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Ren Z, Xu Z, Chang X, Liu J, Xiao W. STC1 competitively binding βPIX enhances melanoma progression via YAP nuclear translocation and M2 macrophage recruitment through the YAP/CCL2/VEGFA/AKT feedback loop. Pharmacol Res 2024; 204:107218. [PMID: 38768671 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) in melanoma progression, with a focus on its impact on metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Systematic bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential influence of STC1 dysregulation on prognosis, immune cell infiltration, response to immune therapy, and cellular functions. In vitro assays were conducted to assess the proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis capabilities of A375 cells. In vivo experiments utilizing C57BL/6 J mice established a lung metastasis model using B16-F10 cells to evaluate macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization. A Transwell co-culture system was employed to explore the crosstalk between melanoma and macrophages. Molecular interactions among STC1, YAP, βPIX, and CCL2 are investigated using mass spectrometry, Co-Immunoprecipitation, Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation experiments. STC1 was found to enhance lung metastasis by promoting the recruitment and polarization of M2 macrophages, thereby fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Mechanistically, STC1 competes with YAP for binding to βPIX within the KER domain in melanoma cells, leading to YAP activation and subsequent CCL2 upregulation. CCL2-induced M2 macrophages secrete VEGFA, which enhances tumor vascularization and increases STC1 expression via the AKT signaling pathway in melanoma cells, establishing a pro-metastatic feedback loop. Notably, STC1-induced YAP activation increases PD-L1 expression, promoting immune evasion. Silencing STC1 enhances the efficacy of PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy in mice. This research elucidates STC1's role in melanoma metastasis and its complex interactions with tumor-associated macrophages, proposing STC1 as a potential therapeutic target for countering melanoma metastasis and augmenting the efficacy of PD-1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhou Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xiyue Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Wan'an Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
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2
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Hu Y, Zang W, Feng Y, Mao Q, Chen J, Zhu Y, Xue W. mir-605-3p prevents liver premetastatic niche formation by inhibiting angiogenesis via decreasing exosomal nos3 release in gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:184. [PMID: 38802855 PMCID: PMC11131241 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-induced pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) play a decisive role in promoting metastasis by facilitating angiogenesis in distant sites. Evidence accumulates suggesting that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert significant influence on angiogenesis during PMN formation, yet their specific roles and regulatory mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain underexplored. METHODS miR-605-3p was identified through miRNA-seq and validated by qRT-PCR. Its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis was analyzed in GC. Functional assays were performed to examine angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The related molecular mechanisms were elucidated using RNA-seq, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, luciferase reporter assays and bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS miR-605-3p was screened as a candidate miRNA that may regulate angiogenesis in GC. Low expression of miR-605-3p is associated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in GC. miR-605-3p-mediated GC-secreted exosomes regulate angiogenesis by regulating exosomal nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) derived from GC cells. Mechanistically, miR-605-3p reduced the secretion of exosomes by inhibiting vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) expression and affects the transport of multivesicular bodies to the GC cell membrane. At the same time, miR-605-3p reduces NOS3 levels in exosomes by inhibiting the expression of intracellular NOS3. Upon uptake of GC cell-derived exosomal NOS3, human umbilical vein endothelial cells exhibited increased nitric oxide levels, which induced angiogenesis, established liver PMN and ultimately promoted the occurrence of liver metastasis. Furthermore, a high level of plasma exosomal NOS3 was clinically associated with metastasis in GC patients. CONCLUSIONS miR-605-3p may play a pivotal role in regulating VAMP3-mediated secretion of exosomal NOS3, thereby affecting the formation of GC PMN and thus inhibiting GC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Weijie Zang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Qinsheng Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yizhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Wanjiang Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Street, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Nantong, 226001, China.
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3
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Abbey CA, Duran CL, Chen Z, Chen Y, Roy S, Coffell A, Sveeggen TM, Chakraborty S, Wells GB, Chang J, Bayless KJ. Identification of New Markers of Angiogenic Sprouting Using Transcriptomics: New Role for RND3. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e145-e167. [PMID: 38482696 PMCID: PMC11043006 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New blood vessel formation requires endothelial cells to transition from a quiescent to an invasive phenotype. Transcriptional changes are vital for this switch, but a comprehensive genome-wide approach focused exclusively on endothelial cell sprout initiation has not been reported. METHODS Using a model of human endothelial cell sprout initiation, we developed a protocol to physically separate cells that initiate the process of new blood vessel formation (invading cells) from noninvading cells. We used this model to perform multiple transcriptomics analyses from independent donors to monitor endothelial gene expression changes. RESULTS Single-cell population analyses, single-cell cluster analyses, and bulk RNA sequencing revealed common transcriptomic changes associated with invading cells. We also found that collagenase digestion used to isolate single cells upregulated the Fos proto-oncogene transcription factor. Exclusion of Fos proto-oncogene expressing cells revealed a gene signature consistent with activation of signal transduction, morphogenesis, and immune responses. Many of the genes were previously shown to regulate angiogenesis and included multiple tip cell markers. Upregulation of SNAI1 (snail family transcriptional repressor 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin synthase 2), and JUNB (JunB proto-oncogene) protein expression was confirmed in invading cells, and silencing JunB and SNAI1 significantly reduced invasion responses. Separate studies investigated rounding 3, also known as RhoE, which has not yet been implicated in angiogenesis. Silencing rounding 3 reduced endothelial invasion distance as well as filopodia length, fitting with a pathfinding role for rounding 3 via regulation of filopodial extensions. Analysis of in vivo retinal angiogenesis in Rnd3 heterozygous mice confirmed a decrease in filopodial length compared with wild-type littermates. CONCLUSIONS Validation of multiple genes, including rounding 3, revealed a functional role for this gene signature early in the angiogenic process. This study expands the list of genes associated with the acquisition of a tip cell phenotype during endothelial cell sprout initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette A. Abbey
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Zhishi Chen
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Yanping Chen
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Sukanya Roy
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
| | - Ashley Coffell
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Timothy M. Sveeggen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
| | - Gregg B. Wells
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Jiang Chang
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Texas A&M Health, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan TX
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX
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Miao H, Wu Y, Ouyang H, Zhang P, Zheng W, Ma X. Screening and construction of nanobodies against human CD93 using phage libraries and study of their antiangiogenic effects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1372245. [PMID: 38751868 PMCID: PMC11094214 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1372245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cluster of Differentiation 93 (CD93) plays an important role in angiogenesis and is considered an important target for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, but there are currently no therapeutic antibodies against CD93 in the clinic. Thus, we describe the screening of novel nanobodies (Nbs) targeting human CD93 from a phage library of shark-derived Nbs. Methods Screening and enrichment of phage libraries by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti-CD93 Nbs were purified by expression in E. coli. The binding affinity of anti-CD93 Nbs NC81/NC89 for CD93 was examined by flow cytometry (FC) and ELISA. The thermal stability of NC81/NC89 was examined by ELISA and CD spectroscopy. Afterward, the anti-angiogenic ability of NC81/NC89 was examined by MTT, wound healing assay, and tube formation assay. The expression level of VE-cadherin (VE-Ca) and CD93 was detected by Western Blot (WB). The binding sites and binding forms of NC81/NC89 to CD93 were analyzed by molecular docking. Results The anti-CD93 Nbs were screened in a phage library, expressed in E. coli, and purified to >95% purity. The results of FC and ELISA showed that NC81/NC89 have binding ability to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results of ELISA and CD spectroscopy showed that NC81/NC89 retained the ability to bind CD93 at 80°C and that the secondary structure remained stable. In vitro, the results showed that NC81 and NC89 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as tube formation on Matrigel. Western Blot showed that NC81 and NC89 also inhibited the expression of VE-Ca thereby increasing vascular permeability. It was found during molecular docking that the CDR regions of NC81 and NC89 could be attached to CD93 by strong hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, and the binding sites were different. Conclusion We have successfully isolated NC81 and NC89, which bind CD93, and both Nbs significantly inhibit angiogenesis and increase vascular permeability. These results suggest that NC81 and NC89 have potential clinical applications in angiogenesis-related therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- Department of Hepatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Żak K, Satora M, Skrabalak I, Tarkowski R, Ostrowska-Leśko M, Bobiński M. The Potential Influence of Residual or Recurrent Disease on Bevacizumab Treatment Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1063. [PMID: 38473419 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
There were high hopes for the new antiangiogenic medicament, bevacizumab, which could inhibit the creation of new blood vessels through binding to isoform A of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, it is not only blood vessels that are responsible for tumor cell spread. During the process of tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis is mediated by other members of the VEGF family, specifically VEGF-C and VEGF-D, which act independent to bevacizumab. Therefore, based on the mechanism of bevacizumab action and the processes of angio- and lymphangiogenesis, we formed three hypotheses: (1) if the lymph nodes in primary ovarian cancers are metastatic, the outcome of bevacizumab treatment is worsened; (2) concerning the second-line treatment, bevacizumab will act in a weakened manner if recurrence occurs in lymph nodes as opposed to a local recurrence; (3) patients treated by bevacizumab are more likely to have recurrences in lymph nodes. These hypotheses raise the issue of the existing knowledge gap, which concerns the effect of bevacizumab on metastatic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Żak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Satora
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Student Scientific Association, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Skrabalak
