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Chen S, Zeng J, Li R, Zhang Y, Tao Y, Hou Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Wu J, Meng X. Traditional Chinese medicine in regulating macrophage polarization in immune response of inflammatory diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117838. [PMID: 38310986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Numerous studies have demonstrated that various traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects against inflammatory diseases mediated through macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this review was to assess and consolidate the current understanding regarding the pathogenic mechanisms governing macrophage polarization in the context of regulating inflammatory diseases. We also summarize the mechanism action of various TCMs on the regulation of macrophage polarization, which may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of recently published articles, utilizing keywords such as "macrophage polarization" and "traditional Chinese medicines" in combination with "inflammation," as well as "macrophage polarization" and "inflammation" in conjunction with "natural products," and similar combinations, to search within PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS A total of 113 kinds of TCMs (including 62 components of TCMs, 27 TCMs as well as various types of extracts of TCMs and 24 Chinese prescriptions) was reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of key pathways of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we have analyzed studies concerning the involvement of macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in inflammation therapy. TCMs has great advantages in regulating macrophage polarization in treating inflammatory diseases due to its multi-pathway and multi-target pharmacological action. This review may contribute to facilitate the development of natural anti-inflammatory drugs based on reshaping macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- The Affiliated Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, PR China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiasi Wu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Kirby A, Graf D, Suchý M, Calvert ND, Charlton TA, Ben RN, Addison CL, Shuhendler A. It's a Trap! Aldolase-Prescribed C 4 Deoxyradiofluorination Affords Intracellular Trapping and the Tracing of Fructose Metabolism by PET. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:475-480. [PMID: 38272705 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Fructose metabolism has been implicated in various diseases, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac disorders, and cancer. However, the limited availability of a quantitative imaging radiotracer has hindered its exploration in pathology and diagnostic imaging. Methods: We adopted a molecular design strategy based on the catalytic mechanism of aldolase, a key enzyme in fructolysis. We successfully synthesized a radiodeoxyfluorinated fructose analog, [18F]4-fluoro-4-deoxyfructose ([18F]4-FDF), in high molar activity. Results: Through heavy isotope tracing by mass spectrometry, we demonstrated that C4-deoxyfluorination of fructose led to effective trapping as fluorodeoxysorbitol and fluorodeoxyfructose-1-phosphate in vitro, unlike C1- and C6-fluorinated analogs that resulted in fluorolactate accumulation. This observation was consistent in vivo, where [18F]6-fluoro-6-deoxyfructose displayed substantial bone uptake due to metabolic processing whereas [18F]4-FDF did not. Importantly, [18F]4-FDF exhibited low uptake in healthy brain and heart tissues, known for their high glycolytic activity and background levels of [18F]FDG uptake. [18F]4-FDF PET/CT allowed for sensitive mapping of neuro- and cardioinflammatory responses to systemic lipopolysaccharide administration. Conclusion: Our study highlights the significance of aldolase-guided C4 radiodeoxyfluorination of fructose in enabling effective radiotracer trapping, overcoming limitations of C1 and C6 radioanalogs toward a clinically viable tool for imaging fructolysis in highly glycolytic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Kirby
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominic Graf
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mojmír Suchý
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Calvert
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert N Ben
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina L Addison
- Program for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adam Shuhendler
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
- Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Chen Z, Li Y, Rasheed M, Wang H, Lei R, Zhao T, Deng Y, Ma H. Altered expression of inflammation-associated molecules in striatum: an implication for sensitivity to heavy ion radiations. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1252958. [PMID: 38107411 PMCID: PMC10725200 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1252958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Heavy ion radiation is one of the major hazards astronauts face during space expeditions, adversely affecting the central nervous system. Radiation causes severe damage to sensitive brain regions, especially the striatum, resulting in cognitive impairment and other physiological issues in astronauts. However, the intensity of brain damage and associated underlying molecular pathological mechanisms mediated by heavy ion radiation are still unknown. The present study is aimed to identify the damaging effect of heavy ion radiation on the striatum and associated underlying pathological mechanisms. Materials and methods Two parallel cohorts of rats were exposed to radiation in multiple doses and times. Cohort I was exposed to 15 Gy of 12C6+ ions radiation, whereas cohort II was exposed to 3.4 Gy and 8 Gy with 56Fe26+ ions irradiation. Physiological and behavioural tests were performed, followed by 18F-FDG-PET scans, transcriptomics analysis of the striatum, and in-vitro studies to verify the interconnection between immune cells and neurons. Results Both cohorts revealed more persistent striatum dysfunction than other brain regions under heavy ion radiation at multiple doses and time, exposed by physiological, behavioural, and 18F-FDG-PET scans. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that striatum dysfunction is linked with an abnormal immune system. In vitro studies demonstrated that radiation mediated diversified effects on different immune cells and sustained monocyte viability but inhibited its differentiation and migration, leading to chronic neuroinflammation in the striatum and might affect other associated brain regions. Conclusion Our findings suggest that striatum dysfunction under heavy ion radiation activates abnormal immune systems, leading to chronic neuroinflammation and neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Madiha Rasheed
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Runhong Lei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tuo Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Larrea A, Elexpe A, Díez-Martín E, Torrecilla M, Astigarraga E, Barreda-Gómez G. Neuroinflammation in the Evolution of Motor Function in Stroke and Trauma Patients: Treatment and Potential Biomarkers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8552-8585. [PMID: 37998716 PMCID: PMC10670324 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a significant impact on different pathologies, such as stroke or spinal cord injury, intervening in their pathophysiology: expansion, progression, and resolution. Neuroinflammation involves oxidative stress, damage, and cell death, playing an important role in neuroplasticity and motor dysfunction by affecting the neuronal connection responsible for motor control. The diagnosis of this pathology is performed using neuroimaging techniques and molecular diagnostics based on identifying and measuring signaling molecules or specific markers. In parallel, new therapeutic targets are being investigated via the use of bionanomaterials and electrostimulation to modulate the neuroinflammatory response. These novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have the potential to facilitate the development of anticipatory patterns and deliver the most beneficial treatment to improve patients' quality of life and directly impact their motor skills. However, important challenges remain to be solved. Hence, the goal of this study was to review the implication of neuroinflammation in the evolution of motor function in stroke and trauma patients, with a particular focus on novel methods and potential biomarkers to aid clinicians in diagnosis, treatment, and therapy. A specific analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, threats, and opportunities was conducted, highlighting the key challenges to be faced in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrea
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Ane Elexpe
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Eguzkiñe Díez-Martín
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - María Torrecilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - Egoitz Astigarraga
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
| | - Gabriel Barreda-Gómez
- Research and Development Division, IMG Pharma Biotech, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; (A.L.); (A.E.); (E.D.-M.); (E.A.)
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van Engelen MPE, Verfaillie SCJ, Dols A, Oudega ML, Boellaard R, Golla SSV, den Hollander M, Ossenkoppele R, Scheltens P, van Berckel BNM, Pijnenburg YAL, Vijverberg EGB. Altered brain metabolism in frontotemporal dementia and psychiatric disorders: involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:71. [PMID: 37493827 PMCID: PMC10371967 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural symptoms and frontotemporal hypometabolism overlap between behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and primary psychiatric disorders (PPD), hampering diagnostic distinction. Voxel-wise comparisons of brain metabolism might identify specific frontotemporal-(hypo)metabolic regions between bvFTD and PPD. We investigated brain metabolism in bvFTD and PPD and its relationship with behavioural symptoms, social cognition, severity of depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning. RESULTS Compared to controls, bvFTD showed decreased metabolism in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) (p < 0.001), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), temporal pole, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and caudate, whereas PPD showed no hypometabolism. Compared to PPD, bvFTD showed decreased metabolism in the dACC (p < 0.001, p < 0.05FWE), insula, Broca's area, caudate, thalamus, OFC and temporal cortex (p < 0.001), whereas PPD showed decreased metabolism in the motor cortex (p < 0.001). Across bvFTD and PPD, decreased metabolism in the temporal cortex (p < 0.001, p < 0.05FWE), dACC and frontal cortex was associated with worse social cognition. Decreased metabolism in the dlPFC was associated with compulsiveness (p < 0.001). Across bvFTD, PPD and controls, decreased metabolism in the PFC and motor cortex was associated with executive dysfunctioning (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate subtle but distinct metabolic patterns in bvFTD and PPD, most strongly in the dACC. The degree of frontotemporal and cingulate hypometabolism was related to impaired social cognition, compulsiveness and executive dysfunctioning. Our findings suggest that the dACC might be an important region to differentiate between bvFTD and PPD but needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule E van Engelen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander C J Verfaillie
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Dols
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mardien L Oudega
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke den Hollander
