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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yang L, Kong Q, Zhang H. Microbial degradation mechanisms of surface petroleum contaminated seawater in a typical oil trading port. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121420. [PMID: 36906058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons are significant new persistent organic pollutants for marine oil spill risk areas. Oil trading ports, in turn, have become major bearers of the risk of offshore oil pollution. However, studies on the molecular mechanisms of microbial degradation of petroleum pollutants by natural seawater are limited. Here, an in situ microcosm study was conducted. Combined with metagenomics, differences in metabolic pathways and in the gene abundances of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) are revealed under different conditions. About 88% degradation of TPH was shown after 3 weeks of treatment. The positive responders to TPH were concentrated in the genera Cycloclasticus, Marivita and Sulfitobacter of the orders Rhodobacterales and Thiotrichales. The genera Marivita, Roseobacter, Lentibacter and Glaciecola were key degradation species when mixing dispersants with oil, and all of the above are from the Proteobacteria phylum. The analysis showed that the biodegradability of aromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and dioxin were enhanced after the oil spill, and genes with higher abundances of bphAa, bsdC, nahB, doxE and mhpD were found, but the photosynthesis-related mechanism was inhibited. The dispersant treatment effectively stimulated the microbial degradation of TPH and then accelerated the succession of microbial communities. Meanwhile, functions such as bacterial chemotaxis and carbon metabolism (cheA, fadeJ and fadE) were better developed, but the degradation of persistent organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was weakened. Our study provides insights into the metabolic pathways and specific functional genes for oil degradation by marine microorganisms and will help improve the application and practice of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Zhou
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Likun Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250000, China.
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2
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Microbial community structure and exploration of bioremediation enzymes: functional metagenomics insight into Arabian Sea sediments. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:627-651. [PMID: 36933058 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea sediments provide important information on oceanic biogeochemical processes mediated by the microbiome and their functional roles which could be unravelled using genomic tools. The present study aimed to delineate microbial taxonomic and functional profiles from Arabian Sea sediment samples through whole metagenome sequencing using Nanopore technology. Arabian Sea is considered as a major microbial reservoir with significant bio-prospecting potential which needs to be explored extensively using recent advances in genomics. Assembly, co-assembly, and binning methods were used to predict Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs) which were further characterized by their completeness and heterogeneity. Nanopore sequencing of Arabian Sea sediment samples generated around 1.73 tera basepairs of data. Proteobacteria (78.32%) was found to be the most dominant phylum followed by Bacteroidetes (9.55%) and Actinobacteria (2.14%) in the sediment metagenome. Further, 35 MAGs from assembled and 38 MAGs of co-assembled reads were generated from long-read sequence dataset with major representations from the genera Marinobacter, Kangiella, and Porticoccus. RemeDB analysis revealed a high representation of pollutant-degrading enzymes involved in hydrocarbon, plastic and dye degradation. Validation of enzymes with long nanopore reads using BlastX resulted in better characterization of complete gene signatures involved in hydrocarbon (6-monooxygenase and 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase) and dye degradation (Arylsulfatase). Enhancing the cultivability of deep-sea microbes predicted from the uncultured WGS approaches by I-tip method resulted in isolation of facultative extremophiles. This study presents a comprehensive insight into the taxonomic and functional profiles of Arabian Sea sediments, indicating a potential hotspot for bioprospection.
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3
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Abufalgha AA, Curson ARJ, Lea-Smith DJ, Pott RWM. The effect of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2, a hydrocarbon-metabolising organism, on gas holdup in a 4-phase bubble column bioprocess. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:635-644. [PMID: 36757455 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
To design bioprocesses utilising hydrocarbon-metabolising organisms (HMO) as biocatalysts, the effect of the organism on the hydrodynamics of bubble column reactor (BCR), such as gas holdup, needs to be investigated. Therefore, this study investigates the first use of an HMO, Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2, as a solid phase in the operation and hydrodynamics of a BCR. The study investigated the gas holdup in 3-phase and 4-phase systems in a BCR under ranges of superficial gas velocities (UG) from 1 to 3 cm/s, hydrocarbon (chain length C13-21) concentrations (HC) of 0, 5, and 10% v/v and microbial concentrations (MC) of 0, 0.35, 0.6 g/l. The results indicated that UG was the most significant parameter, as gas holdup increases linearly with increasing UG from 1 to 3 cm/s. Furthermore, the addition of hydrocarbons into the air-deionized water -SK2 system showed the highest increase in the gas holdup, particularly at high UG (above 2 cm/s). The solids (yeast, cornflour, and SK2) phases had differing effects on gas holdup, potentially due to the difference in surface activity. In this work, SK2 addition caused a reduction in the fluid surface tension in the bioprocess which therefore resulted in an increase in the gas holdup in BCR. This work builds upon previous investigations in optimising the hydrodynamics for bubble column hydrocarbon bioprocesses for the application of alkane bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Abufalgha
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Banghoek Road, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis (C* Change), Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Andrew R J Curson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis (C* Change), Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - David J Lea-Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis (C* Change), Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Robert W M Pott
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Banghoek Road, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa. .,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Catalysis (C* Change), Rondebosch, South Africa.
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4
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Clagnan E, D'Imporzano G, Dell'Orto M, Bani A, Dumbrell AJ, Parati K, Acién-Fernández FG, Portillo-Hahnefeld A, Martel-Quintana A, Gómez-Pinchetti JL, Adani F. Centrate as a sustainable growth medium: Impact on microalgal inocula and bacterial communities in tubular photobioreactor cultivation systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127979. [PMID: 36126844 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Centrate is a low-cost alternative to synthetic fertilizers for microalgal cultivation, reducing environmental burdens and remediation costs. Adapted microalgae need to be selected and characterised to maximise biomass production and depuration efficiency. Here, the performance and composition of six microalgal communities cultivated both on synthetic media and centrate within semi-open tubular photobioreactors were investigated through Illumina sequencing. Biomass grown on centrate, exposed to a high concentration of ammonium, showed a higher quantity of nitrogen (5.6% dry weight) than the biomass grown on the synthetic media nitrate (3.9% dry weight). Eukaryotic inocula were replaced by other microalgae while cyanobacterial inocula were maintained. Communities were generally similar for the same inoculum between media, however, inoculation with cyanobacteria led to variability within the eukaryotic community. Where communities differed, centrate resulted in a higher richness and diversity. The higher nitrogen of centrate possibly led to higher abundance of genes coding for N metabolism enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Clagnan
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Giuliana D'Imporzano
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy.
| | - Marta Dell'Orto
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
| | - Alessia Bani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy; School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO3 4SQ, UK; Istituto Sperimentale Lazzaro Spallanzani, loc La Quercia, 2602 Rivolta d'Adda, CR, Italy
| | - Alex J Dumbrell
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO3 4SQ, UK
| | - Katia Parati
- Istituto Sperimentale Lazzaro Spallanzani, loc La Quercia, 2602 Rivolta d'Adda, CR, Italy
| | - Francisco Gabriel Acién-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, University of Almeria, Cañada San Urbano, s/n, 04120 Almeria, Spain
| | - Agustín Portillo-Hahnefeld
- Spanish Bank of Algae (BEA), Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Antera Martel-Quintana
- Spanish Bank of Algae (BEA), Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Gómez-Pinchetti
- Spanish Bank of Algae (BEA), Institute of Oceanography and Global Change (IOCAG), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35214 Telde, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo Ricicla labs., Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Italy
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5
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Lourens A, Falch A, Otto D, Malgas-Enus R. Magnetic styrene polymers obtained via coordination polymerization of styrene by Ni and Cu nanoparticles. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Hickl V, Juarez G. Effect of dispersants on bacterial colonization of oil droplets: A microfluidic approach. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113645. [PMID: 35429836 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria biodegradation of immiscible oil requires cell-droplet encounters, surface attachment, and hydrocarbon metabolism. Chemical dispersants are applied to oil spills to reduce the mean dispersed droplet size, thereby increasing the available surface area for attachment, in attempts to facilitate bacterial biodegradation. However, their effectiveness remains contentious as studies have shown that dispersants can inhibit, enhance, or have no effect on biodegradation. Therefore, questions remain on whether dispersants affect surface attachment or cell viability. Here, using microfluidics and time-lapse microscopy, we directly observe the attachment and growth of the marine bacterium, Alcanivorax borkumensis, on stationary crude oil droplets (5 μm < R < 150 μm) in the presence of Corexit 9500. We show that the average colonization time, or the time comprised of encounters, attachment, and growth, is dependent on droplet size and primarily driven by diffusive encounters. Our results suggest that dispersants do not inhibit or enhance these biophysical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Hickl
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gabriel Juarez
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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7
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Sustainable lotus leaf wax nanocuticles integrated polydimethylsiloxane sorbent for instant removal of oily waste from water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Uribe-Flores MM, García-Cruz U, Hernández-Nuñez E, Cerqueda-García D, Aguirre-Macedo ML, García-Maldonado JQ. Assessing the Effect of Chemical Dispersant Nokomis 3-F4 on the Degradation of a Heavy Crude Oil in Water by a Marine Microbial Consortium. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:93-98. [PMID: 33954861 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Degradation efficiency of a heavy crude oil by a marine microbial consortium was evaluated in this study, with and without the addition of a chemical dispersant (Nokomis 3-F4). 15.50% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were removed after 15 days of incubation without dispersant, with a degradation rate of 2.39 ± 0.22 mg L-1 day-1. In contrast, the addition of Nokomis 3-F4 increased TPH degradation up to 30.81% with a degradation rate of 5.07 ± 0.37 mg L-1 day-1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated a dominance of the consortium by Achromobacter and Alcanivorax. Nonetheless, significant increases in the relative abundance of Martelella and Ochrobactrum were observed with the addition of Nokomis 3-F4. These results will contribute to further environmental studies of the Gulf of Mexico, where Nokomis 3-F4 can be used as chemical dispersant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Magdalena Uribe-Flores
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Ulises García-Cruz
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Nuñez
- CONACYT - Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico
| | - M Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico.
