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Wang R, Baehrecke EH. Atg9 is a conserved regulator of lysosome repair. J Cell Biol 2025; 224:e202504129. [PMID: 40358357 PMCID: PMC12071192 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202504129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The ATG9 transmembrane protein scrambles lipids to regulate phagophore formation during autophagy. Two recent studies from Peng et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202411092) and De Tito et al. (https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.07.23.604321) identify ATG9 as a conserved regulator of lysosome repair in Caenorhabditis elegans and human cells, but differences in repair mechanisms exist between these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eric H. Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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2
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Peng K, Zhao G, Zhao H, Noda NN, Zhang H. The autophagy protein ATG-9 regulates lysosome function and integrity. J Cell Biol 2025; 224:e202411092. [PMID: 40202485 PMCID: PMC11980680 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202411092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane autophagy protein ATG9 has multiple functions essential for autophagosome formation. Here, we uncovered a novel function of ATG-9 in regulating lysosome biogenesis and integrity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Through a genetic screen, we identified that mutations attenuating the lipid scrambling activity of ATG-9 suppress the autophagy defect in epg-5 mutants, in which non-degradative autolysosomes accumulate. The scramblase-attenuated ATG-9 mutants promote lysosome biogenesis and delivery of lysosome-localized hydrolases and also facilitate the maintenance of lysosome integrity. Through manipulation of phospholipid levels, we found that a reduction in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) also suppresses the autophagy defects and lysosome damage associated with impaired lysosomal degradation. Our results reveal that modulation of phospholipid composition and distribution, e.g., by attenuating the scramblase activity of ATG-9 or reducing the PE level, regulates lysosome function and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Peng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nobuo N. Noda
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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3
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Cheung YWS, Nam SE, Fairlie GMJ, Scheu K, Bui JM, Shariati HR, Gsponer J, Yip CK. Structure of the human autophagy factor EPG5 and the molecular basis of its conserved mode of interaction with Atg8-family proteins. Autophagy 2025; 21:1173-1191. [PMID: 39809444 PMCID: PMC12087653 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2447213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 12/19/2024] [Accepted: 12/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The multi-step macroautophagy/autophagy process ends with the cargo-laden autophagosome fusing with the lysosome to deliver the materials to be degraded. The metazoan-specific autophagy factor EPG5 plays a crucial role in this step by enforcing fusion specificity and preventing mistargeting. How EPG5 exerts its critical function and how its deficiency leads to diverse phenotypes of the rare multi-system disorder Vici syndrome are not fully understood. Here, we report the first structure of human EPG5 (HsEPG5) determined by cryo-EM and AlphaFold2 modeling. Our structure revealed that HsEPG5 is constructed from helical bundles analogous to tethering factors in membrane trafficking pathways but contains a unique protruding thumb domain positioned adjacent to the atypical tandem LIR motifs involved in interaction with the GABARAP subfamily of Atg8-family proteins. Our NMR spectroscopic, molecular dynamics simulations and AlphaFold modeling studies showed that the HsEPG5 tandem LIR motifs only bind the canonical LIR docking site (LDS) on GABARAP without engaging in multivalent interaction. Our co-immunoprecipitation analysis further indicated that full-length HsEPG5-GABARAP interaction is mediated primarily by LIR1. Finally, our biochemical affinity isolation, X-ray crystallographic analysis, affinity measurement, and AlphaFold modeling demonstrated that this mode of binding is observed between Caenorhabditis elegans EPG-5 and its Atg8-family proteins LGG-1 and LGG-2. Collectively our work generated novel insights into the structural properties of EPG5 and how it potentially engages with the autophagosome to confer fusion specificity.ABBREVIATIONS: ATG: autophagy related; CSP: chemical shift perturbation; eGFP: enhanced green fluoresent protein; EM: electron microscopy; EPG5: ectopic P-granules 5 autophagy tethering factor; GST: glutathione S-transferase; HP: hydrophobic pocket; HSQC: heteronuclear single-quantum correlation; ITC: isothermal titration calorimetry; LDS: LC3 docking site; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MD: molecular dynamics; NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance; TEV: tobacco etch virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Wing Sunny Cheung
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sung-Eun Nam
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gage M. J. Fairlie
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karlton Scheu
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer M. Bui
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah R. Shariati
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jörg Gsponer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Calvin K. Yip
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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4
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Zhang H, Meléndez A. Conserved components of the macroautophagy machinery in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2025; 229:iyaf007. [PMID: 40180610 PMCID: PMC12005284 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyaf007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2025] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-membrane autophagosome and its subsequent delivery to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. In Caenorhabditis elegans, autophagy participates in diverse processes such as stress resistance, cell fate specification, tissue remodeling, aging, and adaptive immunity. Genetic screens in C. elegans have identified a set of metazoan-specific autophagy genes that form the basis for our molecular understanding of steps unique to the autophagy pathway in multicellular organisms. Suppressor screens have uncovered multiple mechanisms that modulate autophagy activity under physiological conditions. C. elegans also provides a model to investigate how autophagy activity is coordinately controlled at an organismal level. In this chapter, we will discuss the molecular machinery, regulation, and physiological functions of autophagy, and also methods utilized for monitoring autophagy during C. elegans development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Alicia Meléndez
- Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and Biochemistry Ph.D. Programs, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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5
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Yuan C, Dong H, Wu C, Liu J, Wang Z, Wang X, Ren H, Wang Z, Lu Q. EPG-5 regulates TGFB/TGF-β and WNT signalling by modulating retrograde endocytic trafficking. Autophagy 2025:1-14. [PMID: 40152605 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2025.2485420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
The Vici syndrome protein EPG5 acts as a tethering factor determining the fusion specificity of autophagosomes with late endosomes/lysosomes. Here we demonstrated that during C. elegans development, EPG-5 modulates SMA and MAB TGFB/TGF-β signaling in controlling body size and also WNT signaling in regulating cell migration. EPG-5 is required for retrograde trafficking of the TGFB receptor SMA-6 and WLS/Wntless homolog MIG-14. In epg-5 mutants, SMA-6 and MIG-14 are trapped within hybrid endosomal structures, which colocalize with SNX-1- and SNX-3-labeled vesicles, respectively. Basolateral recycling processes of transmembrane cargos H.s.TFR/hTfR and H.s.IL2RA/hTAC are also defective in epg-5 mutants. Depletion of EPG-5 causes defective RAB-5 and RAB-7, and RAB-5 and RAB-10 conversion, leading to the formation of these hybrid vesicles. The defects in endocytic trafficking and autophagy in epg-5 mutants are ameliorated by knocking down components of the HOPS complex. Our study demonstrates the intersection between the autophagy pathway and the endocytic pathway, providing insights into the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Vici syndrome.Abbreviations: ALM: anterior lateral microtubule; ATG: autophagy related; AVM: anterior ventral microtubule; CORVET: class C core vacuole/endosome tethering; DAF-4: abnormal dauer formation 4; DIC: differential interference contrast; EPG: ectopic PGL granules; EPG-5: ectopic P granules 5; GAP: GTPase activating protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HOPS: homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting; H.s.IL2RA/hTAC: human interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha; H.s.TFR/hTfR: human transferrin receptor; L1/L4: the first/fourth larval; mCh: mCherry; MIG-14: abnormal cell migration 14; PLM: posterior lateral microtubule; PVM: posterior ventral microtubule; RAB: ras-related protein; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RME-1: receptor mediated endocytosis 1; SMA-6: small 6; SNARE: soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SNX: sorting nexin; TBC-2: TBC1 (Tre-2/Bub2/Cdc16) domain family 2; TGFB/TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TGN: trans-Golgi network; VPS: related to yeast vacuolar protein sorting factor; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huachuan Dong
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ma X, Gou X, Zhang H. T16G12.6/IMPORTIN 13-mediated cytoplasm-to-nucleus transport of the THAP transcription factor LIN-15B controls autophagy and lysosome function in C. elegans. Autophagy 2025:1-12. [PMID: 40128109 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2025.2482724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome pathway acts as an important mechanism for controlling autophagy activity. The factors that globally regulate autophagy activity at the transcriptional level during C. elegans development remain unknown. Here we showed that the THAP domain-containing transcription factor LIN-15B modulates autophagy activity during C. elegans development. Loss of function of lin-15B suppresses the autophagy defect caused by impaired autophagosome maturation and promotes lysosome biogenesis and function. LIN-15B maintains the repressed state of genes involved in the autophagy pathway. Accordingly, loss of function of lin-15B upregulates a plethora of genes involved in autophagosome formation and maturation as well as lysosome biogenesis and function. The cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of LIN-15B is mediated by the T16G12.6/IMPORTIN 13/IPO-13 receptor and modulated by nutrient status. Our study uncovers that LIN-15B integrates environmental cues into transcriptional control of a network of genes involved in autophagy in C. elegans.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; DIC: differential interference contrast; EPG: ectopic PGL granules; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FOXO: forkhead box O; GFP: green fluorescent protein; SQST-1: SeQueSTosome related 1; SynMuv: synthetic multivulva; IPO-13: importin 13; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Gou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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7
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Ge Y, Cao Y, Li F, Wang J, Liu Y, Guo W, Liu J, Fu S. Growth, fusion and degradation of lipid droplets: advances in lipid droplet regulatory protein. Arch Physiol Biochem 2025; 131:109-118. [PMID: 39115279 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2388779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
