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Shaaban S, Althikrallah HA, Negm A, Abo Elmaaty A, Al-Karmalawy AA. Repurposed organoselenium tethered amidic acids as apoptosis inducers in melanoma cancer via P53, BAX, caspases-3, 6, 8, 9, BCL-2, MMP2, and MMP9 modulations. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18576-18587. [PMID: 38860260 PMCID: PMC11164031 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02944e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoselenium (OSe) agents hold promise for preventing cancer due to their potential ability to fight cancer development and protect cells from oxidative damage. Herein, OSe-based maleanilic and succinanilic acids were tested to estimate their antitumor activities against fifteen cancer cell lines. Besides, their potential safety and selectivity were further investigated against two normal cell lines, namely, human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and olfactory ensheathing cell line (OEC) using the growth inhibition percentage (GI%) assay. Moreover, the apoptotic potential of the superior anticancer candidates (8, 9, 10, and 11) was evaluated against P53, BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-6, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, BCL-2, MMP2, and MMP9 apoptotic markers. Additionally, to enhance our understanding and predict the inhibitory potential of the examined compounds as potential anticancer agents, a thorough structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted. On the other hand, molecular docking and ADMET studies were performed for the examined candidates as well. Overall, our findings point to significant anticancer activities of the organoselenium tethered amidic acids, suggesting their promising cytotoxic potential as effective anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University 35516 Mansoura Egypt
| | - Hanan A Althikrallah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University Port Said 42511 Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt New Damietta 34518 Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University 6th of October City Giza 12566 Egypt
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2
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Abdel-Motaal M, Aldakhili DA, Abo Elmaaty A, Sharaky M, Mourad MAE, Alzahrani AYA, Mohamed NA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design and synthesis of novel tetrabromophthalimide derivatives as potential tubulin inhibitors endowed with apoptotic induction for cancer treatment. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22197. [PMID: 38751223 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Although various approaches exist for treating cancer, chemotherapy continues to hold a prominent role in the management of this disease. Besides, microtubules serve as a vital component of the cellular skeleton, playing a pivotal role in the process of cell division making it an attractive target for cancer treatment. Hence, the scope of this work was adapted to design and synthesize new anti-tubulin tetrabromophthalimide hybrids (3-17) with colchicine binding site (CBS) inhibitory potential. The conducted in vitro studies showed that compound 16 displayed the lowest IC50 values (11.46 µM) at the FaDu cancer cell lines, whereas compound 17 exhibited the lowest IC50 value (13.62 µM) at the PC3 cancer cell line. However, compound 7b exhibited the lowest IC50 value (11.45 µM) at the MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 17 was observed to be the superior antitumor candidate against all three tested cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, PC3, and FaDu) with IC50 values of 17.22, 13.15, and 13.62 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 17 showed a well-established upregulation of apoptotic markers (Caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9, Bax, and P53). Moreover, compound 17 induced downregulation of the antiapoptotic markers (MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2). Furthermore, the colchicine binding site inhibition assay showed that compounds 15a and 17 exhibited particularly significant inhibitory potentials, with IC50 values of 23.07 and 4.25 µM, respectively, compared to colchicine, which had an IC50 value of 3.89 µM. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was conducted, showing that compound 17 could prompt cell cycle arrest at both the G0-G1 and G2-M phases. On the other hand, a molecular docking approach was applied to investigate the binding interactions of the examined candidates compared to colchicine towards CBS of the β-tubulin subunit. Thus, the synthesized tetrabromophthalimide hybrids can be regarded as outstanding anticancer candidates with significant apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdel-Motaal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Aldakhili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - Mai A E Mourad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Y A Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Amorim AMB, Piochi LF, Gaspar AT, Preto AJ, Rosário-Ferreira N, Moreira IS. Advancing Drug Safety in Drug Development: Bridging Computational Predictions for Enhanced Toxicity Prediction. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38758610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The attrition rate of drugs in clinical trials is generally quite high, with estimates suggesting that approximately 90% of drugs fail to make it through the process. The identification of unexpected toxicity issues during preclinical stages is a significant factor contributing to this high rate of failure. These issues can have a major impact on the success of a drug and must be carefully considered throughout the development process. These late-stage rejections or withdrawals of drug candidates significantly increase the costs associated with drug development, particularly when toxicity is detected during clinical trials or after market release. Understanding drug-biological target interactions is essential for evaluating compound toxicity and safety, as well as predicting therapeutic effects and potential off-target effects that could lead to toxicity. This will enable scientists to predict and assess the safety profiles of drug candidates more accurately. Evaluation of toxicity and safety is a critical aspect of drug development, and biomolecules, particularly proteins, play vital roles in complex biological networks and often serve as targets for various chemicals. Therefore, a better understanding of these interactions is crucial for the advancement of drug development. The development of computational methods for evaluating protein-ligand interactions and predicting toxicity is emerging as a promising approach that adheres to the 3Rs principles (replace, reduce, and refine) and has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this review, we present a thorough examination of the latest breakthroughs in drug toxicity prediction, highlighting the significance of drug-target binding affinity in anticipating and mitigating possible adverse effects. In doing so, we aim to contribute to the development of more effective and secure drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M B Amorim
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-UC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB─Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- PURR.AI, Rua Pedro Nunes, IPN Incubadora, Ed C, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luiz F Piochi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-UC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB─Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana T Gaspar
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-UC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB─Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J Preto
- CNC-UC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB─Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nícia Rosário-Ferreira
- CNC-UC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB─Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irina S Moreira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-UC─Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB─Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Faulstich L, Wollenweber S, Reinhardt-Imjela C, Arendt R, Schulte A, Hollert H, Schiwy S. Ecotoxicological evaluation of surface waters in Northern Namibia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:456. [PMID: 38630192 PMCID: PMC11024038 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The increasing pressure on freshwater systems due to intensive anthropogenic use is a big challenge in central-northern Namibia and its catchment areas, the Kunene and the Kavango Rivers, and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, that provide water for more than 1 million people. So far, there is no comprehensive knowledge about the ecological status and only few knowledge about the water quality. Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the state of the ecosystem and the ecological effects of pollutants to ensure the safe use of these resources. The surface waters of the three systems were sampled, and three bioassays were applied on three trophic levels: algae, daphnia, and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to analyze mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation), dioxin-like potential (micro-EROD), and estrogenicity (YES) by mechanism-specific effects. The results show that acute toxicity to fish embryos and daphnia has mainly been detected at all sites in the three catchment areas. The systems differ significantly from each other, with the sites in the Iishana system showing the highest acute toxicity. At the cellular level, only weak effects were identified, although these were stronger in the Iishana system than in the two perennial systems. Algae growth was not inhibited, and no cytotoxic effects could be detected in any of the samples. Mutagenic effects and an estrogenic potential were detected at three sites in the Iishana system. These findings are critical in water resource management as the effects can adversely impact the health of aquatic ecosystems and the organisms within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faulstich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | | - R Arendt
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Schulte
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Hollert
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Schiwy
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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5
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Aleksandrova YI, Shurpik DN, Nazmutdinova VA, Zelenikhin PV, Subakaeva EV, Sokolova EA, Leonteva YO, Mironova AV, Kayumov AR, Petrovskii VS, Potemkin II, Stoikov II. Antibacterial Activity of Various Morphologies of Films Based on Guanidine Derivatives of Pillar[5]arene: Influence of the Nature of One Substitute on Self-assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17163-17181. [PMID: 38530408 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The progress of the pillar[5]arene chemistry allowed us to set out a new concept on application of the supramolecular assemblies to create antimicrobial films with variable surface morphologies and biological activities. Antibacterial films were derived from the substituted pillar[5]arenes containing nine pharmacophoric guanidine fragments and one thioalkyl substituent. Changing the only thioalkyl fragment in the macrocycle structure made it possible to control the biological activity of the resulting antibacterial coating. Pretreatment of the surface with aqueous solution of the amphiphilic pillar[5]arenes reduced the biofilm thickness by 56 ± 10% of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus in the case of the pillar[5]arene containing a thiooctyl fragment and by 52 ± 7% for the biofilm of Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae in the case of pillar[5]arene containing a thiooctadecyl fragment. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized macrocycles was examined at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, which was significantly lower than that of bis-guanidine-based antimicrobial preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia I Aleksandrova
