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Lee KI, Fang KM, Kuo CY, Huang CF, Liu SH, Liu JM, Lai WC, Chang KC, Su CC, Chen YW. Roles of oxidative stress/JNK/ERK signals in paraquat-triggered hepatic apoptosis. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100155. [PMID: 38379848 PMCID: PMC10877118 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a toxic and nonselective bipyridyl herbicide, is one of the most extensively used pesticides in agricultural countries. In addition to pneumotoxicity, the liver is an important target organ for PQ poisoning in humans. However, the mechanism of PQ in hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we found that exposure of rat hepatic H4IIE cells to PQ (0.1-2 mM) induced significant cytotoxicity and apoptosis, which was accompanied by mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytosolic cytochrome c release, and changes in the Bcl-2/Bax mRNA ratio. Moreover, PQ (0.5 mM) exposure markedly induced JNK and ERK1/2 activation, but not p38-MAPK. Blockade of JNK and ERK1/2 signaling by pretreatment with the specific pharmacological inhibitors SP600125 and PD98059, respectively, effectively prevented PQ-induced cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic events. Additionally, PQ exposure stimulated significant oxidative stress-related signals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion, which could be reversed by the antioxidant N-Acetylcysteine (NAC). Buffering the oxidative stress response with NAC also effectively abrogated PQ-induced hepatotoxicity, MMP loss, apoptosis, and phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 protein, however, the JNK or ERK inhibitors did not suppress ROS generation in PQ-treated cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PQ exposure induces hepatic cell toxicity and death via an oxidative stress-dependent JNK/ERK activation-mediated downstream mitochondria-regulated apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Kuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lai
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Peng H, Zhao D, Tang W, Peng A. Dienediamine: A safe surrogate for the herbicide paraquat. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1962-1975. [PMID: 37924209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has been used as an herbicide worldwide because of its potent activity against weeds. However, it is highly toxic to humans. The very high fatality of PQ poisoning is due to its inherent toxicity and the lack of any effective treatment. Consequently, developing a non-toxic herbicide with comparable efficacy to PQ will contribute to global food security and help prevent PQ-related fatalities. Herein, we report a new herbicide called dienediamine, which was discovered from how to intervene the redox cycle of PQ, an inherent toxicity nature. Dienediamine, the "reduced" form of PQ with no function as an electron transfer agent, was shown to be non-toxic through comprehensive in vivo and in vitro experiments at molar concentrations equivalent to PQ's absolute lethal dose. Remarkably, dienediamine can undergo conversion to PQ under natural sunlight and ambient air conditions, exhibiting herbicidal activities that are comparable to those of PQ. The conversion of dienediamine to PQ, which is toxic to chloroplasts, is the key mechanism underlying its potent herbicidal activity. Our study discovers that dienediamine is a safe and superior alternative to PQ, possessing significant potential for application in sustainable agriculture globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dake Zhao
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology & Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No.301 Yanchangzhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Moustaka J, Moustakas M. Early-Stage Detection of Biotic and Abiotic Stress on Plants by Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:796. [PMID: 37622882 PMCID: PMC10452221 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Most agricultural land, as a result of climate change, experiences severe stress that significantly reduces agricultural yields. Crop sensing by imaging techniques allows early-stage detection of biotic or abiotic stress to avoid damage and significant yield losses. Among the top certified imaging techniques for plant stress detection is chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging, which can evaluate spatiotemporal leaf changes, permitting the pre-symptomatic monitoring of plant physiological status long before any visible symptoms develop, allowing for high-throughput assessment. Here, we review different examples of how chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging analysis can be used to evaluate biotic and abiotic stress. Chlorophyll a is able to detect biotic stress as early as 15 min after Spodoptera exigua feeding, or 30 min after Botrytis cinerea application on tomato plants, or on the onset of water-deficit stress, and thus has potential for early stress detection. Chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) analysis is a rapid, non-invasive, easy to perform, low-cost, and highly sensitive method that can estimate photosynthetic performance and detect the influence of diverse stresses on plants. In terms of ChlF parameters, the fraction of open photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers (qp) can be used for early stress detection, since it has been found in many recent studies to be the most accurate and appropriate indicator for ChlF-based screening of the impact of environmental stress on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Mahmoudi Z, Kalantar H, Mansouri E, Mohammadi E, Khodayar MJ. Dimethyl fumarate attenuates paraquat-induced pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in mice. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 190:105336. [PMID: 36740344 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is the most important cationic bipyridyl herbicide in the agricultural industry, which is very toxic to humans and animals and causes disruption in many organs, mainly in the lungs. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an immune-modulating drug used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects. In this study, the ameliorative effects of DMF (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, orally) on PQ (30 mg/kg) model of lung damage were evaluated in male mice. DMF was given daily for 7 days and PQ was administrated in the fourth day in a single dose. On the eighth day, the animals were sacrificed, and their lung tissue were removed. The results indicated that DMF can ameliorate PQ-induced the significant increase in lung index, hydroxyproline, as well as TBARS, TGF-β, NF-κB and decrease in the amount of total thiol, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, Nrf-2, and INF-γ. The histopathological results confirmed indicated findings. The results showed that the protective effect of DMF on PQ-induced toxicity is mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoudi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Kalantar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centerx, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Mohammadi
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Moustakas M, Sperdouli I, Moustaka J, Şaş B, İşgören S, Morales F. Mechanistic Insights on Salicylic Acid Mediated Enhancement of Photosystem II Function in Oregano Seedlings Subjected to Moderate Drought Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12030518. [PMID: 36771603 PMCID: PMC9919124 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dramatic climate change has led to an increase in the intensity and frequency of drought episodes and, together with the high light conditions of the Mediterranean area, detrimentally influences crop production. Salicylic acid (SA) has been shown to supress phototoxicity, offering photosystem II (PSII) photoprotection. In the current study, we attempted to reveal the mechanism by which SA is improving PSII efficiency in oregano seedlings under moderate drought stress (MoDS). Foliar application of SA decreased chlorophyll content under normal growth conditions, but under MoDS increased chlorophyll content, compared to H2O-sprayed oregano seedlings. SA improved the PSII efficiency of oregano seedlings under normal growth conditions at high light (HL), and under MoDS, at both low light (LL) and HL. The mechanism by which, under normal growth conditions and HL, SA sprayed oregano seedlings compared to H2O-sprayed exhibited a more efficient PSII photochemistry, was the increased (17%) fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp), and the increased (7%) efficiency of these open reaction centers (Fv'/Fm'), which resulted in an enhanced (24%) electron transport rate (ETR). SA application under MoDS, by modulating chlorophyll content, resulted in optimized antenna size and enhanced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) under both LL (7%) and HL (25%), compared to non-SA-sprayed oregano seedlings. This increased effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) was due to the enhanced efficiency of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), and the increased fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp), which resulted in an increased electron transport rate (ETR) and a lower amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) production with less excess excitation energy (EXC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation–Demeter (ELGO-Demeter), 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Begüm Şaş
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sumrunaz İşgören
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Navarra, Spain
