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Xu H, Li H, Zhang P, Gao Y, Ma H, Gao T, Liu H, Hua W, Zhang L, Zhang X, Yang P, Liu J. The functions of exosomes targeting astrocytes and astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1947-1953. [PMID: 38227520 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system; they participate in crucial biological processes, maintain brain structure, and regulate nervous system function. Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles containing various bioactive molecules including proteins, peptides, nucleotides, and lipids secreted from their cellular sources. Increasing evidence shows that exosomes participate in a communication network in the nervous system, in which astrocyte-derived exosomes play important roles. In this review, we have summarized the effects of exosomes targeting astrocytes and the astrocyte-derived exosomes targeting other cell types in the central nervous system. We also discuss the potential research directions of the exosome-based communication network in the nervous system. The exosome-based intercellular communication focused on astrocytes is of great significance to the biological and/or pathological processes in different conditions in the brain. New strategies may be developed for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders by focusing on astrocytes as the central cells and utilizing exosomes as communication mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - He Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Emergency, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilong Hua
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Jin Y, Cai D, Mo L, Jing G, Zeng L, Cheng H, Guo Q, Dai M, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen G, Li X, Shi S. Multifunctional nanogel loaded with cerium oxide nanozyme and CX3CL1 protein: Targeted immunomodulation and retinal protection in uveitis rat model. Biomaterials 2024; 309:122617. [PMID: 38788457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Effectively addressing retinal issues represents a pivotal aspect of blindness-related diseases. Novel approaches involving reducing inflammation and rebalancing the immune response are paramount in the treatment of these conditions. This study delves into the potential of a nanogel system comprising polyethylenimine-benzene boric acid-hyaluronic acid (PEI-PBA-HA). We have evaluated the collaborative impact of cerium oxide nanozyme and chemokine CX3CL1 protein for targeted immunomodulation and retinal protection in uveitis models. Our nanogel system specifically targets the posterior segment of the eyes. The synergistic effect in this area reduces oxidative stress and hampers the activation of microglia, thereby alleviating the pathological immune microenvironment. This multifaceted drug delivery system disrupts the cycle of oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune response, suppressing initial immune cells and limiting local retinal structural damage induced by excessive immune reactions. Our research sheds light on interactions within retinal target cells, providing a promising avenue for the development of efficient and innovative drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Danyang Cai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Lihua Mo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Gaosa Jing
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Hui Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Qi Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Mali Dai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Jinrun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada; Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada.
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Shuai Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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3
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Heuer SE, Bloss EB, Howell GR. Strategies to dissect microglia-synaptic interactions during aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2024; 254:109987. [PMID: 38705570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Age is the largest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder that causes a progressive and severe dementia. The underlying cause of cognitive deficits seen in AD is thought to be the disconnection of neural circuits that control memory and executive functions. Insight into the mechanisms by which AD diverges from normal aging will require identifying precisely which cellular events are driven by aging and which are impacted by AD-related pathologies. Since microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, are known to have critical roles in the formation and maintenance of neural circuits through synaptic pruning, they are well-positioned to modulate synaptic connectivity in circuits sensitive to aging or AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of the field and on emerging technologies being employed to elucidate microglia-synaptic interactions in aging and AD. We also discuss the importance of leveraging genetic diversity to study how these interactions are shaped across more realistic contexts. We propose that these approaches will be essential to define specific aging- and disease-relevant trajectories for more personalized therapeutics aimed at reducing the effects of age or AD pathologies on the brain. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Heuer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Erik B Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Gareth R Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
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4
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Brockie S, Zhou C, Fehlings MG. Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury: role of astrocytes and microglia. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1678-1685. [PMID: 38103231 PMCID: PMC10960308 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin, with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our society. Moreover, as the global population ages, individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases, especially involving the cervical spinal cord. This makes recovery and treatment approaches particularly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative capacity. For these reasons, it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory response. This review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways, as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after injury. Further, we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling, as well as their border-forming response to neural lesions. Both the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous system. Recent advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are directed. Understanding key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Brockie
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Zhou
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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5
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Cutugno G, Kyriakidou E, Nadjar A. Rethinking the role of microglia in obesity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109951. [PMID: 38615749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), implying their role in maintaining brain homeostasis. To achieve this, these cells are sensitive to a plethora of endogenous and exogenous signals, such as neuronal activity, cellular debris, hormones, and pathological patterns, among many others. More recent research suggests that microglia are highly responsive to nutrients and dietary variations. In this context, numerous studies have demonstrated their significant role in the development of obesity under calorie surfeit. Because many reviews already exist on this topic, we have chosen to present the state of our reflections on various concepts put forth in the literature, bringing a new perspective whenever possible. Our literature review focuses on studies conducted in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, a key structure in the control of food intake. Specifically, we present the recent data available on the modifications of microglial energy metabolism following the consumption of an obesogenic diet and their consequences on hypothalamic neuron activity. We also highlight the studies unraveling the mechanisms underlying obesity-related sexual dimorphism. The review concludes with a list of questions that remain to be addressed in the field to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the role of microglia in the regulation of body energy metabolism. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cutugno
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - E Kyriakidou
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Nadjar
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
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6
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Leavy A, Phelan J, Jimenez-Mateos EM. Contribution of microglia to the epileptiform activity that results from neonatal hypoxia. Neuropharmacology 2024; 253:109968. [PMID: 38692453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are described as the immune cells of the brain, their immune properties have been extensively studied since first described, however, their neural functions have only been explored over the last decade. Microglia have an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the central nervous system by surveying their surroundings to detect pathogens or damage cells. While these are the classical functions described for microglia, more recently their neural functions have been defined; they are critical to the maturation of neurons during embryonic and postnatal development, phagocytic microglia remove excess synapses during development, a process called synaptic pruning, which is important to overall neural maturation. Furthermore, microglia can respond to neuronal activity and, together with astrocytes, can regulate neural activity, contributing to the equilibrium between excitation and inhibition through a feedback loop. Hypoxia at birth is a serious neurological condition that disrupts normal brain function resulting in seizures and epilepsy later in life. Evidence has shown that microglia may contribute to this hyperexcitability after neonatal hypoxia. This review will summarize the existing data on the role of microglia in the pathogenesis of neonatal hypoxia and the plausible mechanisms that contribute to the development of hyperexcitability after hypoxia in neonates. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Leavy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessie Phelan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva M Jimenez-Mateos
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Bridge S, Karagiannis SN, Borsini A. The complex role of the chemokine CX3CL1/Fractalkine in major depressive disorder: A narrative review of preclinical and clinical studies. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100778. [PMID: 38706575 PMCID: PMC11070239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation exhibits a dual role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), both potentiating the onset of depressive symptoms and developing as a consequence of them. Our narrative review focuses on the role of the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) (also known as CX3CL1), which has gained increasing interest for its ability to induce changes to microglial phenotypes through interaction with its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1) that may impact neurophysiological processes relevant to MDD. Despite this, there is a lack of a clear understanding of the role of FKN in MDD. Overall, our review of the literature shows the involvement of FKN in MDD, both in preclinical models of depression, and in clinical studies of depressed patients. Preclinical studies (N = 8) seem to point towards two alternative hypotheses for FKN's role in MDD: a) FKN may drive pro-inflammatory changes to microglia that contribute towards MDD pathogenesis; or b) FKN may inhibit pro-inflammatory changes to microglia, thereby exerting a protective effect against MDD pathogenesis. Evidence for a) primarily derives from preclinical chronic stress models of depression in mice, whereas for b) from preclinical inflammation models of depression. Whereas, in humans, clinical studies (N = 4) consistently showed a positive association between FKN and presence of MDD, however it is not clear whether FKN is driving or moderating MDD pathogenesis. Future studies should aim for larger and more controlled clinical cohorts, in order to advance our understanding of FKN role both in the context of stress and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bridge
- Guy's King's and St Thomas' School of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, United Kingdom
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8
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VanElzakker MB, Bues HF, Brusaferri L, Kim M, Saadi D, Ratai EM, Dougherty DD, Loggia ML. Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [ 11C]PBR28 PET correlates with vascular disease measures. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:713-723. [PMID: 38642615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has triggered a consequential public health crisis of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), sometimes referred to as long COVID. The mechanisms of the heterogeneous persistent symptoms and signs that comprise PASC are under investigation, and several studies have pointed to the central nervous and vascular systems as being potential sites of dysfunction. In the current study, we recruited individuals with PASC with diverse symptoms, and examined the relationship between neuroinflammation and circulating markers of vascular dysfunction. We used [11C]PBR28 PET neuroimaging, a marker of neuroinflammation, to compare 12 PASC individuals versus 43 normative healthy controls. We found significantly increased neuroinflammation in PASC versus controls across a wide swath of brain regions including midcingulate and anterior cingulate cortex, corpus callosum, thalamus, basal ganglia, and at the boundaries of ventricles. We also collected and analyzed peripheral blood plasma from the PASC individuals and found significant positive correlations between neuroinflammation and several circulating analytes related to vascular dysfunction. These results suggest that an interaction between neuroinflammation and vascular health may contribute to common symptoms of PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B VanElzakker
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; PolyBio Research Foundation, Medford, MA, USA.