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitriy N Shurpik
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Viktoriya A Nazmutdinova
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Zelenikhin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya V Subakaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya A Sokolova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia O Leonteva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anna V Mironova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Airat R Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav S Petrovskii
- Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina 4, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan I Stoikov
- A. M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kremlevskaya Street, 18, Kazan, Russian Federation
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6
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Zeiger E, Mitchell CA, Pfuhler S, Liao Y, Witt KL. Within-laboratory reproducibility of Ames test results: Are repeat tests necessary? ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:116-120. [PMID: 38651401 DOI: 10.1002/em.22597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The Ames test is required by regulatory agencies worldwide for assessing the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of chemical compounds. This test uses several strains of bacteria to evaluate mutation induction: positive results in the assay are predictive of rodent carcinogenicity. As an initial step to understanding how well the assay may detect mutagens present as constituents of complex mixtures such as botanical extracts, a cross-sector working group examined the within-laboratory reproducibility of the Ames test using the extensive, publicly available National Toxicology Program (NTP) Ames test database comprising more than 3000 distinct test articles, most of which are individual chemicals. This study focused primarily on NTP tests conducted using the standard Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline 471 preincubation test protocol with 10% rat liver S9 for metabolic activation, although 30% rat S9 and 10 and 30% hamster liver S9 were also evaluated. The reproducibility of initial negative responses in all strains with and without 10% S9, was quite high, ranging from 95% to 99% with few exceptions. The within-laboratory reproducibility of initial positive responses for strains TA98 and TA100 with and without 10% rat liver S9 was ≥90%. Similar results were seen with hamster S9. As expected, the reproducibility of initial equivocal responses was lower, <50%. These results will provide context for determining the optimal design of recommended test protocols for use in screening both individual chemicals and complex mixtures, including botanicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol Zeiger
- Errol Zeiger Consulting, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Yang Liao
- Cencora PharmaLex, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristine L Witt
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Fischer BC, Musengi Y, König J, Sachse B, Hessel-Pras S, Schäfer B, Kneuer C, Herrmann K. Matrine and Oxymatrine: evaluating the gene mutation potential using in silico tools and the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test). Mutagenesis 2024; 39:32-42. [PMID: 37877816 PMCID: PMC10851102 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gead032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The quinolizidine alkaloids matrine and its N-oxide oxymatrine occur in plants of the genus Sophora. Recently, matrine was sporadically detected in liquorice products. Morphological similarity of the liquorice plant Glycyrrhiza glabra with Sophora species and resulting confusion during harvesting may explain this contamination, but use of matrine as pesticide has also been reported. The detection of matrine in liquorice products raised concern as some studies suggested a genotoxic activity of matrine and oxymatrine. However, these studies are fraught with uncertainties, putting the reliability and robustness into question. Another issue was that Sophora root extracts were usually tested instead of pure matrine and oxymatrine. The aim of this work was therefore to determine whether matrine and oxymatrine have potential for causing gene mutations. In a first step and to support a weight-of-evidence analysis, in silico predictions were performed to improve the database using expert and statistical systems by VEGA, Leadscope (Instem®), and Nexus (Lhasa Limited). Unfortunately, the confidence levels of the predictions were insufficient to either identify or exclude a mutagenic potential. Thus, in order to obtain reliable results, the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) was carried out in accordance with OECD Test Guideline 471. The test set included the plate incorporation and the preincubation assay. It was performed with five different bacterial strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. Neither matrine nor oxymatrine induced a significant increase in the number of revertants under any of the selected experimental conditions. Overall, it can be concluded that matrine and oxymatrine are unlikely to have a gene mutation potential. Any positive findings with Sophora extracts in the Ames test may be related to other components. Notably, the results also indicated a need to extend the application domain of respective (Q)SAR tools to secondary plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Christian Fischer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yemurai Musengi
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeannette König
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Sachse
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Kneuer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Herrmann
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Pesticides Safety, 10589 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Shirato M, Takida Y, Kanno T, Matsuura H, Niwano Y, Minamide H, Nakamura K. Mutagenicity assessment of high-power 1.6-THz pulse laser radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:146-158. [PMID: 37477119 DOI: 10.1111/php.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of terahertz (THz) radiation has been studied in medicine. However, there is a lack of scientific information regarding its possible mutagenicity. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the mutagenicity of 1.6 THz laser irradiation. The Ames test was conducted using five bacterial tester strains. The bacteria were subjected to (i) 1.6 THz laser irradiation at 3.8 mW/cm2 for 60 min using a tabletop THz pulse laser system, (ii) ultraviolet irradiation, (iii) treatment with positive control chemicals (positive control) or (iv) treatment with the solvent used in the positive control (negative control). After treatment, the bacterial suspensions were cultured on minimal glucose agar to determine the number of revertant colonies. In addition, the comet assay was performed using fibroblasts (V79) to assess possible DNA damage caused by the THz laser irradiation. The Ames test demonstrated that the THz laser irradiation did not increase the number of revertant colonies compared to that in the negative control group, whereas the ultraviolet irradiation and positive control treatment increased the number of revertant colonies. Thus, 1.6 THz laser irradiation is unlikely to be mutagenic. The comet assay additionally suggests that the THz laser irradiation unlikely induce cellular DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Shirato
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuma Takida
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kanno
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Taroncher M, Fuentes C, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ. Assessment of the genotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by T-2 mycotoxin in HepG2 cells. Toxicology 2024; 501:153712. [PMID: 38128774 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The T-2 toxin is a mycotoxin produced by molds belonging to Fusarium. Among the Fusarium mycotoxins, trichothecenes are frequently reported in food and feed, being the T-2 toxin (T-2) the mycotoxin which possesses the highest toxicity. According to EFSA, T-2 is found in various cereal grains used in food and feed products, mainly in oats, and it has a high environmental impact due to its mechanisms of toxicity. However, recent information on its genotoxic and mutagenic effects is lacking. This work aimed to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of T-2 in vitro. For this purpose, HepG2 cells were exposed to 15, 30, and 60 nM T-2 for 24 h, then the DNA damage was evaluated by the micronucleus and the comet assays. In addition, point mutation analysis was performed by the bacterial reverse mutation test using 0.15-60 nM of T-2 concentrations. The results showed chromosomal damage at 60 nM T-2 since significantly more MN appeared at this concentration than in the control samples. Regarding the comet assay, DNA double helix breaks appeared at all concentrations tested and, in a concentration-dependent manner. However, no mutagenic effects were observed at any of the concentrations tested for the Salmonella typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, or the Escherichia coli (E. Coli) WP2 strain in the absence or presence of a metabolic activation system. Therefore, these results showed that T-2 mycotoxin produced genotoxic effects by MN and comet assay, while no mutagenicity was observed. However, further research simulating different metabolic activation pathways and the combined exposure of this mycotoxin with other mutagenic chemicals that could be present in the diet is necessary to discard the mutagenic potential of T-2 fully. These results highlight the carcinogenic potential and danger associated with T-2 exposure and should be considered to prevent associated food risks for the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox). Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Cristina Fuentes
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox). Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox). Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox). Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
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10
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Forsten E, Finger M, Scholand T, Deitert A, Kauffmann K, Büchs J. Inoculum cell count influences separation efficiency and variance in Ames plate incorporation and Ames RAMOS test. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167035. [PMID: 37709100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The Ames test is one of the most applied tools in mutagenicity testing of chemicals ever since its introduction by Ames et al. in the 1970s. Its principle is based on histidine auxotrophic bacteria that regain prototrophy through reverse mutations. In the presence of a mutagen, more reverse mutations occur that become visible as increased bacterial growth on medium without histidine. Many miniaturized formats of the Ames test have emerged to enable the testing of environmental water samples, increase experimental throughput, and lower the required amounts of test substances. However, most of these formats still rely on endpoint determinations. In contrast, the recently introduced Ames RAMOS test determines mutagenicity through online monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate. In this study, the oxygen transfer rate of Salmonella typhimurium TA100 during the Ames plate incorporation test was monitored and compared to the Ames RAMOS test to prove its validity further. Furthermore, the Ames RAMOS test in 96-well scale is newly introduced. For both the Ames plate incorporation and the Ames RAMOS test, the influence of the inoculum cell count on the negative control was highlighted: A lower inoculum cell count led to a higher coefficient of variation. However, a lower inoculum cell count also led to a higher separation efficiency in the Ames RAMOS test and, thus, to better detection of a mutagenic substance at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Forsten
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Finger
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Theresa Scholand
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Deitert
