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Nattagh‐Eshtivani E, Pahlavani N, Khosravi M, Sarivi SP, Hakkak AM, Maddahi M. The relationships between dietary patterns and socioeconomic status with anthropometric and body composition indices in Iranian preschool children: A cross-sectional study. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e704. [PMID: 38264002 PMCID: PMC10804334 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian children is on the rise. Dietary patterns (DPs) and socioeconomic status ( socioeconomic status (SES)) may relate to children's excess weight as a predictor of the risk of obesity in adulthood that may vary by geographical regions. Aim The relationship between DPs and the development of obesity in preschool children has not been adequately evaluated. The present study evaluates this relationship by considering SES. Methods A total of 320 preschool children (4-6 years) were randomly selected from three different areas of Mashhad based on economic status. Dietary intake was evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire completed by the children's parents. Anthropometric and body composition variables were measured by means of valid tools and standard methods. socioeconomic status data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. Results Three dominant DPs of 'healthy', 'unhealthy', and 'meat-free' were identified using factor analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the children who followed meat-free DP was significantly higher than that of other children (p = 0.004). The means and standard deviations of energy intake, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat-free mass, and fat mass were 1187.97 ± 356.87 Kcal/day, 16.23 ± 2.28 kg/m2, 54.28 ± 6.49 cm, 16.24 ± 2.23 kg, and 4.62 ± 2.70 kg respectively. Being in the higher levels of SES was significantly related to height (p = 0.02), energy intake (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p = 004), and fat mass (p = 0.002). Conclusions Adherence to meat-free DP and being in the highest levels of SES may be associated with a greater chance of developing overweight and obesity. Therefore, meat consumption and SES can be used to predict childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh‐Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical BiochemistrySchool of MedicineSocial Determinants of Health Research CenterGonabad University of Medical ScienceGonabadIran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research CenterTorbat Heydariyeh University of Medical SciencesTorbat HeydariyehIran
- Health Sciences Research CenterTorbat Heydariyeh University of Medical SciencesTorbat HeydariyehIran
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- International UNESCO Center for Health‐Related Basic Sciences and Human NutritionMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Somayeh Pourhosein Sarivi
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Mona Maddahi
- Department of NutritionSchool of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Student Research CommitteeMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Parhoon K, Aita SL, Mohammadi A, Roth RM. Do executive functions differentiate Iranian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with and without comorbid obesity? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:1659-1670. [PMID: 37494423 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare multiple dimensions of executive function between children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with and without comorbid obesity. METHOD Participants were 90 Iranian children (ages 8-13, 50% female) who were equally dispersed across three study groups: typically developing (TD), ADHD with obesity (ADHD+O), and ADHD without obesity (ADHD-O). Study participants were administered a comprehensive battery of Iranian-adapted "cool" executive function tasks including Digit Span from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-V), Victoria Stroop Test (VST), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of London, and dot-probe task (i.e., a task of attentional bias). Parents completed the Children's Scale for Future Thinking Questionnaire, which assesses future-oriented cognition (e.g., saving, planning, episodic foresight, delay of gratification), aligning more with "hot" executive functions. Groups were compared using multivariate and post-hoc univariate general linear models. RESULTS Significant group effects were observed for all executive function variables, broadly with the gradient pattern of TD > ADHD-O > ADHD+O. ADHD+O had poorer performances than ADHD-O for WISC-V Digit Span (d = -0.84), WCST Categories Completed (d = -0.55) and Perseverative Responses (d = 1.15), VST Interference Errors (d = 0.83) and Interference Time (d = 1.38), and Dot-Probe Task (d = 0.84). Relative to the ADHD-O group, ADHD+O had also poorer parent-reported Prospective Memory (d = -0.62), Episodic Foresight (d = -0.63), and Delay of Gratification (d = -0.54). CONCLUSIONS Children with ADHD-O have poorer executive functioning than those without obesity. We observed stronger effects for "cool" rather than "hot" domains of executive function, though this could be due to the former being performance-based and the latter parent-reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Parhoon
- Postdoc Researcher in Cognitive Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719, Iran
| | - Stephen L Aita
- Department of Mental Health, VA Maine Healthcare System, Augusta ME, 04330, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Azad Mohammadi
- Educational Neuroscience, University of Tehran, Tehran 15719, Iran
| | - Robert M Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center / Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Cai Z, Jiang K, Wang T, Li S, Xian J, Zhao Y, Shi Z. Influence of adolescents' and parental dietary knowledge on adolescents' body mass index (BMI), overweight/obesity in 2004-2015: a longitudinal study. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:188. [PMID: 37872636 PMCID: PMC10591379 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The global epidemic of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents poses a significant public health threat. This longitudinal study aims to investigate the relationship between adolescents' and their parents' dietary knowledge and overweight/obesity among adolescents in China. METHODS Data were collected from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2015. Overweight/obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-off for body mass index (BMI). A set of questions were used to assess the dietary knowledge scores of both adolescents and their parents during face-to-face interviews. Mixed effect models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 2035 adolescents aged 12-17 years were included in the data analysis. The mean BMI increased from 19.2 in 2004 to 20.5 in 2015, with a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity from 6.8% and 0.5% in 2004 to 15.1% and 7.8% in 2015, respectively. Adolescents with medium-score dietary knowledge were less likely to be overweight/obese compared to those with low-score dietary knowledge (OR (95% CI): 0.20 (0.05-0.80), P < 0.05). However, there was no association between parental dietary knowledge and adolescents' BMI or overweight/obesity (P > 0.05). Additionally, a significant interaction between adolescents' dietary knowledge score and education in relation to adolescents' BMI (P for interaction < 0.05). CONCLUSION Adolescents with medium dietary knowledge were less likely to be overweight/obese than those with low knowledge, but no association was found with parental knowledge. Promoting nutritional education and healthy eating habits is vital to prevent overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Cai
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Children Healthcare, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinli Xian
- The Department of clinical nutrition, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Center for Public Health Security, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
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Abbasifard M, Bazmandegan G, Ostadebrahimi H, Amiri M, Kamiab Z. General and central obesity prevalence in young adult: a study based on the Rafsanjan youth cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17259. [PMID: 37828357 PMCID: PMC10570321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing prevalence of obesity among youth would have adverse consequences and increased risk of developing chronic diseases at older ages. This study explored the prevalence of obesity and its association with relevant risk factors in the Rafsanjan youth cohort population. This cross-sectional study was done on 3006 individuals from the 15-35-year-old population included in the Rafsanjan youth cohort study. The data were extracted from the youth cohort databases, which had been collected through in-person interview and standard questionnaires. Definition of general obesity was considered as body mass index ≤ 30 and that of central obesity as waist to hip ratio (WHR) ≥ 0.9 for men and ≥ 0.85 for women. Multivariate stepwise proportional odds model and multivariable stepwise logistic regression models were done to explore the factors associated with general obesity and central obesity. The mean age was 25.78 ± 6.06 years with 56% (n = 1683) female. The prevalence of general obesity was 15.80% (95% CI 14.50-17.11) and central obesity was 28.41% (95% CI 26.80-30.02). The risk of general obesity increased with increasing age (OR = 1.053, P < 0.0001), being married (OR = 1.658, P < 0.0001), history of diabetes (OR = 1.609, P = 0.0185), history of hypertension (OR = 1.609, P < 0.0001), elevated triglyceride (OR = 1.007, P < 0.0001) and LDL (OR = 1.015, P < 0.0001), while decreasing with being employed (OR = 0.748, P = 0.0002) and elevated HDL (OR = 0.975, P < 0.0001). Prevalence of obesity was high in study population. Marital status, increasing age, and history of chronic diseases were associated with obesity. Preventing programs should be developed against obesity and for promoting healthy habits in young adult especially during education at schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Abbasifard
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bazmandegan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ostadebrahimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Amiri
- General Physician, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kamiab
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Suresh S, Anand A, Singh P, Shahi N, Sharma S, Jethlia A. Comparative Assessment of the Periodontal Findings in Child Subjects With a Normal Body Mass Index and in Obese Subjects. Cureus 2023; 15:e47897. [PMID: 38034255 PMCID: PMC10683323 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children is a concerning issue affecting a large population globally. Obesity and overweight are risk factors for various medical conditions, including periodontal diseases, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and/or diabetes. AIM The study aimed to comparatively assess the periodontal findings in child subjects with a normal BMI and in obese subjects. METHODS The present observational study aimed to comparatively assess 216 school-going child subjects that were divided into two groups: non-obese (BMI<25) and obese, with BMI≥25 having equal gender distribution. In both groups, clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed along with a questionnaire on oral hygiene and dietary habits. The data gathered were statistically analysed. RESULTS The study results showed that in obese subjects, significantly higher values were seen for probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index compared to non-obese subjects with p<0.05. However, no significant difference was noted in the CAL of obese and non-obese subjects (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The periodontal status is compromised in obese subjects with higher values of probing depth, bleeding on probing, and plaque index compared to child subjects with normal weight. The level of CAL does not differ significantly between obese and non-obese child subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Suresh
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Buddha Dental College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Abhishek Anand
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Netaji Subhash Medical College and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Pinky Singh
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Dr. B. R. Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, IND
| | - Niharika Shahi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Purvanchal Institute of Dental Sciences, Gorakhpur, IND
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Institute Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, IND
| | - Ankur Jethlia
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Diagnostic Division, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU
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Abiri B, Ahmadi AR, Amini S, Akbari M, Hosseinpanah F, Madinehzad SA, Hejazi M, Rishehri AP, Naserghandi A, Valizadeh M. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:70. [PMID: 37488650 PMCID: PMC10367271 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic diseases. Politicians and practitioners should be aware of the dramatic increase in obesity and its subsequent complications to prevent associated health risks. This systematic review aimed to provide better insight into the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iranian population. METHOD An evaluation was conducted on all published observational studies from both national (SID, Irandoc, Iranmedex) and international (Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus) sources, which reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity among normal population samples, between January 2012 and December 2021. RESULT A total of 152 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Of the 152 selected studies, 74 reported the prevalence of overweight/obesity in patients aged ≤ 18 years, and 61 studies in adults. In the rest of the articles (17 studies), the results were reported for a combination of these age groups. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Iran was estimated at 20.1 (95% CI 17.92-22.30) and 13.44 (95% CI 11.76-15.22), respectively. This percentage (95% CI) was 11.71 (10.98-12.46) for overweight and 8.08 (7.02-9.22) for obesity in those aged ≤ 18 years, and 35.26 (32.61-37.99) for overweight and 21.38 (19.61-23.20) for obesity in those aged > 18 years. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in the entire population was 35.09% (95% CI 31.31-38.98). CONCLUSION As obesity is on the rise in Iran, we should seek both weight loss strategies and ways to control comorbidities associated with high BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Amini
