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Han H, Dai D, Wang W, Zhu J, Zhu Z, Lu L, Zhang R. Impact of serum levels of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and endothelial lipase on the progression of coronary artery disease. J Interv Med 2019; 2:16-20. [PMID: 34805864 PMCID: PMC8562274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), and endothelial lipase (EL) and the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and methods According to the inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, diagnostic criteria, angiography results, and the random matching scheme, the enrolled patients were divided into the following two groups: the progression-free group (n = 47) and the progression group (n = 15). The baseline characteristics and various biochemical parameters were obtained from the medical records and medical history. Serum LPL, HL, and EL levels were detected by ELISA. The correlation between serum LPL, HL, and EL levels and coronary lesions was statistically analyzed with SPSS software. Results Significant differences were observed in serum levels of HL and EL between the progression-free group and the progression group (HL, 75.5 ± 39.2 ng/mL vs. 125.1 ± 42.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05; EL, 139.2 ± 59.6 pg/mL vs. 175.1 ± 40.1 pg/mL, P < 0.05), while the difference in the LPL level was not significant (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values of LPL, HL, and EL were 0.506 (95% CI: 0.369–0.642, P = 0.9470), 0.792 (95% CI: 0.664–0.888, P < 0.0001), and 0.693 (95% CI: 0.553–0.811, P = 0.0095), respectively. Additionally, logistic regression analysis showed that the serum level of HL was an independent risk factor for coronary artery lesion progression. Conclusion Serum levels of EL and HL, but not the serum level of LPL, were positively correlated with the progression of CAD. The serum level of HL was an independent risk factor for the progression of CAD, while the serum level of EL or LPL was not an independent risk factor for the progression of CAD. For the diagnosis of CAD progression, the serum level of HL was better than the serum level of EL or LPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Daopeng Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Wencheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, 197 Rui Jin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
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Geldenhuys WJ, Lin L, Darvesh AS, Sadana P. Emerging strategies of targeting lipoprotein lipase for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:352-365. [PMID: 27771332 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although statins and other pharmacological approaches have improved the management of lipid abnormalities, there exists a need for newer treatment modalities especially for the management of hypertriglyceridemia. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), by promoting hydrolytic cleavage of the triglyceride core of lipoproteins, is a crucial node in the management of plasma lipid levels. Although LPL expression and activity modulation is observed as a pleiotropic action of some the commonly used lipid lowering drugs, the deliberate development of drugs targeting LPL has not occurred yet. In this review, we present the biology of LPL, highlight the LPL modulation property of currently used drugs and review the novel emerging approaches to target LPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner J Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Altaf S Darvesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Prabodh Sadana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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Li Y, He PP, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Cayabyab FS, Yin WD, Tang CK. Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:597-608. [PMID: 25463094 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and responsible for catalyzing lipolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins. LPL is produced mainly in adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscle, as well as in macrophage and other tissues. After synthesized, it is secreted and translocated to the vascular lumen. LPL expression and activity are regulated by a variety of factors, such as transcription factors, interactive proteins and nutritional state through complicated mechanisms. LPL with different distributions may exert distinct functions and have diverse roles in human health and disease with close association with atherosclerosis. It may pose a pro-atherogenic or an anti-atherogenic effect depending on its locations. In this review, we will discuss its gene, protein, synthesis, transportation and biological functions, and then focus on its regulation and relationship with atherosclerosis and potential underlying mechanisms. The goal of this review is to provide basic information and novel insight for further studies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fracisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Wang ZB, Zeng HC, Wei HS, Yi GH, Yu J, Wang YT, Zhang YL, Yin WD. NO-1886 ameliorates glycogen metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by GSK-3β signalling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:293-301. [PMID: 22221106 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to elucidate the possible role and mechanism of NO-1886 (ibrolipim, a lipoprotein lipase activator) in ameliorating insulin resistance induced by high palmitate. METHODS HepG2 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium and were treated with palmitate to induce insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, glycogen, cell viability and mRNA and protein levels were analysed separately. KEY FINDINGS We found that HepG2 cells treated with 0.5 mm palmitate for 48 h led to a significant decrease of insulin-induced glucose consumption (from 2.89 ± 0.85 mm in the control to 0.57 ± 0.44 mm in palmitate). Insulin resistance (IR) of HepG2 cells was induced by 0.5 mm palmitate for 48 h. NO-1886 stimulated glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis and FFA absorption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Maximum stimulation effects were observed with 10 µm NO-1886 for 24 h. Compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide-treated group, 2.5 µm NO-1886 or higher could induce the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase. Meanwhile, NO-1886 increased the protein