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Xia G, Zhou G, Jiang W, Chu C, Wang L, Moorthy B. Attenuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)-Induced Carcinogenesis and Tumorigenesis by Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3781. [PMID: 38612589 PMCID: PMC11012139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A and 1B1 to DNA-reactive metabolites, which could lead to mutations in critical genes, eventually resulting in cancer. Omega-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are beneficial against cancers. In this investigation, we elucidated the mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA will attenuate PAH-DNA adducts and lung carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis mediated by the PAHs BP and MC. Adult wild-type (WT) (A/J) mice, Cyp1a1-null, Cyp1a2-null, or Cyp1b1-null mice were exposed to PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (BP) or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), and the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on PAH-mediated lung carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis were studied. The major findings were as follows: (i) omega-3 fatty acids significantly decreased PAH-DNA adducts in the lungs of each of the genotypes studied; (ii) decreases in PAH-DNA adduct levels by EPA/DHA was in part due to inhibition of CYP1B1; (iii) inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enhanced the EPA/DHA-mediated prevention of pulmonary carcinogenesis; and (iv) EPA/DHA attenuated PAH-mediated carcinogenesis in part by epigenetic mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids have the potential to be developed as cancer chemo-preventive agents in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Xia
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Chun Chu
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihua Wang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Childrens’ Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (G.X.); (W.J.); (C.C.); (L.W.)
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Deans JR, Deol P, Titova N, Radi SH, Vuong LM, Evans JR, Pan S, Fahrmann J, Yang J, Hammock BD, Fiehn O, Fekry B, Eckel-Mahan K, Sladek FM. HNF4α isoforms regulate the circadian balance between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1266527. [PMID: 38111711 PMCID: PMC10726135 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1266527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α (HNF4α), a master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, is regulated by two promoters (P1 and P2) which drive the expression of different isoforms. P1-HNF4α is the major isoform in the adult liver while P2-HNF4α is thought to be expressed only in fetal liver and liver cancer. Here, we show that P2-HNF4α is indeed expressed in the normal adult liver at Zeitgeber time (ZT)9 and ZT21. Using exon swap mice that express only P2-HNF4α we show that this isoform orchestrates a distinct transcriptome and metabolome via unique chromatin and protein-protein interactions, including with different clock proteins at different times of the day leading to subtle differences in circadian gene regulation. Furthermore, deletion of the Clock gene alters the circadian oscillation of P2- (but not P1-)HNF4α RNA, revealing a complex feedback loop between the HNF4α isoforms and the hepatic clock. Finally, we demonstrate that while P1-HNF4α drives gluconeogenesis, P2-HNF4α drives ketogenesis and is required for elevated levels of ketone bodies in female mice. Taken together, we propose that the highly conserved two-promoter structure of the Hnf4a gene is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to maintain the balance between gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in the liver in a circadian fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Deans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Poonamjot Deol
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Nina Titova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sarah H. Radi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Linh M. Vuong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jane R. Evans
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Songqin Pan
- Proteomics Core, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Johannes Fahrmann
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- National Institutes of Health West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Baharan Fekry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frances M. Sladek
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
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Shen Q, Yang J, Zamora D, Horowitz M, Faurot KR, MacIntosh BA, Mann JD, Hammock BD, Ramsden CE, Taha AY. Associations between Plasma Lipid Mediators and Chronic Daily Headache Outcomes in Patients Randomized to a Low Linoleic Acid Diet with or without Added Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Metabolites 2023; 13:690. [PMID: 37367848 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous report showed that 12-week lowering of dietary omega-6 linoleic acid (LA) coupled with increased omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake (H3-L6 diet) reduced headache frequency and improved quality of life in patients with chronic daily headaches (CDHs) compared to dietary LA reduction alone (L6 diet). The trial also showed that targeted dietary manipulation alters PUFA-derived lipid mediators and endocannabinoids. However, several additional classes of lipid mediators associated with pain in preclinical models were not measured. The current secondary analysis investigated whether the clinical benefits of the H3-L6 diet were related to changes in plasma unesterified PUFA-derived lipid mediators known to be involved in nociception, including prostanoids. Lipid mediators were measured by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. Compared to baseline, dietary LA lowering with or without added omega-3 fatty acids did not alter unesterified n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators, although several species derived from LA, di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid were positively associated with headache frequency and intensity, as well as mental health burden. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-derived metabolites were also associated with increased headache frequency and intensity, although they did not change from the baseline in either dietary group. Compared to baseline, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived epoxides were more elevated in the H3-L6 group compared to the L6 group. Diet-induced elevations in plasma DHA-epoxides were associated with reduced headache frequency, better physical and mental health, and improved quality of life (p < 0.05). Prostanoids were not detected, except for PGF2-alpha, which was not associated with any outcomes. This study demonstrates that diet-induced changes in DHA-epoxides were associated with pain reduction in patients with chronic headaches, whereas n-6 PUFA and ALA metabolites were associated with nociception. Lipid mediator associations with mental health and quality of life paralleled pain management outcomes in this population. The findings point to a network of multiple diet-modifiable lipid mediator targets for pain management in individuals with CDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark Horowitz
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Beth A MacIntosh
- Nutrition Research and Metabolism Core, North Carolina Translational Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - J Douglas Mann
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology & UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- Lipid Peroxidation Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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COX-2/sEH Dual Inhibitor Alleviates Hepatocyte Senescence in NAFLD Mice by Restoring Autophagy through Sirt1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158267. [PMID: 35897843 PMCID: PMC9332821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that the disorder of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)/cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated arachidonic acid (ARA) metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. However, the exact mechanism has not been elucidated. Accumulating evidence points to the essential role of cellular senescence in NAFLD. Herein, we investigated whether restoring the balance of sEH/COX-2-mediated ARA metabolism attenuated NAFLD via hepatocyte senescence. A promised dual inhibitor of sEH and COX-2, PTUPB, was used in our study to restore the balance of sEH/COX-2-mediated ARA metabolism. In vivo, NAFLD was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) using C57BL/6J mice. In vitro, mouse hepatocytes (AML12) and mouse hepatic astrocytes (JS1) were used to investigate the effects of PTUPB on palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte senescence and its mechanism. PTUPB alleviated liver injury, decreased collagen and lipid accumulation, restored glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic triglyceride levels in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. Importantly, PTUPB significantly reduced the expression of liver senescence-related molecules p16, p53, and p21 in HFD mice. In vitro, the protein levels of γH2AX, p53, p21, COX-2, and sEH were increased in AML12 hepatocytes treated with PA, while Ki67 and PCNA were significantly decreased. PTUPB decreased the lipid content, the number of β-gal positive cells, and the expression of p53, p21, and γH2AX proteins in AML12 cells. Meanwhile, PTUPB reduced the activation of hepatic astrocytes JS1 by slowing the senescence of AML12 cells in a co-culture system. It was further observed that PTUPB enhanced the ratio of autophagy-related protein LC3II/I in AML12 cells, up-regulated the expression of Fundc1 protein, reduced p62 protein, and suppressed hepatocyte senescence. In addition, PTUPB enhanced hepatocyte autophagy by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through Sirt1, contributing to the suppression of senescence. PTUPB inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway through Sirt1, improves autophagy, slows down the senescence of hepatocytes, and alleviates NAFLD.
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Montecillo-Aguado M, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Antonio-Andres G, Morales-Martinez M, Tong Z, Yang J, Hammock BD, Hernandez-Pando R, Huerta-Yepez S. Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Tumor Aggressiveness in Experimental Lung Cancer Model: Important Role of Oxylipins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6179. [PMID: 35682855 PMCID: PMC9181584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death worldwide; it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and bears poor prognosis. It has been shown that diet is an important environmental factor that contributes to the risk and mortality of several types of cancers. Intake of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs plays an important role in cancer risk and progression. Current Western populations have high consumption of ω-6 PUFAs with a ratio of ω-6/ω-3 PUFAs at 15:1 to 16.7:1 This high consumption of ω-6 PUFAs is related to increased cancer risk and progression. However, whether a diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs can contribute to tumor aggressiveness has not been well investigated. We used a murine model of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma to study the aggressiveness of tumors in mice fed with a diet rich in ω-6 PUFAs and its relationship with oxylipins. Our results shown that the mice fed a diet rich in ω-6 showed a marked increase in proliferation, angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory markers and decreased expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in their tumors. Oxylipin profiling revealed an upregulation of various pro-tumoral oxylipins including PGs, HETEs, DiHETrEs and HODEs. These results demonstrate for the first time that high intake of ω-6 PUFAs in the diet enhances the malignancy of tumor cells by histological changes on tumor dedifferentiation and increases cell proliferation, angiogenesis, pro-inflammatory oxylipins and molecular aggressiveness targets such as NF-κB p65, YY1, COX-2 and TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Belen Tirado-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Gabriela Antonio-Andres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Mario Morales-Martinez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Zhen Tong
- Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program and Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Y.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.Y.); (B.D.H.)