- Department of Nutrition, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Akbari
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hejazi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Pouladi Rishehri
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alvand Naserghandi
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abdolsalehi MR, Madani S, Mahmoudi S, Navaeian A, Khodabandeh M, Hosseinpour Sadeghi R, Pourakbari B, Mamishi S. Association of body mass index with COVID-19 outcome in a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Iran. Arch Pediatr 2023:S0929-693X(23)00075-1. [PMID: 37188564 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the challenging risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection is obesity and high body mass index (BMI). In this study we assessed the association between BMI and outcomes of hospitalized pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Iran. METHOD This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in the biggest referral pediatric hospital in Tehran from March 7 to August 17, 2020. All hospitalized children ≺18 years of age with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study. We evaluated the association of BMI with COVID-19 outcomes (death, severity of clinical course, oxygen therapy, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, ventilator requirement). The secondary objectives were investigating the association of gender, underlying comorbidity, and patient age with COVID-19 outcomes. The limits for obesity, overweight, and underweight were set at BMI >95 percentile, 85≤ BMI ≤ 95, and BMI<5 percentile, respectively. RESULTS In total, 189 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 (0.1-17 years) with a mean age of 6.4 ± 4.7 years were included. Overall, 18.5% of the patients were obese and 33% were underweight. We found that BMI had no significant relation with COVID outcomes in pediatric cases but after subgrouping the participants, underlying comorbidities and lower BMI in previously ill children were independently associated with a poor clinical outcome of COVID-19. In addition, the previously ill children with higher BMI percentiles were at a relatively lower risk of ICU admission (95% CI: 0.971-0.998, OR: 0.98, p = 0.025) and better clinical course of COVID-19 (95% CI: 0.970-0.996, OR: 0.98, p = 0.009). The BMI percentile had a statistically significant direct relationship with age (Spearman correlation coefficient= 0.26, p<0.001). When we separated the children with underlying comorbidity, the BMI percentile was significantly lower (p<0.001) in comparison to the previously healthy children. CONCLUSION Based on our results, obesity is not related to COVID-19 outcomes in pediatric patients, but after controlling for confounding effects, underweight in children with underlying comorbidities was more likely to be associated with a poor prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Madani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amene Navaeian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Khodabandeh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setareh Mamishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Karimi E, Haghighatdoost F, Mohammadifard N, Najafi F, Farshidi H, Kazemi T, Solati K, Shahdadian F, Arab A, Sarrafzadegan N, Mansourian M. The influential role of parents' socioeconomic status and diet quality on their children's dietary behavior: results from the LIPOKAP study among the Iranian population. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:188. [PMID: 37085814 PMCID: PMC10120167 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a paucity of evidence regarding the influential factors on Iranian children's diet quality. To assess this issue, we explore the relationship between parental diet quality, socioeconomic status (SES), and nutritional knowledge with their children's diet quality using a cross-sectional sample of the Iranian population. METHODS In this study, paired parents along with one of their children (aged 6-18 years old) who lived with them were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and diet quality was determined using an Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Nutritional knowledge and SES were also explored using validated questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was used and beta (β) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. RESULTS After controlling for potential confounders, the parents' AHEI was significantly associated with their children's diet quality (β = 12.34, 95% CI: 10.75, 13.93; P < 0.001). The nutritional knowledge of parents was significantly associated with children's AHEI after controlling for potential confounders (β = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.14, 3.11; P = 0.032). Moreover, the parents' SES was inversely associated with the AHEI of children (β=-3.76, 95% CI: -5.40, -2.11; P < 0.001); however, further adjustment for confounders attenuated this relationship (Model 3: β = 0.87, 95% CI: -0.76, 2.34; P = 0.269). CONCLUSIONS We found that the children's diet quality could be influenced by their parents' SES, nutritional knowledge, and diet quality. Our findings suggest that improving the nutritional knowledge of parents not only may improve the healthy eating pattern of parents but also could influence their children's diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Karimi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Tooba Kazemi
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kamal Solati
- Department of Psychiatry, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shahdadian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arman Arab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Tabib A, Samiei N, Ghavidel AA, Bakhshandeh H, Noohi F, Hosseini S, Rezaei Y. Reference percentiles for tri-ponderal mass index and its association with general and abdominal obesity among Iranian children and adolescents: A report from the SHED LIGHT study. Am J Hum Biol 2023:e23885. [PMID: 36840415 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body mass index (BMI) has some limitations in identifying obesity, particularly among children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the reference percentiles of tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) for Iranian population, and its relation to BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR). METHODS Baseline characteristics for 14 641 children and adolescents were applied. The area under the characteristics (AUC) curve and optimal cut-off points for TMI were used to define the accuracy of TMI for discriminating general and central obesity compared to other anthropometric measurements. RESULTS TMI levels remained stable from 6 to 18 years with a small range of difference. The highest AUCs for discriminating obesity according to BMI and WHtR ≥0.5 from non-obese subjects were related to TMI (0.980) and TMI (0.912), respectively, and these findings were similar for both sexes. Moreover, the AUC for TMI to discriminate central obesity by WHtR was higher than that for BMI (0.912 vs. 0.833, p < .001), and this difference was similar among sex and age groups. The optimal value of TMI for discriminating general obesity, obesity by WC, and obesity by WHtR were 15.2 (sensitivity 96.2 and specificity 89.8), 15 (sensitivity 86.9 and specificity 79.9), and 13.9 (sensitivity 85.1 and specificity 81.5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS TMI discriminated central obesity by WHtR more accurately than obesity by BMI among Iranian children and adolescents irrespective of sex. Besides it remained relatively constant across age- and sex-specific groups providing a single optimal cut-off point for screening obesity during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisa Tabib
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Samiei
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza A Ghavidel
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Bakhshandeh
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Feridoun Noohi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Hosseini
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Rezaei
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Behyan Clinic, Pardis New Town, Tehran, Iran
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Dormanesh B, Arasteh P, Daryanavard R, Mardani M, Ahmadi M, Nikoupour H. Epidemiology of obesity and high blood pressure among school-age children from military families: the largest report from our region. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:37. [PMID: 36683049 PMCID: PMC9868491 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the first time, we aimed to determine the epidemiology and associated factors of obesity and hypertension among children of military families in our region. METHODS In this multi-centered study, children between the ages of 5 to 12 years old, entered the study. Data on baseline and clinical characteristics, history of disease and anthropometric measurements, were collected. RESULTS Among 504 children, 44.2% were males. Mean (SD) age of participants was 7.9 ± 1.9 years. Overall, 5% were obese and 9.9% were overweight. In total, 16.3% had elevated BP, 12.5% had stage one and 0.2% had stage two hypertension. Age (beta = 0.306, OR = 1.35, 95% CI:1.14-1.61), obesity/overweight (OR = 5.58, 95% CI:2.59-12.0), history of hypertension in mother (OR = 43.24, 95% CI:5.99-312.11), low birth weight (OR = 7.96, 95% CI:2.59-12.0), physical activity (OR = 0.27, 95% CI:0.10-0.72), and consumption of fast food more than once a week (OR = 3.36, 95% CI:1.82-6.19), were associated with risk of hypertension. Furthermore, age (beta = 0.346, OR = 1.41, 95% CI:1.21-1.64), history of childhood obesity in the father (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.77-8.06) and mother (OR = 2.44, 95% CI:1.07-5.56), and physical activity (OR = 0.27, 95% CI:0.11-0.66), were associated with obesity. CONCLUSION Age, obesity/overweight, history of hypertension in the mother, birth weight, physical activity, and consumption of fast food, were associated with risk of hypertension. Moreover, age, history of childhood obesity in parents, and physical activity, were associated with obesity. Furthermore, we found that school-age children in military families have higher rates of hypertension and overweight compared to other reports from our region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Dormanesh
- Department of Pediatric, AJA University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Arasteh
- AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roya Daryanavard
- Department of Pediatric, AJA University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Toorang F, Takian A, Pouraram H, Amiri P, Abdullahi Z. Setting and prioritizing evidence-informed policies to control childhood obesity in Iran: a mixed Delphi and policy dialogue approach. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:724. [PMID: 36536338 PMCID: PMC9763081 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity (CO) and related complications is high and alarmingly increasing in Iran. This study applied a mixed Delphi & Policy Dialogue approach to exploring and prioritizing policy options to control childhood obesity in Iran. METHODS This study is organized in three Delphi phases followed by a policy dialogue session. This study applied the advocacy collation framework and evidence-informed policy-making approach to enhance the chance of a feasible and acceptable policy package. The first step consisted of interviews with 30 experts and primary stakeholders. Based on their answers and a comprehensive literature review, a list of presumed effective policy options to combat CO in Iran was made. Then, panelists were asked to score each policy option using a five-point Likert scale in seven constructs. To maximize the spread of opinions, panelists were chosen to represent three perspectives: policy-makers at different levels, presidents of various organizations who would implement potential policy options, and academics. Twenty-one stakeholders were invited to discuss the policy options in a policy dialogue section. RESULTS We introduced 27 policy options and asked stakeholders to rank them using seven criteria on a five-level Likert scale. Totally, 41 experts participated in round 2 (66.2% response rate), and 33 experts took part in round 3 (72% response rate). Participants believed that healthy schools, creating healthy environments in kindergartens and other child care centers, subsidizing healthy foods, educating healthy lifestyles in mass media, and increasing access to physical activity facilities are the most effective and feasible policies in controlling CO. After the policy dialogue, the healthy school remained the most prioritized policy. a policy package to combat CO in Iran was designed with the participation of all stakeholders. CONCLUSION The advocacy collation framework and the evidence-informed policy-making approach were used to draft a policy package to combat CO, increasing the acceptability and feasibility of the developed policy package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Toorang
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box:1455-6119, Tehran, IR Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Takian
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Departments of Global Health & Public Policy, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1455-6119, Tehran, IR Iran ,grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Pouraram
