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Qi Y, He J, Zhang Y, Ge Q, Wang Q, Chen L, Xu J, Wang L, Chen X, Jia D, Lin Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Hou T, Si J, Chen S, Wang L. Heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium adolescentis ameliorates colon senescence through Paneth-like-cell-mediated stem cell activation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6121. [PMID: 37777508 PMCID: PMC10542354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Declined numbers and weakened functions of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) impair the integrity of the intestinal epithelium during aging. However, the impact of intestinal microbiota on ISCs in this process is unclear. Here, using premature aging mice (telomerase RNA component knockout, Terc-/-), natural aging mice, and in vitro colonoid models, we explore how heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. adolescentis) affects colon senescence. We find that B. adolescentis could mitigate colonic senescence-related changes by enhancing intestinal integrity and stimulating the regeneration of Lgr5+ ISCs via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, we uncover the involvement of Paneth-like cells (PLCs) within the colonic stem-cell-supporting niche in the B. adolescentis-induced ISC regeneration. In addition, we identify soluble polysaccharides (SPS) as potential effective components of B. adolescentis. Overall, our findings reveal the role of heat-inactivated B. adolescentis in maintaining the ISCs regeneration and intestinal barrier, and propose a microbiota target for ameliorating colon senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwei Ge
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jilei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingjiacheng Jia
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tongyao Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Si
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shujie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Prevention and Treatment Research Center for Senescent Disease, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hu X, Jiao F, Deng J, Zhou Z, Chen S, Liu C, Liu Z, Guo F. Intestinal Epithelial Cell-specific Deletion of Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing Protein Alleviates Experimental Colitis in Ageing Mice. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1278-1290. [PMID: 36881790 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] in the elderly has increased in recent years. However, the mechanisms underlying the ageing-related IBD susceptibility remain elusive. Cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein [CISH] is involved in regulating metabolism, the expansion of intestinal tuft cells and type-2 innate lymphoid cells, and ageing-related airway inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of CISH in ageing-related colitis susceptibility. METHODS CISH and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 [p-STAT3] levels were evaluated in the colons of ageing mice and older ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. Mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific knockout of Cish [CishΔIEC] and Cish-floxed mice were administered dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] or trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS] to induce colitis. Colonic tissues were analysed in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and histological staining experiments. Differentially expressed genes from colonic epithelia were analysed by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Ageing increased the severity of DSS-induced colitis and the expression of colonic epithelial CISH in mice. CishΔIEC prevented DSS- or TNBS-induced colitis in middle-aged mice but not in young mice. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that CishΔIEC significantly suppressed DSS-induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses. During ageing in the CCD841 cell model, knockdown of CISH decreased ageing-induced oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses, whereas these effects were compromised by knocking down or inhibiting STAT3. The increase in CISH expression was higher in the colonic mucosa of older patients with UC than in that of healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS CISH might be a proinflammatory regulator in ageing; therefore, targeted therapy against CISH may provide a novel strategy for treating ageing-related IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxin Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanghai Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gong CX, Ma C, Irge DD, Li SM, Chen SM, Zhou SX, Zhao XX, Li HY, Li JY, Yang YM, Xiang L, Zhang Q. Gastrodia elata and parishin ameliorate aging induced 'leaky gut' in mice: Correlation with gut microbiota. Biomed J 2023; 46:100547. [PMID: 35811058 PMCID: PMC10345228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging-induced decrease in intestinal barrier function contributes to many age-related diseases. Studies on preventive measures for "leaky gut" may help improve the quality of life of geriatric patients. The potent anti-aging effect of Gastrodia elata and parishin, which is one of its active ingredients, has been reported previously. However, their effects on the gut remain elusive, and the effect of parishin on mammals has not been studied. METHODS We used quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemical analysis, and 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the effect of G. elata and parishin on the intestinal barrier function of D-Gal-induced aging mice. RESULTS G. elata and parishin prevented the decrease in tight junction protein (TJP) expression and morphological changes, modulated the composition of fecal microbiota to a healthier state, and reversed the translocation of microbial toxins and systemic inflammation. The correlation analyses showed that TJP expression and systemic inflammation were significantly positively or negatively correlated with the composition of fecal microbiota after G. elata and parishin administration. Additionally, TJP expression was also correlated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, G. elata and parishin administration reversed the decreased or increased expression of aging-related biomarkers, such as FOXO3a, SIRT1, CASPASE3 and P21, in the gut. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that G. elata and parishin could prevent gut aging and ameliorate the "leaky gut" of aged mice and that the underlying mechanism is related to the mutual correlations among barrier function, fecal microbiota composition, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Protein Facility, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejene Disasa Irge
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu-Min Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Si-Min Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Xian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Xiu Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han-Yu Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-You Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Mei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hodge RA, Ghannam M, Edmond E, de la Torre F, D’Alterio C, Kaya NH, Resnik-Docampo M, Reiff T, Jones DL. The septate junction component bark beetle is required for Drosophila intestinal barrier function and homeostasis. iScience 2023; 26:106901. [PMID: 37332603 PMCID: PMC10276166 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of intestinal barrier function has been documented across species, but the causes remain unknown. The intestinal barrier is maintained by tight junctions (TJs) in mammals and septate junctions (SJs) in insects. Specialized TJs/SJs, called tricellular junctions (TCJs), are located at the nexus of three adjacent cells, and we have shown that aging results in changes to TCJs in intestines of adult Drosophila melanogaster. We now demonstrate that localization of the TCJ protein bark beetle (Bark) decreases in aged flies. Depletion of bark from enterocytes in young flies led to hallmarks of intestinal aging and shortened lifespan, whereas depletion of bark in progenitor cells reduced Notch activity, biasing differentiation toward the secretory lineage. Our data implicate Bark in EC maturation and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. Understanding the assembly and maintenance of TCJs to ensure barrier integrity may lead to strategies to improve tissue integrity when function is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hodge
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mirna Ghannam
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Emma Edmond
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fernando de la Torre
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Cecilia D’Alterio
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nida Hatice Kaya
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Resnik-Docampo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tobias Reiff
- Institute of Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D. Leanne Jones
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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5
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The Relationship between Reactive Oxygen Species and the cGAS/STING Signaling Pathway in the Inflammaging Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315182. [PMID: 36499506 PMCID: PMC9735967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During Inflammaging, a dysregulation of the immune cell functions is generated, and these cells acquire a senescent phenotype with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS. This increase in pro-inflammatory molecules contributes to the chronic inflammation and oxidative damage of biomolecules, classically observed in the Inflammaging process. One of the most critical oxidative damages is generated to the host DNA. Damaged DNA is located out of the natural compartments, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, and is present in the cell's cytoplasm. This DNA localization activates some DNA sensors, such as the cGAS/STING signaling pathway, that induce transcriptional factors involved in increasing inflammatory molecules. Some of the targets of this signaling pathway are the SASPs. SASPs are secreted pro-inflammatory molecules characteristic of the senescent cells and inducers of ROS production. It has been suggested that oxidative damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA generates activation of the cGAS/STING pathway, increasing ROS levels induced by SASPs. These additional ROS increase oxidative DNA damage, causing a loop during the Inflammaging. However, the relationship between the cGAS/STING pathway and the increase in ROS during Inflammaging has not been clarified. This review attempt to describe the potential connection between the cGAS/STING pathway and ROS during the Inflammaging process, based on the current literature, as a contribution to the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that occur and contribute to the development of the considered adaptative Inflammaging process during aging.