| | - Rogelio Hernandez-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran (INCNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (B.T.-R.); (G.A.-A.); (M.M.-M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Iyer MR, Kundu B, Wood CM. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors: an overview and patent review from the last decade. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:629-647. [PMID: 35410559 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2054329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological effects mediated by the CYP450 arm of arachidonate cascade implicate the enzyme-soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in hydrolyzing anti-inflammatory epoxy fatty acids to pro-inflammatory diols. Hence, inhibiting the sEH offers a therapeutic approach to treating inflammatory diseases. Over three decades of work has shown the role of sEH inhibitors (sEHis) in treating various disorders in rodents and larger veterinary subjects. Novel chemical strategies to enhance the efficacy of sEHi have now appeared. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive review of patent literature related to soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in the last decade (2010-2021) is provided. EXPERT OPINION Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an important enzyme that metabolizes the bioactive epoxy fatty acids (EFAs) in the arachidonic acid signaling pathway and converts them to vicinal diols, which appear to be pro-inflammatory. Inhibition of sEH hence offers a mechanism to increase in vivo epoxyeicosanoid levels and resolve pro-inflammatory pathways in disease states. Significant efforts in the field have led to potent single target as well as multi-target inhibitors with promising in vitro and widely encompassing in vivo activities. Successful clinical translation of compounds targeting sEH inhibition will further validate the promised therapeutic potential of this pathway in treating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Biswajit Kundu
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Casey M Wood
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
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Gowler PRW, Turnbull J, Shahtaheri M, Gohir S, Kelly T, McReynolds C, Yang J, Jha RR, Fernandes GS, Zhang W, Doherty M, Walsh DA, Hammock BD, Valdes AM, Barrett DA, Chapman V. Clinical and Preclinical Evidence for Roles of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Osteoarthritis Knee Pain. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:623-633. [PMID: 34672113 PMCID: PMC8957539 DOI: 10.1002/art.42000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) is a major clinical problem, and existing analgesics often have limited beneficial effects and/or adverse effects, necessitating the development of novel therapies. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous antiinflammatory mediators, rapidly metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (EH) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). We undertook this study to assess whether soluble EH-driven metabolism of EETs to DHETs plays a critical role in chronic joint pain associated with OA and provides a new target for treatment. METHODS Potential associations of chronic knee pain with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene-encoding soluble EH and with circulating levels of EETs and DHETs were investigated in human subjects. A surgically induced murine model of OA was used to determine the effects of both acute and chronic selective inhibition of soluble EH by N-[1-(1-oxopropy)-4-piperidinyl]-N'-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-urea (TPPU) on weight-bearing asymmetry, hind paw withdrawal thresholds, joint histology, and circulating concentrations of EETs and DHETs. RESULTS In human subjects with chronic knee pain, 3 pain measures were associated with SNPs of the soluble EH gene EPHX2, and in 2 separate cohorts of subjects, circulating levels of EETs and DHETs were also associated with 3 pain measures. In the murine OA model, systemic administration of TPPU both acutely and chronically reversed established pain behaviors and decreased circulating levels of 8,9-DHET and 14,15-DHET. EET levels were unchanged by TPPU administration. CONCLUSION Our novel findings support a role of soluble EH in OA pain and suggest that inhibition of soluble EH and protection of endogenous EETs from catabolism represents a potential new therapeutic target for OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. W. Gowler
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turnbull
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences. University of Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohsen Shahtaheri
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Sameer Gohir
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Tony Kelly
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Rakesh R. Jha
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences. University of Nottingham, UK
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Gwen S. Fernandes
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Doherty
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - David A. Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ana. M. Valdes
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - David A. Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy. University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences. University of Nottingham, UK
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Wan D, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Yang J. A Fast and Selective Approach for Profiling Vicinal Diols Using Liquid Chromatography-Post Column Derivatization-Double Precursor Ion Scanning Mass Spectrometry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010283. [PMID: 35011515 PMCID: PMC8747065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vicinal diols are important signaling metabolites of various inflammatory diseases, and some of them are potential biomarkers for some diseases. Utilizing the rapid reaction between diol and 6-bromo-3-pyridinylboronic acid (BPBA), a selective and sensitive approach was established to profile these vicinal diols using liquid chromatography-post column derivatization coupled with double precursor ion scan-mass spectrometry (LC-PCD-DPIS-MS). After derivatization, all BPBA-vicinal-diol esters gave a pair of characteristic isotope ions resulting from 79Br and 81Br. The unique isotope pattern generated two characteristic fragment ions of m/z 200 and 202. Compared to a traditional offline derivatization technique, the new LC-PCD-DPIS-MS method retained the capacity of LC separation. In addition, it is more sensitive and selective than a full scan MS method. As an application, an in vitro study of the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids by human soluble epoxide hydrolase was tested. These vicinal-diol metabolites of individual regioisomers from different types of polyunsaturated fatty acids were easily identified. The limit of detection (LOD) reached as low as 25 nM. The newly developed LC-PCD-DPIS-MS method shows significant advantages in improving the selectivity and therefore can be employed as a powerful tool for profiling vicinal-diol compounds from biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Yang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-752-5109
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Martín-López J, Codony S, Bartra C, Morisseau C, Loza MI, Sanfeliu C, Hammock BD, Brea J, Vázquez S. 2-(Piperidin-4-yl)acetamides as Potent Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase with Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121323. [PMID: 34959721 PMCID: PMC8703317 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been suggested as a potential therapy for the treatment of pain and inflammatory diseases through the stabilization of endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Numerous potent sEH inhibitors (sEHI) have been developed, however many contain highly lipophilic substituents limiting their availability. Recently, a new series of benzohomoadamantane-based ureas endowed with potent inhibitory activity for the human and murine sEH was reported. However, their very low microsomal stability prevented further development. Herein, a new series of benzohomoadamantane-based amides were synthetized, fully characterized, and evaluated as sEHI. Most of these amides were endowed with excellent inhibitory potencies. A selected compound displayed anti-inflammatory effects with higher effectiveness than the reference sEHI, TPPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martín-López
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l′Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.-L.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l′Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.-L.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Bartra
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC and IDIBAPS, C/Roselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, CIMUS Research Center, Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), CSIC and IDIBAPS, C/Roselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.M.); (B.D.H.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - José Brea
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, CIMUS Research Center, Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (S.V.); Tel.: +34-881-815-459 (J.B.); +34-934-024-533 (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l′Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.M.-L.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27–31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (S.V.); Tel.: +34-881-815-459 (J.B.); +34-934-024-533 (S.V.)
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10
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Welch BM, Keil AP, Bommarito PA, van T' Erve TJ, Deterding LJ, Williams JG, Lih FB, Cantonwine DE, McElrath TF, Ferguson KK. Longitudinal exposure to consumer product chemicals and changes in plasma oxylipins in pregnant women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106787. [PMID: 34314981 PMCID: PMC8490329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to consumer product chemicals during pregnancy may increase susceptibility to pregnancy disorders by influencing maternal inflammation. However, effects on specific inflammatory pathways have not been well characterized. Oxylipins are a diverse class of lipids that act as important mediators and biomarkers of several biological pathways that regulate inflammation. Adverse pregnancy outcomes have been associated with circulating oxylipin levels in pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to determine the longitudinal associations between plasma oxylipins and urinary biomarkers of three classes of consumer product chemicals among pregnant women. METHODS Data come from a study of 90 pregnant women nested within the LIFECODES cohort. Maternal plasma and urine were collected at three prenatal visits. Plasma was analyzed for 61 oxylipins, which were grouped according to biosynthetic pathways that we defined by upstream: 1) fatty acid precursor, including linoleic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, or eicosapentaenoic acid; and 2) enzyme pathway, including cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), or cytochrome P450 (CYP). Urine was analyzed for 12 phenol, 12 phthalate, and 9 organophosphate ester (OPE) biomarkers. Linear mixed effect models were used for single-pollutant analyses. We implemented a novel extension of quantile g-computation for longitudinal data to examine the joint effect of class-specific chemical mixtures on individual plasma oxylipin concentrations. RESULTS We found that urinary biomarkers of consumer product chemicals were positively associated with pro-inflammatory oxylipins from several biosynthetic pathways. Importantly, these associations depended upon the chemical class of exposure biomarker. We estimated positive associations between urinary phenol biomarkers and oxylipins produced from arachidonic acid by LOX enzymes, including several important pro-inflammatory hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). On average, mean concentrations of oxylipin produced from the arachidonic acid/LOX pathway were 48%-71% higher per quartile increase in the phenol biomarker mixture. For example, a simultaneous quartile increase in all urinary phenols was associated with 53% higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11%, 111%) concentrations of 12-HETE. The positive associations among phenols were primarily driven by methyl paraben, 2,5-dichlorophenol, and triclosan. Additionally, we observed that phthalate and OPE metabolites were associated with higher concentrations of oxylipins produced from linoleic acid by CYP enzymes, including the pro-inflammatory dihydroxy-octadecenoic acids (DiHOMEs). Associations among DiHOME oxylipins were driven by metabolites of benzylbutyl and di-isodecyl phthalate, and by the metabolite of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate among OPEs. We also observed inverse associations between phthalate and OPE metabolites and oxylipins produced from other pathways; however, adjusting for a plasma indicator of dietary fatty acid intake attenuated those results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the hypothesis that consumer product chemicals may have diverse impacts on inflammation processes in pregnancy. Certain pro-inflammatory oxylipins were generally higher among participants with higher urinary chemical biomarker concentrations. Associations varied by class of chemical and by the biosynthetic pathway of oxylipin production, indicating potential specificity in the inflammatory effects of these environmental chemicals during pregnancy that warrant investigation in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett M Welch
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), United States
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, United States
| | - Paige A Bommarito
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), United States
| | | | | | - Jason G Williams
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, NIEHS, United States
| | - Fred B Lih
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Support Group, NIEHS, United States
| | - David E Cantonwine
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Thomas F McElrath
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Kelly K Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), United States.