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box:1455-6119, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- grid.411600.2Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Abdullahi
- grid.415814.d0000 0004 0612 272XNutrition Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
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Najd-Hassan-Bonab L, Safarpour M, Moazzam-Jazi M, Azizi F, Daneshpour MS. The role of FTO variant rs1421085 in the relationship with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3053-3062. [PMID: 36434470 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) is considered the first locus associated with adiposity, a concerning health problem worldwide. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between the FTO variants and obesity susceptibility. While the strong association of FTO rs1421085 with the risk of obesity across populations was reported in different studies, some researchers found a lack of association of this variant with adiposity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between obesity and rs1421085 polymorphism. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to June 2022 to find pertinent studies. To further assess this issue, we surveyed the probable association of rs1421085 with obesity development among Iranian adults using the logistic regression analysis, and the obtained results were used for doing meta-analysis. After selection, nine eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis through the random- and fixed-effect models to determine the combined odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS According to our meta-analysis conducted on 5169 obese and 7772 non-obese individuals using different genetic models, including recessive, dominant, over-dominant, and additive, rs1421085 could positively increase the risk of obesity under all tested genetic models. Also, we detected a high to moderate level of heterogeneity among different studies under various genetic models. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis further verified the positive association of FTO rs1421085 with the risk of developing obesity. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42021220092. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najd-Hassan-Bonab
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Safarpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moazzam-Jazi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvaneh St, Yemen St, Chamran Exp, PO Box 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Aminnejad B, Roumi Z, Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh N, Vahid F, Gholamalizadeh M, Kalantari N, Ataei A, Doaei S. Association of dietary antioxidant index with body mass index in adolescents. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 9:15-22. [PMID: 36789029 PMCID: PMC9913194 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary antioxidants may decrease body fat through reduction of oxidative stress. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and body mass index (BMI) in adolescent boys. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 593 adolescent boys aged 12-16 years were randomly selected and were divided into two groups of overweight and non-overweight individuals. Data on physical activity and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using 168-item semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the DAI score was calculated to measure the antioxidant capacity of the diet. Results The overweight adolescents had higher intake of energy (2490.55 ± 632.49 vs. 2354.33 ± 632.64 kcal/d, p = 0.01), carbohydrate (290.21 ± 71.41 vs. 272.93 ± 79.22 g/d, p = 0.01), fat (111.51 ± 40.76 vs. 104.51 ± 35.56 g/d, p = 0.04), calcium (811.70 ± 283.70 vs. 741.06 ± 251.17 g/d, p = 0.003), and vitamin D (1.41 ± 1.17 vs. 1.18 ± 1.19 μg/d, p = 0.031) in comparison with normal weight adolescents. The DAI had an inverse association with BMI after adjustment for age and caloric intake (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96, p = 0.009). Additional adjustment for dietary intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc, manganese, and selenium did not change the results. Conclusion The results of the study showed that following a diet rich in antioxidants may be effective in preventing obesity in adolescent boys. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these finding and to determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Aminnejad
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Zahra Roumi
- Master of Science Student of Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | | | - Farhad Vahid
- Population Health DepartmentPublic Health ResearchLuxembourg Institute of HealthStrassenLuxembourg
| | | | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Asal Ataei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community NutritionFaculty of Nutrition and Food TechnologyNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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14
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Khatamnejad M, Akhlaghi M. Maternal-child overweight relationship, assessment of maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221124734. [PMID: 36071603 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents play a key role in constructing children' behaviours. We studies maternal-child overweight relationship and compared maternal perception of child weight status and feeding behaviours between groups of normal-weight and overweight children. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted on 192 girls aged 10-13 years and their mothers. They were divided to two groups of overweight (n = 94) and normal-weight (n = 98) children. Anthropometric characteristics were measured for children and mothers. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between child overweight and tertiles of maternal body mass index (BMI). Maternal perception of child's weight status and her engagement in promoting child's healthy behaviours was assessed. RESULTS BMI and waist circumference was significantly higher in children (P < 0.001) and mothers (P < 0.01) of overweight compared to normal-weight group. There was a significant relationship between children's overweight and tertiles of maternal BMI, which remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Mothers of overweight children were more concerned for their child's overeating and overweight, and for compelling the child to diet to maintain a desirable weight (P < 0.001). In contrast, mothers of normal-weight children restricted sugar-sweetened drinks (P = 0.008), offered fruit and vegetables (P = 0.035), and helped their children to get enough physical activity (P = 0.022) and night sleep (P = 0.001) more than mothers in other group. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a strong relationship between children and mothers' overweight. Despite being more concerned about their child weight status, mothers of overweight children reported behaviours which were less encouraging the children for healthy eating and lifestyle than mothers of normal-weight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Khatamnejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 48435Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Mohammadi S, Lotfi K, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P. Dietary total antioxidant capacity in relation to metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents. Nutr J 2022; 21:54. [PMID: 36038871 PMCID: PMC9426225 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although several studies evaluated the relationship between individual dietary antioxidants and metabolic health conditions, data on the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and metabolic health among children and adolescents is limited. This study investigated the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity and metabolic health status in Iranian overweight/obese adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 overweight/obese adolescents. Dietary intakes were evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Ferric Reducing-Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was considered to indicate dietary total antioxidant capacity. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure status were measured. Fasting blood samples were obtained to determine circulating insulin, glucose, and lipid profile. Two different methods (modified International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and IDF criteria along with insulin resistance) were applied to classify participants as metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Results According to IDF and IDF/HOMA definitions, a total of 79 (38.9%) and 67 (33.0%) adolescents were respectively defined as MUO. Considering IDF criteria, the highest tertile of FRAP was related to lower odds of being MUO in the maximally-adjusted model (OR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.16–0.96), compared to the lowest tertile. However, based on the IDF/HOMA-IR criteria, no significant relation was found between FRAP and odds of MUO (OR: 0.49; 95%CI: 0.19–1.23) after considering all possible confounders. Conclusions Adolescents with higher intakes of dietary antioxidants have a lower possibility of being MUO based on IDF criteria. However, no substantial relation was found considering HOMA-IR/IDF definition. Further prospective cohort studies need to be done to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Mohammadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Keyhan Lotfi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
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16
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Asghari G, Mirmiran P, Rezaeemanesh A, Mahdavi M, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Changes in ideal cardiovascular health among Iranian adolescents: 2007-2008 to 2015-2017. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 35883048 PMCID: PMC9316362 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of both behavior and factors of health as ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) in adolescence could contribute to cardiovascular disease prevention in adulthood. AIMS To explore the changes in the prevalence of iCVH and its components during a decade among Tehranian adolescents. METHODS The 12-19 years old adolescents were selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(TLGS). The iCVH score was calculated in the study period 1 (2007-2008; n = 267) and 2 (2015-2017; n = 336). To calculate iCVH, body mass index(BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), physical activity, smoking status, and dietary intakes were measured by standard protocols. The changes in iCVH components between the two study periods were reported by prevalence (95% confidence interval). A logistic regression model was conducted to test the effects of study periods, sex, and age groups on the iCVH(≥ 6 scores). RESULTS Overall, there was a reduction in the prevalence of ideal FPG (97.4 vs. 91.1%) and ideal BP(91.8 vs. 82.7%). Girls had a decrease in the prevalence of ideal BP(91.2 vs. 79.4%) as well as an increase in non-smoking status(77.6 vs. 89.7%). However, the prevalence of ideal FPG (96.5 vs. 88.5%) and ideal BP(92.2 vs 85.0%) decreased in boys. Study period 2, compared to period 1 was associated with lower odds of having iCVH. Furthermore, boys were 1.57 folds more likely to have ideal CVH factors than girls. CONCLUSION There was a decrease in the prevalence of ideal CVD metrics, including FPG and BP, after one decade. Generally, adolescent boys had higher odds of having ideal CVH compared to girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Rezaeemanesh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereiodoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Understanding the perceptions of parents and preschool principals on the determinants of weight management among Iranian preschoolers: A directed qualitative content analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270244. [PMID: 35737692 PMCID: PMC9223302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the perceptions and experiences of Iranian parents and principals of preschool children on weight management based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM), a comprehensive structure for assessing health needs for designing, implementing, and evaluating health promotion, and other public health programs. PRECEDE provides a structure for planning a targeted and focused public health program, and PROCEED provides a structure for implementing and evaluating the program. Data were gathered from 17 preschoolers’ parents and two principals using semi-structured interviews in the preschool setting in Tehran, the capital of Iran, in 2019. Data were analyzed manually through directed content analysis based on constructs in phases two and three of the PPM, simultaneously with data collection. This study identified genetic, behavioral (e.g., food preferences, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, the effect of parents’, peers’, principals’ and teachers’ behavior and also influence of grandparents’ and neighbors’ behaviors) and environmental (e.g., home, grandparents’ home and preschool) factors from the epidemiological construct. Also, predisposing (e.g., child’s attitude, parent’s and principals’ attitude, as well as parents’ knowledge and parents’ and principals’ beliefs), enabling (e.g., parental skills and skills of the principals and teachers, rules and laws in the preschools, and availability), and reinforcing (e.g., family support and influences, teachers’ encouragement and influences, and peers’ influences) factors were identified from the educational and ecological construct. Additionally, “quality of child-parent relationship” was determined as a new factor affecting preschoolers’ weight management promotion; however, it was not in the PPM. In the study, parents’ and principals’ experiences regarding preschoolers’ weight management promotion confirmed the genetic, behavioral, environmental, predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors of the PPM. “Quality of child-parent relationship” factor may be related to the culture and family relationship type of Iranian people, which is suggested to be investigated in future studies.