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EQT Life Sciences Partners, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande A L Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Everard G B Vijverberg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vogler L, Ballweg A, Bohr B, Briel N, Wind K, Antons M, Kunze LH, Gnörich J, Lindner S, Gildehaus FJ, Baumann K, Bartenstein P, Boening G, Ziegler SI, Levin J, Zwergal A, Höglinger GU, Herms J, Brendel M. Assessment of synaptic loss in mouse models of β-amyloid and tau pathology using [ 18F]UCB-H PET imaging. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 39:103484. [PMID: 37541098 PMCID: PMC10407951 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In preclinical research, the use of [18F]Fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG) as a biomarker for neurodegeneration may induce bias due to enhanced glucose uptake by immune cells. In this study, we sought to investigate synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) PET with [18F]UCB-H as an alternative preclinical biomarker for neurodegenerative processes in two mouse models representing the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS A total of 29 PS2APP, 20 P301S and 12 wild-type mice aged 4.4 to 19.8 months received a dynamic [18F]UCB-H SV2A-PET scan (14.7 ± 1.5 MBq) 0-60 min post injection. Quantification of tracer uptake in cortical, cerebellar and brainstem target regions was implemented by calculating relative volumes of distribution (VT) from an image-derived-input-function (IDIF). [18F]UCB-H binding was compared across all target regions between transgenic and wild-type mice. Additional static scans were performed in a subset of mice to compare [18F]FDG and [18F]GE180 (18 kDa translocator protein tracer as a surrogate for microglial activation) standardized uptake values (SUV) with [18F]UCB-H binding at different ages. Following the final scan, a subset of mouse brains was immunohistochemically stained with synaptic markers for gold standard validation of the PET results. RESULTS [18F]UCB-H binding in all target regions was significantly reduced in 8-months old P301S transgenic mice when compared to wild-type controls (temporal lobe: p = 0.014; cerebellum: p = 0.0018; brainstem: p = 0.0014). Significantly lower SV2A tracer uptake was also observed in 13-months (temporal lobe: p = 0.0080; cerebellum: p = 0.006) and 19-months old (temporal lobe: p = 0.0042; cerebellum: p = 0.011) PS2APP transgenic versus wild-type mice, whereas the brainstem revealed no significantly altered [18F]UCB-H binding. Immunohistochemical analyses of post-mortem mouse brain tissue confirmed the SV2A PET findings. Correlational analyses of [18F]UCB-H and [18F]FDG using Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a significant negative association in the PS2APP mouse model (R = -0.26, p = 0.018). Exploratory analyses further stressed microglial activation as a potential reason for this inverse relationship, since [18F]FDG and [18F]GE180 quantification were positively correlated in this cohort (R = 0.36, p = 0.0076). CONCLUSION [18F]UCB-H reliably depicts progressive synaptic loss in PS2APP and P301S transgenic mice, potentially qualifying as a more reliable alternative to [18F]FDG as a biomarker for assessment of neurodegeneration in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Vogler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Ballweg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Bohr
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Briel
- Center for Neuropathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Antons
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lea H Kunze
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Gnörich
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Gildehaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Baumann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience Discovery, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Boening
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle I Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Zwergal
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (DSGZ), University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Yang S, Park JH, Lu HC. Axonal energy metabolism, and the effects in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:49. [PMID: 37475056 PMCID: PMC10357692 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies consistently identify bioenergetic maladaptations in brains upon aging and neurodegenerative disorders of aging (NDAs), such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glucose is the major brain fuel and glucose hypometabolism has been observed in brain regions vulnerable to aging and NDAs. Many neurodegenerative susceptible regions are in the topological central hub of the brain connectome, linked by densely interconnected long-range axons. Axons, key components of the connectome, have high metabolic needs to support neurotransmission and other essential activities. Long-range axons are particularly vulnerable to injury, neurotoxin exposure, protein stress, lysosomal dysfunction, etc. Axonopathy is often an early sign of neurodegeneration. Recent studies ascribe axonal maintenance failures to local bioenergetic dysregulation. With this review, we aim to stimulate research in exploring metabolically oriented neuroprotection strategies to enhance or normalize bioenergetics in NDA models. Here we start by summarizing evidence from human patients and animal models to reveal the correlation between glucose hypometabolism and connectomic disintegration upon aging/NDAs. To encourage mechanistic investigations on how axonal bioenergetic dysregulation occurs during aging/NDAs, we first review the current literature on axonal bioenergetics in distinct axonal subdomains: axon initial segments, myelinated axonal segments, and axonal arbors harboring pre-synaptic boutons. In each subdomain, we focus on the organization, activity-dependent regulation of the bioenergetic system, and external glial support. Second, we review the mechanisms regulating axonal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis, an essential molecule for energy metabolism processes, including NAD+ biosynthetic, recycling, and consuming pathways. Third, we highlight the innate metabolic vulnerability of the brain connectome and discuss its perturbation during aging and NDAs. As axonal bioenergetic deficits are developing into NDAs, especially in asymptomatic phase, they are likely exaggerated further by impaired NAD+ homeostasis, the high energetic cost of neural network hyperactivity, and glial pathology. Future research in interrogating the causal relationship between metabolic vulnerability, axonopathy, amyloid/tau pathology, and cognitive decline will provide fundamental knowledge for developing therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Jung Hyun Park
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- The Linda and Jack Gill Center for Biomolecular Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Chen S, Fan F, Zhang Y, Zeng J, Li Y, Xu N, Zhang Y, Meng XL, Lin JM. Metabolites from scutellarin alleviating deferoxamine-induced hypoxia injury in BV2 cells cultured on microfluidic chip combined with a mass spectrometer. Talanta 2023; 259:124478. [PMID: 36989966 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The changes of metabolites of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in cells under hypoxia play a key role in drug screening. In order to dynamically monitor the drug metabolism changes of Scutellarin in the hypoxia environment induced by deferoxamine (DFO), a microfluidic-chip mass spectrometry method was used to study the real-time monitoring of drug metabolism changes under hypoxia conditions. This system has six drug-loading units, cell culture chamber, metabolite collection, filtration, HPLC separation and mass spectrometer. The cells in each microchannel were incubated with continuous flow of culture medium, metabolites will be collected by the fixed card slot, automatic sampling needle will be precise positioned and sampled. Through this new system combined with molecular biological methods, the changes of metabolites in TCA cycle of BV2 cells and drug metabolism of Scutellarin can be determined in real-time. In general, we illustrated a new mechanism of Scutellarin for reducing BV2 cell hypoxia injury and presented a novel analysis strategy that opened a way for real-time online monitoring of the energy metabolic mechanism of the effect of drugs on cells and further provided a superior strategy to screen natural drug candidates for hypoxia-related brain disease treatment.
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Liu X, Jiang N, Zhou W. Various Energetic Metabolism of Microglia in Response to Different Stimulations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114501. [PMID: 37298976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of the microglia plays an important role in the neuroinflammation induced by different stimulations associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different stimulations, such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines, trigger a consequence of activation in the microglia with diverse changes of the microglial cell type response in AD. The activation of the microglia is often accompanied by metabolic changes in response to PAMPs, DAMPs and cytokines in AD. Actually, we do not know the distinct differences on the energetic metabolism of microglia when subject to these stimuli. This research assessed the changes of the cell type response and energetic metabolism in mouse-derived immortalized cells (BV-2 cells) induced by a PAMP (LPS), DAMPs (Aβ and ATP) and a cytokine (IL-4) in mouse-derived immortalized cells (BV-2 cells) and whether the microglial cell type response was improved by targeting the metabolism. We uncovered that LPS, a proinflammatory stimulation of PAMPs, modified the morphology from irregular to fusiform, with stronger cell viability, fusion rates and phagocytosis in the microglia accompanied by a metabolic shift to the promotion of glycolysis and the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Aβ and ATP, which are two known kinds of DAMPs that trigger microglial sterile activation, induced the morphology from irregular to amoebic, and significantly decreased others in the microglia, accompanied by boosting or reducing both glycolysis and OXPHOS. Monotonous pathological changes and energetic metabolism of microglia were observed under IL-4 exposure. Further, the inhibition of glycolysis transformed the LPS-induced proinflammatory morphology and decreased the enhancement of LPS-induced cell viability, the fusion rate and phagocytosis. However, the promotion of glycolysis exerted a minimal effect on the changes of morphology, the fusion rate, cell viability and phagocytosis induced by ATP. Our study reveals that microglia induced diverse pathological changes accompanied by various changes in the energetic metabolism in response to PAMPs, DAMPs and cytokines, and it may be a potential application of targeting the cellular metabolism to interfere with the microglia-mediated pathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasure, Beijing 100850, China
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10
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Gnörich J, Reifschneider A, Wind K, Zatcepin A, Kunte ST, Beumers P, Bartos LM, Wiedemann T, Grosch M, Xiang X, Fard MK, Ruch F, Werner G, Koehler M, Slemann L, Hummel S, Briel N, Blume T, Shi Y, Biechele G, Beyer L, Eckenweber F, Scheifele M, Bartenstein P, Albert NL, Herms J, Tahirovic S, Haass C, Capell A, Ziegler S, Brendel M. Depletion and activation of microglia impact metabolic connectivity of the mouse brain. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:47. [PMID: 36829182 PMCID: PMC9951492 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the impact of microglial activity and microglial FDG uptake on metabolic connectivity, since microglial activation states determine FDG-PET alterations. Metabolic connectivity refers to a concept of interacting metabolic brain regions and receives growing interest in approaching complex cerebral metabolic networks in neurodegenerative diseases. However, underlying sources of metabolic connectivity remain to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed metabolic networks measured by interregional correlation coefficients (ICCs) of FDG-PET scans in WT mice and in mice with mutations in progranulin (Grn) or triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) knockouts (-/-) as well as in double mutant Grn-/-/Trem2-/- mice. We selected those rodent models as they represent opposite microglial signatures with disease associated microglia in Grn-/- mice and microglia locked in a homeostatic state in Trem2-/- mice; however, both resulting in lower glucose uptake of the brain. The direct influence of microglia on metabolic networks was further determined by microglia depletion using a CSF1R inhibitor in WT mice at two different ages. Within maps of global mean scaled regional FDG uptake, 24 pre-established volumes of interest were applied and assigned to either cortical or subcortical networks. ICCs of all region pairs were calculated and z-transformed prior to group comparisons. FDG uptake of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes was determined in Grn-/- and WT mice via assessment of single cell tracer uptake (scRadiotracing). RESULTS Microglia depletion by CSF1R inhibition resulted in a strong decrease of metabolic connectivity defined by decrease of mean cortical ICCs in WT mice at both ages studied (6-7 m; p = 0.0148, 9-10 m; p = 0.0191), when compared to vehicle-treated age-matched WT mice. Grn-/-, Trem2-/- and Grn-/-/Trem2-/- mice all displayed reduced FDG-PET signals when compared to WT mice. However, when analyzing metabolic networks, a distinct increase of ICCs was observed in Grn-/- mice when compared to WT mice in cortical (p < 0.0001) and hippocampal (p < 0.0001) networks. In contrast, Trem2-/- mice did not show significant alterations in metabolic connectivity when compared to WT. Furthermore, the increased metabolic connectivity in Grn-/- mice was completely suppressed in Grn-/-/Trem2-/- mice. Grn-/- mice exhibited a severe loss of neuronal FDG uptake (- 61%, p < 0.0001) which shifted allocation of cellular brain FDG uptake to microglia (42% in Grn-/- vs. 22% in WT). CONCLUSIONS Presence, absence, and activation of microglia have a strong impact on metabolic connectivity of the mouse brain. Enhanced metabolic connectivity is associated with increased microglial FDG allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gnörich