Context: An adequate supply of energy is essential for the proper functioning of all life activities in living organisms. As organelles that store neutral lipids, lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in the synthesis and metabolism of lipids in cells and are also an important source of energy supply. Methods and mechanisms: A comprehensive summary of the literature was first carried out to screen for relevant proteins affecting the morphological size of LDs. The size of milk fat globules (MFGs) is directly influenced by the morphological size of LDs, which also controls the energy storage capacity of LDs. In this review, we detail the progress of research into the role of some protein in regulating the morphological size of LDs. Conclusion: It has been discovered that the number of protein are involved in the control of LD growth and degradation, such as Rab18-mediated local synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG), cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector family proteins (CIDEs)-mediated atypical fusion between LDs, Stomatin protein-mediated LD fusion and autophagy-related proteins (ATGs)-mediated autophagic degradation of LDs. However, more studies are needed in the future to enrich the network of mechanisms that regulate the morphological size of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Ge
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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Yan Z, Huang A, Ma D, Hong C, Zhang S, He L, Rao H, Luo S. ATP6AP1 promotes cell proliferation and tamoxifen resistance in luminal breast cancer by inducing autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2025; 16:201. [PMID: 40133274 PMCID: PMC11937278 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-025-07534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2025] [Accepted: 03/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and influencing cancer development. Lysosomal acidification and autophagosome-lysosome fusion are two important steps of autophagy degradation that are tightly regulated. Although many key proteins that regulate these two events have been identified, the effector proteins that co-regulate both steps remain to be explored. ATP6AP1, an accessory subunit of V-ATPase, plays a critical role in the assembly and regulation of V-ATPase. However, the function of ATP6AP1 in autophagy remains unknown, and the role of ATP6AP1 in cancer is still poorly understood. In this study, we found that ATP6AP1 is overexpressed in luminal breast cancer tissues and promotes the proliferation and tamoxifen resistance of luminal breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also observed that high ATP6AP1 expression correlates with poor overall patient survival. Our research further revealed that ATP6AP1 enhances tamoxifen resistance by activating autophagy. Mechanistically, ATP6AP1 promotes autophagy by regulating both lysosomal acidification and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Remarkably, ATP6AP1 induces lysosomal acidification through the regulation of V-ATPase assembly and facilitates autophagosome-lysosome fusion by enhancing the interaction between Rab7 and the HOPS complex. Together, our studies identify ATP6AP1 as a crucial regulator of autophagy, potentially serving as a valuable prognostic marker or therapeutic target in human luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Yan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors; Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Aidi Huang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors; Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Pathology and Intelligent Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Dongwen Ma
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors; Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Pathology and Intelligent Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Chenao Hong
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors; Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Pathology and Intelligent Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors; Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Pathology and Intelligent Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Luling He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hai Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors; Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
- Department of Pathology and Institute of Molecular Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Precision Pathology and Intelligent Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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9
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Zheng Z, Ji C, Zhao H, Zhao YG. ATG2A acts as a tether to regulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion in neural cells. Autophagy 2025:1-12. [PMID: 40083067 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2025.2479427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The macroautophagy/autophagy proteins ATG2A and ATG2B transfer lipids for phagophore membrane growth. They also form stable complexes with WDR45 and WDR45B. Our previous study demonstrated that WDR45 and WDR45B mediate autophagosome-lysosome fusion in neural cells. Given the defective autophagosome formation in cells lacking both ATG2s, their role in later autophagy stages is hard to explore. Here, we report that in neuroblastoma-derived Neuro-2a (N2a) cells, knocking down (KD) Atg2a, but not Atg2b, results in significant accumulation of SQSTM1/p62 and MAP1LC3-II/LC3-II, indicating impaired autophagy. Atg2a deficiency does not affect autophagosome formation, but reduces colocalization of autophagosomal LC3 with late endosomal/lysosomal RFP-RAB7, suggesting impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. ATG2A interacts with the SNARE proteins STX17, SNAP29, and VAMP8, facilitating their assembly. Overexpression of ATG2A partially rescues the autophagosome-lysosome fusion defects in Wdr45- and Wdr45b-deficient cells. ATG2 and another tether protein, EPG5, function partially redundantly in mediating autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Thus, ATG2A plays a key role in neural autophagy by tethering autophagosomes with lysosomes for fusion.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; ATG2Ar: RNAi-resistant ATG2A; Baf: bafilomycin A1; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; CQ: chloroquine; DKD: double knockdown; DKO: double knockout; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; KD: knockdown; KO: knockout; MIL: membrane-impermeable Halo ligand; MPL: membrane-permeable Halo ligand; N2a: Neuro-2a; NC negative control; PG: phagophore; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; TM: transmembrane domain; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Cuicui Ji
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Biology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan G Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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10
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Pathania AS, Murugan A, Zahid A, Chava H, Coulter DW, Calin GA, Challagundla KB. SAP30, a novel autophagy regulatory gene in neuroblastoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2025; 33:200916. [PMID: 40190355 PMCID: PMC11969447 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2025]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), a devastating pediatric cancer originating from neural crest cells crucial for nervous system development, poses a significant therapeutic challenge. Despite chemotherapy being the primary treatment, approximately 70% of high-risk NB cases develop resistance. Autophagy is vital for neuronal development, balance, and differentiation of neural stem cells into mature neurons. However, the intricate mechanisms governing autophagy and the pivotal genes orchestrating its regulation in NB remain largely elusive. In this study, we first identified Sin3A Associated Protein 30 (SAP30) as a novel regulator of autophagy in NB. Silencing SAP30 inhibits autophagy and disrupts starvation-induced physiological autophagy in NB cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of SAP30 induces autophagy in NB cells under normal or starvation conditions. Mechanistically, SAP30 transcriptionally regulates STX17, a crucial protein involved in autophagosome-lysosome fusion during autophagy. Reduction of SAP30 decreases STX17 expression, hindering its translocation to the autophagic membrane and inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. SAP30-mediated autophagy enhances cell growth and provides protection in NB cells treated with chemotherapy drugs. Notably, suppressing SAP30 in vivo increases LC3B accumulation, an autophagy marker, along with reduced proliferation markers, both in vivo and in PDX tumors. Therefore, SAP30 emerges as a potential target to enhance NB responsiveness to chemotherapy drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S. Pathania
- The Child Health Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anjana Murugan
- UNMC High School Alliance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Areem Zahid
- UNMC High School Alliance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haritha Chava
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - George A. Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The RNA Interference and Non-coding RNA Center, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kishore B. Challagundla
- The Child Health Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
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11
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Zhang S, Gu M, Yin H, Pan S, Xie H, Chen W, Gul S, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Zheng W, You Y, You B. IGF2BP1-HAX-1 positive feedback loop-mediated HAX-1 overexpression blocks autophagic flux and promotes chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2025; 82:105. [PMID: 40055185 PMCID: PMC11889316 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-025-05604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/13/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy is associated with chemoresistance, which is the leading cause of failure in chemotherapeutic treatments. Among the various aspects of autophagy, autophagic flux serves as a critical indicator for evaluating the dynamic processes involved.We report herein that the multifunctional protein HAX-1 promotes chemoresistance by effectively blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Complementary mass spectrometric and functional studies also demonstrated that HAX-1 recruits NEDD4 to promote Rab7a degradation and inhibits binding of Rab7a with SNAREs by competitively binding to it. Furthermore, HAX-1 binds IGF2BP1 mRNA, thereby contributing to its stability and translation. Moreover, IGF2BP1 enhanced HAX-1 m6A methylation, thereby enhancing its stability. By way of in-vivo and in-vitro experiments, we confirmed the positive role of the IGF2BP1-HAX-1 feedback loop in chemoresistance. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that monitoring of HAX-1, IGF2BP1, and SQSTM1 levels can serve as useful predictors of clinical outcome and chemoresistance risk. In addition, our data provide new insights into the clinical applications of therapies related to autophagic flux and its associated molecular network in targeting cisplatin chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Miao Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haimeng Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haijing Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheraz Gul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zhefang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jiefang Road 88, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Nantong University Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yiwen You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Bo You
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
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12