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira Kauffmann
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Biochemical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Lugo L, Venegas C, Guarin Trujillo E, Diaz Granados-Ramírez MA, Martin A, Vesga FJ, Pérez-Flórez A, Celis C. Ecotoxicology Evaluation of a Fenton-Type Process Catalyzed with Lamellar Structures Impregnated with Fe or Cu for the Removal of Amoxicillin and Glyphosate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7172. [PMID: 38131723 PMCID: PMC10743043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and pesticides, as well as various emerging contaminants that are present in surface waters, raise significant environmental concerns. Advanced oxidation processes, which are employed to eliminate these substances, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness. However, during the degradation process, by-products that are not completely mineralized are generated, posing a substantial risk to aquatic ecosystem organisms; therefore, it is crucial to assess effluent ecotoxicity following treatment. This study aimed to assess the toxicity of effluents produced during the removal of amoxicillin and glyphosate with a Fenton-type process using a laminar structure catalyzed with iron (Fe) and copper (Cu). The evaluation included the use of Daphnia magna, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Lactuca sativa, and mutagenicity testing was performed using strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium. Both treated and untreated effluents exhibited inhibitory effects on root growth in L. sativa, even at low concentrations ranging from 1% to 10% v/v. Similarly, negative impacts on the growth of algal cells of S. capricornutum were observed at concentrations as low as 0.025% v/v, particularly in cases involving amoxicillin-copper (Cu) and glyphosate with copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Notably, in the case of D. magna, mortality was noticeable even at concentrations of 10% v/v. Additionally, the treatment of amoxicillin with double-layer hydroxides of Fe and Cu resulted in mutagenicity (IM ≥ 2.0), highlighting the necessity to treat the effluent further from the advanced oxidation process to reduce ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lugo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Line in Environmental and Materials Technology (ITAM), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43–82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (L.L.); (A.M.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Camilo Venegas
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Microbiological Quality of Water and Sludge (CMAL), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (C.V.); (E.G.T.); (M.A.D.G.-R.); (F.-J.V.)
| | - Elizabeth Guarin Trujillo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Microbiological Quality of Water and Sludge (CMAL), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (C.V.); (E.G.T.); (M.A.D.G.-R.); (F.-J.V.)
| | - Maria Alejandra Diaz Granados-Ramírez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Microbiological Quality of Water and Sludge (CMAL), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (C.V.); (E.G.T.); (M.A.D.G.-R.); (F.-J.V.)
| | - Alison Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Line in Environmental and Materials Technology (ITAM), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43–82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (L.L.); (A.M.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Fidson-Juarismy Vesga
- Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Microbiological Quality of Water and Sludge (CMAL), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (C.V.); (E.G.T.); (M.A.D.G.-R.); (F.-J.V.)
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Flórez
- Department of Chemistry, Research Line in Environmental and Materials Technology (ITAM), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43–82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (L.L.); (A.M.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Crispín Celis
- Department of Chemistry, Research Line in Environmental and Materials Technology (ITAM), Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43–82, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (L.L.); (A.M.); (A.P.-F.)
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12
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Subakaeva E, Zelenikhin P, Sokolova E, Pergat A, Aleksandrova Y, Shurpik D, Stoikov I. The Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Pillar[5]arene with Streptocide Fragments. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2660. [PMID: 38140001 PMCID: PMC10747162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing problem of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials actualizes the development of new approaches to solve this challenge. Supramolecular chemistry tools can overcome the limited bacterial resistance and side effects of classical sulfonamides that hinder their use in therapy. Here, we synthesized a number of pillar[5]arenes functionalized with different substituents, determined their ability to self-association using DLS, and characterized antimicrobial properties against S. typhimurium, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, S. aureus via a resazurin test. Biofilm prevention concentration was calculated for an agent with established antimicrobial activity by the crystal-violet staining method. We evaluated the mutagenicity of the macrocycle using the Ames test and its ability to affect the viability of A549 and LEK cells in the MTT-test. It was shown that macrocycle functionalized with sulfonamide residues exhibited antimicrobial activity an order higher than pure streptocide and also revealed the ability to prevent biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The compound did not show mutagenic activity and exhibited low toxicity to eukaryotic cells. The obtained results allow considering modification of the macrocyclic platforms with classic antimicrobials as an opportunity to give them a "second life" and return to practice with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Subakaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Pavel Zelenikhin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Evgenia Sokolova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Arina Pergat
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 29, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Y.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 29, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Y.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Dmitriy Shurpik
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 29, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Y.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya, 29, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (A.P.); (Y.A.); (D.S.)
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13
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Omotola EO, Genthe B, Ndlela L, Olatunji OS. Evaluation of the probable synergistic toxicity of selected potentiated antiretroviral and antibiotics on some aquatic biomarker organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1489. [PMID: 37975952 PMCID: PMC10656311 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental effects of active pharmaceutical compounds (APCs) in the environment are not well characterized, hence the need for comprehensive evaluation. This study employed three bioassays using three organisms, namely, Allium cepa, Daphnia magna, and Salmonella typhimurium, in the ecotoxicity study of lone and a mixture of selected APCs, namely, lamivudine (L), an antiretroviral, and ciprofloxacin (C) and sulfamethoxazole (S), antibiotics, at a concentration range between 10 and 100 ppb, in order to evaluate the potential of the lone and ternary mixture to exert synergistic toxicity. Study results from exposure to lone APCs showed that the L, C, and S trio individually had fatal impacts on daphnids, with mortality rates of 100, 75, and 95%, respectively, after 48 h. Sulfamethoxazole showed a mutagenic tendency, with a mutation ratio (background/sample ratio) of 2.0. Lamivudine showed a lethal impact on the root length of A. cepa (p > 0.05, p = 3.60E-3). Further microscopic examination of the A. cepa root tip revealed chromosomal aberrations on exposure to each compound. The LCS-mix ecotoxicology bioassays indicated a synergistic effect on the daphnids, probably due to potentiation. Although the LCS mix had a cytotoxic effect (evidenced by the absence of bacteria colonies) on exposed TA 98 P450 Salmonella typhimurium strain, this effect was not observed in other bacterial strains. Microscopic examination of A. cepa exposed to the LCS-mix revealed an aberration in the mitotic stage of the cell. The impact of combination of the pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems was greater than when exposed to the tested individual pharmaceutical compounds. Study result showed that these compounds have tendencies to pose a higher risk to exposed living entities when in combined/potentiated forms, and this could lead to distortion of the regular functioning of the ecosystem, particularly bacterial and other microbial populations that are listed among primary producers of the aquatic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ogun State, PMB 2118, Ijebu Ode, Nigeria
| | - Bettina Genthe
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Luyanda Ndlela
- Natural Resources and the Environment Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
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14
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Menssen M. The calculation of historical control limits in toxicology: Do's, don'ts and open issues from a statistical perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 892:503695. [PMID: 37973293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
For reporting toxicology studies, the presentation of historical control data and the validation of the concurrent control group with respect to historical control limits have become requirements. However, many regulatory guidelines fail to define how such limits should be calculated and what kind of target value(s) they should cover. Hence, this manuscript is aimed to give a brief review on the methods for the calculation of historical control limits that are in use as well as on their theoretical background. Furthermore, this manuscript is aimed to identify open issues for the use of historical control limits that need to be discussed by the community. It seems that, even after 40 years of discussion, more issues remain open than solved, both, with regard to the available methodology as well as its implementation in user-friendly software. Since several of these topics equally apply to several research fields, this manuscript is addressed to all relevant stakeholders who deal with historical control data obtained from toxicological studies, regardless of their background or field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Menssen
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biostatistics, Herrenäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
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15
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Emma R, Fuochi V, Distefano A, Partsinevelos K, Rust S, Zadjali F, Al Tobi M, Zadjali R, Alharthi Z, Pulvirenti R, Furneri PM, Polosa R, Sun A, Caruso M, Li Volti G. Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: the REPLICA project. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17859. [PMID: 37903810 PMCID: PMC10616076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44626-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns have recently increased that the integrity of some scientific research is questionable due to the inability to reproduce the claimed results of some experiments and thereby confirm that the original researcher's conclusions were justified. This phenomenon has been described as 'reproducibility crisis' and affects various fields from medicine to basic applied sciences. In this context, the REPLICA project aims to replicate previously conducted in vitro studies on the toxicity of cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol, sometimes adding experiments or conditions where necessary, in order to verify the robustness and replicability of the data. In this work the REPLICA Team replicated biological and toxicological assessment published by Rudd and colleagues in 2020. As in the original paper, we performed Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assay for the evaluation of cytotoxicity, Ames test for the evaluation of mutagenesis and In Vitro Micronuclei (IVMN) assay for the evaluation of genotoxicity on cells treated with cigarette smoke or e-cigarette aerosol. The results showed high cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke, but slight or no cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects induced by the e-cigarette aerosol. Although the two studies presented some methodological differences, the findings supported those previously presented by Rudd and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Emma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Virginia Fuochi