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Reactive Oxygen Species Initiate Defence Responses of Potato Photosystem II to Sap-Sucking Insect Feeding. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13050409. [PMID: 35621745 PMCID: PMC9147889 DOI: 10.3390/insects13050409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Potato is one of the most universally cultivated horticultural crops and is vulnerable to a range of herbivorous insects. One of them is the brown marmorated stink bug, an invasive polyphagous sap-sucking agricultural insect pest that penetrates the phloem to sieve elements and removes sap via a specialized mouthpart, the stylet. By using the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging methodology, we examined potato photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry responses in the area of feeding on the whole leaf area. Highly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was observed as rapidly as 3 min after feeding to initiate defence responses and can be considered the primary plant defence response mechanism against herbivores. Our experimental results confirmed that chlorophyll fluorescence imaging methodology can detect spatial heterogeneity of PSII efficiency at the whole leaf surface and is a promising tool for investigating plant response mechanisms of sap-sucking insect herbivores. We suggest that PSII responses to insect feeding underlie ROS-dependent signalling. We conclude that the potato PSII response mechanism to sap-sucking insect herbivores is described by the induction of the defence response to reduce herbivory damage, instead of induction of tolerance, through a compensatory photosynthetic response mechanism that is observed after chewing insect feeding. Abstract Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., one of the most commonly cultivated horticultural crops throughout the world, is susceptible to a variety of herbivory insects. In the present study, we evaluated the consequence of feeding by the sap-sucking insect Halyomorpha halys on potato leaf photosynthetic efficiency. By using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging methodology, we examined photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in terms of feeding and at the whole leaf area. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in potato’s defence response mechanism immediately after feeding was also assessed. Even 3 min after feeding, increased ROS generation was observed to diffuse through the leaf central vein, probably to act as a long-distance signalling molecule. The proportion of absorbed energy being used in photochemistry (ΦPSII) at the whole leaf level, after 20 min of feeding, was reduced by 8% compared to before feeding due to the decreased number of open PSII reaction centres (qp). After 90 min of feeding, ΦPSII decreased by 46% at the whole leaf level. Meanwhile, at the feeding zones, which were located mainly in the proximity of the leaf midrib, ΦPSII was lower than 85%, with a concurrent increase in singlet-excited oxygen (1O2) generation, which is considered to be harmful. However, the photoprotective mechanism (ΦNPQ), which was highly induced 90 min after feeding, was efficient to compensate for the decrease in the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII). Therefore, the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), which represents 1O2 generation, remained unaffected at the whole leaf level. We suggest that the potato PSII response to sap-sucking insect feeding underlies the ROS-dependent signalling that occurs immediately and initiates a photoprotective PSII defence response to reduce herbivory damage. A controlled ROS burst can be considered the primary plant defence response mechanism to herbivores.
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Sperdouli I, Adamakis IDS, Dobrikova A, Apostolova E, Hanć A, Moustakas M. Excess Zinc Supply Reduces Cadmium Uptake and Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity Effects on Chloroplast Structure, Oxidative Stress, and Photosystem II Photochemical Efficiency in Salvia sclarea Plants. TOXICS 2022; 10:36. [PMID: 35051078 PMCID: PMC8778245 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Salvia sclarea L. is a Cd2+ tolerant medicinal herb with antifungal and antimicrobial properties cultivated for its pharmacological properties. However, accumulation of high Cd2+ content in its tissues increases the adverse health effects of Cd2+ in humans. Therefore, there is a serious demand to lower human Cd2+ intake. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the mitigative role of excess Zn2+ supply to Cd2+ uptake/translocation and toxicity in clary sage. Salvia plants were treated with excess Cd2+ (100 μM CdSO4) alone, and in combination with Zn2+ (900 μM ZnSO4), in modified Hoagland nutrient solution. The results demonstrate that S. sclarea plants exposed to Cd2+ toxicity accumulated a significant amount of Cd2+ in their tissues, with higher concentrations in roots than in leaves. Cadmium exposure enhanced total Zn2+ uptake but also decreased its translocation to leaves. The accumulated Cd2+ led to a substantial decrease in photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and disrupted the chloroplast ultrastructure, which coincided with an increased lipid peroxidation. Zinc application decreased Cd2+ uptake and translocation to leaves, while it mitigated oxidative stress, restoring chloroplast ultrastructure. Excess Zn2+ ameliorated the adverse effects of Cd2+ on PSII photochemistry, increasing the fraction of energy used for photochemistry (ΦPSII) and restoring PSII redox state and maximum PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm), while decreasing excess excitation energy at PSII (EXC). We conclude that excess Zn2+ application eliminated the adverse effects of Cd2+ toxicity, reducing Cd2+ uptake and translocation and restoring chloroplast ultrastructure and PSII photochemical efficiency. Thus, excess Zn2+ application can be used as an important method for low Cd2+-accumulating crops, limiting Cd2+ entry into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization–Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Cüce M, Sezgin Muslu A. Sodium nitroprusside mediates attenuation of paraquat-mediated oxidative stress in Eruca sativa in vitro. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:289-299. [PMID: 35221584 PMCID: PMC8847503 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) causes oxidative stress, the main source of damage in plants subjected to adverse environmental factors. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a signaling molecule, alleviates oxidative damage. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of exogenous SNP in the amelioration of PQ-mediated oxidative stress effects on Eruca sativa plantlets cultured in MS basal media. Firstly, MS medium supplemented with 6-BA was found to be the best basal medium for seed germination. Then, a rapid micropropagation protocol was designed to produce E. sativa plantlets by using nodal segments as explants, and 0.25 mg/L 6-BA in combination with 0.1 mg/L IBA was found to be the most favorable for shoot proliferation of E. sativa. Four weeks old plants were applied with or without SNP (100 μM) and exposed to oxidative stress induced by 2.5 μM PQ. The SNP application decreased membrane damage, hydrogen peroxide, and proline contents, and increased relative water, pigments, ascorbate and total phenolic contents, and some antioxidant enzyme activities in seedlings under PQ stress compared to PQ stress alone. These results suggested that exogenous SNP could protect E. sativa plantlets propagated in vitro with PQ stress through modulation of proline and phenolics biosynthesis and antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Cüce
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Asiye Sezgin Muslu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
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Harnessing Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Phenotyping Analysis of Wild and Cultivated Tomato for High Photochemical Efficiency under Water Deficit for Climate Change Resilience. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9110154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations of the weather conditions, due to global climate change, greatly influence plant growth and development, eventually affecting crop yield and quality, but also plant survival. Since water shortage is one of the key risks for the future of agriculture, exploring the capability of crop species to grow with limited water is therefore fundamental. By using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, we evaluated the responses of wild tomato accession Solanum pennellii LA0716, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Μ82, the introgression line IL12-4 (from cv. M82 Χ LA0716), and the Greek tomato cultivars cv. Santorini and cv. Zakinthos, to moderate drought stress (MoDS) and severe drought stress (SDS), in order to identify the minimum irrigation level for efficient photosynthetic performance. Agronomic traits (plant height, number of leaves and root/shoot biomass), relative water content (RWC), and lipid peroxidation, were also measured. Under almost 50% deficit irrigation, S. pennellii exhibited an enhanced photosynthetic function by displaying a hormetic response of electron transport rate (ETR), due to an increased fraction of open reaction centers, it is suggested to be activated by the low increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A low increase of ROS is regarded to be beneficial by stimulating defense responses and also triggering a more oxidized redox state of quinone A (QA), corresponding in S. pennellii under 50% deficit irrigation, to the lowest stomatal opening, resulting in reduction of water loss. Solanumpennellii was the most tolerant to drought, as it was expected, and could manage to have an adequate photochemical function with almost 30% water regime of well-watered plants. With 50% deficit irrigation, cv. Μ82 and cv. Santorini did not show any difference in photochemical efficiency to control plants and are recommended to be cultivated under deficit irrigation as an effective strategy to enhance agricultural sustainability under a global climate change. We conclude that instead of the previously used Fv/Fm ratio, the redox state of QA, as it can be estimated by the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter 1 - qL, is a better indicator to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency and select drought tolerant cultivars under deficit irrigation.