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Wang J, Qian C, Wang Y, Lu S, Song L, He Z, Liu W, Wan W. The cGAS-STING pathway activates transcription factor TFEB to stimulate lysosome biogenesis and pathogen clearance. Immunity 2025; 58:309-325.e6. [PMID: 39689715 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Induction of autophagy is an ancient function of the cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway through which autophagic cargoes are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. However, whether lysosome function is also modulated by the cGAS-STING pathway remains unknown. Here, we discovered that the cGAS-STING pathway upregulated lysosomal activity by stimulating lysosome biogenesis independently of the downstream protein kinase TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). STING activation enhanced lysosome biogenesis through inducing the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) as well as its paralogs transcription factor E3 (TFE3) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). STING-induced lipidation of GABA type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), an autophagy-related protein, on STING vesicles was responsible for TFEB activation. Membrane-bound GABARAP sequestered the GTPase-activating protein folliculin (FLCN) and FLCN-interacting protein (FNIP) complex to block its function toward the Rag GTPases Ras-related GTP-binding C and D (RagC and RagD), abolishing mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of TFEB. Functionally, STING-induced lysosome biogenesis within cells facilitated the clearance of cytoplasmic DNA and invading pathogens. Thus, our findings reveal that induction of lysosome biogenesis is another important function of the cGAS-STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuying Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yusha Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Zheng Q, Zhang H, Zhao H, Chen Y, Yang H, Li T, Cai Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhang M, Zhang H. Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II β decodes ER Ca 2+ transients to trigger autophagosome formation. Mol Cell 2025; 85:620-637.e6. [PMID: 39742665 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, very little is known about how Ca2+ transients on the ER outer surface elicited by autophagy stimuli are sustained and decoded to trigger autophagosome formation. Here, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II β (CaMKIIβ) integrates ER Ca2+ transients to trigger liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the autophagosome-initiating FIP200 complex. In response to ER Ca2+ transients, CaMKIIβ is recruited from actin filaments and forms condensates, which serve as sites for the emergence of or interaction with FIP200 puncta. CaMKIIβ phosphorylates FIP200 at Thr269, Thr1127, and Ser1484 to modulate LLPS and properties of the FIP200 complex, thereby controlling its function in autophagosome formation. CaMKIIβ also controls the amplitude, duration, and propagation of ER Ca2+ transients during autophagy induction. CaMKIIβ mutations identified in the neurodevelopmental disorder MRD54 affect the function of CaMKIIβ in autophagy. Our study reveals that CaMKIIβ is essential for sustaining and decoding ER Ca2+ transients to specify autophagosome formation in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongzhining Yang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixu Cai
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Youjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Brown JW, Lin X, Nicolazzi GA, Liu X, Nguyen T, Radyk MD, Burclaff J, Mills JC. Cathartocytosis: Jettisoning of Unwanted Material during Cellular Reprogramming. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2024.06.11.598489. [PMID: 38915707 PMCID: PMC11195262 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Injury can cause differentiated cells to undergo massive reprogramming to become proliferative to repair tissue via a cellular program called paligenosis. Gastric digestive-enzyme-secreting chief cells use paligenosis to reprogram into progenitor-like Spasmolytic-Polypeptide Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM) cells. Stage 1 of paligenosis is the downscaling of mature cell architecture via a process involving lysosomes. Here, we noticed that sulfated glycoproteins were not only digested during paligenosis but also excreted into the gland lumen. Various genetic and pharmacological approaches showed that endoplasmic reticulum membranes and secretory granule cargo were also excreted and that the process proceeded in parallel with, but was mechanistically independent of autophagy. 3-dimensional light and electron-microscopy demonstrated that excretion occurred via unique, complex, multi-chambered invaginations of the apical plasma membrane. As this lysosome-independent cell cleansing process does not seem to have been priorly described, we termed it "cathartocytosis". Cathartocytosis allows a cell to rapidly eject excess material without waiting for autophagic and lysosomal digestion. We speculate the ejection of sulfated glycoproteins would aid in downscaling and might also help bind and flush pathogens away from tissue.
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15
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Deneubourg C, Salimi Dafsari H, Lowe S, Martinez-Cotrina A, Mazaud D, Park SH, Vergani V, Almacellas Barbanoj A, Maroofian R, Averdunk L, Ghayoor-Karimiani E, Jayawant S, Mignot C, Keren B, Peters R, Kamath A, Mattas L, Verma S, Silwal A, Distelmaier F, Houlden H, Lignani G, Antebi A, Jepson J, Jungbluth H, Fanto M. Epg5 links proteotoxic stress due to defective autophagic clearance and epileptogenesis in Drosophila and Vici syndrome patients. Autophagy 2025; 21:447-459. [PMID: 39342484 PMCID: PMC11760255 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2405956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition that arises from dysfunctional neuronal circuit control due to either acquired or innate disorders. Autophagy is an essential neuronal housekeeping mechanism, which causes severe proteotoxic stress when impaired. Autophagy impairment has been associated to epileptogenesis through a variety of molecular mechanisms. Vici Syndrome (VS) is the paradigmatic congenital autophagy disorder in humans due to recessive variants in the ectopic P-granules autophagy tethering factor 5 (EPG5) gene that is crucial for autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autophagic clearance. Here, we used Drosophila melanogaster to study the importance of Epg5 in development, aging, and seizures. Our data indicate that proteotoxic stress due to impaired autophagic clearance and seizure-like behaviors correlate and are commonly regulated, suggesting that seizures occur as a direct consequence of proteotoxic stress and age-dependent neurodegenerative progression. We provide complementary evidence from EPG5-mutated patients demonstrating an epilepsy phenotype consistent with Drosophila predictions.Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer's disease; ALS-FTD: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-FrontoTemoporal Dementia; DART: Drosophila Arousal Tracking; ECoG: electrocorticogram; EEG: electroencephalogram; EPG5: ectopic P-granules 5 autophagy tethering factor; KA: kainic acid; MBs: mushroom bodies; MRI magnetic resonance imaging; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PD: Parkinson's disease; TSC: TSC complex; VS: Vici syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Deneubourg
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hormos Salimi Dafsari
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina’s London Children Hospital, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max–Planck–Institute for Biology of Ageing and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Lowe
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aitana Martinez-Cotrina
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Mazaud
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seo Hyun Park
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Vergani
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Almacellas Barbanoj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich–Heine–University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor-Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Jayawant
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génomique du Développement, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Département de Génétique, Unité Fonctionnelle de Génomique du Développement, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Renate Peters
- Department of Pediatrics, Christliches Kinderhospital Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Arveen Kamath
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service (AWMGS), University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Mattas
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Sumit Verma
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia, Atlanta, USA
| | - Arpana Silwal
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich–Heine–University, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Lignani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Antebi
- Max–Planck–Institute for Biology of Ageing and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - James Jepson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Evelina’s London Children Hospital, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signaling Section, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manolis Fanto
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Li S, Wang Y, Liang X, Li Y. Autophagy intersection: Unraveling the role of the SNARE complex in lysosomal fusion in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2025; 103:979-993. [PMID: 39784954 DOI: 10.1177/13872877241307403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process critical for maintaining neuronal health, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review explores the intricate role of the SNARE complex in the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, a crucial step in autophagic flux. Disruptions in this fusion process, often resulting from aberrant SNARE complex function or impaired lysosomal acidification, contribute to the pathological accumulation of autophagosomes and lysosomes observed in AD. We examine the composition, regulation, and interacting molecules of the SNARE complex, emphasizing its central role in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Furthermore, we discuss the potential impact of specific SNARE protein mutations and the broader implications for neuronal health and disease progression. By elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying SNARE-mediated autophagic fusion, we aim to highlight therapeutic targets that could restore autophagic function and mitigate the neurodegenerative processes characteristic of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
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17
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Kalugotla G, Marmerstein V, Schriefer LA, Wang L, Morrison S, Perez LC, Schedl T, Pak SC, Baldridge MT. ATG-3 limits Orsay virus infection in C. elegans through regulation of collagen pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.01.13.632696. [PMID: 39868230 PMCID: PMC11761658 DOI: 10.1101/2025.01.13.632696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process which functions to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors such as starvation or infection. Here, we report that a subset of autophagy factors including ATG-3 play an antiviral role in Orsay virus infection of Caenorhabditis elegans. Orsay virus infection does not modulate autophagic flux, and re-feeding after starvation limits Orsay virus infection and blocks autophagic flux, suggesting that the role of ATG-3 in Orsay virus susceptibility is independent of its role in maintaining autophagic flux. atg-3 mutants phenocopy rde-1 mutants, which have a defect in RNA interference (RNAi), in susceptibility to Orsay virus infection and transcriptional response to infection. However, atg-3 mutants do not exhibit defects in RNAi. Additionally, atg-3 limits viral infection at a post-entry step, similar to rde-1 mutants. Differential expression analysis using RNA sequencing revealed that antiviral sqt-2, which encodes a collagen trimer protein, is depleted in naïve and infected atg-3 mutants, as well as in infected WT animals, as are numerous other collagen genes. These data suggest that ATG-3 has a role in collagen organization pathways that function in antiviral defense in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Kalugotla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vivien Marmerstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence A. Schriefer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leran Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luis Casorla Perez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tim Schedl
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen C. Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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18