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Reifschneider
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wind
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Artem Zatcepin
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian T. Kunte
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Beumers
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura M. Bartos
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiedemann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grosch
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XGerman Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Maryam K. Fard
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Francois Ruch
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Werner
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mara Koehler
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Luna Slemann
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Selina Hummel
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Briel
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuan Shi
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gloria Biechele
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Beyer
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Eckenweber
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheifele
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie L. Albert
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XCenter for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- grid.424247.30000 0004 0438 0426German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XMetabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany ,grid.452617.3Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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11
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Hypometabolic and hypermetabolic brain regions in patients with ALS-FTD show distinct patterns of grey and white matter degeneration: A pilot multimodal neuroimaging study. Eur J Radiol 2023; 158:110616. [PMID: 36493498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 50% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients develop some degree of cognitive dysfunction and a small proportion of these develop frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Non-invasive techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) have demonstrated structural and metabolic abnormalities, respectively, in the brains of such patients with ALS-FTD. Although initial 18F-FDG PET studies in ALS patients showed only hypometabolism of motor and extramotor brain regions, subsequent studies have demonstrated hypermetabolic changes as well. Such contrasting findings prompted us to hypothesize that hypo- and hypermetabolic brain regions in ALS-FTD patients are associated with divergent degeneration of structural grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM). METHODS Cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglc), cortical thickness (CT), fractal dimension (FD), and graph theory WM network analyses were performed on clinical MRI and 18F-FDG PET images from 8 ALS-FTD patients and 14 neurologic controls to explore the relationship between GM-WM degeneration and hypo- and hypermetabolic brain regions. RESULTS CMRglc revealed significant hypometabolism in frontal and precentral gyrus brain regions, with hypermetabolism in temporal, occipital and cerebellar regions. Cortical thinning was noted in both hypo- and hypermetabolic brain areas. Unlike CT, FD did not reveal widespread GM degeneration in hypo- and hypermetabolic brain regions of ALS-FTD patients. Graph theory analysis showed severe WM degeneration in hypometabolic but not hypermetabolic areas, especially in the right hemisphere. CONCLUSION Our multimodal MRI-PET study provides insights into potentially differential pathophysiological mechanisms between hypo- and hypermetabolic brain regions of ALS-FTD patients.
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12
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Boyle AJ, Murrell E, Tong J, Schifani C, Narvaez A, Wuest M, West F, Wuest F, Vasdev N. PET Imaging of Fructose Metabolism in a Rodent Model of Neuroinflammation with 6-[ 18F]fluoro-6-deoxy-D-fructose. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238529. [PMID: 36500626 PMCID: PMC9736258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 labeled 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-D-fructose (6-[18F]FDF) targets the fructose-preferred facilitative hexose transporter GLUT5, which is expressed predominantly in brain microglia and activated in response to inflammatory stimuli. We hypothesize that 6-[18F]FDF will specifically image microglia following neuroinflammatory insult. 6-[18F]FDF and, for comparison, [18F]FDG were evaluated in unilateral intra-striatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected male and female rats (50 µg/animal) by longitudinal dynamic PET imaging in vivo. In LPS-injected rats, increased accumulation of 6-[18F]FDF was observed at 48 h post-LPS injection, with plateaued uptake (60-120 min) that was significantly higher in the ipsilateral vs. contralateral striatum (0.985 ± 0.047 and 0.819 ± 0.033 SUV, respectively; p = 0.002, n = 4M/3F). The ipsilateral-contralateral difference in striatal 6-[18F]FDF uptake expressed as binding potential (BPSRTM) peaked at 48 h (0.19 ± 0.11) and was significantly decreased at one and two weeks. In contrast, increased [18F]FDG uptake in the ipsilateral striatum was highest at one week post-LPS injection (BPSRTM = 0.25 ± 0.06, n = 4M). Iba-1 and GFAP immunohistochemistry confirmed LPS-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes, respectively, in ipsilateral striatum. This proof-of-concept study revealed an early response of 6-[18F]FDF to neuroinflammatory stimuli in rat brain. 6-[18F]FDF represents a potential PET radiotracer for imaging microglial GLUT5 density in brain with applications in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Boyle
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.J.B.); (N.V.); Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30884) (A.J.B.); +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30988) (N.V.)
| | - Emily Murrell
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Christin Schifani
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Andrea Narvaez
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - Frederick West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence: (A.J.B.); (N.V.); Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30884) (A.J.B.); +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 30988) (N.V.)
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13
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Schroyen G, Schramm G, Van Weehaeghe D, Leenaerts N, Vande Casteele T, Blommaert J, Koole M, Smeets A, Van Laere K, Sunaert S, Deprez S. Cerebral glucose changes after chemotherapy and their relation to long-term cognitive complaints and fatigue. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1021615. [PMID: 36313711 PMCID: PMC9612406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1021615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the short-term cerebral metabolic effects of intravenous chemotherapy and their association with long-term fatigue/cognitive complaints. Experimental design Using [18F]-FDG-PET/CT whole-body scans, we retrospectively quantified relative cerebral glucose metabolism before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a cohort of patients treated for non-metastatic breast cancer (2009-2019). Self-report of cognitive complaints and fatigue were prospectively assessed 7 ± 3 years after therapy. Metabolic changes were estimated with i) robust mixed-effects modelling in regions-of-interest (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insular cortex) and ii) general-linear modelling of whole-brain voxel-wise outcomes. iii) The association between metabolic changes and self-reported outcomes was evaluated using linear regression-analysis. Results Of the 667 screened patients, 263 underwent PET/CT before and after chemotherapy and 183 (48 ± 9 years) met the inclusion criteria. After chemotherapy, decreased frontal and increased parietal and insular metabolism were observed (|ß|>0.273, pFDR<0.008). Separately, additional increased occipital metabolism after epiribucin+ cyclophosphamide (EC) and temporal metabolism after EC+ fluorouracil chemotherapy were observed (ß>0.244, pFDR≤0.048). Voxel-based analysis (pcluster-FWE<0.001) showed decreased metabolism in the paracingulate gyrus (-3.2 ± 3.9%) and putamen (3.1 ± 4.1%) and increased metabolism in the lateral cortex (L=2.9 ± 3.1%) and pericentral gyri (3.0 ± 4.4%). Except for the central sulcus, the same regions showed changes in EC, but not in FEC patients. Of the 97 self-reported responders, 23% and 27% experienced extreme fatigue and long-term cognitive complaints, respectively, which were not associated with metabolic changes. Conclusion Both hyper- and hypometabolism were observed after chemotherapy for breast cancer. Combined with earlier findings, this study could support inflammatory mechanisms resulting in relative hypermetabolism, mainly in the parietal/occipital cortices. As early metabolic changes did not precede long-term complaints, further research is necessary to identify vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Schroyen
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Gwen Schroyen,
| | - Georg Schramm
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Van Weehaeghe
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Leenaerts
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind-Body Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vande Casteele
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuropsychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Blommaert
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Gynaecological Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, Surgical Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Deprez
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational MRI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Vizuete AFK, Fróes F, Seady M, Zanotto C, Bobermin LD, Roginski AC, Wajner M, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Early effects of LPS-induced neuroinflammation on the rat hippocampal glycolytic pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:255. [PMID: 36221097 PMCID: PMC9552490 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02612-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a common feature during the development of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, where glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, play key roles in the activation and maintenance of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. Neuroinflammation is now known to involve a neurometabolic shift, in addition to an increase in energy consumption. We used two approaches (in vivo and ex vivo) to evaluate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation on neurometabolic reprogramming, and on the modulation of the glycolytic pathway during the neuroinflammatory response. For this, we investigated inflammatory cytokines and receptors in the rat hippocampus, as well as markers of glial reactivity. Mitochondrial respirometry and the glycolytic pathway were evaluated by multiple parameters, including enzymatic activity, gene expression and regulation by protein kinases. Metabolic (e.g., metformin, 3PO, oxamic acid, fluorocitrate) and inflammatory (e.g., minocycline, MCC950, arundic acid) inhibitors were used in ex vivo hippocampal slices. The induction of early inflammatory changes by LPS (both in vivo and ex vivo) enhanced glycolytic parameters, such as glucose uptake, PFK1 activity and lactate release. This increased glucose consumption was independent of the energy expenditure for glutamate uptake, which was in fact diverted for the maintenance of the immune response. Accordingly, inhibitors of the glycolytic pathway and Krebs cycle reverted neuroinflammation (reducing IL-1β and S100B) and the changes in glycolytic parameters induced by LPS in acute hippocampal slices. Moreover, the inhibition of S100B, a protein predominantly synthesized and secreted by astrocytes, inhibition of microglia activation and abrogation of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly confirmed the role of neuroinflammation in the upregulation of glycolysis in the hippocampus. Our data indicate a neurometabolic glycolytic shift, induced by inflammatory activation, as well as a central and integrative role of astrocytes, and suggest that interference in the control of neurometabolism may be a promising strategy for downregulating neuroinflammation and consequently for diminishing negative neurological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Zip Code: 90035-003, Brazil. .,Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Fróes