content of P-GSK-3βser(9) and decreased the protein level of GSK-3β in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, but NO-1886 didn't change the protein levels of PI3-Kp85 and Akt2. CONCLUSION Lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886 could increase glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells and could ameliorate the insulin resistance, which was associated with GSK-3 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Bao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Kusunoki M, Tsutsumi K, Sato D, Nakamura A, Habu S, Mori Y, Morishita M, Yonemoto T, Miyata T, Nakaya Y, Nakamura T. Pioglitazone-induced body weight gain is prevented by combined administration with the lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668:486-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Cholesterol efflux from lipid-loaded cells is a key athero-protective event that counteracts cholesterol uptake. The imbalance between cholesterol efflux and uptake determines the prevention or development of atherosclerosis. Many proteins and factors participate in the cholesterol efflux event. However, there are currently no systematic models of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) that include most RCT-related factors and events. On the basis of recent research findings from other and our laboratories, we propose a novel model of one center and four systems with coupling transportation and networking regulation. This model represents a common way of cholesterol efflux; however, the systems in the model consist of different proteins/factors in different cells. In this review, we evaluate the novel model in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages, which are the most important original cells of foam cells. This novel model consists of 1) a caveolae transport center, 2) an intracellular trafficking system of the caveolin-1 complex, 3) a transmembrane transport system of the ABC-A1 complex, 4) a transmembrane transport system of the SR-B1 complex, and 5) an extracelluar trafficking system of HDL/Apo-A1. In brief, the caveolin-1 system transports cholesterol from intracellular compartments to caveolae. Subsequently, both ABC-A1 and SR-B1 complex systems transfer cholesterol from caveolae to extracellular HDL/Apo-A1. The four systems are linked by a regulatory network. This model provides a simple and concise way to understand the dynamic process of atherosclerosis.
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Porcine models for the metabolic syndrome, digestive and bone disorders: a general overview. Animal 2010; 4:899-920. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Ma X, Hu YW, Mo ZC, Li XX, Liu XH, Xiao J, Yin WD, Liao DF, Tang CK. NO-1886 Up-regulates Niemann–Pick C1 Protein (NPC1) Expression Through Liver X Receptor α Signaling Pathway in THP-1 Macrophage-Derived Foam Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2009; 23:199-206. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-009-6165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wu Q, Harada N, Nakamura A, Yoshida M, Mawatari K, Hattori A, Li Q, Shimohata T, Yinhua, Lian X, Nakano M, Hosaka T, Takahashi A, Nakaya Y. NO-1886, a lipoprotein lipase activator, attenuates contraction of rat intestinal ring preparations. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2008; 55:61-70. [PMID: 18319547 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.55.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Various intestinal symptoms or diseases are closely associated with intestinal motility, which may be altered by metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes and obesity. It is therefore important that drugs used in the treatment of metabolic disorders should not have any adverse effects on the intestine. In the present study, we examined whether [4-(4-bromo-2-cyano-phenylcarbamoyl)-benzyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester (NO-1886), a lipoprotein lipase activator with anti-diabetic and/or anti-obese activity, affects stimulant-induced intestinal contractility. Administration of NO-1886 to intestinal ring preparations of ileum, rectum and colon isolated from Wistar rats attenuated or relaxed contraction induced by a high K+ environment or acetylcholine (ACh). This effect of NO-1886 was dependent on extracellular Ca(2+) and intracellular myosin light chain kinase activity. Our results also showed that ACh-induced colonic contraction was significantly higher in the obese Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) than in the non-obese Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats. The hypercontractility observed in the colons of OLETF rats occurred concomitantly with an elevation in muscarinic M3 ACh receptor protein levels. Administration of NO-1886 attenuated the obesity-induced hypercontractility of the colonic rings of OLETF rats. Thus, intestinal contractile system would be a novel pharmacological target of the lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishisan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Yu J, Chu ESH, Hui AY, Cheung KF, Chan HLY, Leung WK, Farrell GC, Sung JJY. Lipoprotein lipase activator ameliorates the severity of dietary steatohepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:53-9. [PMID: 17350593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary model of steatohepatitis was established by feeding mice a methionine choline deficient (MCD) diet. Mice on MCD or control diet for 3 weeks were treated with or without NO-1886, a newly synthetic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activator. In a separate experiment, NO-1886 was given after pre-treatment with 3 weeks of MCD diet. NO-1886 significantly reduced MCD-induced inflammation by repressing levels of hepatic lipid peroxides and pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, NO-1886 dampened hepatic steatosis via accelerating fatty acid oxidation caused by enhanced expression of PPARalpha, cytochrome P450-10 (Cyp4a10), and Acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO). It failed to regulate genes of fatty acid uptake and synthesis pathways. In conclusion, NO-1886 ameliorated and induced regression of experimental steatohepatitis via increasing endogenous LPL activation resulting in suppression on pro-inflammatory factors and reduction of hepatic fatty acids. These findings indicate that NO-1886 is a potential therapeutic agent for steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Zhang C, Yin W, Liao D, Huang L, Tang C, Tsutsumi K, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li Q, Hou H, Cai M, Xiao J. NO-1886 upregulates ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and inhibits diet-induced atherosclerosis in Chinese Bama minipigs. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:2055-63. [PMID: 16807312 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600226-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) functions to transport cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver by reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), a pathway that may protect against atherosclerosis by clearing excess cholesterol from arterial cells. A cellular ATP binding cassette transporter called ABCA1 mediates the first step of RCT. NO-1886 has been proven to be highly effective at increasing HDL-C and reducing atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism of atherosclerosis inhibition for NO-1886 is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of NO-1886 on ABCA1 were investigated in high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol-fed Chinese Bama minipigs. Administration of NO-1886 (0.1 g/kg body weight/day) in the diet for 5 months significantly reduced atherosclerosis lesions and significantly increased plasma HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels. The mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in the liver, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and aorta were increased by NO-1886 as well. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the levels of LPL in plasma and the levels of ABCA1 in aorta were independently associated with the atherosclerotic lesion area. In addition, NO-1886 upregulated liver X receptor alpha and affected the expression of scavenger receptor class B type I in the liver. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of atherosclerosis inhibition for NO-1886 is associated with its effect on ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Nanhua University Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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Cai M, Yin W, Li Q, Liao D, Tsutsumi K, Hou H, Liu Y, Zhang C, Li J, Wang Z, Xiao J. Effects of NO-1886 on inflammation-associated cytokines in high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol diet-fed miniature pigs. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 540:139-46. [PMID: 16730700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/19/2006] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, closely associated with obesity, is emerging as an important risk factor for the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Fat balance is critical in the aetiology of obesity. Lipoprotein lipase is an important enzyme in lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of the lipoprotein lipase activator, NO-1886, on inflammation cytokines, adiposity and related diseases in miniature pigs fed a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol diet (HFSC diet). Chinese Bama-miniature pigs were fed a control diet or HFSC diet with or without NO-1886 for 5 months. The levels of inflammation-associated cytokines were determined using the antibody arrays. Feeding of the HFSC diet to miniature pigs markedly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, supplementation of NO-1886 to HFSC diet decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines significantly, protecting against the development of atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. NO-1886 may have a beneficial effect on the most inflammation-associated cytokines, and this effect may contribute to improving atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manbo Cai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Nanhua University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Ugochukwu NH, Figgers CL. Dietary caloric restriction modifies inflammatory responses in the livers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kano S, Doi M. NO-1886 (ibrolipim), a lipoprotein lipase-promoting agent, accelerates the expression of UCP3 messenger RNA and ameliorates obesity in ovariectomized rats. Metabolism 2006; 55:151-8. [PMID: 16423620 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic compound NO-1886 (ibrolipim, [4-(4-bromo-2-cyano-phenylcarbamoyl)-benzyl]-phosphonic acid diethyl ester, CAS 133208-93-2) is a lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-promoting agent that decreases plasma triglycerides, increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and prevents fat accumulation in high fat-fed rats. However, the effect of NO-1886 on body weight, fat accumulation, and energy expenditure in ovariectomized (OVX) rats is not clear. The primary aim of this study was to ascertain whether NO-1886 ameliorated obesity in OVX rats and to examine the effects on fatty acid oxidation-related enzymes. NO-1886 decreased accumulation of visceral fat and suppressed the increase in body weight resulting from the ovariectomy. NO-1886 decreased the respiratory quotient and increased expression of the fatty acid translocase messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver, soleus muscle, and mesenteric fat. NO-1886 also increased the expression of fatty acid-binding protein mRNA in the liver and soleus muscle and the expression of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA in the heart, soleus muscle, and mesenteric fat, but not in the brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, NO-1886 did not affect UCP1 and UCP2 in brown adipose tissue. Therefore, amelioration of obesity by NO-1886 in OVX rats is possibly because of an the increased expression of fatty acid oxidation-related enzymes and UCP3, both of which are related to fatty acid transfer and fat use. Our study indicates that the LPL-promoting agent NO-1886 may be potentially beneficial in the treatment of obesity and obesity-linked health problems in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Kano
- Department of Pharmacology, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan
