes in these mechanisms are mainly driven by cellular oxidative stress, which promotes disruption of intestinal homeostasis, leading to intestinal permeability, emphasizing intestinal histology and morphology with little possibility of recovering even after exposure to HS. Identification and understanding of these altered mechanisms are crucial for providing appropriate intervention strategies. Therefore, it is this papers' objective to review the important components for intestinal integrity that are negatively affected by HS and its induced stressors. With due consideration to the amelioration of such effects through nutritional intervention, this work will also look into the capability of dietary antioxidants in mitigating such adverse effects and maintaining the intestine's integrity and function upon the pigs' exposure to high environmental temperature.
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Pan S, Tan H, Chang R, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Chen L, Li H, Su G, Zhou C, Cao Q, Kijlstra A, Yang P. High Ambient Temperature Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Symptoms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629306. [PMID: 33842459 PMCID: PMC8027130 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether ambient temperature influences immune responses leading to uveitis is unknown. We thus tested whether ambient temperature affects the symptoms of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in mice and investigated possible mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were kept at a normal (22°C) or high temperature (30°C) housing conditions for 2 weeks and were then immunized with human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP651–670) peptide to induce EAU. Histological changes were monitored to evaluate the severity of uveitis. Frequency of Th1 cells and Th17 cells was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A mRNA was measured by real-time qPCR. The generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Differential metabolites in the plasma of the mice kept in the aforementioned two ambient temperatures were measured via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ/MS). The differential metabolites identified were used to evaluate their effects on differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells and generation of NETs in vitro. The results showed that EAU mice kept at high temperature experienced a more severe histopathological manifestation of uveitis than mice kept at a normal temperature. A significantly increased frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells in association with an upregulated expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A mRNA was observed in the splenic lymphocytes and retinas of EAU mice in high temperature. The expression of NETs as evidenced by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE), was significantly elevated in serum and supernatants of neutrophils from EAU mice kept at high temperature compared to the normal temperature group. The metabolites in the plasma from EAU mice, fumaric acid and succinic acid, were markedly increased in the high temperature group and could induce the generation of NETs via the NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway, but did not influence the frequency of Th1 and Th17 cells. Our findings suggest that an increased ambient temperature is a risk factor for the development of uveitis. This is associated with the induction of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as the generation of NETs which could be mediated by the NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Handan Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongxi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Xiong Y, Jin E, Yin Q, Che C, He S. Boron Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mouse Granulosa Cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:611-621. [PMID: 32385716 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress-induced apoptosis in granulosa cells is mediated by multiple apoptotic signaling pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Boron is a naturally occurring trace element with several cytoprotective properties. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective functions of boron in granulosa cells undergoing apoptosis caused by heat stress (HS) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of boric acid, a predominant chemical form of boron, in HS-induced apoptotic damage in mouse granulosa cells (mGCs) and explored the underlying mechanisms. We found that HS treatment suppressed cell viability; increased the apoptotic rate of cells; potentiated the activity of caspase-3, a key player in the caspase-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway; and activated ER stress markers, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) in mGCs. However, boric acid treatment effectively alleviated the effects of both HS-induced and thapsigargin (an ER stress agonist)-induced apoptosis, such as the enhanced activity of caspase-3 and increase in GRP78 and CHOP expression. Moreover, treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an ER stress antagonist, significantly attenuated these HS-induced adverse effects in mGCs. In addition, boric acid supplementation in the culture medium significantly restored the decreased estradiol levels in heat-treated mGCs. The administration of boric acid to female mice previously exposed to hyperthermal conditions effectively restored the levels of serum estradiol in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that HS induces apoptosis in mGCs via ER stress pathways and that boron has a protective effect against these adverse effects. This study provides novel insights into the benefits of using boron against heat-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Erhui Jin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Qirun Yin
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanyan Che
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojun He
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Quality and Safety Control for Pork of the Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
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Miretti S, Lecchi C, Ceciliani F, Baratta M. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Animal Health and Welfare in Livestock. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:578193. [PMID: 33392281 PMCID: PMC7775535 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.578193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that orchestrate a wide range of biological processes through the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. An intriguing aspect in identifying these molecules as biomarkers is derived from their role in cell-to-cell communication, their active secretion from cells into the extracellular environment, their high stability in body fluids, and their ease of collection. All these features confer on miRNAs the potential to become a non-invasive tool to score animal welfare. There is growing interest in the importance of miRNAs as biomarkers for assessing the welfare of livestock during metabolic, environmental, and management stress, particularly in ruminants, pigs, and poultry. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding the potential use of tissue and/or circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the assessment of the health and welfare status in these livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Miretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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Li JJ, Ren WJ, Yin HY, Zhao YF, Tang Y. Underlying mechanisms for intestinal diseases arising from stress. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:617-627. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i14.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an instinctive defense mechanism of the body in the competition for survival, but long-term or chronic stress will lead to systemic pathological manifestations. Intestinal diseases are closely related to pathological stress. This paper reviews the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases arising from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Li
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yin
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Acupuncture and Chronobiology, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
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23
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Selenium Attenuates Chronic Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis via the Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Mouse Granulosa Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030557. [PMID: 32012916 PMCID: PMC7037519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress induces apoptosis in various cells. Selenium, an essential micronutrient, has beneficial effects in maintaining the cellular physiological functions. However, its potential protective action against chronic heat stress (CHS)-induced apoptosis in granulosa cells and the related molecular mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the roles of selenium in CHS-induced apoptosis in mouse granulosa cells and explored its underlying mechanism. The heat treatment for 6–48 h induced apoptosis, potentiated caspase 3 activity, increased the expression levels of apoptosis-related gene BAX and ER stress markers, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells. The treatment with ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA significantly attenuated the adverse effects caused by CHS. Selenium treatment significantly attenuated the CHS- or thapsigargin (Tg, an ER stress activator)-induced apoptosis, potentiation of caspase 3 activity, and the increased protein expression levels of BAX, GRP78, and CHOP. Additionally, treatment of the cells with 5 ng/mL selenium significantly ameliorated the levels of estradiol, which were decreased in response to heat exposure. Consistently, administering selenium supplement alleviated the hyperthermia-caused reduction in the serum estradiol levels in vivo. Together, our findings indicate that selenium has protective effects on CHS-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the ER stress pathway. The current study provides new insights in understanding the role of selenium during the process of heat-induced cell apoptosis.
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