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11
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Hopster K, Driessen B. Pharmacology of the Equine Foot: Medical Pain Management for Laminitis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2021; 37:549-561. [PMID: 34674911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in managing laminitis in horses remains the control of pain. The best analgesic approach is a multimodal approach, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids, and/or constant rate infusions of α-2 agonists, ketamine, and lidocaine. Recent literature indicates that amitriptyline and soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor might be beneficial. Clinically oriented studies will be needed if they have a place in laminitis pain management. The systemic pain control can be combined with local techniques such as long-acting local anesthetics or epidural catheterization that allows for administration of potent analgesic therapy with a lower risk of negative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Hopster
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
| | - Bernd Driessen
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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12
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Liu T, Li T, Chen X, Li Z, Feng M, Yao W, Wan L, Zhang C, Zhang Y. EETs/sEHi alleviates nociception by blocking the crosslink between endoplasmic reticulum stress and neuroinflammation in a central poststroke pain model. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:211. [PMID: 34530836 PMCID: PMC8447610 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is a chronic and intolerable neuropathic pain syndrome following a cerebral vascular insult, which negatively impacts the quality of life of stroke survivors but currently lacks efficacious treatments. Though its underlying mechanism remains unclear, clinical features of hyperalgesia and allodynia indicate central sensitization due to excessive neuroinflammation. Recently, the crosslink between neuroinflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been identified in diverse types of diseases. Nevertheless, whether this interaction contributes to pain development remains unanswered. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs)/soluble epoxy hydrolase inhibitors (sEHi) are emerging targets that play a significant role in pain and neuroinflammatory regulation. Moreover, recent studies have revealed that EETs are effective in attenuating ER stress. In this study, we hypothesized that ER stress around the stroke site may activate glial cells and lead to further inflammatory cascades, which constitute a positive feedback loop resulting in central sensitization and CPSP. Additionally, we tested whether EETs/sEHi could attenuate CPSP by suppressing ER stress and neuroinflammation, as well as their vicious cycle, in a rat model of CPSP. Methods Young male SD rats were used to induce CPSP using a model of thalamic hemorrhage and were then treated with TPPU (sEHi) alone or in combination with 14,15-EET or 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (14,15-EEZE, the EET antagonist), tunicamycin (Tm, ER stress inducer), or 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor). Nociceptive behaviors, ER stress markers, JNK and p38 (two well-recognized inflammatory kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling) expression, and glial cell activation were assessed. In addition, some healthy rats were intrathalamically microinjected with Tm or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to test the interaction between ER stress and neuroinflammation in central pain. Results Analysis of the perithalamic lesion tissue from the brain of CPSP rats demonstrated decreased soluble epoxy hydrolase (sEH) expression, which was accompanied by increased expression of ER stress markers, including BIP, p-IRE, p-PERK, and ATF6. In addition, inflammatory kinases (p-p38 and p-JNK) were upregulated and glial cells were activated. Intrathalamic injection of sEHi (TPPU) increased the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT), reduced hallmarks of ER stress and MAPK signaling, and restrained the activation of microglia and astrocytes around the lesion site. However, the analgesic effect of TPPU was completely abolished by 14,15-EEZE. Moreover, microinjection of Tm into the thalamic ventral posterior lateral (VPL) nucleus of healthy rats induced mechanical allodynia and activated MAPK-mediated neuroinflammatory signaling; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration led to activation of ER stress along the injected site in healthy rats. Conclusions The present study provides evidence that the interaction between ER stress and neuroinflammation is involved in the mechanism of CPSP. Combined with the previously reported EET/sEHi effects on antinociception and neuroprotection, therapy with agents that target EET signaling may serve as a multi-functional approach in central neuropathic pain by attenuating ER stress, excessive neuroinflammation, and subsequent central sensitization. The use of these agents within a proper time window could not only curtail further nerve injury but also produce an analgesic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuofan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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13
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McReynolds CB, Yang J, Guedes A, Morisseau C, Garcia R, Knych H, Tearney C, Hamamoto B, Hwang SH, Wagner K, Hammock BD. Species Differences in Metabolism of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor, EC1728, Highlight the Importance of Clinically Relevant Screening Mechanisms in Drug Development. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165034. [PMID: 34443621 PMCID: PMC8399023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few novel therapeutic options available for companion animals, and medications rely heavily on repurposed drugs developed for other species. Considering the diversity of species and breeds in companion animal medicine, comprehensive PK exposures in the companion animal patient is often lacking. The purpose of this paper was to assess the pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous dosing in domesticated animal species (dogs, cats, and horses) of a novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, EC1728, being developed for the treatment of pain in animals. Results: Intravenous and oral administration revealed that bioavailability was similar for dogs, and horses (42 and 50% F) but lower in mice and cats (34 and 8%, respectively). Additionally, clearance was similar between cats and mice, but >2× faster in cats vs. dogs and horses. Efficacy with EC1728 has been demonstrated in mice, dogs, and horses, and despite the rapid clearance of EC1728 in cats, analgesic efficacy was demonstrated in an acute pain model after intravenous but not oral dosing. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that exposures across species can vary, and investigation of therapeutic exposures in target species is needed to provide adequate care that addresses efficacy and avoids toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B. McReynolds
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alonso Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
| | - Roberto Garcia
- Dechra Development LLC, 1 Monument Sq, Portland, ME 04101, USA;
| | - Heather Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Caitlin Tearney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Briana Hamamoto
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-752-8465
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14
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Endocannabinoids and aging-Inflammation, neuroplasticity, mood and pain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:129-172. [PMID: 33706946 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in hormones, slowing of metabolism, diminished physiological processes, chronic inflammation and high exposure to oxidative stress factors, generally described as the biological cost of living. Lifestyle interventions of diet and exercise can improve the quality of life during aging and lower diet-related chronic disease. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has important effects on systemic metabolism and physiological systems, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Exercise can reduce the loss of muscle mass and improve strength, and increase the levels of endocannabinoids (eCB) in brain and blood. Although the ECS exerts controls on multiple systems throughout life it affords benefits to natural aging. The eCB are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the primary ones are produced from arachidonic acid (n-6 PUFA) and others from the n-3 PUFA, namely eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. The eCB ligands bind to their receptors, CB1 and CB2, with effects on appetite stimulation, metabolism, immune functions, and brain physiology and neuroplasticity. Dietary families of PUFA are a primary factor that can influence the types and levels of eCB and as a consequence, the downstream actions when the ligands bind to their receptors. Furthermore, the association of eCB with the synthesis of oxylipins (OxL) is a connection between the physiological actions of eCB and the lipid derived immunological OxL mediators of inflammation. OxL are ubiquitous and influence neuroinflammation and inflammatory processes. The emerging actions of eCB on neuroplasticity, well-being and pain are important to aging. Herein, we present information about the ECS and its components, how exercise and diet affects specific eCB, their role in neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, pain, mood, and relationship to OxL. Poor nutrition status and low nutrient intakes observed with many elderly are reasons to examine the role of dietary PUFA actions on the ECS to improve health.