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18
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Ebrahimi S, Leech RM, McNaughton SA, Abdollahi M, Houshiarrad A, Livingstone KM. Associations between diet quality and obesity in a nationally representative sample of Iranian households: A cross-sectional study. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:12-20. [PMID: 35127119 PMCID: PMC8804934 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research examining associations between diet quality and obesity in Iranian adults is limited by small and non-representative samples. This study examined associations between two diet quality indices and obesity risk in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adults and interactions by sex and area of residence. METHODS Data on 18,307 adults (mean age 37 [SD 15.2] years) were used from the Iranian National Survey 2001-2003. Two diet quality indices (Healthy Eating Index 2015, HEI-2015, and Diet Quality Index International, DQI-I) were calculated from household 24-h dietary recalls. Multi-level regression analyses were used to examine the association between household diet quality and individual-level obesity risk, with interaction terms for sex and area of residence. RESULTS Higher household HEI-2015 and DQI-I were associated with higher risk of obesity (HEI-2015: relative risk ratio: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05; DQI-I: relative risk ratio: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.02), with stronger effect sizes in adults living in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS Higher diet quality (HEI-2015 and DQI-I) was associated with higher obesity risk, which was stronger in adults living in rural areas. Due to the complexity of examining these associations in a Middle Eastern country undergoing a nutrition transition, longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rebecca M. Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sarah A. McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of Nutrition ResearchNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteSchool of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Anahita Houshiarrad
- Department of Nutrition ResearchNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteSchool of Nutrition Sciences and Food TechnologyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Katherine M. Livingstone
- Institute for Physical Activity and NutritionSchool of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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Vaziri F, Bahrololoomi Z, Savabieh Z, Sezavar K. The relationship between children's body mass index and periodontal status. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:64-68. [PMID: 35136319 PMCID: PMC8796783 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_899_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. Being overweight and obese are important risk factors for various adult diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, and periodontal diseases. This study aimed to compare the periodontal findings in obese children with those exhibiting normal body mass. Materials and Methods In the present retrospective cohort study, 108 children, 12 years of age, were randomly assigned to the two groups with equal gender distribution, selected from the schools in Yazd, Iran: obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥25) and nonobese (BMI <25). After obtaining informed consent forms from their parents, each participant's demographic data and BMI were recorded, and periodontal indices were determined including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Then, a questionnaire on dietary and oral hygiene habits was completed by the participants. The data were collected and analyzed with a Chi-square test and t-test. Results The results showed statistically significantly higher mean PI, BOP, and PD in obese participants than nonobese participants (P < 0.05), with no statistically significant difference in CAL between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions The periodontal indices of PI, BOP, and PD in obese children were significantly higher than in children with a normal weight. However, there was no statistically significant difference in CAL between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Vaziri
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahrololoomi
- Social Determinants of Oral Health Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Savabieh
- Pediatric Dentistry, Social Determinants of Oral Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Kimiya Sezavar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Guo Y, Yin X, Sun Y, Zhang T, Li M, Zhang F, Liu Y, Xu J, Pei D, Huang T. Research on Environmental Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in China. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010035. [PMID: 35010910 PMCID: PMC8746339 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the impact of environmental factors such as latitude, altitude, family socioeconomic status (SES), and level of urbanization on overweight and obesity (ow/ob) in children and adolescents. The participants comprised 26,120 children and adolescents aged 10-18 from 16 provinces in China. Differences in the prevalence of ow/ob under different environmental conditions were evaluated by the chi-square test. The influence of various environmental factors on ow/ob was obtained by logistic regression analysis. We found that (1) the prevalence of ow/ob fell between from 19.2% to 11.9% at 10 years old and from 13.8% to 6% at 18 years old; (2) latitude, family SES, income, and urbanization level are positively correlated with the prevalence of ow/ob; and (3) altitude has a negative correlation with the prevalence of ow/ob. The prevalence of ow/ob decreased with age in children and adolescents aged 10-18, and the risk of ow/ob showed significant differences in latitude, altitude, family SES level, gross domestic product (GDP), and level of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
- College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-60873007
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Jianyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Dandan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
| | - Tianlong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (Y.S.); (T.Z.); (M.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.X.); (D.P.); (T.H.)
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Developmental trajectories of body mass index since childhood and health-related quality of life in young adulthood: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Qual Life Res 2021; 31:2093-2106. [PMID: 34800222 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-03038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between long-term BMI changes since childhood and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adulthood is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between identified BMI trajectories and HRQoL. METHODS A population-based cohort of 1938 eligible children (3-18 years) and their parents have been repeatedly followed up for 18 years. Offspring BMI trajectories were identified using group-based trajectory models. HRQoL was evaluated in offspring aged 21-36 years using SF-12V2. Using quantile regression analysis, the associations of the identified BMI trajectories and HRQoL in young adulthood were examined. RESULTS In males, persistent increasing overweight/obese group was negatively associated with 30th, 40th, 50th, and 60th percentiles of physical component summary (PCS) score distribution (β = - 2.60, p = 0.006; β = - 2.01, p = 0.005; β = - 1.86, p = 0.001; β = - 1.98, p = 0.009, respectively). A similar result was observed only in the 40th percentile of PCS distribution for the progressive overweight group (β = - 1.03, p = 0.022). In addition, the progressive overweight group in males showed a positive association with the upper tail of mental component summary (MCS) score distribution specifically for the 90th percentile (β = 1.15, p = 0.036). Regarding females, the current results indicated that the 90th percentile of MCS distributions was decreased in the persistent increasing overweight/obese group for females (β = - 1.83, p = 0.024). In addition, the progressive overweight group in females had a positive association with lower (30th and 40th) percentiles of PCS distribution (β = 1.29, p = 0.034, and β = 1.15, p = 0.030, respectively). CONCLUSION A sex-specific conditional association between developmental BMI trajectories from childhood and HRQoL in young adulthood was observed in physical and mental HRQoL.