| | - Hannah F Bues
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ludovica Brusaferri
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Computer Science And Informatics, School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Minhae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deena Saadi
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Ratai
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Division of Neurotherapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco L Loggia
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Yan L, Chen C, Wang L, Hong H, Wu C, Huang J, Jiang J, Chen J, Xu G, Cui Z. Analysis of gene expression in microglial apoptotic cell clearance following spinal cord injury based on machine learning algorithms. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:292. [PMID: 38827468 PMCID: PMC11140288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological complication following spinal fracture, which has long posed a challenge for clinicians. Microglia play a dual role in the pathophysiological process after SCI, both beneficial and detrimental. The underlying mechanisms of microglial actions following SCI require further exploration. The present study combined three different machine learning algorithms, namely weighted gene co-expression network analysis, random forest analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis, to screen for differentially expressed genes in the GSE96055 microglia dataset after SCI. It then used protein-protein interaction networks and gene set enrichment analysis with single genes to investigate the key genes and signaling pathways involved in microglial function following SCI. The results indicated that microglia not only participate in neuroinflammation but also serve a significant role in the clearance mechanism of apoptotic cells following SCI. Notably, bioinformatics analysis and lipopolysaccharide + UNC569 (a MerTK-specific inhibitor) stimulation of BV2 cell experiments showed that the expression levels of Anxa2, Myo1e and Spp1 in microglia were significantly upregulated following SCI, thus potentially involved in regulating the clearance mechanism of apoptotic cells. The present study suggested that Anxa2, Myo1e and Spp1 may serve as potential targets for the future treatment of SCI and provided a theoretical basis for the development of new methods and drugs for treating SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Chu Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Chunshuai Wu
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Jiang
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- The First People's Hospital of Nantong, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
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10
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang B, Xie C, Wang J, Fang R, Dong H, Fan G, Wang M, He Y, Shen C, Duan Y, Zhao J, Liu Z, Li Q, Ma Y, Yu M, Wang J, Fei J, Xiao L, Huang F. Pyroptosis-mediator GSDMD promotes Parkinson's disease pathology via microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal death. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:129-145. [PMID: 38552923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis occurs in the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease animals, yet the role of GSDMD in neuroinflammation and death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease remains elusive. Here, our in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that GSDMD, as a pyroptosis executor, contributed to glial reaction and death of dopaminergic neurons across different Parkinson's disease models. The ablation of the Gsdmd attenuated Parkinson's disease damage by reducing dopaminergic neuronal death, microglial activation, and detrimental transformation. Disulfiram, an inhibitor blocking GSDMD pore formation, efficiently curtailed pyroptosis, thereby lessening the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, a modification in GSDMD was identified in the blood of Parkinson's disease patients in contrast to healthy subjects. Therefore, the detected alteration in GSDMD within the blood of Parkinson's disease patients and the protective impact of disulfiram could be promising for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuantong Xie
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangchun Fan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengze Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenye Shen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaolin Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, INC., Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lei Xiao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing' an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Rodrigues FDS, Newton WR, Tassinari ID, da Cunha Xavier FH, Marx A, de Fraga LS, Wright K, Guedes RP, Bambini-Jr V. Cannabidiol prevents LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and iNOS activity in BV2 microglia cells via CB2 receptors and PPARγ. Neurochem Int 2024; 177:105769. [PMID: 38761855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation stands as a critical player in the pathogenesis of diverse neurological disorders, with microglial cells playing a central role in orchestrating the inflammatory landscape within the central nervous system. Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained attention for its potential to elicit anti-inflammatory responses in microglia, offering promising perspectives for conditions associated with neuroinflammation. Here we investigated whether the NLRP3 inflammasome and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are involved in the protective effects of CBD, and if their modulation is dependent on cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) and PPARγ signalling pathways. We found that treatment with CBD attenuated pro-inflammatory markers in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged BV2 microglia in a CB2- and PPARγ-dependent manner. At a molecular level, CBD inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory responses by suppressing iNOS and NLRP3/Caspase-1-dependent signalling cascades, resulting in reduced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations. Notably, the protective effects of CBD on NLRP3 expression, Caspase-1 activity, and IL-1β concentration were partially hindered by the antagonism of both CB2 receptors and PPARγ, while iNOS expression and NO secretion were dependent exclusively on PPARγ activation, with no CB2 involvement. Interestingly, CBD exhibited a protective effect against TNF-α increase, regardless of CB2 or PPARγ activation. Altogether, these findings indicate that CB2 receptors and PPARγ mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD on the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, iNOS activity and, ultimately, on microglial phenotype. Our results highlight the specific components responsible for the potential therapeutic applications of CBD on neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom.
| | - William Robert Newton
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Exeter University, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom; Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Adél Marx
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom.
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Karen Wright
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom.
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Victorio Bambini-Jr
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom.
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12
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Ugursu B, Sah A, Sartori S, Popp O, Mertins P, Dunay IR, Kettenmann H, Singewald N, Wolf SA. Microglial sex differences in innate high anxiety and modulatory effects of minocycline. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:465-481. [PMID: 38552926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia modulate synaptic refinement in the central nervous system (CNS). We have previously shown that a mouse model with innate high anxiety-related behavior (HAB) displays higher CD68+ microglia density in the key regions of anxiety circuits compared to mice with normal anxiety-related behavior (NAB) in males, and that minocycline treatment attenuated the enhanced anxiety of HAB male. Given that a higher prevalence of anxiety is widely reported in females compared to males, little is known concerning sex differences at the cellular level. Herein, we address this by analyzing microglia heterogeneity and function in the HAB and NAB brains of both sexes. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed ten distinct microglia clusters varied by their frequency and gene expression profile. We report striking sex differences, especially in the major microglia clusters of HABs, indicating a higher expression of genes associated with phagocytosis and synaptic engulfment in the female compared to the male. On a functional level, we show that female HAB microglia engulfed a greater amount of hippocampal vGLUT1+ excitatory synapses compared to the male. We moreover show that female HAB microglia engulfed more synaptosomes compared to the male HAB in vitro. Due to previously reported effects of minocycline on microglia, we finally administered oral minocycline to HABs of both sexes and showed a significant reduction in the engulfment of synapses by female HAB microglia. In parallel to our microglia-specific findings, we further showed an anxiolytic effect of minocycline on female HABs, which is complementary to our previous findings in the male HABs. Our study, therefore, identifies the altered function of synaptic engulfment by microglia as a potential avenue to target and resolve microglia heterogeneity in mice with innate high anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Ugursu
- Psychoneuroimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Experimental Ophthalmology, ChariteUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Anupam Sah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Sartori
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Mertins
- Proteomics Platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ildiko R Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Immunomodulation for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and CMBI, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Psychoneuroimmunology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany; Experimental Ophthalmology, ChariteUniversitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Chen Y, Luan P, Liu J, Wei Y, Wang C, Wu R, Wu Z, Jing M. Spatiotemporally selective astrocytic ATP dynamics encode injury information sensed by microglia following brain injury in mice. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01680-w. [PMID: 38862791 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Injuries to the brain result in tunable cell responses paired with stimulus properties, suggesting the existence of intrinsic processes that encode and transmit injury information; however, the molecular mechanism of injury information encoding is unclear. Here, using ATP fluorescent indicators, we identify injury-evoked spatiotemporally selective ATP dynamics, Inflares, in adult mice of both sexes. Inflares are actively released from astrocytes and act as the internal representations of injury. Inflares encode injury intensity and position at their population level through frequency changes and are further decoded by microglia, driving changes in their activation state. Mismatches between Inflares and injury severity lead to microglia dysfunction and worsening of injury outcome. Blocking Inflares in ischemic stroke in mice reduces secondary damage and improves recovery of function. Our results suggest that astrocytic ATP dynamics encode injury information and are sensed by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Pengwei Luan
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yelan Wei
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Department of College of Physical Education and Sport, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Capital Medical University, Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
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14