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Zip Code: 90035-003, Brazil.,Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Seady
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Zip Code: 90035-003, Brazil.,Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Zip Code: 90035-003, Brazil.,Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Roginski
- Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Calcium-Binding Proteins in the CNS, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, Zip Code: 90035-003, Brazil.,Pos Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Ni R, Müller Herde A, Haider A, Keller C, Louloudis G, Vaas M, Schibli R, Ametamey SM, Klohs J, Mu L. In vivo Imaging of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors: Functional and Structural Alterations in Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia by PET and MRI. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:700-709. [PMID: 34642898 PMCID: PMC9581861 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stroke is one of the most prevalent vascular diseases. Non-invasive molecular imaging methods have the potential to provide critical insights into the temporal dynamics and follow alterations of receptor expression and metabolism in ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to assess the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) levels in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse models at subacute stage using positron emission tomography (PET) with our novel tracer [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 and structural imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PROCEDURES Our recently developed CB2R PET tracer [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 was used for imaging neuroinflammation at 24 h after reperfusion in tMCAO mice. The RNA expression levels of CB2R and other inflammatory markers were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using brain tissues from tMCAO (1 h occlusion) and sham-operated mice. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was included for evaluation of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc). In addition, diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging were performed for anatomical reference and delineating the lesion in tMCAO mice. RESULTS mRNA expressions of inflammatory markers TNF-α, Iba1, MMP9 and GFAP, CNR2 were increased to 1.3-2.5 fold at 24 h after reperfusion in the ipsilateral compared to contralateral hemisphere of tMCAO mice, while mRNA expression of the neuronal marker MAP-2 was markedly reduced to ca. 50 %. Reduced [18F]FDG uptake was observed in the ischemic striatum of tMCAO mouse brain at 24 h after reperfusion. Although higher activity of [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 in ex vivo biodistribution studies and higher standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) were detected in the ischemic ipsilateral compared to contralateral striatum in tMCAO mice, the in vivo specificity of [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 was confirmed only in the CB2R-rich spleen. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed an increased [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 measure of CB2R and a reduced [18F]FDG measure of CMRglc in the ischemic striatum of tMCAO mice at subacute stage. [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 might be a promising PET tracer for detecting CB2R alterations in animal models of neuroinflammation without neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Müller Herde
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI H427 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI H427 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Keller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI H427 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Louloudis
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Vaas
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI H427 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI H427 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Klohs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linjing Mu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCI H427 Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Abstract
To maintain energy supply to the brain, a direct energy source called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced by oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis of glucose in the mitochondria and cytoplasm. Brain glucose metabolism is reduced in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), where it appears presymptomatically in a progressive and region-specific manner. Following dysregulation of energy metabolism in AD, many cellular repair/regenerative processes are activated to conserve the energy required for cell viability. Glucose metabolism plays an important role in the pathology of AD and is closely associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance. The glucose intake in neurons is from endothelial cells, astrocytes, and microglia. Damage to neurocentric glucose also damages the energy transport systems in AD. Gut microbiota is necessary to modulate bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and brain. Gut microbiota may influence the process of AD by regulating the immune system and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, some therapeutic strategies have shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of AD at different stages, including the use of antidiabetic drugs, rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenetic and dietary intervention. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of alterations in energy metabolism in AD and provides potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment of AD.
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17
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Candelario-Jalil E, Dijkhuizen RM, Magnus T. Neuroinflammation, Stroke, Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction, and Imaging Modalities. Stroke 2022; 53:1473-1486. [PMID: 35387495 PMCID: PMC9038693 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.036946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is crucial for the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Structurally comprising the BBB, brain endothelial cells interact with pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and perivascular macrophages in the neurovascular unit. Brain ischemia unleashes a profound neuroinflammatory response to remove the damaged tissue and prepare the brain for repair. However, the intense neuroinflammation occurring during the acute phase of stroke is associated with BBB breakdown, neuronal injury, and worse neurological outcomes. Here, we critically discuss the role of neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke pathology, focusing on the BBB and the interactions between central nervous system and peripheral immune responses. We highlight inflammation-driven injury mechanisms in stroke, including oxidative stress, increased MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) production, microglial activation, and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the ischemic tissue. We provide an updated overview of imaging techniques for in vivo detection of BBB permeability, leukocyte infiltration, microglial activation, and upregulation of cell adhesion molecules following ischemic brain injury. We discuss the possibility of clinical implementation of imaging modalities to assess stroke-associated neuroinflammation with the potential to provide image-guided diagnosis and treatment. We summarize the results from several clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory interventions in stroke. Although convincing preclinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a promising target for ischemic stroke, thus far, translating these results into the clinical setting has proved difficult. Due to the dual role of inflammation in the progression of ischemic damage, more research is needed to mechanistically understand when the neuroinflammatory response begins the transition from injury to repair. This could have important implications for ischemic stroke treatment by informing time- and context-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville (E.C-J)
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (R.M.D.)
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (T.M.)
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18
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Camacho-Morales A. Glycolytic metabolism supports microglia training during age-related neurodegeneration. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:818-831. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Assessment of the In Vivo Relationship Between Cerebral Hypometabolism, Tau Deposition, TSPO Expression, and Synaptic Density in a Tauopathy Mouse Model: a Multi-tracer PET Study. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3402-3413. [PMID: 35312967 PMCID: PMC9148291 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral glucose hypometabolism is a typical hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), usually associated with ongoing neurodegeneration and neuronal dysfunction. However, underlying pathological processes are not fully understood and reproducibility in animal models is not well established. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regional interrelation of glucose hypometabolism measured by [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET) with various molecular targets of AD pathophysiology using the PET tracers [18F]PI-2620 for tau deposition, [18F]DPA-714 for TSPO expression associated with neuroinflammation, and [18F]UCB-H for synaptic density in a transgenic tauopathy mouse model. Seven-month-old rTg4510 mice (n = 8) and non-transgenic littermates (n = 8) were examined in a small animal PET scanner with the tracers listed above. Hypometabolism was observed throughout the forebrain of rTg4510 mice. Tau pathology, increased TSPO expression, and synaptic loss were co-localized in the cortex and hippocampus and correlated with hypometabolism. In the thalamus, however, hypometabolism occurred in the absence of tau-related pathology. Thus, cerebral hypometabolism was associated with two regionally distinct forms of molecular pathology: (1) characteristic neuropathology of the Alzheimer-type including synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammation co-localized with tau deposition in the cerebral cortex, and (2) pathological changes in the thalamus in the absence of other markers of AD pathophysiology, possibly reflecting downstream or remote adaptive processes which may affect functional connectivity. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of a multitracer approach to explore complex interactions of distinct AD-pathomechanisms in vivo in a small animal model. The observations demonstrate that multiple, spatially heterogeneous pathomechanisms can contribute to hypometabolism observed in AD mouse models and they motivate future longitudinal studies as well as the investigation of possibly comparable pathomechanisms in human patients.
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20
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography greatly advanced our understanding on the underlying neural mechanisms of movement disorders. PET with flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) is especially useful as it depicts regional metabolic activity level that can predict patients' symptoms. Multivariate pattern analysis has been used to determine and quantify the co-varying brain networks associated with specific clinical traits of neurodegenerative disease. The result is a biomarker, useful for diagnosis, treatments, and follow up studies. Parkinsonian traits and parkinsonisms are associated with specific spatial pattern of metabolic abnormality useful for differential diagnosis. This approach has also been used for monitoring disease progression and novel treatment responses mostly in Parkinson's disease. In this book chapter, we, illustrate and discuss the significance of the brain networks associated with disease and their modification with neuroplastic changes.
