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Wang SM, Wang YS, Cheng H. Comparative Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses of Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata under Chilling Stress during Seedling Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16989. [PMID: 38069316 PMCID: PMC10707264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most productive ecosystems in the world, mangroves are susceptible to cold stress. However, there is currently insufficient knowledge of the adaptation mechanisms of mangrove plants in response to chilling stress. This study conducted a comparative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics to investigate the adaptive responses of Kandelia obovata (chilling-tolerant) and Avicennia marina (chilling-sensitive) to 5 °C. The transcriptomics results revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mostly enriched in signal transduction, photosynthesis-related pathways, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The expression pattern of genes involved in photosynthesis-related pathways in A. marina presented a downregulation of most DEGs, which correlated with the decrease in total chlorophyll content. In the susceptible A. marina, all DEGs encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase were upregulated. Phenylpropanoid-related genes were observed to be highly induced in K. obovata. Additionally, several metabolites, such as 4-aminobutyric acid, exhibited higher levels in K. obovata than in A. marina, suggesting that chilling-tolerant varieties regulated more metabolites in response to chilling. The investigation defined the inherent distinctions between K. obovata and A. marina in terms of signal transduction gene expression, as well as phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, during exposure to low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (S.-M.W.); (H.C.)
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - You-Shao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (S.-M.W.); (H.C.)
- Daya Bay Marine Biology Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (S.-M.W.); (H.C.)
- Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Li JL, Weng Z, Li XY, Xu B, Gao YF, Rong LP. De novo transcriptome revealed genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, transport, and regulation in a mutant of Acer pseudosieboldianum. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:567. [PMID: 35941547 PMCID: PMC9361605 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acer pseudosieboldianum is a kind of excellent color-leafed plants, and well known for its red leaves in autumn. At the same time, A. pseudosieboldianum is one of the native tree species in the northeast of China, and it plays an important role in improving the lack of color-leafed plants in the north. In previous study, we found a mutant of the A. pseudosieboldianum that leaves intersect red and green in spring and summer. However, it is unclear which genes cause the color change of mutant leaves. RESULTS In order to study the molecular mechanism of leaf color formation, we analyzed the leaves of the mutant group and the control group from A. pseudosieboldianum by RNA deep sequencing in this study. Using an Illumina sequencing platform, we obtained approximately 276,071,634 clean reads. After the sequences were filtered and assembled, the transcriptome data generated a total of 70,014 transcripts and 54,776 unigenes, of which 34,486 (62.96%) were successfully annotated in seven public databases. There were 8,609 significant DEGs identified between the control and mutant groups, including 4,897 upregulated and 3,712 downregulated genes. We identified 13 genes of DEGs for leaf color synthesis that was involved in the flavonoid pathway, 26 genes that encoded transcription factors, and eight genes associated with flavonoid transport. CONCLUSION Our results provided comprehensive gene expression information about A. pseudosieboldianum transcriptome, and directed the further study of accumulation of anthocyanin in A. pseudosieboldianum, aiming to provide insights into leaf coloring of it through transcriptome sequencing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Zhuo Weng
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Yu-Fu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Li-Ping Rong
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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Lin Y, Laosatit K, Liu J, Chen J, Yuan X, Somta P, Chen X. The mungbean VrP locus encoding MYB90, an R2R3-type MYB protein, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:895634. [PMID: 35937322 PMCID: PMC9355716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments present in several tissues/parts of plants. The pigments provide color and are wildly known for health benefits for human, insect attraction for plant pollination, and stress resistance in plants. Anthocyanin content variations in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were first noticed a long time ago, but the genetic mechanism controlling the anthocyanins in mungbean remains unknown. An F2 population derived from the cross between purple-hypocotyl (V2709) and green-hypocotyl (Sulv1) mungbeans was used to map the VrP locus controlling purple hypocotyl. The VrP locus was mapped to a 78.9-kb region on chromosome 4. Sequence comparison and gene expression analysis identified an R2R3-MYB gene VrMYB90 as the candidate gene for the VrP locus. Haplotype analysis using 124 mungbean accessions suggested that 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 3 may lead to an abolished expression of VrMYB90 and an absence of anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl of Sulv1 and KPS2. The overexpression of VrMYB90 in mungbean hairy root, tobacco leaf, and Arabidopsis resulted in anthocyanin accumulation (purple color). Gene expression analysis demonstrated that VrMYB90 regulated anthocyanin accumulation in the hypocotyl, stem, petiole, and flowers, and the expression was sensitive to light. VrMYB90 protein may upregulate VrDFR encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase at the late biosynthesis step of anthocyanins in mungbeans. These results suggest that VrMYB90 is the dominator in the spatiotemporal regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide insight into the biosynthesis mechanism of anthocyanin and a theoretical basis for breeding mungbeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kularb Laosatit