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Tarkowski
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska-Leśko
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Bobiński
- I Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Shaw P, Dwivedi SKD, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P, Rao G. VEGF signaling: Role in angiogenesis and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189079. [PMID: 38280470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tissue development, repair, and tumor survival. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key driver secreted by cancer cells, promoting neovascularization. While VEGF's role in angiogenesis is well-documented, its influence on the other aspects in tumor microenvironemt is less discussed. This review elaborates on VEGF's impact on intercellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment, including how VEGF affects pericyte proliferation and migration and mediates interactions between tumor-associated macrophages and cancer cells, resulting in PDL-1-mediated immunosuppression and Nrf2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The review discusses VEGF's involvement in intra-organelle crosstalk, tumor metabolism, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. It also provides insights into current anti-VEGF therapies and their limitations in cancer treatment. Overall, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current state of knowledge concerning VEGF signaling and its impact, not only on angiogenesis but also on various other oncogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Shaw
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Geeta Rao
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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7
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Arnhold J. Inflammation-Associated Cytotoxic Agents in Tumorigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:81. [PMID: 38201509 PMCID: PMC10778456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory processes are related to all stages of tumorigenesis. As inflammation is closely associated with the activation and release of different cytotoxic agents, the interplay between cytotoxic agents and antagonizing principles is highlighted in this review to address the question of how tumor cells overcome the enhanced values of cytotoxic agents in tumors. In tumor cells, the enhanced formation of mitochondrial-derived reactive species and elevated values of iron ions and free heme are antagonized by an overexpression of enzymes and proteins, contributing to the antioxidative defense and maintenance of redox homeostasis. Through these mechanisms, tumor cells can even survive additional stress caused by radio- and chemotherapy. Through the secretion of active agents from tumor cells, immune cells are suppressed in the tumor microenvironment and an enhanced formation of extracellular matrix components is induced. Different oxidant- and protease-based cytotoxic agents are involved in tumor-mediated immunosuppression, tumor growth, tumor cell invasion, and metastasis. Considering the special metabolic conditions in tumors, the main focus here was directed on the disturbed balance between the cytotoxic agents and protective mechanisms in late-stage tumors. This knowledge is mandatory for the implementation of novel anti-cancerous therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Liguori L, Luciano A, Polcaro G, Ottaiano A, Cascella M, Perri F, Pepe S, Sabbatino F. Prior Anti-Angiogenic TKI-Based Treatment as Potential Predisposing Factor to Nivolumab-Mediated Recurrent Thyroid Disorder Adverse Events in mRCC Patients: A Case Series. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2974. [PMID: 38001973 PMCID: PMC10669217 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand 1 (PD-L1) have revolutionized the management of many types of solid tumors, including metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Both sequential and combinatorial therapeutic strategies utilizing anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have demonstrated to improve the survival of patients with mRCC as compared to standard therapies. On the other hand, both ICIs and TKIs are well known to potentially cause thyroid disorder adverse events (TDAEs). However, in the context of sequential therapeutic strategy, it is not clear whether prior anti-angiogenic TKI may increase the risk and/or the severity of ICI-related TDAEs. In this work, by describing and analyzing a case series of mRCC patients treated sequentially with prior TKIs and then with ICIs, we investigated the role of prior anti-angiogenic TKI-based treatment as a potential predisposing factor to anti-PD-1-mediated recurrent TDAEs, as well as its potential impact on the clinical characteristics of nivolumab-mediated recurrent TDAEs. Fifty mRCC patients were included in the analysis. TKI-mediated TDAEs were reported in ten out of fifty patients. TKI-mediated TDAEs were characterized by hypothyroidism in all ten patients. Specifically, 40%, 40% and 20% of patients presented grade 1, 2 and 3 hypothyroidisms, respectively. Following tumor progression and during anti-PD-1 nivolumab treatment, five out of ten patients developed anti-PD-1 nivolumab-mediated recurrent TDAEs. Anti-PD-1 nivolumab-mediated recurrent TDAEs were characterized by an early transient phase of thyrotoxicosis and a late phase of hypothyroidism in all five patients. The TDAEs were grade 1 and 2 in four and one patients, respectively. Prior anti-angiogenic TKI did not modify the clinical characteristics of nivolumab-mediated recurrent TDAEs. However, all five patients required an increased dosage of levothyroxine replacement therapy. In conclusion, our work suggests that prior anti-angiogenic TKI-based treatment significantly increases the risk of ICI-mediated recurrent TDAEs in patients with mRCC without modifying their clinical characteristics. The most relevant effect for these patients is the need to increase the dosage of lifelong levothyroxine replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Liguori
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.L.); (A.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Angelo Luciano
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (L.L.); (A.L.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Giovanna Polcaro
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- SSD Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Abdominal Oncology, INT IRCCS Foundation “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marco Cascella
- Unit of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Pain, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Medicine, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Francesco Perri
- Medical and Experimental Head and Neck Oncology Unit, INT IRCCS Foundation “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.P.); (S.P.)
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9
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Sun B, Ji WD, Wang WC, Chen L, Ma JY, Tang EJ, Lin MB, Zhang XF. Circulating tumor cells participate in the formation of microvascular invasion and impact on clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1265866. [PMID: 38028589 PMCID: PMC10652898 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1265866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Although the treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the long-term prognosis of HCC is far from satisfactory mainly due to high postoperative recurrence and metastasis rate. Vascular tumor thrombus, including microvascular invasion (MVI) and portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), affects the outcome of hepatectomy and liver transplantation. If vascular invasion could be found preoperatively, especially the risk of MVI, more reasonable surgical selection will be chosen to reduce the risk of postoperative recurrence and metastasis. However, there is a lack of reliable prediction methods, and the formation mechanism of MVI/PVTT is still unclear. At present, there is no study to explore the possibility of tumor thrombus formation from a single circulating tumor cell (CTC) of HCC, nor any related study to describe the possible leading role and molecular mechanism of HCC CTCs as an important component of MVI/PVTT. In this study, we review the current understanding of MVI and possible mechanisms, discuss the function of CTCs in the formation of MVI and interaction with immune cells in the circulation. In conclusion, we discuss implications for potential therapeutic targets and the prospect of clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Dan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital and National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Chao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yong Ma
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Er-Jiang Tang
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Bin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Choi Y, Jung K. Normalization of the tumor microenvironment by harnessing vascular and immune modulation to achieve enhanced cancer therapy. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2308-2319. [PMID: 37907742 PMCID: PMC10689787 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01114-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex entities that actively shape their microenvironment to create a supportive environment for their own growth. Angiogenesis and immune suppression are two key characteristics of this tumor microenvironment. Despite attempts to deplete tumor blood vessels using antiangiogenic drugs, extensive vessel pruning has shown limited efficacy. Instead, a targeted approach involving the judicious use of drugs at specific time points can normalize the function and structure of tumor vessels, leading to improved outcomes when combined with other anticancer therapies. Additionally, normalizing the immune microenvironment by suppressing immunosuppressive cells and activating immunostimulatory cells has shown promise in suppressing tumor growth and improving overall survival. Based on these findings, many studies have been conducted to normalize each component of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the development of a variety of strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the concepts of vascular and immune normalization and discuss some of the strategies employed to achieve these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keehoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Baral B, Panigrahi B, Kar A, Tulsiyan KD, Suryakant U, Mandal D, Subudhi U. Peptide nanostructures-based delivery of DNA nanomaterial therapeutics for regulating gene expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:493-510. [PMID: 37583574 PMCID: PMC10424151 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled branched DNA (bDNA) nanomaterials have exhibited their functionality in various biomedical and diagnostic applications. However, the anionic cellular membrane has restricted the movement of bDNA nanostructures. Recently, amphiphilic peptides have been investigated as cationic delivery agents for nucleic acids. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for delivering functional bDNA nanomaterials into mammalian cells using self-assembled linear peptides. In this study, antisense oligonucleotides of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were inserted in the overhangs of bDNAs. Novel linear peptides have been synthesized and the peptide-bound bDNA complex formation was examined using various biophysical experiments. Interestingly, the W4R4-bound bDNAs were found to be exceptionally stable against DNase I compared to other complexes. The delivery of fluorescent-labeled bDNAs into the mammalian cells confirmed the potential of peptide transporters. Furthermore, the functional efficacy of the peptide-bound bDNAs has been examined through RT-PCR and western blot analysis. The observed results revealed that W4R4 peptides exhibited excellent internalization of antisense bDNAs and significantly suppressed (3- to 4-fold) the transcripts and translated product of VEGF compared to the control. In summary, the results highlight the potential use of peptide-based nanocarrier for delivering bDNA nanostructures to regulate the gene expression in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineeth Baral
- DNA Nanotechnology & Application Laboratory, Environment & Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bijayananda Panigrahi
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
- Biopioneer Private Limited, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Avishek Kar
- DNA Nanotechnology & Application Laboratory, Environment & Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kiran D. Tulsiyan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education & Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Uday Suryakant