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Zhang H, Duan Y, Cai F, Cao D, Wang L, Qiao Z, Hong Q, Li N, Zheng Y, Su M, Liu Z, Zhu B. Next-Generation Probiotics: Microflora Intervention to Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5633403. [PMID: 36440358 PMCID: PMC9683952 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5633403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
With the development of human genome sequencing and techniques such as intestinal microbial culture and fecal microbial transplantation, newly discovered microorganisms have been isolated, cultured, and researched. Consequently, many beneficial probiotics have emerged as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Currently, "safety," "individualized treatment," and "internal interaction within the flora" are requirements of a potential NGPs. Furthermore, in the complex ecosystem of humans and microbes, it is challenging to identify the relationship between specific strains, specific flora, and hosts to warrant a therapeutic intervention in case of a disease. Thus, this review focuses on the progress made in NGPs and human health research by elucidating the limitations of traditional probiotics; summarizing the functions and strengths of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium hallii, and Roseburia spp. as NGPs; and determining the role of their intervention in treatment of certain diseases. Finally, we aim to provide a reference for developing new probiotics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Duan
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cai
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Demin Cao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Miya Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Arenga pinnata Resistant Starch Modulate Gut Microbiota and Ameliorate Intestinal Inflammation in Aged Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193931. [PMID: 36235583 PMCID: PMC9572357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the regulatory effects of Arenga pinnata retrograded starch (APRS), Arenga pinnata starch (APS), and whole Arenga pinnata flour (APF) on gut microbiota and improvement of intestinal inflammation in aged mice. APF, APS, and APRS altered gut microbiota composition and exhibited different prebiotic effects. Bifidobacterium showed the greatest increase in feces of aged mice fed APF. The abundance of genus Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 was highest in the APS group. APRS supplementation led to a greatest increasement in abundance of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. APRS induced significantly more short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production than APF and APS. APF, APS, and APRS treatments improved intestinal inflammation in aged mice and the order of ameliorative effect was APRS > APS > APF. APRS significantly decreased relative mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). In addition, APF, APS, and APRS significantly downregulated the relative mRNA expression of senescence-associated gene p53 and upregulated the expression of anti-aging gene Sirt1. These results provide potentially useful information about the beneficial effects of Arenga pinnata products on human health.
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8
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Krakovski MA, Arora N, Jain S, Glover J, Dombrowski K, Hernandez B, Yadav H, Sarma AK. Diet-microbiome-gut-brain nexus in acute and chronic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002266. [PMID: 36188471 PMCID: PMC9523267 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, appreciation for the gut microbiome and its relationship to human health has emerged as a facilitator of maintaining healthy physiology and a contributor to numerous human diseases. The contribution of the microbiome in modulating the gut-brain axis has gained significant attention in recent years, extensively studied in chronic brain injuries such as Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s Disease. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that gut microbiome also contributes to acute brain injuries like stroke(s) and traumatic brain injury. Microbiome-gut-brain communications are bidirectional and involve metabolite production and modulation of immune and neuronal functions. The microbiome plays two distinct roles: it beneficially modulates immune system and neuronal functions; however, abnormalities in the host’s microbiome also exacerbates neuronal damage or delays the recovery from acute injuries. After brain injury, several inflammatory changes, such as the necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal tissue, propagates downward inflammatory signals to disrupt the microbiome homeostasis; however, microbiome dysbiosis impacts the upward signaling to the brain and interferes with recovery in neuronal functions and brain health. Diet is a superlative modulator of microbiome and is known to impact the gut-brain axis, including its influence on acute and neuronal injuries. In this review, we discussed the differential microbiome changes in both acute and chronic brain injuries, as well as the therapeutic importance of modulation by diets and probiotics. We emphasize the mechanistic studies based on animal models and their translational or clinical relationship by reviewing human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraj Arora
- Department of Neurology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer Glover
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Keith Dombrowski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Hernandez
- Clinical Nutrition Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- USF Center for Microbiome Research, Microbiomes Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Hariom Yadav,
| | - Anand Karthik Sarma
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Department of Neurology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Anand Karthik Sarma,
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9
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Zhou R, Qian S, Cho WCS, Zhou J, Jin C, Zhong Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Xu Z, Tian M, Chan LWC, Zhang H. Microbiota-microglia connections in age-related cognition decline. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13599. [PMID: 35349746 PMCID: PMC9124309 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process that all individuals experience, of which the extent differs among individuals. It has been recognized as the risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases by affecting gut microbiota compositions, microglia, and cognition abilities. Aging‐induced changes in gut microbiota compositions have a critical role in orchestrating the morphology and functions of microglia through the gut‐brain axis. Gut microbiota communicates with microglia by its secreted metabolites and neurotransmitters. This is highly associated with age‐related cognitive declines. Here, we review the main composition of microbiota in the aged individuals, outline the changes of the brain in age‐related cognitive decline from a neuroinflammation perspective, especially the changes of morphology and functions of microglia, discuss the crosstalk between microbiota and microglia in the aged brain and further highlight the role of microbiota‐microglia connections in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Shufang Qian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - William C. S. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jinyun Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Zhoujiao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Lawrence W. C. Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Medical PET Center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- The College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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10
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Amevor FK, Cui Z, Du X, Ning Z, Deng X, Xu D, Shu G, Wu Y, Cao X, Shuo W, Tian Y, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Du X, Zhu Q, Han X, Zhao X. Supplementation of Dietary Quercetin and Vitamin E Promotes the Intestinal Structure and Immune Barrier Integrity in Aged Breeder Hens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860889. [PMID: 35386687 PMCID: PMC8977514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In aged animals, the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are reduced. Dietary intervention is necessary to re-activate GIT functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of dietary combination of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (VE) on the intestinal structure and barrier integrity in aged breeder chickens. A sum of 400 (65-wks-old) Tianfu breeder hens were randomly allotted into four (4) groups with four (4) replicates, and fed with basal diet; basal diet supplemented with 0.4g/kg of Q; basal diet supplemented with 0.2g/kg of VE; and basal diet supplemented with the combination of Q (0.4 g/kg) and VE (0.2 g/kg) for 14 weeks. At the end of the 14th week, serum and gut segments were collected from eight hens per group for analyses. The results showed that Q+VE exerted synergistic effects on intestinal morphology by promoting villi height and crypt depth (P < 0.05), as well as mitigated the intestinal inflammatory damage of the aged hens, but decreased the concentration of serum D-lactate and diamine oxidase; and increased the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and Mucin-2 mRNA (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins including occludin, ZO1, and claudin-1 was increased by Q+VE (P < 0.05). Moreover, Q+VE decreased the mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10 and IL-4) (P < 0.05). These results were consistent with the mRNA expression of Bax and Bcl-2. In addition, Q+VE protected the small intestinal tract from oxidative damage by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of SOD1 and GPx-2. However, Q+VE decreased malondialdehyde levels in the intestine compared to the control (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary Q+VE improved intestinal function in aged breeder hens, by protecting the intestinal structure and integrity. Therefore, Q+VE could act as an anti-aging agent to elevate the physiological functions of the small intestine in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaxia Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zifan Ning
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Deng
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youhao Wu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqing Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Shuo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Han
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Wu J, Ren W, Chen L, Lou Y, Liu C, Huang Y, Hu Y. Age-Related Changes in the Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Elderly Chinese Individuals. Gerontology 2022; 68:976-988. [PMID: 35100593 DOI: 10.1159/000520054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal microbiota affects human health and aging. The composition of intestinal microbiota and inflammation indices in elderly Chinese, especially centenarians, is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationships between intestinal microbiota and inflammation in healthy housebound elders in Shanghai, China. METHODS We enrolled 156 differently aged adults and assigned them into 4 groups: those aged 35-64 years were assigned into Group AD; 65-79 years into Group YO; 80-94 years into Group MO; and 95-102 years into Group VO. RESULTS The diversity of intestinal microbiota in Group VO was significantly reduced compared with that of the other 3 groups. Bacteroidetes abundance in Group VO was significantly lower than that in Groups AD, YO, or MO; Proteobacteria abundance showed the opposite trend. Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus abundance in Group VO was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups; Anaerostipes, Butyricicoccus, and Faecalibacterium abundance showed the opposite trend. Solobacterium abundance in Group VO was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups; Campylobacter, Porphyromonas, Escherichia, and Pseudomonas abundance showed the opposite trend. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-8 in Group VO were significantly higher than those in Groups AD, YO, and MO, while those in Group MO were significantly higher than those in Groups AD and YO. IL-1β and IL-10 plasma levels were not significantly different among the 4 groups. Proteobacteria abundance was positively correlated with TNF-α and IL-8 levels, while Campylobacter abundance was positively correlated with those of TNF-α and IL-6. Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium abundance was negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS The diversity of intestinal microbiota in the oldest participants (centenarians) decreased significantly, with several beneficial bacterial strains showing increased or decreased abundance; harmful bacterial species showed a similar trend. Our oldest participants (centenarians) demonstrated significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be related to inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Weiying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lou