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Wu ZL, Liu Y, Song W, Zhou KS, Ling Y, Zhang HH. Role of mitophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration: A narrative review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2025; 33:27-41. [PMID: 39537018 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pivotal role of mitophagy in the initiation and progression of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) has become increasingly apparent due to a growing body of research on its pathogenesis. This review summarizes the role of mitophagy in IDD and the therapeutic potential of targeting this process. DESIGN This narrative review is divided into three parts: the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy, the role of mitophagy in IDD, and the applications and prospects of mitophagy for the treatment of IDD. RESULTS Mitophagy protects cells against harmful external stimuli and plays a crucial protective role by promoting extracellular matrix (ECM) production, inhibiting ECM degradation, and reducing apoptosis, senescence, and cartilage endplate calcification. However, excessive mitophagy is often detrimental to cells. Currently, the regulatory mechanisms governing appropriate and excessive mitophagy remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS Proper mitophagy effectively maintains IVD cell homeostasis and slows the progression of IDD. Conversely, excessive mitophagy may accelerate IDD development. Further research is needed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying appropriate and excessive mitophagy, which could provide new theoretical support for the application of mitophagy targeting to the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Long Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Sports Teaching and Research Department of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Hai-Hong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, The Second Hospital&Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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19
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Zhu J, Li M, Lu H, Li Y, Ren M, Xu J, Ding W, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Mo X, Mao C. The t-SNARE protein OsSYP132 is required for vesicle fusion and root morphogenesis in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:2413-2429. [PMID: 39449241 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Root morphogenesis is crucial for water and nutrient acquisition, but many aspects of root morphogenesis in crops are not well-understood. Here, we cloned and functionally characterized a key gene for root morphogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa) based on mutant analysis. The stop root morphogenesis 1 (srm1) mutant lacks crown roots (CRs) and lateral roots (LRs) and carries a point mutation in the t-SNARE coding gene SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (OsSYP132), leading to a premature stop codon and ablating the post-transmembrane (PTM) region of OsSYP132. We identified the functional SNARE complex OsSYP132-OsNPSN13-OsSYP71-OsVAMP721/722 and determined that the integrity of the PTM region of OsSYP132 is essential for OsSYP132-based SNARE complex-mediated fusion of OsVAMP721/722 vesicles with the plasma membrane. The loss of this region in srm1 disrupts the intercellular trafficking and plasma membrane localization of OsPIN1b, preventing proper auxin distribution in the primordia of CRs and LRs and inhibiting their outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meiyan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wona Ding
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
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20
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He Z, Li F, Yan J, Liu M, Chen Y, Guo C. The dual role of autophagy during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:136978. [PMID: 39471930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that transports cellular components to lysosomes for degradation and reuse. It impacts various cellular functions, including innate and adaptive immunity. It can exhibit a dual role in viral infections, either promoting or inhibiting viral replication depending on the virus and the stage of the infection cycle. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen impacting the sustainable development of the global pork industry. Recent research has shown that PRRSV has evolved specific mechanisms to facilitate or impede autophagosome maturation, thereby evading innate and adaptive immune responses. These primary mechanisms involve viral proteins that target multiple regulators of autophagosome formation, including autophagy receptors, tethering proteins, autophagy-related (ATG) genes, as well as the functional proteins of autophagosomes and late endosomes/lysosomes. Additionally, these mechanisms are related to the post-translational modification of key components, viral antigens for presentation to T lymphocytes, interferon production, and the biogenesis and function of lysosomes. This review discusses the specific mechanisms by which PRRSV targets autophagy in host defence and virus survival, summarizes the role of viral proteins in subverting the autophagic process, and examines how the host utilizes the antiviral functions of autophagy to prevent PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiecong Yan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chunhe Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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21
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Sudsat P, Srisala J, Pakotiprapha D, Tapaneeyakorn S, Sritunyalucksana K, Thitamadee S, Charoensutthivarakul S, Itsathitphaisarn O. VP28 interacts with PmRab7 irrespective of its nucleotide state. Sci Rep 2024; 14:27803. [PMID: 39537865 PMCID: PMC11560936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-79310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In shrimp aquaculture, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infections severely impact production. Previous research highlighted the crucial role of the Penaeus monodon Rab7 (PmRab7) protein in WSSV entry, specifically its interaction with the viral envelope protein VP28. PmRab7 exists in two conformations: GDP-bound (inactive) and GTP-bound (active). This study, using ELISA and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), reveals that the PmRab7-VP28 interaction occurs irrespective of the nucleotide binding state of PmRab7. Comparing the binding affinity between VP28 and different PmRab7 conformations, including wild-type (WT, 22.5 nM), a fast nucleotide exchange (L129F, 128 nM), a GDP-bound form (T22N, 334 nM), and a favorably GTP-bound form (Q67L, 1990 nM), PmRab7-WT exhibits the strongest binding affinity, especially at a lower temperature (25 °C). The binding of PmRab7-WT and VP28 in the presence of excess nucleotide (WT with excess GDP, 924 nM, and WT with excess GTP, 826 nM) shows a 2-fold higher binding affinity than in the absence (WT, 1920 nM) indicating that the addition of excess nucleotide for PmRab7-WT enhanced the affinity for VP28. Together, these findings support the potential of PmRab7-WT as a promising therapeutic candidate for WSSV control in shrimp. Furthermore, from an industrial point of view, the ITC platform developed to study the VP28-PmRab7 interactions provides a high-throughput method for screening additives for shrimp feed that can inhibit this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcha Sudsat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Srisala
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Klong Neung, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Danaya Pakotiprapha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology (CPET), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Satita Tapaneeyakorn
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Klong Neung, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Siripong Thitamadee
- Center of Excellence in Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Analytical Sciences and National Doping Test Institute, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sitthivut Charoensutthivarakul
- School of Bioinnovation and Bio-based Product Intelligence, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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22
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Ke PY, Yeh CT. Functional Role of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A in the Regulation of Autophagy. Pathogens 2024; 13:980. [PMID: 39599533 PMCID: PMC11597459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Many types of RNA viruses, including the hepatitis C virus (HCV), activate autophagy in infected cells to promote viral growth and counteract the host defense response. Autophagy acts as a catabolic pathway in which unnecessary materials are removed via the lysosome, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis. The HCV non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein is a phosphoprotein required for viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and the determination of interferon (IFN) sensitivity. Recently, increasing evidence has shown that HCV NS5A can induce autophagy to promote mitochondrial turnover and the degradation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF-1α) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1). In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the detailed mechanism by which HCV NS5A triggers autophagy, and outline the physiological significance of the balance between host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
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23
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Esposito A, Seri T, Breccia M, Indrigo M, De Rocco G, Nuzzolillo F, Denti V, Pappacena F, Tartaglione G, Serrao S, Paglia G, Murru L, de Pretis S, Cioni JM, Landsberger N, Guarnieri FC, Palmieri M. Unraveling autophagic imbalances and therapeutic insights in Mecp2-deficient models. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:2795-2826. [PMID: 39402139 PMCID: PMC11555085 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in MECP2 are associated to Rett syndrome (RTT), a severe neurodevelopmental disease. Mainly working as a transcriptional regulator, MeCP2 absence leads to gene expression perturbations resulting in deficits of synaptic function and neuronal activity. In addition, RTT patients and mouse models suffer from a complex metabolic syndrome, suggesting that related cellular pathways might contribute to neuropathogenesis. Along this line, autophagy is critical in sustaining developing neuron homeostasis by breaking down dysfunctional proteins, lipids, and organelles.Here, we investigated the autophagic pathway in RTT and found reduced content of autophagic vacuoles in Mecp2 knock-out neurons. This correlates with defective lipidation of LC3B, probably caused by a deficiency of the autophagic membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine. The administration of the autophagy inducer trehalose recovers LC3B lipidation, autophagosomes content in knock-out neurons, and ameliorates their morphology, neuronal activity and synaptic ultrastructure. Moreover, we provide evidence for attenuation of motor and exploratory impairment in Mecp2 knock-out mice upon trehalose administration. Overall, our findings open new perspectives for neurodevelopmental disorders therapies based on the concept of autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Esposito
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Seri
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Breccia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - Marzia Indrigo
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Rocco
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | | | - Vanna Denti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pappacena
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Tartaglione
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Serrao
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paglia
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Murru
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Pretis
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Landsberger
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Claudia Guarnieri
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
| | - Michela Palmieri