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Jinyang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingbing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Prakit Somta
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Ma S, Yang Z, Wu F, Ma J, Fan J, Dong X, Hu R, Feng G, Li D, Wang X, Nie G, Zhang X. R2R3-MYB gene family: Genome-wide identification provides insight to improve the content of proanthocyanidins in Trifolium repens. Gene 2022; 829:146523. [PMID: 35452706 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The R2R3-MYB family is one of largest transcription factor families in plants playing significant roles in regulating anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Proanthocyanidins are one of major objectives to improve the quality of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), which have a beneficial effect on ruminant to prevent the lethal pasture bloat. A total of 133 TrR2R3-MYB genes were identified and distributed on all 16 chromosomes based on the whole genome information of white clover. Also, by exploring the gene structure, motifs and duplication events of TrR2R3-MYBs, as well as the evolutionary relationship with TrR2R3-MYB genes of other species, 10 TrR2R3-MYB genes with the potential to regulate the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins biosynthesis were screened. These TrR2R3-MYB genes responded significantly to low temperature in white clover. In addition, they have different expression patterns in leaves, petioles and inflorescences of white clover. Importantly, TrMYB116 and TrMYB118 may positively regulate anthocyanin accumulation and low temperature response in white clover. TrMYB118 may also be associated with anthocyanin pigmentation pattern in Purple leaves. This study provides a basis for verifying the function of TrR2R3-MYB and breeding white clover cultivars with high proanthocyanidins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jieyu Ma
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jinwan Fan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xintan Dong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ruchang Hu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Luo Y, Teng S, Yin H, Zhang S, Tuo X, Tran LSP. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Roles of Anthocyanin- and Jasmonic Acid-Biosynthetic Pathways in Rapeseed in Response to High Light Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313027. [PMID: 34884828 PMCID: PMC8657659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is one of the major important oil crops worldwide and is largely cultivated in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP), where long and strong solar-radiation is well-known. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying rapeseed's response to light stress are largely unknown. In the present study, the color of rapeseed seedlings changed from green to purple under high light (HL) stress conditions. Therefore, changes in anthocyanin metabolism and the transcriptome of rapeseed seedlings cultured under normal light (NL) and HL conditions were analyzed to dissect how rapeseed responds to HL at the molecular level. Results indicated that the contents of anthocyanins, especially glucosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, and petunidin, which were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), increased by 9.6-, 4.2-, and 59.7-fold in rapeseed seedlings exposed to HL conditions, respectively. Next, RNA-sequencing analysis identified 7390 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which included 4393 up-regulated and 2997 down-regulated genes. Among the up-regulated genes, many genes related to the anthocyanin-biosynthetic pathway were enriched. For example, genes encoding dihydroflavonol reductase (BnDFR) and anthocyanin synthase (BnANS) were especially induced by HL conditions, which was also confirmed by RT-qPCR analysis. In addition, two PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTATION 2 (BnPAP2) and GLABRA3 (BnGL3) genes encoding MYB-type and bHLH-type transcription factors, respectively, whose expression was also up-regulated by HL stress, were found to be associated with the changes in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Many genes involved in the jasmonic acid (JA)-biosynthetic pathway were also up-regulated under HL conditions. This finding, which is in agreement with the well-known positive regulatory role of JA in anthocyanin biosynthesis, suggests that the JA may also play a key role in the responses of rapeseed seedlings to HL. Collectively, these data indicate that anthocyanin biosynthesis-related and JA biosynthesis-related pathways mediate HL responses in rapeseed. These findings collectively provide mechanistic insights into the mechanisms involved in the response of rapeseed to HL stress, and the identified key genes may potentially be used to improve HL tolerance of rapeseed cultivars through genetic engineering or breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Luo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.L.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Shoulian Teng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.L.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Hengxia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (L.-S.P.T.); Tel.: +86-971-531-0086 (H.Y.)
| | - Shengping Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
| | - Xiaoyun Tuo
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (Y.L.); (S.T.); (X.T.)