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Lee CC, Liao YC, Lee MC, Lin KJ, Hsu HY, Chiou SY, Young SL, Lin JS, Huang CC, Watanabe K. Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 Attenuates Aging-Associated Muscle Weakness, Bone Loss, and Cognitive Impairment by Modulating the Gut Microbiome in Mice. Front Nutr 2021; 8:708096. [PMID: 34722603 PMCID: PMC8548577 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.708096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, aging is characterized by the progressive decline in biological, physiological, and psychological functions, and is a major risk factor in the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, the development of strategies aimed at attenuating aging-related disorders and promoting healthy aging is critical. In a previous study, we have demonstrated that Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10), a probiotic strain isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage, improved muscle strength, exercise endurance, and overall body composition in healthy humans. In this study, the effect of TWK10 on the progression of age-related impairments was investigated in mice. We found that TWK10 not only enhanced muscle strength in young mice, but also prevented the aging-related loss of muscle strength in aged mice, which was accompanied by elevated muscle glycogen levels. Furthermore, TWK10 attenuated the aging-associated decline in learning and memory abilities, as well as bone mass. Further analyses of gut microbiota using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the pattern of gut microbial composition was clearly altered following 8 weeks of TWK10 administration. TWK10-treated mice also experienced an increase in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and higher overall levels of gut SCFA. Furthermore, TWK10 administration to some extent reversed the aging-associated accumulation of pathogenic bacterial taxa. In conclusion, TWK10 could be viewed as a potential therapeutic agent that attenuates aging-related disorders and provides health benefits by modulating the imbalance of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yin Hsu
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Yun Chiou
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - San-Land Young
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Katzka W, Dong TS, Luu K, Lagishetty V, Sedighian F, Arias-Jayo N, Jacobs JP, Hsu HY. The Ocular Microbiome Is Altered by Sampling Modality and Age. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:24. [PMID: 34661621 PMCID: PMC8525833 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies of the ocular microbiome have used a variety of sampling techniques, but no study has directly compared different sampling methods applied to the same eyes to one another or to a reference standard of corneal epithelial biopsy. We addressed this lack by comparing the microbiome from three conjunctival swabs with those of corneal epithelial biopsy. Methods Twelve eyes (11 patients) were swabbed by calcium alginate swab, cotton-tipped applicator, and Weck-Cel cellulose sponge before a corneal epithelial biopsy (48 samples). We then performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and universal 16S rRNA gene real-time polymerase chain reaction. Negative/blank controls were used to eliminate contaminants. An analysis was performed to examine the concordance of the three swab types to corneal epithelial biopsy. The effect of patient age on the ocular microbiome as determined by epithelial biopsy was also examined. Results The ocular microbiome from corneal epithelial biopsies consisted of 31 genera with a relative abundance of 1% or more, including Weisella, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Of the three swab types, Weck-Cel differed the most from corneal biopsies based on beta-diversity analysis. Cotton swabs were unable to capture the Bacteroides population seen on epithelial biopsy. Therefore, calcium alginate swabs seemed to be the closest to epithelial biopsies. Older patients (≥65 years old) had higher alpha diversity (P < 0.05) than younger patients. Differential abundance testing showed that there were 18 genera that were differentially abundant between the two age groups, including Streptococcus and eight members of the Proteobacteria phylum. Conclusions We demonstrate that ocular sampling method and patient age can greatly affect the outcome of sequencing-based analysis of the ocular microbiome. Translational Relevance By understanding the impact of different sampling methods on the results obtained from the ocular surface microbiome, future research on the topic will be more reproducible, leading to a better understanding of ocular surface microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Katzka
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S Dong
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kayti Luu
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venu Lagishetty
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farzaneh Sedighian
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nerea Arias-Jayo
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Jacobs
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Microbiome Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hugo Y Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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14
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Wang Y, Dykes GA. Direct modulation of the gut microbiota as a therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:14-25. [PMID: 34365962 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210806165751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive functions. It is a multifactorial disease involving a wide range of pathological factors that are not fully understood. As supported by a growing amount of evidence in recent years, the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. This suggests that direct modulation of the gut microbiota can be a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes recent research findings on the modulation of the gut microbiota by probiotic therapies and faecal microbiota transplantation for controlling the pathologies of Alzheimer's disease. Current limitations and future research directions of this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, the University of Queensland, Keyhole Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4072. Australia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, the University of Queensland, Keyhole Road, St Lucia, Queensland 4072. Australia
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15
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Pang W, Jiang Y, Li A, Zhang J, Chen M, Hu L, Li Z, Wang D. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Ameliorates Experimental Allergic Airway Inflammation via Activation of ICOS +Tregs and Inhibition of Th2 Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620943. [PMID: 33815374 PMCID: PMC8010693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of allergic airway diseases (AAD) by immunomodulation of the adaptive immune system through restoration of the enteric dysbiosis is an emerging therapeutic strategy. Patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 6) were enrolled, and gut microbiome composition analysis was performed by 16S rDNA sequencing. We also established an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation murine model. Dysbiosis of the gut flora was observed in both AAD patients and the mice, with the decrease of the biodiversity and the quantity of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Oral application of Bacteroides (B.) thetaiotaomicron ameliorated the symptoms of OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and attenuated the airway inflammation in mice. In addition, nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from AAD mice orally administered with B. thetaiotaomicron showed reduced numbers of immune cells, and diminished secretion of T helper (Th)-2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) compared with the corresponding control mice, whereas the levels of Th1 cytokineIFN-γ was not changed in both the groups. When B. thetaiotaomicron was co-administered with metronidazole in AAD mice, the immunomodulatory effect was weakened and the allergic inflammatory response was aggravated. The ratios of CD4+Foxp3+ cells, CD4+ICOS+ T cells, CD4+ICOS+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and IL-10-expressing CD4+Foxp3+ cells were increased in lymphocytes of spleen, mesenteric, and cervical lymph nodes of AAD mice administrated with B. thetaiotaomicron. Therefore, our data indicate that oral administration of B. thetaiotaomicron effectively inhibited the development of AAD in murine model; inhibition was mediated by the activation of Tregs and inhibition of Th2 response without promoting a Th1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Hu
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Medical Research Center, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Calafat M, Mañosa M, Cañete F, Domènech E. Clinical Considerations Regarding the Use of Thiopurines in Older Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Drugs Aging 2021; 38:193-203. [PMID: 33438138 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-020-00832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The number of older patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing due to both improvements in the life expectancy of patients with long-lasting IBD and later onset of the disease. In spite of a less aggressive IBD phenotype, disease management in older patients is hampered by comorbidities and polypharmacy (which increase the risk of drug-related adverse events and errors in medication intake) and also by an increased risk of the infections and malignancies associated with the immunosuppressive drugs that are frequently used to treat IBD. Thiopurines are the most frequently used immunosuppressive drugs in IBD, though they are often discontinued due to adverse events. However, when tolerated, thiopurines are efficient in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In fact, thiopurines still have a role to play in the treatment algorithm of older patients with IBD because anti-tumor necrosis factor agents do not provide clear advantages for this population in terms of their safety profile, while data on the new biological drugs are still scarce. In this article, we review the optimal use of thiopurines in older patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Calafat
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Míriam Mañosa
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiorella Cañete
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera del Canyet s/n, 08916, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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17