| | - José Q García-Maldonado
- CONACYT - Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Mexico.
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9
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Martins VR, Freitas CJB, Castro AR, Silva RM, Gudiña EJ, Sequeira JC, Salvador AF, Pereira MA, Cavaleiro AJ. Corksorb Enhances Alkane Degradation by Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618270. [PMID: 34489874 PMCID: PMC8417381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosorbent materials are effective in the removal of spilled oil from water, but their effect on hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria is not known. Here, we show that corksorb, a cork-based biosorbent, enhances growth and alkane degradation by Rhodococcus opacus B4 (Ro) and Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (Ab). Ro and Ab degraded 96 ± 1% and 72 ± 2%, respectively, of a mixture of n-alkanes (2 g L–1) in the presence of corksorb. These values represent an increase of 6 and 24%, respectively, relative to the assays without corksorb. The biosorbent also increased the growth of Ab by 51%. However, no significant changes were detected in the expression of genes involved in alkane uptake and degradation in the presence of corksorb relative to the control without the biosorbent. Nevertheless, transcriptomics analysis revealed an increased expression of rRNA and tRNA coding genes, which confirms the higher metabolic activity of Ab in the presence of corksorb. The effect of corksorb is not related to the release of soluble stimulating compounds, but rather to the presence of the biosorbent, which was shown to be essential. Indeed, scanning electron microscopy images and downregulation of pili formation coding genes, which are involved in cell mobility, suggest that cell attachment on corksorb is a determinant for the improved activity. Furthermore, the existence of native alkane-degrading bacteria in corksorb was revealed, which may assist in situ bioremediation. Hence, the use of corksorb in marine oil spills may induce a combined effect of sorption and stimulated biodegradation, with high potential for enhancing in situ bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdo R Martins
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos J B Freitas
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - A Rita Castro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita M Silva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduardo J Gudiña
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João C Sequeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andreia F Salvador
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - M Alcina Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana J Cavaleiro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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10
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Inter- and Intra-Annual Bacterioplankton Community Patterns in a Deepwater Sub-Arctic Region: Persistent High Background Abundance of Putative Oil Degraders. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03701-20. [PMID: 33727364 PMCID: PMC8092327 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03701-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spills at sea are one of the most disastrous anthropogenic pollution events, with the Deepwater Horizon spill providing a testament to how profoundly the health of marine ecosystems and the livelihood of its coastal inhabitants can be severely impacted by spilled oil. The fate of oil in the environment is largely dictated by the presence and activities of natural communities of oil-degrading bacteria. Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria naturally degrade and remove petroleum pollutants, yet baselines do not currently exist for these critical microorganisms in many regions where the oil and gas industry is active. Furthermore, understanding how a baseline community changes across the seasons and its potential to respond to an oil spill event are prerequisites for predicting their response to elevated hydrocarbon exposures. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based profiling was used to assess the spatiotemporal variability of baseline bacterioplankton community composition in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC), a deepwater sub-Arctic region where the oil and gas industry has been active for the last 40 years. Over a period of 2 years, we captured the diversity of the bacterioplankton community within distinct water masses (defined by their temperature and salinity) that have a distinct geographic origin (Atlantic or Nordic), depth, and direction of flow. We demonstrate that bacterioplankton communities were significantly different across water samples of contrasting origin and depth. Taxa of known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were observed at higher-than-anticipated abundances in water masses originating in the Nordic Seas, suggesting these organisms are sustained by an unconfirmed source of oil input in that region. In the event of an oil spill, our results suggest that the response of these organisms is severely hindered by the low temperatures and nutrient levels that are typical for the FSC.
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Sharma KV, Sarvalingam BK, Marigoudar SR. A review of mesocosm experiments on heavy metals in marine environment and related issues of emerging concerns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1304-1316. [PMID: 33079346 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesocosms are real-world environmental science tools for bridging the gap between laboratory-scale experiments and actual habitat studies on ecosystem complexities. These experiments are increasingly being applied in understanding the complex impacts of heavy metals, ocean acidification, global warming, and oil spills. The insights of the present review indicate how metals and metal-bound activities impact on various aspects of ecological complexities like prey predator cues, growth, embryonic development, and reproduction. Plankton and benthos are used more often over fish and microbes owing to their smaller size, faster reproduction, amenability, and repeatability during mesocosm experiments. The results of ocean acidification reveal calcification of plankton, corals, alteration of pelagic structures, and plankton blooms. The subtle effect of oil spills is amplified on sediment microorganisms, primary producers, and crustaceans. An overview of the mesocosm designs over the years indicates that gradual changes have evolved in the type, size, design, composition, parameters, methodology employed, and the outputs obtained. Most of the pelagic and benthic mesocosm designs involve consideration of interactions within the water columns, between water and sediments, trophic levels, and nutrient rivalry. Mesocosm structures are built considering physical processes (tidal currents, turbulence, inner cycling of nutrients, thermal stratification, and mixing), biological complexities (population, community, and ecosystem) using appropriate filling containers, and sampling facilities that employ inert materials. The principle of design is easy transportation, mooring, deployment, and free floating structures besides addressing the unique ecosystem-based science problems. The evolution of the mesocosm tools helps in understanding further advancement of techniques and their applications in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Venkatarama Sharma
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Barath Kumar Sarvalingam
- National Centre for Coastal Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600 100, India
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12
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Chernikova TN, Bargiela R, Toshchakov SV, Shivaraman V, Lunev EA, Yakimov MM, Thomas DN, Golyshin PN. Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria Alcanivorax and Marinobacter Associated With Microalgae Pavlova lutheri and Nannochloropsis oculata. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:572931. [PMID: 33193176 PMCID: PMC7655873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.572931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria play an important role in natural petroleum biodegradation processes and were initially associated with man-made oil spills or natural seeps. There is no full clarity though on what, in the absence of petroleum, their natural niches are. Few studies pointed at some marine microalgae that produce oleophilic compounds (alkanes, long-chain fatty acids, and alcohols) as potential natural hosts of these bacteria. We established Dansk crude oil-based enrichment cultures with photobioreactor-grown marine microalgae cultures Pavlova lutheri and Nannochloropsis oculata and analyzed the microbial succession using cultivation and SSU (16S) rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that petroleum enforced a strong selection for members of Alpha- and Gamma-proteobacteria in both enrichment cultures with the prevalence of Alcanivorax and Marinobacter spp., well-known hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. In total, 48 non-redundant bacterial strains were isolated and identified to represent genera Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Thalassospira, Hyphomonas, Halomonas, Marinovum, Roseovarius, and Oleibacter, which were abundant in sequencing reads in both crude oil enrichments. Our assessment of public databases demonstrated some overlaps of geographical sites of isolation of Nannochloropsis and Pavlova with places of molecular detection and isolation of Alcanivorax and Marinobacter spp. Our study suggests that these globally important hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are associated with P. lutheri and N. oculata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N Chernikova
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,CEB-Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Evgenii A Lunev
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Michail M Yakimov
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology of the National Research Council, IRBIM-CNR, Messina, Italy
| | - David N Thomas
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,CEB-Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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13
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Park BS, Erdner DL, Bacosa HP, Liu Z, Buskey EJ. Potential effects of bacterial communities on the formation of blooms of the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum after the 2014 Texas City "Y" oil spill (USA). HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 95:101802. [PMID: 32439059 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The association between phytoplankton blooms and oil spills is still controversial despite numerous studies. Surprisingly, to date, there have been no studies on the effect of bacterial communities (BCs) exposed to crude oil on phytoplankton growth, even though crude oil changes BCs, which can then affect phytoplankton growth and species composition. Co-culture with crude oil-exposed BCs significantly stimulated the growth of Prorocentrum texanum in the laboratory. To gain more direct evidence, oil-degrading bacteria from oil-contaminated sediment collected after the Texas City "Y" oil spill were isolated, and changes in dinoflagellate growth when co-cultured with single bacterial isolates was investigated. The oil-degrading bacterial isolates significantly stimulated the growth of dinoflagellates (axenic and xenic cultures) through releasing growth-promoting substances. This study provides new evidence for the potential role of oil-degrading bacteria in the formation of phytoplankton blooms after an oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Soo Park
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA; Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, South Korea.