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21
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Whatley BP, Winston JS, Allen LA, Vos SB, Jha A, Scott CA, Smith AL, Chowdhury FA, Bomanji JB, Lhatoo SD, Harper RM, Diehl B. Distinct Patterns of Brain Metabolism in Patients at Risk of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:623358. [PMID: 34899550 PMCID: PMC8651549 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.623358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To characterize regional brain metabolic differences in patients at high risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG-PET). Methods: We studied patients with refractory focal epilepsy at high (n = 56) and low (n = 69) risk of SUDEP who underwent interictal 18FDG-PET as part of their pre-surgical evaluation. Binary SUDEP risk was ascertained by thresholding frequency of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS). A whole brain analysis was employed to explore regional differences in interictal metabolic patterns. We contrasted these findings with regional brain metabolism more directly related to frequency of FBTCS. Results: Regions associated with cardiorespiratory and somatomotor regulation differed in interictal metabolism. In patients at relatively high risk of SUDEP, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was increased in the basal ganglia, ventral diencephalon, midbrain, pons, and deep cerebellar nuclei; uptake was decreased in the left planum temporale. These patterns were distinct from the effect of FBTCS frequency, where increasing frequency was associated with decreased uptake in bilateral medial superior frontal gyri, extending into the left dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Significance: Regions critical to cardiorespiratory and somatomotor regulation and to recovery from vital challenges show altered interictal metabolic activity in patients with frequent FBTCS considered to be at relatively high-risk of SUDEP, and shed light on the processes that may predispose patients to SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Whatley
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Neurology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Joel S Winston
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Allen
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom.,The Center for SUDEP Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sjoerd B Vos
- Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom.,The Center for SUDEP Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Neuroradiological Academic Unit, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwani Jha
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Scott
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,The Center for SUDEP Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - April-Louise Smith
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fahmida A Chowdhury
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamshed B Bomanji
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samden D Lhatoo
- The Center for SUDEP Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Epilepsy Center, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ronald M Harper
- The Center for SUDEP Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Beate Diehl
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Epilepsy Society MRI Unit, Chalfont St Peter, United Kingdom.,The Center for SUDEP Research, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Dakic T, Lakic I, Zec M, Takic M, Stojiljkovic M, Jevdjovic T. Fructose-rich diet and walnut supplementation differently regulate rat hypothalamic and hippocampal glucose transporters expression. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:5984-5991. [PMID: 33856052 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional modulations may be considered a strategy to protect mental health. Neuronal homeostasis is highly dependent on the availability of glucose, which represents the primary energy source for the brain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of walnut intake and fructose-rich diet on the expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in two rat brain regions: hypothalamus and hippocampus. RESULTS Our results show that walnut supplementation of fructose-fed animals restored the hypothalamic content of GLUT1 and GLUT3 protein. Furthermore, walnut intake did not affect increased hypothalamic GLUT2 content upon fructose consumption. These effects were accompanied by distinctive alterations of hippocampal GLUTs levels. Specifically, walnut intake increased GLUT1 content, whereas GLUT2 protein was decreased within the rat hippocampus after both individual and combined treatments. CONCLUSION Overall, our study suggests that walnut supplementation exerted modulatory effects on the glucose transporters within specific brain regions in the presence of developed metabolic disorder. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry 'Ivan Djaja', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry 'Ivan Djaja', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Manja Zec
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Takic
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mojca Stojiljkovic
- Department for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry 'Ivan Djaja', Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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23
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Cleland NRW, Al-Juboori SI, Dobrinskikh E, Bruce KD. Altered substrate metabolism in neurodegenerative disease: new insights from metabolic imaging. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:248. [PMID: 34711251 PMCID: PMC8555332 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), are relatively common and devastating neurological disorders. For example, there are 6 million individuals living with AD in the United States, a number that is projected to grow to 14 million by the year 2030. Importantly, AD, PD and MS are all characterized by the lack of a true disease-modifying therapy that is able to reverse or halt disease progression. In addition, the existing standard of care for most NDs only addresses the symptoms of the disease. Therefore, alternative strategies that target mechanisms underlying the neuropathogenesis of disease are much needed. Recent studies have indicated that metabolic alterations in neurons and glia are commonly observed in AD, PD and MS and lead to changes in cell function that can either precede or protect against disease onset and progression. Specifically, single-cell RNAseq studies have shown that AD progression is tightly linked to the metabolic phenotype of microglia, the key immune effector cells of the brain. However, these analyses involve removing cells from their native environment and performing measurements in vitro, influencing metabolic status. Therefore, technical approaches that can accurately assess cell-specific metabolism in situ have the potential to be transformative to our understanding of the mechanisms driving AD. Here, we review our current understanding of metabolism in both neurons and glia during homeostasis and disease. We also evaluate recent advances in metabolic imaging, and discuss how emerging modalities, such as fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) have the potential to determine how metabolic perturbations may drive the progression of NDs. Finally, we propose that the temporal, regional, and cell-specific characterization of brain metabolism afforded by FLIM will be a critical first step in the rational design of metabolism-focused interventions that delay or even prevent NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R W Cleland
- Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Saif I Al-Juboori
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA
| | - Kimberley D Bruce
- Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
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24
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Delva A, Michiels L, Koole M, Van Laere K, Vandenberghe W. Synaptic Damage and Its Clinical Correlates in People With Early Huntington Disease: A PET Study. Neurology 2021; 98:e83-e94. [PMID: 34663644 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Synaptic damage has been proposed to play a major role in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD), but in vivo evidence in humans is lacking. We performed a PET imaging study to assess synaptic damage and its clinical correlates in early HD in vivo. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, premanifest and early manifest (Shoulson-Fahn stage 1 and 2) HD mutation carriers and age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent clinical assessment of motor and non-motor manifestations and time-of-flight PET with 11C-UCB-J, a radioligand targeting the ubiquitous presynaptic terminal marker SV2A. We also performed 18F-FDG PET in all subjects, as regional cerebral glucose consumption is thought to largely reflect synaptic activity. Volumes of interest were delineated based on individual 3D T1 MRI. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)-1 images were calculated for 11C-UCB-J with the centrum semiovale as reference region. 18F-FDG PET activity was normalized to the pons. All PET data were corrected for partial volume effects. Volume of interest- and voxel-based analyses were performed. Correlations between clinical scores and 11C-UCB-J PET data were calculated. RESULTS 18 HD mutation carriers (51.4 ± 11.6 years; 6 female; 7 premanifest, 11 early manifest) and 15 healthy controls (52.3 ± 3.5 years; 4 female) were included. In the HD group, significant loss of SV2A binding was found in putamen, caudate, pallidum, cerebellum, parietal, temporal and frontal cortex, whereas reduced 18F-FDG uptake was restricted to caudate and putamen. In the premanifest subgroup, 11C-UCB-J and 18F-FDG PET showed significant reductions in putamen and caudate only. In the total HD group, SV2A loss in the putamen correlated with motor impairment. DISCUSSION Our data reveal loss of presynaptic terminal integrity in early HD, which begins in the striatum in the premanifest phase, spreads extensively to extrastriatal regions in the early manifest phase, and correlates with motor impairment. 11C-UCB-J PET is more sensitive than 18F-FDG PET for detection of extrastriatal changes in early HD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides class III evidence that 11C-UCB-J PET accurately identifies HD from normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Delva
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium; .,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Michiels
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.,VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
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25
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van Aalst J, Ceccarini J, Sunaert S, Dupont P, Koole M, Van Laere K. In vivo synaptic density relates to glucose metabolism at rest in healthy subjects, but is strongly modulated by regional differences. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1978-1987. [PMID: 33444094 PMCID: PMC8327121 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20981502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and postmortem studies have suggested that regional synaptic density and glucose consumption (CMRGlc) are strongly related. However, the relation between synaptic density and cerebral glucose metabolism in the human brain has not directly been assessed in vivo. Using [11C]UCB-J binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 A (SV2A) as indicator for synaptic density and [18F]FDG for measuring cerebral glucose consumption, we studied twenty healthy female subjects (age 29.6 ± 9.9 yrs) who underwent a single-day dual-tracer protocol (GE Signa PET-MR). Global measures of absolute and relative CMRGlc and specific binding of [11C]UCB-J were indeed highly significantly correlated (r > 0.47, p < 0.001). However, regional differences in relative [18F]FDG and [11C]UCB-J uptake were observed, with up to 19% higher [11C]UCB-J uptake in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and up to 17% higher glucose metabolism in frontal and motor-related areas and thalamus. This pattern has a considerable overlap with the brain regions showing different levels of aerobic glycolysis. Regionally varying energy demands of inhibitory and excitatory synapses at rest may also contribute to this difference. Being unaffected by astroglial and/or microglial energy demands, changes in synaptic density in the MTL may therefore be more sensitive to early detection of pathological conditions compared to changes in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- June van Aalst
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sunaert
- Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium.,Radiology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Dupont
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nuclear Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Blaschke SJ, Hensel L, Minassian A, Vlachakis S, Tscherpel C, Vay SU, Rabenstein M, Schroeter M, Fink GR, Hoehn M, Grefkes C, Rueger MA. Translating Functional Connectivity After Stroke: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Comparable Network Changes in Mice and Humans. Stroke 2021; 52:2948-2960. [PMID: 34281374 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J Blaschke
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Lukas Hensel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Anuka Minassian
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Susan Vlachakis
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Caroline Tscherpel
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Sabine U Vay
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
| | - Maria A Rueger
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., S.V., C.T., S.U.V., M.R., M.S., G.R.F., C.G., M.A.R.)
- In-Vivo NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany (S.J.B., A.M., S.V., M.R., M.S., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Germany (S.J.B., L.H., C.T., M.S., G.R.F., M.H., C.G., M.A.R.)
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27
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TSPO imaging in animal models of brain diseases. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:77-109. [PMID: 34245328 PMCID: PMC8712305 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the 18-kDa TSPO protein has been considered as the PET imaging biomarker of reference to measure increased neuroinflammation. Generally assumed to image activated microglia, TSPO has also been detected in endothelial cells and activated astrocytes. Here, we provide an exhaustive overview of the recent literature on the TSPO-PET imaging (i) in the search and development of new TSPO tracers and (ii) in the understanding of acute and chronic neuroinflammation in animal models of neurological disorders. Generally, studies testing new TSPO radiotracers against the prototypic [11C]-R-PK11195 or more recent competitors use models of acute focal neuroinflammation (e.g. stroke or lipopolysaccharide injection). These studies have led to the development of over 60 new tracers during the last 15 years. These studies highlighted that interpretation of TSPO-PET is easier in acute models of focal lesions, whereas in chronic models with lower or diffuse microglial activation, such as models of Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, TSPO quantification for detection of neuroinflammation is more challenging, mirroring what is observed in clinic. Moreover, technical limitations of preclinical scanners provide a drawback when studying modest neuroinflammation in small brains (e.g. in mice). Overall, this review underlines the value of TSPO imaging to study the time course or response to treatment of neuroinflammation in acute or chronic models of diseases. As such, TSPO remains the gold standard biomarker reference for neuroinflammation, waiting for new radioligands for other, more specific targets for neuroinflammatory processes and/or immune cells to emerge.