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Wang X, Wen D, Xia F, Fang M, Zheng J, You C, Ma L. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Revealed White Matter Repair Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2024:10.1007/s12975-024-01265-6. [PMID: 38861152 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-024-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Existing research indicates the potential for white matter injury repair during the subacute phase following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, elucidating the role of brain cell subpopulations in the acute and subacute phases of SAH pathogenesis remains challenging due to the cellular heterogeneity of the central nervous system. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was conducted on SAH model mice to delineate distinct cell populations. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed to identify involved pathways, and cellular interactions were explored using the CellChat package in R software. Validation of the findings involved a comprehensive approach, including magnetic resonance imaging, immunofluorescence double staining, and Western blot analyses. This study identified ten major brain clusters with cell type-specific gene expression patterns. Notably, we observed infiltration and clonal expansion of reparative microglia in white matter-enriched regions during the subacute stage after SAH. Additionally, microglia-associated pleiotrophin (PTN) was identified as having a role in mediating the regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in SAH model mice, implicating the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. These findings emphasize the vital role of microglia-OPC interactions might occur via the PTN pathway, potentially contributing to white matter repair during the subacute phase after SAH. Our analysis revealed precise transcriptional changes in the acute and subacute phases after SAH, offering insights into the mechanism of SAH and for the development of drugs that target-specific cell subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingke Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- West China Brain Research Centre, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Poletti S, Mazza MG, Benedetti F. Inflammatory mediators in major depression and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:247. [PMID: 38851764 PMCID: PMC11162479 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02921-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling illnesses defined by different psychopathological, neuroimaging, and cognitive profiles. In the last decades, immune dysregulation has received increasing attention as a central factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Several aspects of immune dysregulations have been investigated, including, low-grade inflammation cytokines, chemokines, cell populations, gene expression, and markers of both peripheral and central immune activation. Understanding the distinct immune profiles characterizing the two disorders is indeed of crucial importance for differential diagnosis and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on the dysregulation of the immune response system focusing our attention on studies using inflammatory markers to discriminate between MDD and BD. High heterogeneity characterized the available literature, reflecting the heterogeneity of the disorders. Common alterations in the immune response system include high pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. On the contrary, a greater involvement of chemokines and markers associated with innate immunity has been reported in BD together with dynamic changes in T cells with differentiation defects during childhood which normalize in adulthood, whereas classic mediators of immune responses such as IL-4 and IL-10 are present in MDD together with signs of immune-senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Gennaro Mazza
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology Unit, Division of Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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16
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Lau AA, Jin K, Beard H, Windram T, Xie K, O'Brien JA, Neumann D, King BM, Snel MF, Trim PJ, Mitrofanis J, Hemsley KM, Austin PJ. Photobiomodulation in the infrared spectrum reverses the expansion of circulating natural killer cells and brain microglial activation in Sanfilippo mice. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38849324 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome results from inherited mutations in genes encoding lysosomal enzymes that catabolise heparan sulfate (HS), leading to early childhood-onset neurodegeneration. This study explores the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM), which is neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory in several neurodegenerative diseases; it is also safe and PBM devices are readily available. We investigated the effects of 10-14 days transcranial PBM at 670 nm (2 or 4 J/cm2/day) or 904 nm (4 J/cm2/day) in young (3 weeks) and older (15 weeks) Sanfilippo or mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice. Although we found no PBM-induced changes in HS accumulation, astrocyte activation, CD206 (an anti-inflammatory marker) and BDNF expression in the brains of Sanfilippo mice, there was a near-normalisation of microglial activation in older MPS IIIA mice by 904 nm PBM, with decreased IBA1 expression and a return of their morphology towards a resting state. Immune cell immunophenotyping of peripheral blood with mass cytometry revealed increased pro-inflammatory signalling through pSTAT1 and p-p38 in NK and T cells in young but not older MPS IIIA mice (5 weeks of age), and expansion of NK, B and CD8+ T cells in older affected mice (17 weeks of age), highlighting the importance of innate and adaptive lymphocytes in Sanfilippo syndrome. Notably, 670 and 904 nm PBM both reversed the Sanfilippo-induced increase in pSTAT1 and p-p38 expression in multiple leukocyte populations in young mice, while 904 nm reversed the increase in NK cells in older mice. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the beneficial effects of PBM in Sanfilippo mice. The distinct reduction in microglial activation and NK cell pro-inflammatory signalling and number suggests PBM may alleviate neuroinflammation and lymphocyte activation, encouraging further investigation of PBM as a standalone, or complementary therapy in Sanfilippo syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lau
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Jin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Beard
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - T Windram
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - K Xie
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J A O'Brien
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Neumann
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - B M King
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - M F Snel
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Trim
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and MS-Imaging Core Facility, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - J Mitrofanis
- Fonds Clinatec, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - K M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - P J Austin
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Li L, Zhou J, Han L, Guo C, Ma S, Ge S, Qu Y. Intervention of CXCL5 attenuated neuroinflammation and promoted neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury. Neuroreport 2024; 35:549-557. [PMID: 38739900 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) exhibits a strong correlation with neurological impairment, which is a crucial target for improving the prognosis of TBI patients. The involvement of CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling in the regulation of neuroinflammation in brain injury models has been documented. Therefore, the effects of CXCL5 on post-TBI neuroinflammation and its potential mechanisms need to be explored. Following TBI, C57BL/6 mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of a CXCL5 neutralizing antibody (Nab-CXCL5) (5 mg/kg, 2 times/day). Subsequently, the effects on neuroinflammation, nerve injury, and neurological function were assessed. Nab-CXCL5 significantly reduced the release of inflammatory factors, inhibited the formation of inflammatory microglia and astrocytes, and reduced the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in TBI mice. Additionally, this intervention led to a reduction in neuronal impairment and facilitated the restoration of sensorimotor abilities, as well as improvements in learning and memory functions. Peripheral administration of the Nab-CXCL5 to TBI mice could suppress neuroinflammation, reduce neurological damage, and improve neurological function. Our data suggest that neutralizing antibodies against CXCL5 (Nab-CXCL5) may be a promising agent for treating TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Xi'an, China
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18
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Matteoli M. The role of microglial TREM2 in development: A path toward neurodegeneration? Glia 2024. [PMID: 38837837 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The nervous and the immune systems undergo a continuous cross talk, starting from early development and continuing throughout adulthood and aging. Defects in this cross talk contribute to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that are primarily involved in this bidirectional communication. Among the microglial genes, trem2 is a key player, controlling the functional state of microglia and being at the forefront of many processes that require interaction between microglia and other brain components, such as neurons and oligodendrocytes. The present review focuses on the early developmental window, describing the early brain processes in which TREM2 is primarily involved, including the modulation of synapse formation and elimination, the control of neuronal bioenergetic states as well as the contribution to myelination processes and neuronal circuit formation. By causing imbalances during these early maturation phases, dysfunctional TREM2 may have a striking impact on the adult brain, making it a more sensitive target for insults occurring during adulthood and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Matteoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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19
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Sarazin M, Lagarde J, El Haddad I, de Souza LC, Bellier B, Potier MC, Bottlaender M, Dorothée G. The path to next-generation disease-modifying immunomodulatory combination therapies in Alzheimer's disease. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00630-2. [PMID: 38839924 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The cautious optimism following recent anti-amyloid therapeutic trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) provides a glimmer of hope after years of disappointment. Although these encouraging results represent discernible progress, they also highlight the need to enhance further the still modest clinical efficacy of current disease-modifying immunotherapies. Here, we highlight crucial milestones essential for advancing precision medicine in AD. These include reevaluating the choice of therapeutic targets by considering the key role of both central neuroinflammation and peripheral immunity in disease pathogenesis, refining patient stratification by further defining the inflammatory component within the forthcoming ATN(I) (amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration (and inflammation)) classification of AD biomarkers and defining more accurate clinical outcomes and prognostic biomarkers that better reflect disease heterogeneity. Next-generation immunotherapies will need to go beyond the current antibody-only approach by simultaneously targeting pathological proteins together with innate neuroinflammation and/or peripheral-central immune crosstalk. Such innovative immunomodulatory combination therapy approaches should be evaluated in appropriately redesigned clinical therapeutic trials, which must carefully integrate the neuroimmune component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France.
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
| | - Inès El Haddad
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Cruz de Souza
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bertrand Bellier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7225, INSERM U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UNIACT, Neurospin, Joliot Institute, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Dorothée
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.