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Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1802866. [PMID: 32835590 PMCID: PMC7524325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades our understanding of the gut microbiota and its contribution to health and disease has been transformed. Among a new 'generation' of potentially beneficial microbes to have been recognized are members of the genus Eubacterium, who form a part of the core human gut microbiome. The genus consists of phylogenetically, and quite frequently phenotypically, diverse species, making Eubacterium a taxonomically unique and challenging genus. Several members of the genus produce butyrate, which plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, colonic motility, immunomodulation and suppression of inflammation in the gut. Eubacterium spp. also carry out bile acid and cholesterol transformations in the gut, thereby contributing to their homeostasis. Gut dysbiosis and a consequently modified representation of Eubacterium spp. in the gut, have been linked with various human disease states. This review provides an overview of Eubacterium species from a phylogenetic perspective, describes how they alter with diet and age and summarizes its association with the human gut and various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Cathy Lordan
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Picca A, Calvani R, Cesari M, Landi F, Bernabei R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Marzetti E. Biomarkers of Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: Coming up to the Place? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5635. [PMID: 32781619 PMCID: PMC7460617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) recapitulates all the hallmarks of aging and has become a focus in geroscience. Factors spanning muscle-specific processes (e.g., mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal myocytes) to systemic changes (e.g., inflammation and amino acid dysmetabolism) have been pinpointed as possible contributors to PF&S pathophysiology. However, the search for PF&S biomarkers allowing the early identification and tracking of the condition over time is ongoing. This is mainly due to the phenotypic heterogeneity of PF&S, its unclear pathophysiology, and the frequent superimposition of other age-related conditions. Hence, presently, the identification of PF&S relies upon clinical, functional, and imaging parameters. The adoption of multi-marker approaches (combined with multivariate modeling) has shown great potential for addressing the complexity of PF&S pathophysiology and identifying candidate biological markers. Well-designed longitudinal studies are necessary for the incorporation of reliable biomarkers into clinical practice and for unveiling novel targets that are amenable to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatric and Orthopedic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatric and Orthopedic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatric and Orthopedic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatric and Orthopedic Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Baranovsky AY, Kondrashina EA, Shchukina OB, Raikhelson KL, Palgova LK, Marchenko NV, Prashnova MK, Pazenko EV, Kovyazina VP, Segal AM. Clinical Features of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease) in Geriatric Practice in St. Petersburg. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057020020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Wang S, Ahmadi S, Nagpal R, Jain S, Mishra SP, Kavanagh K, Zhu X, Wang Z, McClain DA, Kritchevsky SB, Kitzman DW, Yadav H. Lipoteichoic acid from the cell wall of a heat killed Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 ameliorates aging-related leaky gut, inflammation and improves physical and cognitive functions: from C. elegans to mice. GeroScience 2020; 42:333-352. [PMID: 31814084 PMCID: PMC7031475 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation associated with leaky gut is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults; however, successful preventive and therapeutic strategies against these conditions are not available. In this study, we demonstrate that a human-origin Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 strain (D3-5), even in the non-viable form, extends life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, feeding of heat-killed D3-5 to old mice (> 79 weeks) prevents high- fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions, decreases leaky gut and inflammation, and improves physical and cognitive functions. D3-5 feeding significantly increases mucin production, and proportionately, the abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila also increases. Mechanistically, we show that the lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of D3-5, enhances mucin (Muc2) expression by modulating TLR-2/p38-MAPK/NF-kB pathway, which in turn reduces age-related leaky gut and inflammation. The findings indicate that the D3-5 and its LTA can prevent/treat age-related leaky gut and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sidharth P Mishra
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Pathology-Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Donald A McClain
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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21
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Calafat M, Mañosa M, Cañete F, Ricart E, Iglesias E, Calvo M, Rodríguez-Moranta F, Taxonera C, Nos P, Mesonero F, Martín-Arranz MD, Mínguez M, Gisbert JP, García-López S, de Francisco R, Gomollón F, Calvet X, Garcia-Planella E, Rivero M, Martínez-Cadilla J, Argüelles F, Arias L, Cimavilla M, Zabana Y, Domènech E. Increased risk of thiopurine-related adverse events in elderly patients with IBD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:780-788. [PMID: 31429097 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiopurines are the most widely used immunosuppressants in IBD although drug-related adverse events (AE) occur in 20%-30% of cases. AIM To evaluate the safety of thiopurines in elderly IBD patients METHODS: Cohort study including all adult patients in the ENEIDA registry who received thiopurines. Patients were grouped in terms of age at the beginning of thiopurine treatment, specifically in those who started thiopurines over 60 years or between 18 and 50 years of age. Thiopurine-related AEs registered in the ENEIDA database were compared. RESULTS Out of 48 752 patients, 1888 started thiopurines when over 60 years of age and 15 477 under 50 years of age. Median treatment duration was significantly shorter for those who started thiopurines >60 years (13 [IQR 2-55] vs 32 [IQR 5-82] months; P < .001). Patients starting >60 years had higher rates of all types of myelotoxicity, digestive intolerance and hepatotoxicity. Thiopurines were discontinued due to AEs (excluding malignancies and infections) in more patients starting >60 years (67.2% vs 63.1%; P < .001). Elderly age and female sex were independent risk factors for most AEs. CONCLUSION In elderly IBD patients, thiopurines are associated with an increased risk of non-infectious, non-neoplastic, AEs.
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Broad J, Kung VWS, Palmer A, Elahi S, Karami A, Darreh-Shori T, Ahmed S, Thaha MA, Carroll R, Chin-Aleong J, Martin JE, Saffrey MJ, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ. Changes in neuromuscular structure and functions of human colon during ageing are region-dependent. Gut 2019; 68:1210-1223. [PMID: 30228216 PMCID: PMC6594449 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if human colonic neuromuscular functions decline with increasing age. DESIGN Looking for non-specific changes in neuromuscular function, a standard burst of electrical field stimulation (EFS) was used to evoke neuronally mediated (cholinergic/nitrergic) contractions/relaxations in ex vivomuscle strips of human ascending and descending colon, aged 35-91 years (macroscopically normal tissue; 239 patients undergoing cancer resection). Then, to understand mechanisms of change, numbers and phenotype of myenteric neurons (30 306 neurons stained with different markers), densities of intramuscular nerve fibres (51 patients in total) and pathways involved in functional changes were systematically investigated (by immunohistochemistry and use of pharmacological tools) in elderly (≥70 years) and adult (35-60 years) groups. RESULTS With increasing age, EFS was more likely to evoke muscle relaxation in ascending colon instead of contraction (linear regression: n=109, slope 0.49%±0.21%/year, 95% CI), generally uninfluenced by comorbidity or use of medications. Similar changes were absent in descending colon. In the elderly, overall numbers of myenteric and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons and intramuscular nerve densities were unchanged in ascending and descending colon, compared with adults. In elderly ascending, not descending, colon numbers of cell bodies exhibiting choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity increased compared with adults (5.0±0.6 vs 2.4±0.3 neurons/mm myenteric plexus, p=0.04). Cholinergically mediated contractions were smaller in elderly ascending colon compared with adults (2.1±0.4 and 4.1±1.1 g-tension/g-tissue during EFS; n=25/14; p=0.04); there were no changes in nitrergic function or in ability of the muscle to contract/relax. Similar changes were absent in descending colon. CONCLUSION In ascending not descending colon, ageing impairs cholinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Broad
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victor W S Kung
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Palmer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shezan Elahi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Azadeh Karami
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shafi Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK,Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Adhnan Thaha
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Department of Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK,Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Carroll
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Chin-Aleong
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joanne E Martin
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Jill Saffrey
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Charles H Knowles
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Department of Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK,Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gareth John Sanger
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Casati M, Ferri E, Azzolino D, Cesari M, Arosio B. Gut microbiota and physical frailty through the mediation of sarcopenia. Exp Gerontol 2019; 124:110639. [PMID: 31226349 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The changing physiology and lifestyle of older people affect the gut microbiota composition. In particular, the age-related diet modifications can alter the gut microbiota biodiversity and determine the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa, resulting in microbiota dysbiosis with negative consequences for the host physiology. Unhealthy microbiota may then induce an acceleration of the age-related physiological changes, consequently concurring at determining the characteristic complexity of frail older persons. One of the major clinical manifestations of frailty is represented by the individual's physical decline. Besides of a well-established clinical phenotype of frailty, the qualitative and quantitative skeletal muscle impairment (i.e., sarcopenia) is today of particular interest for potentially serving as target for (pharmacological and non-pharmacological) interventions to prevent incident disability. Evidence suggests that gut microbiota is able to influence the skeletal muscle homeostasis via microbiota-dependent metabolites, thus representing the possible biological substratum for the sarcopenia onset. In fact, the rearrangements of gut microbiota as well as the alteration of its functions contribute at increasing the anabolic resistance, releasing pro-inflammatory mediators, determining mitochondrial abnormalities with consequent oxidation, and causing insulin resistance. In this article, the link between gut microbiota and physical frailty is discussed. It is especially explained the role that sarcopenia may play in this likely bidirectional relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Casati