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Ottensmeyer J, Esch A, Baeta H, Sieger S, Gupta Y, Rathmann MF, Jeschke A, Jacko D, Schaaf K, Schiffer T, Rahimi B, Lövenich L, Sisto A, van der Ven PFM, Fürst DO, Haas A, Bloch W, Gehlert S, Hoffmann B, Timmerman V, Huesgen PF, Höhfeld J. Force-induced dephosphorylation activates the cochaperone BAG3 to coordinate protein homeostasis and membrane traffic. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4170-4183.e9. [PMID: 39181128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Proteome maintenance in contracting skeletal and cardiac muscles depends on the chaperone-regulating protein BAG3. Reduced BAG3 activity leads to muscle weakness and heart failure in animal models and patients. BAG3 and its chaperone partners recognize mechanically damaged muscle proteins and initiate their disposal through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). However, molecular details of the force-dependent regulation of BAG3 have remained elusive so far. Here, we demonstrate that mechanical stress triggers the dephosphorylation of BAG3 in human muscle and in isolated cells. We identify force-regulated phospho-switches in BAG3 that control CASA complex assembly and CASA activity. Differential proteomics reveal RAB GTPases, which organize membrane traffic and fusion, as dephosphorylation-dependent interactors of BAG3. In fact, RAB7A and RAB11B are shown here to be essential for CASA in skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, BAG3 dephosphorylation is also observed upon induction of mitophagy, suggesting an involvement of the cochaperone in the RAB7A-dependent autophagic engulfment of damaged mitochondria in exercised muscle. Cooperation of BAG3 with RAB7A relies on a direct interaction of both proteins, which is regulated by the nucleotide state of the GTPase and by association with the autophagosome membrane protein LC3B. Finally, we provide evidence that BAG3 and RAB7A also cooperate in non-muscle cells and propose that overactivation of CASA in RAB7A-L129F patients contributes to the loss of peripheral neurons in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Ottensmeyer
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Esch
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henrique Baeta
- Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Sieger
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yamini Gupta
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Rathmann
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Jeschke
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Jacko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirill Schaaf
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bahareh Rahimi
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lukas Lövenich
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Angela Sisto
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert Haas
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Sport Science, University of Hildesheim, Universitätsplatz 1, 31139 Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born Bunge and University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pitter F Huesgen
- Institute for Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Ulrich-Haberland-Str. 61a, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Jiang D, He Y, Li H, Dai L, Sun B, Yang L, Pang L, Cao Z, Liu Y, Gao J, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Li R. A condensates-to-VPS41-associated phagic vacuoles conversion pathway controls autophagy degradation in plants. Dev Cell 2024; 59:2287-2301.e6. [PMID: 39111309 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a universal degradation system in eukaryotic cells. In plants, although autophagosome biogenesis has been extensively studied, the mechanism of how autophagosomes are transported to the vacuole for degradation remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrated that upon autophagy induction, Arabidopsis homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) subunit VPS41 converts first from condensates to puncta, then to ring-like structures, termed VPS41-associated phagic vacuoles (VAPVs), which enclose autophagy-related gene (ATG)8s for vacuolar degradation. This process is initiated by ADP ribosylation factor (ARF)-like GTPases ARLA1s and occurs concurrently with autophagy progression through coupling with the synaptic-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein rmleceptor (SNARE) proteins. Unlike in other eukaryotes, autophagy degradation in Arabidopsis is largely independent of the RAB7 pathway. By contrast, dysfunction in the condensates-to-VAPVs conversion process impairs autophagosome structure and disrupts their vacuolar transport, leading to a significant reduction in autophagic flux and plant survival rate. Our findings suggest that the conversion pathway might be an integral part of the autophagy program unique to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilin He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liufeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Biological Science and Technology, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Bingyan Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lianming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiran Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Biological Science and Technology, Zhuhai-Macao Biotechnology Joint Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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26
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Vernet Machado Bressan Wilke M, Goldstein J, Groopman E, Mohan S, Waddell A, Fernandez R, Chen H, Bali D, Baudet H, Clarke L, Hung C, Mao R, Yuzyuk T, Craigen WJ, Pinto E Vairo F. Developing a scoring system for gene curation prioritization in lysosomal diseases. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 143:108572. [PMID: 39265286 PMCID: PMC11473227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diseases caused by lysosomal dysfunction often exhibit multisystemic involvement, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Ensuring accurate diagnoses for individuals with lysosomal diseases (LD) is of great importance, especially with the increasing prominence of genetic testing as a primary diagnostic method. As the list of genes associated with LD continues to expand due to the use of more comprehensive tests such as exome and genome sequencing, it is imperative to understand the clinical validity of the genes, as well as identify appropriate genes for inclusion in multi-gene testing and sequencing panels. The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) works to determine the clinical importance of genes and variants to support precision medicine. As part of this work, ClinGen has developed a semi-quantitative framework to assess the strength of evidence for the role of a gene in a disease. Given the diversity in gene composition across LD panels offered by various laboratories and the evolving comprehension of genetic variants affecting secondary lysosomal functions, we developed a scoring system to define LD (Lysosomal Disease Scoring System - LDSS). This system sought to aid in the prioritization of genes for clinical validity curation and assess their suitability for LD-targeted sequencing panels. METHODS Through literature review encompassing terms associated with both classically designated LD and LFRD, we identified 14 criteria grouped into "Overall Definition," "Phenotype," and "Pathophysiology." These criteria included concepts such as the "accumulation of undigested or partially digested macromolecules within the lysosome" and being "associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations impacting multiple organs and systems." The criteria, along with their respective weighted values, underwent refinement through expert panel evaluation differentiating them between "major" and "minor" criteria. Subsequently, the LDSS underwent validation on 12 widely acknowledged LD and was later tested by applying these criteria to the Lysosomal Disease Network's (LDN) official Gene List. RESULTS The final LDSS comprised 4 major criteria and 10 minor criteria, with a cutoff of 2 major or 1 major and 3 minor criteria established to define LD. Interestingly, when applied to both the LDN list and a comprehensive gene list encompassing genes included in clinical panels and published as LFRD genes, we identified four genes (GRN, SLC29A3, CLN7 and VPS33A) absent from the LDN list, that were deemed associated with LD. Conversely, a subset of non-classic genes included in the LDN list, such as MTOR, OCRL, and SLC9A6, received lower LDSS scores for their associated disease entities. While these genes may not be suitable for inclusion in clinical LD multi-gene panels, they could be considered for inclusion on other, non-LD gene panels. DISCUSSION The LDSS offers a systematic approach to prioritize genes for clinical validity assessment. By identifying genes with high scores on the LDSS, this method enhanced the efficiency of gene curation by the ClinGen LD GCEP. CONCLUSION The LDSS not only serves as a tool for gene prioritization prior to clinical validity curation, but also contributes to the ongoing discussion on the definition of LD. Moreover, the LDSS provides a flexible framework adaptable to future discoveries, ensuring its relevance in the ever-expanding landscape of LD research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Goldstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Emily Groopman
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Amber Waddell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Raquel Fernandez
- American College of Genetics and Genomics, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Prevention Genetics, part of Exact Sciences, Marshfield, WI, United States of America
| | - Deeksha Bali
- Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Heather Baudet
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lorne Clarke
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Rong Mao
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Yuzyuk
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America
| | | | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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Pareek G, Kundu M. Physiological functions of ULK1/2. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168472. [PMID: 38311233 PMCID: PMC11382334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases that are best known for their evolutionarily conserved role in the autophagy pathway. Upon sensing the nutrient status of a cell, ULK1/2 integrate signals from upstream cellular energy sensors such as mTOR and AMPK and relay them to the downstream components of the autophagy machinery. ULK1/2 also play indispensable roles in the selective autophagy pathway, removing damaged mitochondria, invading pathogens, and toxic protein aggregates. Additional functions of ULK1/2 have emerged beyond autophagy, including roles in protein trafficking, RNP granule dynamics, and signaling events impacting innate immunity, axon guidance, cellular homeostasis, and cell fate. Therefore, it is no surprise that alterations in ULK1/2 expression and activity have been linked with pathophysiological processes, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that ULK1/2 function as biological rheostats, tuning cellular functions to intra and extra-cellular cues. Given their broad physiological relevance, ULK1/2 are candidate targets for small molecule activators or inhibitors that may pave the way for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Pareek
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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28
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Deng P, Fan T, Gao P, Peng Y, Li M, Li J, Qin M, Hao R, Wang L, Li M, Zhang L, Chen C, He M, Lu Y, Ma Q, Luo Y, Tian L, Xie J, Chen M, Xu S, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Pi H. SIRT5-Mediated Desuccinylation of RAB7A Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology by Restoring Autophagic Flux. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402030. [PMID: 38837686 PMCID: PMC11321632 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a neurotoxic contaminant that induces cognitive decline similar to that observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagic flux dysfunction is attributed to the pathogenesis of AD, and this study aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy on environmental Cd-induced AD progression and the underlying mechanism. Here, Cd exposure inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion and impaired lysosomal function, leading to defects in autophagic clearance and then to APP accumulation and nerve cell death. Proteomic analysis coupled with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified SIRT5 as an essential molecular target in Cd-impaired autophagic flux. Mechanistically, Cd exposure hampered the expression of SIRT5, thus increasing the succinylation of RAB7A at lysine 31 and inhibiting RAB7A activity, which contributed to autophagic flux blockade. Importantly, SIRT5 overexpression led to the restoration of autophagic flux blockade, the alleviation of Aβ deposition and memory deficits, and the desuccinylation of RAB7A in Cd-exposed FAD4T mice. Additionally, SIRT5 levels decrease mainly in neurons but not in other cell clusters in the brains of AD patients according to single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from the public dataset GSE188545. This study reveals that SIRT5-catalysed RAB7A desuccinylation is an essential adaptive mechanism for the amelioration of Cd-induced autophagic flux blockade and AD-like pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Tengfei Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410007China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Yongchun Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan410007China