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Dindyal Mandal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Umakanta Subudhi
- DNA Nanotechnology & Application Laboratory, Environment & Sustainability Department, CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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12
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Tan DX, Huang G, de Almeida Chuffa LG, Anderson G. Melatonin modulates tumor metabolism and mitigates metastasis. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18:321-336. [PMID: 37466337 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2023.2237103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin, originally isolated from the mammalian pineal gland, was subsequently identified in many animal cell types and in plants. While melatonin was discovered to inhibit cancer more than 5 decades ago, its anti-cancer potential has not been fully exploited despite its lack of serious toxicity over a very wide dose range, high safety margin, and its efficacy. AREAS COVERED This review elucidates the potential mechanisms by which melatonin interferes with tumor growth and metastasis, including its ability to alter tumor cell metabolism, inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reverse cancer chemoresistance, function synergistically with conventional cancer-inhibiting drugs while limiting many of their side effects. In contrast to its function as a potent antioxidant in normal cells, it may induce oxidative stress in cancer cells, contributing to its oncostatic actions. EXPERT OPINION Considering the large amount of experimental data supporting melatonin's multiple and varied inhibitory effects on numerous cancer types, coupled with the virtual lack of toxicity of this molecule, it has not been thoroughly tested as an anti-cancer agent in clinical trials. There seems to be significant resistance to such investigations, possibly because melatonin is inexpensive and non-patentable, and as a result there would be limited financial gain for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Wang F, Xia T, Li Z, Gao X, Fang X. Current status of clinical trial research and application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1213297. [PMID: 37727216 PMCID: PMC10505960 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1213297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a hot topic in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with remarkable success. Compared to chemotherapy patients, the 5-year survival rate for immunotherapy patients is 3-fold higher, approximately 4%-5% versus 15%-16%, respectively. Immunotherapies include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, tumor vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and so forth. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors are in the spotlight. Common immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) currently in clinical use include programmed death receptor-1(PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4). This article focuses on monotherapy and combination therapy of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. In particular, the combination therapy of ICIs includes the combination of ICIs and chemotherapy, the combination therapy of dual ICIs, the combination of ICIs and anti-angiogenic drugs, the combination of ICIs and radiotherapy, and the combination of ICIs inhibitors and tumor vaccines and so forth. This article focuses on the combination therapy of ICIs with chemotherapy, the combination therapy of dual ICIs, and the combination therapy of ICIs with anti-angiogenic drugs. The efficacy and safety of ICIs as single agents in NSCLC have been demonstrated in many trials. However, ICIs plus chemotherapy regimens offer significant advantages in the treatment of NSCLC with little to no dramatic increase in toxicity, while combined dual ICIs significantly reduce the adverse effects (AEs) of chemotherapy. ICIs plus anti-angiogenic agents regimen improves anti-tumor activity and safety and is expected to be the new paradigm for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Despite some limitations, these agents have achieved better overall survival rates. In this article, we review the current status and progress of research on ICIs in NSCLC in recent years, aiming to better guide the individualized treatment of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Wang
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Clinical College Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Oncology, Gaochun Hospital Afliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Xia
- Department of Oncology, Gaochun Hospital Afliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Clinical College Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuzhu Gao
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Clinical College Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Oncology, Gaochun Hospital Afliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinjian Fang
- Department of Oncology, Lianyungang Clinical College Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Oncology, Gaochun Hospital Afliated to Jiangsu University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Wang Y, Wei Y, Chen L, Yang Y, Jia F, Yu W, Zhou S, Yu S. Research progress of siVEGF complex and their application in antiangiogenic therapy. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123251. [PMID: 37481098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important factor in the development of some diseases such as tumors, ocular neovascular disease and endometriosis. Inhibition of abnormal VEGF expression is one of the most effective means of treating these diseases. The resistance and side effects of currently used VEGF drugs limit their application. Herein, small interfering RNA for VEGF (siVEGF) are developed to inhibit VEGF expression at the genetic level by means of RNA interference. However, as a foreign substance entering the organism, siVEGF is prone to induce an immune response or mismatch, which adversely affects the organism. It is also subjected to enzymatic degradation and cell membrane blockage, which greatly reduces its therapeutic effect. Targeted siVEGF complexes are constructed by nanocarriers to avoid their clearance by the body and precisely target cells, exerting anti-vascular effects for the treatment of relevant diseases. In addition, some multifunctional complexes allow for the combination of siVEGF with other therapeutic tools to improve the treat efficiency of the disease. Therefore, this review describes the construction of the siVEGF complex, its mechanism of action, application in anti-blood therapy, and provides an outlook on its current problems and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yingying Wei
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yongzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Weiran Yu
- The Affiliated High School of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shizhao Zhou
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Yu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030013, China.
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15
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Fan R, Wei JC, Xu BB, Jin N, Gong XY, Qin XY. A novel chiral oxazoline copper(II)-based complex inhibits ovarian cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by regulating VEGF/VEGFR2 downstream signaling pathways and apoptosis factors. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11427-11440. [PMID: 37539728 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel chiral oxazoline copper(II)-based complex {[Cu(C13H14NO3S)2]}2 (Cu-A) was synthesized by an in situ reaction using L-methioninol, 4-hydroxyisophthalaldehyde, sodium hydroxide and copper(II) nitrate trihydrate as reactants. Its crystal structure was characterized. In vitro, Cu-A was superior to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (DDP) in cytotoxicity and angiogenesis inhibition. Cu-A significantly induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), showing significant anti-ovarian cancer and anti-angiogenesis effects. Notably, Cu-A significantly inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer in nude mice xenografted with SKOV3 cells, and it is less renal toxic than DDP. The molecular mechanism of anti-ovarian cancer and anti-angiogenesis is possibly that it down-regulates the expression of the proteins ERK1/2, AKT, FAK, and VEGFR2 and their phosphorylated proteins p-ERK1/2, p-AKT, p-FAK, and p-VEGFR2 in the VEGF/VEGFR2 signal transduction pathway to inhibit SKOV3 cell and HUVEC proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress migration and metastasis, and inhibit angiogenesis. What's more, Cu-A significantly inhibits ovarian tumor growth in vivo by inhibiting tumor cells from inducing vascular endothelial cells to form their own vasculature and by inhibiting the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulating the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Caspase-9 and Bax to induce apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Jing-Chen Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Bing-Bing Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Nan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Xiao-Yi Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Xiu-Ying Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin, 541004, China.
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16
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Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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17
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Li Z, Lu T, Chen Z, Yu X, Wang L, Shen G, Huang H, Li Z, Ren Y, Guo W, Hu Y. HOXA11 promotes lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer via transcriptional activation of TGFβ1. iScience 2023; 26:107346. [PMID: 37539033 PMCID: PMC10393827 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most gastric cancer (GC) patients with early stage often have no lymph node (LN) metastases, while LN metastases appear in the advanced stage. However, there are some patients who present with early stage LN metastases and no LN metastases in the advanced stage. To explore the deeper molecular mechanisms involved, we collected clinical samples from early and advanced stage GC with and without LN metastases, as well as metastatic lymph nodes. Herein, we identified a key target, HOXA11, that was upregulated in GC tissues and closely associated with lymphatic metastases. HOXA11 transcriptionally regulates TGFβ1 expression and activates the TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway, which not only promotes EMT development but also induces VEGF-C secretion and lymphangiogenesis. These findings provide a plausible mechanism for HOXA11-modulated tumor in lymphatic metastasis and suggest that HOXA11 may represent a potential therapeutic target for clinical intervention in LN-metastatic gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Tailiang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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Li J, Han T. Comprehensive analysis of the oncogenic roles of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in stomach adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17687. [PMID: 37449140 PMCID: PMC10336736 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play complicated oncogenic roles in multiple tumors by initiating and promoting tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The main goal of our study was to comprehensively investigate the oncogenic roles of VEGFs and VEGFRs in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Methods The present study applied multiple bioinformatic tools to comprehensively explore the expression levels, prognostic values, genetic alterations and immune infiltrations of VEGFs and VEGFRs in STAD patients. Results We found that VEGFA, VEGFC, placenta growth factor, FLT1, KDR, FLT4, and Neuropilin 1 were overexpressed in STAD, while the expression of VEGFB and VEGFD were decreased. Survival analysis revealed that higher transcription levels of VEGF/VEGFRs were obviously correlated with worse clinical outcome in STAD patients. Additionally, high alteration frequencies of VEGFs and VEGFRs (27%) were observed in STAD patients, and alterations of VEGFs and VEGFRs improved their prognosis. The expression of VEGFs and VEGFRs was remarkably associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in STAD patients. Conclusion Our study systematically explored the transcriptome profiles and distinct prognostic values of VEGFs and their receptors in STAD and contributed to a better understanding of the oncogenic roles of VEGF/VEGFR members in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Han
- Corresponding author. Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China.