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Leaf Age-Dependent Photosystem II Photochemistry and Oxidative Stress Responses to Drought Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Are Modulated by Flavonoid Accumulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144157. [PMID: 34299433 PMCID: PMC8307756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated flavonoid accumulation and lipid peroxidation in young leaves (YL) and mature leaves (ML) of Arabidopsis thaliana plants, whose watering stopped 24 h before sampling, characterized as onset of drought stress (OnDS), six days before sampling, characterized as mild drought stress (MiDS), and ten days before sampling, characterized as moderate drought stress (MoDS). The response to drought stress (DS) of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, in both leaf types, was evaluated by estimating the allocation of absorbed light to photochemistry (ΦPSII), to heat dissipation by regulated non-photochemical energy loss (ΦNPQ) and to non-regulated energy dissipated in PSII (ΦNO). Young leaves were better protected at MoDS than ML leaves, by having higher concentration of flavonoids that promote acclimation of YL PSII photochemistry to MoDS, showing lower lipid peroxidation and excitation pressure (1 - qp). Young leaves at MoDS possessed lower 1 - qp values and lower excess excitation energy (EXC), not only compared to MoDS ML, but even to MiDS YL. They also possessed a higher capacity to maintain low ΦNO, suggesting a lower singlet oxygen (1O2) generation. Our results highlight that leaves of different developmental stage may display different responses to DS, due to differential accumulation of metabolites, and imply that PSII photochemistry in Arabidopsis thaliana may not show a dose dependent DS response.
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Changes in Light Energy Utilization in Photosystem II and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Potato Leaves by the Pinworm Tuta absoluta. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102984. [PMID: 34069787 PMCID: PMC8157303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated photosystem II (PSII) functionality in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) before and after a 15 min feeding by the leaf miner Tuta absoluta using chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging analysis combined with reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. Fifteen minutes after feeding, we observed at the feeding zone and at the whole leaf a decrease in the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (ΦPSII). While at the feeding zone the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII (ΦNPQ) did not change, at the whole leaf level there was a significant increase. As a result, at the feeding zone a significant increase in the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) occurred, but there was no change at the whole leaf level compared to that before feeding, indicating no change in singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. The decreased ΦPSII after feeding was due to a decreased fraction of open reaction centers (qp), since the efficiency of open PSII reaction centers to utilize the light energy (Fv′/Fm′) did not differ before and after feeding. The decreased fraction of open reaction centers resulted in increased excess excitation energy (EXC) at the feeding zone and at the whole leaf level, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was detected only at the feeding zone. Although the whole leaf PSII efficiency decreased compared to that before feeding, the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), and the efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII (Fv/Fo), did not differ to that before feeding, thus they cannot be considered as sensitive parameters to monitor biotic stress effects. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis proved to be a good indicator to monitor even short-term impacts of insect herbivory on photosynthetic function, and among the studied parameters, the reduction status of the plastoquinone pool (qp) was the most sensitive and suitable indicator to probe photosynthetic function under biotic stress.
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Adamakis IDS, Malea P, Sperdouli I, Panteris E, Kokkinidi D, Moustakas M. Evaluation of the spatiotemporal effects of bisphenol A on the leaves of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124001. [PMID: 33059254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The organic pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) causes adverse effects on aquatic biota. The present study explored the toxicity mechanism of environmentally occurring BPA concentrations (0.03-3 μg L-1) on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa intermediate leaf photosynthetic machinery. A "mosaic" type BPA effect pattern was observed, with "unaffected" and "affected"" leaf areas. In negatively affected leaf areas cells had a dark appearance and lost their chlorophyll auto-fluorescence, while hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content increased time-dependently. In the "unaffected" leaf areas, cells exhibited increased phenolic compound production. At 1 μg L-1 of BPA exposure, there was no effect on the fraction of open reaction centers (qP) compared to control and also no significant effect on the quantum yield of non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII (ΦΝΟ). However, a 3 μg L-1 BPA application resulted in a significant ΦΝΟ increase, even from the first exposure day. Ultrastructural observations revealed electronically dense damaged thylakoids in the plastids, while effects on Golgi dictyosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum were also observed at 3 μg L-1 BPA. The up-regulated H2O2 BPA-derived production seems to be a key factor causing both oxidative damages but probably also triggering retrograde signalling, conferring tolerance to BPA in the "unaffected" leaf areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Danae Kokkinidi
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Hanć A, Dobrikova A, Apostolova E, Moustakas M. Rapid Hormetic Responses of Photosystem II Photochemistry of Clary Sage to Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E41. [PMID: 33375193 PMCID: PMC7793146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-day exposure of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) to 100 μM cadmium (Cd) in hydroponics was sufficient to increase Cd concentrations significantly in roots and aboveground parts and affect negatively whole plant levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), since Cd competes for Ca channels, while reduced Mg concentrations are associated with increased Cd tolerance. Total zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) uptake increased but their translocation to the aboveground parts decreased. Despite the substantial levels of Cd in leaves, without any observed defects on chloroplast ultrastructure, an enhanced photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was observed, with a higher fraction of absorbed light energy to be directed to photochemistry (ΦPSΙΙ). The concomitant increase in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of photosynthesis (NPQ) resulted in an important decrease in the dissipated non-regulated energy (ΦNO), modifying the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through a decreased singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. A basal ROS level was detected in control plant leaves for optimal growth, while a low increased level of ROS under 5 days Cd exposure seemed to be beneficial for triggering defense responses, and a high level of ROS out of the boundaries (8 days Cd exposure), was harmful to plants. Thus, when clary sage was exposed to Cd for a short period, tolerance mechanisms were triggered. However, exposure to a combination of Cd and high light or to Cd alone (8 days) resulted in an inhibition of PSII functionality, indicating Cd toxicity. Thus, the rapid activation of PSII functionality at short time exposure and the inhibition at longer duration suggests a hormetic response and describes these effects in terms of "adaptive response" and "toxicity", respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Moustakas M, Bayçu G, Sperdouli I, Eroğlu H, Eleftheriou EP. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Enhances Photosynthesis in the Medicinal Herb Salvia fruticosa by Improving Photosystem II Photochemistry. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080962. [PMID: 32751534 PMCID: PMC7463761 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of Salvia fruticosa colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis on photosynthetic function by using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis to evaluate the light energy use in photosystem II (PSII) of inoculated and non-inoculated plants. We observed that inoculated plants used significantly higher absorbed energy in photochemistry (ΦPSII) than non-inoculated and exhibited significant lower excess excitation energy (EXC). However, the increased ΦPSII in inoculated plants did not result in a reduced non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO), suggesting the same singlet oxygen (1O2) formation between inoculated and non-inoculated plants. The increased ΦPSII in inoculated plants was due to an increased efficiency of open PSII centers to utilize the absorbed light (Fv'/Fm') due to a decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) since there was no difference in the fraction of open reaction centers (qp). The decreased NPQ in inoculated plants resulted in an increased electron-transport rate (ETR) compared to non-inoculated. Yet, inoculated plants exhibited a higher efficiency of the water-splitting complex on the donor side of PSII as revealed by the increased Fv/Fo ratio. A spatial heterogeneity between the leaf tip and the leaf base for the parameters ΦPSII and ΦNPQ was observed in both inoculated and non-inoculated plants, reflecting different developmental zones. Overall, our findings suggest that the increased ETR of inoculated S. fruticosa contributes to increased photosynthetic performance, providing growth advantages to inoculated plants by increasing their aboveground biomass, mainly by increasing leaf biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.B.); (H.E.)