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Partsinevelos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Sonja Rust
- ECLAT Srl, Spin Off of the University of Catania, Via. S Sofia 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C 123, P.O. Box 35, Khodh, Oman
| | - Mohammed Al Tobi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C 123, P.O. Box 35, Khodh, Oman
| | - Razan Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C 123, P.O. Box 35, Khodh, Oman
| | - Zaina Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.C 123, P.O. Box 35, Khodh, Oman
| | - Roberta Pulvirenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Pio Maria Furneri
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- ECLAT Srl, Spin Off of the University of Catania, Via. S Sofia 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ang Sun
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Massimo Caruso
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of Harm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
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16
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Martus HJ, Zeller A, Kirkland D. International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT): Origins, achievements and ambitions. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108469. [PMID: 37777464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past thirty years, the International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) became one of the leading groups in the field of regulatory genotoxicology, not only due to the diversity of participants with respect to geography and professional affiliation, but also due to the unique setup of recurring IWGT meetings every four years. The hallmarks of the IWGT process have been diligent initial planning approaches of the working groups, collection of data so as to stimulate data-driven discussions and debate, and striving to reach consensus recommendations. The scientific quality of the Working Groups (WGs) has been exceptional due to the selection of highly regarded experts on each topic. As a result, the IWGT working group reports have become important documents. The deliberations and publications have provided guidance on test systems and testing protocols that have influenced the development or revision of test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), guidance by the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), and strategic testing or data analysis approaches in general. This article summarizes the history of the IWGT, identifies some of its major achievements, and provides an outlook for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Kirkland
- Kirkland Consulting, P O Box 79, Tadcaster LS24 0AS, United Kingdom
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17
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Abd El-Lateef HM, Elmaaty AA, Abdel Ghany LMA, Abdel-Aziz MS, Zaki I, Ryad N. Design and Synthesis of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)Quinoline-4-Carbohydrazide Derivatives via Molecular Hybridization as Novel Microbial DNA-Gyrase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17948-17965. [PMID: 37251193 PMCID: PMC10210181 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial DNA gyrase is regarded as an outstanding microbial target. Hence, 15 new quinoline derivatives (5-14) were designed and synthesized. The antimicrobial activity of the afforded compounds was pursued via in vitro approaches. The investigated compounds displayed eligible MIC values, particularly against G-positive Staphylococcus aureus species. Consequently, an S. aureus DNA gyrase supercoiling assay was performed, using ciprofloxacin as a reference control. Obviously, compounds 6b and 10 unveiled IC50 values of 33.64 and 8.45 μM, respectively. Alongside, ciprofloxacin exhibited an IC50 value of 3.80 μM. Furthermore, a significant docking binding score was encountered by compound 6b (-7.73 kcal/mol), surpassing ciprofloxacin (-7.29 kcal/mol). Additionally, both compounds 6b and 10 revealed high GIT absorption without passing the blood brain barrier. Finally, the conducted structure-activity relationship study assured the usefulness of the hydrazine moiety as a molecular hybrid for activity either in cyclic or opened form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Lina M. A. Abdel Ghany
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug
Manufacturing, Misr University for Science
and Technology, 6th of
October City 3236101, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial
Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Islam Zaki
- Pharmaceutical
Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Noha Ryad
- Pharmaceutical
Organic Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for
Science and Technology, 6th of October
City, P.O. Box 77, Giza 3236101, Egypt
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18
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Zeiger E. Determination of a positive response in the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:250-258. [PMID: 36916210 DOI: 10.1002/em.22538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic toxicology tests are used to categorize substances as genotoxic and potentially carcinogenic. In general, test results are designated as mutagenic, not mutagenic, or inconclusive and, depending on its potential use and applicable regulations, a mutagenic result can restrict or remove a substance from further development, or assign limits to its use. In these tests, mutation responses form a continuum without a clear delineation between an increase over the background, untreated, mutant frequency and a frequency that would define the test substance as a mutagen and a potential carcinogenic hazard. This situation is illustrated using the Salmonella mutagenicity (Ames) test which is the initial, and often only, test used to characterize substances as mutagenic or nonmutagenic. It has its widest use by industry and regulatory authorities to identify potential carcinogens among chemicals in development. The OECD Test Guideline No. 471 has been adopted by regulatory agencies internationally, and describes the minimum requirements for a negative response, but does not provide a specific approach for evaluating the test data. The most widely used criterion for making yes-or-no mutagenicity decisions is a 2- or 3-fold increase over the background (solvent) mutant frequency. Other approaches rely on formal statistics and/or expert judgment. These approaches and recently proposed modifications are evaluated here. Recommendations are made that are in conformity with the OECD guideline and are based on biological relevance and the biology of the mutagenic response rather than on arbitrary decision points (e.g., ≥2-fold increase or p ≤ .05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol Zeiger
- Errol Zeiger Consulting, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Elagawany M, Elmaaty AA, Mostafa A, Abo Shama NM, Santali EY, Elgendy B, Al-Karmalawy AA. Ligand-based design, synthesis, computational insights, and in vitro studies of novel N-(5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)-carboxamido derivatives as potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2112-2132. [PMID: 35912578 PMCID: PMC9344964 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic provokes scientists to make a prompt development of new effective therapeutic interventions for the battle against SARS-CoV-2. A new series of N-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)-carboxamido derivatives were designed and synthesised based on the structural optimisation principle of the SARS-CoV Mpro co-crystallized WR1 inhibitor. Notably, compound 3b achieved the most promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with an IC50 value of 174.7 µg/mL. On the other hand, compounds 3a, 3b, and 3c showed very promising SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 4.67, 5.12, and 11.90 µg/mL, respectively. Compound 3b docking score was very promising (-6.94 kcal/mol) and its binding mode was nearly similar to that of WR1. Besides, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of compound 3b showed its great stability inside the binding pocket until around 40 ns. Finally, a very promising SAR was concluded to help to design more powerful SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elagawany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Noura M Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Y Santali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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20
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Cetin Aluc C, Gok B, Kecel-Gunduz S, Budama-Kilinc Y. Glycyrrhizic acid Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: anti-aging cosmeceutical formulation for topical applications. PeerJ 2022. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the components of licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). GA is a triterpenoid saponin can be used as a medicinal plant with its antiallergic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-oxidation activities and several other therapeutic properties. The aim of this study is to develop an anti-aging formulation for topical application containing GA. In this context, GA-loaded Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the double emulsion method, and were characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The efficacy of GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated with in vitro and in silico methods. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were calculated. The in vitro release study was conducted, and the GA release profile was determined. The genotoxic activity of GA and GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated by the Ames test using TA98 and TA100 mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The cytotoxic potential of GA-PLGA NPs was evaluated on the HaCaT cell line using the MTT assay. According to the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity results, it was found that the GA-PLGA NP formulation did not exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Moreover, the efficacy of GA in preventing UVB-induced photo-aging in HaCaT cells and the clarification of the molecular mechanism of GA binding to MMPs were revealed by molecular docking analysis. In addition, through molecular dynamics (MD) analysis, the binding interaction of GA with MMPs in a dynamic system, and protein-ligand stability were predicted as a result of 50 ns MD simulation studies considering various analysis parameters. Finally, it was evaluated that GA-PLGA nanoformulation might be used as an alternative anti-aging skin care product candidate via topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Cetin Aluc
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Abdi Ibrahim Pharmaceuticals, Abdi Ibrahim Production Facilities, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Bahar Gok
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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21