| | - Deana L Erdner
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Edward J Buskey
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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14
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Valencia-Agami SS, Cerqueda-García D, Putzeys S, Uribe-Flores MM, García-Cruz NU, Pech D, Herrera-Silveira J, Aguirre-Macedo ML, García-Maldonado JQ. Changes in the Bacterioplankton Community Structure from Southern Gulf of Mexico During a Simulated Crude Oil Spill at Mesocosm Scale. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100441. [PMID: 31614583 PMCID: PMC6843455 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The southern Gulf of Mexico (sGoM) is highly susceptible to receiving environmental impacts due to the recent increase in oil-related activities. In this study, we assessed the changes in the bacterioplankton community structure caused by a simulated oil spill at mesocosms scale. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that the initial bacterial community was mainly represented by Gamma-proteobacteria, Alpha-proteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, and Cyanobacteria. The hydrocarbon degradation activity, measured as the number of culturable hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (CHB) and by the copy number of the alkB gene, was relatively low at the beginning of the experiment. However, after four days, the hydrocarbonoclastic activity reached its maximum values and was accompanied by increases in the relative abundance of the well-known hydrocarbonoclastic Alteromonas. At the end of the experiment, the diversity was restored to similar values as those observed in the initial time, although the community structure and composition were clearly different, where Marivita, Pseudohongiella, and Oleibacter were detected to have differential abundances on days eight–14. These changes were related with total nitrogen (p value = 0.030 and r2 = 0.22) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p value = 0.048 and r2 = 0.25), according to PERMANOVA. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the potential response of the bacterioplankton from sGoM to crude oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia S Valencia-Agami
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM)-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - Sébastien Putzeys
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM)-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - María Magdalena Uribe-Flores
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - Norberto Ulises García-Cruz
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM)-Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Pech
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Marina y Cambio Climático, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Lerma Campeche, Campeche 24500, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Herrera-Silveira
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - M Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - José Q García-Maldonado
- CONACYT - Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
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15
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Khudur LS, Shahsavari E, Webster GT, Nugegoda D, Ball AS. The impact of lead co-contamination on ecotoxicity and the bacterial community during the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:939-948. [PMID: 31351302 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The continued increase in the global demand for oil, which reached 4,488 Mtoe in 2018, leads to large quantities of petroleum products entering the environment posing serious risks to natural ecosystems if left untreated. In this study, we evaluated the impact of co-contamination with lead on the efficacy of two bioremediation processes, natural attenuation and biostimulation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) as well as the associated toxicity and the changes in the microbial community in contaminated soils. The biostimulated treatment resulted in 96% and 84% reduction in TPH concentration in a single and a co-contamination scenario, respectively, over 28 weeks of a mesocosm study. This reduction was significantly more in comparison to natural attenuation in a single and a co-contamination scenario, which was 56% and 59% respectively. In contrast, a significantly greater reduction in the associated toxicity of in soils undergoing natural attenuation was evident compared with soils undergoing biostimulation despite the lower TPH degradation when bioassays were applied. The earthworm toxicity test showed a decrease of 72% in the naturally attenuated toxicity versus only 62% in the biostimulated treatment of a single contamination scenario. In a co-contamination scenario, toxicity decreased only 30% and 8% after natural attenuation and biostimulation treatments, respectively. 16s rDNA sequence analysis was used to assess the impact of both the co-contamination and the bioremediation treatment. NGS data revealed major bacterial domination by Nocardioides spp., which reached 40% in week 20 of the natural attenuation treatment. In the biostimulated soil samples, more than 50% of the bacterial community was dominated by Alcanivorax spp. in week 12. The presence of Pb in the natural attenuation treatment resulted in an increased abundance of a few Pb-resistant genera such as Sphingopyxis spp. and Thermomonas spp in addition to Nocardioides spp. In contrast, Pb co-contamination completely shifted the bacterial pattern in the stimulated treatment with Pseudomonas spp. comprising approximately 45% of the bacterial profile in week 12. This study confirms the effectiveness of biostimulation over natural attenuation in remediating TPH and TPH-Pb contaminated soils. In addition, the presence of co-contaminants (e.g. Pb) results in serious impacts on the efficacy of bioremediation of TPH in contaminated soils, which must be considered prior to designing any bioremediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leadin S Khudur
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Esmaeil Shahsavari
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Grant T Webster
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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16
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Uribe‐Flores M, Cerqueda‐García D, Hernández‐Nuñez E, Cadena S, García‐Cruz N, Trejo‐Hernández M, Aguirre‐Macedo M, García‐Maldonado J. Bacterial succession and co‐occurrence patterns of an enriched marine microbial community during light crude oil degradation in a batch reactor. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:495-507. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Uribe‐Flores
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
| | - D. Cerqueda‐García
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
| | - E. Hernández‐Nuñez
- CONACYT – Departamento de Recursos del Mar Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
| | - S. Cadena
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
| | - N.U. García‐Cruz
- Consorcio de Investigación del Golfo de México (CIGoM) Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
| | - M.R. Trejo‐Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - M.L. Aguirre‐Macedo
- Departamento de Recursos del Mar Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
| | - J.Q. García‐Maldonado
- CONACYT – Departamento de Recursos del Mar Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV) Unidad Mérida Mérida Mexico
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17
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Santisi S, Catalfamo M, Bonsignore M, Gentile G, Di Salvo E, Genovese M, Mahjoubi M, Cherif A, Mancini G, Hassanshahian M, Pioggia G, Cappello S. Biodegradation ability of two selected microbial autochthonous consortia from a chronically polluted marine coastal area (Priolo Gargallo, Italy). J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:618-629. [PMID: 30848509 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were: (i) the characterization of the structure of the indigenous microbial community associated with the sediments under study; (ii) the isolation and characterization of microbial consortia able to degrade the aged hydrocarbons contaminating the sediments, and (iii) the assessment of related biodegradation capability of selected consortia. Samples of surface sediments were collected in Priolo Gargallo harbour (Sicily, Italy). The samples were analysed for physical, chemical (GC-FID analysis) and microbiological characteristics (qualitative (16S rDNA clone library) and quantitative (DAPI, CFU and MPN count) analysis). The sediment samples were used for the selection of two microbial consortia (indicated as PSO and PSM) with high biodegradation capacity for crude oil (∼95%) and PAHs (∼63%) respectively. Genetic analysis showed that Alcanivorax and Cycloclasticus were the dominant genera in both the PSO and PSM consortia. Oil-polluted environments naturally develop an elevated biorecovery potential. The presence of a highly specialized microbial flora (adapted to support the contamination) and their stimulation through favourable induced conditions provides a promising recovery strategy. The chance to identify and select indigenous bacteria and/or consortia with a high biodegradation capacity is fundamental for the development and optimization of bioaugmentation strategies especially for those concerning in situ applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Santisi
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Catalfamo
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Bonsignore
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Gentile
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Di Salvo
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Genovese
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Mahjoubi
- Higher Institute for Biotechnology - University of Manouba Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - A Cherif
- Higher Institute for Biotechnology - University of Manouba Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - G Mancini
- Dep. "Ingegneria Industriale", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Hassanshahian
- Dep."Biology", Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - G Pioggia
- Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cappello
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
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18
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Gregson BH, Metodieva G, Metodiev MV, McKew BA. Differential protein expression during growth on linear versus branched alkanes in the obligate marine hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 T. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:2347-2359. [PMID: 30951249 PMCID: PMC6850023 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2T is an important obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium (OHCB) that can dominate microbial communities following marine oil spills. It possesses the ability to degrade branched alkanes which provides it a competitive advantage over many other marine alkane degraders that can only degrade linear alkanes. We used LC–MS/MS shotgun proteomics to identify proteins involved in aerobic alkane degradation during growth on linear (n‐C14) or branched (pristane) alkanes. During growth on n‐C14, A. borkumensis expressed a complete pathway for the terminal oxidation of n‐alkanes to their corresponding acyl‐CoA derivatives including AlkB and AlmA, two CYP153 cytochrome P450s, an alcohol dehydrogenase and an aldehyde dehydrogenase. In contrast, during growth on pristane, an alternative alkane degradation pathway was expressed including a different cytochrome P450, an alcohol oxidase and an alcohol dehydrogenase. A. borkumensis also expressed a different set of enzymes for β‐oxidation of the resultant fatty acids depending on the growth substrate utilized. This study significantly enhances our understanding of the fundamental physiology of A. borkumensis SK2T by identifying the key enzymes expressed and involved in terminal oxidation of both linear and branched alkanes. It has also highlights the differential expression of sets of β‐oxidation proteins to overcome steric hinderance from branched substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Gregson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Gergana Metodieva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Metodi V Metodiev