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.P.E.)
| | - Gülriz Bayçu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.B.); (H.E.)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Hilal Eroğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey; (G.B.); (H.E.)
- Biology Division, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eleftherios P. Eleftheriou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (E.P.E.)
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Mylona Z, Panteris E, Moustakas M, Kevrekidis T, Malea P. Physiological, structural and ultrastructural impacts of silver nanoparticles on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126066. [PMID: 32050317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an emerging contaminant, currently considered to be a significant potential risk to the coastal environment. To further test potential risk, and to determine effect concentrations and sensitive response parameters, toxic effects of environmentally relevant AgNP concentrations on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa were evaluated. Alterations of the cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, ultrastructure, photosystem II function, oxidative stress markers, cell viability, and leaf, rhizome and root elongation in C. nodosa exposed to AgNP concentrations (0.0002-0.2 mg L-1) under laboratory conditions for 8 days were examined. An increase in H2O2 level, indicating oxidative stress, occurred after the 4th day even at 0.0002 mg L-1. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity, potentially contributing to H2O2 level decline at the end of the experiment, and reduced protein content were also observed. Actin filaments started to diminish on the 6th day at 0.02 mg L-1; microtubule, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast and mitochondrion disturbance appeared after 8 days at 0.02 mg L-1, while toxic effects were generally more acute at 0.2 mg L-1. A dose-dependent leaf elongation inhibition was also observed; as for juvenile leaves, toxicity index increased from 2.8 to 40.7% with concentration. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) overproduction and actin filament disruption appeared to be the most sensitive response parameters, and thus could be utilized as early warning indicators of risk to seagrass meadows. A risk quotient of 1.33 was calculated, confirming previous findings, that AgNPs may pose a significant risk to the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Mylona
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Environmental Research and Education, Democritus University of Thrace, Nea Hili, GR-68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Malea P, Kokkinidi D, Kevrekidou A, Adamakis IDS. Environmentally relevant bisphenol A concentrations effects on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa different parts elongation: perceptive assessors of toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7267-7279. [PMID: 31879884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07443-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity data on bisphenol A (BPA) effects on aquatic macrophytes remain scarce. Therefore, environmentally relevant BPA concentrations (0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 3 μg L-1) were tested on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa different parts length increase. All plant parts, at low BPA concentrations (0.03-0.3 μg L-1), elongated equally to the control, while their lengthening and elongation rates gradually decreased by increasing BPA concentrations. A gradual increase of "Toxicity index" with increasing BPA concentrations was observed but was lower for juvenile blades and higher for plagiotropic rhizomes and adult leaves. In all parts, the LOECs were 0.3 and the NOECs 0.1 μg L-1 at 10th day. Juvenile blades displayed, under acute stress, lengthening inhibition at lower concentrations than the rhizomes and adult blades, but at a lower extent. The EC50 values were lower for the rhizome internodes, followed by the adult blades and higher for the juvenile blades. Using as a biological "endpoint" the elongation, all C. nodosa parts and specifically the rhizomes and adult blades, followed by intermediate blades, adult sheaths, and juvenile blades, seemed to be sensitive BPA toxicity assessors. The evaluation of the relative sensitivity of the different parts to BPA toxicity could help identify the most suitable seagrass part for early diagnosis of the risk posed by BPA to seagrass meadows and could constitute a valuable tool to derive the seawater quality criteria and to be used in BPA monitoring programs for rational management of the coastal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Danae Kokkinidi
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alkistis Kevrekidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Patra, Greece
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Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Eleftheriou EP, Moustakas M. Hydrogen Peroxide Production by the Spot-Like Mode Action of Bisphenol A. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1196. [PMID: 32849741 PMCID: PMC7419983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an intermediate chemical used for synthesizing polycarbonate plastics, has now become a wide spread organic pollutant. It percolates from a variety of sources, and plants are among the first organisms to encounter, absorb, and metabolize it, while its toxic effects are not yet fully known. Therefore, we experimentally studied the effects of aqueous BPA solutions (50 and 100 mg L-1, for 6, 12, and 24 h) on photosystem II (PSII) functionality and evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on detached leaves of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis revealed a spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the quantum yields of light energy partitioning at PSII in Arabidopsis leaves exposed to BPA. Under low light PSII function was negatively influenced only at the spot-affected BPA zone in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while at the whole leaf only the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was negatively affected. However, under high light all PSII photosynthetic parameters measured were negatively affected by BPA application, in a time-dependent manner. The affected leaf areas by the spot-like mode of BPA action showed reduced chlorophyll autofluorescence and increased accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). When H2O2 was scavenged via N-acetylcysteine under BPA exposure, PSII functionality was suspended, while H2O2 scavenging under non-stress had more detrimental effects on PSII function than BPA alone. It can be concluded that the necrotic death-like spots under BPA exposure could be due to ROS accumulation, but also H2O2 generation seems to play a role in the leaf response against BPA-related stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis, ; Michael Moustakas,
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- *Correspondence: Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis, ; Michael Moustakas,