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Terpilowska S, Gluszek S, Czerwosz E, Wronka H, Firek P, Szmidt J, Suchanska M, Keczkowska J, Kaczmarska B, Kozlowski M, Diduszko R. Nano-Ag Particles Embedded in C-Matrix: Preparation, Properties and Application in Cell Metabolism. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5826. [PMID: 36079207 PMCID: PMC9457446 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of nano-Ag grains as antiviral and antibacterial materials is widely known since ancient times. The problem is the toxicity of the bulk or big-size grain materials. It is known that nano-sized silver grains affect human and animal cells in some medical treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of nano-Ag grains embedded in a carbonaceous matrix on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity in fibroblasts, and mutagenicity. The nanocomposite film is composed of silver nanograins embedded in a carbonaceous matrix and it was obtained via the PVD method by deposition from two separated sources of fullerenes and silver acetate powders. This method allows for the preparation of material in the form of a film or powder, in which Ag nanograins are stabilized by a carbon network. The structure and morphology of this material were studied using SEM/EDX, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. The toxicology studies were performed for various types of the material differing in the size of Ag nanograins. Furthermore, it was found that these properties, such as cell viability, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity, depend on Ag grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Terpilowska
- Jan Kochanowski University, Collegium Medicum, Department of Surgical Medicine with the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IX Wieków Kielc 19A Av., 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Gluszek
- Jan Kochanowski University, Collegium Medicum, Department of Surgical Medicine with the Laboratory of Medical Genetics, IX Wieków Kielc 19A Av., 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Czerwosz
- Institute of Micro- and OptoElectronics, Warsaw Technical University, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Halina Wronka
- Institute of Micro- and OptoElectronics, Warsaw Technical University, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Piotr Firek
- Institute of Micro- and OptoElectronics, Warsaw Technical University, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan Szmidt
- Institute of Micro- and OptoElectronics, Warsaw Technical University, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Suchanska
- Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Justyna Keczkowska
- Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaczmarska
- Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kozlowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Tele and Radio Research Institute, ul. Ratuszowa 11, 03-450 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ryszard Diduszko
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, ul. Wólczyńskiej 133, 01-919 Warszawa, Poland
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22
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Ezz Eldin RR, Saleh MA, Alotaibi MH, Alsuair RK, Alzahrani YA, Alshehri FA, Mohamed AF, Hafez SM, Althoqapy AA, Khirala SK, Amin MM, A. F Y, AbdElwahab AH, Alesawy MS, Elmaaty AA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Ligand-based design and synthesis of N'-Benzylidene-3,4-dimethoxybenzohydrazide derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents; evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches with SAR studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1098-1119. [PMID: 35430934 PMCID: PMC9037180 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2063282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rogy R. Ezz Eldin
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Hayal Alotaibi
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem K. Alsuair
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya A. Alzahrani
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras A. Alshehri
- National Center for Chemical Technologies, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany F. Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M. Hafez
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Ali Althoqapy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham K. Khirala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousuf A. F
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza H. AbdElwahab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Alesawy
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al‐Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
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23
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Comparative Analysis of Transcriptional Responses to Genotoxic and Non-Genotoxic Agents in the Blood Cell Model TK6 and the Liver Model HepaRG. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073420. [PMID: 35408779 PMCID: PMC8998745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcript signatures are a promising approach to identify and classify genotoxic and non-genotoxic compounds and are of interest as biomarkers or for future regulatory application. Not much data, however, is yet available about the concordance of transcriptional responses in different cell types or tissues. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic responses to selected genotoxic food contaminants in the human p53-competent lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 using RNA sequencing. Responses to treatment with five genotoxins, as well as with four non-genotoxic liver toxicants, were compared with previously published gene expression data from the human liver cell model HepaRG. A significant overlap of the transcriptomic changes upon genotoxic stress was detectable in TK6 cells, whereas the comparison with the HepaRG model revealed considerable differences, which was confirmed by bioinformatic data mining for cellular upstream regulators or pathways. Taken together, the study presents a transcriptomic signature for genotoxin exposure in the human TK6 blood cell model. The data demonstrate that responses in different cell models have considerable variations. Detection of a transcriptomic genotoxin signature in blood cells indicates that gene expression analyses of blood samples might be a valuable approach to also estimate responses to toxic exposure in target organs such as the liver.
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24
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Wang D, Schramm V, Pool J, Pardali E, Brandenburg A, Rietjens IMCM, Boogaard PJ. The effect of alkyl substitution on the oxidative metabolism and mutagenicity of phenanthrene. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1109-1131. [PMID: 35182162 PMCID: PMC8921064 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl-substituted PAHs may be present in certain petroleum-derived products and in the environment and may eventually end up in consumer products, such as foodstuffs, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Safety concerns over possible exposure to alkylated PAHs have emerged. Bioactivation is a prerequisite for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of PAHs and has been extensively studied for non-substituted PAHs, while data on the bioactivation of alkyl-substituted PAHs are scarce. The present study investigated the effect of alkyl substitution on the CYP 450-mediated metabolism of phenanthrene and eight of its alkylated congeners by quantifying metabolite formation in rat and human liver microsomal incubations. Furthermore, the mutagenicity of four selected methylated phenanthrenes was compared to that of phenanthrene using the Ames test. The obtained results support the hypothesis that alkyl substitution shifts the oxidative metabolism from the aromatic ring to the alkyl side chain. Increasing the length of the alkyl chain reduced overall metabolism with metabolic conversion for 1-n-dodecyl-phenanthrene (C12) being negligible. 1- and 9-methyl-phenanthrene, in which the methyl group generates an additional bay region-like structural motif, showed mutagenicity toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA 100, whereas phenanthrene and also 2- and 3-methyl-phenanthrene, without such an additional bay region-like structural motif, tested negative. It is concluded that the position of the alkylation affects the metabolism and resulting mutagenicity of phenanthrene with the mutagenicity increasing in cases where the alkyl substituent creates an additional bay region-like structural motif, in spite of the extra possibilities for side chain oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Viktoria Schramm
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Pool
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Pardali
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarijn Brandenburg
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Boogaard
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Hammoud MM, Nageeb AS, Morsi MA, Gomaa EA, Elmaaty AA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and SAR studies of novel cyclopentaquinoline derivatives as DNA intercalators, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and apoptotic inducers. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel cyclopentaquinoline derivatives as promising DNA intercalators, topoisomerase II inhibitors, and apoptotic inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Hammoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Nageeb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - M. A. Morsi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Esam A. Gomaa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
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26
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Hakura A, Awogi T, Shiragiku T, Ohigashi A, Yamamoto M, Kanasaki K, Oka H, Dewa Y, Ozawa S, Sakamoto K, Kato T, Yamamura E. Bacterial mutagenicity test data: collection by the task force of the Japan pharmaceutical manufacturers association. Genes Environ 2021; 43:41. [PMID: 34593056 PMCID: PMC8482598 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ames test is used worldwide for detecting the bacterial mutagenicity of chemicals. In silico analyses of bacterial mutagenicity have recently gained acceptance by regulatory agencies; however, current in silico models for prediction remain to be improved. The Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (JPMA) organized a task force in 2017 in which eight Japanese pharmaceutical companies had participated. The purpose of this task force was to disclose a piece of pharmaceutical companies’ proprietary Ames test data. Results Ames test data for 99 chemicals of various chemical classes were collected for disclosure in this study. These chemicals are related to the manufacturing process of pharmaceutical drugs, including reagents, synthetic intermediates, and drug substances. The structure-activity (mutagenicity) relationships are discussed in relation to structural alerts for each chemical class. In addition, in silico analyses of these chemicals were conducted using a knowledge-based model of Derek Nexus (Derek) and a statistics-based model (GT1_BMUT module) of CASE Ultra. To calculate the effectiveness of these models, 89 chemicals for Derek and 54 chemicals for CASE Ultra were selected; major exclusions were the salt form of four chemicals that were tested both in the salt and free forms for both models, and 35 chemicals called “known” positives or negatives for CASE Ultra. For Derek, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 65% (15/23), 71% (47/66), and 70% (62/89), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 50% (6/12), 60% (25/42), and 57% (31/54) for CASE Ultra, respectively. The ratio of overall disagreement between the CASE Ultra “known” positives/negatives and the actual test results was 11% (4/35). In this study, 19 out of 28 mutagens (68%) were detected with TA100 and/or TA98, and 9 out of 28 mutagens (32%) were detected with either TA1535, TA1537, WP2uvrA, or their combination. Conclusion The Ames test data presented here will help avoid duplicated Ames testing in some cases, support duplicate testing in other cases, improve in silico models, and enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of mutagenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41021-021-00206-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hakura
- Global Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Tokodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan.