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20
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Romenskaja D, Jonavičė U, Pivoriūnas A. Extracellular vesicles promote autophagy in human microglia through lipid raft-dependent mechanisms. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38840471 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy dysfunction has been closely related with pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may act as potent anti-inflammatory agents and also modulators of autophagy in target cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which EVs modulate autophagy flux in human microglia remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of EVs derived from human oral mucosa stem cells on the autophagy in human microglia. We demonstrate that EVs promoted autophagy and autophagic flux in human microglia and that this process was dependent on the integrity of lipid rafts. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also activated autophagy, but combined treatment with EVs and LPS suppressed autophagy response, indicating interference between these signaling pathways. Blockage of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with anti-TLR4 antibody suppressed EV-induced autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of the EV-associated heat shock protein (HSP70) chaperone which is one of the endogenous ligands of the TLR4 also suppressed EV-induced lipid raft formation and autophagy. Pre-treatment of microglia with a selective inhibitor of αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins cilengitide inhibited EV-induced autophagy. Finally, blockage of purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) with selective inhibitor 5-BDBD also suppressed EV-induced autophagy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that EVs activate autophagy in human microglia through interaction with HSP70/TLR4, αVβ3/αVβ5, and P2X4R signaling pathways and that these effects depend on the integrity of lipid rafts. Our findings could be used to develop new therapeutic strategies targeting disease-associated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Romenskaja
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ugnė Jonavičė
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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21
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Gary JM, Cramer S, Bolon B, Bradley AE, Butt MT. Incidental Gliosis in the Central Nervous System of Control Nonhuman Primates and Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2024:1926233241253255. [PMID: 38828567 DOI: 10.1177/01926233241253255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Gliosis, including microgliosis and astrocytosis, can be challenging to interpret in nonclinical studies. Incidences of glial foci in brains and spinal cords of control rats and nonhuman primates (NHPs) were reviewed in the historical control databases from two contract research organizations, including one specializing in neuropathology. In the brain, minimal to mild (grades 1-2) microgliosis was the most common diagnosis, especially in NHPs, although occasional moderate or marked microgliosis (grades 3 and 4) was encountered in both species. Microgliosis was more common in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata in both species and was frequent in the white matter (brain), thalamus, and basal nuclei of NHPs. Gliosis ("not otherwise specified") of minimal severity was diagnosed in similar brain sub-sites for both species and was more common in NHPs compared with rats. Astrocytosis was most prominent in the cerebellum (molecular layer) of NHPs but was otherwise uncommon. In the spinal cord, microgliosis was most common in the lateral white matter tracts in rats and NHPs, and in the dorsal white matter tracts in NHPs. These data indicate that low-grade spontaneous glial responses occur with some frequency in control animals of two common nonclinical species.
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22
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Niu X, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Wuethrich A, Lobb R, Trau M. Analysis of secreted small extracellular vesicles from activated human microglial cell lines reveals distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory proteomic profiles. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300094. [PMID: 38343172 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are a specialized population of innate immune cells located in the central nervous system. In response to physiological and pathological changes in their microenvironment, microglia can polarize into pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. A dysregulation in the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance is associated with many pathophysiological changes in the brain and nervous system. Therefore, the balance between microglia pro-/anti-inflammatory polarization can be a potential biomarker for the various brain pathologies. A non-invasive method of detecting microglia polarization in patients would have promising clinical applications. Here, we perform proteomic analysis of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from microglia cells to identify sEVs biomarkers indicative of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypic changes. sEVs were isolated from microglia cell lines under different inflammatory conditions and analyzed by proteomics by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Our findings provide the potential roles of sEVs that could be related to the pathogenesis of various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Niu
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Quan Zhou
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard Lobb
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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23
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Planas AM. Role of microglia in stroke. Glia 2024; 72:1016-1053. [PMID: 38173414 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play key roles in the post-ischemic inflammatory response and damaged tissue removal reacting rapidly to the disturbances caused by ischemia and working to restore the lost homeostasis. However, the modified environment, encompassing ionic imbalances, disruption of crucial neuron-microglia interactions, spreading depolarization, and generation of danger signals from necrotic neurons, induce morphological and phenotypic shifts in microglia. This leads them to adopt a proinflammatory profile and heighten their phagocytic activity. From day three post-ischemia, macrophages infiltrate the necrotic core while microglia amass at the periphery. Further, inflammation prompts a metabolic shift favoring glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate shunt, and lipid synthesis. These shifts, combined with phagocytic lipid intake, drive lipid droplet biogenesis, fuel anabolism, and enable microglia proliferation. Proliferating microglia release trophic factors contributing to protection and repair. However, some microglia accumulate lipids persistently and transform into dysfunctional and potentially harmful foam cells. Studies also showed microglia that either display impaired apoptotic cell clearance, or eliminate synapses, viable neurons, or endothelial cells. Yet, it will be essential to elucidate the viability of engulfed cells, the features of the local environment, the extent of tissue damage, and the temporal sequence. Ischemia provides a rich variety of region- and injury-dependent stimuli for microglia, evolving with time and generating distinct microglia phenotypes including those exhibiting proinflammatory or dysfunctional traits and others showing pro-repair features. Accurate profiling of microglia phenotypes, alongside with a more precise understanding of the associated post-ischemic tissue conditions, is a necessary step to serve as the potential foundation for focused interventions in human stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Planas
- Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Cerebrovascular Diseases, Area of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Heneka MT. TREM1 is the new kid on the block for the aging-associated innate immune response and Alzheimer's disease. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:938-940. [PMID: 38831103 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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25
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Sancho-Balsells A, Borràs-Pernas S, Flotta F, Chen W, Del Toro D, Rodríguez MJ, Alberch J, Blivet G, Touchon J, Xifró X, Giralt A. Brain-gut photobiomodulation restores cognitive alterations in chronically stressed mice through the regulation of Sirt1 and neuroinflammation. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:574-588. [PMID: 38490587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is an important risk factor for the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recent studies have shown microbiome dysbiosis as one of the pathogenic mechanisms associated with MDD. Thus, it is important to find novel non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies that can modulate gut microbiota and brain activity. One such strategy is photobiomodulation (PBM), which involves the non-invasive use of light. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS Brain-gut PBM could have a synergistic beneficial effect on the alterations induced by chronic stress. METHODS We employed the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) protocol to induce a depressive-like state in mice. Subsequently, we administered brain-gut PBM for 6 min per day over a period of 3 weeks. Following PBM treatment, we examined behavioral, structural, molecular, and cellular alterations induced by CUMS. RESULTS We observed that the CUMS protocol induces profound behavioral alterations and an increase of sirtuin1 (Sirt1) levels in the hippocampus. We then combined the stress protocol with PBM and found that tissue-combined PBM was able to rescue cognitive alterations induced by CUMS. This rescue was accompanied by a restoration of hippocampal Sirt1 levels, prevention of spine density loss in the CA1 of the hippocampus, and the modulation of the gut microbiome. PBM was also effective in reducing neuroinflammation and modulating the morphology of Iba1-positive microglia. LIMITATIONS The molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of tissue-combined PBM are not fully understood. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that non-invasive photobiomodulation of both the brain and the gut microbiome could be beneficial in the context of stress-induced MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Borràs-Pernas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Flotta
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Wanqi Chen
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain; Production and Validation Centre of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Xifró
- New Therapeutic Targets Group, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Bar E, Fischer I, Rokach M, Elad-Sfadia G, Shirenova S, Ophir O, Trangle SS, Okun E, Barak B. Neuronal deletion of Gtf2i results in developmental microglial alterations in a mouse model related to Williams syndrome. Glia 2024; 72:1117-1135. [PMID: 38450767 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a heterozygous microdeletion, characterized by hypersociability and unique neurocognitive abnormalities. Of the deleted genes, GTF2I has been linked to hypersociability in WS. We have recently shown that Gtf2i deletion from forebrain excitatory neurons, referred to as Gtf2i conditional knockout (cKO) mice leads to multi-faceted myelination deficits associated with the social behaviors affected in WS. These deficits were potentially mediated also by microglia, as they present a close relationship with oligodendrocytes. To study the impact of altered myelination, we characterized these mice in terms of microglia over the course of development. In postnatal day 30 (P30) Gtf2i cKO mice, cortical microglia displayed a more ramified state, as compared with wild type (controls). However, postnatal day 4 (P4) microglia exhibited high proliferation rates and an elevated activation state, demonstrating altered properties related to activation and inflammation in Gtf2i cKO mice compared with control. Intriguingly, P4 Gtf2i cKO-derived microglial cells exhibited significantly elevated myelin phagocytosis in vitro compared to control mice. Lastly, systemic injection of clemastine to P4 Gtf2i cKO and control mice until P30, led to a significant interaction between genotypes and treatments on the expression levels of the phagocytic marker CD68, and a significant reduction of the macrophage/microglial marker Iba1 transcript levels in the cortex of the Gtf2i cKO treated mice. Our data thus implicate microglia as important players in WS, and that early postnatal manipulation of microglia might be beneficial in treating inflammatory and myelin-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Bar
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry & Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbar Fischer
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - May Rokach
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sophie Shirenova
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Omer Ophir
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Schokoroy Trangle
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Boaz Barak
- The School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Han T, Xu Y, Sun L, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1241-1248. [PMID: 37905870 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in response to aging are considered to be indicators of brain aging; they have a great impact on the aging process and are the main risk factors for neurodegeneration. Reviewing the microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases will help understand the importance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the origin and function of microglia and focuses on the role of different states of the microglial response to aging and chronic inflammation on the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, and Parkinson's disease. This review also describes the potential benefits of treating neurodegenerative diseases by modulating changes in microglial states. Therefore, inducing a shift from the neurotoxic to neuroprotective microglial state in neurodegenerative diseases induced by aging and chronic inflammation holds promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Department of Basic Technology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China
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28
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Navarro E, Efthymiou AG, Parks M, Riboldi GM, Vialle RA, Udine E, Muller BZ, Humphrey J, Allan A, Argyrou CC, Lopes KDP, Münch A, Raymond D, Sachdev R, Shanker VL, Miravite J, Katsnelson V, Leaver K, Frucht S, Bressman SB, Marcora E, Saunders-Pullman R, Goate A, Raj T. LRRK2 G2019S variant is associated with transcriptional changes in Parkinson's disease human myeloid cells under proinflammatory environment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.27.594821. [PMID: 38854101 PMCID: PMC11160623 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.27.594821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The G2019S mutation in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is a major risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2, although ubiquitously expressed, is highly abundant in cells of the innate immune system. Given the importance of central and peripheral immune cells in the development of PD, we sought to investigate the consequences of the G2019S mutation on microglial and monocyte transcriptome and function. We have generated large-scale transcriptomic profiles of isogenic human induced microglial cells (iMGLs) and patient derived monocytes carrying the G2019S mutation under baseline culture conditions and following exposure to the proinflammatory factors IFNγ and LPS. We demonstrate that the G2019S mutation exerts a profound impact on the transcriptomic profile of these myeloid cells, and describe corresponding functional differences in iMGLs. The G2019S mutation led to an upregulation in lipid metabolism and phagolysosomal pathway genes in untreated and LPS/IFNγ stimulated iMGLs, which was accompanied by an increased phagocytic capacity of myelin debris. We also identified dysregulation of cell cycle genes, with a downregulation of the E2F4 regulon. Transcriptomic characterization of human-derived monocytes carrying the G2019S mutation confirmed alteration in lipid metabolism associated genes. Altogether, these findings reveal the influence of G2019S on the dysregulation of the myeloid cell transcriptome under proinflammatory conditions.