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15
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Wang Y, Wagner KM, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Inhibition of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as an Analgesic Strategy: A Review of Preclinical Evidence. J Pain Res 2021; 14:61-72. [PMID: 33488116 PMCID: PMC7814236 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s241893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complicated condition which causes substantial physical, emotional, and financial impacts on individuals and society. However, due to high cost, lack of efficacy and safety problems, current treatments are insufficient. There is a clear unmet medical need for safe, nonaddictive and effective therapies in the management of pain. Epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs), which are natural signaling molecules, play key roles in mediation of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain sensation. However, their molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) rapidly converts EpFAs into less bioactive fatty acid diols in vivo; therefore, inhibition of sEH is an emerging therapeutic target to enhance the beneficial effect of natural EpFAs. In this review, we will discuss sEH inhibition as an analgesic strategy for pain management and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Johnson EC, Demontis D, Thorgeirsson TE, Walters RK, Polimanti R, Hatoum AS, Sanchez-Roige S, Paul SE, Wendt FR, Clarke TK, Lai D, Reginsson GW, Zhou H, He J, Baranger DAA, Gudbjartsson DF, Wedow R, Adkins DE, Adkins AE, Alexander J, Bacanu SA, Bigdeli TB, Boden J, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Corley RP, Degenhardt L, Dick DM, Domingue BW, Fox L, Goate AM, Gordon SD, Hack LM, Hancock DB, Hartz SM, Hickie IB, Hougaard DM, Krauter K, Lind PA, McClintick JN, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Montgomery GW, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Nordentoft M, Pearson JF, Peterson RE, Reynolds MD, Rice JP, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Sherva R, Silberg JL, Tarter RE, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Webb BT, Werge T, Wetherill L, Wright MJ, Zellers S, Adams MJ, Bierut LJ, Boardman JD, Copeland WE, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Grucza RA, Harris KM, Heath AC, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Horwood J, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Kendler KS, Kennedy MA, Kranzler HR, Madden PAF, Maes HH, Maher BS, Martin NG, McGue M, McIntosh AM, Medland SE, Nelson EC, Porjesz B, Riley BP, Stallings MC, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Davis LK, Bogdan R, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Stefansson K, Børglum AD, Agrawal A. A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:1032-1045. [PMID: 33096046 PMCID: PMC7674631 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. METHODS To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. FINDINGS We identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10-9) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10-9). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (rg 0·50, p=1·50 × 10-21), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia. INTERPRETATION These findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. FUNDING National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing; The European Commission, Horizon 2020; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (UKRI MRC); The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California; Families for Borderline Personality Disorder Research (Beth and Rob Elliott) 2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant; The National Child Health Research Foundation (Cure Kids); The Canterbury Medical Research Foundation; The New Zealand Lottery Grants Board; The University of Otago; The Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics; The James Hume Bequest Fund; National Institutes of Health: Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; The William T Grant Foundation; Australian Research Council; The Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation; The VISN 1 and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; The 5th Framework Programme (FP-5) GenomEUtwin Project; The Lundbeck Foundation; NIH-funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10RR025141; Clinical Translational Sciences Award grants; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - June He
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- Statistics Department, Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iceland University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeffry Alexander
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychology and Office of Research Affairs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Domingue
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ralph E Tarter
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Zellers
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology, and The Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, and Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Das Mahapatra A, Choubey R, Datta B. Small Molecule Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors in Multitarget and Combination Therapies for Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235488. [PMID: 33255197 PMCID: PMC7727688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) plays a central role in metabolism of bioactive lipid signaling molecules. The substrate-specific hydrolase activity of sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to less bioactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. EETs exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardio-protective and organ-protective properties. Accordingly, sEH inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing a variety of diseases. In this review, we describe small molecule architectures that have been commonly deployed as sEH inhibitors with respect to angiogenesis, inflammation and cancer. We juxtapose commonly used synthetic scaffolds and natural products within the paradigm of a multitarget approach for addressing inflammation and inflammation induced carcinogenesis. Structural insights from the inhibitor complexes and novel strategies for development of sEH-based multitarget inhibitors are also presented. While sEH inhibition is likely to suppress inflammation-induced carcinogenesis, it can also lead to enhanced angiogenesis via increased EET concentrations. In this regard, sEH inhibitors in combination chemotherapy are described. Urea and amide-based architectures feature prominently across multitarget inhibition and combination chemotherapy applications of sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjyoti Das Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (A.D.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rinku Choubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (A.D.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (A.D.M.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +079-2395-2073; Fax: +079-2397-2622
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18
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Sarparast M, Dattmore D, Alan J, Lee KSS. Cytochrome P450 Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3523. [PMID: 33207662 PMCID: PMC7696575 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aging population in the world, neurodegenerative diseases have become a serious public health issue that greatly impacts patients' quality of life and adds a huge economic burden. Even after decades of research, there is no effective curative treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have become an emerging dietary medical intervention for health maintenance and treatment of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research demonstrated that the oxidized metabolites, particularly the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolites, of PUFAs are beneficial to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease; however, their mechanism(s) remains unclear. The endogenous levels of CYP metabolites are greatly affected by our diet, endogenous synthesis, and the downstream metabolism. While the activity of omega-3 (ω-3) CYP PUFA metabolites and omega-6 (ω-6) CYP PUFA metabolites largely overlap, the ω-3 CYP PUFA metabolites are more active in general. In this review, we will briefly summarize recent findings regarding the biosynthesis and metabolism of CYP PUFA metabolites. We will also discuss the potential mechanism(s) of CYP PUFA metabolites in neurodegeneration, which will ultimately improve our understanding of how PUFAs affect neurodegeneration and may identify potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sarparast
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Devon Dattmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jamie Alan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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19
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Ren X, Zhu Y, Xie L, Zhang M, Gao L, He H. Yunnan Baiyao diminishes lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in osteoclasts. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13182. [PMID: 32189353 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY) has been refined for hundreds of years and has become a treasure of proprietary Chinese medicine that has significant curative effects in the field of hemostasis, blood circulation, and callus. In past years, YNBY has been demonstrated to play an anti-inflammatory role in bone-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. However, the osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone and participate in the occurrence, development, and progression of these bone-related diseases. Previous studies have reported that the inflammatory function is closely associated with arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, as well as some inflammatory-related pathways, including the nuclear factor кB (NF-кB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Wnt5a pathways. Therefore, we speculated that the anti-inflammatory effect of YNBY might be associated with the NF-кB, MAPK, and Wnt5a pathways. In order to further excavate the anti-inflammatory roles of YNBY, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an optimal concentration of 1,000 pg/ml was used to induce inflammation in osteoclasts. Our results showed that YNBY with a time- and dose-dependent method decreased the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, 5-lipoxygenase, and prostaglandin E2. Moreover, it was found that COX-2 was the target gene regulated by YNBY. Finally, using NF-кB and MAPK pathway inhibitors or miRNA101b (involved in the Wnt5a pathway) in tandem with YNBY and the results exhibited that these groups caused a reduction in COX-1 and COX-2 expression, indicating that the anti-inflammatory function of YNBY might directly affect the NF-кB, MAPK, and Wnt5a pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY) is mainly extracted from precious Chinese medicines such as Panax notoginseng, borneol, musk, and yam and has a wide range of clinical applications. It is not only used to treat various types of traumatic injuries, but also used for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and wound ulcers, neonatal umbilitis, recurrent oral ulcers, esophagitis, bacterial dysentery, and so on. Although the detailed mechanism of action is not clear at present, it is believed that this is related to its anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and immune-enhancing effects. Many bone-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, are regarded to be intimately related to the inflammatory reaction. Thus, this study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of YNBY at anti-inflammatory roles. And our results suggested that YNBY directly affected the inflammatory cytokines and AA metabolic products which referred to the NF-кB, MAPK, and Wnt5a pathways, as well as AA metabolism, respectively. Hence, the practical applications of YNBY are the anti-inflammatory effects used to treat for bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Digestive System Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liangkun Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihui Gao
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbing He
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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20