| | - Takumi Awogi
- Manufacturing Process Development Department, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-18 Hiraishi-Ebisuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 771-0182, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shiragiku
- Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 771-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohigashi
- Process Chemistry Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki, 318-0001, Japan
| | - Mika Yamamoto
- Drug Safety Research Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanasaki
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Osaka, Toyonaka-shi, 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oka
- Toxicology Laboratory, Taiho pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-2 Ebisuno, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima, 771-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Dewa
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1848 Nogi, Nogi-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi, 329-0114, Japan
| | - Kouji Sakamoto
- Drug Safety, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403, Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, 331-9530, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama, 335-8505, Japan
| | - Eiji Yamamura
- Safety Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., 2-2-50 Kawagishi, Toda-shi, Saitama, 335-8505, Japan
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27
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Zhang X, Levia DF, Ebikade EO, Chang J, Vlachos DG, Wu C. The impact of differential lignin S/G ratios on mutagenicity and chicken embryonic toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:423-435. [PMID: 34448506 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignin and lignin-based materials have received considerable attention in various fields due to their promise as sustainable feedstocks. Guaiacol (G) and syringol (S) are two primary monolignols that occur in different ratios for different plant species. As methoxyphenols, G and S have been targeted as atmospheric pollutants and their acute toxicity examined. However, there is a rare understanding of the toxicological properties on other endpoints and mixture effects of these monolignols. To fill this knowledge gap, our study investigated the impact of different S/G ratios (0.5, 1, and 2) and three lignin depolymerization samples from poplar, pine, and miscanthus species on mutagenicity and developmental toxicity. A multitiered method consisted of in silico simulation, in vitro Ames test, and in vivo chicken embryonic assay was employed. In the Ames test, syringol showed a sign of mutagenicity, whereas guaiacol did not, which agreed with the T.E.S.T. simulation. For three S and G mixture and lignin monomers, mutagenic activity was related to the proportion of syringol. In addition, both S and G showed developmental toxicity in the chicken embryonic assay and T.E.S.T. simulation, and guaiacol had a severe effect on lipid peroxidation. A similar trend and comparable developmental toxicity levels were detected for S and G mixtures and the three lignin depolymerized monomers. This study provides data and insights on the differential toxicity of varying S/G ratios for some important building blocks for bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Delphis F Levia
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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28
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Kluxen FM, Weber K, Strupp C, Jensen SM, Hothorn LA, Garcin JC, Hofmann T. Using historical control data in bioassays for regulatory toxicology. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 125:105024. [PMID: 34364928 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historical control data (HCD) consist of pooled control group responses from bioassays. These data must be collected and are often used or reported in regulatory toxicology studies for multiple purposes: as quality assurance for the test system, to help identify toxicological effects and their effect-size relevance and to address the statistical multiple comparison problem. The current manuscript reviews the various classical and potential new approaches for using HCD. Issues in current practice are identified and recommendations for improved use and discussion are provided. Furthermore, stakeholders are invited to discuss whether it is necessary to consider uncertainty when using HCD formally and statistically in toxicological discussions and whether binary inclusion/exclusion criteria for HCD should be revised to a tiered information contribution to assessments. Overall, the critical value of HCD in toxicological bioassays is highlighted when used in a weight-of-evidence assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Signe M Jensen
- Department of Plant and Efoldnvironmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Genetic Toxicology and Safety Pharmacological Evaluation of Forsythin. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6610793. [PMID: 34239584 PMCID: PMC8233079 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6610793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Forsythin is the main ingredient of Forsythia suspensa and is widely used in treatment of fever, viral cold, gonorrhea, and ulcers clinically. This study aimed to evaluate the potential genetic toxicity of forsythin and its safety for human use. Methods Based on the Good Laboratory Practice regulations and test guidelines, the genetic toxicity of forsythin was assessed by the Ames test, chromosome aberration (CA) test, and bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test in vivo. In the Ames test, five strains of Salmonella typhimurium were exposed to different concentrations of forsythin in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture, and then, the number of His + revertant colonies was counted. In the CA test, Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells were treated with different concentrations of forsythin, mitomycin C, or cyclophosphamide in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture, and the chromosomal aberrations were determined. In the MN test, bone marrow was isolated from the mice with different treatments, and the ratios of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and erythrocytes (PCE/(PCE + NCE)) were measured. Finally, beagle dogs were divided into four groups (negative control, low dose, medium dose, and high dose groups), and then, a telemetry system was used to evaluate the safe use of forsythin. Results Ames test results showed that the number of colonies in all test strains with different treatments showed no significantly dose-dependent increase in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture (p > 0.05). In the CA test, the number of cells with aberrations in the CHL fibroblast cells treated with low, medium, and high doses of forsythin for 24/48 h in the absence of the S9 mixture was, respectively, 5.0/2.5, 4.5/1.5, and 5.0/5.0, and in the presence of the S9 mixture, the number was, respectively, 5.0, 5.0, and 4.5. These results showed that there was no significant difference compared to the negative control group either in the presence (2.0) or in the absence (4.0/2.5 for 24/48 h) of the S9 mixture (p > 0.05). The MN test showed that the values of PCE/(PCE + NCE) in the negative, positive controls, and forsythin treatment groups were all more than 20%, which indicated that forsythin had no cytotoxicity. Additionally, no significant toxicological effects of forsythin on blood pressure, respiration, temperature, electrocardiogram, and other physiological indicators in the conscious beagle dogs of different groups were observed by the telemetry method. Conclusion Our findings showed that forsythin has low probability of genetic toxicity and no significant toxicological effects, which implied that forsythin is suitable for further development and potential application.