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); or (L.-S.P.T.); Tel.: +86-971-531-0086 (H.Y.)
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6
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Wang C, Ji W, Liu Y, Zhou P, Meng Y, Zhang P, Wen J, Mysore KS, Zhai J, Young ND, Tian Z, Niu L, Lin H. The antagonistic MYB paralogs RH1 and RH2 govern anthocyanin leaf markings in Medicago truncatula. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3330-3344. [PMID: 33222243 PMCID: PMC7986808 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Patterned leaf coloration in plants generates remarkable diversity in nature, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, using Medicago truncatula leaf marking as a model, we show that the classic M. truncatula leaf anthocyanin spot trait depends on two R2R3 MYB paralogous regulators, RED HEART1 (RH1) and RH2. RH1 mainly functions as an anthocyanin biosynthesis activator that specifically determines leaf marking formation depending on its C-terminal activation motif. RH1 physically interacts with the M. truncatula bHLH protein MtTT8 and the WDR family member MtWD40-1, and this interaction facilitates RH1 function in leaf anthocyanin marking formation. RH2 has lost transcriptional activation activity, due to a divergent C-terminal domain, but retains the ability to interact with the same partners, MtTT8 and MtWD40-1, as RH1, thereby acting as a competitor in the regulatory complex and exerting opposite effects. Moreover, our results demonstrate that RH1 can activate its own expression and that RH2-mediated competition can repress RH1 expression. Our findings reveal the molecular mechanism of the antagonistic gene paralogs RH1 and RH2 in determining anthocyanin leaf markings in M. truncatula, providing a multidimensional paralogous-antagonistic regulatory paradigm for fine-tuning patterned pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongnan Wang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Wenkai Ji
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- StateKey Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Yingying Meng
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | | | | | - Jixian Zhai
- Institute of Plant and Food ScienceDepartment of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Nevin D. Young
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN55108USA
| | - Zhixi Tian
- StateKey Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Lifang Niu
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Hao Lin
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
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7
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Busconi M, Wischnitzki E, Del Corvo M, Colli L, Soffritti G, Stagnati L, Fluch S, Sehr EM, de los Mozos Pascual M, Fernández JA. Epigenetic Variability Among Saffron Crocus ( Crocus sativus L.) Accessions Characterized by Different Phenotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:642631. [PMID: 33747022 PMCID: PMC7970008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.642631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This work represents the first epigenomic study carried out on saffron crocus. Five accessions of saffron, showing differences in tepal pigmentation, yield of saffron and flowering time, were analyzed at the epigenetic level by applying a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-sequencing (MRE-seq) approach. Five accession-specific hypomethylomes plus a reference hypomethylome, generated by combining the sequence data from the single accessions, were obtained. Assembled sequences were annotated against existing online databases. In the absence of the Crocus genome, the rice genome was mainly used as the reference as it is the best annotated genome among monocot plants. Comparison of the hypomethylomes revealed many differentially methylated regions, confirming the high epigenetic variability present among saffron accessions, including sequences encoding for proteins that could be good candidates to explain the accessions' alternative phenotypes. In particular, transcription factors involved in flowering process (MADS-box and TFL) and for the production of pigments (MYB) were detected. Finally, by comparing the generated sequences of the different accessions, a high number of SNPs, likely having arisen as a consequence of the prolonged vegetative propagation, were detected, demonstrating surprisingly high genetic variability. Gene ontology (GO) was performed to map and visualize sequence polymorphisms located within the GOs and to compare their distributions among different accessions. As well as suggesting the possible existence of alternative phenotypes with a genetic basis, a clear difference in polymorphic GO is present among accessions based on their geographic origin, supporting a possible signature of selection in the Indian accession with respect to the Spanish ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Busconi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Matteo Busconi,
| | - Elisabeth Wischnitzki
- Centre for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Marcello Del Corvo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Licia Colli
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giovanna Soffritti
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stagnati
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Research Centre BioDNA, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Silvia Fluch
- Centre for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Sehr