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29
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Ayala DA, Matarazzo A, Seaberg BL, Patel M, Tijerina E, Matthews C, Bizi G, Brown A, Ta A, Rimer M, Srinivasan R. Heterogeneous brain region-specific responses to astrocytic mitochondrial DNA damage in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.29.596517. [PMID: 38853966 PMCID: PMC11160752 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.596517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes use Ca 2+ signals to regulate multiple aspects of normal and pathological brain function. Astrocytes display context-specific diversity in their functions, and in their response to noxious stimuli between brain regions. Indeed, astrocytic mitochondria have emerged as key players in governing astrocytic functional heterogeneity, given their ability to dynamically adapt their morphology to regional demands on their ATP generation and Ca 2+ buffering functions. Although there is reciprocal regulation between mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling in astrocytes, the extent of this regulation into the rich diversity of astrocytes in different brain regions remains largely unexplored. Brain-wide, experimentally induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loss in astrocytes showed that mtDNA integrity is critical for proper astrocyte function, however, few insights into possible diverse responses to this noxious stimulus from astrocytes in different brain areas were reported in these experiments. To selectively damage mtDNA in astrocytes in a brain-region-specific manner, we developed a novel adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based tool, Mito-PstI, which expresses the restriction enzyme PstI, specifically in astrocytic mitochondria. Here, we applied Mito-PstI to two distinct brain regions, the dorsolateral striatum, and the hippocampal dentate gyrus, and we show that Mito-PstI can induce astrocytic mtDNA loss in vivo , but with remarkable brain-region-dependent differences on mitochondrial dynamics, spontaneous Ca 2+ fluxes and astrocytic as well as microglial reactivity. Thus, AAV-Mito-PstI is a novel tool to explore the relationship between astrocytic mitochondrial network dynamics and astrocytic mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling in a brain-region-selective manner.
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30
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Casden N, Belzer V, El Khayari A, El Fatimy R, Behar O. Astrocyte-to-microglia communication via Sema4B-Plexin-B2 modulates injury-induced reactivity of microglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400648121. [PMID: 38781210 PMCID: PMC11145257 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400648121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
After central nervous system injury, a rapid cellular and molecular response is induced. This response can be both beneficial and detrimental to neuronal survival in the first few days and increases the risk for neurodegeneration if persistent. Semaphorin4B (Sema4B), a transmembrane protein primarily expressed by cortical astrocytes, has been shown to play a role in neuronal cell death following injury. Our study shows that after cortical stab wound injury, cytokine expression is attenuated in Sema4B-/- mice, and microglia/macrophage reactivity is altered. In vitro, Sema4B enhances the reactivity of microglia following injury, suggesting astrocytic Sema4B functions as a ligand. Moreover, injury-induced microglia reactivity is attenuated in the presence of Sema4B-/- astrocytes compared to Sema4B+/- astrocytes. In vitro experiments indicate that Plexin-B2 is the Sema4B receptor on microglia. Consistent with this, in microglia/macrophage-specific Plexin-B2-/- mice, similar to Sema4B-/- mice, microglial/macrophage reactivity and neuronal cell death are attenuated after cortical injury. Finally, in Sema4B/Plexin-B2 double heterozygous mice, microglial/macrophage reactivity is also reduced after injury, supporting the idea that both Sema4B and Plexin-B2 are part of the same signaling pathway. Taken together, we propose a model in which following injury, astrocytic Sema4B enhances the response of microglia/macrophages via Plexin-B2, leading to increased reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natania Casden
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem91120, Israel
| | - Vitali Belzer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem91120, Israel
| | - Abdellatif El Khayari
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), UM6P Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir43150, Morocco
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), UM6P Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir43150, Morocco
| | - Oded Behar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem91120, Israel
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31
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Mokbel AY, Burns MP, Main BS. The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:135. [PMID: 38802931 PMCID: PMC11131220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly, yet our mechanistic understanding of what renders the post-traumatic brain vulnerable to poor outcomes, and susceptible to neurological disease, is incomplete. It is well established that dysregulated and sustained immune responses elicit negative consequences after TBI; however, our understanding of the neuroimmune interface that facilitates crosstalk between central and peripheral immune reservoirs is in its infancy. The meninges serve as the interface between the brain and the immune system, facilitating important bi-directional roles in both healthy and disease settings. It has been previously shown that disruption of this system exacerbates neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; however, we have an incomplete understanding of how the meningeal compartment influences immune responses after TBI. In this manuscript, we will offer a detailed overview of the holistic nature of neuroinflammatory responses in TBI, including hallmark features observed across clinical and animal models. We will highlight the structure and function of the meningeal lymphatic system, including its role in immuno-surveillance and immune responses within the meninges and the brain. We will provide a comprehensive update on our current knowledge of meningeal-derived responses across the spectrum of TBI, and identify new avenues for neuroimmune modulation within the neurotrauma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Y Mokbel
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bevan S Main
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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Barclay KM, Abduljawad N, Cheng Z, Kim MW, Zhou L, Yang J, Rustenhoven J, Mazzitelli JA, Smyth LCD, Kapadia D, Brioschi S, Beatty W, Hou J, Saligrama N, Colonna M, Yu G, Kipnis J, Li Q. An inducible genetic tool to track and manipulate specific microglial states reveals their plasticity and roles in remyelination. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00258-9. [PMID: 38821054 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies have revealed distinct microglial states in development and disease. These include proliferative-region-associated microglia (PAMs) in developing white matter and disease-associated microglia (DAMs) prevalent in various neurodegenerative conditions. PAMs and DAMs share a similar core gene signature. However, the extent of the dynamism and plasticity of these microglial states, as well as their functional significance, remains elusive, partly due to the lack of specific tools. Here, we generated an inducible Cre driver line, Clec7a-CreERT2, that targets PAMs and DAMs in the brain parenchyma. Utilizing this tool, we profiled labeled cells during development and in several disease models, uncovering convergence and context-dependent differences in PAM and DAM gene expression. Through long-term tracking, we demonstrated microglial state plasticity. Lastly, we specifically depleted DAMs in demyelination, revealing their roles in disease recovery. Together, we provide a versatile genetic tool to characterize microglial states in CNS development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia M Barclay
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nora Abduljawad
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zuolin Cheng
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jose A Mazzitelli
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leon C D Smyth
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dvita Kapadia
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wandy Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - JinChao Hou
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naresha Saligrama
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63112, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Arlington, VA 22203, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Qiu NZ, Hou HM, Guo TY, Lv YL, Zhou Y, Zhang FF, Zhang F, Wang XD, Chen W, Gao YF, Chen MH, Zhang XH, Zhang HT, Wang H. Phosphodiesterase 8 (PDE8): Distribution and Cellular Expression and Association with Alzheimer's Disease. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04156-2. [PMID: 38782837 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 8 (PDE8), as a member of PDE superfamily, specifically promotes the hydrolysis and degradation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which may be associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is currently known about potential role in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we investigated the distribution and expression of PDE8 in brain of mouse, which we believe can provide evidence for studying the role of PDE8 in CNS and the relationship between PDE8 and AD. Here, C57BL/6J mice were used to observe the distribution patterns of two subtypes of PDE8, PDE8A and PDE8B, in different sexes in vivo by western blot (WB). Meanwhile, C57BL/6J mice were also used to demonstrate the distribution pattern of PDE8 in selected brain regions and localization in neural cells by WB and multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the triple transgenic (3×Tg-AD) mice and wild type (WT) mice of different ages were used to investigate the changes of PDE8 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex during the progression of AD. PDE8 was found to be widely expressed in multiple tissues and organs including heart, kidney, stomach, brain, and liver, spleen, intestines, and uterus, with differences in expression levels between the two subtypes of PDE8A and PDE8B, as well as two sexes. Meanwhile, PDE8 was widely distributed in the brain, especially in areas closely related to cognitive function such as cerebellum, striatum, amygdala, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus, without differences between sexes. Furthermore, PDE8A was found to be expressed in neuronal cells, microglia and astrocytes, while PDE8B is only expressed in neuronal cells and microglia. PDE8A expression in the hippocampus of both female and male 3×Tg-AD mice was gradually increased with ages and PDE8B expression was upregulated only in cerebral cortex of female 3×Tg-AD mice with ages. However, the expression of PDE8A and PDE8B was apparently increased in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus in both female and male 10-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice compared WT mice. These results suggest that PDE8 may be associated with the progression of AD and is a potential target for its prevention and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Zhuang Qiu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Mei Hou
- Development Planning and Discipline Construction Department, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Tian-Yang Guo
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Li Lv
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Yong-Feng Gao
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, 266073, Shandong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China.