| | - Min Li
- Basic Medical LaboratoryGeneral Hospital of Central Theater CommandWuhan430070China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumour and InterventionWuhan430070China
| | - Jingdian Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Mingke Qin
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Rongrong Hao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis CenterArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Qinlong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Center of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational DiseasesChongqing Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases and PoisoningChongqing400060China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Center for Neuro IntelligenceSchool of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing400030China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education)Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing400038China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China
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Han Q, Yu Y, Liu X, Guo Y, Shi J, Xue Y, Li Y. The Role of Endothelial Cell Mitophagy in Age-Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0788. [PMID: 39122456 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and mitochondrial autophagy impairment is considered a significant physiological change associated with aging. Endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and function, participating in various physiological processes such as regulating vascular tone, coagulation, angiogenesis, and inflammatory responses. As aging progresses, mitochondrial autophagy impairment in endothelial cells worsens, leading to the development of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, regulating mitochondrial autophagy in endothelial cells is vital for preventing and treating age-related cardiovascular diseases. However, there is currently a lack of systematic reviews in this area. To address this gap, we have written this review to provide new research and therapeutic strategies for managing aging and age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancheng Han
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yiding Yu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujuan Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghong Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingle Shi
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yitao Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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30
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Dawson ZD, Sundaramoorthi H, Regmi S, Zhang B, Morrison S, Fielder SM, Zhang JR, Hoang H, Perlmutter DH, Luke CJ, Silverman GA, Pak SC. A fluorescent reporter for rapid assessment of autophagic flux reveals unique autophagy signatures during C. elegans post-embryonic development and identifies compounds that modulate autophagy. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:2371736. [PMID: 39070663 PMCID: PMC11271720 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2371736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is important for many physiological processes; and disordered autophagy can contribute to the pathogenesis of a broad range of systemic disorders. C. elegans is a useful model organism for studying the genetics of autophagy, however, current methods for studying autophagy are labor-intensive and not readily amenable to high-throughput procedures. Here we describe a fluorescent reporter, GFP::LGG-1::mKate2, which is useful for monitoring autophagic flux in live animals. In the intestine, the fusion protein is processed by endogenous ATG-4 to generate GFP::LGG-1 and mKate2 proteins. We provide data indicating that the GFP:mKate ratio is a suitable readout for measuring cellular autophagic flux. Using this reporter, we measured autophagic flux in L1 larvae to day 7 adult animals. We show that basal autophagic flux is relatively low during larval development but increases markedly in reproductive adults before decreasing with age. Furthermore, we show that wild-type, eat-2, and daf-2 mutant animals have distinct autophagic flux profiles through post-embryonic development. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this reporter by performing a high-content small molecule screen to identify compounds that alter autophagic flux in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Dawson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sundaramoorthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Suk Regmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Stephanie Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Sara M. Fielder
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Jessie R. Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Hieu Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - David H. Perlmutter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Cliff J. Luke
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Gary A. Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
| | - Stephen C. Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Washington63110, USA
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31
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Nakamura Y, Sawai T, Kakiuchi K, Arawaka S. Neuronal activity promotes secretory autophagy for the extracellular release of α-synuclein. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107419. [PMID: 38815862 PMCID: PMC11253543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular secretion is an essential mechanism for α-synuclein (α-syn) proteostasis. Although it has been reported that neuronal activity affects α-syn secretion, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the autophagic processes that regulate the physiological release of α-syn in mouse primary cortical neurons and SH-SY5Y cells. Stimulating neuronal activity with glutamate or depolarization with high KCl enhanced α-syn secretion. This glutamate-induced α-syn secretion was blocked by a mixture of NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 and AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX, as well as by cytosolic Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. Additionally, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin increased α-syn and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) secretion, and this effect of rapamycin was reduced in primary cortical neurons deficient in the autophagy regulator beclin 1 (derived from BECN1+/- mice). Glutamate-induced α-syn and p62 secretion was suppressed by the knockdown of ATG5, which is required for autophagosome formation. Glutamate increased LC3-II generation and decreased intracellular p62 levels, and the increase in LC3-II levels was blocked by BAPTA-AM. Moreover, glutamate promoted co-localization of α-syn with LC3-positive puncta, but not with LAMP1-positive structures in the neuronal somas. Glutamate-induced α-syn and p62 secretion were also reduced by the knockdown of RAB8A, which is required for autophagosome fusion with the plasma membrane. Collectively, these findings suggest that stimulating neuronal activity mediates autophagic α-syn secretion in a cytosolic Ca2+-dependent manner, and autophagosomes may participate in autophagic secretion by functioning as α-syn carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitsugu Nakamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiki Sawai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kakiuchi
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Arawaka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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Huang L, Guo H. Acetylation modification in the regulation of macroautophagy. ADVANCED BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 2:19. [PMID: 39883319 PMCID: PMC11740868 DOI: 10.1007/s44307-024-00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025]
Abstract
Macroautophagy, commonly referred to as autophagy, is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It orchestrates the delivery of dysfunctional or surplus cellular materials to the vacuole or lysosome for degradation and recycling, particularly during adverse conditions. Over the past few decades, research has unveiled intricate regulatory mechanisms governing autophagy through various post-translational modifications (PTMs). Among these PTMs, acetylation modification has emerged as a focal point in yeast and animal studies. It plays a pivotal role in autophagy by directly targeting core components within the central machinery of autophagy, including autophagy initiation, nucleation, phagophore expansion, and autophagosome maturation. Additionally, acetylation modulates autophagy at the transcriptional level by modifying histones and transcription factors. Despite its well-established significance in yeast and mammals, the role of acetylation in plant autophagy remains largely unexplored, and the precise regulatory mechanisms remain enigmatic. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current understanding of the function and underlying mechanisms of acetylation in regulating autophagy across yeast, mammals, and plants. We particularly highlight recent advances in deciphering the impact of acetylation on plant autophagy. These insights not only provide valuable guidance but also inspire further scientific inquiries into the intricate role of acetylation in plant autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Manganelli V, Dini L, Tacconi S, Dinarelli S, Capozzi A, Riitano G, Recalchi S, Caglar TR, Fratini F, Misasi R, Sorice M, Garofalo T. Autophagy Promotes Enrichment of Raft Components within Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human 2FTGH Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6175. [PMID: 38892363 PMCID: PMC11172899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a key role in removing protein aggregates and damaged organelles. In addition to its conventional degradative functions, autophagy machinery contributes to the release of cytosolic proteins through an unconventional secretion pathway. In this research, we analyzed autophagy-induced extracellular vesicles (EVs) in HT1080-derived human fibrosarcoma 2FTGH cells using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We preliminary observed that autophagy induces the formation of a subset of large heterogeneous intracellular vesicular structures. Moreover, AFM showed that autophagy triggering led to a more visible smooth cell surface with a reduced amount of plasma membrane protrusions. Next, we characterized EVs secreted by cells following autophagy induction, demonstrating that cells release both plasma membrane-derived microvesicles and exosomes. A self-forming iodixanol gradient was performed for cell subfractionation. Western blot analysis showed that endogenous LC3-II co-fractionated with CD63 and CD81. Then, we analyzed whether raft components are enriched within EV cargoes following autophagy triggering. We observed that the raft marker GD3 and ER marker ERLIN1 co-fractionated with LC3-II; dual staining by immunogold electron microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation revealed GD3-LC3-II association, indicating that autophagy promotes enrichment of raft components within EVs. Introducing a new brick in the crosstalk between autophagy and the endolysosomal system may have important implications for the knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms, suggesting alternative raft target therapies in diseases in which the generation of EV is active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Manganelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Tacconi
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM 1060-INRAE 1397, Department of Human Nutrition, Lyon Sud Hospital, University of Lyon, 69310 Lyon, France;
| | - Simone Dinarelli
- Institute for the Structure of Matter (ISM), National Research Council (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Capozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Serena Recalchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Tuba Rana Caglar
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Federica Fratini
- Proteomics Core Facility, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberta Misasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.M.); (A.C.); (G.R.); (S.R.); (T.R.C.); (R.M.); (T.G.)