- Centre for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Marcelino de los Mozos Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Agroforestal de Albaladejito, Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal, Cuenca, Spain
| | - José Antonio Fernández
- IDR-Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Universidad de Castilla—La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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8
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Guo Y, Wang T, Fu FF, El-Kassaby YA, Wang G. Temporospatial Flavonoids Metabolism Variation in Ginkgo biloba Leaves. Front Genet 2020; 11:589326. [PMID: 33329734 PMCID: PMC7728922 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.589326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a high-value medicinal tree species characterized by its flavonoids beneficial effects that are abundant in leaves. We performed a temporospatial comprehensive transcriptome and metabolome dynamics analyses of clonally propagated Ginkgo plants at four developmental stages (time: May to August) across three different environments (space) to unravel leaves flavonoids biosynthesis variation. Principal component analysis revealed clear gene expression separation across samples from different environments and leaf-developmental stages. We found that flavonoid-related metabolism was more active in the early stage of leaf development, and the content of total flavonoid glycosides and the expression of some genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway peaked in May. We also constructed a co-expression regulation network and identified eight GbMYBs and combining with other TF genes (3 GbERFs, 1 GbbHLH, and 1 GbTrihelix) positively regulated the expression of multiple structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. We found that part of these GbTFs (Gb_11316, Gb_32143, and Gb_00128) expressions was negatively correlated with mean minimum temperature and mean relative humidity, while positively correlated with sunshine duration. This study increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flavonoids biosynthesis in Ginkgo leaves and provided insight into the proper production and management of Ginkgo commercial plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fang-Fang Fu
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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9
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Genetic and Physical Localization of the Gene Controlling Leaf Pigmentation Pattern in Medicago truncatula. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4159-4165. [PMID: 32912932 PMCID: PMC7642937 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In Medicago truncatula, some ecotypes form a black or purple stain in the middle of adaxial leaf surface due to accumulation of anthocyanins. However, this morphological marker is missing in some other ecotypes, although anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is not disrupted. Genetic analysis indicated that the lack of the leaf spot of anthocyanins accumulation is a dominant trait, which is controlled by a single gene, LPP1. Genetic mapping indicated that the LPP1 gene was delimited to a 280 kb-region on Chromosome 7. A total of 8 protein-coding genes were identified in the LPP1 locus through gene annotation and sequence analysis. Of those, two genes, putatively encoding MYB-transcriptional suppressors, were selected as candidates for functional validation.
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10
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Bernardi J, Battaglia R, Bagnaresi P, Lucini L, Marocco A. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of ZmYUC1 mutant reveals the role of auxin during early endosperm formation in maize. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:133-145. [PMID: 30824046 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Kernel size in cereal is an important agronomic trait controlled by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The endosperm occupies most of the kernel area; for this reason, the endosperm cells dimension, number and metabolic content strongly influence kernel properties. This paper presents the transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the maize defective endosperm 18 (de18) mutant, where auxin accumulation in the endosperm is impaired. This mutation, involving the ZmYuc1 gene, leads to a reduced kernel size compared to the wild-type line B37. Our results mainly indicate that IAA concentration controls sugar and protein metabolism during kernel differentiation and it is necessary for BETL formation. Furthermore, a fine tuning of different auxin conjugates is reported as the main mechanism to counteract the auxin deficit. Some candidates as master regulators of endosperm transcriptional regulation mediated by auxin are found between MYB and MADS-box gene families. A link between auxin and storage protein accumulation is highlighted, suggesting that IAA directly or indirectly, through CK or ABA, regulates the transcription of zein coding genes. This study represents a move forward with respect to the current knowledge about the role of auxin during maize endosperm differentiation thus revealing the genes that are modulated by auxin and that control agronomic traits as kernel size and metabolic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Bernardi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Battaglia
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnaresi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Adriano Marocco
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.