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Sperdouli I, Moustaka J, Antonoglou O, Adamakis IDS, Dendrinou-Samara C, Moustakas M. Leaf Age-Dependent Effects of Foliar-Sprayed CuZn Nanoparticles on Photosynthetic Efficiency and ROS Generation in Arabidopsis thaliana. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2498. [PMID: 31390827 PMCID: PMC6695995 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana were exposed by foliar spray to 30 mg L-1 of CuZn nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were synthesized by a microwave-assisted polyol process and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). CuZn NPs effects in Arabidopsis leaves were evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis that revealed spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSΙΙ) and the redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool (qp), measured 30 min, 90 min, 180 min, and 240 min after spraying. Photosystem II (PSII) function in young leaves was observed to be negatively influenced, especially 30 min after spraying, at which point increased H2O2 generation was correlated to the lower oxidized state of the PQ pool.. Recovery of young leaves photosynthetic efficiency appeared only after 240 min of NPs spray when also the level of ROS accumulation was similar to control leaves. On the contrary, a beneficial effect on PSII function in mature leaves after 30 min of the CuZn NPs spray was observed, with increased ΦPSΙΙ, an increased electron transport rate (ETR), decreased singlet oxygen (1O2) formation, and H2O2 production at the same level of control leaves.An explanation for this differential response is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis-Dimosthenis S Adamakis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Varga M, Horvatić J, Žurga P, Brusić I, Moslavac M. Phytotoxicity assessment of isoproturon on growth and physiology of non-targeted aquatic plant Lemna minor L. - A comparison of continuous and pulsed exposure with equivalent time-averaged concentrations. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105225. [PMID: 31220755 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenylurea herbicides are often present in the aquatic ecosystems and may be accumulated by the non-targeted organisms and impose a negative effect on the organism and the community. This study aims to investigate and compare the effects of two different isoproturon (IPU) pulse exposure scenarios on the non-targeted aquatic plant Lemna minor with effects observed in the standard test with continuous exposure. The obtained results showed that continuous IPU treatment causes significant reduction of photosynthetic pigment concentration and proteins as well as inhibition of L. minor growth. The activities of CAT, G-POX, and APX were significantly induced to diminish the accumulation of ROS under IPU treatment, but the induction of antioxidant enzymes was not sufficient to protect the plants from herbicide-induced oxidative stress. The growth of L. minor under pulse exposure to IPU recovers fast, but pulse treatment results in significant physiological changes in treated plants. The accumulation of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation products, alongside the reduced concentration of proteins and photosynthetic pigments in pulse treatment after a recovery period, indicates that IPU causes prolonged oxidative stress in L. minor plants. The recovery potential of L. minor plants after treatment with herbicides may have an important role in maintaining the population of essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, but IPU-induced physiological changes could potentially have a significant role in modulating the response of the plants to the next exposure event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Varga
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Janja Horvatić
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Paula Žurga
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Iva Brusić
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of Primorsko-goranska County, Krešimirova 52, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Moslavac
- University of Osijek, Department of Biology, Ulica cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Malea P, Charitonidou K, Sperdouli I, Mylona Z, Moustakas M. Zinc Uptake, Photosynthetic Efficiency and Oxidative Stress in the Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa Exposed to ZnO Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132101. [PMID: 31261885 PMCID: PMC6651621 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We characterized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while we evaluated photosystem II (PSII) responses, Zn uptake kinetics, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, in C. nodosa exposed to 5 mg L−1 and 10 mg L−1 ZnO NPs for 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Four h after exposure to 10 mg L−1 ZnO NPs, we noticed a disturbance of PSII functioning that became more severe after 12 h. However, after a 24 h exposure to 10 mg L−1 ZnO NPs, we observed a hormetic response, with both time and dose as the basal stress levels needed for induction of the adaptive response. This was achieved through the reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool, at a 12 h exposure, which mediated the generation of chloroplastic H2O2; acting as a fast acclimation signaling molecule. Nevertheless, longer treatment (48 h and 72 h) resulted in decreasing the photoprotective mechanism to dissipate excess energy as heat (NPQ) and increasing the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss (ΦNO). This increased the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), and decreased the fraction of open reaction centers, mostly after a 72-h exposure at 10 mg L−1 ZnO NPs due to increased Zn uptake compared to 5 mg L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Charitonidou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, GR-38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Thermi, GR-57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zoi Mylona
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Sharifi-Rigi A, Heidarian E, Amini SA. Protective and anti-inflammatory effects of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Origanum vulgare on oxidative stress, TNF-α gene expression and liver histological changes in paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:56-63. [PMID: 29425067 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1437186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Toxicity with paraquat can lead to serious damages to the liver. OBJECTIVE The study investigates the protective effects of Origanum vulgare leaf extract against paraquat liver damage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were divided into six groups. Group 1, the control group; group 2, rats that received paraquat only; group 3, rats that received paraquat plus silymarin; and groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with paraquat and O. vulgare leaf extract. Then, the serum and tissue parameters of the oxidative stress were examined. RESULTS In group 2, paraquat caused a remarkable increase in the level of serum ALT, AST, ALP, lipid profiles, and liver TNF-α gene expression compared to group 1. The groups which received O. vulgare leaf extract exhibited significant ameliorations in abnormalities of paraquat-induced liver damage and serum biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION O. vulgare leaf extract has inhibitory effects on paraquat-induced liver damage due to its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sharifi-Rigi
- a Student Research Committee , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- b Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
| | - Sayed Asadollah Amini
- c Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran
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Bayçu G, Moustaka J, Gevrek N, Moustakas M. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging Analysis for Elucidating the Mechanism of Photosystem II Acclimation to Cadmium Exposure in the Hyperaccumulating Plant Noccaea caerulescens. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2580. [PMID: 30567339 PMCID: PMC6315512 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We provide new data on the mechanism of Noccaea caerulescens acclimation to Cd exposure by elucidating the process of photosystem II (PSII) acclimation by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. Seeds from the metallophyte N. caerulescens were grown in hydroponic culture for 12 weeks before exposure to 40 and 120 μM Cd for 3 and 4 days. At the beginning of exposure to 40 μM Cd, we observed a spatial leaf heterogeneity of decreased PSII photochemistry, that later recovered completely. This acclimation was achieved possibly through the reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool signaling. Exposure to 120 μM Cd under the growth light did not affect PSII photochemistry, while under high light due to a photoprotective mechanism (regulated heat dissipation for protection) that down-regulated PSII quantum yield, the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (ΦNO) decreased even more than control values. Thus, N. caerulescens plants exposed to 120 μM Cd for 4 days exhibited lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as singlet oxygen (¹O₂). The response of N. caerulescens to Cd exposure fits the 'Threshold for Tolerance Model', with a lag time of 4 d and a threshold concentration of 40 μM Cd required for the induction of the acclimation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülriz Bayçu
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Nurbir Gevrek