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Boyd A McKew
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK
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19
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Radwan SS, Khanafer MM, Al-Awadhi HA. Ability of the So-Called Obligate Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria to Utilize Nonhydrocarbon Substrates Thus Enhancing Their Activities Despite their Misleading Name. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 30777002 PMCID: PMC6379940 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The group of the so-called obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB) are marine microorganisms affiliated with the genera Alcanivorax, Cycloclasticus, Oleiphilus and Thalassolituus. This small group plays a major role in oil-bioremediation in marine ecosystems. Marinobacter and Planomicrobium are considered related to this group. The OHCB are claimed to be obligate to hydrocarbon nutrition. This study argues against this claim. RESULTS Four Alcanivorax species, three Marinobacter species and Planomicrobium okeanokoites from the Arabian/Persian Gulf proved to be not obligate to hydrocarbon nutrition. Although the eight strains grew on crude oil, n-octadecane and phenanthrene as sole carbon substrates, their growth was weaker than on certain nonhydrocarbon, organic compounds viz. peptone, glutamic acid, pyruvic acid, sucrose, mannose and others. Glucose and lactose failed to support the growth of seven of the eight tested strains. Mannose was utilized by five and sucrose by six strains. The well-known intermediate metabolite; pyruvic acid was utilized by all the eight strains, and lactic acid by five strains. In batch cultures, all the tested species consumed higher proportions of peptone than of n-alkanes and phenanthrene. When peptone and crude oil were provided together into the medium, the OHCB started to consume peptone first, and the enriched bacterial populations consumed oil effectively. Added nonhydrocarbon substrates biostimulated oil-consumption by all OHCB species. CONCLUSION The tested OHCB species are not obligate hydrocarbon-utilizers. This provides them with the merit of survival, should their marine ecosystems become oil- or hydrocarbon-free. The fact that conventional, organic substrates biostimulated hydrocarbon-consumption by the tested bacterial species confirms the facultative nature of those organisms and is interesting from the practical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S Radwan
- Present address, Von Einem Str. 25, 48159, Münster, Germany.
| | - Majida M Khanafer
- Microbiology program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Husain A Al-Awadhi
- Microbiology program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
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20
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Gregson BH, Metodieva G, Metodiev MV, Golyshin PN, McKew BA. Differential Protein Expression During Growth on Medium Versus Long-Chain Alkanes in the Obligate Marine Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3130. [PMID: 30619200 PMCID: PMC6304351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1 metabolizes a broad range of aliphatic hydrocarbons almost exclusively as carbon and energy sources. We used LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics to identify proteins involved in aerobic alkane degradation during growth on medium- (n-C14) or long-chain (n-C28) alkanes. During growth on n-C14, T. oleivorans expresses an alkane monooxygenase system involved in terminal oxidation including two alkane 1-monooxygenases, a ferredoxin, a ferredoxin reductase and an aldehyde dehydrogenase. In contrast, during growth on long-chain alkanes (n-C28), T. oleivorans may switch to a subterminal alkane oxidation pathway evidenced by significant upregulation of Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase and an esterase, proteins catalyzing ketone and ester metabolism, respectively. The metabolite (primary alcohol) generated from terminal oxidation of an alkane was detected during growth on n-C14 but not on n-C28 also suggesting alternative metabolic pathways. Expression of both active and passive transport systems involved in uptake of long-chain alkanes was higher when compared to the non-hydrocarbon control, including a TonB-dependent receptor, a FadL homolog and a specialized porin. Also, an inner membrane transport protein involved in the export of an outer membrane protein was expressed. This study has demonstrated the substrate range of T. oleivorans is larger than previously reported with growth from n-C10 up to n-C32. It has also greatly enhanced our understanding of the fundamental physiology of T. oleivorans, a key bacterium that plays a significant role in natural attenuation of marine oil pollution, by identifying key enzymes expressed during the catabolism of n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Gregson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gergana Metodieva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Metodi V Metodiev
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom.,School of Natural Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Boyd A McKew
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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21
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Castro AR, Silva PTS, Castro PJG, Alves E, Domingues MRM, Pereira MA. Tuning culturing conditions towards the production of neutral lipids from lubricant-based wastewater in open mixed bacterial communities. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:532-542. [PMID: 30081335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of bacterial lipid-based biofuels using inexpensive substrates, as wastes, is an emerging approach. In this work, a selective process using carbon feast-famine cycles was applied to obtain an indigenous microbial community of hydrocarbon-degrading and lipid-accumulating bacteria, using a real lubricant-based wastewater as carbon source. In the conditions applied, the enriched bacterial community, dominated by members of the genus Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, was able to degrade almost all hydrocarbons present in the wastewater within 24 h' incubation and to accumulate, although in low levels, triacylglycerol (TAG) (<5% of cell dry weight (CDW)) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) (3.8% ± 1.1% of the CDW) as well as an unknown lipid (29% ± 6% of CDW), presumably a wax ester-like compound. The influence of culture conditions, namely carbon and nitrogen concentrations (and C/N ratio) and cultivation time, on the amount and profile of produced storage compounds was further assessed using a statistical approach based on a central composite circumscribed design and surface response methodology. The regression analysis of the experimental design revealed that only nitrogen concentration and C/N ratio are significant for neutral lipid biosynthesis (p < 0.05). Maximum neutral lipid content, i.e. 33% (CDW basis), was achieved for the lowest carbon and nitrogen concentrations evaluated (10 g COD L-1 and 0.02 g N L-1). PHA accounted for less than 5% of CDW. In these conditions, neutral lipid content was mainly composed by TAG, about 70% (w/w). TAG precursors, namely monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and fatty acids (FA), accounted for 22% of total neutral lipids and WE for about 7%. Nevertheless, according to the applied response surface model, further improvement of neutral lipids content is still possible if even lower nitrogen concentrations are used. The fatty acids detected in TAG extracts ranged from myristic acid (C14:0) to linoleic acid (C18:2), being the most abundant palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1). This study shows the feasibility of combining treatment of hydrocarbon contaminated wastewater, herein demonstrated for lubricant-based wastewater, with the production of bacterial neutral lipids using open mixed bacterial communities. This approach can decrease the costs associated to both processes and contribute to a more sustainable waste management and production of lipid-based biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Castro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-57 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro T S Silva
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-57 Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulo J G Castro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-57 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Alcina Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-57 Braga, Portugal.
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22
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Giacoletti A, Cappello S, Mancini G, Mangano MC, Sarà G. Predicting the effectiveness of oil recovery strategies in the marine polluted environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:749-757. [PMID: 29986322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many recent studies have focused their attention on the physiological stress experienced by marine organisms in measuring ecotoxicological responses. Here we suggest a new approach for investigating the effects of an anthropogenic pollutant on Life-History (LH) traits of marine organisms, to provide stakeholders and policy makers an effective tool to evaluate the best environmental recovery strategies and plans. A Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB), coupled with a biophysical model was used to predict the effects of a six-month oil spill on Mytilus galloprovincialis' LH traits and to test two potential recovery strategies in the central Mediterranean Sea. Oxygen consumption rates were used to check for increasing energetic maintenance costs [ṗM] respectively in oil-polluted system treatments (∼76.2%) and polluted systems with physical (nano-bubbles ∼32.6%) or chemical treatment (dispersant ∼18.4%). Our model outputs highlighted a higher growth reduction of intertidal compared to subtidal populations and contextually an effect on the reproductive output and on the maturation time of this latter. The models also enabled an estimation of the timing of the disturbance affecting both the intertidal and subtidal populations' growth and reproduction. Interestingly, results led to the identification of the chemical dispersant as being the best remediation technique in contexts of oil spill contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giacoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare - DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Cappello
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - G Mancini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M C Mangano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare - DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy; Fisheries & Conservation Science Group, School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK.