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Parvin P, Amiri P, Jalali-Farahani S, Karimi M, Moein Eslam M, Azizi F. Maternal Emotional States in Relation to Offspring Weight and Health-Related Quality of Life: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2021; 19:e113107. [PMID: 35069749 PMCID: PMC8762283 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.113107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal characteristics have been known to be associated with parenting practices, which could eventually influence their child's weight and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the direct and indirect associations of maternal emotional states (depression, anxiety, and stress) with body mass index (BMI) and HRQoL in their children. METHODS This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (TLGS). Participants were the children (n = 231) enrolled in TLGS during 2014 - 2016, who had complete data on maternal emotional states. The body weight and height of children were measured using the standard protocol, and BMI Z-score was determined using Anthroplus. Also, HRQoL in children and emotional states in mothers were assessed using the Iranian version of the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQLTM4.0) and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), respectively. Structural equations modeling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect relations of maternal emotional states with children's BMI Z-score and HRQoL. RESULTS Mean age, BMI Z-score, and HRQoL total score in children were 13.8 ± 3.1 years, 0.74 ± 1.5, and 84.7 ± 11.3, respectively. In the mothers, median DASS-21 scores (interquartile ranges) in the three scales of depression, anxiety, and stress were 4 (0 - 10), 6 (2 - 12), and 14 (8 - 20), respectively. Maternal level of education was significantly associated with the DASS-21 score (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.37,-0.07). Maternal DASS-21 score was significantly associated with BMI Z-score only in girls (β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.53). Significant determinants of HRQoL in boys were the child's age (β = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.40, -0.01) and maternal education (β = -0.24, 95%CI: -0.44, -0.02) and emotional state (β = -0.24, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.03). The child's age (β = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.53, -0.10) and maternal emotional state (β = -0.31, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.08) were significantly associated with HRQoL in girls. CONCLUSIONS The maternal emotional state is an important determinant of HRQoL in children, regardless of their weight status. Further research is recommended to examine the current hypothesized model in rural and suburban populations, taking into consideration more influential factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Parvin
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Jalali-Farahani
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Moein Eslam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Entezarmahdi R, Houshiarrad A, Gheibi S, Hamisi A, Babayi F, Ajami M, Esmaeili M, Roudsari AH, Khakzad L, Mojarrad H, Abdollahi M. Dietary and Socio-Economic Predictors of Obesity Among 2-5-Year Old in Northwest Iran. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:116. [PMID: 34760127 PMCID: PMC8551770 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_695_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a rising epidemic in developing countries, childhood obesity and overweight need particular attention. METHODS The sample (n = 2432) was randomly selected among children aged 24-59 months living in West Azerbaijan Province whose information was recorded in SIB software. The survey questionnaire is derived from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey questionnaires designed by the WHO 2017 and UNICEF 2017, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity defined as BMIz (body mass index z-score)> +2 was 1.4% among children. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was high in 59.3% of children, moderate in 36.1%, and low in 4.6%. Socio-economic status (SES) of children families was high, moderate, and low in 34%, 28.9%, and 37.1% of families, respectively. Physical activity hours were over 3 in 85.9% of children. The girls were more likely to be obese than the boys (OR = 0.43, P = 0.016). Those with high and moderate DDS were less likely to be obese than those with low DDS (OR = 0.250 and OR = 0.180, respectively). The likelihood of obesity among children with high and moderate SES were 2.6 and 1.6 times more compared to children with low SES, respectively. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, DDS and physical activity levels are related to obesity in children aged 24-59 months. Therefore, establishing proper nutritional behavior and promoting a healthy lifestyle are essential for preventing obesity and non-communicable diseases in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Entezarmahdi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Anahita Houshiarrad
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Gheibi
- Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Hamisi
- Thinking Room's Manager, Deputy of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fariba Babayi
- Department of Nutrition, Health Province center, Deputy of health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Esmaeili
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Haghighian Roudsari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khakzad
- Department of Statistics, Deputy of health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Mojarrad
- Public Health Office, Deputy of health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Niknam M, Omidvar N, Amiri P, Eini-Zinab H, Kalantari N. Community readiness for childhood obesity prevention programs: findings from an urban population in Iran. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:824-835. [PMID: 33111938 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the Iranian local communities' readiness stage to engage with childhood obesity prevention programs for late primary school children in districts 2 and 16 of Tehran as the representatives of high and low socio-economic districts, respectively. First, a Delphi approach was conducted to assess the socio-cultural necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of the community readiness model and its dimensions as a planning basis for childhood obesity prevention program(s) in Iran. Then, the community readiness interview guide's translation, modification, content and face validity were performed. Finally, 66 interviews with key informants were conducted and scored to assess community readiness. The socio-cultural necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of community readiness model and its dimensions were confirmed by Delphi participants and two questions were added to the interview guide. Content and face validity of the interview guide were at acceptable levels. Assessment of the community readiness based on the key informants' perspective showed that the overall mean readiness score of targeted local communities was 4.61 ± 0.54 and 4.22 ± 0.26 in high and low socio-economic districts, respectively, corresponded to 'preplanning stage'. The highest score was 5.00 ± 0.48 correspond to the 'preparation stage', which belonged to girls' schools in district 2. Small differences were found in the readiness stage of local communities by sex and socio-economic status of schools. The results highlight the need to increase community awareness, gain their support to recognize childhood obesity as a priority, address cultural misconceptions and improve the obesity prevention programs to achieve a higher level of readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Niknam
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan, St. Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, Tehran, Iran 1981629573
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan, St. Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, Tehran, Iran 1981629573
| | - Parisa Amiri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, Iran 1985717413
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan, St. Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, Tehran, Iran 1981629573
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, West Arghavan, St. Farahzadi Blvd., Shahrak Qods, Tehran, Iran 1981629573
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Time trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007-2019): repeated cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5318-5328. [PMID: 34342262 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. DESIGN Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. SETTING Public primary, middle and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. PARTICIPANTS Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (n 172 603). RESULTS According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, respectively, increased from 17·73 % and 21·37 % in 2007 to 20·19 % and 28·39 % in 2019 (Pfor trend < 0·001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z-score. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.
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Yien JM, Wang HH, Wang RH, Chou FH, Chen KH, Tsai FS. Effect of Mobile Health Technology on Weight Control in Adolescents and Preteens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2021; 9:708321. [PMID: 34336779 PMCID: PMC8319399 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.708321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a crucial public health concern. In recent years, numerous studies have employed mobile health technology applications for weight control in children but obtaining varying effects. We conducted a meta-analysis to discuss the effectiveness of mobile health technology in reducing the body mass index (BMI) of obese children. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in BMI between the intervention and control groups was employed to measure the effect of mobile health technology intervention on weight control. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 software was employed for meta-analysis, and the results are presented in a forest plot. This study included nine randomized control trials, which featured a total of 1,202 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that mobile health technology intervention did not have a significant weight loss effect on subjects with obesity. However, by using ethnicity as a moderating variable for subgroup analysis, we discovered that the BMI of ethnic Chinese groups who received mobile health technology intervention was significantly lower than that of the control group. This effect was not significant in the non-ethnic Chinese subgroup. Therefore, the use of mobile health technology intervention for weight control in ethnic Chinese children resulted in significantly lower BMI in these children; however, the use of mobile health technology intervention for weight control is unsuitable for non-ethnic Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Mei Yien
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Care Management, University of Kang Ning, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hsia Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Business Administration, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Business Administration, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Environmental Toxin and Emerging-Contaminant Research, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Super Micro Mass Research and Technology Center, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Jalilpiran Y, Mozaffari H, Askari M, Jafari A, Azadbakht L. The association between Healthy Beverage Index and anthropometric measures among children: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1437-1445. [PMID: 32651771 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies evaluated the associations between specific beverages and cardio-metabolic risks among children. However, the evidence on the association between patterns of the beverage consumption and children's anthropometric indices is rare. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the association between Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) and anthropometric measures among 6-year-old girl children. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 788 children selected from health centers in Tehran, Iran. Data on beverage intake, socio-demographic, physical activity, and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using reliable and validated standard protocols. The predefined HBI was calculated based on the previous research. RESULTS After controlling for several confounders [mother age, mother body mass index, mother physical activity, socioeconomic status, children physical activity and energy intake, total oils (all kinds of oils like animal and plant oils), and total sweet foods (sweet foods except sweetened beverages)], being in the third compared to the first tertile of HBI among children was associated with increased odds of wasting (OR: 5.16; 95% CI 1.5-17.79) and underweight/wasting (OR: 1.81; 95% CI 1.07-3.07). Among the HBI components, just being in the third compared to the first tertile of high-fat milk was inversely associated with decreased odds of wasting (OR: 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.73). CONCLUSIONS The HBI among children was associated with higher odds of wasting and underweight/wasting. In addition, high-fat milk consumption decreased the odds of wasting among children. Further prospective studies need to confirm these results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive cross-sectional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1416643931, Tehran, Iran.
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.