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Weerakoon HPAT, Atapaththu KSS, Asanthi HB. Toxicity evaluation and environmental risk assessment of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) on non-target aquatic macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30463-30474. [PMID: 30168109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plants in agricultural landscapes play a vital role in maintaining the ecological integrity within the aquatic systems while facing an array of disturbances. Among them, information on herbicide exposure on non-target aquatic plants is scarce. The present study was designed to fill this information gap by detecting the impacts of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) on Hydrilla verticillata using morpho-anatomical and physiological biomarkers and assessing the environmental risk of MCPA to the non-target environment. H. verticillata was exposed to different MCPA concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000 μg/L) and control (0 μg/L) for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, plant growth, pigments, H2O2 content, peroxidase activity (POD) and plant anatomy were compared. The environmental risk was assessed using predicted environmental concentration/predicted no effect concentration (PEC:PNEC) ratio, hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Control plants exhibited the highest growth, and a growth decline was noted in parallel to MCPA exposure, where a similar trend was detected for the plant pigment contents. MCPA induced chlorosis and oxidative stress in H. verticillata. Risk analysis detected high values for PEC:PNEC ratios (3-9), HQ (1.92-5.79) and HI (28.15). MCPA-exposed H. verticillata could recover once those plants received natural conditions. Overall, present findings showed the negative impacts of MCPA on non-target aquatic plant H. verticillata. These findings will be useful to clarify the interaction between agrochemicals and non-target aquatic plants. Such information would benefit to decide the criteria in aquatic ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keerthi Sri Senarathna Atapaththu
- Department of Limnology and Water Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Wellamadama, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Hewa Bandulage Asanthi
- Department of Limnology and Water Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Ruhuna, Wellamadama, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka
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24
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Adamakis IDS, Malea P, Panteris E. The effects of Bisphenol A on the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa: Leaf elongation impairment and cytoskeleton disturbance. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:431-440. [PMID: 29655159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an emerging pollutant of environmental concern, classified as "moderately toxic" and "toxic", causing adverse effects on aquatic biota. Although information about BPA toxicity on aquatic fauna is available, the data about BPA effects on aquatic flora remain scarce, missing for marine macrophytes. The effects of environmentally relevant BPA concentrations (ranging from 0.03 to 3 μg L-1) on juvenile leaf elongation and the cytoskeleton (microtubules, MTs and actin filaments, AFs) were studied in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa for 1-10 days. The suitability of cytoskeleton disturbance and leaf elongation impairment as "biomarkers" for BPA stress were tested. The highest BPA concentrations (0.3, 0.5, 1 and 3 μg L-1) affected significantly leaf elongation from the onset of the experiment, while defects of the cytoskeleton were observed even at lower concentrations. In particular, MTs were initially disrupted (i.e. "lowest observed effect concentrations", LOECs) at 0.1 μg L-1, while AFs were damaged even at 0.03 μg L-1. AFs appeared thus to be more sensitive to lower BPA concentrations, while there was a correlation between leaf elongation impairment and MT defects. Thus, AF damages, MT disruption and leaf elongation impairment in C. nodosa, in this particular order, appear to be sensitive "biomarkers" of BPA stress, at the above environmentally relevant BPA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Panteris
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
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25
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Ma J, Li Y, Wu M, Zhang C, Che Y, Li W, Li X. Serum immune responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to paraquat exposure: The traditional parameters and circulating microRNAs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:133-142. [PMID: 29499338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide used worldwide, and it was shown to be a high-risk compound to aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of PQ on traditional serum parameters and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in common carp to further elucidate the mechanism of PQ toxicity in fish. In the current study, a subacute toxicity test of common carp exposed to PQ at 1.596 and 3.192 mg/L for 7 d was conducted under laboratory conditions. The results showed that PQ exposure generally reduced the levels of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GST, but significantly increased MDA levels in the serum, indicating that PQ exposure induces oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the fish. The results of biochemical assays showed that PQ exposure not only significantly altered the activities of LDH, AST, ALT, ACP, AKP, and lysozyme and the contents of IgM and complement 3 but also promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Additionally, PQ inhibited the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, suggesting that PQ exposure may cause fish tissue injury and promote immune inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we found that serum circulating miRNAs, such as ccr-mir-122, ccr-mir-125b, ccr-mir-146a, and ccr-mir-155, were generally promoted in fish following PQ exposure. Based on our results and reports on miRNA-based diagnosis of tissue damage and inflammatory responses in mammals, we suggest that serum ccr-mir-122, ccr-mir-125b, ccr-mir-146a, and ccr-mir-155 could be new biomarkers of PQ toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengli Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Can Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuqing Che
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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26
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Xu X, Cui Z, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang S. Toxicological responses on cytochrome P450 and metabolic transferases in liver of goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to lead and paraquat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 151:161-169. [PMID: 29353166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both lead (Pb) and paraquat (PQ) can generate serious oxidative stress in target organs which result in irreversible toxic effects on organisms. They can disturb the normal catalytic activities of many enzymes by means of different toxicity mechanism. The changed responses of enzymes are frequently used as the biomarkers for indicating the relationship between toxicological effects and exposure levels. In this work, goldfish was exposed to a series of test groups containing lead and paraquat in the range of 0.05-10mg/L, respectively. Four hepatic enzyme activities, including 7-ethoxyresorufinO-deethylase (EROD), 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin-O-debenzyloxylase (BFCOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) were determined after 1, 7, 14, 28 days exposure. The results showed that the activities of EROD and BFCOD in fish were significantly inhibited in response to paraquat at all exposure levels during the whole experiment. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of lead exposure on BFCOD activity were found in our study, while different responses of lead on EROD were observed. There were no significant differences on EROD activity under lower concentrations of lead (less than 0.1mg/L) before 14 days until an obvious increase was occurred for the 0.5mg/L lead treatment group at day 14. Furthermore, lead showed stronger inhibition on GST activity than paraquat when the concentrations of the two toxicants were more than 0.5mg/L. However, the similar dose and time-dependent manners of UGT activity were found under lead and paraquat exposure. Our results indicated that higher exposure levels and longer accumulations caused inhibitory effects on the four enzymes regardless of lead or paraquat stress. In addition, the responses of phase I enzymes were more sensitive than that of phase II enzymes and they may be served as the acceptable biomarkers for evaluating the toxicity effects of both lead and paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhaojie Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Xinlei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xixin Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Su Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
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27