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19
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Zárate LV, Miret NV, Nicola Candia AJ, Zappia CD, Pontillo CA, Chiappini FA, Monczor F, Candolfi M, Randi AS. Breast cancer progression and kynurenine pathway enzymes are induced by hexachlorobenzene exposure in a Her2-positive model. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113822. [PMID: 37169060 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers among women worldwide. Given the evidence that pesticides play an important role in breast cancer, interest has grown in pesticide impact on disease progression. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, promotes triple-negative breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) inhibits cancer motility, while G protein-coupled ER (GPER) modulates the neoplastic transformation. Tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), with kynurenine signaling activation often predicting worse prognosis in cancer. In this context, we examined the HCB (0.005; 0.05; 0.5 and 5 μM) effect on LM3 cells, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer model. Results show that HCB increases IDO and TDO mRNA levels and promotes cell viability, proliferation and migration through the AhR pathway. Moreover, HCB boosts mammosphere formation, vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and reduces IL-10 levels. For some parameters, U-shaped or inverted U-shaped dose-response curves are shown. HCB alters ER levels, reducing ERβ while increasing GPER. These results demonstrate that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of HCB up-regulates the kynurenine pathway and dysregulates ERβ and GPER levels, collaborating in HER2-positive breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena V Zárate
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminants Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, Piso 5, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Noelia V Miret
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminants Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, Piso 5, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Físico-Matemática, Laboratorio de Radioisótopos, Junín 954, 1er Subsuelo, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Antitumoral, Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - C Daniel Zappia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (UBA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Farmacología de Receptors, Junín 954, Planta Baja, (CP1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carolina A Pontillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminants Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, Piso 5, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florencia A Chiappini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminants Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, Piso 5, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Federico Monczor
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (UBA-CONICET), Laboratorio de Farmacología de Receptors, Junín 954, Planta Baja, (CP1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Laboratorio de Inmunoterapia Antitumoral, Paraguay 2155, Piso 10, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea S Randi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Laboratorio de Efectos Biológicos de Contaminants Ambientales, Paraguay 2155, Piso 5, (CP 1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chen L, Xie X, Wang T, Xu L, Zhai Z, Wu H, Deng L, Lu Q, Chen Z, Yang X, Lu H, Chen YG, Luo S. ARL13B promotes angiogenesis and glioma growth by activating VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:871-885. [PMID: 36322624 PMCID: PMC10158193 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor angiogenesis is essential for solid tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to identify potential signaling pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis. METHODS Genetically engineered mouse models were used to investigate the effects of endothelial ARL13B(ADP-ribosylation factor-like GTPase 13B) over-expression and deficiency on retinal and cerebral vasculature. An intracranially transplanted glioma model and a subcutaneously implanted melanoma model were employed to examine the effects of ARL13B on tumor growth and angiogenesis. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure ARL13B in glioma tissues, and scRNA-seq was used to analyze glioma and endothelial ARL13B expression. GST-fusion protein-protein interaction and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to determine the ARL13B-VEGFR2 interaction. Immunobloting, qPCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay and functional experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of ARL13B on VEGFR2 activation. RESULTS Endothelial ARL13B regulated vascular development of both the retina and brain in mice. Also, ARL13B in endothelial cells regulated the growth of intracranially transplanted glioma cells and subcutaneously implanted melanoma cells by controlling tumor angiogenesis. Interestingly, this effect was attributed to ARL13B interaction with VEGFR2, through which ARL13B regulated the membrane and ciliary localization of VEGFR2 and consequently activated its downstream signaling in endothelial cells. Consistent with its oncogenic role, ARL13B was highly expressed in human gliomas, which was well correlated with the poor prognosis of glioma patients. Remarkably, ARL13B, transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1, enhanced the expression of VEGFA by activating Hedgehog signaling in glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS ARL13B promotes angiogenesis and tumor growth by activating VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling. Thus, targeting ARL13B might serve as a potential approach for developing an anti-glioma or anti-melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Chen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinsheng Xie
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Libin Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Situmorang PC, Simanullang RH, Abdi Syahputra R, Hutahaean MM, Sembiring H, Nisfa L, Sari ER. Histological analysis of TGFβ1 and VEGFR expression in cervical carcinoma treated with Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e96811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common malignant carcinomas around the world, including Indonesia. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an herbal medicine that is often used in Asia as a therapeutic agent to stop cancer metastases. The process of neoangiogenesis in cervical cancer depends on VEGFR activity. Increased TGFβ1 production is also linked to cervical cancer, suggesting that gene inactivation contributes to the emergence of cervical carcinoma.
Group C- was the control group, Group C+ was the cancer model group, CER100 was the group of rats with cancer + 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of R. tomentosa, CER200 was the group of rats with cancer + 200 mg/kg BW of R. tomentosa, and CER400 was the group of rats with cancer + 400 mg/kg BWR. tomentosa. Rats were dissected after administration of R. tomentosa for 30 days. Immunohistochemical staining of the cervical tissue was performed with TGFβ1 and VEGFR antibodies. VEGFR expression was significantly different from TGFβ1 expression (p < 0.01). The highest expression was observed at the lowest dose of R. tomentosa (100 mg/kg BW), and the lowest expression was observed at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW. The administration of R. tomentosa can repair tissue damage and decrease the expression of TGFβ1 and VEGFR via histopathological parameters, indicating the importance of the activity of these proteins in the development of neoangiogenesis in cervical cancer.
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Bhardwaj V, Zhang X, Pandey V, Garg M. Neo-vascularization-based therapeutic perspectives in advanced ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188888. [PMID: 37001618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The process of angiogenesis is well described for its potential role in the development of normal ovaries, and physiological functions as well as in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of ovarian cancer (OC). In advanced stages of OC, cancer cells spread outside the ovary to the pelvic, abdomen, lung, or multiple secondary sites. This seriously limits the efficacy of therapeutic options contributing to fatal clinical outcomes. Notably, a variety of angiogenic effectors are produced by the tumor cells to initiate angiogenic processes leading to the development of new blood vessels, which provide essential resources for tumor survival, dissemination, and dormant micro-metastasis of tumor cells. Multiple proangiogenic effectors and their signaling axis have been discovered and functionally characterized for potential clinical utility in OC. In this review, we have provided the current updates on classical and emerging proangiogenic effectors, their signaling axis, and the immune microenvironment contributing to the pathogenesis of OC. Moreover, we have comprehensively reviewed and discussed the significance of the preclinical strategies, drug repurposing, and clinical trials targeting the angiogenic processes that hold promising perspectives for the better management of patients with OC.
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23
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Chen M, Qi Z, Meng X, Wang S, Zheng X, Hu M, Liu X, Song Y, Deng Y. Blockade of neutrophil recruitment to tumor sites based on sialic acid-modified nanoplatforms enhances the efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100784. [PMID: 36968653 PMCID: PMC10034569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors are designed to rejuvenate depleted or suppressed T cells in the tumor microenvironment, relying on the immune system to control and kill tumors. However, accumulating evidence indicates that tumor-infiltrating neutrophils impede the proliferation and activation of T cells and determine the resistance to checkpoint blockade and chemotherapy. In this study, sialic acid ligand-modified colchicine derivative phospholipid complexes specifically targeted tumor-associated neutrophils in the peripheral blood, blocked neutrophil accumulation in tumors, and attenuated the inhibitory effect of infiltrating neutrophils on T cells. Neutrophil blocking therapy enhanced the immunotherapy effect of the PD-L1 antibody in S180 advanced tumors and 4T1 breast cancer. Our study found that PD-L1 antibody monotherapy increased the tumor infiltration of immunosuppressive neutrophils. Combination therapy with neutrophil blocking can greatly reduce tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and increase the proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumor. The combination therapy significantly improved the survival rate of mice with advanced S180 tumors and increased the sensitivity of immune checkpoint inhibitors to 4T1 cold tumors.