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Domenico Azzolino
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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Kim D, Taleban S. A Comprehensive Review of the Diagnosis and Pharmacological Management of Crohn's Disease in the Elderly Population. Drugs Aging 2019; 36:607-624. [PMID: 31055789 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-019-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) in the elderly is rising in prevalence, which is related to an increase in its incidence and improving life expectancies. There are differences in the presentation, natural history, and treatment of CD between adult-onset patients who progress to older age and patients who are initially diagnosed at an older age. Presentation at an older age may also delay or make diagnosis challenging due to accumulating co-morbidities that mimic inflammatory bowel disease. Differences exist between adult- and older-onset disease, yet many guidelines do not specifically distinguish the management of these two distinct populations. Identifying patients at high risk for progression or aggressive disease is particularly important as elderly patients may respond differently to medical and surgical treatment, and may be at higher risk for adverse effects. Despite newer agents being approved for CD, the data regarding efficacy and safety in the elderly are currently limited. Balancing symptom management with risks of medical and surgical therapy is an ongoing challenge and requires special consideration in these two distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sasha Taleban
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arizona School of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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25
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Dumic I, Nordin T, Jecmenica M, Stojkovic Lalosevic M, Milosavljevic T, Milovanovic T. Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders in Older Age. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 2019:6757524. [PMID: 30792972 PMCID: PMC6354172 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6757524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering an increase in the life expectancy leading to a rise in the elderly population, it is important to recognize the changes that occur along the process of aging. Gastrointestinal (GI) changes in the elderly are common, and despite some GI disorders being more prevalent in the elderly, there is no GI disease that is limited to this age group. While some changes associated with aging GI system are physiologic, others are pathological and particularly more prevalent among those above age 65 years. This article reviews the most important GI disorders in the elderly that clinicians encounter on a daily basis. We highlight age-related changes of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large bowels, and the clinical implications of these changes. We review epidemiology and pathophysiology of common diseases, especially as they relate to clinical manifestation in elderly. Details regarding management of specific disease are discussed in detail if they significantly differ from the management for younger groups or if they are associated with significant challenges due to side effects or polypharmacy. Cancers of GI tract are not included in the scope of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Dumic
- 1Division of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA
- 2Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Terri Nordin
- 2Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- 3Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire WI, USA
| | - Mladen Jecmenica
- 4Gastroenterology Fellowship Program, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, USA
| | | | - Tomica Milosavljevic
- 5Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- 6School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Milovanovic
- 5Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- 6School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia
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Aging, Immunity, and Neuroinflammation: The Modulatory Potential of Nutrition. NUTRITION AND IMMUNITY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123246 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16073-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aging influences an organism’s entire physiology, affecting functions at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels and increasing susceptibility to many major chronic diseases. The changes in the immune system that accompany human aging are very complex and are generally referred to as immunosenescence. The factors and mechanisms of immunosenescence are multiple and include, among others, defects in the bone marrow, thymic involution, and intrinsic defects in the formation, maturation, homeostasis, and migration of peripheral lymphocytes. Aging affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The process of aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade inflammation thought to contribute to neuroinflammation and to many age-related diseases. Numerous attempts to define the role of chronic inflammation in aging have implicated chronic oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, immunosenescence, epigenetic modifications, and other phenomena. Several lifestyle strategies, such as intervening to provide an adequate diet and physical and mental activity, have been shown to result in improved immune and neuroprotective functions, a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a potential increase in individual longevity. The studies published thus far describe a critical role for nutrition in maintaining the immune response of the aged, but they also indicate the need for a more in-depth, holistic approach to determining the optimal nutritional and behavioral strategies that would maintain immune and other physiological systems in elderly people. In this chapter, we focus first on the age-related changes of the immune system. Further, we discuss possible deleterious influences of immunosenescence and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) on neurodegenerative processes in the normally aging brain. Finally, we consider our current understanding of the modulatory potential of nutrition that may mediate anti-inflammatory effects and thus positively affect immunity and the aging brain.
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Compté N, Dumont L, Bron D, De Breucker S, Praet JP, Bautmans I, Pepersack T. White blood cell counts in a geriatric hospitalized population: A poor diagnostic marker of infection. Exp Gerontol 2018; 114:87-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Wu J, Ren W, Li L, Luo M, Xu K, Shen J, Wang J, Chang G, Lu Y, Qi Y, Xu B, He Y, Hu Y. Effect of Aging and Glucagon-like Peptide 2 on Intestinal Microbiota in SD Rats. Aging Dis 2018; 9:566-577. [PMID: 30090647 PMCID: PMC6065291 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that intestinal microbiota affect the aging process. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), a growth factor found in the intestinal mucosal epithelium, reduces intestinal permeability and affects intestinal microbiota. The relationship between aging, GLP-2, and intestinal microbiota are still not well understood. The current study examined the influence of aging and GLP-2 on the intestinal microbiota of rats. Twelve 3-month old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: a young control group (group C) and a young GLP-2 treatment group (group G). Twelve 26-month old male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: an aged control group (group L) and an aged GLP-2 treatment group (group T). GLP-2 was intraperitoneally injected into rats from group G and group T for 14 days. Plasma GLP-2 concentration was evaluated by ELISA tests. Fresh intestinal stool samples were collected from each group and total fecal bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from the associated rats. The bacterial composition of fecal samples was analyzed by Miseq high-throughput sequencing and comparison with SRA databases. Overall, the diversity of intestinal microbiota significantly decreases with age in SD rats, while GLP-2 has no significant effect on the diversity of intestinal microbiota. Upon aging, there is a reduction in probiotic bacteria and a concomitant increase in pathogenic bacteria in rats. Treatment with GLP-2 results in a significant reduction in the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial genera and an increase in some potential benefit bacteria in aged rats. In addition, treatment with GLP-2 results in an increase in several probiotics and a reduction in the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial genera in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiying Ren
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Li
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Man Luo
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kan Xu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiping Shen
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Wang
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guilin Chang
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Lu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiming Qi
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Binger Xu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting He
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Hu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Mañosa M, Calafat M, de Francisco R, García C, Casanova MJ, Huelín P, Calvo M, Tosca J, Fernández-Salazar L, Arajol C, Zabana Y, Bastida G, Hinojosa J, Márquez L, Barreiro-de-Acosta M, Calvet X, Monfort D, Gómez-Garcia MR, Rodríguez E, Huguet JM, Rojas-Feria M, Hervias D, Atienza R, Busquets D, Zapata E, Dueñas C, Charro M, Martínez-Cerezo FJ, Plaza R, Vázquez JM, Gisbert JP, Cañete F, Cabré E, Domènech E. Phenotype and natural history of elderly onset inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentre, case-control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 47:605-614. [PMID: 29369387 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onset during old age has been reported in upto 10% of total cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To evaluate phenotypic characteristics and the use of therapeutic resources in patients with elderly onset IBD. METHODS Case-control study including all those patients diagnosed with IBD over the age of 60 years since 2000 who were followed-up for >12 months, identified from the IBD databases. Elderly onset cases were compared with IBD patients aged 18 to 40 years at diagnosis, matched by year of diagnosis, gender and type of IBD (adult-onset). RESULTS One thousand three hundred and seventy-four elderly onset and 1374 adult-onset cases were included (62% ulcerative colitis (UC), 38% Crohn's disease (CD)). Among UC patients, elderly onset cases had a lower proportion of extensive disease (33% vs 39%; P < 0.0001). In CD, elderly onset cases showed an increased rate of stenosing pattern (24% vs 13%; P < 0.0001) and exclusive colonic location (28% vs 16%; P < 0.0001), whereas penetrating pattern (12% vs 19%; P < 0.0001) was significantly less frequent. Regarding the use of therapeutic resources, there was a significantly lower use of corticosteroids (P < 0.0001), immunosuppressants (P < 0.0001) and anti-TNFs agents (P < 0.0001) in elderly onset cases. Regarding surgery, we found a significantly higher surgery rate among elderly onset UC cases (8.3% vs 5.1%; P < 0.009). Finally, elderly onset cases were characterised by a higher rate of hospitalisations (66% vs 49%; P < 0.0001) and neoplasms (14% vs 0.5%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Elderly onset IBD shows specific characteristics and they are managed differently, with a lower use of immunosuppressants and a higher rate of surgery in UC.