| | - G Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare - DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Perveen I, Raza MA, Sehar S, Naz I, Memon MI, Ahmed S. Studies on Degradation of 7-ketocholesterol by Environmental Bacterial Isolates. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pirrone C, Rossi F, Cappello S, Borgese M, Mancini G, Bernardini G, Gornati R. Evaluation of biomarkers in Mytilus galloprovincialis as an integrated measure of biofilm-membrane bioreactor (BF-MBR) system efficiency in mitigating the impact of oily wastewater discharge to marine environment: a microcosm approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 198:49-62. [PMID: 29501937 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The large volumes of oily wastewater discharged to marine environment cause heavy impacts on the coastal marine ecosystem. The selection of an appropriate technology to reduce these impacts should be based on the respect of the discharge limits and on the effective assessment and monitoring of its effects on biological organism preservation. To this aim, we set up a controlled microcosm-scale system to compare the effects of a treated and untreated oily wastewater discharge in which the restore process is performed through a Membrane Bio-Reactor. The system is completed by other three microcosms to control and isolate any possible concurrent effect on the Mytilus galloprovincialis, used as sentinel organism. Mytilus galloprovincialis have been kept in all these microcosms, and then mRNA expression and morphology were evaluated on gills and digestive gland. The genes considered in this work are Heat Shock Protein 70 and Metallothionein 10, involved in response to physicochemical sublethal stressors, Superoxide dismutase 1, Catalase, and Cytochrome P450 involved in oxidative stress response. Our results evidenced a significant overexpression, both in gills and digestive gland, of HSP70 in samples maintained in the microcosm receiving the untreated effluent, and of MT10 in those animals kept in microcosm where the effluent was treated. Even though the mRNA modifications are considered "primary" and transient responses which do not always correspond to protein content, the study of these modifications can help to gain insights into the mechanisms of action of xenobiotic exposure. Morphological analysis suggested that, although different, depending on the microcosm, the most serious damages were found in the gill epithelium accompanied with severe haemocyte infiltration, whilst in digestive gland the tissue architecture alterations and the haemocyte infiltration were less pronounced. These observations suggest that the immune system was activated as a general response to stressful stimuli such as the presence of toxic compounds. Moreover, the results indicate that the treatment process is useful. In fact, samples derived from the microcosm receiving the treated effluent, even though presenting some signs of stress, seemed to partially recover the normal structure, although their mRNA expression indicated some cellular suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pirrone
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Research Center, Via San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Marina Borgese
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Electric, Electronics and Computer Engineering Department, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy; "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant 3, 21100, Varese, Italy; "The Protein Factory" Research Center, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM-CNR Milano and Università dell'Insubria, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy.
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25
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Mahmoud GAE, Bagy MMK. Microbial Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons. MICROBIAL ACTION ON HYDROCARBONS 2018:299-320. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1840-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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26
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Mancini G, Panzica M, Fino D, Cappello S, Yakimov MM, Luciano A. Feasibility of treating emulsified oily and salty wastewaters through coagulation and bio-regenerated GAC filtration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:817-824. [PMID: 27449961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal by coagulation and packed-columns of both fresh and bioregenerated granular activated carbon (GAC) is reported as a feasible treatment for saline and oily wastewaters (slops) generated from marine oil tankers cleaning. The use of Ferric chloride (FeCl3), Aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) and Polyaluminum chloride (Al2(OH3)Cl3) was evaluated in the pre-treatment by coagulation of a real slop, after a de-oiling phase in a tank skimmer Comparison of coagulation process indicated that Polyaluminum chloride and Aluminium sulphate operate equally well (20-30% of COD removal) when applied at their optimal dose (40 and 90 mg/l respectively) but the latter should be preferred in order to significantly control the sludge production. The results from the column filtration tests indicated the feasibility of using the selected GAC (Filtrasorb 400 -Calgon Carbon Corporation) to achieve the respect of the discharge limits in the slops treatment with a carbon usage rate in the range 0.1-0.3 kg/m3 of treated effluent. Moreover, biological regeneration through Alcalinovorax borkumensis SK2 was proved to be a cost-effective procedure since the reuse of spent GAC through such regeneration process for further treatment could still achieve approximately 90% of the initial sorption capacity, reducing then costs for the use of new sorbents and also the need for waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mancini
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Panzica
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR U.O.S. of Messina, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98121 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michail M Yakimov
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR U.O.S. of Messina, Spianata San Raineri 86, 98121 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Luciano
- ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, Italy.
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27
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Pereira LB, Palermo BRZ, Carlos C, Ottoboni LMM. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of bacteria isolated from different Brazilian coral species. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:4058407. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. Pereira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Bruna R. Z. Palermo
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Camila Carlos
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
| | - Laura M. M. Ottoboni
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, CP 6010, Campinas, S.P., Brazil
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28
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Lee J, Han I, Kang BR, Kim SH, Sul WJ, Lee TK. Degradation of crude oil in a contaminated tidal flat area and the resilience of bacterial community. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:296-301. [PMID: 27671845 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil spills, Hebei Spirit in South Korea, is considered as one of the worst environmental disasters of the region. Our understanding on activation of oil-degrading bacteria and resilience of microbial community in oil contaminated sites are limited due to scarcity of such event. In the present study, tidal flat sediment contaminated by the oil spill were investigated for duration of 13months to identify temporal change in microbial community and functional genes responsible for PAH-degradation. The results showed predominance of previously known oil-degrading genera, such as Cycloclasticus, Alcanivorax, and Thalassolituus, displaying significant increase within first four months of the accident. The disturbance caused by the oil spill altered the microbial community and its functional structures, but they were almost restored to the original state after 13months. Present study demonstrated high detoxification capacity of indigenous bacterial populations in the tidal flat sediments and its resilience of microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejin Lee
- Unit of Antarctic K-route Expedition, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of System Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kwon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Pasumarthi R, Mutnuri S. Horizontal gene transfer versus biostimulation: A strategy for bioremediation in Goa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:271-276. [PMID: 28029340 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation, Biostimulation and Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of catabolic genes have been proven for their role in bioremediation of hydrocarbons. It also has been proved that selection of either biostimulation or bioremediation varies for every contaminated site. The reliability of HGT compared to biostimulation and bioremediation was not tested. The present study focuses on reliability of biostimulatiion, bioaugmentation and HGT during biodegradation of Diesel oil and Non aqueous phase liquids (NAPL). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (AEBBITS1) having alkB and NDO genes was used for bioaugmentation and the experiment was conducted using seawater as medium. Based on Gas chromatography results diesel was found to be degraded to 100% in both presence and absence of AEBBITS1. Denturing gradient gel electrophoresis result showed same pattern in presence and absence of AEBBITS1 indicating no HGT. NAPL degradation was found to be more by Biostimulated Bioaugmentation compared to biostimulation and bioaugmentation alone. This proves that biostimulated bioaugmentation is better strategy for oil contamination (tarabll) in Velsao beach, Goa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pasumarthi
- Applied and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS-Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, India.
| | - Srikanth Mutnuri
- Applied and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS-Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, India.
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30
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Konnova SA, Lvov YM, Fakhrullin RF. Nanoshell Assembly for Magnet-Responsive Oil-Degrading Bacteria. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12552-12558. [PMID: 27280755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The modified polyelectrolyte-magnetite nanocoating was applied to functionalize the cell walls of oil decomposing bacteria Alcanivorax borkumensis. Cationic coacervate of poly(allylamine) and 20 nm iron oxide nanoparticles allowed for a rapid single-step encapsulation process exploiting electrostatic interaction with bacteria surfaces. The bacteria were covered with rough 70-100-nm-thick shells of magnetite loosely bound to the surface through polycations. This encapsulation allowed for external manipulations of A. borkumensis with magnetic field, as demonstrated by magnetically facilitated cell displacement on the agar substrate. Magnetic coating was naturally removed after multiple cell proliferations providing next generations of the cell in the native nonmagnetic form. The discharged biosurfactant vesicles indicating the bacterial functionality (150 ± 50 nm lipid micelles) were visualized with atomic force microscopy in the bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Konnova
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri M Lvov
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University , Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Rawil F Fakhrullin
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation
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31
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Matturro B, Frascadore E, Cappello S, Genovese M, Rossetti S. In situ detection of alkB2 gene involved in Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2(T) hydrocarbon biodegradation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 110:378-382. [PMID: 27315756 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a new assay based on the whole cell hybridization in order to monitor alkane hydroxylase genes (alkB system) of the marine bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2(T) commonly reported as the predominant microorganism responsible for the biodegradation of n-alkanes which are the major fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons. The assay based on the whole cell hybridization targeting alkB2 gene was successfully developed and calibrated on a pure culture of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2(T) with a detection efficiency up to 80%. The approach was further successfully validated on hydrocarbon-contaminated seawater and provided cells abundance (6.74E+04alkB2-carryingcellsmL(-1)) higher of about one order of magnitude than those obtained by qPCR (4.96E+03alkB2genecopiesmL(-1)). This study highlights the validity of the assay for the detection at single cell level of key-functional genes involved in the biodegradation of n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Matturro
- Water Research Institute, IRSA-CNR, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Emanuela Frascadore
- Water Research Institute, IRSA-CNR, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, RM, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Environments, IAMC-CNR, Spianata S. Raineri, 86, Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Mariella Genovese
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Environments, IAMC-CNR, Spianata S. Raineri, 86, Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, IRSA-CNR, Via Salaria km 29,300, Monterotondo, RM, Italy.