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Shui X, Chen J, Fu Z, Zhu H, Tao H, Li Z. Microglia in Ischemic Stroke: Pathogenesis Insights and Therapeutic Challenges. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3335-3352. [PMID: 38800598 PMCID: PMC11128258 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of stroke, which is the main cause of death and disability on a global scale. As the primary immune cells in the brain that are crucial for preserving homeostasis of the central nervous system microenvironment, microglia have been found to exhibit dual or even multiple effects at different stages of ischemic stroke. The anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia and release of neurotrophic factors may provide benefits by promoting neurological recovery at the lesion in the early phase after ischemic stroke. However, the pro-inflammatory polarization of microglia and secretion of inflammatory factors in the later phase of injury may exacerbate the ischemic lesion, suggesting the therapeutic potential of modulating the balance of microglial polarization to predispose them to anti-inflammatory transformation in ischemic stroke. Microglia-mediated signaling crosstalk with other cells may also be key to improving functional outcomes following ischemic stroke. Thus, this review provides an overview of microglial functions and responses under physiological and ischemic stroke conditions, including microglial activation, polarization, and interactions with other cells. We focus on approaches that promote anti-inflammatory polarization of microglia, inhibit microglial activation, and enhance beneficial cell-to-cell interactions. These targets may hold promise for the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Shui
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Fu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Zhu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualin Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyinqian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Guan X, Zhu S, Song J, Liu K, Liu M, Xie L, Wang Y, Wu J, Xu X, Pang T. Microglial CMPK2 promotes neuroinflammation and brain injury after ischemic stroke. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101522. [PMID: 38701781 PMCID: PMC11148565 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in ischemic injury, which can be promoted by oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) regulates mtDNA replication, but its role in neuroinflammation and ischemic injury remains unknown. Here, we report that CMPK2 expression is upregulated in monocytes/macrophages and microglia post-stroke in humans and mice, respectively. Microglia/macrophage CMPK2 knockdown using the Cre recombination-dependent adeno-associated virus suppresses the inflammatory responses in the brain, reduces infarcts, and improves neurological outcomes in ischemic CX3CR1Cre/ERT2 mice. Mechanistically, CMPK2 knockdown limits newly synthesized mtDNA and Ox-mtDNA formation and subsequently blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia/macrophages. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), as a CMPK2 inhibitor, is discovered to reduce neuroinflammation and ischemic injury in mice and prevent the inflammatory responses in primary human monocytes from ischemic patients. Thus, these findings identify CMPK2 as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine Target and New Drug Research, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province 322000, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
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Pandya VA, Patani R. The role of glial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:381-450. [PMID: 38802179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has traditionally been considered a neuron-centric disease. This view is now outdated, with increasing recognition of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous contributions of central and peripheral nervous system glia to ALS pathomechanisms. With glial research rapidly accelerating, we comprehensively interrogate the roles of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite glia in nervous system physiology and ALS-associated pathology. Moreover, we highlight the inter-glial, glial-neuronal and inter-system polylogue which constitutes the healthy nervous system and destabilises in disease. We also propose classification based on function for complex glial reactive phenotypes and discuss the pre-requisite for integrative modelling to advance translation. Given the paucity of life-enhancing therapies currently available for ALS patients, we discuss the promising potential of harnessing glia in driving ALS therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virenkumar A Pandya
- University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
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Ahat E, Shi Z, Chu S, Bui HH, Mason ER, Soni DM, Roth KD, Chalmers MJ, Oblak AL, Zhang J, Gutierrez JA, Richardson T. SHIP1 modulation and proteome characterization of microglia. J Proteomics 2024; 302:105198. [PMID: 38777089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding microglial states in the aging brain has become crucial, especially with the discovery of numerous Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and protective variants in genes such as INPP5D and TREM2, which are essential to microglia function in AD. Here we present a thorough examination of microglia-like cells and primary mouse microglia at the proteome and transcriptome levels to illuminate the roles these genes and the proteins they encode play in various cell states. First, we compared the proteome profiles of wildtype and INPP5D (SHIP1) knockout primary microglia. Our findings revealed significant proteome alterations only in the homozygous SHIP1 knockout, revealing its impact on the microglial proteome. Additionally, we compared the proteome and transcriptome profiles of commonly used in vitro microglia BV2 and HMC3 cells with primary mouse microglia. Our results demonstrated a substantial similarity between the proteome of BV2 and mouse primary cells, while notable differences were observed between BV2 and human HMC3. Lastly, we conducted targeted lipidomic analysis to quantify different phosphatidylinositols (PIs) species, which are direct SHIP1 targets, in the HMC3 and BV2 cells. This in-depth omics analysis of both mouse and human microglia enhances our systematic understanding of these microglia models. SIGNIFICANCE: Given the growing urgency of comprehending microglial function in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and the substantial therapeutic implications associated with SHIP1 modulation, we firmly believe that our study, through a rigorous and comprehensive proteomics, transcriptomics and targeted lipidomic analysis of microglia, contributes to the systematic understanding of microglial function in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpan Ahat
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, USA.