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Zhu Y, Liu F, Jian F, Rong Y. Recent progresses in the late stages of autophagy. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100152. [PMID: 38435435 PMCID: PMC10904915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2024.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation process, plays a crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis. It serves as a vital mechanism for adapting to stress and ensuring intracellular quality control. Autophagy deficiencies or defects are linked to numerous human disorders, especially those associated with neuronal degeneration or metabolic diseases. Yoshinori Ohsumi was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2016 for his groundbreaking discoveries regarding autophagy mechanisms. Over the past few decades, autophagy research has predominantly concentrated on the early stages of autophagy, with relatively limited attention given to the late stages. Nevertheless, recent studies have witnessed substantial advancements in understanding the molecular intricacies of the late stages, which follows autophagosome formation. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent progresses in comprehending the molecular mechanisms of the late stages of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYan Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fengping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fenglei Jian
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yueguang Rong
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Li L, Liu X, Yang S, Li M, Wu Y, Hu S, Wang W, Jiang A, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Ma X, Hu J, Zhao Q, Liu Y, Li D, Hu J, Yang C, Feng W, Wang X. The HEAT repeat protein HPO-27 is a lysosome fission factor. Nature 2024; 628:630-638. [PMID: 38538795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation and signalling centres crucial for homeostasis, development and ageing1. To meet diverse cellular demands, lysosomes remodel their morphology and function through constant fusion and fission2,3. Little is known about the molecular basis of fission. Here we identify HPO-27, a conserved HEAT repeat protein, as a lysosome scission factor in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of HPO-27 impairs lysosome fission and leads to an excessive tubular network that ultimately collapses. HPO-27 and its human homologue MROH1 are recruited to lysosomes by RAB-7 and enriched at scission sites. Super-resolution imaging, negative-staining electron microscopy and in vitro reconstitution assays reveal that HPO-27 and MROH1 self-assemble to mediate the constriction and scission of lysosomal tubules in worms and mammalian cells, respectively, and assemble to sever supported membrane tubes in vitro. Loss of HPO-27 affects lysosomal morphology, integrity and degradation activity, which impairs animal development and longevity. Thus, HPO-27 and MROH1 act as self-assembling scission factors to maintain lysosomal homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xilu Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China
| | - Yanwei Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Amin Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbing Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yubing Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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36
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Ke PY. Regulation of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion by Human Viral Infections. Pathogens 2024; 13:266. [PMID: 38535609 PMCID: PMC10974352 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating intracellular components via lysosomes. Successful degradation through autophagy relies on the fusion of autophagosomes to lysosomes, which leads to the formation of autolysosomes containing acidic proteases that degrade the sequestered materials. Viral infections can exploit autophagy in infected cells to balance virus-host cell interactions by degrading the invading virus or promoting viral growth. In recent years, cumulative studies have indicated that viral infections may interfere with the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes, thus benefiting viral replication and associated pathogenesis. In this review, I provide an overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanism by which human viral infections deregulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion and summarize the physiological significance in the virus life cycle and host cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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37
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Ke PY. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2024; 13:500. [PMID: 38534345 PMCID: PMC10968809 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, targeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy represents a catabolic process that evolutionarily regulates cellular homeostasis. The successful completion of autophagy initiates the engulfment of cytoplasmic materials within double-membrane autophagosomes and subsequent delivery to autolysosomes for degradation by acidic proteases. The formation of autolysosomes relies on the precise fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. In recent decades, numerous studies have provided insights into the molecular regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In this review, an overview of the molecules that function in the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes is provided. Moreover, the molecular mechanism underlying how these functional molecules regulate autophagosome-lysosome fusion is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5115); Fax: +886-3-211-8700
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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38
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Ni D, Lei C, Liu M, Peng J, Yi G, Mo Z. Cell death in atherosclerosis. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:495-518. [PMID: 38678316 PMCID: PMC11135874 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2344943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A complex and evolutionary process that involves the buildup of lipids in the arterial wall and the invasion of inflammatory cells results in atherosclerosis. Cell death is a fundamental biological process that is essential to the growth and dynamic equilibrium of all living things. Serious cell damage can cause a number of metabolic processes to stop, cell structure to be destroyed, or other irreversible changes that result in cell death. It is important to note that studies have shown that the two types of programmed cell death, apoptosis and autophagy, influence the onset and progression of atherosclerosis by controlling these cells. This could serve as a foundation for the creation of fresh atherosclerosis prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis and necrosis, and discussed their effects on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages in the process of atherosclerosis, so as to provide reference for the next step to reveal the mechanism of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Cai Lei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Minqi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China
| | - Jinfu Peng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanghui Yi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Province Postgraduate Co-training Base for Cooperative Innovation in Basic Medicine (Guilin Medical University and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center), Yueyang, China
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40
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Dong Y, Quan C. NPFs-mediated actin cytoskeleton: a new viewpoint on autophagy regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:111. [PMID: 38347641 PMCID: PMC10860245 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a lysosome-dependent catabolic process induced by various cellular stress conditions, maintaining the homeostasis of cells, tissues and organs. Autophagy is a series of membrane-related events involving multiple autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Most studies to date have focused on various signaling pathways affecting ATG proteins to control autophagy. However, mounting evidence reveals that the actin cytoskeleton acts on autophagy-associated membranes to regulate different events of autophagy. The actin cytoskeleton assists in vesicle formation and provides the mechanical forces for cellular activities that involve membrane deformation. Although the interaction between the actin cytoskeleton and membrane makes the role of actin in autophagy recognized, how the actin cytoskeleton is recruited and assembles on membranes during autophagy needs to be detailed. Nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) activate the Arp2/3 complex to produce actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we summarize the important roles of the actin cytoskeleton in autophagy regulation and focus on the effect of NPFs on actin cytoskeleton assembly during autophagy, providing new insights into the occurrence and regulatory mechanisms of autophagy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, ChangchunJilin, 130021, China
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, ChangchunJilin, 130021, China.
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41
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Diao J, Yip CK, Zhong Q. Molecular structures and function of the autophagosome-lysosome fusion machinery. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2024; 3:2305594. [PMID: 38344192 PMCID: PMC10852212 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2024.2305594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (also known as autophagy) plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The terminal step of the multi-step autophagy degradation pathway involves fusion between the cargo-laden, double-membraned autophagosome and the lytic organelle lysosome/vacuole. Over the past decade, various core components of the molecular machinery that execute this critical terminal autophagy event have been identified. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the molecular structures, biochemical functions, and regulatory mechanisms of key components of this highly sophisticated machinery including the SNARE fusogens, tethering factors, Rab GTPases and associated guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and other accessory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Calvin K. Yip
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jian F, Wang S, Tian R, Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Wang S, Fang C, Ma C, Rong Y. The STX17-SNAP47-VAMP7/VAMP8 complex is the default SNARE complex mediating autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Cell Res 2024; 34:151-168. [PMID: 38182888 PMCID: PMC10837459 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagosome-lysosome fusion mediated by SNARE complexes is an essential step in autophagy. Two SNAP29-containing SNARE complexes have been extensively studied in starvation-induced bulk autophagy, while the relevant SNARE complexes in other types of autophagy occurring under non-starvation conditions have been overlooked. Here, we found that autophagosome-lysosome fusion in selective autophagy under non-starvation conditions does not require SNAP29-containing SNARE complexes, but requires the STX17-SNAP47-VAMP7/VAMP8 SNARE complex. Further, the STX17-SNAP47-VAMP7/VAMP8 SNARE complex also functions in starvation-induced autophagy. SNAP47 is recruited to autophagosomes following concurrent detection of ATG8s and PI(4,5)P2 via its Pleckstrin homology domain. By contrast, SNAP29-containing SNAREs are excluded from selective autophagy due to inactivation by O-GlcNAcylation under non-starvation conditions. These findings depict a previously unknown, default SNARE complex responsible for autophagosome-lysosome fusion in both selective and bulk autophagy, which could guide research and therapeutic development in autophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Jian
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chuangpeng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Fang
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yueguang Rong
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Liénard C, Pintart A, Bomont P. Neuronal Autophagy: Regulations and Implications in Health and Disease. Cells 2024; 13:103. [PMID: 38201307 PMCID: PMC10778363 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major degradative pathway that plays a key role in sustaining cell homeostasis, integrity, and physiological functions. Macroautophagy, which ensures the clearance of cytoplasmic components engulfed in a double-membrane autophagosome that fuses with lysosomes, is orchestrated by a complex cascade of events. Autophagy has a particularly strong impact on the nervous system, and mutations in core components cause numerous neurological diseases. We first review the regulation of autophagy, from autophagosome biogenesis to lysosomal degradation and associated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders. We then describe how this process is specifically regulated in the axon and in the somatodendritic compartment and how it is altered in diseases. In particular, we present the neuronal specificities of autophagy, with the spatial control of autophagosome biogenesis, the close relationship of maturation with axonal transport, and the regulation by synaptic activity. Finally, we discuss the physiological functions of autophagy in the nervous system, during development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Liénard
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
- CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pintart
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Pascale Bomont
- NeuroMyoGene Institute—PGNM, CNRS UMR 5261—INSERM U1315, University of Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France; (C.L.); (A.P.)