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Meng F, Mei N, Yan J, Guo X, Richter PA, Chen T, De M. Comparative potency analysis of whole smoke solutions in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Mutagenesis 2021; 36:321-329. [PMID: 34131742 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geab021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term in vitro genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess whether new and emerging tobacco products potentially have reduced toxicity. We previously demonstrated that potency ranking by benchmark dose (BMD) analysis quantitatively identifies differences among several known carcinogens and toxic chemicals representing different chemical classes found in cigarette smoke. In this study, six whole smoke solution (WSS) samples containing both the particulate and gas phases of tobacco smoke were generated from two commercial cigarette brands under different smoking-machine regimens. Sixty test cigarettes of each brand were machine-smoked according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) puffing protocol. In addition, either 60 or 20 test cigarettes of each brand were machine-smoked with the Canadian Intense (CI) puffing protocol. All six WSSs were evaluated in the bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test using Salmonella typhimurium strains, in the presence or absence of S9 metabolic activation. The resulting S9-mediated mutagenic concentration-responses for the four WSSs from 60 cigarettes were then compared using BMD modeling analysis and the mutagenic potency expressed as number of revertants per μl of the WSS. The quantitative approaches resulted in a similar rank order of mutagenic potency for the Ames test in both TA98 and TA100. Under the conditions of this study, these results indicate that quantitative analysis of the Ames test data can discriminate between the mutagenic potencies of WSSs on the basis of smoking-machine regimen (ISO vs. CI), and cigarette product (differences in smoke chemistry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxue Meng
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.,7870 Reflection Cove Dr., Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Nan Mei
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Patricia A Richter
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Mamata De
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Brendt J, Crawford SE, Velki M, Xiao H, Thalmann B, Hollert H, Schiwy A. Is a liver comparable to a liver? A comparison of different rat-derived S9-fractions with a biotechnological animal-free alternative in the Ames fluctuation assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143522. [PMID: 33246726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has to be considered during the toxicological assessment of chemical and environmental samples because it is an important process in the mammalian liver. It can be assessed in vitro via liver homogenates called S9-fractions, an external metabolic activation system. However, the external metabolic activation systems can vary greatly in their composition due to biological variations among individual animals and animal strains that the S9-fraction are derived as well as the differences in the production treatment. To gain more insight into these variances, three different but commonly used rat-derived S9-fractions were compared in the present study for their variance and performance with a reference compound in the Ames fluctuation assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 according to ISO 11350. Severe shortcomings of conventional rat-derived S9-fractions were observed in the present study, such that S9-fractions differed significantly within the same rat strain and for different types of induction procedures in regards to the metabolic capability. An intrinsic mutagenic potential of the three rat-derived S9-fractions were identified in the Ames fluctuation assay with varying S9-fraction concentrations. To address some of the shortcomings of the animal-derived S9-fraction, the present study investigated the use and performance of a biotechnological, animal-free alternative, ewoS9R, in comparison to one of the rat-derived S9-fraction as the others showed a mutagenic potential themselves. Specifically, 12 different chemicals were used as a reference to determine if ewoS9R could serve as an adequate and more consistent replacement of traditional rat-derived metabolic activation systems: 8 pro-mutagenic compounds (i.e., require metabolic activation to show a mutagenic potential), one pro-mutagenic compound but not in the tested strains, one mutagenic compound without metabolic activation and two compounds that are equivocal in the literature. EwoS9R was evaluated as a promising approach in the Ames fluctuation assay with 5 compounds observed to have similar results with both rat-derived S9-fraction and ewoS9R (41%), for 3 compounds ewoS9R was a better metabolization system than the rat-derived S9-fraction (16%). Further research is necessary to determine the full potential of ewoS9R in comparison to rat-derived S9-fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brendt
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mirna Velki
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Beat Thalmann
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstrasse 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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32
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Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of a Dioscorea Rhizome water extract. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:385-393. [PMID: 34295802 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea Rhizome is commonly used in traditional herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver damage, neuropathy, and asthma. Here, we investigated the genotoxicity potential of D. Rhizome water extract (DRWE) using three standard battery systems in accordance with the test guidelines of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and Ministry of Food and Drug Safety as well as the principles of Good Laboratory Practice. A bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) was performed using the direct plate incorporation method in the presence or absence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mixture). The tester strains used included four histidine auxotrophic strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537, along with a tryptophan auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli, WP2 uvrA. An in vitro chromosome aberration test was performed using CHL/IU cells originally derived from the lung of a female Chinese hamster in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture. An in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test was performed using male ICR mice. The micronucleus was confirmed after observation of the micro-nucleated polychromatic. The Ames test showed that DRWE did not induce gene mutations at any dose level in any of the tested strains. Additionally, DRWE did not result in any chromosomal aberrations specified in the in vitro chromosomal aberration and in vivo micronucleus tests. These results showed that DRWE exhibited neither mutagenic nor clastogenic potential in either the in vitro or in vivo test systems.
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Dantas FGDS, Castilho PFD, Almeida-Apolonio AAD, Araújo RPD, Oliveira KMPD. Mutagenic potential of medicinal plants evaluated by the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay: A systematic review. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108338. [PMID: 33339578 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ames test has become one of the most commonly used tests to assess the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants since they have several biological activities and thus have been used in traditional medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry as a source of raw materials. Accordingly, this review aims to report previous use of the Ames test to evaluate the mutagenic potential of medicinal plants. A database was constructed by curating literature identified by a search on the electronic databases Medline (via Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1975 to April 2020, using the following terms: "genotoxicity tests" OR "mutagenicity tests" OR "Ames test" AND "medicinal plants." From the research, 239 articles were selected, including studies of 478 species distributed across 111 botanical families, with Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae being the most frequent. It was identified that 388 species were non-mutagenic. Of these, 21% (83/388) showed antimutagenic potential, most notable in the Lamiaceae family. The results also indicate that 18% (90/478) of the species were mutagenic, of which 54% were mutagenic in the presence and absence of S9. Strains TA98 and TA100 showed a sensitivity of 93% in detecting plant extracts with mutagenic potential. However, the reliability of many reviewed studies regarding the botanical extracts may be questioned due to technical issues, such as testing being performed only in the presence or absence of S9, use of maximum doses below 5 mg/plate and lack of information on the cytotoxicity of tested doses. These methodological aspects additionally demonstrated that a discussion about the doses used in research on mixtures, such as the ones assessed with botanical extracts and the most sensitive strains employed to detect the mutagenic potential, should be included in a possible update of the guidelines designed by the regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Pires de Araújo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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Snodin DJ. A Primer for Pharmaceutical Process Development Chemists and Analysts in Relation to Impurities Perceived to Be Mutagenic or “Genotoxic”. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Snodin
- Xiphora Biopharma Consulting, 9 Richmond Apartments, Redland Court Road, Bristol BS6 7BG, U.K
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Badolati N, Masselli R, Maisto M, Di Minno A, Tenore GC, Stornaiuolo M, Novellino E. Genotoxicity Assessment of Three Nutraceuticals Containing Natural Antioxidants Extracted from Agri-Food Waste Biomasses. Foods 2020; 9:E1461. [PMID: 33066494 PMCID: PMC7602140 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapes and apples are the most cultivated fruits in the Mediterranean basin and their agricultural processing is responsible for the production of a large amount of bio-waste. The reuse of this food biomass would increase the volume of recyclable/renewable biomaterial and lower the environmental impact due to the increasing demand for these biological products. To this purpose, agri-food waste from grape and apple processing have become an important source of phytochemicals, and many pharmaceutical industries are using it as starting material to produce dietary supplements, functional foods, and food additives for human consumption. In virtue of the chemical diversity and complexity of agri-food biowaste, developers and producers of nutraceuticals are advised to assess the safety of their final nutraceutical products, in compliance with European Food Safety Authority regulation. Here, we use the Ames test to assess the mutagenicity of three nutraceuticals obtained from agri-food waste biomasses: Taurisolo® from grape pomace of Vitis vinifera L. cv 'Aglianico', AnnurComplex® from Malus pumila M. cv 'Annurca' and Limoncella Apple Extract from Malus domestica B. cv 'Limoncella'. The results showed that all three nutraceuticals were non-mutagenic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (N.B.); (R.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.M.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
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36
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Ronco T, Jørgensen NS, Holmer I, Kromann S, Sheikhsamani E, Permin A, Svenningsen SW, Christensen JB, Olsen RH. A Novel Promazine Derivative Shows High in vitro and in vivo Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:560798. [PMID: 33101232 PMCID: PMC7555839 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.560798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria constitutes a significant public health issue worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent clinical need for novel treatment solutions. It has been shown in vitro that phenothiazines can act as adjuvants to antibiotics whereby the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic is decreased. However, phenothiazines do not perform well in vivo, most likely because they can permeate the blood-brain (BBB) barrier and cause severe side-effects to the central nervous system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to synthesize a promazine derivate that would not cross the BBB but retain its properties as antimicrobial helper compound. Surprisingly, in vitro studies showed that the novel compound, JBC 1847 exhibited highly increased antimicrobial activity against eight Gram-positive pathogens (MIC, 0.5-2 mg/L), whereas a disc diffusion assay indicated that the properties as an adjuvant were lost. JBC 1847 showed significant (P < 0.0001) activity against a Staphylococcus aureus strain compared with the vehicle, in an in vivo wound infection model. However, both in vitro and in silico analyses showed that JBC 1847 possesses strong affinity for human plasma proteins and an Ames test showed that generally, it is a non-mutagenic compound. Finally, in silico predictions suggested that the compound was not prone to pass the BBB and had a suitable permeability to the skin. In conclusion, JBC 1847 is therefore suggested to hold potential as a novel topical agent for the clinical treatment of S. aureus skin and soft tissue infections, but pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Ronco
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadia S Jørgensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iben Holmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Kromann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ehsan Sheikhsamani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Søren W Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn B Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke H Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Mutagenicity evaluation of pesticide analogs using standard and 6-well miniaturized bacterial reverse mutation tests. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:105006. [PMID: 32976929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ames test is widely used in the mutagenicity evaluation of new and existing chemicals as a part of a compound selection strategy, regulatory control, the equivalence assessment, carcinogenic potential measurement etc. Intensification of the chemical industry and synthesis of plenty of new molecules has led to the necessity of tests with a higher throughput capacity. The 6-well miniaturized bacterial reverse mutation test and the standard Ames test were compared using 14 technical grade active ingredients (TGAIs) of pesticides. With some exceptions, the responses obtained in the miniscreen Ames are similar to those seen in the standard method: 4 overall test outcomes were negative and 9 were positive in both test versions, but 1 discordant result between the miniscreen and standard version. Comparison of the standard and the miniscreen Ames test resulted in 98% of concordance across five strains and conditions (±S9). The overall judgment is that the miniscreen Ames test can be used to assess the mutagenicity of pesticide analogs. It has the advantage of decreasing the number of materials and animals (for S9) and keeping a high-test performance.