| | - Zanyu Shi
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Emily R Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Disha M Soni
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | | | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Timothy Richardson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Shi Q, Gutierrez RA, Bhat MA. Microglia, Trem2, and Neurodegeneration. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241254118. [PMID: 38769824 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are a specialized type of neuroimmune cells that undergo morphological and molecular changes through multiple signaling pathways in response to pathological protein aggregates, neuronal death, tissue injury, or infections. Microglia express Trem2, which serves as a receptor for a multitude of ligands enhancing their phagocytic activity. Trem2 has emerged as a critical modulator of microglial activity, especially in many neurodegenerative disorders. Human TREM2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Trem2 plays dual roles in neuroinflammation and more specifically in disease-associated microglia. Most recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of Trem2, emphasizing its role in uptake and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates and other tissue debris to help protect and preserve the brain, are encouraging. Although Trem2 normally stimulates defense mechanisms, its dysregulation can intensify inflammation, which poses major therapeutic challenges. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting Trem2 via agonistic antibodies and gene therapy methodologies present possible avenues for reducing the burden of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the promise of Trem2 as a therapeutic target, especially for Aβ-associated AD, and calls for more mechanistic investigations to understand the context-specific role of microglial Trem2 in developing effective therapies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raul A Gutierrez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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39
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Seiffe A, Kazlauskas N, Campolongo M, Depino AM. Juvenile peripheral LPS exposure overrides female resilience to prenatal VPA effects on adult sociability in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11435. [PMID: 38763939 PMCID: PMC11102908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibits a gender bias, with boys more frequently affected than girls. Similarly, in mouse models induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), males typically display reduced sociability, while females are less affected. Although both males and females exhibit VPA effects on neuroinflammatory parameters, these effects are sex-specific. Notably, females exposed to VPA show increased microglia and astrocyte density during the juvenile period. We hypothesized that these distinct neuroinflammatory patterns contribute to the resilience of females to VPA. To investigate this hypothesis, we treated juvenile animals with intraperitoneal bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a treatment known to elicit brain neuroinflammation. We thus evaluated the impact of juvenile LPS-induced inflammation on adult sociability and neuroinflammation in female mice prenatally exposed to VPA. Our results demonstrate that VPA-LPS females exhibit social deficits in adulthood, overriding the resilience observed in VPA-saline littermates. Repetitive behavior and anxiety levels were not affected by either treatment. We also evaluated whether the effect on sociability was accompanied by heightened neuroinflammation in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Surprisingly, we observed reduced astrocyte and microglia density in the cerebellum of VPA-LPS animals. These findings shed light on the complex interactions between prenatal insults, juvenile inflammatory stimuli, and sex-specific vulnerability in ASD-related social deficits, providing insights into potential therapeutic interventions for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Seiffe
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-UBA, Int. Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 2do piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Kazlauskas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-UBA, Int. Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 2do piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Campolongo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-UBA, Int. Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 2do piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amaicha Mara Depino
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-UBA, Int. Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 2do piso, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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40
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Lu W, Wang Y, Wen J. The Roles of RhoA/ROCK/NF-κB Pathway in Microglia Polarization Following Ischemic Stroke. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:19. [PMID: 38753217 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Nevertheless, there still lacks the effective therapies for ischemic stroke. Microglia are resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and can initiate immune responses and monitor the microenvironment. Microglia are activated and polarize into proinflammatory or anti‑inflammatory phenotype in response to various brain injuries, including ischemic stroke. Proinflammatory microglia could generate immunomodulatory mediators, containing cytokines and chemokines, these mediators are closely associated with secondary brain damage following ischemic stroke. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory microglia facilitate recovery following stroke. Regulating the activation and the function of microglia is crucial in exploring the novel treatments for ischemic stroke patients. Accumulating studies have revealed that RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB are famous modulators in the process of microglia activation and polarization. Inhibiting these key modulators can promote the polarization of microglia to anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this review, we aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB in the microglia activation and polarization, reveal the relationship between RhoA/ROCK pathway and NF-κB in the pathological process of ischemic stroke. In addition, we likewise discussed the drug modulators targeting microglia polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Medical Branch, Hefei Technology College, Hefei, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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41
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Green TRF, Rowe RK. Quantifying microglial morphology: an insight into function. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 216:221-229. [PMID: 38456795 PMCID: PMC11097915 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are specialized immune cells unique to the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia have a highly plastic morphology that changes rapidly in response to injury or infection. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of ever-changing microglial morphology are considered a cornerstone of many microglia-centric research studies. The distinctive morphological variations seen in microglia are a useful marker of inflammation and severity of tissue damage. Although a wide array of damage-associated microglial morphologies has been documented, the exact functions of these distinct morphologies are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss how microglia morphology is not synonymous with microglia function, however, morphological outcomes can be used to make inferences about microglial function. For a comprehensive examination of the reactive status of a microglial cell, both histological and genetic approaches should be combined. However, the importance of quality immunohistochemistry-based analyses should not be overlooked as they can succinctly answer many research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha R F Green
- Department of Integrative Physiology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rachel K Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, The University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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42
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Iyer AK, Vermunt L, Mirfakhar FS, Minaya M, Acquarone M, Koppisetti RK, Renganathan A, You SF, Danhash EP, Verbeck A, Galasso G, Lee SM, Marsh J, Nana AL, Spina S, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Temple S, Teunissen CE, Sato C, Karch CM. Cell autonomous microglia defects in a stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.15.24307444. [PMID: 38798451 PMCID: PMC11118656 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal dysfunction has been extensively studied as a central feature of neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, across neurodegenerative diseases, there is strong evidence for active involvement of immune cells like microglia in driving disease pathophysiology. Here, we demonstrate that tau mRNA and protein are expressed in microglia in human brains and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia like cells (iMGLs). Using iMGLs harboring the MAPT IVS10+16 mutation and isogenic controls, we demonstrate that a tau mutation is sufficient to alter microglial transcriptional states. We discovered that MAPT IVS10+16 microglia exhibit cytoskeletal abnormalities, stalled phagocytosis, disrupted TREM2/TYROBP networks, and altered metabolism. Additionally, we found that secretory factors from MAPT IVS10+16 iMGLs impact neuronal health, reducing synaptic density in neurons. Key features observed in vitro were recapitulated in human brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from MAPT mutations carriers. Together, our findings that MAPT IVS10+16 drives cell-intrinsic dysfunction in microglia that impacts neuronal health has major implications for development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami K. Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miguel Minaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mariana Acquarone
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shih-Feng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma P. Danhash
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Verbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grant Galasso
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacob Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alissa L. Nana
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- The Tracy Family Stable Isotope Labeling Quantitation Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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43
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Suthya AR, Wong CHY, Bourne JH. Diving head-first into brain intravital microscopy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372996. [PMID: 38817606 PMCID: PMC11137164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironments during physiology and pathology are highly complex, meaning dynamic cellular activities and their interactions cannot be accurately modelled ex vivo or in vitro. In particular, tissue-specific resident cells which may function and behave differently after isolation and the heterogenous vascular beds in various organs highlight the importance of observing such processes in real-time in vivo. This challenge gave rise to intravital microscopy (IVM), which was discovered over two centuries ago. From the very early techniques of low-optical resolution brightfield microscopy, limited to transparent tissues, IVM techniques have significantly evolved in recent years. Combined with improved animal surgical preparations, modern IVM technologies have achieved significantly higher speed of image acquisition and enhanced image resolution which allow for the visualisation of biological activities within a wider variety of tissue beds. These advancements have dramatically expanded our understanding in cell migration and function, especially in organs which are not easily accessible, such as the brain. In this review, we will discuss the application of rodent IVM in neurobiology in health and disease. In particular, we will outline the capability and limitations of emerging technologies, including photoacoustic, two- and three-photon imaging for brain IVM. In addition, we will discuss the use of these technologies in the context of neuroinflammation.