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Taghizadeh S, Khodayari-Zarnaq R, Farhangi MA. Childhood obesity prevention policies in Iran: a policy analysis of agenda-setting using Kingdon's multiple streams. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:250. [PMID: 34044800 PMCID: PMC8155654 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric obesity is one of the most important health challenges of the twenty-first century. Primary prevention of childhood obesity, can lessen its consequences. This study aims to assess childhood obesity prevention policies in Iran through a policy analysis of agenda-setting using Kingdon's multiple streams. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews with 39 key informants and document review from different stages of the policymaking process of childhood and adolescent obesity prevention programs in Iran. The analysis of documents and interviews were guided based on Kingdon's multiple streams (problem, policy and political streams). RESULTS The important factors of the problem stream were the high prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity and its risk factors in Iran. In the policy stream, a focus on preventing non-communicable diseases in the health system, increasing the workforce in health centers, promoting health school programs, and creating healthy eating buffets in schools was identified. Under the political stream, the impact of the WHO ECHO program in 2015 and the implementation of the health system transformation plan in Iran in the new government took place after 2013, caused the Iran ECHO program entered the agenda and implemented from 2016. CONCLUSIONS Now that a window of opportunity for childhood and adolescent obesity prevention policymaking has been created, the problems such as the therapeutic approach in the health system, the existence of sanctions against Iran and outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), have hindered the successful implementation of this policy and the opportunity window has not been well used. However, actors need political support from the high levels of government to keep this policy on the agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Taghizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614711, Attar Nishabouri St, PO BOX: 14711, Tabriz, I. R Iran
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de Waal E, Pienaar AE. Influences of persistent overweight on perceptual-motor proficiency of primary school children: the North-West CHILD longitudinal study : Persistent overweight and perceptual-motor proficiency in children. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:245. [PMID: 34016074 PMCID: PMC8136082 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight can be a precursor of poor motor execution, negatively impacting the overall development of school-aged children on various levels. This study determined the long-term influences of overweight on perceptual-motor proficiency (PMP) of primary school children in the North-West Province of South Africa. METHODS The study, which included 381 participants, formed part of the NW-CHILD longitudinal study from Grade 1 (6.86 years, ± 0.39) in 2010 to Grade 7 (12.9 years, ± 0.38) in 2016. Socioeconomic categories, called quintiles, were used to compare high and low socioeconomic status groups. Overweight was identified when BMI values fell above the 85th percentile, using age- and gender-specific cut-off points. The group was categorised into 4 BMI groups (never overweight, persistent overweight, overweight-to-normal and normal-to-overweight). The Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2) Short Form and selected composites measuring strength, balance, and running speed and agility were used to assess PMP. RESULTS A repeated measures ANOVA analysis indicated specific PMP differences between different BMI groups, but not total motor proficiency (BOT-2 Short Form total) differences. Practical significant group differences (Cohen's d-values) were found in running speed and agility, strength, balance and the BOT-2 total, over seven primary school years. The persistent overweight group showed the poorest performance over time, but also showed deteriorating skills and a gradual widening in perceptual-motor skills performance, compared to the other groups. BMI-related differences in perceptual-motor coordination were also more pronounced in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Persistent overweight negatively impacts specific motor-proficiency components, while improving weight status can counter these effects, which highlights the importance of timeous intervention to combat obesity at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna de Waal
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Focus area, Faculty Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2523 Republic of South Africa
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301 Republic of South Africa
| | - Anita Elizabeth Pienaar
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Focus area, Faculty Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private bag X 6001, Potchefstroom, 2523 Republic of South Africa
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Moeini B, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Bashirian S, Doosti-Irani A, Afshari M, Geravandi A. Effect of interventions based on regular physical activity on weight management in adolescents: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2021; 10:52. [PMID: 33557946 PMCID: PMC7871535 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of educational interventions on promoting regular physical activity in adolescent weight management programs. METHODS The relevant studies indexed in Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched using keywords namely "Physical Activity, Adolescent, Weight Management, Body Mass Index (BMI), Randomized Controlled Trials, and Clinical Trial." Up to the end of March 2020, two authors independently screened the papers, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) tool. RESULTS Out of 12,944 initial studies, 14 met the inclusion criteria after screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the papers. The participants in these studies were aged between 6 and 18 years, and 13 studies included participants from both sexes. Moreover, eight of them were performed as a controlled clinical trial. The overall estimate of the difference showed that the interventions improved weight loss which is a statistically significant finding. The participants in the intervention group had a weight loss of 1.02 kg compared to the control group at a 95% confidence interval (- 4.794-0.222). CONCLUSION Published longitudinal data indicated that physical activity declines over the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Using the results of the study, policy-makers can design educational interventions using educational models and patterns. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Moeini
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Public health, School of Public health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai
- Department of Public health, School of Public health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeed Bashirian
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Afshari
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Azam Geravandi
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Alami A, Jafari A, Hosseini Z. Differences in overweight/obesity prevalence by demographic characteristics and self-weight misperception status. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 41:249-253. [PMID: 33487272 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increasing the prevalence of overweight and obesity is one of the main concerns of health systems of the world. This research was conducted to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and its related factors in the Eastern part of Iran. METHODS An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted among 1048 inhabitants aged between 15 and 64 years who lived in Gonabad and Bajestan, two districts locating in the East of Iran, in 2016. A probability proportional to size stratified sampling was used to select the participants. We applied a checklist to collect the required data. Analyzing the data, we used t-test, χ2, and ANOVA. A significant level of 0.05 was considered in this study. RESULTS Total prevalence of overweight/obesity was 43.8%. There were significant associations between overweight/obesity and age (P < 0.001), sex (P = 0.008 in Gonabad, P = 0.004 in Bajestan), marital status (P < 0.001, in Gonabad, P = 0.001 in Bajestan), and job (P < 0.001). There was also a discrepancy between the participants' self-perception of weight and their real weight status. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study showed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity among women, government employees, and married individuals. Therefore, focusing on these groups in implementing weight control interventions is recommended. According to the high prevalence of obesity in housewives as well as the role of women to control the normal weight of their family members via providing healthy food, it seems that one of the most effective groups in the programs would be housewives. Besides, strengthening health literacy is recommended to eliminate self-weight misperception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alami
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.
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Azadnajafabad S, Mohammadi E, Aminorroaya A, Fattahi N, Rezaei S, Haghshenas R, Rezaei N, Naderimagham S, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Non-communicable diseases' risk factors in Iran; a review of the present status and action plans. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021:1-9. [PMID: 33500879 PMCID: PMC7821170 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death globally, imposing a heavy burden on the healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Iran is a country in the Middle-East region with an aging population and changing disease risk factors, and now is facing NCDs as the major health problem of the country. Investigating NCDs' risk factors and tackling preventable ones is the main intervention to control their heavy burden. In this review, we discussed the most critical risk factors in Iran and the implemented programs and action plans to control them. A better knowledge on current status of risk factors and plans to tackle them, could help policymakers effectively rule policies and allocate resources to curb heavy burden of NCDs in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Aminorroaya
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mansouri V, Riahi R, Khademian M, Qorbani M, Heidari-Beni M, Heshmat R, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Dashti R, Taheri M, Daniali S, Kelishadi R. Factors Associated with Tendency for Weight Loss in a Representative Sample of Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 33088451 PMCID: PMC7554429 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_358_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to determine the factors affecting the tendency to lose weight (TLW) and its methods in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: In this cross-sectional nationwide study 14800 students, aged 7–18 years, living in 30 provinces of Iran were selected via multistage cluster random sampling method. The dietary and physical activity habits and TLW as well as psychosocial health status, anxiety, self-satisfaction, and change in dietary behaviors were assessed by the global school-based student health survey (WHO-GSHS) questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify factors influencing TLW. Results: Overall, 14274 students (participation rate of 99%), consisting of 51% boys and 71.4% urban residents, completed the study. Of them, 37.7% (51.4% Girls and 48.6% boys) tended to lose weight. In multivariate model, the odds for TLW was 12% higher in students aged 13–18 years than those aged 6–12 years (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.23; P < 0.001). Students with high anxiety level were 43% more likely to have TLW (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.28–1.59; P < 0.001). The odds of increasing physical activity for weight loss was 22% lower in obese than in normal weight students (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.93; P < 0.001). Conclusions: TLW was significantly higher in girls, as well as in those with higher anxiety level. In addition to dietary change, increasing physical activity should be encouraged among children and adolescents with excess weight. Public education regarding proper lifestyle change for reaching healthy weight should be underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Mansouri
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Khademian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Epidemiology, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Department of Health Psychology, Research Center of Education Ministry Studies, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Dashti
- Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Bureau of Family, Population, Youth and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrebanoo Daniali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nasr M, Pourmirzaei M, Esmaeil Motlagh M, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Mapping the relative risk of weight disorders in children and adolescents across provinces of Iran: the CASPIAN-V study. Health Promot Perspect 2020; 10:238-243. [PMID: 32802760 PMCID: PMC7420165 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2020.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to find possible spatial variation in children’s weight disorders and in predicting the spatial distribution. Methods: The study population of this ecological study consisted of 7-18-year-old students living in 30 provinces of Iran. We used Besag, York and Mollie (BYM) model, a Bayesian model, to study the relative risk (RR) of underweight and excess weight (overweight and obese). The model was fitted to data using OpenBUGS (3.2.1) software. Results: The highest RR of underweight was found in southeastern provinces. Whereas, the highest RR of excess weight was documented in northern, northwestern and capital provinces.Sistan-Balouchestan (RR=1.973; Bayesian confidence interval [BCI]: 1.682, 2.289), Hormozgan(RR=1.482; BCI: 1.239, 1.749), South Khorasan (RR=1.422; BCI: 1.18, 1.687) and Kerman(RR=1.413; BCI: 1.18, 1.669) had the highest RR of underweight. Mazandaran (RR=1.366; BCI:1.172,1.581), Gilan (RR=1.346; BCI: 1.15,1.562), Tehran (RR=1.271; BCI: 1.086,1.472) and Alborz (RR=1.268; BCI: 1.079,1.475) provinces are high risk regions for excess weight. Conclusion: The significant variations in geographical distribution of weight disorders are because of various sociodemographic and ethnic differences. The current findings should be considered in health policy making in different regions of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nasr
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Pourmirzaei
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Azizi-Soleiman F, Khoshhali M, Heidari-Beni M, Qorbani M, Ali Pourmirzaei M, Kelishadi R. Higher dietary phytochemical index is associated with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: the weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:531-538. [PMID: 32469292 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the association of total dietary phytochemical intake with generalized and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Material and methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in 4296 students aged 6-18 years. Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) was calculated as a percentage of daily energy derived from phytochemical-rich foods divided by total daily energy intake. Results: The mean ± standard error of DPIs in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles were 12.70 ± 3.28, 20.36 ± 1.84, 27.52 ± 0.08 and 41.10 ± 0.26, respectively. Anthropometric measures including weight Z-score (-0.04 vs. 0.05, P = 0.023), body mass index (BMI) Z-score (-0.05 vs. 0.06, P = 0.013), waist circumference (WC) (65.80 cm vs. 66.95 cm P = 0.022), hip circumference (HC) (80.20 cm vs. 81.37 cm, P = 0.046), and neck circumference (NC) (30.06 cm vs. 30.45 cm, P = 0.031) were significantly lower among participants in the upper DPI quartile compared to those in the lower quartiles. In overweight and obese children, higher adjusted DPI scores had inverse correlation with BMI, WC, HC, wrist circumference, and NC (βs = -0.077, -0.10, -0.119, -0.01, and -0.032, respectively; P < 0.05). Comparison of the fourth quartile with the first quartile of DPI revealed beneficial effects of higher phytochemical intake on reducing the risk of obesity/overweight and abdominal obesity. However, these results were not statistically significant (P = 0.073). Conclusion: Higher DPI score was associated with lower risk of generalized and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. However, the results were not statistically significant. Consuming phytochemical-rich foods can be encouraged to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Pourmirzaei
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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da Rosa Santos L, de Araujo SS, Vieira EFDS, Estevam CDS, dos Santos JL, Wichi RB, Lima FB, Carvalho CRO, Aidar FJ, Marçal AC. Effects of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in School Adolescents. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E220. [PMID: 32384612 PMCID: PMC7279337 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The practice of physical exercise, especially resistance exercise, is important for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals. However, there are few studies on its effects on adolescent individuals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of applying a 12-week resistance training program on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Materials and Methods: Thus, 122 adolescents aged 13-16 years of both genders participated in the study from school in the city of Lagarto, Sergipe (SE), Brazil, divided into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Group undergoing resistance training (RTG). Blood collection and anthropometric measurements were performed before and after the 12-week resistance training program (RTP). Results: After 12 weeks of the RTP in the adolescents, there was a reduction in the triglyceride variables (9.55%, p = 0.0286), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) (5.42%, p = 0.0244), non-High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) (5.40%, p = 0.0019), blood glucose (6.71%, p = 0.0040), systolic blood pressure (10.13%, p < 0.0001), as well as an increase in the body weight variable (1.73%, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: It was concluded that a 12-week RTP can prevent and/or alleviate the development of several chronic degenerative diseases in adulthood and that resistance training is important for maintaining the health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrany da Rosa Santos
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | - Silvan Silva de Araujo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação, do Esporte e da Cultura (SEED/SE), Aracaju 49075-470, Brazil
| | - Erlânyo Francisco dos Santos Vieira
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | | | - Jymmys Lopes dos Santos
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | - Rogério Brandão Wichi
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I (ICB I), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (F.B.L.); (C.R.O.C.)