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24
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Vedadi S, Azimzadeh M, Touluei AE, Rahimpour S, Shotorbani SS. The molecular and clinical significance of the Tie/angiopoietin system in leukemia. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154285. [PMID: 36669394 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis and factors affecting it are one of the most critical elements in vascular proliferation. Although they are essential in generating new vessels, their potential to generate solid tumors is accepted as a pathological condition. Leukemia can be an appropriate example of this condition. AIM This study aims to evaluate the Tie/angiopoietin system effect in Leukemia. METHODS Leukemia is a pathological condition in which the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells occurs in the bone marrow or lymphatic system. RESULTS Based on severity and speed of development, many different types of Leukemia have been discovered through years of studying. Acute lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid Leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid Leukemia (CML) are the four main types of Leukemia. CONCLUSION Leukemia's function, effects, and medication have been a great concern over the years. Angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), angiopoietin-4 (Ang4), a combination of them and their receptors and their effect on Leukemia are the main purposes discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Vedadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azimzadeh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Sina Rahimpour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Sandoghchian Shotorbani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Kassab AE. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: A review on synthetic approaches and EGFR and VEGFR inhibitory activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200424. [PMID: 36192144 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine core has received a lot of interest from the medicinal chemistry community as a promising framework for drug design and discovery. It is an isostere of the adenine ring of adenosine triphosphate, which allows it to mimic kinase active site hinge region binding contacts. This scaffold has a wide pharmacological and biological value, one of which is as an anticancer agent. Many successful anticancer medicines have been designed and synthesized using pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine as a key pharmacophore. The main synthetic routes of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as well as their recent developments as promising anticancer agents acting as endothelial growth factor receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, published in the time frame from 1999 to 2022, are summarized in this review to set the direction for the design and synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives for clinical deployment in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Laborda-Illanes A, Sánchez-Alcoholado L, Castellano-Castillo D, Boutriq S, Plaza-Andrades I, Aranega-Martín L, Peralta-Linero J, Alba E, González-González A, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Development of in vitro and in vivo tools to evaluate the antiangiogenic potential of melatonin to neutralize the angiogenic effects of VEGF and breast cancer cells: CAM assay and 3D endothelial cell spheroids. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114041. [PMID: 36423543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a molecule with different antitumor actions in breast cancer and has been described as an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite the recognition of the key role exerted by VEGF in tumor angiogenesis, limitations arise when developing models to test new antiangiogenic molecules. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop rapid, economic, high capacity and easy handling angiogenesis assays to test the antiangiogenic effects of melatonin and demonstrate its most effective dose to neutralize and interfere with the angiogenic sprouting effect induced by VEGF and MCF-7. To perform this, 3D endothelial cell (HUVEC) spheroids and a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were used. The results showed that VEGF and MCF-7 were able to stimulate the sprouting of the new vessels in 3D endothelial spheroids and the CAM assay, and that melatonin had an inhibitory effect on angiogenesis. Specifically, as the 1 mM pharmacological dose was the only effective dose able to inhibit the formation of ramifications around the alginate in the CAM assay model, this inhibition was shown to occur in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these techniques represent novel tools for the development of antiangiogenic molecules such as melatonin, with possible implications for the therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Laborda-Illanes
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Alcoholado
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Daniel Castellano-Castillo
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Soukaina Boutriq
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Isaac Plaza-Andrades
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Lucía Aranega-Martín
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Jesús Peralta-Linero
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Emilio Alba
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Department of Medicine and Pediatrics. Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
| | - Alicia González-González
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Department of Medicine and Pediatrics. Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, and Valdecilla Health Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain; Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemical and Immunology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
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Uchendu I, Zhilenkova A, Pirogova Y, Basova M, Bagmet L, Kohanovskaia I, Ngaha Y, Ikebunwa O, Sekacheva M. Cytokines as Potential Therapeutic Targets and their Role in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2552-2567. [PMID: 37916493 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128268111231024054240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The death rate from cancer is declining as a result of earlier identification and more advanced treatments. Nevertheless, a number of unfavourable adverse effects, including prolonged, long-lasting inflammation and reduced immune function, usually coexist with anti-cancer therapies and lead to a general decline in quality of life. Improvements in standardized comprehensive therapy and early identification of a variety of aggressive tumors remain the main objectives of cancer research. Tumor markers in those with cancer are tumor- associated proteins that are clinically significant. Even while several tumor markers are routinely used, they don't always provide reliable diagnostic information. Serum cytokines are promising markers of tumor stage, prognosis, and responsiveness to therapy. In fact, several cytokines are currently proposed as potential biomarkers in a variety of cancers. It has actually been proposed that the study of circulatory cytokines together with biomarkers that are particular to cancer can enhance and accelerate cancer diagnosis and prediction, particularly via blood samples that require minimal to the absence of invasion. The purpose of this review was to critically examine relevant primary research literature in order to elucidate the role and importance of a few identified serum cytokines as prospective therapeutic targets in oncological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Uchendu
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Angelina Zhilenkova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Pirogova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Basova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Bagmet
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Iana Kohanovskaia
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yvan Ngaha
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Obinna Ikebunwa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Biotechnology, First Moscow State Medical University of The Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Sekacheva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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Shi S, Ye L, Yu X, Jin K, Wu W. Focus on mast cells in the tumor microenvironment: Current knowledge and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188845. [PMID: 36476563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are crucial cells participating in both innate and adaptive immune processes that play important roles in protecting human health and in the pathophysiology of various diseases, such as allergies, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In the context of tumors, MCs are a non-negligible population of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In most tumor types, MCs accumulate in both the tumor tissue and the surrounding tissue. MCs interact with multiple components of the TME, affecting TME remodeling and the tumor cell fate. However, controversy persists regarding whether MCs contribute to tumor progression or trigger an anti-tumor immune response. This review focuses on the context of the TME to explore the specific properties and functions of MCs and discusses the crosstalk that occurs between MCs and other components of the TME, which affect tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and tumor immunity through different mechanisms. We also anticipate the potential role of MCs in cancer immunotherapy, which might expand upon the success achieved with existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Recent and Future Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapies in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247523. [PMID: 36556139 PMCID: PMC9783354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and 20% of patients with CRC present at diagnosis with metastases. The treatment of metastatic CRC is based on a fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy plus additional agents such as oxaliplatin and irinotecan. To date, on the basis of the molecular background, targeted therapies (e.g., monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor or inhibiting angiogenesis) are administered to improve the treatment of metastatic CRC. In addition, more recently, immunological agents emerged as effective in patients with a defective mismatch repair system. The administration of targeted therapies and immunotherapy lead to a significant increase in the survival of patients; however these drugs do not always prove effective. In most cases the lack of effectiveness is due to the development of primary resistance, either a resistance-inducing factor is already present before treatment or resistance is acquired when it occurs after treatment initiation. In this review we describe the most relevant targeted therapies and immunotherapies and expand on the reasons for resistance to the different approved or under development targeted drugs. Then we showed the possible mechanisms and drugs that may lead to overcoming the primary or acquired resistance in metastatic CRC.