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38
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Trusz A, Ghazal H, Piekarska K. Seasonal variability of chemical composition and mutagenic effect of organic PM2.5 pollutants collected in the urban area of Wrocław (Poland). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 733:138911. [PMID: 32450377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was the assessment of the mutagenicity of chemical pollutants adsorbed on suspended particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the four seasons. Samples were collected from the urban agglomeration of Wroclaw, Poland and evaluated for mutagenicity using two Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without metabolic activation with microsomal fraction S9. The work covered sampling of suspended dusts in four seasons: summer, spring, autumn and winter. The dust samples were collected on glass filters using air aspirator and the organic matter of PM2.5 was extracted using Soxhlet extractor. The levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAH), nitro-PAH and dinitro-PAH were determined in the extract. Variable degree of air pollution with mutagenic substances was determined at the selected study site. A greater, negative effect of chemical compounds on DNA was determined in dust samples collected in the autumn-winter season in comparison to samples collected in the spring-summer season. In the majority of tests, higher mutagenicity was obtained in analyses conducted on total extracts in comparison to tests conducted in the presence of PAH pollutant fractions. The obtained mutagenic ratio values pointed to the presence of chemical compounds with a character of both promutagens and direct mutagens. Samples collected in the autumn-winter season were observed to have a higher diversity of organic substances absorbed on PM2.5 dusts. Particular samples differed in the total content and percent contribution of particular PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other organic compounds. In addition, the identified substances included compounds belonging to different chemical classes: aliphatic compounds, cycloalkanes, mono- and bicycling arenes, polycyclic arenes, compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Trusz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Heba Ghazal
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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39
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Boreiko CJ, Rossman TG. Antimony and its compounds: Health impacts related to pulmonary toxicity, cancer, and genotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115156. [PMID: 32710957 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although occupational exposure to antimony and its compounds can produce pulmonary toxicity, human carcinogenic impacts have not been observed. Inhalation studies with respirable antimony trioxide particles administered to rats and mice have, however, induced carcinogenic responses in the lungs and related tissue sites. Genotoxicity studies conducted to elucidate mechanism(s) for tumor induction have produced mixed results. Antimony compounds do not induce gene mutations in bacteria or cultured mammalian cells, but chromosome aberrations and micronuclei have been observed, usually at highly cytotoxic concentrations. Indirect mechanisms of genotoxicity have been proposed to mediate these responses. In vivo genotoxicity tests have generally yielded negative results although several positive studies of marginal quality have been reported. Genotoxic effects may be related to indirect modes of action such as the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered gene expression or interference with DNA repair processes. Such indirect mechanisms may exhibit dose-response thresholds. For example, interaction of ROS with in vivo antioxidant systems could yield a threshold for genotoxicity (and cancer) only at concentrations above the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanisms to control and/or eliminate damage from ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toby G Rossman
- Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
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40
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Schoeny R, Cross KP, DeMarini DM, Elespuru R, Hakura A, Levy DD, Williams RV, Zeiger E, Escobar PA, Howe JR, Kato M, Lott J, Moore MM, Simon S, Stankowski LF, Sugiyama KI, van der Leede BJM. Revisiting the bacterial mutagenicity assays: Report by a workgroup of the International Workshops on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 849:503137. [PMID: 32087853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) meets every four years to obtain consensus on unresolved issues associated with genotoxicity testing. At the 2017 IWGT meeting in Tokyo, four sub-groups addressed issues associated with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline TG471, which describes the use of bacterial reverse-mutation tests. The strains sub-group analyzed test data from >10,000 chemicals, tested additional chemicals, and concluded that some strains listed in TG471 are unnecessary because they detected fewer mutagens than other strains that the guideline describes as equivalent. Thus, they concluded that a smaller panel of strains would suffice to detect most mutagens. The laboratory proficiency sub-group recommended (a) establishing strain cell banks, (b) developing bacterial growth protocols that optimize assay sensitivity, and (c) testing "proficiency compounds" to gain assay experience and establish historical positive and control databases. The sub-group on criteria for assay evaluation recommended that laboratories (a) track positive and negative control data; (b) develop acceptability criteria for positive and negative controls; (c) optimize dose-spacing and the number of analyzable doses when there is evidence of toxicity; (d) use a combination of three criteria to evaluate results: a dose-related increase in revertants, a clear increase in revertants in at least one dose relative to the concurrent negative control, and at least one dose that produced an increase in revertants above control limits established by the laboratory from historical negative controls; and (e) establish experimental designs to resolve unclear results. The in silico sub-group summarized in silico utility as a tool in genotoxicity assessment but made no specific recommendations for TG471. Thus, the workgroup identified issues that could be addressed if TG471 is revised. The companion papers (a) provide evidence-based approaches, (b) recommend priorities, and (c) give examples of clearly defined terms to support revision of TG471.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Schoeny
- Rita Schoeny, LLC, Washington, DC 20002, United States.
| | - Kevin P Cross
- Leadscope, Inc., 1393 Dublin Road, Columbus, OH 43215, United States
| | - David M DeMarini
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States
| | - Rosalie Elespuru
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States
| | - Atsushi Hakura
- Tsukuba Drug Safety, Eisai Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-2635, Japan
| | - Dan D Levy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740 United States
| | | | - Errol Zeiger
- Errol Zeiger Consulting, 800 Indian Springs Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | | | | | - Masayuki Kato
- CMIC Pharma Science Co., Ltd., Hokuto, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jasmin Lott
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co., KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martha M Moore
- Ramboll US Corporation Little Rock, AR 72223, United States
| | - Stephanie Simon
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straβe 250, Darmstadt, 64293, Germany
| | - Leon F Stankowski
- Charles River Laboratories - Skokie, LLC, 8025 Lamon Ave., Skokie, IL 60077, United States
| | - Kei-Ichi Sugiyama
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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41
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Demonstrating laboratory proficiency in bacterial mutagenicity assays for regulatory submission. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 848:403075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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