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Elenga N, Merlin C, Le Guern R, Kom-Tchameni R, Ducrot YM, Pradier M, Ntab B, Dinh-Van KA, Sobesky M, Mathieu D, Dueymes JM, Egmann G, Kallel H, Mathieu-Nolf M. Clinical features and prognosis of paraquat poisoning in French Guiana: A review of 62 cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9621. [PMID: 29642226 PMCID: PMC5908553 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraquat is a nonselective contact herbicide of great toxicological importance, being associated with high mortality rates. Because of its high toxicity, the European Union withdrew it from its market in 2007. The aim of this study is to analyze all cases of paraquat poisoning hospitalized in French Guiana in order to assess their incidence and main characteristics.Medical records of all paraquat intoxicated patients hospitalized from 2008 until 2015 were reviewed in this retrospective study.Demographics, clinical presentation, and laboratory data were evaluated.A total of 62 cases were reviewed. The incidence of paraquat poisoning was 3.8/100,000 inhabitants/year. There were 44 adults and 18 children younger than 16 years of age. The median ages were 31 years [18.08-75.25] in adults and 13.4 years [0.75-15.08] in children, respectively. The median duration of hospitalization was longer in children [15.5 days (1-24)] than in adults [2 days (1-30)], P < .01. The majority of cases was due to self-poisoning (84%).Children had ingested a lower quantity of paraquat [48.8 mg/kg (10-571.1)] than adults [595.8 mg/kg (6-3636.4), P = .03]. There were more deaths among adults (65%) than in children (22%), P = .004. The severity and outcome was determined primarily by the amount of paraquat ingested.In conclusion, French Guiana has the largest cohort of paraquat poisonings in the European Union. The major factor affecting the prognosis of patients was the ingested amount of paraquat. The administration of activated charcoal or Pemba, in situ, within the first hour after ingestion of paraquat is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcisse Elenga
- Service de Médecine et Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Rue des flamboyants, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane Française
| | - Caroline Merlin
- Service de Médecine et Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Rue des flamboyants, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane Française
| | - Rémi Le Guern
- Université de Lille, UFR Médecine
- CHU Lille, Infection Control
- EA 7366, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Host-Pathogen Translational Research Group, Lille
| | - Rémi Kom-Tchameni
- Service de Médecine et Chirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Rue des flamboyants, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane Française
| | - Yves-Marie Ducrot
- Département des centres délocalisés de prévention et de soins, Rue des flamboyants, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane Française
| | - Maxime Pradier
- Service de maladies infctieueses et du voyageur, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing-Hôpital Gustave Dron - 135, Tourcoing
| | - Balthazar Ntab
- Département de l’information médicale, Centre Hospitalier de l’Ouest Guyane “Franck Joly”16 avenue du Général de Gaulle, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
| | - Kim-Anh Dinh-Van
- Département de l’information médicale, Centre Médico-chirurgical de Kourou, Kourou
| | - Milko Sobesky
- Département de l’information médicale, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Rue des flamboyants, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane Française
| | - Daniel Mathieu
- Service de Réanimation Médicale et Médecine Hyperbare, Hôpital Albert Calmette, Lille Cedex
| | | | | | - Hatem Kallel
- Service de réanimation polyvalente, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Rue des flamboyants, Cayenne Cedex, Guyane Française
| | - Monique Mathieu-Nolf
- Centre anti pison, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, 2, Lille Cedex, France
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28
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Ma J, Li Y, Li W, Li X. Hepatotoxicity of paraquat on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:889-898. [PMID: 29107372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective herbicide that is used worldwide and has been demonstrated to be a high risk to aquatic organisms. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms on detoxification and hepatotoxicity of PQ in fish. In the present study, a sub-acute toxicity test of PQ exposure on common carp at 1.596 and 3.192mgL-1 for 7d was conducted under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the transcriptional levels of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), such as CYP1A, CYP2K, and CYP3A138, GSTα and GSTpi, and export pump gene MDR1, as well as the erythromycin-N-demethylase (ERND) activity were generally up-regulated by PQ exposure for 7d, indicating that these genes or enzymes are potentially involved in the detoxification of PQ in the fish liver. Further research showed that PQ exposure significantly increased the levels of HSP70, HSP90, NOS, and MDA; promoted expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8; altered the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, and generally reduced the levels of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH. In addition, we also found that caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were significantly activated in the fish liver following PQ exposure. In brief, the present study showed that PQ exposure induced fish liver injury by destabilizing the metabolism of fish, inhibiting antioxidant enzyme activity, elevating lipid peroxidation, and promoting an immune inflammatory response and apoptosis. The present study further enriches and perfects the mechanism theory of PQ hepatotoxicity to fish, which may be valuable for the risk assessment of PQ and human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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29
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Antonoglou O, Moustaka J, Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Pantazaki AA, Moustakas M, Dendrinou-Samara C. Nanobrass CuZn Nanoparticles as Foliar Spray Nonphytotoxic Fungicides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4450-4461. [PMID: 29314822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as alternative fertilizers to suppress plant disease and increase crop yield. However, phytotoxicity of NPs remains a key factor for their massive employment in agricultural applications. In order to investigate new effective, nonphytotoxic, and inexpensive fungicides, in the present study CuZn bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have been synthesized as antifungals, while assessment of photosystem II (PSII) efficiency by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis is utilized as an effective and noninvasive phytotoxicity evaluation method. Thus, biocompatible coated, nonoxide contaminated CuZn BNPs of 20 nm crystallite size and 250 nm hydrodynamic diameter have been prepared by a microwave-assisted synthesis. BNPs' antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be enhanced compared to monometallic Cu NPs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and photosystem II (PSII) functionality at low light (LL) and high light (HL) intensity were determined on tomato plants sprayed with 15 and 30 mg L-1 of BNPs for the evaluation of their phytotoxicity. Tomato leaves sprayed with 15 mg L-1 of BNPs displayed no significant difference in PSII functionality at LL, while exposure to 30 mg L-1 of BNPs for up to 90 min resulted in a reduced plastoquinone (PQ) pool that gave rise to H2O2 accumulation, initiating signaling networks and regulating acclimation responses. After 3 h of exposure to 30 mg L-1 of BNPs, PSII functionality at LL was similar to control, indicating nonphytotoxic effects. Meanwhile, exposure of tomato leaves either enhanced (15 mg L-1) or did not have any significant effect (30 mg L-1) on PSII functionality at HL, attributed to the absence of semiconducting oxide phases and photochemical toxicity-reducing modifications. The use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis is recommended as a tool to monitor NPs behavior on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Antonoglou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Laboratory of Molecular Entomology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus , 70013 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | | | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University , 34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Catherine Dendrinou-Samara