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32
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Waite CCDC, da Silva GOA, Bitencourt JAP, Sabadini-Santos E, Crapez MAC. Copper and lead removal from aqueous solutions by bacterial consortia acting as biosorbents. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 109:386-392. [PMID: 27236233 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial consortium was selected in the presence of Cu from sediment samples taken from Sepetiba Bay, Brazil, which is a site historically contaminated by metals. Bacteria were exposed to 0, 1, 6, 12.5, 25 and 50μg·mL(-1) Cu, Pb and Cu+Pb for 11days of bioassay. Results showed Alcanivorax dominance (81%) and cell counts of 10(8)cells·mL(-1). However, a reduction in dehydrogenase activity was observed from the fifth day of exposure for all Cu, Pb, and Cu+Pb concentrations tested. Esterase activity tended to increase, indicating higher energy demand to complete the bacterial lifecycle. Pb concentrations in the filtered culture medium (0.2μm) were below the detection limit, indicating biosorption, whereas concentrations of Cu were close to the tested concentrations, indicative of efflux. Results suggest the need for biomarkers, such as esterase and dehydrogenase enzymatic activity, in the assessment of resistance and tolerance of communities previously exposed to stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Coelho da Costa Waite
- Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
| | | | - José Augusto Pires Bitencourt
- Programa Dinâmica dos Oceanos e da Terra, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210-346, Brazil.
| | - Elisamara Sabadini-Santos
- Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
| | - Mirian Araújo Carlos Crapez
- Programa de Biologia Marinha e Ambientes Costeiros, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24020-150, Brazil.
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Dellagnezze BM, Vasconcellos SP, Angelim AL, Melo VMM, Santisi S, Cappello S, Oliveira VM. Bioaugmentation strategy employing a microbial consortium immobilized in chitosan beads for oil degradation in mesocosm scale. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 107:107-117. [PMID: 27158046 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial consortium composed by four metagenomic clones and Bacillus subtilis strain CBMAI 707, all derived from petroleum reservoirs, was entrapped in chitosan beads and evaluated regarding hydrocarbon degradation capability. Experiments were carried out in mesocosm scale (3000L) with seawater artificially polluted with crude oil. At different time intervals, mesocosms were sampled and subjected to GC-FID and microbiological analyses, as total and heterotrophic culturable bacterial abundance (DAPI and CFU count), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and taxonomic diversity (massive sequencing of 16S rRNA genes). The results obtained showed that degradation of n-alkane hydrocarbons was similar between both treatments. However, aromatic compound degradation was more efficient in bioaugmentation treatment, with biodegradation percentages reaching up to 99% in 30days. Community dynamics was different between treatments and the consortium used in the bioaugmentation treatment contributed to a significant increase in aromatic hydrocarbon degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Dellagnezze
- Division of Microbial Resources, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, CP 6171, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - S P Vasconcellos
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, CEP 09972-270, Jd. Eldorado, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - A L Angelim
- Lembiotech (UFC), Federal University of Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, 2977, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, 60455-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - V M M Melo
- Lembiotech (UFC), Federal University of Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte, 2977, Campus do Pici, Bloco 909, 60455-000, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - S Santisi
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - V M Oliveira
- Division of Microbial Resources, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), Campinas University - UNICAMP, CP 6171, CEP 13081-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Hassanshahian M, Bayat Z, Cappello S, Smedile F, Yakimov M. Comparison the effects of bioaugmentation versus biostimulation on marine microbial community by PCR-DGGE: A mesocosm scale. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:136-146. [PMID: 27155418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand the effects of biostimulation and bioaugmentation processes on a marine microbial community, three different mesocosm experiments were planned. Natural seawater (10.000L) was artificially polluted with crude oil (1L) and (1) inorganic nutrients (Biostimulating Mesocosm, BM), (2) inorganic nutrients and an inoculum of Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (Single Bioaugmentation Mesocosm, SBM), (3) inorganic nutrients and inoculums of A. borkumensis SK2 and Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1 (Consortium Bioaugmentation Mesocosm, CBM). During the experimental period (20days), samples were taken from each mesocosm and the community structure was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. The 16S rRNA gene DGGE banding patterns and sequence analysis demonstrated that biostimulation had the lowest effect on microbial biodiversity in the mesocosms; however, the biodiversity of the marine microbial community dramatically decreased in the CBM (Shannon index was 0.6 in T3). The community structures among the three mesocosms were also markedly different, and major bacteria derived from DGGE bands were related to uncultured Gamma Proteobacteria. The biodegradation results show that the Single Bioaugmentation Mesocosm (SBM) system had the highest percentage of degradation (95%) in comparison to the BM mesocosm (80%) and CBM (70%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanshahian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Bayat
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Simone Cappello
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Smedile
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Michail Yakimov
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Messina, Messina, Italy
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35
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Sauret C, Tedetti M, Guigue C, Dumas C, Lami R, Pujo-Pay M, Conan P, Goutx M, Ghiglione JF. Influence of PAHs among other coastal environmental variables on total and PAH-degrading bacterial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4242-4256. [PMID: 26122564 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the relative impact of anthropogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) among biogeochemical variables on total, metabolically active, and PAH bacterial communities in summer and winter in surface microlayer (SML) and subsurface seawaters (SSW) across short transects along the NW Mediterranean coast from three harbors, one wastewater effluent, and one nearshore observatory reference site. At both seasons, significant correlations were found between dissolved total PAH concentrations and PAH-degrading bacteria that formed a gradient from the shore to nearshore waters. Accumulation of PAH degraders was particularly high in the SML, where PAHs accumulated. Harbors and wastewater outfalls influenced drastically and in a different way the total and active bacterial community structure, but they only impacted the communities from the nearshore zone (<2 km from the shore). By using direct multivariate statistical analysis, we confirmed the significant effect of PAH concentrations on the spatial and temporal dynamic of total and active communities in this area, but this effect was putted in perspective by the importance of other biogeochemical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sauret
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, F-66650, Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Chloé Dumas
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, F-66650, Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Raphaël Lami
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, F-66650, Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Mireille Pujo-Pay
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, F-66650, Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Pascal Conan
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, F-66650, Banyuls/mer, France
| | - Madeleine Goutx
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Ghiglione
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Observatoire Océanologique, Sorbonne Universités, F-66650, Banyuls/mer, France.
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Campos FF, Garcia JE, Luna-Finkler CL, Davolos CC, Lemos MVF, Pérez CD. Alcanivorax dieselolei, an alkane-degrading bacterium associated with the mucus of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). BRAZ J BIOL 2016; 75:431-4. [PMID: 26132028 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.16113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of 16S rDNA genes were used to identify the microbiota isolated from the mucus of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum at Porto de Galinhas on the coast of Pernambuco State, Brazil. This study is important as the first report of this association, because of the potential biotechnological applications of the bacterium Alcanivorax dieselolei, and as evidence for the presence of a hydrocarbon degrading bacterium in a reef ecosystem such as Porto de Galinhas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - J E Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - C L Luna-Finkler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - C C Davolos
- Laboratório de Genética de Bactérias, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - M V F Lemos
- Laboratório de Genética de Bactérias, Departamento de Biologia Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - C D Pérez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
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37
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Liu RL, Li XQ, Liu HQ, Luo ZM, Ma J, Zhang ZQ, Fu Q. Eco-friendly fabrication of sponge-like magnetically carbonaceous fiber aerogel for high-efficiency oil–water separation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02794f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A magnetically carbonaceous fiber aerogel was for the first time fabricated by a facile approach from natural cotton and can be used as potential adsorbent without any further chemical modification for high-efficiency oil–water separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Lin Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- PR China
| | - Xing-Qiang Li
- School of Stomatology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- PR China
| | - Hui-Qin Liu
- School of Stomatology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Min Luo
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- PR China
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an 710062
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710061
- PR China
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38
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Caruso G, La Ferla R, Azzaro M, Zoppini A, Marino G, Petochi T, Corinaldesi C, Leonardi M, Zaccone R, Fonda Umani S, Caroppo C, Monticelli L, Azzaro F, Decembrini F, Maimone G, Cavallo RA, Stabili L, Hristova Todorova N, K. Karamfilov V, Rastelli E, Cappello S, Acquaviva MI, Narracci M, De Angelis R, Del Negro P, Latini M, Danovaro R. Microbial assemblages for environmental quality assessment: Knowledge, gaps and usefulness in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:883-904. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1087380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Priya A, Mandal AK, Ball AS, Manefield M, Lal B, Sarma PM. Mass culture strategy for bacterial yeast co-culture for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine environment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 100:191-199. [PMID: 26384865 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a metabolically versatile co-culture with two Bacilli and one yeast strain was developed using enrichment culture techniques. The developed co-culture had affinity to degrade both aliphatic and aromatic fractions of petroleum crude oil. Degradation kinetics was established for designing the fermentation protocol of the co-culture. The developed mass culture strategy led to achieve the reduction in surface tension (26dynescm(-1) from 69 dynescm(-1)) and degradation of 67% in bench scale experiments. The total crude oil degradation of 96% was achieved in 4000l of natural seawater after 28days without adding any nutrients. The survival of the augmented co-culture was maintained (10(9)cellsml(-1)) in contaminated marine environment. The mass culture protocol devised for the bioaugmentation was a key breakthrough that was subsequently used for pilot scale studies with 100l and 4000l of natural seawater for potential application in marine oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Priya
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110 070, India; Environment and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajoy K Mandal
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110 070, India
| | - Andrew S Ball
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mike Manefield
- Centre for Marine Bio Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Banwari Lal
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110 070, India; Environment and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
| | - Priyangshu M Sarma
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110 070, India; Environment and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, India Habitat Centre, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, India.