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28
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Zhang S, Lachance BB, Mattson MP, Jia X. Glucose metabolic crosstalk and regulation in brain function and diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102089. [PMID: 34118354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brain glucose metabolism, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glycogen turnover, produces ATP for energetic support and provides the precursors for the synthesis of biological macromolecules. Although glucose metabolism in neurons and astrocytes has been extensively studied, the glucose metabolism of microglia and oligodendrocytes, and their interactions with neurons and astrocytes, remain critical to understand brain function. Brain regions with heterogeneous cell composition and cell-type-specific profiles of glucose metabolism suggest that metabolic networks within the brain are complex. Signal transduction proteins including those in the Wnt, GSK-3β, PI3K-AKT, and AMPK pathways are involved in regulating these networks. Additionally, glycolytic enzymes and metabolites, such as hexokinase 2, acetyl-CoA, and enolase 2, are implicated in the modulation of cellular function, microglial activation, glycation, and acetylation of biomolecules. Given these extensive networks, glucose metabolism dysfunction in the whole brain or specific cell types is strongly associated with neurologic pathology including ischemic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. This review characterizes the glucose metabolism networks of the brain based on molecular signaling and cellular and regional interactions, and elucidates glucose metabolism-based mechanisms of neurological diseases and therapeutic approaches that may ameliorate metabolic abnormalities in those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States.
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29
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Fairley LH, Wong JH, Barron AM. Mitochondrial Regulation of Microglial Immunometabolism in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624538. [PMID: 33717134 PMCID: PMC7947196 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-associated terminal neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments. Dysfunction of innate immunity is implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, with genetic studies supporting a causative role in the disease. Microglia, the effector cells of innate immunity in the brain, are highly plastic and perform a diverse range of specialist functions in AD, including phagocytosing and removing toxic aggregates of beta amyloid and tau that drive neurodegeneration. These immune functions require high energy demand, which is regulated by mitochondria. Reflecting this, microglia have been shown to be highly metabolically flexible, reprogramming their mitochondrial function upon inflammatory activation to meet their energy demands. However, AD-associated genetic risk factors and pathology impair microglial metabolic programming, and metabolic derailment has been shown to cause innate immune dysfunction in AD. These findings suggest that immunity and metabolic function are intricately linked processes, and targeting microglial metabolism offers a window of opportunity for therapeutic treatment of AD. Here, we review evidence for the role of metabolic programming in inflammatory functions in AD, and discuss mitochondrial-targeted immunotherapeutics for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Fairley
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Hui Wong
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna M Barron
- Neurobiology of Aging and Disease Laboratory, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Rajagopalan V, Pioro EP. Degeneration of gray and white matter differs between hypometabolic and hypermetabolic brain regions in a patient with ALS-FTD: a longitudinal MRI - PET multimodal study. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 22:127-132. [PMID: 32924608 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1818784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain in ALS patients with frontotemporal lobe dementia (ALS-FTD) reveal hypometabolism and hypermetabolism, as well as gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) abnormalities in different brain regions, respectively. Hypometabolism arising from neuronal dysfunction or loss is the most recognized pathophysiologic change in neurodegeneration, whereas mechanisms underlying hypermetabolism remain unclear. We hypothesize that hypometabolic and hypermetabolic brain regions in ALS-FTD represent differential degeneration of GM and WM structures, as revealed by co-registered MRI in a two time-point longitudinal multimodal study. Methods: A 69-year-old female with ALS-FTD underwent 18F-FDG PET, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and T1-weighted MRI at baseline (15 months after symptom onset), and 20.4 months later. Cerebral glucose metabolism rate, cortical thickness, cortical area, and WM network changes were measured longitudinally. Results and conclusion: The patient had symptoms and signs of bulbar-onset upper motor neuron (UMN)-predominant ALS with language and behavioral dysfunction. Evaluation at baseline showed bulbar dysfunction, and impaired language and executive function. At follow-up, worsened bulbar and other motor functions, and prominent FTD both reflected significant progression. Cortical thickness and surface area showed differential involvement in the hypometabolic and hypermetabolic regions. WM connections from frontal regions to other brain regions were completely absent by graph theory-based network analysis when compared to temporal regions indicating prominent frontal lobe degeneration. Structural neuroimaging reveals different patterns of GM and WM involvement in the hypometabolic and hypermetabolic brain regions in a patient with ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Rajagopalan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Erik P Pioro
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA, and
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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31
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Almeida RF, Nonose Y, Ganzella M, Loureiro SO, Rocha A, Machado DG, Bellaver B, Fontella FU, Leffa DT, Pettenuzzo LF, Venturin GT, Greggio S, da Costa JC, Zimmer ER, Elisabetsky E, Souza DO. Antidepressant-Like Effects of Chronic Guanosine in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Mouse Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:701408. [PMID: 34421682 PMCID: PMC8371253 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.701408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) leads to pervasive changes in the health of afflicted patients. Despite advances in the understanding of MDD and its treatment, profound innovation is needed to develop fast-onset antidepressants with higher effectiveness. When acutely administered, the endogenous nucleoside guanosine (GUO) shows fast-onset antidepressant-like effects in several mouse models, including the olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) rodent model. OBX is advocated to possess translational value and be suitable to assess the time course of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This study aimed at investigating the long-term behavioral and neurochemical effects of GUO in a mouse model of depression induced by bilateral bulbectomy (OBX). Mice were submitted to OBX and, after 14 days of recovery, received daily (ip) administration of 7.5 mg/kg GUO or 40 mg/kg imipramine (IMI) for 45 days. GUO and IMI reversed the OBX-induced hyperlocomotion and recognition memory impairment, hippocampal BDNF increase, and redox imbalance (ROS, NO, and GSH levels). GUO also mitigated the OBX-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-10). Brain microPET imaging ([18F]FDG) shows that GUO also prevented the OBX-induced increase in hippocampal FDG metabolism. These results provide additional evidence for GUO antidepressant-like effects, associated with beneficial neurochemical outcomes relevant to counteract depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Farina Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Nonose
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ganzella
- Neurobiology Department, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Samanta Oliveira Loureiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniele Guilhermano Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellaver
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Urruth Fontella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Douglas T Leffa
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Outpatient Program & Development Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Pettenuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Brain Institute (Brains) of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Brain Institute (Brains) of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Brain Institute (Brains) of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departament of Pharmacology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elaine Elisabetsky
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo O Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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32
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Takeda H, Yamaguchi T, Yano H, Tanaka J. Microglial metabolic disturbances and neuroinflammation in cerebral infarction. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 145:130-139. [PMID: 33357771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury activates microglia, resident immune cells in the brain, and allows the infiltration of circulating immune cells into the ischemic lesions. Microglia play both exacerbating and protective roles in pathological processes and are thus often referred to as "double-edged swords." In ischemic brains, blood-borne macrophages play a role that is distinct from that of resident activated microglia. Recently, the metabolic alteration of immune cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders including cerebral infarction has become a critical target for investigation. We begin this review by describing the multifaceted functions of microglia in cerebral infarction. Next, we focus on the metabolic alterations that occur in microglia during pathological processes. We also discuss morphological changes that take place in the mitochondria, leading to functional disturbances, accompanied by alterations in microglial function. Moreover, we describe the involvement of the reactive oxygen species that are produced during aberrant metabolic activity. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies to ameliorate aggravative changes in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Takeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Teruaki Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
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33
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Bascuñana P, Brackhan M, Leiter I, Keller H, Jahreis I, Ross TL, Bengel FM, Bankstahl M, Bankstahl JP. Divergent metabolic substrate utilization in brain during epileptogenesis precedes chronic hypometabolism. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:204-213. [PMID: 30375913 PMCID: PMC6928550 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18809886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in metabolism during epileptogenesis may be a therapy target. Recently, an increase in amino acid transport into the brain was proposed to play a role in epileptogenesis. We aimed to characterize alterations of substrate utilization during epileptogenesis and in chronic epilepsy. The lithium-pilocarpine post status epilepticus (SE) rat model was used. We performed longitudinal O-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and calculated 18F-FET volume of distribution (Vt) and 18F-FDG uptake. Correlation analyses were performed with translocator protein-PET defined neuroinflammation from previously acquired data. We found reduced 18F-FET Vt at 48 h after SE (amygdala: -30.2%, p = 0.014), whereas 18F-FDG showed increased glucose uptake 4 and 24 h after SE (hippocampus: + 43.6% and +42.5%, respectively; p < 0.001) returning to baseline levels thereafter. In chronic epileptic animals, we found a reduction in 18F-FET and 18F-FDG in the hippocampus. No correlation was found for 18F-FET or 18F-FDG to microglial activation at seven days post SE. Whereas metabolic alterations do not reflect higher metabolism associated to activated microglia, they might be partially driven by chronic neuronal loss. However, both metabolisms diverge during early epileptogenesis, pointing to amino acid turnover as a possible biomarker and/or therapeutic target for epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bascuñana
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mirjam Brackhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Leiter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Keller
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Jahreis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias L Ross
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marion Bankstahl
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Zimmer L. [PET imaging for better understanding of normal and pathological neurotransmission]. Biol Aujourdhui 2019; 213:109-120. [PMID: 31829931 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2019025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography imaging is still an expanding field of preclinical and clinical investigations exploring the brain and its normal and pathological functions. In addition to technological improvements in PET scanners, the availability of suitable radiotracers for unexplored pharmacological targets is a key factor in this expansion. Many radiotracers (or radiopharmaceuticals, when administered to humans) have been developed by multidisciplinary teams to visualize and quantify a growing numbers of brain receptors, transporters, enzymes and other targets. The development of new PET radiotracers still represents an exciting challenge, given the large number of neurochemical functions that remain to be explored. In this article, we review the development context of the first preclinical radiotracers and their passage to humans. The main current contributions of PET radiotracers are described in terms of imaging neuronal metabolism, quantification of receptors and transporters, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory imaging. The different approaches to functional imaging of neurotransmission are also discussed. Finally, the contributions of PET imaging to the research and development of new brain drugs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Zimmer
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CNRS - INSERM - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1), Lyon, France - CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France - Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires, CEA, Saclay, France