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11
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Wang W, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Dai X, Liu Y, Qian Y, Li M, Jiang X, Wang Y, Gao L, Xia T. Insight into Catechins Metabolic Pathways of Camellia sinensis Based on Genome and Transcriptome Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4281-4293. [PMID: 29606002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tea is an important economic crop with a 3.02 Gb genome. It accumulates various bioactive compounds, especially catechins, which are closely associated with tea flavor and quality. Catechins are biosynthesized through the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, with 12 structural genes being involved in their synthesis. However, we found that in Camellia sinensis the understanding of the basic profile of catechins biosynthesis is still unclear. The gene structure, locus, transcript number, transcriptional variation, and function of multigene families have not yet been clarified. Our previous studies demonstrated that the accumulation of flavonoids in tea is species, tissue, and induction specific, which indicates that gene coexpression patterns may be involved in tea catechins and flavonoids biosynthesis. In this paper, we screened candidate genes of multigene families involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways based on an analysis of genome and transcriptome sequence data. The authenticity of candidate genes was verified by PCR cloning, and their function was validated by reverse genetic methods. In the present study, 36 genes from 12 gene families were identified and were accessed in the NCBI database. During this process, some intron retention events of the CsCHI and CsDFR genes were found. Furthermore, the transcriptome sequencing of various tea tissues and subcellular location assays revealed coexpression and colocalization patterns. The correlation analysis showed that CsCHIc, CsF3'H, and CsANRb expression levels are associated significantly with the concentration of soluble PA as well as the expression levels of CsPALc and CsPALf with the concentration of insoluble PA. This work provides insights into catechins metabolism in tea and provides a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yingling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Xinlong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yumei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
- School of Biological and Food Engineering , Suzhou University , 49 Middle Bianhe Road , Suzhou , 234000 Anhui , China
| | - Mingzhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biochemistry and Utilization , Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036 , China
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12
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Berardi AE, Fields PD, Abbate JL, Taylor DR. Elevational divergence and clinal variation in floral color and leaf chemistry in Silene vulgaris. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1508-23. [PMID: 27519429 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF STUDY Environmental heterogeneity over a species range can lead to divergent selection among populations, leading to phenotypic differences. The plant flavonoid pathway controls key reproductive and defense-related traits and responds to selection and environmental stressors, allowing for hypotheses about phenotypic divergence across environmental gradients. We hypothesized that with increasing elevation, more flavonoids would be produced as a response to increased UV radiation and that plants would be better defended against herbivores. METHODS We measured floral color, flavonoids, and herbivory in natural populations of Silene vulgaris (Caryophyllaceae) along elevational transects in the French Alps. We correlated phenotypes with environmental variables and calculated genotypic divergence (FST) to compare with phenotypic divergence (PST). KEY RESULTS We found significant phenotypic variation in S. vulgaris along elevational gradients. Strong positive correlations were observed between floral color, leaf non-anthocyanidin flavonoid concentration, and elevation. Floral anthocyanin and leaf non-anthocyanidin flavonoid phenotypes negatively covaried with temperature and precipitation seasonality. Comparisons of PST to FST provided evidence for stabilizing selection on floral color among transects and divergent selection along the elevational gradient. CONCLUSIONS Flavonoid production increases along elevational gradients in S. vulgaris, with clinal variation in calyx anthocyanins and increasing leaf non-anthocyanin flavonoid concentrations. Despite the photoprotective and antiherbivore properties of some flavonoids, flavonoid production in flowers and leaves was correlated with population microclimatic variables: temperature and precipitation. Taken together, the results suggest that different flavonoid groups are targeted by selection in different tissues and provide evidence for divergent patterns of selection for flavonoids between high and low elevations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Berardi
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328 USA
| | - Peter D Fields
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328 USA
| | - Jessica L Abbate
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328 USA
| | - Douglas R Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400328, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4328 USA
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13
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Zhu JH, Li HL, Guo D, Wang Y, Dai HF, Mei WL, Peng SQ. Transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of glutathione S-transferase genes involved in flavonoids accumulation in Dracaena cambodiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 104:304-11. [PMID: 27208821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dragon's blood is a traditional medicine widely used in the world, and the main components of which are flavonoids. However, little is known about its formation mechanism. Previous studies indicate that plant glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes are involved in transportation of flavonoids from cytosolic synthesis to vacuolar accumulation. In this study, 20 Dracaena cambodiana GST genes (DcGSTs) were identified based on transcriptome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 20 DcGSTs belonged to seven different classes. Tissue-specific expression analysis suggested that DcGSTs displayed differential expressions either in their transcript abundance or expression patterns under normal growth conditions. The transcript profiles of three DcGSTs in response to the inducer of dragon's blood were strongly correlated with flavonoids biosynthetic genes, consistent with dragon's blood accumulation. Our survey provides useful information for future studies on GST genes involved in dragon's blood formation in D. cambodiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hui-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wen-Li Mei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Shi-Qing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