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McReynolds C, Morisseau C, Wagner K, Hammock B. Epoxy Fatty Acids Are Promising Targets for Treatment of Pain, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Indications Characterized by Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Stress and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:71-99. [PMID: 32894508 PMCID: PMC7737916 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators resulting from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are controlled by many pathways that regulate the levels of these mediators and maintain homeostasis to prevent disease. PUFA metabolism is driven primarily through three pathways. Two pathways, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymatic pathways, form metabolites that are mostly inflammatory, while the third route of metabolism results from the oxidation by the cytochrome P450 enzymes to form hydroxylated PUFA and epoxide metabolites. These epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFA) demonstrate largely anti-inflammatory and beneficial properties, in contrast to the other metabolites formed from the degradation of PUFA. Dysregulation of these systems often leads to chronic disease. Pharmaceutical targets of disease focus on preventing the formation of inflammatory metabolites from the COX and LO pathways, while maintaining the EpFA and increasing their concentration in the body is seen as beneficial to treating and preventing disease. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the major route of metabolism of EpFA. Inhibiting its activity increases concentrations of beneficial EpFA, and often disease states correlate to mutations in the sEH enzyme that increase its activity and decrease the concentrations of EpFA in the body. Recent approaches to increasing EpFA include synthetic mimics that replicate biological activity of EpFA while preventing their metabolism, while other approaches focus on developing small molecule inhibitors to the sEH. Increasing EpFA concentrations in the body has demonstrated multiple beneficial effects in treating many diseases, including inflammatory and painful conditions, cardiovascular disease, neurological and disease of the central nervous system. Demonstration of efficacy in so many disease states can be explained by the fundamental mechanism that EpFA have of maintaining healthy microvasculature and preventing mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. While there are no FDA approved methods that target the sEH or other enzymes responsible for metabolizing EpFA, current clinical efforts to test for efficacy by increasing EpFA that include inhibiting the sEH or administration of EpFA mimics that block metabolism are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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21
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Rand AA, Helmer PO, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD, Morisseau C. LC-MS/MS Analysis of the Epoxides and Diols Derived from the Endocannabinoid Arachidonoyl Ethanolamide. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1730:123-133. [PMID: 29363071 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7592-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a useful tool to characterize the behavior of natural lipids within biological matrices. We report a LC-MS/MS method developed specifically to analyze CYP products of the arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide, AEA), the epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EET-EAs) and their hydrolyzed metabolites, and the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (DHET-EAs). This method was used to measure EET-EA biotransformation to DHET-EAs by two human epoxide hydrolases: the soluble EH (sEH) and the microsomal EH (mEH). In general, sEH and mEH substrate preference was similar, based on kcat/KM. The 14,15-EET-EA and 11,12-EET-EA were the most efficiently hydrolyzed, followed by 8,9-EET-EA and 5,6-EET-EA. The method was also used to detect endogenous levels of these lipids in mouse tissues, although levels were below the instrumental detection limit (0.1-3.4 nM). Because both AEA and EETs are biologically active, the method described herein will be invaluable in revealing the role(s) of EET-EAs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Rand
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick O Helmer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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22
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Watkins BA. Endocannabinoids, exercise, pain, and a path to health with aging. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Kodani SD, Wan D, Wagner KM, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Design and Potency of Dual Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14076-14086. [PMID: 30411058 PMCID: PMC6210075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is responsible for regulating concentrations of the endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide. Multiple FAAH inhibitors have been developed for clinical trials and have failed to demonstrate efficacy at treating pain, despite promising preclinical data. One approach toward increasing the efficacy of FAAH inhibitors is to concurrently inhibit other targets responsible for regulating pain. Here, we designed dual inhibitors targeting the enzymes FAAH and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which are targets previously shown to synergize at reducing inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Exploration of the sEH/FAAH inhibitor structure-activity relationship started with PF-750, a FAAH inhibitor (IC50 = 19 nM) that weakly inhibited sEH (IC50 = 640 nM). Potency was optimized resulting in an inhibitor with improved potency on both targets (11, sEH IC50 = 5 nM, FAAH IC50 = 8 nM). This inhibitor demonstrated good target selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties (AUC = 1200 h nM, t 1/2 = 4.9 h in mice), and in vivo target engagement.
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24
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Blöcher R, Wagner KM, Gopireddy RR, Harris TR, Wu H, Barnych B, Hwang SH, Xiang YK, Proschak E, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Orally Available Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Phosphodiesterase 4 Dual Inhibitor Treats Inflammatory Pain. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3541-3550. [PMID: 29614224 PMCID: PMC5933862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by previously discovered enhanced analgesic efficacy between soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors, we designed, synthesized and characterized 21 novel sEH/PDE4 dual inhibitors. The best of these displayed good efficacy in in vitro assays. Further pharmacokinetic studies of a subset of four selected compounds led to the identification of a bioavailable dual inhibitor N-(4-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-1-propionylpiperidine-4-carboxamide (MPPA). In a lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory pain rat model, MPPA rapidly increased in the blood ( Tmax = 30 min; Cmax = 460 nM) after oral administration of 3 mg/kg and reduced inflammatory pain with rapid onset of action correlating with blood levels over a time course of 4 h. Additionally, MPPA does not alter self-motivated exploration of rats with inflammatory pain or the withdrawal latency in control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Blöcher
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Raghavender R. Gopireddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A., and VA Northern California Health Care System, CA 95655 Mather, U.S.A
| | - Todd R. Harris
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Yang K. Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A., and VA Northern California Health Care System, CA 95655 Mather, U.S.A
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, CA 95616, Davis, U.S.A
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Hopster
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
| | - A. W. Eps
- Department of Clinical Studies New Bolton Center School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA
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26
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Kodani SD, Bhakta S, Hwang SH, Pakhomova S, Newcomer ME, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Identification and optimization of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with dual potency towards fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:762-768. [PMID: 29366648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multi-target inhibitors have become increasing popular as a means to leverage the advantages of poly-pharmacology while simplifying drug delivery. Here, we describe dual inhibitors for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), two targets known to synergize when treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The structure activity relationship (SAR) study described herein initially started with t-TUCB (trans-4-[4-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-l-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid), a potent sEH inhibitor that was previously shown to weakly inhibit FAAH. Inhibitors with a 6-fold increase of FAAH potency while maintaining high sEH potency were developed by optimization. Interestingly, compared to most FAAH inhibitors that inhibit through time-dependent covalent modification, t-TUCB and related compounds appear to inhibit FAAH through a time-independent, competitive mechanism. These inhibitors are selective for FAAH over other serine hydrolases. In addition, FAAH inhibition by t-TUCB appears to be higher in human FAAH over other species; however, the new dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors have improved cross-species potency. These dual inhibitors may be useful for future studies in understanding the therapeutic application of dual sEH/FAAH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Saavan Bhakta
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Svetlana Pakhomova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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27
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Wang F, Zhang H, Ma AH, Yu W, Zimmermann M, Yang J, Hwang SH, Zhu D, Lin TY, Malfatti M, Turteltaub KW, Henderson PT, Airhart S, Hammock BD, Yuan J, de Vere White RW, Pan CX. COX-2/sEH Dual Inhibitor PTUPB Potentiates the Antitumor Efficacy of Cisplatin. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:474-483. [PMID: 29284644 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin-based therapy is highly toxic, but moderately effective in most cancers. Concurrent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) results in antitumor activity and has organ-protective effects. The goal of this study was to determine the antitumor activity of PTUPB, an orally bioavailable COX-2/sEH dual inhibitor, in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine (GC) therapy. NSG mice bearing bladder cancer patient-derived xenografts were treated with vehicle, PTUPB, cisplatin, GC, or combinations thereof. Mouse experiments were performed with two different PDX models. PTUPB potentiated cisplatin and GC therapy, resulting in significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival. PTUPB plus cisplatin was no more toxic than cisplatin single-agent treatment as assessed by body weight, histochemical staining of major organs, blood counts, and chemistry. The combination of PTUPB and cisplatin increased apoptosis and decreased phosphorylation in the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways compared with controls. PTUPB treatment did not alter platinum-DNA adduct levels, which is the most critical step in platinum-induced cell death. The in vitro study using the combination index method showed modest synergy between PTUPB and platinum agents only in 5637 cell line among several cell lines examined. However, PTUPB is very active in vivo by inhibiting angiogenesis. In conclusion, PTUPB potentiated the antitumor activity of cisplatin-based treatment without increasing toxicity in vivo and has potential for further development as a combination chemotherapy partner. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 474-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ai-Hong Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Weimin Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Maike Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Daniel Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Tzu-Yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | - Paul T Henderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ralph W de Vere White
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California. .,Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Rancho Cordova, California
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28