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Gut Microbial Changes, Interactions, and Their Implications on Human Lifecycle: An Ageing Perspective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4178607. [PMID: 29682542 PMCID: PMC5846367 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4178607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is established during birth and evolves with age, mostly maintaining the commensal relationship with the host. A growing body of clinical evidence suggests an intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and the immune system. With ageing, the gut microbiota develops significant imbalances in the major phyla such as the anaerobic Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as well as a diverse range of facultative organisms, resulting in impaired immune responses. Antimicrobial therapy is commonly used for the treatment of infections; however, this may also result in the loss of normal gut flora. Advanced age, antibiotic use, underlying diseases, infections, hormonal differences, circadian rhythm, and malnutrition, either alone or in combination, contribute to the problem. This nonbeneficial gastrointestinal modulation may be reversed by judicious and controlled use of antibiotics and the appropriate use of prebiotics and probiotics. In certain persistent, recurrent settings, the option of faecal microbiota transplantation can be explored. The aim of the current review is to focus on the establishment and alteration of gut microbiota, with ageing. The review also discusses the potential role of gut microbiota in regulating the immune system, together with its function in healthy and diseased state.
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Choi J, Hur TY, Hong Y. Influence of Altered Gut Microbiota Composition on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases. J Lifestyle Med 2018; 8:1-7. [PMID: 29581954 PMCID: PMC5846638 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2018.8.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota forms a large community that coexists with all species, including humans and rodents. Genome projects have been conducted by many researchers in nearly every country to better understand and treat diseases that lead to death in humans. However, the gut microbiota is known as a "second genome" because it includes microbes, genomic DNA, proteins, and metabolites. A large number of studies have revealed the importance of the gut microbiota. In elderly people, the diversity of the gut microbiota is reduced and there is an increased incidence of degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and decreased cognitive and memory functions. However, the administration of pre/probiotics can help to improve the symptoms of these diseases. Therefore, we believe that the gut microbiota is important for maintaining homeostasis and diversity, as well as for avoiding gastrointestinal tract-derived diseases and improving health in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju, Korea
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Ubiquitous Healthcare & Anti-aging Research Center (u-HARC), Inje University, Gimhae, Korea.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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Gut Dysbiosis and Muscle Aging: Searching for Novel Targets against Sarcopenia. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7026198. [PMID: 29686533 PMCID: PMC5893006 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7026198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is characterized by several changes, one of which is the impairment of the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota. These alterations critically influence host health and have been associated with morbidity and mortality in older adults. “Inflammaging,” an age-related chronic inflammatory process, is a common trait of several conditions, including sarcopenia. Interestingly, imbalanced intestinal microbial community has been suggested to contribute to inflammaging. Changes in gut microbiota accompanying sarcopenia may be attenuated by supplementation with pre- and probiotics. Although muscle aging has been increasingly recognized as a biomarker of aging, the pathophysiology of sarcopenia is to date only partially appreciated. Due to its development in the context of the age-related inflammatory milieu, several studies favor the hypothesis of a tight connection between sarcopenia and inflammaging. However, conclusive evidence describing the signaling pathways involved has not yet been produced. Here, we review the current knowledge of the changes in intestinal microbiota that occur in advanced age with a special emphasis on findings supporting the idea of a modulation of muscle physiology through alterations in gut microbial composition and activity.
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Ren W, Wu J, Li L, Lu Y, Shao Y, Qi Y, Xu B, He Y, Hu Y. Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Aged Rats. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:731-738. [PMID: 29806863 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) plays a major role in repairing impaired intestinal mucosa, but its mechanism in the improvement of intestinal barrier function during the aging process remains unclear. In this study, 26-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control group and GLP-2 group treated with a dose of 250 μg•kg-1•d-1 by intraperitoneal injection. After 14 days of treatment, intestinal mucosal morphometric changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Small intestinal permeability was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran. The mRNA and protein expression of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1 and the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Our results showed that GLP-2 administration significantly improved the age-related atrophy of intestinal mucosa and villi and increased small intestinal permeability. The mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1and occludin in ileum were up regulated in the GLP-2-treated old rats. In addition, the serum GLP-2 levels were negatively correlated with small intestinal permeability measured by FITC-dextran levels (r=-0.610, P<0.01). Taking all these data together, it is concluded that GLP-2 improved small intestinal epithelial barrier function in aged rats mainly by facilitating intestinal mucosa growth, alleviating the increased small intestinal permeability and increasing ZO-1 and occludin expression. Our observations provide evidence for the clinical significance of GLP-2 in preventing the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ren
- Yu Hu, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200030, China, E-mail: , Tel:+86-021-64041990-3766, Fax:+86-21-64035399
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Athari Nik Azm S, Djazayeri A, Safa M, Azami K, Djalali M, Sharifzadeh M, Vafa M. Probiotics improve insulin resistance status in an experimental model of Alzheimer's disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:103. [PMID: 29951404 PMCID: PMC6014785 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered as Type 3 diabetes in which insulin resistance is the common cause of both diseases. Disruption of insulin signaling cascade and insulin resistance can induce AD; and central insulin resistance causes systemic alterations in serum insulin, FBS levels, and lipid profile. Studies have shown that probiotics (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species) can be used as a nutritional approach to improve these metabolic changes. We assessed the probiotic effect (4 species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) on insulin resistance biomarkers in an experimental model of AD. Methods: A total of 60 rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) a control group without surgical and dietary intervention; (2) a controlprobiotics group receiving probiotics for 8 weeks, but not receiving any surgical intervention; (3) a group receiving a sham operation in which PBS was injected intrahippocampus but without dietary intervention; (4) an Alzheimer group for which Amyloid-ß (Aß) 1- 42 was injected intrahippocampus but without dietary intervention; (5) and an Alzheimer-probiotics group for which Aß1-42 was injected intrahippocampus and given 2g probiotics for 8 weeks. The FBS levels and lipid profile were measured by a calorimetric method, insulin levels were detected by an ELISA kit, and HOMA-IR was calculated using a formula. ANOVA (one way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni comparisons post hoc) was used to compare all the variables between groups. Results: Serum glucose, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR index increased in the Alzheimer group compared to the control (p<0.001), while probiotics decreased only insulin level and HOMA-IR index in AP group compared to Alzheimer group (p<0.001). Also, TG levels increased in the Alzheimer group (p<0.001), but no significant difference was detected between Alzheimer and Alzheimerprobiotics group. Conclusion: It seems that probiotics play an effective role in controlling glycemic status of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Athari Nik Azm
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayeri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Hematology Department, School of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kian Azami
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular-Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
With the coming of the "silver tsunami," expanding the knowledge about how various intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect the immune system in the elderly is timely and of immediate clinical need. The global population is increasing in age. By the year 2030, more than 20% of the population of the United States will be older than 65 years of age. This article focuses on how advanced age alters the immune systems and how this, in turn, modulates the ability of the aging lung to deal with infectious challenges from the outside world and from within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, GILIIP (GI, Liver and Innate Immunity Program), Graduate Program in Immunology, IMAGE (Investigations in Metabolism, Aging, Gender and Exercise), University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Mailstop #8620, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Devin M Boe
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, IMAGE, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brenda J Curtis
- Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mucosal Inflammation Program, IMAGE, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research Complex 2, Room 6018, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Takiishi T, Fenero CIM, Câmara NOS. Intestinal barrier and gut microbiota: Shaping our immune responses throughout life. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1373208. [PMID: 28956703 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1373208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is considered the largest immunological organ in the body having a central role in regulating immune homeostasis. Contrary to earlier belief, the intestinal epithelial barrier is not a static physical barrier but rather strongly interacts with the gut microbiome and cells of the immune system. This intense communication between epithelial cells, immune cells and microbiome will shape specific immune responses to antigens, balancing tolerance and effector immune functions. Recent studies indicate that composition of the gut microbiome affects immune system development and modulates immune mediators, which in turn affect the intestinal barrier. Moreover, dysbiosis may favor intestinal barrier disruption and could be related to increased susceptibility to certain diseases. This review will be focused on the development of the intestinal barrier and its function in host immune defense and how gut microbiome composition throughout life can affect this role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Takiishi
- a Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Camila Ideli Morales Fenero
- a Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- a Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo - SP , Brazil
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Gorczynski R, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Neumann D, Mach J, Rietschel E, Tersikh A, Ulmer A, Yu K, Zahringer U, Khatri I. An altered REDOX environment, assisted by over-expression of fetal hemoglobins, protects from inflammatory colitis and reduces inflammatory cytokine expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bordalo Tonucci L, Dos Santos KMO, De Luces Fortes Ferreira CL, Ribeiro SMR, De Oliveira LL, Martino HSD. Gut microbiota and probiotics: Focus on diabetes mellitus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2296-2309. [PMID: 26499995 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.934438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of gut microbiota has become an important area of research in several clinical conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Changes in the composition and/or metabolic activity of the gut microbiota can contribute to human health. Thus, this review discusses the effects of probiotics and gut microbiota on metabolic control in these individuals. Relevant studies were obtained from electronic databases such as PubMed/Medline and ISI Web of Science. The main probiotics used in these studies belonged to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The authors found seven randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials and 13 experimental studies directly related to the effect of probiotics on metabolic control in the context of T2DM. The hypothesis that gut microbiota plays a role in the development of diabetes indicates an important beginning, and the potential of probiotics to prevent and reduce the severity of T2DM is better observed in animal studies. In clinical trials, the use of probiotics in glycemic control presented conflicting results, and only few studies have attempted to evaluate factors that justify metabolic changes, such as markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and incretins. Thus, further research is needed to assess the effects of probiotics in the metabolism of diabetic individuals, as well as the main mechanisms involved in this complex relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Bordalo Tonucci
- a Department of Health and Nutrition , Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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A three-stage continuous culture approach to study the impact of probiotics, prebiotics and fat intake on faecal microbiota relevant to an over 60 s population. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Gudkov AV, Komarova EA. p53 and the Carcinogenicity of Chronic Inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:cshperspect.a026161. [PMID: 27549311 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major cancer predisposition factor. Constitutive activation of the inflammation-driving NF-κB pathway commonly observed in cancer or developed in normal tissues because of persistent infections or endogenous tissue irritating factors, including products of secretion by senescent cells accumulating with age, markedly represses p53 functions. In its turn, p53 acts as a suppressor of inflammation helping to keep it within safe limits. The antagonistic relationship between p53 and NF-κB is controlled by multiple mechanisms and reflects cardinal differences in organismal responses to intrinsic and extrinsic cell stresses driven by these two transcription factors, respectively. This provides an opportunity for developing drugs to treat diseases associated with inappropriate activity of either p53 or NF-κB through targeting the opposing pathway. Several drug candidates of this kind are currently in clinical testing. These include anticancer small molecules capable of simultaneous suppression of p53 and activation of NF-κB and NF-κB-activating biologics that counteract p53-mediated pathologies associated with systemic genotoxic stresses such as acute radiation syndrome and side effects of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Elena A Komarova
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
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Kumar M, Babaei P, Ji B, Nielsen J. Human gut microbiota and healthy aging: Recent developments and future prospective. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2016; 4:3-16. [PMID: 28035338 PMCID: PMC5166512 DOI: 10.3233/nha-150002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota alters with the aging process. In the first 2-3 years of life, the gut microbiota varies extensively in composition and metabolic functions. After this period, the gut microbiota demonstrates adult-like more stable and diverse microbial species. However, at old age, deterioration of physiological functions of the human body enforces the decrement in count of beneficial species (e.g. Bifidobacteria) in the gut microbiota, which promotes various gut-related diseases (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease). Use of plant-based diets and probiotics/prebiotics may elevate the abundance of beneficial species and prevent gut-related diseases. Still, the connections between diet, microbes, and host are only partially known. To this end, genome-scale metabolic modeling can help to explore these connections as well as to expand the understanding of the metabolic capability of each species in the gut microbiota. This systems biology approach can also predict metabolic variations in the gut microbiota during ageing, and hereby help to design more effective probiotics/prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Parizad Babaei
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liu Y, Gibson GR, Walton GE. An In Vitro Approach to Study Effects of Prebiotics and Probiotics on the Faecal Microbiota and Selected Immune Parameters Relevant to the Elderly. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162604. [PMID: 27612304 PMCID: PMC5017648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process leads to alterations of gut microbiota and modifications to the immune response, such changes may be associated with increased disease risk. Prebiotics and probiotics can modulate microbiome changes induced by aging; however, their effects have not been directly compared. The aim of this study was to use anaerobic batch culture fermenters to assess the impact of various fermentable carbohydrates and microorganisms on the gut microbiota and selected immune markers. Elderly volunteers were used as donors for these experiments to enable relevance to an aging population. The impact of fermentation supernatants on immune markers relevant to the elderly were assessed in vitro. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α in peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture supernatants were measured using flow cytometry. Trans-galactooligosaccharides (B-GOS) and inulin both stimulated bifidobacteria compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Fermentation supernatants taken from faecal batch cultures supplemented with B-GOS, inulin, B. bifidum, L. acidophilus and Ba. coagulans inhibited LPS induced TNF-α (p<0.05). IL-10 production, induced by LPS, was enhanced by fermentation supernatants from faecal batch cultures supplemented with B-GOS, inulin, B. bifidum, L. acidophilus, Ba. coagulans and Bac. thetaiotaomicron (p<0.05). To conclude, prebiotics and probiotics could lead to potentially beneficial effects to host health by targeting specific bacterial groups, increasing saccharolytic fermentation and decreasing inflammation associated with aging. Compared to probiotics, prebiotics led to greater microbiota modulation at the genus level within the fermenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma E. Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Odamaki T, Kato K, Sugahara H, Hashikura N, Takahashi S, Xiao JZ, Abe F, Osawa R. Age-related changes in gut microbiota composition from newborn to centenarian: a cross-sectional study. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:90. [PMID: 27220822 PMCID: PMC4879732 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the composition of human gut microbiota changes with age; however, few studies have used molecular techniques to investigate the long-term, sequential changes in gut microbiota composition. In this study, we investigated the sequential changes in gut microbiota composition in newborn to centenarian Japanese subjects. RESULTS Fecal samples from 367 healthy Japanese subjects between the ages of 0 and 104 years were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of amplicons derived from the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Analysis based on bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs) defined by Kendall correlations between genera revealed that certain transition types of microbiota were enriched in infants, adults, elderly individuals and both infant and elderly subjects. More positive correlations between the relative abundances of genera were observed in the elderly-associated CAGs compared with the infant- and adult-associated CAGs. Hierarchical Ward's linkage clustering based on the abundance of genera indicated five clusters, with median (interquartile range) ages of 3 (0-35), 33 (24-45), 42 (32-62), 77 (36-84) and 94 (86-98) years. Subjects were predominantly clustered with their matched age; however, some of them fell into mismatched age clusters. Furthermore, clustering based on the proportion of transporters predicted by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) showed that subjects were divided into two age-related groups, the adult-enriched and infant/elderly-enriched clusters. Notably, all the drug transporters based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology groups were found in the infant/elderly-enriched cluster. CONCLUSION Our results indicate some patterns and transition points in the compositional changes in gut microbiota with age. In addition, the transporter property prediction results suggest that nutrients in the gut might play an important role in changing the gut microbiota composition with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Sugahara