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14
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Bascuñán-Godoy L, Reguera M, Abdel-Tawab YM, Blumwald E. Water deficit stress-induced changes in carbon and nitrogen partitioning in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. PLANTA 2016; 243:591-603. [PMID: 26560134 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit stress followed by re-watering during grain filling resulted in the induction of the ornithine pathway and in changes in Quinoa grain quality. The genetic diversity of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Quinoa) is accompanied by an outstanding environmental adaptability and high nutritional properties of the grains. However, little is known about the biochemical and physiological mechanisms associated with the abiotic stress tolerance of Quinoa. Here, we characterized carbon and nitrogen metabolic changes in Quinoa leaves and grains in response to water deficit stress analyzing their impact on the grain quality of two lowland ecotypes (Faro and BO78). Differences in the stress recovery response were found between genotypes including changes in the activity of nitrogen assimilation-associated enzymes that resulted in differences in grain quality. Both genotypes showed a common strategy to overcome water stress including the stress-induced synthesis of reactive oxygen species scavengers and osmolytes. Particularly, water deficit stress induced the stimulation of the ornithine and raffinose pathways. Our results would suggest that the regulation of C- and N partitioning in Quinoa during grain filling could be used for the improvement of the grain quality without altering grain yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bascuñán-Godoy
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Consorcio: Universidad de La Serena, INIA Intihuasi, Universidad Católica del Norte, Casilla 599, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Maria Reguera
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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15
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Karlsson PM, Herdean A, Adolfsson L, Beebo A, Nziengui H, Irigoyen S, Ünnep R, Zsiros O, Nagy G, Garab G, Aronsson H, Versaw WK, Spetea C. The Arabidopsis thylakoid transporter PHT4;1 influences phosphate availability for ATP synthesis and plant growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:99-110. [PMID: 26255788 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis phosphate transporter PHT4;1 was previously localized to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Here we investigated the physiological consequences of the absence of PHT4;1 for photosynthesis and plant growth. In standard growth conditions, two independent Arabidopsis knockout mutant lines displayed significantly reduced leaf size and biomass but normal phosphorus content. When mutants were grown in high-phosphate conditions, the leaf phosphorus levels increased and the growth phenotype was suppressed. Photosynthetic measurements indicated that in the absence of PHT4;1 stromal phosphate was reduced to levels that limited ATP synthase activity. This resulted in reduced CO2 fixation and accumulation of soluble sugars, limiting plant growth. The mutants also displayed faster induction of non-photochemical quenching than the wild type, in line with the increased contribution of ΔpH to the proton-motive force across thylakoids. Small-angle neutron scattering showed a smaller lamellar repeat distance, whereas circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated a perturbed long-range order of photosystem II (PSII) complexes in the mutant thylakoids. The absence of PHT4;1 did not alter the PSII repair cycle, as indicated by wild-type levels of phosphorylation of PSII proteins, inactivation and D1 protein degradation. Interestingly, the expression of genes for several thylakoid proteins was downregulated in the mutants, but the relative levels of the corresponding proteins were either not affected or could not be discerned. Based on these data, we propose that PHT4;1 plays an important role in chloroplast phosphate compartmentation and ATP synthesis, which affect plant growth. It also maintains the ionic environment of thylakoids, which affects the macro-organization of complexes and induction of photoprotective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik M Karlsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Lisa Adolfsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Azeez Beebo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Hugues Nziengui
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Sonia Irigoyen
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258, TAMU College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Renáta Ünnep
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Ottó Zsiros
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Box 521, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Box 521, Szeged, H-6701, Hungary
| | - Henrik Aronsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Wayne K Versaw
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258, TAMU College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
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16
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Hong Y, Tang X, Huang H, Zhang Y, Dai S. Transcriptomic analyses reveal species-specific light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:202. [PMID: 25887322 PMCID: PMC4404602 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flower colour of agricultural products is very important for their commercial value, which is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Light is one of the key environmental factors that affect the anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, the deep molecular mechanism remains elusive, and many problems regarding the phenotypic change and the corresponding gene regulation are still unclear. In the present study, Chrysanthemum × morifolium 'Purple Reagan', a light-responding pigmentation cultivar, was selected to investigate the mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis using transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Only cyanidin derivatives were identified based on the analyses of the pigmentation in ray florets. Shading experiments revealed that the capitulum was the key organ and that its bud stage was the key phase responding to light. These results were used to design five libraries for transcriptomic analyses, including three capitulum developmental stages and two light conditions. RNA sequences were