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Knezevic NN, Yekkirala A, Yaksh TL. Basic/Translational Development of Forthcoming Opioid- and Nonopioid-Targeted Pain Therapeutics. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:1714-1732. [PMID: 29049116 PMCID: PMC5679134 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opioids represent an efficacious therapeutic modality for some, but not all pain states. Singular reliance on opioid therapy for pain management has limitations, and abuse potential has deleterious consequences for patient and society. Our understanding of pain biology has yielded insights and opportunities for alternatives to conventional opioid agonists. The aim is to have efficacious therapies, with acceptable side effect profiles and minimal abuse potential, which is to say an absence of reinforcing activity in the absence of a pain state. The present work provides a nonexclusive overview of current drug targets and potential future directions of research and development. We discuss channel activators and blockers, including sodium channel blockers, potassium channel activators, and calcium channel blockers; glutamate receptor-targeted agents, including N-methyl-D-aspartate, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid, and metabotropic receptors. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutics targeted at γ-aminobutyric acid, α2-adrenergic, and opioid receptors. We also considered antagonists of angiotensin 2 and Toll receptors and agonists/antagonists of adenosine, purine receptors, and cannabinoids. Novel targets considered are those focusing on lipid mediators and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Of interest is development of novel targeting strategies, which produce long-term alterations in pain signaling, including viral transfection and toxins. We consider issues in the development of druggable molecules, including preclinical screening. While there are examples of successful translation, mechanistically promising preclinical candidates may unexpectedly fail during clinical trials because the preclinical models may not recapitulate the particular human pain condition being addressed. Molecular target characterization can diminish the disconnect between preclinical and humans' targets, which should assist in developing nonaddictive analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, Illinois; Departments of †Anesthesiology and ‡Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois; §Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ‖Blue Therapeutics, Harvard Innovation Launch Lab, Allston, Massachusetts; and Departments of ¶Anesthesiology and #Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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29
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Guedes AGP, Aristizabal F, Sole A, Adedeji A, Brosnan R, Knych H, Yang J, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Pharmacokinetics and antinociceptive effects of the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor t-TUCB in horses with experimentally induced radiocarpal synovitis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:230-238. [PMID: 29067696 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the pharmacokinetics, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor t-TUCB (trans-4-{4-[3-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid) in horses with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced radiocarpal synovitis. A total of seven adult healthy mares (n = 4-6/treatment) were administered 3 μg LPS into one radiocarpal joint and t-TUCB intravenously (i.v.) at 0 (control), 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg in a blinded, randomized, crossover design with at least 3 weeks washout between. Two investigators independently assigned pain scores (at rest, walk and trot) and lameness scores before and up to 48 hr after t-TUCB/LPS. Responses to touching the joint skin to assess tactile allodynia, plasma, and synovial fluid (SF) t-TUCB concentrations were determined before and up to 48 hr after t-TUCB/LPS. Blood and SF were collected for clinical laboratory evaluations before and up to 48 hr after t-TUCB/LPS. Areas under the curves of pain and lameness scores were calculated and compared between control and treatments. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with Dunnett or Bonferroni post-test. p < .05 was considered significant. Data are mean ± SEM. Compared to control, pain, lameness, and tactile allodynia were significantly lower with 1 mg/kg t-TUCB, but not the other doses. For 0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg t-TUCB treatments, plasma terminal half-lives were 13 ± 3, 13 ± 0.5, and 24 ± 5 hr, and clearances were 68 ± 15, 48 ± 5, and 14 ± 1 ml hr-1 kg-1 . The 1 mg/kg t-TUCB reached the SF at high concentrations. There were no important anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, sEH inhibition with t-TUCB may provide analgesia in horses with inflammatory joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G P Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - F Aristizabal
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Sole
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Adedeji
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Brosnan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - H Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S-H Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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30
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Abstract
There has been great progress in the understanding of basic neurobiologic mechanisms of pain, but this body of knowledge has not yet translated into new and improved analgesics. Progress has been made regarding pain assessment in horses, but more work is needed until sensitive and accurate pain assessment tools are available for use in clinical practice. This review summarizes and updates the knowledge concerning the cornerstones of pain medicine (understand, assess, prevent, and treat). It highlights the importance of understanding pain mechanisms and expressions to enable a rational approach to pain assessment, prevention, and management in the equine patient.
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31
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Fiala M, Kooij G, Wagner K, Hammock B, Pellegrini M. Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids. FASEB J 2017; 31:3229-3239. [PMID: 28420693 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is deregulated with highly increased or decreased transcription of inflammatory genes and consistently depressed phagocytosis of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ) by monocytes and macrophages. Current immune therapies target single mechanisms in the adaptive immune system but not innate immunity. Here, we summarize recent advances in therapy by ω-3, ω-6, and epoxy fatty acids; specialized proresolving mediators; and vitamin D3 that have proven immune effects and emerging cognitive effects in patients with MCI. The hypothesis of this approach is that macrophages of normal participants, but not those of patients with Alzheimer's disease and MCI, possess effective phagocytosis for Aβ and protect homeostasis of the brain and, furthermore, that defective MCI macrophages recover phagocytic function via ω-3. Recent studies of fish-derived ω-3 supplementation in patients with MCI have shown polarization of Apoε3/ε3 patients' macrophages to an intermediate M1-M2 phenotype that is optimal for Aβ phagocytosis and the stabilization of cognitive decline. Therefore, accumulating preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that ω-3 supplementation should be tested in a randomized controlled clinical trial and that the analysis should involve the apolipoprotein E genotype and intervening conditions during trial.-Fiala, M., Kooij, G., Wagner, K., Hammock, B., Pellegrini, M. Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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32
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Guedes A, Galuppo L, Hood D, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and pharmacologic inhibition in horses with chronic severe laminitis. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:345-351. [PMID: 27338788 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of soluble epoxide hydrolase and lipid mediators in inflammatory and neuropathic pain could be relevant in laminitis pain management. OBJECTIVES To determine soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity in the digital laminae, sEH inhibitor potency in vitro, and efficacy of a sEH inhibitor as an adjunct analgesic therapy in chronic laminitic horses. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiments and clinical case series. METHODS sEH activity was measured in digital laminae from euthanised healthy and laminitic horses (n = 5-6/group). Potency of 7 synthetic sEH inhibitors was determined in vitro using equine liver cytosol. One of them (t-TUCB; 0.1 mg/kg bwt i.v. every 24 h) was selected based on potency and stability, and used as adjunct therapy in 10 horses with severe chronic laminitis (Obel grades 2, one horse; 3-4, nine horses). Daily assessments of forelimb lifts, pain scores, physiologic and laboratory examinations were performed before (baseline) and during t-TUCB treatment. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS sEH activity in the digital laminae from laminitic horses (0.9±0.6 nmol/min/mg; 95% CI 0.16-1.55 nmol/min/mg) was significantly greater (P = 0.01) than in healthy horses (0.17±0.09 nmol/min/mg; CI 0.07-0.26 nmol/min/mg). t-TUCB as an adjunct analgesic up to 10 days (4.3±3 days) in laminitic horses was associated with significant reduction in forelimb lifts (36±22%; 95% CI 9-64%) and in pain scores (18±23%; 95% CI 2-35%) compared with baseline (P = 0.04). One horse developed gas colic and another corneal vascularisation in a blind eye during treatment. No other significant changes were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Absence of control group and evaluator blinding in case series. CONCLUSIONS sEH activity is significantly higher in the digital laminae of actively laminitic compared with healthy horses, and use of a potent inhibitor of equine sEH as adjunct analgesic therapy appears to decrease signs of pathologic pain in laminitic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - L Galuppo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - D Hood
- The Hoof Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Clinic, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - S H Hwang
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - C Morisseau
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
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33
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Watkins BA, Kim J, Kenny A, Pedersen TL, Pappan KL, Newman JW. Circulating levels of endocannabinoids and oxylipins altered by dietary lipids in older women are likely associated with previously identified gene targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1693-1704. [PMID: 27452639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women (PMW) report marginal n-3 PUFA intakes and are at risk of chronic diseases associated with the skeletal, muscular, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular systems. How n-3 PUFA affect the amounts of endocannabinoids (ECs) and oxylipins (OLs) of metabolic and physiologic importance in PMW is not clear. Based on our recent findings that dietary n-3 PUFA alter gene targets of the EC system and lower pro-inflammatory OL we proceeded to characterize these actions in blood of PMW. Our aim was to determine levels of the ECs, OLs, and global metabolites (GM) in white PMW (75±7y), randomized in a double-masked manner, from baseline to 6mo after receiving a fish oil supplement of n-3 PUFA (720mg 20:5n3+480mg 22:6n3/d, n=20) or placebo (1.8g oleic acid/d, n=20). ECs and OLs in serum were determined by UPLC-MS/MS and GM by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Plasma 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 levels increased in PMW given fish oil. EC n-6 acyl-ethanolamides, arachidonate-derived diols were decreased and 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 diols, epoxides, and alcohols were increased in PMW given fish oil. GM analysis revealed that n-3 PUFA supplementation increased renal steroid hormone and proteolytic metabolite levels in PMW. Herein, we confirm that gene targets of the EC system, previously found as modifiable by n-3 PUFA result in changes in the levels of ECs and OLs in PMW. This study shows phenotypic responses (in levels) to n-3 PUFA supplementation in PMW and increases of n-3 acyl-ethanolamide and n-3-derived OL of clinical considerations in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Watkins
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Anne Kenny
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States.
| | | | | | - John W Newman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; USDA, ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA, United States.