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Ma C, Huang W, Wang H, Yao W, Liang M, Yu G, Zhou X. Oxidized LDL promotes EMS-induced angiogenesis by increasing VEGF-A expression and secretion by endometrial cells. Mol Med 2022; 28:151. [PMID: 36503493 PMCID: PMC9743733 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMS) is a "tumour-like" gynaecological disease with distant metastasis, and studies have shown that EMS can induce distant metastasis through vascular vessels, but the driving factors and their mechanism are not clear. METHODS We used an EMS animal model and gene knockout technique to explore the role of EMS-induced angiogenesis in EMS metastasis in vivo and in vitro and clarify the role and molecular mechanism of oxLDL in promoting EMS-induced angiogenesis. RESULTS We found that microvascular density (MVD) in metastasized ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrial tissue was higher than that in normal endometrial tissue, and plasma oxLDL was positively correlated with the distant metastasis of EMS. Furthermore, we clarified that oxLDL enhanced the MVD of endometrial tissue by increasing VEGF-A expression and secretion in endometrial cells. Finally, we illustrated the mechanism by which oxLDL promotes VEGF-A expression through the AKT-HIF-1α signalling pathway. CONCLUSION OxLDL is a risk factor promoting distant EMS metastasis by increasing VEGF-A expression and secretion through AKT-HIF-1α signalling. This finding may provide theoretical support and therapeutic targets for the clinical prevention and treatment of EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Ma
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Wei Huang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Reproductive Medical Center, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Wenxia Yao
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Min Liang
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Guifang Yu
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Xinke Zhou
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oncology, Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 621, Gangwan Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, 510530 China
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Kujala A, Valkonen E, Sallinen H, Tuppurainen L, Laakso H, Ylä-Herttuala E, Liimatainen T, Kujala J, Jokelainen O, Sironen R, Anttila M, Ylä-Herttuala S. AAV8-mediated sVEGFR2 and sVEGFR3 gene therapy combined with chemotherapy reduces the growth and microvasculature of human ovarian cancer and prolongs the survival in mice. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1018208. [PMID: 36569136 PMCID: PMC9773272 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1018208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are major regulators of intratumoral angiogenesis in ovarian cancer (OVCA). Overexpression of VEGFs is associated with increased tumor growth and metastatic tendency and VEGF-targeting therapies are thus considered as potential treatments for OVCA. Here, we examined the antiangiogenic and antitumoral effects on OVCA of adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8)-mediated expression of soluble VEGF receptors (sVEGFRs) sVEGFR2 and sVEGFR3 together with paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. Materials and methods Immunodeficient mice were inoculated with human OVCA cell line SKOV-3m. Development of tumors was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mice were treated with gene therapy and paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy. The study groups included (I) non-treated control group, (II) blank control vector AAV8-CMV, (III) AAV8-CMV with chemotherapy, (IV) AAV8-sVEGFR2, (V) AAV8-sVEGFR3, (VI) AAV8-sVEGFR2 and AAV8-sVEGFR3, and (VII) AAV8-sVEGFR2 and AAV8-sVEGFR3 with chemotherapy. Antiangiogenic and antitumoral effects were evaluated with immunohistochemical stainings and serial MRI. Results Reduced intratumoral angiogenesis was observed in all antiangiogenic gene therapy groups. The combined use of AAV8-sVEGFR2 and AAV8-sVEGFR3 with chemotherapy suppressed ascites fluid formation and tumor growth, thus improving the overall survival of mice. Antitumoral effect was mainly caused by AAV8-sVEGFR2 while the benefits of AAV8-sVEGFR3 and chemotherapy were less prominent. Conclusion Combined use of the AAV8-sVEGFR2 and AAV8-sVEGFR3 with chemotherapy reduces intratumoral angiogenesis and tumor growth in OVCA mouse model. Results provide preclinical proof-of-concept for the use of soluble decoy VEGFRs and especially the AAV8-sVEGFR2 in the treatment of OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Kujala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Valkonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Sallinen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,School of Medicine, Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Tuppurainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanne Laakso
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elias Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Clinical Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Kujala
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Otto Jokelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maarit Anttila
- Department of Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,School of Medicine, Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland,*Correspondence: Seppo Ylä-Herttuala,
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Yang Y, Cao Y. The impact of VEGF on cancer metastasis and systemic disease. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:251-261. [PMID: 35307547 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality and the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis remain elusive. Both blood and lymphatic vasculatures are essential structures for mediating distal metastasis. The vasculature plays multiple functions, including accelerating tumor growth, sustaining the tumor microenvironment, supplying growth and invasive signals, promoting metastasis, and causing cancer-associated systemic disease. VEGF is one of the key angiogenic factors in tumors and participates in the initial stage of tumor development, progression and metastasis. Consequently, VEGF and its receptor-mediated signaling pathways have become one of the most important therapeutic targets for treating various cancers. Today, anti-VEGF-based antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) are widely used in the clinic for treating different types of cancer in human patients. Despite nearly 20-year clinical experience with AADs, the impact of these drugs on cancer metastasis and systemic disease remains largely unknown. In this review article, we focus our discussion on tumor VEGF in cancer metastasis and systemic disease and mechanisms underlying AADs in clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Effect of glioma-derived immunoglobulin on biological function of glioma cells. Eur J Cancer 2022; 175:86-98. [PMID: 36096041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma is the most common and most invasive primary central nervous system tumour, and it is urgent to develop new specific therapeutic targets. Studies have confirmed that epithelial-derived tumour cells promote tumour cell proliferation and metastasis by secreting a large number of immunoglobulins (Igs), but the role of tumour-derived Igs in glioma has never been reported. METHODS The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas databases were used to analyse the Ig transcription and its correlation with the prognosis of patients with glioma. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression of IgG and IgM in the glioma tissues of patients and glioma cell lines. When IgG was knocked down by small interfering RNA or knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9, the function of proliferation and migration of glioma cells were analysed by CCK-8, clone formation, wound healing, and transwell assays. Changes in proteins and their phosphorylation in signalling pathways were detected by western blotting. The nude mouse subcutaneous tumour-bearing model was established to analyse the effect of IgG in vivo. RESULTS The transcriptional level of IgG was pretty high in glioma tissues and was positively correlated with high WHO grade, recurrence, and poor prognosis. The expression of IgG and IgM was found in tumour tissues and human glioma cell lines U87 and U251, and the main expression form was secreted. Decreased IgG inhibited the proliferation and migration of glioma cells. Knockout or knockdown of IgG downregulated the phosphorylation of the key molecules in the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathway through the HGF/SF-Met or FAK/Src pathway. In vivo tumourigenesis mouse model confirmed that reduced IgG expression inhibited glioma growth. CONCLUSION Ig was expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines, and a high expression level predicted a poor prognosis of patients. Glioma-derived IgG promoted glioma cell proliferation and migration through the HGF/SF-Met or FAK/Src pathway.
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Zhang L, Cheng C, Li B, Chen J, Peng J, Cao Y, Yue Y, Mai X, Yu D. Combined clinical features and MRI parameters for the prediction of VEGFR2 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961530. [PMID: 36313714 PMCID: PMC9608502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a prediction model for estimating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using clinical features and the contrast-enhanced MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS). Methods A total of 206 HCC patients were subjected to preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI, radical resection, and VEGFR2 immunohistochemistry labeling. The intensity of VEGFR2 expression was used to split patients into either the positive group or the negative group. For continuous data, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed, and for categorical variables, the χ2 test was utilized. Results VEGFR2-positivity was identified in 41.7% (86/206) of the patients. VEGFR2-positive HCCs were confirmed by higher serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, larger tumor dimensions (either on MRI or upon final pathology), and a higher LI-RADS score (all p < 0.001). LI-RADS scores and AFP levels were independent predictors for high VEGFR2 expression. These two parameters were used to establish a VEGFR2-positive risk nomogram, which was validated to possess both good discrimination and calibration. The area under the curve was 0.830 (sensitivity 83.6%, specificity 72.5%) and the mean absolute error was 0.021. The threshold probabilities ranged between 0.07 and 0.95, and usage of the model contributed net benefits. Conclusion A nomogram including clinical features and contrast-enhanced MRI parameters was developed and was demonstrably effective at predicting VEGFR2 expression in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laizhu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Cheng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajuan Cao
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yue
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Mai
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Mai, ; Decai Yu,
| | - Decai Yu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Center & Liver Transplantation Center, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoli Mai, ; Decai Yu,
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Venkatakrishnan G, Parvathi VD. Decoding the mechanism of vascular morphogenesis to explore future prospects in targeted tumor therapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:178. [PMID: 36036322 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The growth and formation of blood vessels is an undeniably fundamental biological process crucial to controlling overall development of an organism. This phenomenon consists of two separate processes, commencing with vasculogenesis, which refers to the process of blood vessel formation strictly in embryonic stages, via de novo endothelial cell synthesis. Angiogenesis continues the formation of the vascular network via sprouting and splitting. Tumor growth is dependent on the growth and supply of blood vessels around the tumor mass. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules can promote angiogenesis by establishing a vascular network and sequestering pro-angiogenic growth factors. Although the methods by which tumor-associated fibroblasts (which differ in phenotype from normal fibroblasts) influence angiogenesis are unknown, they are thought to be a major source of growth factors and cytokines that attract endothelial cells. Chemokines and growth factors (sourced from macrophages and neutrophils) are also regulators of angiogenesis. When considered as a whole, the tumor microenvironment is a heterogenous and dynamic mass of tissue, composed of a plethora of cell types and an ECM that can fundamentally control the pathological angiogenic switch. Angiogenesis is involved in numerous diseases, and understanding the various mechanisms surrounding this phenomenon is key to finding cures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India.
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Novel artemisinin derivative FO8643 with anti-angiogenic activity inhibits growth and migration of cancer cells via VEGFR2 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 930:175158. [PMID: 35878807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is widely recognized as a key effector in angiogenesis and cancer progression and has been considered a critical target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Artemisinin (ARS) and its derivatives exert profound efficacy in treating not only malaria but also cancer. As a novel ARS-type compound, FO8643 caused significant suppression of the growth of a panel of cancer cells, including both solid and hematologic malignancies. In CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, FO8643 dramatically inhibited cell proliferation coupled with increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, FO8643 restrained cell migration in the 2D wound healing assay as well as in a 3D spheroid model of human hepatocellular carcinoma HUH-7 cells. Importantly, SwissTargetPrediction predicted VEGFR2 as an underlying target for FO8643. Molecular docking simulation further indicated that FO8643 forms hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions within the VEGFR2 kinase domain. Moreover, FO8643 directly inhibited VEGFR2 kinase activity and its downstream action including MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in HUH-7 cells. Encouragingly, FO8643 decreased angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. Collectively, FO8643 is a novel ARS-type compound exerting potential VEGFR2 inhibition. FO8643 may be a viable drug candidate in cancer therapy.