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Lewerissa EI, Nadif Kasri N, Linda K. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy-related genes: Implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Autophagy 2024; 20:15-28. [PMID: 37674294 PMCID: PMC10761153 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2250217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily highly conserved catabolic process that is important for the clearance of cytosolic contents to maintain cellular homeostasis and survival. Recent findings point toward a critical role for autophagy in brain function, not only by preserving neuronal health, but especially by controlling different aspects of neuronal development and functioning. In line with this, mutations in autophagy-related genes are linked to various key characteristics and symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism, micro-/macrocephaly, and epilepsy. However, the group of NDDs caused by mutations in autophagy-related genes is relatively small. A significant proportion of NDDs are associated with mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulatory proteins that modulate gene expression, so-called chromatinopathies. Intriguingly, several of the NDD-linked chromatinopathy genes have been shown to regulate autophagy-related genes, albeit in non-neuronal contexts. From these studies it becomes evident that tight transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes is crucial to control autophagic activity. This opens the exciting possibility that aberrant autophagic regulation might underly nervous system impairments in NDDs with disturbed epigenetic regulation. We here summarize NDD-related chromatinopathy genes that are known to regulate transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes. Thereby, we want to highlight autophagy as a candidate key hub mechanism in NDD-related chromatinopathies.Abbreviations: ADNP: activity dependent neuroprotector homeobox; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; ATG: AutTophaGy related; CpG: cytosine-guanine dinucleotide; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; EHMT: euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit; H3K4me3: histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation; H3K9me1/2/3: histone 3 lysine 9 mono-, di-, or trimethylation; H3K27me2/3: histone 3 lysine 27 di-, or trimethylation; hiPSCs: human induced pluripotent stem cells; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; ID: intellectual disability; KANSL1: KAT8 regulatory NSL complex subunit 1; KAT8: lysine acetyltransferase 8; KDM1A/LSD1: lysine demethylase 1A; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NDD: neurodevelopmental disorder; PHF8: PHD finger protein 8; PHF8-XLID: PHF8-X linked intellectual disability syndrome; PTM: post-translational modification; SESN2: sestrin 2; YY1: YY1 transcription factor; YY1AP1: YY1 associated protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly I. Lewerissa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin Linda
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Flemish Brabant, Belgium
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45
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Rogov VV, Nezis IP, Tsapras P, Zhang H, Dagdas Y, Noda NN, Nakatogawa H, Wirth M, Mouilleron S, McEwan DG, Behrends C, Deretic V, Elazar Z, Tooze SA, Dikic I, Lamark T, Johansen T. Atg8 family proteins, LIR/AIM motifs and other interaction modes. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:27694127.2023.2188523. [PMID: 38214012 PMCID: PMC7615515 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2188523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The Atg8 family of ubiquitin-like proteins play pivotal roles in autophagy and other processes involving vesicle fusion and transport where the lysosome/vacuole is the end station. Nuclear roles of Atg8 proteins are also emerging. Here, we review the structural and functional features of Atg8 family proteins and their protein-protein interaction modes in model organisms such as yeast, Arabidopsis, C. elegans and Drosophila to humans. Although varying in number of homologs, from one in yeast to seven in humans, and more than ten in some plants, there is a strong evolutionary conservation of structural features and interaction modes. The most prominent interaction mode is between the LC3 interacting region (LIR), also called Atg8 interacting motif (AIM), binding to the LIR docking site (LDS) in Atg8 homologs. There are variants of these motifs like "half-LIRs" and helical LIRs. We discuss details of the binding modes and how selectivity is achieved as well as the role of multivalent LIR-LDS interactions in selective autophagy. A number of LIR-LDS interactions are known to be regulated by phosphorylation. New methods to predict LIR motifs in proteins have emerged that will aid in discovery and analyses. There are also other interaction surfaces than the LDS becoming known where we presently lack detailed structural information, like the N-terminal arm region and the UIM-docking site (UDS). More interaction modes are likely to be discovered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Rogov
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt, am Main, and Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | | | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China and College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yasin Dagdas
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nobuo N. Noda
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nakatogawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Martina Wirth
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Stephane Mouilleron
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Trond Lamark
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Johansen
- Autophagy Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Hu L, Gao D, Lv H, Lian L, Wang M, Wang Y, Xie Y, Zhang J. Finding New Targets for the Treatment of Heart Failure: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:1349-1356. [PMID: 37432587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a progressive disease with an annual mortality rate of about 10% and is the end-stage stage of various heart diseases, which places a huge socioeconomic burden on the healthcare system. The development of heart failure has received increasing attention as a potential way to improve the treatment of this disease. Many studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy play an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. With the in-depth study of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, both are considered promising targets for pharmacological interventions to treat heart failure, but the mechanism of heart failure between the two is not clear. This review will highlight the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and their interactions in the development and development of heart failure, thereby helping to provide direction for the future development of targeted therapies for patients with heart failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study explored the new targets for the treatment of heart failure: endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy. Targeted drug therapy for endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy is expected to provide a new intervention target for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Dongjie Gao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao Lv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yingyu Xie
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
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Zamanian MY, Golmohammadi M, Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Alameri AA, Al-Hassan M, Alshahrani SH, Hasan MS, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Qasim QA, Heidari M, Verma A. Targeting autophagy with tamoxifen in breast cancer: From molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:1092-1108. [PMID: 37402635 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen (TAM) is often recommended as a first-line treatment for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (BC). However, TAM resistance continues to be a medical challenge for BC with hormone receptor positivity. The function of macro-autophagy and autophagy has recently been identified to be altered in BC, which suggests a potential mechanism for TAM resistance. Autophagy is a cellular stress-induced response to preserve cellular homeostasis. Also, therapy-induced autophagy, which is typically cytoprotective and activated in tumor cells, could sometimes be non-protective, cytostatic, or cytotoxic depending on how it is regulated. OBJECTIVE This review explored the literature on the connections between hormonal therapies and autophagy. We investigated how autophagy could develop drug resistance in BC cells. METHODS Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to search articles for this study. RESULTS The results demonstrated that protein kinases such as pAMPK, BAX, and p-p70S6K could be a sign of autophagy in developing TAM resistance. According to the study's findings, autophagy plays an important role in BC patients' TAM resistance. CONCLUSION Therefore, by overcoming endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors, autophagy inhibition may improve the therapeutic efficacy of TAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yasin Zamanian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ameer A Alameri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Mohammed Sami Hasan
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Research Group in Educational Statistics, National University of Education, Azogues, Ecuador
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Mahsa Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagari, India
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Ma Q, Yu J, Liu L, Ma X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang X, Deng G, Wu X. TRAF6 triggers Mycobacterium-infected host autophagy through Rab7 ubiquitination. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:427. [PMID: 38016969 PMCID: PMC10684575 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is extensively involved in the autophagy process by interacting with diverse autophagy initiation and autophagosome maturation molecules. However, whether TRAF6 interacts with lysosomal proteins to regulate Mycobacterium-induced autophagy has not been completely characterized. Herein, the present study showed that TRAF6 interacted with lysosomal key proteins Rab7 through RING domain which caused Rab7 ubiquitination and subsequently ubiquitinated Rab7 binds to STX17 (syntaxin 17, a SNARE protein that is essential for mature autophagosome), and thus promoted the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Furthermore, TRAF6 enhanced the initiation and formation of autophagosomes in Mycobacterium-induced autophagy in both BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells, as evidenced by autophagic flux, colocalization of LC3 and BCG, autophagy rates, and autophagy-associated protein expression. Noteworthy to mention, TRAF6 deficiency exacerbated lung injury and promoted BCG survival. Taken together, these results identify novel molecular and cellular mechanisms by which TRAF6 positively regulates Mycobacterium-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinmei Ma
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Jiaxue Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China
| | - Guangcun Deng
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
- Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, NingXia, 750021, China.
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49
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Liu Q, Wang L, He D, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Dong Z, Luo Y, Song Y. Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16718. [PMID: 38069041 PMCID: PMC10706433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor disease that seriously endangers human health and lacks effective treatment methods. As part of the innate immune defense of many organisms, antimicrobial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but also can specifically kill tumor cells. The positive charge of antimicrobial peptides under neutral conditions determines their high selectivity to tumor cells. In addition, antimicrobial peptides also have unique anticancer mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, membrane destruction, and inhibition of metastasis, which highlights the low drug resistance and high specificity of antimicrobial peptides. In this review, we summarize the related studies on antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of digestive tract tumors, mainly oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. This paper describes the therapeutic advantages of antimicrobial peptides due to their unique anticancer mechanisms. The length, net charge, and secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides can be modified by design or modification to further enhance their anticancer effects. In summary, as an emerging cancer treatment drug, antimicrobial peptides need to be further studied to realize their application in gastrointestinal cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongxia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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50
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Schwertz H, Middleton EA. Autophagy and its consequences for platelet biology. Thromb Res 2023; 231:170-181. [PMID: 36058760 PMCID: PMC10286736 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, the continuous recycling of intracellular building blocks, molecules, and organelles is necessary to preserve cellular function and homeostasis. In this context, it was demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in megakaryopoiesis, the development and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells into megakaryocytes. Furthermore, in recent years, autophagic proteins were detected in platelets, anucleate cells generated by megakaryocytes, responsible for hemostasis, thrombosis, and a key cell in inflammation and host immune responses. In the last decade studies have indicated the occurrence of autophagy in platelets. Moreover, autophagy in platelets was subsequently demonstrated to be involved in platelet aggregation, adhesion, and thrombus formation. Here, we review the current knowledge about autophagy in platelets, its function, and clinical implications. However, at the advent of platelet autophagy research, additional discoveries derived from evolving work will be required to precisely define the contributions of autophagy in platelets, and to expand the ever increasing physiologic and pathologic roles these remarkable and versatile blood cells play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansjörg Schwertz
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Occupational Medicine, Billings Clinic Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Middleton
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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