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Tu D, Gao Y, Yang R, Guan T, Hong JS, Gao HM. The pentose phosphate pathway regulates chronic neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:255. [PMID: 31805953 PMCID: PMC6896486 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and neuroinflammation are increasingly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP, a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis) converts glucose-6-phosphate into pentoses and generates ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH thereby governing anabolic biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. Brains and immune cells display high activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. A postmortem study reveals dysregulation of G6PD enzyme in brains of PD patients. However, spatial and temporal changes in activity/expression of G6PD in PD remain undetermined. More importantly, it is unclear how dysfunction of G6PD and the PPP affects neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. METHODS We examined expression/activity of G6PD and its association with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in multiple chronic PD models generated by an intranigral/intraperitoneal injection of LPS, daily subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 days, or transgenic expression of A53T α-synuclein. Primary microglia were transfected with G6PD siRNAs and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine effects of G6PD knockdown on microglial activation and death of co-cultured neurons. LPS alone or with G6PD inhibitor(s) was administrated to mouse substantia nigra or midbrain neuron-glia cultures. While histological and biochemical analyses were conducted to examine microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo, rotarod behavior test was performed to evaluate locomotor impairment in mice. RESULTS Expression and activity of G6PD were elevated in LPS-treated midbrain neuron-glia cultures (an in vitro PD model) and the substantia nigra of four in vivo PD models. Such elevation was positively associated with microglial activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Furthermore, inhibition of G6PD by 6-aminonicotinamide and dehydroepiandrosterone and knockdown of microglial G6PD attenuated LPS-elicited chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, microglia with elevated G6PD activity/expression produced excessive NADPH and provided abundant substrate to over-activated NADPH oxidase (NOX2) leading to production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Knockdown and inhibition of G6PD ameliorated LPS-triggered production of ROS and activation of NF-кB thereby dampening microglial activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that G6PD-mediated PPP dysfunction and neuroinflammation exacerbated each other mediating chronic dopaminergic neurodegeneration and locomotor impairment. Insight into metabolic-inflammatory interface suggests that G6PD and NOX2 are potential therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhen Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yun Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Ru Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tian Guan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jau-Shyong Hong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
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Perani D, Iaccarino L, Jacobs AH. Application of advanced brain positron emission tomography-based molecular imaging for a biological framework in neurodegenerative proteinopathies. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:327-332. [PMID: 31080871 PMCID: PMC6505113 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rapid transition from a clinical-based classification to a pathology-based classification of neurodegenerative conditions, largely promoted by the increasing availability of imaging biomarkers, is emerging. The Framework for Innovative Multi-tracer molecular Brain Imaging, funded by the EU Joint Program - Neurodegenerative Disease Research 2016 "Working Groups for Harmonisation and Alignment in Brain Imaging Methods for Neurodegeneration," aimed at providing a roadmap for the applications of established and new molecular imaging techniques in dementia. METHODS We consider current and future implications of adopting a pathology-based framework for the use and development of positron emission tomography techniques. RESULTS This approach will enhance efforts to understand the multifactorial etiology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. DISCUSSION The availability of pathology biomarkers will soon transform clinical and research practice. Crucially, a comprehensive understanding of strengths and caveats of these techniques will promote an informed use to take full advantage of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- In Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreas H. Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus, Bonn, Germany
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Baik SH, Kang S, Lee W, Choi H, Chung S, Kim JI, Mook-Jung I. A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Metab 2019; 30:493-507.e6. [PMID: 31257151 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive microglia are a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the exact role of microglia in AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, using metabolic profiling, we found that exposure to amyloid-β triggers acute microglial inflammation accompanied by metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. It was dependent on the mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. However, once activated, microglia reached a chronic tolerant phase as a result of broad defects in energy metabolisms and subsequently diminished immune responses, including cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. Using genome-wide RNA sequencing and multiphoton microscopy techniques, we further identified metabolically defective microglia in 5XFAD mice, an AD mouse model. Finally, we showed that metabolic boosting with recombinant interferon-γ treatment reversed the defective glycolytic metabolism and inflammatory functions of microglia, thereby mitigating the AD pathology of 5XFAD mice. Collectively, metabolic reprogramming is crucial for microglial functions in AD, and modulating metabolism might be a new therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Baik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Seokjo Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Woochan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Sunwoo Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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Szöllősi D, Hegedűs N, Veres DS, Futó I, Horváth I, Kovács N, Martinecz B, Dénes Á, Seifert D, Bergmann R, Lebeda O, Varga Z, Kaleta Z, Szigeti K, Máthé D. Evaluation of Brain Nuclear Medicine Imaging Tracers in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:952-962. [PMID: 29736562 PMCID: PMC6244542 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate a set of widely used nuclear medicine imaging agents as possible methods to study the early effects of systemic inflammation on the living brain in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE). The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine systemic inflammation model was selected as a model of SAE. Procedures C57BL/6 mice were used. A multimodal imaging protocol was carried out on each animal 4 h following the intravenous administration of LPS using the following tracers: [99mTc][2,2-dimethyl-3-[(3E)-3-oxidoiminobutan-2-yl]azanidylpropyl]-[(3E)-3-hydroxyiminobutan-2-yl]azanide ([99mTc]HMPAO) and ethyl-7-[125I]iodo-5-methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate ([125I]iomazenil) to measure brain perfusion and neuronal damage, respectively; 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) to measure cerebral glucose uptake. We assessed microglia activity on another group of mice using 2-[6-chloro-2-(4-[125I]iodophenyl)-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methyl-acetamide ([125I]CLINME). Radiotracer uptakes were measured in different brain regions and correlated. Microglia activity was also assessed using immunohistochemistry. Brain glutathione levels were measured to investigate oxidative stress. Results Significantly reduced perfusion values and significantly enhanced [18F]FDG and [125I]CLINME uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group. Following perfusion compensation, enhanced [125I]iomazenil uptake was measured in the LPS-treated group’s hippocampus and cerebellum. In this group, both [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake showed highly negative correlation to perfusion measured with ([99mTc]HMPAO uptake in all brain regions. No significant differences were detected in brain glutathione levels between the groups. The CD45 and P2Y12 double-labeling immunohistochemistry showed widespread microglia activation in the LPS-treated group. Conclusions Our results suggest that [125I]CLINME and [99mTc]HMPAO SPECT can be used to detect microglia activation and brain hypoperfusion, respectively, in the early phase (4 h post injection) of systemic inflammation. We suspect that the enhancement of [18F]FDG and [125I]iomazenil uptake in the LPS-treated group does not necessarily reflect neural hypermetabolism and the lack of neuronal damage. They are most likely caused by processes emerging during neuroinflammation, e.g., microglia activation and/or immune cell infiltration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11307-018-1201-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Dániel S Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Futó
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - Noémi Kovács
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, H-1047, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Martinecz
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Seifert
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, CZ 250 68, Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Helmholz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Radiopharmazie Radiopharmaceutische Biologie, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ondřej Lebeda
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, CZ 250 68, Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary.,Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kaleta
- Progressio Fine Chemical Engineering Ltd, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis Univ, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary.
| | - Domokos Máthé
- CROmed Translational Research Centers, Budapest, H-1047, Hungary
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Rajagopalan V, Pioro EP. Longitudinal 18F-FDG PET and MRI Reveal Evolving Imaging Pathology That Corresponds to Disease Progression in a Patient With ALS-FTD. Front Neurol 2019; 10:234. [PMID: 30941090 PMCID: PMC6433744 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Single time point positron emission tomography (PET) studies of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD), have demonstrated hypometabolism or hypermetabolism in certain brain regions. To determine whether longitudinal (at baseline and 20.4 months later) PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveal evolving brain imaging pathology corresponding to clinical progression in a patient with ALS-FTD, cerebral glucose metabolic rate, cortical thickness (CT) and cortical area (CA) were obtained and symmetric percent change (SPC) for each calculated. The patient had worsening symptoms and signs of bulbar-onset upper motor neuron-predominant ALS as well as language and behavioral dysfunction. At baseline, minimally decreased ALSFRS-R (42/48) reflecting bulbar dysfunction was observed, along with language and executive function difficulties. At follow-up, bulbar and limb function rapidly declined as revealed by lower ALSFRS-R (27/48) and worsening language and cognitive function. PET revealed either hyper- and hypo-metabolic changes in several brain regions, especially in the left hemisphere. Marked clinical decline was accompanied by worsening cerebral and subcortical hyper and hypo-metabolism along with CT changes in regions known to degenerate in the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) form of ALS-FTD. Our case report demonstrates the progressive functional and structural neuroimaging abnormalities underlying clinical motor and neurocognitive deficits evolving in a patient with bulbar-onset ALS-FTD. Correlating neurological and neurocognitive decline with PET and MRI neuroimaging measures can provide better insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of ALS and ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Rajagopalan
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Erik P Pioro
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Adlimoghaddam A, Snow WM, Stortz G, Perez C, Djordjevic J, Goertzen AL, Ko JH, Albensi BC. Regional hypometabolism in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:264-277. [PMID: 30878533 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease. Although neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta are classic hallmarks of AD, the earliest deficits in AD progression may be caused by unknown factors. One suspected factor has to do with brain energy metabolism. To investigate this factor, brain metabolic activity in 3xTg-AD mice and age-matched controls were measured with FDG-PET. Significant hypometabolic changes (p < .01) in brain metabolism were detected in the cortical piriform and insular regions of AD brains relative to controls. These regions are associated with olfaction, which is a potential clinical marker for AD progression as well as neurogenesis. The activity of the terminal component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (complex IV) and the expression of complex I-V were significantly decreased (p < .05), suggesting that impaired metabolic activity coupled with impaired oxidative phosphorylation leads to decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics and subsequent Neurodegeneration. Although there is an association between neuroinflammatory pathological markers (microglial) and hypometabolism in AD, there was no association found between neuropathological (Aβ, tau, and astrocytes) and functional changes in AD sensitive brain regions, also suggesting that brain hypometabolism occurs prior to AD pathology. Therefore, targeting metabolic mechanisms in cortical piriform and insular regions at early stages may be a promising approach for preventing, slowing, and/or blocking the onset of AD and preserving neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Adlimoghaddam
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Canada; Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | | | - Claudia Perez
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Canada; Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jelena Djordjevic
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Canada; Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Ji Hyun Ko
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, Canada; Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Research, Canada; Dept. of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Canada.