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Zhang Y, Zhang KY, Jia HD, Fang X, Lin TT, Wei C, Qian LT, Dong JN. Feasibility of Predicting Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis Based on IVIM-DWI and Texture Parameters of the Primary Lesion and Lymph Nodes in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:1048-1057. [PMID: 34654623 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility and value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and texture parameters of primary lesions and lymph nodes for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 143 patients with cervical cancer confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively and 125 patients were enrolled in primary lesions study, 83 patients and 134 lymph nodes were enrolled in lymph nodes study. Patients and lymph nodes were randomly divided into training group and test group at a ratio of 2: 1. The IVIM-DWI parameters and 3D texture features of primary lesions and lymph nodes of all patients were measured. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, spearman's correlation analysis, independent two-sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to select texture parameters. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to model and evaluate diagnostic performances. RESULTS In primary lesions study, model 1 was constructed by combining f value, original_shape_Sphericity and original_firstorder_Mean of primary lesions. In lymph nodes study, model 2 was constructed by combining short diameter, circular enhancement and rough margin of lymph nodes. Model 3 was constructed by combining ADC, f value and original_glszm_Small Area Emphasis of lymph nodes. The areas under curve of model 1, 2 and 3 in training group and test group were 0.882, 0.798, 0.907 and 0.862, 0.771, 0.937 respectively. CONCLUSION Models based on IVIM-DWI and texture parameters of primary lesions and lymph nodes both performed well in diagnosing pelvic lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer and were superior to morphological features of lymph nodes. Especially, parameters of lymph nodes showed higher diagnostic efficiency and clinical significance.
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Qi S, Deng S, Lian Z, Yu K. Novel Drugs with High Efficacy against Tumor Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136934. [PMID: 35805939 PMCID: PMC9267017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is involved in physiological and pathological processes in the body. Tumor angiogenesis is a key factor associated with tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Therefore, there is great interest in developing antiangiogenic strategies. Hypoxia is the basic initiating factor of tumor angiogenesis, which leads to the increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (Ang), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), etc. in hypoxic cells. The pathways of VEGF and Ang are considered to be critical steps in tumor angiogenesis. A number of antiangiogenic drugs targeting VEGF/VEGFR (VEGF receptor) or ANG/Tie2, or both, are currently being used for cancer treatment, or are still in various stages of clinical development or preclinical evaluation. This article aims to review the mechanisms of angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis and to focus on new drugs and strategies for the treatment of antiangiogenesis. However, antitumor angiogenic drugs alone may not be sufficient to eradicate tumors. The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is considered a promising molecular target. The VEGFR system and its downstream signaling molecules depend on the function of HSP90. This article also briefly introduces the role of HSP90 in angiogenesis and some HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shoulong Deng
- National Health Commission (NHC) of China Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kun Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (K.Y.)
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Nakahama K, Kaneda H, Osawa M, Fukui M, Izumi M, Yoshimoto N, Sugimoto A, Nagamine H, Ogawa K, Matsumoto Y, Sawa K, Tani Y, Mitsuoka S, Watanabe T, Asai K, Kawaguchi T. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression and immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3148-3160. [PMID: 35722982 PMCID: PMC9459341 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether tumor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression affects the therapeutic efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. This retrospective, multicenter study included patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer who were treated with immune‐checkpoint inhibitors. We constructed tissue microarrays and performed immunohistochemistry with an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 antibody. We analyzed immune and tumor cell staining separately in order to determine their correlation with the objective response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival in patients receiving immune‐checkpoint inhibitors. Of 364 patients, 37 (10%) expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in immune cells and 165 (45%) in tumor cells. The objective response rate, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were significantly worse in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy who expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in immune cells than those who did not (10% vs 30%, p = 0.028; median = 2.2 vs 3.6 months, p = 0.012; median = 7.9 vs 17.0 months, p = 0.049, respectively), while there was no significant difference based on tumor cell expression (24% vs 30%, p = 0.33; median = 3.1 vs 3.5 months, p = 0.55; median = 13.6 vs 16.8 months, p = 0.31). There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients treated with and without antiangiogenic agents in any treatment period based on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression. Immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy was limited in patients expressing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Nakahama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kaneda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Masahiko Osawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Fukui
- Department of Laboratory of Statistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Izumi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bell land General Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ishikiriseiki Hospital, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagamine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Sawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Tani
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mitsuoka
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Asai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Lath A, Santal AR, Kaur N, Kumari P, Singh NP. Anti-cancer peptides: their current trends in the development of peptide-based therapy and anti-tumor drugs. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022; 39:45-84. [PMID: 35699384 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2082157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human cancer remains a cause of high mortality throughout the world. The conventional methods and therapies currently employed for treatment are followed by moderate-to-severe side effects. They have not generated curative results due to the ineffectiveness of treatments. Besides, the associated high costs, technical requirements, and cytotoxicity further characterize their limitations. Due to relatively higher presidencies, bioactive peptides with anti-cancer attributes have recently become treatment choices within the therapeutic arsenal. The peptides act as potential anti-cancer agents explicitly targeting tumor cells while being less toxic to normal cells. The anti-cancer peptides are isolated from various natural sources, exhibit high selectivity and high penetration efficiency, and could be quickly restructured. The therapeutic benefits of compatible anti-cancer peptides have contributed to the significant expansion of cancer treatment; albeit, the mechanisms by which bioactive peptides inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells remain unclear. This review will provide a framework for assessing anti-cancer peptides' structural and functional aspects. It shall provide appropriate information on their mode of action to support and strengthen efforts to improve cancer prevention. The article will mention the therapeutic health benefits of anti-cancer peptides. Their importance in clinical studies is elaborated for reducing cancer incidences and developing sustainable treatment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lath
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anita Rani Santal
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Nameet Kaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility, CIL and UCIM, Punjab University, Chandigarh, Inida
| | - Nater Pal Singh
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Oliveira S, Pereira SS, Costa MM, Monteiro MP, Pignatelli D. Ang-Tie Angiogenic Pathway Is Distinctively Expressed in Benign and Malignant Adrenocortical Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105579. [PMID: 35628389 PMCID: PMC9146687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) and adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) relies on unspecific clinical, imaging and histological features, and, so far, no single molecular biomarker has proved to improve diagnostic accuracy. Similarly, prognostic factors have an insufficient capacity to predict the heterogeneity of ACC clinical outcomes, which consequently lead to inadequate treatment strategies. Angiogenesis is a biological process regulated by multiple signaling pathways, including VEGF and the Ang–Tie pathway. Many studies have stressed the importance of angiogenesis in cancer development and metastasis. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of VEGF and Ang–Tie pathway mediators in adrenocortical tumors (ACTs), with the ultimate goal of assessing whether these molecules could be useful biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and/or prognosis prediction in ACC. The expression of the proteins involved in angiogenesis, namely CD34, VEGF, VEGF-R2, Ang1, Ang2, Tie1 and Tie2, was assessed by immunohistochemistry in ACC (n = 22), ACA with Cushing syndrome (n = 8) and non-functioning ACA (n = 13). ACC presented a significantly higher Ang1 and Ang2 expression when compared to ACA. Tie1 expression was higher in ACC with venous invasion and in patients with shorter overall survival. In conclusion, although none of these biomarkers showed to be useful for ACT diagnosis, the Ang–Tie pathway is active in ACT and may play a role in regulating ACT angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oliveira
- UMIB–Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.O.); (M.M.C.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Sofia S. Pereira
- UMIB–Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.O.); (M.M.C.); (M.P.M.)
- ITR–Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220-428-106
| | - Madalena M. Costa
- UMIB–Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.O.); (M.M.C.); (M.P.M.)
- ITR–Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- UMIB–Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS–Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.O.); (M.M.C.); (M.P.M.)
- ITR–Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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VEGF Receptor Inhibitor-Induced Hypertension: Emerging Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Oncol Rep 2022; 24:463-474. [PMID: 35179707 PMCID: PMC9218917 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-022-01224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) have dramatically improved cancer survival, these drugs cause hypertension in a majority of patients. This side effect is often dose limiting and increases cardiovascular mortality in cancer survivors. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and clinical findings that impact management of VEGFRi-induced hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies define new connections between endothelial dysfunction and VEGFRi-induced hypertension, including the balance between nitric oxide, oxidative stress, endothelin signaling, and prostaglandins and the potential role of microparticles, vascular smooth muscle cells, vascular stiffness, and microvessel rarefaction. Data implicating genetic polymorphisms that might identify patients at risk for VEGFRi-induced hypertension and the growing body of literature associating VEGFRi-induced hypertension with antitumor efficacy are reviewed. These recent advances have implications for the future of cardio-oncology clinics and the management of VEGFRi-induced hypertension.