| | - Carla Roberta Oliveira Carvalho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I (ICB I), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (F.B.L.); (C.R.O.C.)
| | - Felipe José Aidar
- Physical Education Department and Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports―GEPEPS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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Mehri A, Jafari N, Akbarzadeh I, Hadavand Siri F, Abbassgholizadeh N. Students' Nutrition Literacy and the Existence of Health Care Providers in Iranian Schools. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00476. [PMID: 32814699 PMCID: PMC7585749 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between Students' nutrition literacy and the existence of health care providers in Iranian schools.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This study was conducted on 504 students in Ardebil City, northwestern Iran from Oct 2017 to Jan 2018. The FLINT questionnaire was used to assessment the food and nutrition literacy. Socio-demographic characteristics and the existence of health care providers were collected using demographic questionnaire.
Results: Nearly 75% of students had not a health care provider. Most students had a low FNLIT (62% males and 58.1% females). The probability of low FNLIT was lower in students with health care providers than those without them (OR=0.46, CI 95%; 0.10, 0.91).
Conclusion: One of the reasons for the low nutritional literacy of students may be due to the lack of health care providers in schools. Health educational administrators employ specialized health care providers in Iranian schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mehri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Jafari
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Student Research Committee, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Isa Akbarzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hadavand Siri
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nategh Abbassgholizadeh
- Department of public health, School of Health, Ardebil University of medical sciences, Ardebil, Iran.
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Alamolhoda M, Heydari ST, Ayatollahi SMT, Tabrizi R, Akbari M, Ardalan A. A multivariate multilevel analysis of the risk factors associated with anthropometric indices in Iranian mid-adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:191. [PMID: 32359351 PMCID: PMC7195711 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to jointly assess some specific factors related to body fat measures using a multivariate multilevel analysis in a representative sample of Iranian mid-adolescents. METHODS This study was conducted among 2538 students (1286 boys) aged 14-20 years old, who were randomly selected among 16 public high schools by multi-stage random sampling procedure from all education districts of Shiraz, Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, family history of obesity, physical activity, socio-economic (SES) variables and screen time were collected. Height, weight, triceps (TST), abdominal (AST), and subscapular (SST) skinfold thickness were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A multivariate multilevel approach was used to analyze the factors associated with obesity measures of the TST, AST, SST at the child and district levels. RESULTS In this study, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated to be 10.2 and 5.1%, respectively. Overall, the major portion of the total variance in TST (97.1%), AST (97.7%), and SST (97.5%) was found at the child level. The results of multivariate multilevel method revealed that being girls, having a family history of obesity, and SES were significantly associated with increasing of three body fat measures (all the p-values were less than 0.05). There were significant positive associations between moderate to vigorous physical activities with AST and SST (for AST: β =2.54, SE = 1.40, p = 0.05; for SST: β =2.24, SE = 1.20, p = 0.05). Compared to children in 14-16 age group, children in age group 16-18 years had less TST (β = - 0.67, SE = 0.34, p = 0.04). Furthermore, other age groups and screen time did not play an important role in three outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS The results showed some factors that contribute to three body fat measures. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective interventions to prevent the effects of individual and environmental undesirable factors on childhood obesity in both family and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Alamolhoda
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Ardalan
- Department of Mathematics, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
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Sarokhani D, Sarokhani M, Hasanpour Dehkordi A, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Fakhri M. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:453-468. [PMID: 32126015 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and overweight are among the most common and serious health issues in many countries, leading to numerous medical consequences such as heart disease, hypertension, fatty liver etc. This review article addressed the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students by using meta-analysis. Methods A number of domestic and international databases were searched, including IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Scopus, PubMed, IranDoc, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible publications were 160 articles that addressed the prevalence of obesity or overweight. Data were combined using random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by Q statistics and the I2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.1. Results In the 160 reviewed studies, a total of 481,070 individuals (6-20 years) were included. The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students based on body mass index (BMI) was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10%-12%) (in girls 8% [95% CI: 7%-10%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 10%-13%]). The prevalence of overweight in students based on BMI was 12% (95% CI: 12%-13%) (in girls 13% [95% CI: 11%-14%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 18%-30%]). The rate of obesity was 13% (95% CI: 11%-16%) in elementary school students, 10% (95% CI: 7%-14%) in secondary school students and 7% (95% CI: 6%-9%) in high school students. Conclusions The prevalence rate of overweight was more than that of obesity with a 1% difference. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while the prevalence of overweight was higher in girls. The prevalence of obesity was higher in primary school students than in secondary school students. This prevalence was higher in secondary school students than in high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mandana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of allied medical sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Moloud Fakhri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS), Beijing, China
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Barzin M, Khalaj A, Tasdighi E, Samiei Nasr D, Mahdavi M, Banihashem S, Valizadeh M. Sleeve gastrectomy vs gastric bypass in improvement of depressive symptoms following one year from bariatric surgery, Tehran Obesity Treatment Study (TOTS). Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:73-79. [PMID: 31924542 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) has been frequently employed as a measure of depression in studies of obesity, with the majority of studies reporting an improvement in scores following weight loss after bariatric surgery. However, the effects of different bariatric techniques on depression score improvement is uncertain. METHOD The study included 685 obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) (n = 443) or gastric bypass (GB) (n = 242) and completed BDIs at baseline and 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Mean age of the patients was 38.7 ± 10.9 (84.8% female), and mean body mass index (BMI) was 45.1 ± 6.0 kg/m2. One year after surgery, excess weight loss (EWL %) in the GB group was more than the SG group (65.4% vs 62.8% P = 0.02). At baseline, 29.9% of patients had BDI scores in the normal range (0-9), and respectively 32.4 %, 28.3 % and 9.3 % had mild (10-18), moderate (19-29) and sever (+30) depression score; these corresponding values after 1 year were 60.6, 23.2, 11.8 and 4.4%. Overall, BDI scores fell in both surgery groups after 1 year, in the GB group it was 17.2 ± 10.5 vs 11.1 ± 9.6, and for the SG group 16.1 ± 10.2 vs 9.6 ± 8.9. However BDI score change (ΔBDI) was not significantly different between two surgery groups (-6.04 ± 10.6 vs -6.4 ± 9.5, P = 0.149). CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery had a beneficial effect on weight reduction and BDI score regardless of its type. Further studies with longer follow-up and more samples are needed to clarify the differences between bariatric procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erfan Tasdighi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Samiei Nasr
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedshahab Banihashem
- Taleghani Hospital Research Development Committee (Taleghani-HRDC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Karimy M, Armoon B, Fayazi N, Koohestani HR. A Study on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Iranian Mothers towards Childhood Obesity. Obes Facts 2019; 12:669-677. [PMID: 31842015 PMCID: PMC6940447 DOI: 10.1159/000492795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the recent decades, a dramatic increase in childhood obesity is one of the main public health problems. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of Iranian mothers towards childhood obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted on KAP of 432 mothers and their children aged 6-7 years (214 boys and 218 girls) who were referred to the Zarandieh health centers, Iran, in 2017. The participants were selected via multistage random sampling. Demographic and KAP data were obtained by self-report using standard questionnaires. The weight and height of the subjects were measured according to standard methods and body mass index was calculated. Data were analyzed by inferential statistics using SPSS18 software. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity (OB) was 11.5% in boys and 7% in girls. The mean score for attitude for mothers with normal-weight children was higher than for mothers with obese children. Food habits like consumption of breakfast, having fast food at least twice a week, and eating in front of TV were associated with OB. Physical activity habits like duration of TV watching/computer games/sleep and regular physical exercise were associated with OB. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the importance of educating Iranian mothers to change of lifestyle (eating and physical activity habits) and attitudes towards weight control in their children. Therefore, it seems that these results may be valuable in the development of educational programs and strategies for the prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Karimy
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran,
| | - Bahram Armoon
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Neda Fayazi
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Koohestani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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Kelishadi R, Hemati Z, Khoshhali M, Mohebpour F, Heidari-Beni M. Association between Mean Adequacy Ratio as diet quality index and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Hemati
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohebpour