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40
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Horel A, Mortazavi B, Sobecky PA. Input of organic matter enhances degradation of weathered diesel fuel in sub-tropical sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:82-90. [PMID: 26151652 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated different types of biostimulation practices to enhance degradation of weathered conventional diesel fuel in sandy beach sediments from coastal Alabama. Biodegradation rates were measured following the addition of either inorganic nutrients, or organic matter derived from either plant material (Spartina alterniflora) or fish tissue (Chloroscombrus chrysurus) both common to the region. The greatest hydrocarbon degradation rates were observed in the C. chrysurus amended treatments (k=0.0119 d(-1)). Treatment with fish-derived organic matter increased the degradation rates by 104% as compared to control treatments, while inorganic nutrient addition increased the degradation rates by 57%. The addition of plant derived organic matter, however, only marginally enhanced the degradation rates (~7%) during the course of the study. Bacterial 16S rRNA analyses revealed that most sediment microorganisms belonged to the classes; Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The most frequently abundant hydrocarbon degraders were mostly similar to Achromobater sp., Microbulbifer sp., Ruegeria sp., and Pseudomonas sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agota Horel
- University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA; Institute of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Center for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Herman O. St. 15, Budapest 1022, Hungary.
| | - Behzad Mortazavi
- University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA
| | - Patricia A Sobecky
- University of Alabama, Department of Biological Sciences, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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41
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Catania V, Santisi S, Signa G, Vizzini S, Mazzola A, Cappello S, Yakimov MM, Quatrini P. Intrinsic bioremediation potential of a chronically polluted marine coastal area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:138-149. [PMID: 26248825 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A microbiological survey of the Priolo Bay (eastern coast of Sicily, Ionian Sea), a chronically polluted marine coastal area, was carried out in order to discern its intrinsic bioremediation potential. Microbiological analysis, 16S rDNA-based DGGE fingerprinting and PLFAs analysis were performed on seawater and sediment samples from six stations on two transects. Higher diversity and variability among stations was detected by DGGE in sediment than in water samples although seawater revealed higher diversity of culturable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The most polluted sediment hosted higher total bacterial diversity and higher abundance and diversity of culturable HC degraders. Alkane- and PAH-degrading bacteria were isolated from all stations and assigned to Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Thalassospira, Alteromonas and Oleibacter (first isolation from the Mediterranean area). High total microbial diversity associated to a large selection of HC degraders is believed to contribute to natural attenuation of the area, provided that new contaminant contributions are avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Catania
- Dept. of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santina Santisi
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Messina, Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy; PhD School of "Cellular Biology and Biotechnology" University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Geraldina Signa
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTEM), University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatrice Vizzini
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTEM), University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzola
- Dept. of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTEM), University of Palermo, CoNISMa, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Messina, Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Michail M Yakimov
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Messina, Spianata San Raineri, 86, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Quatrini
- Dept. of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, blg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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42
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D'Agostino F, Del Core M, Cappello S, Mazzola S, Sprovieri M. Synthesis of water suitable as the MEPC.174(58) G8 influent water for testing ballast water management systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:642. [PMID: 26403705 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the methodologies adopted to ensure that natural seawater, used as "influent water" for the land test, complies with the requirement that should be fulfilled to show the efficacy of the new ballast water treatment system (BWTS). The new BWTS was located on the coast of SW Sicily (Italy), and the sampled seawater showed that bacteria and plankton were two orders of magnitude lower than requested. Integrated approaches for preparation of massive cultures of bacteria (Alcanivorax borkumensis and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus), algae (Tetraselmis suecica), rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis), and crustaceans (Artemia salina) suitable to ensure that 200 m(3) of water fulfilled the international guidelines of MEPC.174(58)G8 are here described. These methodologies allowed us to prepare the "influent water" in good agreement with guidelines and without specific problems arising from natural conditions (seasons, weather, etc.) which significantly affect the concentrations of organisms at sea. This approach also offered the chance to reliably run land tests once every two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio D'Agostino
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy.
| | - Marianna Del Core
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Messina, Via Spianata San Raineri 86, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mazzola
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment (IAMC) - CNR of Capo Granitola, Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola (TP), 91021, Italy
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43
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RNA-TGGE, a Tool for Assessing the Potential for Bioremediation in Impacted Marine Ecosystems. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse3030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Isolation and Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Degrading Yeast Strains from Petroleum Contaminated Industrial Wastewater. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:929424. [PMID: 26339653 PMCID: PMC4538589 DOI: 10.1155/2015/929424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two yeast strains are enriched and isolated from industrial refinery wastewater. These strains were observed for their ability to utilize several classes of petroleum hydrocarbons substrates, such as n-alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. Phylogenetic analysis based on the D1/D2 variable domain and the ITS-region sequences indicated that strains HC1 and HC4 were members of the genera Candida and Trichosporon, respectively. The mechanism of hydrocarbon uptaking by yeast, Candida, and Trichosporon has been studied by means of the kinetic analysis of hydrocarbons-degrading yeasts growth and substrate assimilation. Biodegradation capacity and biomass quantity were daily measured during twelve days by gravimetric analysis and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques. Removal of n-alkanes indicated a strong ability of hydrocarbon biodegradation by the isolated yeast strains. These two strains grew on long-chain n-alkane, diesel oil, and crude oil but failed to grow on short-chain n-alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons. Growth measurement attributes of the isolates, using n-hexadecane, diesel oil, and crude oil as substrates, showed that strain HC1 had better degradation for hydrocarbon substrates than strain HC4. In conclusion, these yeast strains can be useful for the bioremediation process and decreasing petroleum pollution in wastewater contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.