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Aldana BI. Microglia-Specific Metabolic Changes in Neurodegeneration. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1830-1842. [PMID: 30878483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high energetic demand of the brain deems this organ rather sensitive to changes in energy supply. Therefore, even minor alterations in energy metabolism may underlie detrimental disturbances in brain function, contributing to the generation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Considerable evidence supports the key role of deficits in cerebral energy metabolism, particularly hypometabolism of glucose and mitochondrial dysfunction, in the pathophysiology of brain disorders. Major breakthroughs in the field of bioenergetics and neurodegeneration have been achieved through the use of in vitro and in vivo models of disease as well as sophisticated neuroimaging techniques in patients, yet these have been mainly focused on neuron and astrocyte function. Remarkably, the subcellular metabolic mechanisms linked to neurodegeneration that operate in other crucial brain cell types such as microglia have remain obscured, although they are beginning to be unraveled. Microglia, the brain-resident immune sentinels, perform a diverse range of functions that require a high-energy expenditure, namely, their role in brain development, maintenance of the neural environment, response to injury and infection, and activation of repair programs. Interestingly, another key mechanism underlying several neurodegenerative diseases is neuroinflammation, which can be associated with chronic microglia activation. Considering that many brain disorders are accompanied by changes in brain energy metabolism and sustained inflammation, and that energy metabolism has a strong influence on the inflammatory responses of microglia, the emerging significance of microglial energy metabolism in neurodegeneration is highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang L, Pavlou S, Du X, Bhuckory M, Xu H, Chen M. Glucose transporter 1 critically controls microglial activation through facilitating glycolysis. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:2. [PMID: 30634998 PMCID: PMC6329071 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled microglial activation contributes to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have shown that proinflammatory microglia are powered by glycolysis, which relays on high levels of glucose uptake. This study aimed to understand how glucose uptake is facilitated in active microglia and whether microglial activation can be controlled by restricting glucose uptake. METHODS Primary murine brain microglia, BV2 cells and the newly established microglial cell line B6M7 were treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) + IFNγ (100 ng/ml) or IL-4 (20 ng/ml) for 24 h. The expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) was examined by PCR and Western blot. Glucose uptake by microglia was inhibited using the GLUT1-specific inhibitor STF31. The metabolic profiles were tested using the Glycolysis Stress Test and Mito Stress Test Kits using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyser. Inflammatory gene expression was examined by real-time RT-PCR and protein secretion by cytokine beads array. The effect of STF31 on microglial activation and neurodegeneraion was further tested in a mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration. RESULTS The mRNA and protein of GLUT1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13 were detected in microglia. The expression level of GLUT1 was the highest among all GLUTs detected. LPS + IFNγ treatment further increased GLUT1 expression. STF31 dose-dependently reduced glucose uptake and suppressed Extracellular Acidification Rate (ECAR) in naïve, M(LPS + IFNγ) and M(IL-4) microglia. The treatment also prevented the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 in M(LPS + IFNγ) microglia. Interestingly, the Oxygen Consumption Rates (OCR) was increased in M(LPS + IFNγ) microglia but reduced in M(IL-4) microglia by STF31 treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of STF31 reduced light-induced microglial activation and retinal degeneration. CONCLUSION Glucose uptake in microglia is facilitated predominately by GLUT1, particularly under inflammatory conditions. Targeting GLUT1 could be an effective approach to control neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Wang
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sofia Pavlou
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Xuan Du
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Mohajeet Bhuckory
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Heping Xu
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Mei Chen
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Stankoff B, Poirion E, Tonietto M, Bodini B. Exploring the heterogeneity of MS lesions using positron emission tomography: a reappraisal of their contribution to disability. Brain Pathol 2018; 28:723-734. [PMID: 30020560 PMCID: PMC8099240 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological mechanisms driving disability worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS) are only partly understood. Monitoring changes in lesion load on MRI has a limited predictive value on the progression of clinical disability, and there is an essential need for novel imaging markers specific for the main candidate mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration which include failing myelin repair, innate immune cell activation and gray matter neuronal damage. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is an imaging technology based on the injection of radiotracers directed against specific molecular targets, which has recently allowed the selective quantification in-vivo of the key biological mechanisms relevant to MS pathophysiology. Pilot PET studies performed in patients with all forms of MS allowed to revisit the contribution of MS lesions to disability worsening and showed that the evolution of lesions toward chronic activation, together with their remyelination profile were relevant predictors of disability worsening. PET offers the opportunity to bridge a critical gap between neuropathology and in-vivo imaging. This technique provides an original approach to disentangle some of the most relevant pathological components driving MS progression, to follow-up their temporal evolution, to investigate their clinical relevance and to evaluate novel therapeutics aimed to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Paris 06Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreICMHôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreInserm UMR S 1127CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
- AP‐HPHôpital Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
| | - Emilie Poirion
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Paris 06Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreICMHôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreInserm UMR S 1127CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
| | - Matteo Tonietto
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Paris 06Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreICMHôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreInserm UMR S 1127CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne UniversitésUPMC Paris 06Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinièreICMHôpital de la Pitié SalpêtrièreInserm UMR S 1127CNRS UMR 7225ParisFrance
- AP‐HPHôpital Saint‐AntoineParisFrance
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45
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Lin LH, Jones S, Talman WT. Cellular Localization of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1 in Rat Nucleus Tractus Solitarii. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:219-232. [PMID: 28825196 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
By determining its cellular localization in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), we sought anatomical support for a putative physiological role for acid-sensing ion channel Type 1 (ASIC1) in chemosensitivity. Further, we sought to determine the effect of a lesion that produces gliosis in the area. In rats, we studied ASIC1 expression in control tissue with that in tissue with gliosis, which is associated with acidosis, after saporin lesions. We hypothesized that saporin would increase ASIC1 expression in areas of gliosis. Using fluorescent immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that cells and processes containing ASIC1-immunoreactivity (IR) were present in the NTS, the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus, and the area postrema. In control tissue, ASIC1-IR predominantly colocalized with IR for the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or the microglial marker, integrin αM (OX42). The subpostremal NTS was the only NTS region where neurons, identified by protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), contained ASIC1-IR. ASIC1-IR increased significantly (157 ± 8.6% of control, p < 0.001) in the NTS seven days after microinjection of saporin. As we reported previously, GFAP-IR was decreased in the center of the saporin injection site, but GFAP-IR was increased in the surrounding areas where OX42-IR, indicative of activated microglia, was also increased. The over-expressed ASIC1-IR colocalized with GFAP-IR and OX42-IR in those reactive astrocytes and microglia. Our results support the hypothesis that ASIC1 would be increased in activated microglia and in reactive astrocytes after injection of saporin into the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Susan Jones
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - William T Talman
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Neurology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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46
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Brendel M, Focke C, Blume T, Peters F, Deussing M, Probst F, Jaworska A, Overhoff F, Albert N, Lindner S, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Bartenstein P, Haass C, Kleinberger G, Herms J, Rominger A. Time Courses of Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Microglial Activity Across the Life Span of Wild-Type Mice: A PET Study. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1984-1990. [PMID: 28705919 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to findings in the human brain, 18F-FDG PET shows cerebral hypermetabolism of aged wild-type (WT) mice relative to younger animals, supposedly due to microglial activation. Therefore, we used dual-tracer small-animal PET to examine directly the link between neuroinflammation and hypermetabolism in aged mice. Methods: WT mice (5-20 mo) were investigated in a cross-sectional design using 18F-FDG (n = 43) and translocator protein (TSPO) (18F-GE180; n = 58) small-animal PET, with volume-of-interest and voxelwise analyses. Biochemical analysis of plasma cytokine levels and immunohistochemical confirmation of microglial activity were also performed. Results: Age-dependent cortical hypermetabolism in WT mice relative to young animals aged 5 mo peaked at 14.5 mo (+16%, P < 0.001) and declined to baseline at 20 mo. Similarly, cortical TSPO binding increased to a maximum at 14.5 mo (+15%, P < 0.001) and remained high to 20 mo, resulting in an overall correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and TSPO binding (R = 0.69, P < 0.005). Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the TSPO small-animal PET findings. Conclusion: Age-dependent neuroinflammation is associated with the controversial observation of cerebral hypermetabolism in aging WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Finn Peters
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Federico Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix Overhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and.,DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and.,DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and
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Blonz ER. Alzheimer's Disease as the Product of a Progressive Energy Deficiency Syndrome in the Central Nervous System: The Neuroenergetic Hypothesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:1223-1229. [PMID: 28946565 PMCID: PMC5676979 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The decreased availability of metabolizable energy resources in the central nervous system is hypothesized to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. More specifically, the age-related decline in the ability of glucose to cross the blood-brain barrier creates a metabolic stress that shifts the normal, benign processing of amyloid-β protein precursor toward pathways associated with the production of amyloid-β plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles that are characteristic of the disease. The neuroenergetic hypothesis provides insight into the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and illuminates new approaches for diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. Blonz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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