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Marowsky A, Haenel K, Bockamp E, Heck R, Rutishauser S, Mule N, Kindler D, Rudin M, Arand M. Genetic enhancement of microsomal epoxide hydrolase improves metabolic detoxification but impairs cerebral blood flow regulation. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:3017-3027. [PMID: 26838043 PMCID: PMC5104800 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) is a detoxifying enzyme for xenobiotic compounds. Enzymatic activity of mEH can be greatly increased by a point mutation, leading to an E404D amino acid exchange in its catalytic triad. Surprisingly, this variant is not found in any vertebrate species, despite the obvious advantage of accelerated detoxification. We hypothesized that this evolutionary avoidance is due to the fact that the mEH plays a dualistic role in detoxification and control of endogenous vascular signaling molecules. To test this, we generated mEH E404D mice and assessed them for detoxification capacity and vascular dynamics. In liver microsomes from these mice, turnover of the xenobiotic compound phenanthrene-9,10-oxide was four times faster compared to WT liver microsomes, confirming accelerated detoxification. mEH E404D animals also showed faster metabolization of a specific class of endogenous eicosanoids, arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Significantly higher DHETs/EETs ratios were found in mEH E404D liver, urine, plasma, brain and cerebral endothelial cells compared to WT controls, suggesting a broad impact of the mEH mutant on endogenous EETs metabolism. Because EETs are strong vasodilators in cerebral vasculature, hemodynamics were assessed in mEH E404D and WT cerebral cortex and hippocampus using cerebral blood volume (CBV)-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Basal CBV0 levels were similar between mEH E404D and control mice in both brain areas. But vascular reactivity and vasodilation in response to the vasodilatory drug acetazolamide were reduced in mEH E404D forebrain compared to WT controls by factor 3 and 2.6, respectively. These results demonstrate a critical role for mEH E404D in vasodynamics and suggest that deregulation of endogenous signaling pathways is the undesirable gain of function associated with the E404D variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marowsky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karen Haenel
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6), Research Center Julich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425, Julich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacherstrasse 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rosario Heck
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacherstrasse 63, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sibylle Rutishauser
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nandkishor Mule
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Kindler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rudin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Goswami SK, Inceoglu B, Yang J, Wan D, Kodani SD, da Silva CAT, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Omeprazole increases the efficacy of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in a PGE₂ induced pain model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:419-27. [PMID: 26522832 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent endogenous analgesic metabolites produced from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450s (P450s). Metabolism of EETs by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) reduces their activity, while their stabilization by sEH inhibition decreases both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we tested the complementary hypothesis that increasing the level of EETs through induction of P450s by omeprazole (OME), can influence pain related signaling by itself, and potentiate the anti-hyperalgesic effect of sEH inhibitor. Rats were treated with OME (100mg/kg/day, p.o., 7 days), sEH inhibitor TPPU (3mg/kg/day, p.o.) and OME (100mg/kg/day, p.o., 7 days)+TPPU (3mg/kg/day, p.o., last 3 days of OME dose) dissolved in vehicle PEG400, and their effect on hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain) induced by PGE2 was monitored. While OME treatment by itself exhibited variable effects on PGE2 induced hyperalgesia, it strongly potentiated the effect of TPPU in the same assay. The significant decrease in pain with OME+TPPU treatment correlated with the increased levels of EETs in plasma and increased activities of P450 1A1 and P450 1A2 in liver microsomes. The results show that reducing catabolism of EETs with a sEH inhibitor yielded a stronger analgesic effect than increasing generation of EETs by OME, and combination of both yielded the strongest pain reducing effect under the condition of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Antonio Trindade da Silva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Pillarisetti S, Khanna I. A multimodal disease modifying approach to treat neuropathic pain--inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1382-90. [PMID: 26259523 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Both neuronal and non-neuronal mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to neuropathic pain (NP). All currently approved treatments for NP modulate neuronal targets and provide only symptomatic relief. Here we review evidence that inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), the enzyme that degrades epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), has potential to be a multimodal, disease modifying approach to treat NP: (1) EET actions involve both endogenous opioid system and the GABAergic systems thus provide superior pain relief compared to morphine or gabapentin, (2) EETs are directly anti-inflammatory and inhibit expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules thus can prevent continued nerve damage; and (3) EETs promote nerve regeneration in cultured neurons. Thus, an sEH inhibitor will not only provide effective pain relief, but would also block further nerve damage and promote healing.
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Ostermann AI, Herbers J, Willenberg I, Chen R, Hwang SH, Greite R, Morisseau C, Gueler F, Hammock BD, Schebb NH. Oral treatment of rodents with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU): Resulting drug levels and modulation of oxylipin pattern. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:131-7. [PMID: 26117215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potent lipid mediators. In vivo stabilization of these epoxides by blockade of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) leads to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and normotensive effects. Therefore, sEH inhibitors (sEHi) are a promising new class of drugs. Herein, we characterized pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of a commercially available potent sEHi 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU). Cell culture studies suggest its high absorption and metabolic stability. Following administration in drinking water to rats (0.2, 1, and 5mg TPPU/L with 0.2% PEG400), TPPU's blood concentration increased dose dependently within the treatment period to reach an almost steady state after 8 days. TPPU was found in all the tissues tested. The linoleic epoxide/diol ratios in most tissues were dose dependently increased, indicating significant sEH inhibition. Overall, administration of TPPU with the drinking water led to systemic distribution as well as high drug levels and thus makes chronic sEH inhibition studies possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika I Ostermann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Herbers
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany; University of Wuppertal, Institute of Food Chemistry, Wuppertal, Germany.
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Abdelhamid G, El-Kadi AOS. Buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, induces expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase and markers of cellular hypertrophy in a rat cardiomyoblast cell line: roles of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:1-12. [PMID: 25614461 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is associated with the development of myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, and heart failure. However, the upregulation mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we treated H9C2 cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to explore whether oxidative stress upregulates sEH gene expression and to identify the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind this upregulatory response. Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to measure mRNA and protein expression, respectively. We demonstrated that BSO significantly upregulated sEH at mRNA levels in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, leading to a significant increase in the cellular hypertrophic markers, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). Furthermore, BSO significantly increased the cytosolic phosphorylated IκB-α and translocation of NF-κB p50 subunits, as measured by Western blot analysis. This level of translocation was paralleled by an increase in the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB P50 subunits. Moreover, our results demonstrated that pretreatment with the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC significantly inhibited BSO-mediated induction of sEH and cellular hypertrophic marker gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were transiently phosphorylated by BSO treatment. To understand further the role of MAPKs pathway in BSO-mediated induction of sEH mRNA, we examined the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-JunN-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. Indeed, treatment with the MEK/ERK signal transduction inhibitor, PD98059, partially blocked the activation of IκB-α and translocation of NF-κB p50 subunits induced by BSO. Moreover, pretreatment with MEK/ERK signal transduction inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, significantly inhibited BSO-mediated induction of sEH and cellular hypertrophic marker gene expression. These results clearly demonstrated that the NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in BSO-mediated induction of sEH gene expression, and appears to be associated with the activation of the MAPK pathway. Furthermore, our findings provide a strong link between sEH-induced cardiac dysfunction and involvement of NF-κB in the development of cellular hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abdelhamid
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8.
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Kodani SD, Hammock BD. The 2014 Bernard B. Brodie award lecture-epoxide hydrolases: drug metabolism to therapeutics for chronic pain. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:788-802. [PMID: 25762541 PMCID: PMC4407705 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dr. Bernard Brodie's legacy is built on fundamental discoveries in pharmacology and drug metabolism that were then translated to the clinic to improve patient care. Similarly, the development of a novel class of therapeutics termed the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors was originally spurred by fundamental research exploring the biochemistry and physiology of the sEH. Here, we present an overview of the history and current state of research on epoxide hydrolases, specifically focusing on sEHs. In doing so, we start with the translational project studying the metabolism of the insect juvenile hormone mimic R-20458 [(E)-6,7-epoxy-1-(4-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene], which led to the identification of the mammalian sEH. Further investigation of this enzyme and its substrates, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, led to insight into mechanisms of inflammation, chronic and neuropathic pain, angiogenesis, and other physiologic processes. This basic knowledge in turn led to the development of potent inhibitors of the sEH that are promising therapeutics for pain, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, arthritis, and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
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Abstract
Cells in injured and inflamed tissues produce a number of proalgesic lipid-derived mediators, which excite nociceptive neurons by activating selective G-protein-coupled receptors or ligand-gated ion channels. Recent work has shown that these proalgesic factors are counteracted by a distinct group of lipid molecules that lower nociceptor excitability and attenuate nociception in peripheral tissues. Analgesic lipid mediators include endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors (endocannabinoids), lipid-amide agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, and products of oxidative metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids via cytochrome P450 and other enzyme pathways. Evidence indicates that these lipid messengers are produced and act at different stages of inflammation and the response to tissue injury, and may be part of a peripheral gating mechanism that regulates the access of nociceptive information to the spinal cord and the brain. Growing knowledge about this peripheral control system may be used to discover safer medicines for pain.