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45
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Bookstaver M, Bose A, Tripathi A. Interaction of Alcanivorax borkumensis with a Surfactant Decorated Oil-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5875-5881. [PMID: 25966795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcanivorax borkumensis is a hydrocarbon degrading bacterium linked to oil degradation around oil spill sites. It is known to be a surface bacterium leading to substantial interaction with the oil-water interface. Because of its abundance in oil spill regions, it has great potential to be used actively in oil spill remediation. Dispersants are thought to be important in the creation of oil-in-water emulsions that are meant to aid in the biodegradation process by bacteria. Although it is likely that some sort of dispersant will be used again in the case of another oil spill, to date, no studies have shown the impact of dispersants on the bacteria population. Corexit 9500 was the main dispersant used during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, but little is known about its effect on the bacteria community. We built an experimental platform to quantitatively measure the transient growth of Alcanivorax borkumensis at the interface of oil and water. To our knowledge, this is the first study of how A. borkumensis interacts with a surfactant decorated oil-water interface. We use COREXIT EC9500A, cetylytrimethylamonium bromide, dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, l-α-phosphatidylcholine, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and Tween 20 to investigate the impact of dispersants on Alcanivorax borkumensis. We assess the impact of these dispersants on the growth rate, lag time, and maximum concentration of Alcanivorax borkumensis. We show that the charge, structure, and surface activity of these surfactants greatly impact the growth of A. borkumensis. Our results indicated that out of the surfactants tested only Tween 20 assists Acanivorax borkumensis growth. The results of this study will be important in the decision of dispersant use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bookstaver
- †Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Arijit Bose
- ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Anubhav Tripathi
- †Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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46
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Santisi S, Cappello S, Catalfamo M, Mancini G, Hassanshahian M, Genovese L, Giuliano L, Yakimov MM. Biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:377-87. [PMID: 26273252 PMCID: PMC4507529 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246120131276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three bacterial isolates identified as Alcanivorax borkumensis
SK2, Rhodococcus erythropolis HS4 and Pseudomonas
stutzeri SDM, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, were isolated from
crude oil enrichments of natural seawater. Single strains and four bacterial
consortia designed by mixing the single bacterial cultures respectively in the
following ratios: (Alcanivorax: Pseudomonas, 1:1),
(Alcanivorax: Rhodococcus, 1:1),
(Pseudomonas: Rhodococcus, 1:1), and
(Alcanivorax: Pseudomonas:
Rhodococcus, 1:1:1), were analyzed in order to evaluate
their oil degrading capability. All experiments were carried out in microcosms
systems containing seawater (with and without addition of inorganic nutrients)
and crude oil (unique carbon source). Measures of total and live bacterial
abundance, Card-FISH and quali-, quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons (GC-FID)
were carried out in order to elucidate the co-operative action of mixed
microbial populations in the process of biodegradation of crude oil. All data
obtained confirmed the fundamental role of bacteria belonging to
Alcanivorax genus in the degradation of linear hydrocarbons
in oil polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santina Santisi
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy. ; Università degli Studi di Messina, School in Biology and Cellular Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, School in "Biology and Cellular Biotechnology", Faculty of Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Cappello
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Catalfamo
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Università degli Studi di Catania, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mehdi Hassanshahian
- Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Lucrezia Genovese
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Giuliano
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy
| | - Michail M Yakimov
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, National Counsel of Research, Messina, Italy
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47
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Shifts in Symbiotic Endophyte Communities of a Foundational Salt Marsh Grass following Oil Exposure from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122378. [PMID: 25923203 PMCID: PMC4414556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic associations can be disrupted by disturbance or by changing environmental conditions. Endophytes are fungal and bacterial symbionts of plants that can affect performance. As in more widely known symbioses, acute or chronic stressor exposure might trigger disassociation of endophytes from host plants. We tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of oil exposure following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill on endophyte diversity and abundance in Spartina alterniflora – the foundational plant in northern Gulf coast salt marshes affected by the spill. We compared bacterial and fungal endophytes isolated from plants in reference areas to isolates from plants collected in areas with residual oil that has persisted for more than three years after the DWH spill. DNA sequence-based estimates showed that oil exposure shifted endophyte diversity and community structure. Plants from oiled areas exhibited near total loss of leaf fungal endophytes. Root fungal endophytes exhibited a more modest decline and little change was observed in endophytic bacterial diversity or abundance, though a shift towards hydrocarbon metabolizers was found in plants from oiled sites. These results show that plant-endophyte symbioses can be disrupted by stressor exposure, and indicate that symbiont community disassembly in marsh plants is an enduring outcome of the DWH spill.
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48
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Cappello S, Genovese M, Denaro R, Santisi S, Volta A, Bonsignore M, Mancini G, Giuliano L, Genovese L, Yakimov MM. Quick stimulation of Alcanivorax sp. by bioemulsificant EPS₂₀₀₃ on microcosm oil spill simulation. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 45:1317-23. [PMID: 25763036 PMCID: PMC4323305 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000400023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spill microcosms experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of bioemulsificant exopolysaccharide (EPS₂₀₀₃) on quick stimulation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Early hours of oil spill, were stimulated using an experimental seawater microcosm, supplemented with crude oil and EPS₂₀₀₃ (SW+OIL+EPS₂₀₀₃); this system was monitored for 2 days and compared to control microcosm (only oil-polluted seawater, SW+OIL). Determination of bacterial abundance, heterotrophic cultivable and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were carried out. Community composition of marine bacterioplankton was determined by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Data obtained indicated that bioemulsificant addition stimulated an increase of total bacterial abundance and, in particular, selection of bacteria related to Alcanivorax genus; confirming that EPS₂₀₀₃ could be used for the dispersion of oil slicks and could stimulate the selection of marine hydrocarbon degraders thus increasing bioremediation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cappello
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
| | - Maria Genovese
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
| | - Renata Denaro
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
| | - Santina Santisi
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy. ; PhD School "Cellular Biology and Biotechnology" University of Messina Messina Italy PhD School "Cellular Biology and Biotechnology", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Volta
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy. ; Dep. Industrial Engineering" University of Catania Catania Italy Dep. Industrial Engineering", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Bonsignore
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancini
- Dep. Industrial Engineering" University of Catania Catania Italy Dep. Industrial Engineering", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Laura Giuliano
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Genovese
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
| | - Michail M Yakimov
- Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina Italy Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)-CNR of Mesina, Italy
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49
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Hassanshahian M, Zeynalipour MS, Musa FH. Isolation and characterization of crude oil degrading bacteria from the Persian Gulf (Khorramshahr provenance). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 82:39-44. [PMID: 24703768 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen crude oil degrading bacteria were isolated from oil contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf at Khorramshahr provenance. These bacteria were screened with two important factors such as growth rate on crude oil and hydrocarbon biodegradation, and then three strains were selected from 15 isolated strains for further study. One strain (PG-Z) that show the best crude oil biodegradation was selected between all isolates. Nucleotides sequencing of the gene encoding for 16S rRNA show that strain PG-Z belong to Corynebacterium variabile genus. This strain was efficient in degrading of crude oil. This strain was capable to degraded 82% of crude-oil after one week incubation in ONR7a medium. The PG-Z strain had high emulsification activity and biosurfactant production between all isolates. GC-MS analysis shows that C. variabile strain PG-Z can degrade different alkanes in crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanshahian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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50
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Singh AK, Sherry A, Gray ND, Jones DM, Bowler BFJ, Head IM. Kinetic parameters for nutrient enhanced crude oil biodegradation in intertidal marine sediments. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:160. [PMID: 24782848 PMCID: PMC3990054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Availability of inorganic nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous, is often a primary control on crude oil hydrocarbon degradation in marine systems. Many studies have empirically determined optimum levels of inorganic N and P for stimulation of hydrocarbon degradation. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of information on fundamental kinetic parameters for nutrient enhanced crude oil biodegradation that can be used to model the fate of crude oil in bioremediation programmes that use inorganic nutrient addition to stimulate oil biodegradation. Here we report fundamental kinetic parameters (Ks and qmax) for nitrate- and phosphate-stimulated crude oil biodegradation under nutrient limited conditions and with respect to crude oil, under conditions where N and P are not limiting. In the marine sediments studied, crude oil degradation was limited by both N and P availability. In sediments treated with 12.5 mg/g of oil but with no addition of N and P, hydrocarbon degradation rates, assessed on the basis of CO2 production, were 1.10 ± 0.03 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day which were comparable to rates of CO2 production in sediments to which no oil was added (1.05 ± 0.27 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day). When inorganic nitrogen was added alone maximum rates of CO2 production measured were 4.25 ± 0.91 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day. However, when the same levels of inorganic nitrogen were added in the presence of 0.5% P w/w of oil (1.6 μmol P/g wet sediment) maximum rates of measured CO2 production increased more than four-fold to 18.40 ± 1.04 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day. Ks and qmax estimates for inorganic N (in the form of sodium nitrate) when P was not limiting were 1.99 ± 0.86 μmol/g wet sediment and 16.16 ± 1.28 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day respectively. The corresponding values for P were 63 ± 95 nmol/g wet sediment and 12.05 ± 1.31 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day. The qmax values with respect to N and P were not significantly different (P < 0.05). When N and P were not limiting Ks and qmax for crude oil were 4.52 ± 1.51 mg oil/g wet sediment and 16.89 ± 1.25 μmol CO2/g wet sediment/day. At concentrations of inorganic N above 45 μmol/g wet sediment inhibition of CO2 production from hydrocarbon degradation was evident. Analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes indicated that Alcanivorax spp. were selected in these marine sediments with increasing inorganic nutrient concentration, whereas Cycloclasticus spp. were more prevalent at lower inorganic nutrient concentrations. These data suggest that simple empirical estimates of the proportion of nutrients added relative to crude oil concentrations may not be sufficient to guarantee successful crude oil bioremediation in oxic beach sediments. The data we present also help define the maximum rates and hence timescales required for bioremediation of beach sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind K Singh
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK ; Department of Biochemistry, North - Eastern Hill University Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Angela Sherry
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Neil D Gray
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Martin Jones
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Bernard F J Bowler
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian M Head
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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