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Kusunoki M, Tsutsumi K, Iwata K, Yin W, Nakamura T, Ogawa H, Nomura T, Mizutani K, Futenma A, Utsumi K, Miyata T. NO-1886 (ibrolipim), a lipoprotein lipase activator, increases the expression of uncoupling protein 3 in skeletal muscle and suppresses fat accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Metabolism 2005; 54:1587-92. [PMID: 16311090 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activator NO-1886 shows antiobesity effects in high-fat-induced obese animals, the mechanism remains unclear. To clarify the mechanism, we studied the effects of NO-1886 on the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1, UCP2, and UCP3 in rats. NO-1886 was mixed with a high-fat chow to supply a dose of 100 mg/kg to 8-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were fed the high-fat chow for 8 weeks. At the end of the administration period, brown adipose tissue (BAT), mesenteric fat, and soleus muscle were collected and levels of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) were determined. NO-1886 suppressed the body weight increase seen in the high-fat control group after the 8-week administration (585 +/- 39 vs 657 +/- 66 g, P < .05). NO-1886 also suppressed fat accumulation in visceral (46.9 +/- 10.4 vs 73.7 +/- 14.5 g, P < .01) and subcutaneous (43.1 +/- 18.1 vs 68.9 +/- 18.8 g, P < .05) tissues and increased the levels of plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison to the high-fat control group. In contrast, NO-1886 decreased the levels of plasma triglycerides, nonesterified free fatty acid, glucose, and insulin. NO-1886 increased LPL activity in soleus muscle (0.082 +/- 0.013 vs 0.061 +/- 0.016 mumol of free fatty acid per minute per gram of tissue, P < .05). NO-1886 increased the expression of UCP3 mRNA in soleus muscle 3.14-fold (P < .01) compared with the high-fat control group without affecting the levels of UCP3 in mesenteric adipose tissue and BAT. In addition, NO-1886 did not affect the expression of UCP1 and UCP2 in BAT, mesenteric adipose tissue, and soleus muscle. In conclusion, NO-1886 increased the expression of UCP3 mRNA and LPL activity only in skeletal muscle. Therefore, a possible mechanism for NO-1886's antiobesity effects in rats may be the enhancement of LPL activity in skeletal muscle and the accompanying increase in UCP3 expression.
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Eskandari HG, Cimen MYB, Tamer L, Kanik A, Atik U. Short term effects of L-carnitine on serum lipids in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 66:129-32. [PMID: 15533579 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into diabetic and diabetic-L-carnitine-supplemented groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in citrate buffer. L-Carnitine was supplemented by IM injection of 100 mg/kg per day for 10 days. Serum glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were determined at days 0, 5 and 10. Rats receiving L-carnitine had lower triglyceride levels at both days 5 and 10 (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol levels in the carnitine-supplemented group were lower, but statistical significance was achieved only at day 10 (P < 0.05). These results suggest that L-carnitine exhibits hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Clinical trials of L-carnitine supplementation on patients with diabetes induced hyperlipidemia must be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gulcin Eskandari
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry and Biostatistics, Mersin University, Tip Fak. Hastanesi, Biyokimya AD., Zeytinlibahce Cad., 33079 Mersin, Turkey.
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Kitajima S, Morimoto M, Liu E, Koike T, Higaki Y, Taura Y, Mamba K, Itamoto K, Watanabe T, Tsutsumi K, Yamada N, Fan J. Overexpression of lipoprotein lipase improves insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet in transgenic rabbits. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1202-1209. [PMID: 15221136 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Dysfunctions of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) have been found to be associated with dyslipidaemias, atherosclerosis, obesity and insulin resistance. There are two conflicting hypotheses regarding the roles of LPL in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Whether systemically increased LPL activity would be beneficial or detrimental to insulin sensitivity is yet to be resolved. To address this issue, we studied transgenic rabbits overexpressing human LPL transgene. METHODS LPL transgenic and control rabbits were fed a 10% high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. To evaluate glucose metabolism, we compared plasma levels of glucose and insulin in transgenic rabbits with control rabbits and performed an intravenous glucose tolerance test. In addition, we measured adipose tissue accumulation in HFD-fed rabbits. RESULTS Increased LPL activity in transgenic rabbits resulted in a significant reduction of plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids, but not in basal levels of glucose and insulin. HFD feeding induced an elevation of plasma glucose levels accompanied by hyperinsulinaemia in control rabbits, but was significantly inhibited in transgenic rabbits. The intravenous glucose tolerance test showed that transgenic rabbits had faster glucose clearance associated with lower levels of insulin secretion than control rabbits. In addition, there was a significant reduction of body adipose tissue in transgenic rabbits compared with in control rabbits fed an HFD. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed that adipocytes in transgenic rabbits were predominately small cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results showed that systemically increased LPL activity improves insulin resistance and reduces adipose accumulation in transgenic rabbits, indicating that systemic elevation of LPL may have potential benefits for the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kitajima
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - M Morimoto
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - E Liu
- Analytical Research Center for Experimental Sciences, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - T Koike
- Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Y Higaki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Y Taura
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - K Mamba
- United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - K Itamoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Veterinary Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - K Tsutsumi
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Tokushima, Japan
| | - N Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - J Fan
- Cardiovascular Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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