de novo assembled into 103,517 unigenes, of which 60,712 were annotated against four public protein databases. As many as 2,135 unigenes were differentially expressed between the light and dark libraries with 923 up-regulated and 1,212 down-regulated unigenes in response to shading. Next, interactive pathway analysis showed that the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was the only complete metabolic pathway both modulated in response to light and related to capitulum development. Following the shading treatment, nearly all structural genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were down-regulated. Moreover, three CmMYB genes and one CmbHLH gene were identified as key transcription factors that might participate in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis under light conditions based on clustering analysis and validation by RT-qPCR. Finally, a light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in chrysanthemums was inferred. CONCLUSION The pigmentation of the ray florets of chrysanthemum cultivar 'Purple Reagan' is dependent on light. During the light-induced pigmentation process, the expression of seven structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (regulated by at least four transcription factors in response to light) are the main contributors to the pigmentation of chrysanthemums. This information will further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hong
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xingjiao Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - He Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Silan Dai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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17
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Li Q, Wang J, Sun HY, Shang X. Flower color patterning in pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) is caused by the differential expression of three genes from the anthocyanin pathway in acyanic and cyanic flower areas. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:134-141. [PMID: 25270164 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The petals of pansy (Viola × wittrockiana Gams.) 'Mengdie' exhibit a cyanic blotched pigmentation pattern. The accumulation of anthocyanins, cyanidin and delphinidin, was detected in the upper epidermal cells of the cyanic blotches. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which cyanic blotches are formed in pansy petal, the expression level of genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis was measured and compared between cyanic blotches and acyanic areas of the flower. The use of primers in conserved regions allowed the successful isolation of six cDNA clones encoding putative anthocyanin enzymes from pansy petals. The clones isolated encoded chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). The transcription patterns of seven genes (VwCHS, VwCHI, VwF3H, VwF3'H, VwDFR, VwF3'5'H, and VwANS) in cyanic blotches and acyanic areas of the petals at seven stages of flower development were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Transcription of VwF3'5'H, VwDFR and VwANS was significantly increased in cyanic blotches at stages III-V of flower development, implicating these genes in the pigmentation of Viola × wittrockiana Gams. petals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China; College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China; College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China; College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiao Shang
- Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Hainan University, Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China; College of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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18
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Licciardello C, D’Agostino N, Traini A, Recupero GR, Frusciante L, Chiusano ML. Characterization of the glutathione S-transferase gene family through ESTs and expression analyses within common and pigmented cultivars of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:39. [PMID: 24490620 PMCID: PMC3922800 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) represent a ubiquitous gene family encoding detoxification enzymes able to recognize reactive electrophilic xenobiotic molecules as well as compounds of endogenous origin. Anthocyanin pigments require GSTs for their transport into the vacuole since their cytoplasmic retention is toxic to the cell. Anthocyanin accumulation in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck fruit flesh determines different phenotypes affecting the typical pigmentation of Sicilian blood oranges. In this paper we describe: i) the characterization of the GST gene family in C. sinensis through a systematic EST analysis; ii) the validation of the EST assembly by exploiting the genome sequences of C. sinensis and C. clementina and their genome annotations; iii) GST gene expression profiling in six tissues/organs and in two different sweet orange cultivars, Cadenera (common) and Moro (pigmented). RESULTS We identified 61 GST transcripts, described the full- or partial-length nature of the sequences and assigned to each sequence the GST class membership exploiting a comparative approach and the classification scheme proposed for plant species. A total of 23 full-length sequences were defined. Fifty-four of the 61 transcripts were successfully aligned to the C. sinensis and C. clementina genomes. Tissue specific expression profiling demonstrated that the expression of some GST transcripts was 'tissue-affected' and cultivar specific. A comparative analysis of C. sinensis GSTs with those from other plant species was also considered. Data from the current analysis are accessible at http://biosrv.cab.unina.it/citrusGST/, with the aim to provide a reference resource for C. sinensis GSTs. CONCLUSIONS This study aimed at the characterization of the GST gene family in C. sinensis. Based on expression patterns from two different cultivars and on sequence-comparative analyses, we also highlighted that two sequences, a Phi class GST and a Mapeg class GST, could be involved in the conjugation of anthocyanin pigments and in their transport into the vacuole, specifically in fruit flesh of the pigmented cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Licciardello
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee (CRA-ACM), Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di ricerca per l'Orticoltura (CRA-ORT), via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Reforgiato Recupero
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura - Centro di ricerca per l'Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee (CRA-ACM), Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Frusciante
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
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