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Eidkhani V, Parizadeh D, Hasheminia M, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Impaired fasting glucose prevalence surge among Iranian adolescents in a decade: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Pediatr Diabetes 2019; 20:1064-1071. [PMID: 31478584 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is associated with incident diabetes, cardiovascular risk, and markers of atherosclerosis in early adulthood. We aimed to explore the 10-year change in IFG prevalence among adolescent participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a population-based study from Iran. METHODS For our study, we used data on fasting plasma glucose (FPG), anthropometric, and demographic information of 11 to 19-year-old adolescents in study periods I (1999-2005; 1415 boys, 1583 girls) and II (2011-2014; 477 boys, 469 girls). Sex-adjusted and sex-stratified multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship of the study period (reference: study period I) with IFG. RESULTS The prevalence of IFG, general obesity, and central obesity increased from 7%, 13.3%, and 18.8% in study period I to 16.6%, 24%, and 37.4% in study period II; while a favorable trend was seen for blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In the fully adjusted model, being older (age group 15-19 vs 11-14 years) and female sex were associated with lower risk. Being overweight and obese increased the risk by risk ratios (confidence interval) of 1.57 (1.17-2.11) and 1.63 (1.15-2.30), respectively. Central adiposity did not remain as an independent risk factor. Nevertheless, study period persisted as a significant factor despite all adjustments [2.20 (1.81-2.68)]. Results in the sex-stratified models were generally the same. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the over 2-fold rise in IFG prevalence among adolescents was not solely dependent on general and central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Eidkhani
- Students Research Committee, Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donna Parizadeh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Hasheminia
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guo Y, Yin X, Wu H, Chai X, Yang X. Trends in Overweight and Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in China from 1991 to 2015: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4656. [PMID: 31766709 PMCID: PMC6926698 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis of overweight and obesity (ow/ob) among children and adolescents in China from 1991 to 2015 provides a reference for promoting the healthy development of children and adolescents. The studies were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and PubMed databases for the period from January 1991 to January 2018. The data were combined and analyzed, and the combined effect magnitude odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval were calculated. Publication bias was determined using Stata/SE12.0. We found that (1) the prevalence of ow/ob increased from 5.0% and 1.7% in 1991-1995 to 11.7% and 6.8% in 2011-2015, respectively, and the overweight rate was the greatest in 2006-2010; (2) from 1991 to 2015, the prevalence of ow/ob was greater in urban areas than in rural areas; (3) compared with girls, boys were more likely to be ow/ob; and (4) the prevalence rates of ow and ob were greater in infancy than in other growth stages, with values of 11.7% and 7.0%, respectively. The prevalence of ow/ob among Chinese children and adolescents showed significant differences based on region, sex, and age. An overall upward trend was observed that decreased slightly from 2011 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaojian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (X.C.)
- College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Huipan Wu
- Leisure Sports Department of Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China;
| | - Xiaojiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, College of Physical Education & Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Y.G.); (X.C.)
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Bagherniya M, Darani FM, Sharma M, Allipour-Birgani R, Taghipour A, Safarian M. Qualitative Study to Determine Stressors Influencing Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors of Overweight and Obese Adolescents in Iran. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:189. [PMID: 31807259 PMCID: PMC6852194 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_528_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity has become a global endemic public health problem. Emotional distress has been proposed to be a strong mediator of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among youth. The aim of this study was to explore the sources and role of stress on developing unhealthy lifestyle practices pertaining to diet and physical activity among overweight and obese adolescents. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2016-2017 in two large cities of Iran, Mashhad and Isfahan. Fifty-two overweight and obese adolescents were selected through purposeful sampling. In-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to obtain perceptions and experiences regarding underlying factors of obesity and the sources and role of stress in inducing unhealthy lifestyle. Ten parents were also interviewed. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis with MAXQDA software. Study rigor was verified using criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba. Results After analyzing the data, two main categories which triggered emotional overeating and physical inactivity among adolescents were: "school originated stress" and "family originated stress." Three subcategories of school originated stress were "Too much homework," "Frequent exams" and "Priority for studying at both school and home" and family originated stress subcategories were "Parental destructive conflicts," "Divorce" and "Socio-familial issues.". Conclusions Our findings highlighted the sources and role of stress in emerging unhealthy lifestyle practices including emotional overeating and physical inactivity among adolescents which could lead to weight gain. Therefore, to improve lifestyle behaviors of students and prevent childhood obesity, addressing school, and family stressors is a crucial subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Mostafavi Darani
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan university of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Department of Behavioral and Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Ramesh Allipour-Birgani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Emamian MH, Hashemi H, Fotouhi A. Obesity and underweight: Serious health problems in Iranian primary school children. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:1030-1035. [PMID: 31325396 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is increasing around the world. Compared with developed countries, the rate of increase is 30% higher in developing countries, where the monitoring of obesity and overweight is essential. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity, overweight, thinness, and stunting in primary school students in Shahroud, Iran. METHODS A total of 5,620 primary students were enrolled during 2015. In rural areas all students were invited to participate, while cluster sampling was used in urban areas and 200 classrooms were selected randomly as clusters. Height, weight and body mass index Z-scores for age (HAZ, WAZ and BAZ) were calculated based on World Health Organization standard. The mean indices and prevalence of obesity, overweight, thinness, and stunting were calculated by education level, gender, and place of residence. Prevalence of obesity and overweight was estimated also by international obesity task force definition. RESULTS The mean WAZ, HAZ, and BAZ were 0.050 ± 1.25, 0.005 ± 0.98, and 0.076 ± 1.35, respectively. These indices in rural areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas (P < 0.001). Overall, 25.7% of children in urban areas (95%CI: 24.1-27.4) and 14.8% in rural areas (95%CI: 12.3-17.3) were overweight or obese, and 5.1% of rural girls (95%CI: 3.1-7.0) were stunted. CONCLUSIONS Compared with previous studies, obesity and overweight are still rising in Iranian school children, thus more serious interventions are needed. These interventions must also deal with underweight and stunting, particularly in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rey-Lopez JP, Hashem R, Hamer M, Mcmunn A, Whincup PH, Owen CG, Stamatakis E. Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associations with socioeconomic indicators: the study of health and activity among adolescents in Kuwait. Minerva Pediatr 2019; 71:326-332. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.18.04911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Saraf-Bank S, Ahmadi A, Paknahad Z, Maracy M, Nourian M. Effects of curcumin supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress among healthy overweight and obese girl adolescents: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2015-2022. [PMID: 31206225 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is well known that there is a strong linkage between obesity, systemic low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in the pediatric population. Possible strategies that might control obesity and its relevant problems in this crucial group are of utmost importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplements on inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemerin levels in adolescent girls. METHODS Totally, 60 overweight and obese adolescent girls were randomly assigned to either placebo or intervention group in a randomized placebo-controlled parallel trial design. Adolescents consumed one 500-mg curcumin or placebo per day along with a slight weight loss diet for 10 weeks. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), chemerin levels, and anthropometric measurements were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial. RESULTS Curcumin supplementation had a significant effect on IL-6 levels and oxidative stress markers including TAC and MDA in crude model. After controlling the effects of confounders, curcumin supplementation had a substantial effect on inflammation (hs-CRP and IL-6) and oxidative stress (TAC) marker of adolescents. DISCUSSION Ten weeks of curcumin supplementation had beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress markers among postpubescent overweight and obese girl adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Saraf-Bank
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zamzam Paknahad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Maracy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Nourian
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Iran: a concentration index decomposition analysis. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2179-2188. [PMID: 31199208 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to assess and decompose the socio-economic inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students in Kerman, Iran. DESIGN The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study. Principal component analysis was done to measure the socio-economic status (SES) of the adolescents' families and the normalized concentration index (NCI) was used to measure the inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption among adolescent students of different SES. The contributions of environmental and individual explanatory variables to inequality were assessed by decomposing the concentration index. SETTING Forty secondary schools of Kerman Province in Iran in 2015. PARTICIPANTS Eighth-grade adolescent students (n 1320). RESULTS The data of 1242 adolescent students were completed for the current study. Unhealthy snacks consumption was unequally distributed among adolescent students and was concentrated mainly among the high-SES adolescents (NCI = 0·179; 95 % CI 0·056, 0·119). The decomposition showed that higher SES (62 %) and receiving pocket money allowance (31 %), as environmental variables, had the highest positive contributions to the measured inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption. Taste and sensory perception (7 %) as well as cost sensitivity (5 %), as individual variables, followed them in terms of their contribution importance. CONCLUSIONS It is highly suggested that both environmental and individual factors should be addressed at different settings including schools, families and suppliers of unhealthy snacks. These findings can help future health promotion strategies in Iran to tackle the observed inequality in unhealthy snacks consumption.
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50
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Kelishadi R, Heidari-Beni M, Esmaeil-Motlagh M, Pourmasoumi M, Malekshah AFT, Qorbani M. Association of nutrient patterns with anthropometric indices in children and adolescents: The weight disorders survey of the CASPIAN-IV study. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Makan Pourmasoumi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GLDRC), Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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