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Wei Z, Gao T, Liang B, Zhao Q, Ma F, Li C. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Methyl Viologen-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Apple Leaf. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010316. [PMID: 29361738 PMCID: PMC5796259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major source of damage of plants exposed to adverse environments. We examined the effect of exogenous melatonin (MT) in limiting of oxidative stress caused by methyl viologen (MV; paraquatin) in apple leaves (Malus domestica Borkh.). When detached leaves were pre-treated with melatonin, their level of stress tolerance increased. Under MV treatment, melatonin effectively alleviated the decrease in chlorophyll concentrations and maximum potential Photosystem II efficiency while also mitigating membrane damage and lipid peroxidation when compared with control leaves that were sprayed only with water prior to the stress experiment. The melatonin-treated leaves also showed higher activities and transcripts of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase. In addition, the expression of genes for those enzymes was upregulated. Melatonin-synthesis genes MdTDC1, MdT5H4, MdAANAT2, and MdASMT1 were also upregulated under oxidative stress in leaves but that expression was suppressed in response to 1 mM melatonin pretreatment during the MV treatments. Therefore, we conclude that exogenous melatonin mitigates the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, perhaps by slowing the decline in chlorophyll concentrations, moderating membrane damage and lipid peroxidation, increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and changing the expression of genes for melatonin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tengteng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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31
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Moustakas M, Malea P, Haritonidou K, Sperdouli I. Copper bioaccumulation, photosystem II functioning, and oxidative stress in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:16007-16018. [PMID: 28537017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, and Cu bioaccumulation in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa were assessed 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure to two copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP) concentrations (5 and 10 mg L-1). CuO NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering measurements (DLS). Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis was applied to detect photosystem II (PSII) functionality, while the Cu accumulation kinetics into the leaf blades was fitted to the Michaelis-Menten equation. The uptake kinetics was rapid during the first 4 h of exposure and reached an equilibrium state after 10 h exposure to 10 mg L-1 and after 27 h to 5 mg L-1 CuO NPs. As a result, 4-h treatment with 5 mg L-1 CuO NPs, decreased the quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Φ PSΙΙ ) with a parallel increase in the regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII (Φ NPQ ). However, the photoprotective dissipation of excess absorbed light energy as heat, through the process of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), did not maintain the same fraction of open reaction centers (q p ) as in control plants. This reduced number of open reaction centers resulted in a significant increase of H2O2 production in the leaf veins serving possibly as an antioxidant defense signal. Twenty-four-hour treatment had no significant effect on Φ PSΙΙ and q p compared to controls. However, 24 h exposure to 5 mg L-1 CuO NPs increased the quantum yield of non-regulated energy loss in PSII (Φ NO ), and thus the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) via the triplet state of chlorophyll, possible because the uptake kinetics had not yet reached the equilibrium state as did 10 mg L-1. Longer-duration treatment (48 and 72 h) had less effect on the allocation of absorbed light energy at PSII and the fraction of open reaction centers, compared to 4-h treatment, suggesting the function of a stress defense mechanism. The response of C. nodosa leaves to CuO NPs fits the "Threshold for Tolerance Model" with a threshold time (more than 4 h) required for induction of a stress defense mechanism, through H2O2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Haritonidou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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32
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Bayçu G, Gevrek-Kürüm N, Moustaka J, Csatári I, Rognes SE, Moustakas M. Cadmium-zinc accumulation and photosystem II responses of Noccaea caerulescens to Cd and Zn exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2840-2850. [PMID: 27838905 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A population of the metallophyte Noccaea (Thlaspi) caerulescens originating from a Zn-enriched area at Røros Copper Mine (Norway) was studied. N. caerulescens tolerance to accumulate Cd and Zn was evaluated in hydroponic experiments by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis. In the field-collected N. caerulescens mother plants, Zn shoot concentrations were above Zn hyperaccumulation threshold while, in hydroponic experiments under 40-μM Cd exposure, shoot Cd concentrations were clearly above Cd hyperaccumulation threshold. Cadmium ions and, to a less extent, Zn were mainly retained in the roots. Exposure to Cd enhanced Zn translocation to the shoot, while decreased significant total Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that Cd uptake occurs through Ca2+ transporters. Nevertheless, it increased Ca2+ translocation to the leaf, possibly for photoprotection of photosystem II (PSII). Exposure to 800 μM Zn or 40 μM Cd resulted in increased Fe3+ uptake suggesting that in N. caerulescens, Cd uptake does not take place through the pathway of Fe3+ uptake and that conditions that lead to Cd and Zn accumulation in plants may also favor Fe accumulation. Despite the significant high toxicity levels of Zn and Cd in leaves, under Zn and Cd exposure, respectively, the allocation of absorbed light energy at PSII did not differ compared to controls. The results showed that N. caerulescens keep Cd and Zn concentrations in the mesophyll cells in non-toxic forms for PSII and that the increased Ca and Fe accumulation in leaves alleviates the toxicity effects. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed that PSII of N. caerulescens resisted better the phytotoxic effects of 20 times higher Zn than Cd exposure concentration. Overall, it is concluded that the use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging constitutes a promising basis for investigating heavy metal tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülriz Bayçu
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurbir Gevrek-Kürüm
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julietta Moustaka
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 700 13, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - István Csatári
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sven Erik Rognes
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Division of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Ling LB, Chang Y, Liu CW, Lai PL, Hsu T. Oxidative stress intensity-related effects of cadmium (Cd) and paraquat (PQ) on UV-damaged-DNA binding and excision repair activities in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:10-18. [PMID: 27705808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies showed the inhibitory effects of cadmium (Cd) and paraquat (PQ) on the gene expression of DNA mismatch recognition proteins in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. This study explored the effects of Cd and PQ on nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity in zebrafish embryos. Exposure of embryos at 1 h post fertilization (hpf) to 3-5 μM Cd or 30-100 μM PQ for 9 h induced a 2-3-fold increase of oxidative stress, while a 6.5-fold increase of oxidative stress was induced by 200 μM PQ. Real-time RT-PCR detected a down-regulated xeroderma pigmentosum C (XPC) and an up-regulated UV-DDB2 gene expression in mildly-stressed embryos, whereas 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) gene expression increased with PQ exposure levels. NER of UV-damaged DNA was enhanced in weakly oxidant-stressed embryos as shown by a transcription-based DNA repair assay, yet repair activities of both UV and cisplatin-damaged DNA were inhibited in embryos exposed to 200 μM PQ. Band shift assay showed a suppression of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) binding activity in all stressed embryos. In contrast, (6-4) photoproduct (6-4PP) recognition activity was weakly stimulated except in embryos exposed to 200 μM PQ, revealing a link of NER capacity to 6-4PP binding. Our results showed that Cd and PQ imposed similar inducing effects on UV-DDB2 gene expression, NER of UV-damaged DNA and 6-4PP binding activity in zebrafish embryo under low levels of oxidative stress and NER capacity could be inhibited if the intensity of oxidative stress increased to a critical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bin Ling
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Wei Liu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Po-Ling Lai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Todd Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2, Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Response to: Neurotoxicity of paraquat and paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1030-4. [PMID: 27562309 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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