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Salgado MTSF, Fernandes E Silva E, Matsumoto AM, Mattozo FH, Amarante MCAD, Kalil SJ, Votto APDS. C-phycocyanin decreases proliferation and migration of melanoma cells: In silico and in vitro evidences. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105757. [PMID: 35339928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and number of deaths caused by melanoma have been increasing in recent years, and the pigment C-phycocyanin (C-PC) appears as a possible alternative to treat this disease. So, the objective of this study was to combine in silico and in vitro analysis to understand the main anti-melanoma pathways exerted by C-PC. We evaluated the ability of C-PC to bind to the main cellular targets related in the progression of melanoma through molecular docking, and the reflection of this bind in the biological effects in the B16F10 cell line through in vitro analysis. Our results showed that C-PC was able to bind BRAF and MEK, which are related to the signal transduction pathway for proliferation and survival. There was also an interaction between C-PC and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6. In vitro analysis demonstrated that C-PC decreased B16F10 cell proliferation, as observed by cell viability and mitotic index assays. C-PC also interacted with matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 and N-cadherin, which may have caused the decrease in cell migration observed in vitro. Besides that, C-PC interacts with VEGF, a factor responsible for regulating the proliferation and cellular invasion pathways. Finally, C-PC did not alter the cell viability of the non-tumoral melanocytes. Therefore, C-PC is a strong anti-tumor candidate for the treatment of melanoma, since it acts in different cellular pathways of melanoma, without causing damage to non-tumoral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andressa Mai Matsumoto
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielly Hafele Mattozo
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula de Souza Votto
- Laboratório de Cultura Celular, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, ICB, FURG, RS, Brazil.
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Impact of Selected Serum Factors on Metastatic Potential of Gastric Cancer Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030700. [PMID: 35328253 PMCID: PMC8946911 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12), hepatocyte and vascular-endothelial growth factors (HGF and VEGF) have been shown to facilitate cell motility, proliferation and promote local tumor progression and metastatic spread. Recent research shows the important role of these cytokines in gastric cancer (GC) progression. (2) Methods: 21 gastric cancer patients and 19 healthy controls were included in the study. SDF-1, HGF and VEGF levels were evaluated in sera by ELISA. Patients and control sera were used to stimulate CRL-1739 GC cell line, and chemotaxis, adhesion and proliferation potential were assessed. (3) Results: Concentrations of SDF-1, HGF and VEGF were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Chemotaxis and adhesion assays revealed a significant response of GC cells to patients’ serum. Furthermore, significant relationships were seen between chemotactic/adhesion response and tumor stage. Serum from intestinal early GC patients produced significantly stronger chemotactic response when compared to patients with metastatic spread. In turn, serum from patients with distal metastases significantly increased the adhesion of GC cells when compared to sera from the patients with no distal metastases. We also observed that HGF strongly stimulated the proliferation of CRL-1739 cells. (4) Conclusions: We observed that the sera from GC patients, but also SDF-1, HGF and VEGF used alone, have a strong pro-metastatic effect on CRL-1739 cells. We also demonstrated that the concentration of these cytokines is specifically elevated in the sera of patients in an early stage of malignancy. Our results indicate that SDF-1, HGF and VEGF are very important molecules involved in gastric cancer progression.
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Yan R, Li J, Wu Q, Zhang X, Hu L, Deng Y, Jiang R, Wen J, Jiang X. Trace Element-Augmented Titanium Implant With Targeted Angiogenesis and Enhanced Osseointegration in Osteoporotic Rats. Front Chem 2022; 10:839062. [PMID: 35273950 PMCID: PMC8902677 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.839062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deteriorated bone quality in osteoporosis challenges the success of implants, which are in urgent need for better early osseointegration as well as antibacterial property for long-term stability. As osteoporotic bone formation tangles with angiogenic clues, the relationship between osteogenesis and angiogenesis has been a novel therapy target for osteoporosis. However, few designs of implant coatings take the compromised osteoporotic angiogenic microenvironment into consideration. Here, we investigated the angiogenic effects of bioactive strontium ions of different doses in HUVECs only and in a co-culture system with BMSCs. A proper dose of strontium ions (0.2–1 mM) could enhance the secretion of VEGFA and Ang-1 in HUVECs as well as in the co-culture system with BMSCs, exhibiting potential to create an angiogenic microenvironment in the early stage that would be beneficial to osteogenesis. Based on the dose screening, we fabricated a bioactive titanium surface doped with zinc and different doses of strontium by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), for the establishment of a microenvironment favoring osseointegration for osteoporosis. The dual bioactive elements augmented titanium surfaces induced robust osteogenic differentiation, and enhanced antimicrobial properties. Augmented titanium implant surfaces exhibited improved bone formation and bone–implant contact under comprehensive assessment of an in vivo bone–implant interface. In conclusion, zinc- and strontium-augmented titanium surface benefits the osseointegration in osteoporosis via promoting osteogenic differentiation, exerting antibacterial efficacy, and stimulating early angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yan
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qianju Wu
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangkai Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longwei Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Wen, ; Xinquan Jiang,
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jin Wen, ; Xinquan Jiang,
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46
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Alsaedi AM, Almehmadi SJ, Farghaly TA, Harras MF, Khalil KD. VEGFR2 and hepatocellular carcinoma inhibitory activities of trisubstituted triazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tie1 contributes to the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome under the regulation of EGR1 in granulosa cells. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:81-90. [PMID: 35079118 PMCID: PMC8814014 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 (Tie1), a transmembrane protein expressed almost exclusively by endothelial cells, has been reported in granulosa cells. However, its significance in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which can occur after the injection of gonadotropins in infertile women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation, is unknown. Here, we report significantly increased Tie1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cultured granulosa cells from OHSS patients, as well as ovaries from rats with experimentally established OHSS, compared to controls, with the levels of both proteins also increasing in granulosa and SVOG cells (a nontumorigenic human granulosa-lutein cell line) treated with an acute dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Tie1 silencing abolished the hCG-induced VEGF level in SVOG cells and attenuated the progression of OHSS in rats, as determined by histological analysis. Further studies in SVOG cells revealed that the hCG-induced upregulation of Tie1 expression involved the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. We also report that early growth response protein 1 (EGR1), whose expression was also upregulated by hCG, bound directly to the Tie1 promoter and activated its transcription. Taken together, our results indicate that Tie1 may be a therapeutic target in cases of moderate-to-severe OHSS. Further studies are needed to address its clinical relevance.
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Zeng Y, Xie Y, Zhou J. Gastrin/CCK-B Receptor Signaling Promotes Cell Invasion and Metastasis by Upregulating MMP-2 and VEGF Expression in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:134-145. [PMID: 34976177 PMCID: PMC8692687 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests that a functional loop composed of gastrin and cholecystokinin B receptor (CCK-BR) may exist in gastric carcinogenesis. However, this suggestion is not completely supported due to a lack of direct evidence, and the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of gastrin/CCK-BR signaling on the cell growth, invasion, and expression of MMP-2 and VEGF, as well as xenograft growth in vivo. Furthermore, we detected gastrin mRNA content in human gastric cancer tissues, metastatic lymph nodes, and adjacent nontumor tissues. We found that the forced gastrin could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells by upregulating the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF. Blocking gastrin/CCK-BR signal using either Proglumide, a CCK-BR antagonist, or shRNA against GASTRIN significantly inhibited the gastrin-promoting effects. In vivo study revealed that the tumor growth in nude mice inoculated with gastrin-overexpressed cells was significantly faster than control cells. The gastrin mRNA content in metastatic lymph nodes was higher in patients with gastric cancer than in primary gastric cancer and adjacent nontumor tissues. In conclusion, we provided direct evidence and possible mechanism of gastrin/CCK-BR signaling in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Fan Y, He S. The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1-17. [PMID: 35018117 PMCID: PMC8740624 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a special subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 10-20% of breast cancers with high intrinsic heterogeneity. Its unique immune microenvironment, including high expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and other molecules that promote the growth and migration of tumor cells, has been shown to play a dual role in the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of TNBC. Understanding the TNBC microenvironment is of great significance for the prognosis and treatment of TNBC. In this article, we describe the composition and function of immune cells in the TNBC microenvironment and summarize the major cytokine growth factors and chemokines in the TNBC microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the progress of TNBC, cytokine-induced killer cell therapy, and immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, People’s Republic of China
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50
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in adolescents. Its high propensity to metastasize is the leading cause for treatment failure and poor prognosis. Although the research of osteosarcoma has greatly expanded in the past decades, the knowledge and new therapy strategies targeting metastatic progression remain sparse. The prognosis of patients with metastasis is still unsatisfactory. There is resonating urgency for a thorough and deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma to develop innovative therapies targeting metastasis. Toward the goal of elaborating the characteristics and biological behavior of metastatic osteosarcoma, it is essential to combine the diverse investigations that are performed at molecular, cellular, and animal levels from basic research to clinical translation spanning chemical, physical sciences, and biology. This review focuses on the metastatic process, regulatory networks involving key molecules and signaling pathways, the role of microenvironment, osteoclast, angiogenesis, metabolism, immunity, and noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma metastasis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current research advances, with the hope to discovery druggable targets and promising therapy strategies for osteosarcoma metastasis and thus to overcome this clinical impasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohong Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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