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nanami Hashikura
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Takahashi
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Food Ingredients & Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Sarmiento-Aguilar A. Mild clinical behaviour of Crohn disease in elderly patients in a Latin American country: A case-control study. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 29:435-9. [PMID: 25996614 PMCID: PMC4699598 DOI: 10.1155/2015/473726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn disease is characterized by fluctuating clinical behaviour, which is influenced by various factors. There are no data from Latin America that evaluate the clinical behaviour of Crohn disease in elderly patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical course of elderly onset Crohn disease compared with younger onset in the Mexican population. METHODS The present analysis was a case-control study that included 132 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of Crohn disease between 1983 and 2013 in an inflammatory bowel disease clinic of a tertiary care centre. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17 (IBM Corporation, USA) and descriptive statistics, χ2 and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t test for numerical variables. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify associated risk factors and OR was calculated. RESULTS A total of 132 patients (73 men and 59 women) were divided into two groups according to age at diagnosis: 27 cases (>60 years of age) and 105 controls (≤60 years of age). Factors influencing the clinical course of Crohn disease in the elderly were: female sex (OR 2.55 [95% CI 1.06 to 6.10]; P=0.02); colonic location (OR 0.22 [95% CI 0.03 to 0.89]; P=0.02); mild clinical behaviour of disease (OR 10.08 [95% CI 3.74 to 27.17]; P=0.0001); response to medical treatment (OR 2.85 [95% CI 1.08 to 7.48]; P=0.02); frequent use of sulfasalazine (OR 4.46 [95% CI 1.22 to 16.28]; P=0.03); less use of azathioprine (OR 0.38 [95% CI 0.13 to 1.03]; P=0.04); and long-term remission (OR 4.96 [95% CI 1.70 to 14.48]; P=0.002). CONLCUSION Elderly patients with Crohn disease had a mild clinical course characterized by the lack of escalation to immunosuppressive and anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy, as well as long-term remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús K Yamamoto-Furusho
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pan American Crohns and Colitis Organisation (PANCCO)
| | - Andrea Sarmiento-Aguilar
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Taleban S, Colombel JF, Mohler MJ, Fain MJ. Inflammatory bowel disease and the elderly: a review. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:507-15. [PMID: 25870198 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease among the elderly is common, with growing incident and prevalence rates. Compared with younger IBD patients, genetics contribute less to the pathogenesis of older-onset IBD, with dysbiosis and dysregulation of the immune system playing a more significant role. Diagnosis may be difficult in older individuals, as multiple other common diseases can mimic IBD in this population. The clinical manifestations in older-onset IBD are distinct, and patients tend to have less of a disease trajectory. Despite multiple effective medical and surgical treatment strategies for adults with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, efficacy studies typically have excluded older subjects. A rapidly ageing population and increasing rates of Crohn's and ulcerative colitis make the paucity of data in older adults with IBD an increasingly important clinical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Taleban
- Department of Medicine, University of Arisona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - M Jane Mohler
- Department of Medicine, University of Arisona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA Arisona Center on Aging, University of Arisona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mindy J Fain
- Department of Medicine, University of Arisona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA Arisona Center on Aging, University of Arisona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Treatment strategies and outcomes of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) with characterization of patients: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 44:568-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pérez Martínez G, Bäuerl C, Collado MC. Understanding gut microbiota in elderly's health will enable intervention through probiotics. Benef Microbes 2015; 5:235-46. [PMID: 24889891 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Today, advances in the public health system of most countries have managed to extend notably life expectancy, however, elderly's health remain as a very serious concern. The lifelong stimulation of innate and adaptive immune systems leads to immunosenescence and, as result, to a low ability to produce immunoglobulins against pathogens but also to a low-grade chronic inflammatory state (inflammaging) that is linked to most age-related health problems, such as dementia, Alzheimer or atherosclerosis. This inflammatory state could make the host more sensitive to intestinal microbes, or vice versa, as changes in the gut microbiota composition are related to the progression of diseases and frailty in the elderly population. It was considered that gut microbiota changed during aging, with an increase of Bacteroidetes vs. Firmicutes proportion and a reduction of bifidobacterial counts, however recent studies reported a great inter-individual variation among elderly and a significant relationship between gut microbiota, diet and institution or community living. Intervention studies of probiotics and prebiotics in elderly are not very abundant, but most cases showed that Bifidobacterium populations can efficiently be stimulated with a concomitant decrease of Enterobacteria. Furthermore, also some studies demonstrated that probiotics decreased the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines which are upregulated in the elderly, such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor ?, among others, and they increased the levels of activated lymphocytes, natural killer cells, phagocytic activity and even showed a greater response to influenza vaccination. This suggests that direct manipulation of the gut microbiota may improve adaptive immune response and reduce inflammatory secretions, therefore compensating immunosenescence effects, however, there are no records of their effect on clinical symptoms or risk for disease. Those facts reveal that this is an open research field with very good scientific perspectives and above all they could bring likely improvements in the wellbeing of our seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pérez Martínez
- Laboratory of Lactic acid bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - C Bäuerl
- Laboratory of Lactic acid bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - M C Collado
- Laboratory of Lactic acid bacteria and Probiotics, Department of Food Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
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Chen S, Liu H, Su N, Zhang G, Wang L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells promote age-related increase of lung cancer growth via B7-H1. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:84-91. [PMID: 25479230 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in aged hosts contribute to the age-related increase of susceptibility to murine breast adenocarcinoma and co-stimulatory molecules expressed in MDSCs are essential for MDSCs-mediated immune suppression. However, the co-stimulatory molecules that exert a direct effect on MDSCs-mediated age-dependent tumor susceptibility and the regulatory mechanism of their expression remain unclear. In the present study, we found that accumulation of MDSCs in aged mice was closely correlated with age-dependent enhanced growth of lung cancer. Further analysis revealed that B7-H1 was highly expressed in the MDSCs of 18-month but not in 2-month old mice. Accordingly, inhibition of B7-H1 with B7-H1 specific antibody significantly reactivated T cells and reduced the tumor progression mediated by MDSCs. In addition, IL-10 released from 18-month old mice stimulated the expression of B7-H1 on MDSCs. These results suggest that B7-H1 expressed on MDSCs is a novel target for reducing lung cancer susceptibility as the age increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Chen
- Special Procurement Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Special Procurement Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Su
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Special Procurement Ward, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Müller L, Pawelec G. Aging and immunity - impact of behavioral intervention. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 39:8-22. [PMID: 24315935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to pathogens to which they were not previously exposed are commonly less effective in elderly people than in young adults, whereas those to agents previously encountered and overcome in earlier life may be amplified. This is reflected in the robust finding in many studies that the proportions and numbers of naïve B and T cells are lower and memory cells higher in the elderly. In addition to the "extrinsic" effects of pathogen exposure, "intrinsic" events such as age-associated differences in haematopoeitic stem cells and their niches in the bone marrow associated with differences in cell maturation and output to the periphery are also observed. In the case of T cells, the "intrinsic" process of thymic involution, beginning before puberty, further contributes to reducing the production of naïve T cells. Like memory T cell populations, innate immune cells may be increased in number but decreased in efficacy on a per-cell basis. Thus, superimposed on chronological age alone, remodelling of immunity as a result of interactions with the environment over the life course is instrumental in shaping immune status in later life. In addition to interactions with pathogens, host microbiome and nutrition, exercise and stress, and many other extrinsic factors are crucial modulators of this "immunosenescence" process. In this review, we briefly outline the observed immune differences between younger and older people, and discuss the possible impacts of behavioral variations thereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Müller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Lentzeallee 94, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
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