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Lee SJ, Noh SE, Jo DH, Cho CS, Park KS, Kim JH. IL-10-induced modulation of macrophage polarization suppresses outer-blood-retinal barrier disruption in the streptozotocin-induced early diabetic retinopathy mouse model. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23638. [PMID: 38713098 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400053r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with ocular inflammation leading to retinal barrier breakdown, vascular leakage, macular edema, and vision loss. DR is not only a microvascular disease but also involves retinal neurodegeneration, demonstrating that pathological changes associated with neuroinflammation precede microvascular injury in early DR. Macrophage activation plays a central role in neuroinflammation. During DR, the inflammatory response depends on the polarization of retinal macrophages, triggering pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) activity. This study aimed to determine the role of macrophages in vascular leakage through the tight junction complexes of retinal pigment epithelium, which is the outer blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Furthermore, we aimed to assess whether interleukin-10 (IL-10), a representative M2-inducer, can decrease inflammatory macrophages and alleviate outer-BRB disruption. We found that modulation of macrophage polarization affects the structural and functional integrity of ARPE-19 cells in a co-culture system under high-glucose conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intravitreal IL-10 injection induces an increase in the ratio of anti-inflammatory macrophages and effectively suppresses outer-BRB disruption and vascular leakage in a mouse model of early-stage streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Our results suggest that modulation of macrophage polarization by IL-10 administration during early-stage DR has a promising protective effect against outer-BRB disruption and vascular leakage. This finding provides valuable insights for early intervention in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jae Lee
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Global Excellence Center for Gene & Cell Therapy (GEC-GCT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Noh
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Global Excellence Center for Gene & Cell Therapy (GEC-GCT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Global Excellence Center for Gene & Cell Therapy (GEC-GCT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sik Cho
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Global Excellence Center for Gene & Cell Therapy (GEC-GCT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Global Excellence Center for Gene & Cell Therapy (GEC-GCT), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fernández-Gómez B, Marchena MA, Piñeiro D, Gómez-Martín P, Sánchez E, Laó Y, Valencia G, Nocera S, Benítez-Fernández R, Castaño-León AM, Lagares A, Hernández-Jiménez M, de Castro F. ApTOLL: A new therapeutic aptamer for cytoprotection and (re)myelination after multiple sclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38742374 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ApTOLL is an aptamer selected to antagonize toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a relevant actor for innate immunity involved in inflammatory responses in multiple sclerosis (MS) and other diseases. The currently available therapeutic arsenal to treat MS is composed of immunomodulators but, to date, there are no (re)myelinating drugs available in clinics. In our present study, we studied the effect of ApTOLL on different animal models of MS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model was used to evaluate the effect of ApTOLL on reducing the inflammatory component. A more direct effect on oligodendroglia was studied with the cuprizone model and purified primary cultures of murine and human oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) isolated through magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) from samples of brain cortex. Also, we tested these effects in an ex vivo model of organotypic cultures demyelinated with lysolecithin (LPC). KEY RESULTS ApTOLL treatment positively impacted the clinical symptomatology of mice in the EAE and cuprizone models, which was associated with better preservation plus restoration of myelin and oligodendrocytes in the demyelinated lesions of animals. Restoration was corroborated on purified cultures of rodent and human OPCs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings reveal a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases such as MS. The molecular nature of the aptamer exerts not only an anti-inflammatory effect but also neuroprotective and remyelinating effects. The excellent safety profile demonstrated by ApTOLL in animals and humans opens the door to future clinical trials in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández-Gómez
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- AptaTargets SL, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Marchena
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad HM de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Camilo José Cela
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria HM Hospitales
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfonso Lagares
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Hernández-Jiménez
- AptaTargets SL, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Scheepstra K, Mizee M, Wever D, Hsiao CC, Zhang L, Swaab D, Hamann J, Huitinga I. Reporting Psychiatric Disease Characteristics in Post-Mortem- and Biological Research. Neurosci Insights 2024; 19:26331055241252632. [PMID: 38737296 PMCID: PMC11088795 DOI: 10.1177/26331055241252632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a prominent hypothesis in the neurobiology of depression. In our transcriptomic profiling study of microglia in chronic major depressive disorder (MDD), we revealed a distinct disease-associated microglia (DAM) transcriptomic profile exclusively found in cortical gray matter, that we have designated DepDAM. These DepDAM revealed an immune-suppressed state, with a possible upstream mechanism for microglial suppression, by upregulation of CD200 and CD47 ("don't eat me signals") located on synapses. We extensively report on disease characteristics, such as cause of death, reason for euthanasia, and psychiatric state when deceased. When excluding MDD donors in a euthymic state, the trend of lower CD45 membrane expression on white matter microglia became significant, and the difference in gray matter microglia became larger. For Western blot analysis of CD47 and CD200, both means of the definitely depressed donor groups (MDD-D) increased. This underscores the utmost importance of reporting on patient and episode characteristics, such as severity, episode traits, (type of) suicidality, mode of decease, and state of illness at death in post-mortem- and biological psychiatric research. For psychiatric post-mortem research, we suggest using well-characterized donors (eg, after "psychological autopsy") selected by an experienced clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Scheepstra
- Neuroimmunology research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychiatric Program of the Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Mizee
- Psychiatric Program of the Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Wever
- Neuroimmunology research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychiatric Program of the Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Neuroimmunology research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychiatric Program of the Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Zhang
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Swaab
- Neuroimmunology research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Neuropsychiatric Disorders Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Neuroimmunology research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Neuroimmunology research group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychiatric Program of the Netherlands Brain Bank, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Devlin BA, Nguyen DM, Grullon G, Clark MJ, Ceasrine AM, Deja M, Shah A, Ati S, Finn A, Ribeiro D, Schaefer A, Bilbo SD. Neuron Derived Cytokine Interleukin-34 Controls Developmental Microglia Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.589920. [PMID: 38766127 PMCID: PMC11100801 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.589920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuron-microglia interactions dictate the development of neuronal circuits in the brain. However, the factors that support and broadly regulate these processes across developmental stages are largely unknown. Here, we find that IL34, a neuron-derived cytokine, is upregulated in development and plays a critical role in supporting and maintaining neuroprotective, mature microglia in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of mice. We show that IL34 mRNA and protein is upregulated in neurons in the second week of postnatal life and that this increase coincides with increases in microglia number and expression of mature, homeostatic markers, e.g., TMEM119. We also found that IL34 mRNA is higher in more active neurons, and higher in excitatory (compared to inhibitory) neurons. Genetic KO of IL34 prevents the functional maturation of microglia and results in an anxiolytic phenotype in these mice by adulthood. Acute, low dose blocking of IL34 at postnatal day (P)15 in mice decreased microglial TMEM119 expression and increased aberrant microglial phagocytosis of thalamocortical synapses within the ACC. In contrast, viral overexpression of IL34 early in life (P1-P8) caused early maturation of microglia and prevented microglial phagocytosis of thalamocortical synapses during the appropriate neurodevelopmental refinement window. Taken together, these findings establish IL34 as a key regulator of neuron-microglia crosstalk in postnatal brain development, controlling both microglial maturation and synapse engulfment.
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Pan JJ, Qi L, Wang L, Liu C, Song Y, Mamtilahun M, Hu X, Li Y, Chen X, Khan H, Xu Q, Wang Y, Tang Y, Yang GY, Zhang Z. M2 Microglial Extracellular Vesicles Attenuated Blood-brain Barrier Disruption via MiR-23a-5p in Cerebral Ischemic Mice. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1344-1356. [PMID: 37611902 PMCID: PMC11081152 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis after ischemic stroke. Previous studies showed that M2 microglial extracellular vesicles (EVs) played a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. However, the role of M2 microglial EVs in maintaining BBB integrity is unclear. Therefore, we explored the mechanisms of M2 microglial EVs in regulating BBB integrity. To identify microglial EVs, we used nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and western blot analysis. Adult male ICR mice were subjected to 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by the injection of PKH26-labeled M2 microglial EVs via the tail vein. After MCAO, we assessed brain infarct and edema volume, as well as modified neurological severity score. BBB integrity was measured by assessing IgG leakage. The effects of M2 microglial EVs on astrocytes and endothelial cells were also examined. To investigate the molecular mechanisms, we performed RNA sequencing, miR-23a-5p knockdown, and luciferase reporter assays. Our results showed that PKH26-labeled microglial EVs were mainly taken up by neurons and glial cells. M2 microglial EVs treatment decreased brain infarct and edema volume, modified neurological severity score, and IgG leakage, while increasing the ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 expression after MCAO. Knockdown of miR-23a-5p reversed these effects. RNA sequencing revealed that the TNF, MMP3 and NFκB signaling pathway involved in regulating BBB integrity. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-23a-5p could bind to the 3' UTR of TNF. M2 microglial EVs-derived miR-23a-5p decreased TNF, MMP3 and NFκB p65 expression in astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation, thereby increasing ZO-1 and Claudin-5 expression in bEnd.3 cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that M2 microglial EVs attenuated BBB disruption after cerebral ischemia by delivering miR-23a-5p, which targeted TNF and regulated MMP3 and NFκB p65 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ji Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Muyassar Mamtilahun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yongfang Li
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Haroon Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Qun Xu
- Health Management Center, Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital of Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yaohui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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49
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Meng J, Zhang L, Zhang YW. Microglial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241252576. [PMID: 38712859 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241252576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The molecular mechanisms underlying ASD have not yet been elucidated completely. Evidence has emerged to support a link between microglial dysfunction and the etiology of ASD. This review summarizes current research on microglial dysfunction in neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning, which are associated with altered transcriptomes and autophagy in ASD. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in ASD and its correlation with microglial dysfunction are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Meng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingliang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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50
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Sun M, Rong J, Zhou M, Liu Y, Sun S, Liu L, Cai D, Liang F, Zhao L. Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk: A Novel Target for the Treatment of Migraine. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1277-1288. [PMID: 37450927 PMCID: PMC11081170 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a pervasive neurologic disease closely related to neurogenic inflammation. The astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system are vital in inducing neurogenic inflammation in migraine. Recently, it has been found that there may be a crosstalk phenomenon between microglia and astrocytes, which plays a crucial part in the pathology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system diseases closely related to inflammation, thus becoming a novel hotspot in neuroimmune research. However, the role of the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine is yet to be discussed. Based on the preliminary literature reports, we have reviewed relevant evidence of the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of migraine and summarized the crosstalk pathways, thereby hoping to provide novel ideas for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Rong
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingjun Cai
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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