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Spector AA, Kim HY. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:356-65. [PMID: 25093613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are oxidized by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases to PUFA epoxides which function as potent lipid mediators. The major metabolic pathways of PUFA epoxides are incorporation into phospholipids and hydrolysis to the corresponding PUFA diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase. Inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase stabilize PUFA epoxides and potentiate their functional effects. The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) synthesized from arachidonic acid produce vasodilation, stimulate angiogenesis, have anti-inflammatory actions, and protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. EETs produce these functional effects by activating receptor-mediated signaling pathways and ion channels. The epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids synthesized from eicosapentaenoic acid and epoxydocosapentaenoic acids synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid are potent inhibitors of cardiac arrhythmias. Epoxydocosapentaenoic acids also inhibit angiogenesis, decrease inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and reduce tumor metastasis. These findings indicate that a number of the beneficial functions of PUFA may be due to their conversion to PUFA epoxides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A Spector
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Stabilized epoxygenated fatty acids regulate inflammation, pain, angiogenesis and cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 53:108-23. [PMID: 24345640 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFAs), which are lipid mediators produced by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are important signaling molecules known to regulate various biological processes including inflammation, pain and angiogenesis. The EpFAs are further metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to form fatty acid diols which are usually less-active. Pharmacological inhibitors of sEH that stabilize endogenous EpFAs are being considered for human clinical uses. Here we review the biology of ω-3 and ω-6 EpFAs on inflammation, pain, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Sisignano M, Bennett DLH, Geisslinger G, Scholich K. TRP-channels as key integrators of lipid pathways in nociceptive neurons. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 53:93-107. [PMID: 24287369 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TRP-channels are the most prominent family of ligand-gated ion channels for pain perception. In sensory neurons, TRPV1-V4, TRPA1 and TRPM8 are expressed and are responsible for the conversion of external stimuli to painful sensations. Under pathophysiological conditions, excessive activity of TRP-channels leads to mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Among the endogenous TRP-channel sensitizers, activators and inhibitors, more than 50 arachidonic acid- and linoleic acid-metabolites from the COX-, LOX- and CYP-pathways, as well as lysophospholipids and isoprenoids can be found. As a consequence, these lipids represent the vast majority of endogenous TRP-channel modulators in sensory neurons. Although the precise mechanisms of TRP-channel modulation by most lipids are still unknown, it became clear that lipids can either bind directly to the target TRP-channel or modulate TRP-channels indirectly by activating G-protein coupled receptors. Thus, TRP-channels seem to be key sensors for lipids, integrating and interpreting incoming signals from the different metabolic lipid pathways. Here, we discuss the specific properties of the currently known endogenous lipid-derived TRP-channel modulators concerning their ability to activate or inhibit TRP-channels, the molecular mechanisms of lipid/TRP-channel interactions and specific TRP-regulatory characteristics of the individual lipid families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of the Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David L H Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of the Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of the Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Harris TR, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase: gene structure, expression and deletion. Gene 2013; 526:61-74. [PMID: 23701967 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts epoxides to their corresponding diols through the addition of a water molecule. sEH readily hydrolyzes lipid signaling molecules, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), epoxidized lipids produced from arachidonic acid by the action of cytochrome p450s. Through its metabolism of the EETs and other lipid mediators, sEH contributes to the regulation of vascular tone, nociception, angiogenesis and the inflammatory response. Because of its central physiological role in disease states such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, hypertension, and pain sEH is being investigated as a therapeutic target. This review begins with a brief introduction to sEH protein structure and function. sEH evolution and gene structure are then discussed before human small nucleotide polymorphisms and mammalian gene expression are described in the context of several disease models. The review ends with an overview of studies that have employed the sEH knockout mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd R Harris
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Poli G, Corda E, Martino PA, Dall'ara P, Bareggi SR, Bondiolotti G, Iulini B, Mazza M, Casalone C, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Inceoglu B. Therapeutic activity of inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase in a mouse model of scrapie. Life Sci 2013; 92:1145-50. [PMID: 23651659 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The misfolding and the aggregation of specific proteins are key features of neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). In TSEs, neuronal loss and inflammation are associated with the accumulation of the misfolded isoform (PrP(sc)) of the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)). Therefore we tested the hypothesis that augmenting a natural anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFAs) will delay lethality. EpFAs are highly potent but enzymatically labile molecules produced by the actions of a number of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Stabilization of these bioactive lipids by inhibiting their degradation mediated by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) results in potent anti-inflammatory effects in multiple disease models. MAIN METHODS Mice were infected with the mouse-adapted RML strain of scrapie by intracerebral or intraperitoneal routes. Animals received the sEH inhibitor, by oral route, administrated in drinking water or vehicle (PEG400). Infected mice were euthanized at a standard clinical end point. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of brain tissue confirmed the presence of pathology related to prion infection. KEY FINDINGS Oral administration of the sEHI did not affect the very short survival time of the intracerebral prion infection group. However, mice infected by intraperitoneal route and treated with t-AUCB survived significantly longer than the control group mice (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE These findings support the idea that inhibition of sEH or augmentation of the natural EpFA signaling in the brain offers a potential and different route to understand prion diseases and may become a therapeutic strategy for diseases involving neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Poli
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Birnie M, Morrison R, Camara R, Strauss KI. Temporal changes of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) and eicosanoid-related gene expression in the rat brain after traumatic brain injury. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:303. [PMID: 23642095 PMCID: PMC3658912 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces arachidonic acid (ArA) release from cell membranes. ArA metabolites form a class of over 50 bioactive eicosanoids that can induce both adaptive and/or maladaptive brain responses. The dynamic metabolism of ArA to eicosanoids, and how they affect the injured brain, is poorly understood due to their diverse activities, trace levels, and short half-lives. The eicosanoids produced in the brain postinjury depend upon the enzymes present locally at any given time. Eicosanoids are synthesized by heme-containing enzymes, including cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and arachidonate monoxygenases. The latter comprise a subset of the cytochrome P450 "Cyp" gene family that metabolize fatty acids, steroids, as well as endogenous and exogenous toxicants. However, for many of these genes neither baseline neuroanatomical nor injury-related temporal expression have been studied in the brain.In a rat model of parietal cortex TBI, Cyp and eicosanoid-related mRNA levels were determined at 6 h, 24 h, 3d, and 7d postinjury in parietal cortex and hippocampus, where dynamic changes in eicosanoids have been observed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction with low density arrays were used to assay 62 rat Cyps, 37 of which metabolize ArA or other unsaturated fatty acids; 16 eicosanoid-related enzymes that metabolize ArA or its metabolites; 8 eicosanoid receptors; 5 other inflammatory- and recovery-related genes, plus 2 mouse Cyps as negative controls and 3 highly expressed "housekeeping" genes. RESULTS Sixteen arachidonate monoxygenases, 17 eicosanoid-related genes, and 12 other Cyps were regulated in the brain postinjury (p < 0.05, Tukey HSD). Discrete tissue levels and distinct postinjury temporal patterns of gene expression were observed in hippocampus and parietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest complex regulation of ArA and other lipid metabolism after TBI. Due to the temporal nature of brain injury-induced Cyp gene induction, manipulation of each gene (or its products) at a given time after TBI will be required to assess their contributions to secondary injury and/or recovery. Moreover, a better understanding of brain region localization and cell type-specific expression may be necessary to deduce the role of these eicosanoid-related genes in the healthy and injured brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Birnie
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 515, 45267 Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Morrison
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 515, 45267 Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ramatoulie Camara
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 515, 45267 Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth I Strauss
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way ML 515, 45267 Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Present Address: Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, 49503 Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Synthesis and biological activity of 4-substituted benzoxazolone derivatives as a new class of sEH inhibitors with high anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2380-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Guedes AGP, Morisseau C, Sole A, Soares JHN, Ulu A, Dong H, Hammock BD. Use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor as an adjunctive analgesic in a horse with laminitis. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:440-8. [PMID: 23463912 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HISTORY A 4-year old, 500 kg Thoroughbred female horse diagnosed with bilateral forelimb laminitis and cellulitis on the left forelimb became severely painful and refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy (flunixin meglumine on days 1, 2, 3 and 4; and phenylbutazone on days 5, 6 and 7) alone or in combination with gabapentin (days 6 and 7). PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Pain scores assessed independently by three individuals with a visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) were 8.5 on day 6, and it increased to 9.5 on day 7. Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring revealed severe hypertension. MANAGEMENT As euthanasia was being considered for humane reasons, a decision was made to add an experimental new drug, trans-4-{4-[3-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid (t-TUCB), which is a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, to the treatment protocol. Dose and frequency of administration were selected based on the drug potency against equine sEH to produce plasma concentrations within the range of 30 nmol L(-1) and 2.5 μmol L(-1) . Pain scores decreased sharply and remarkably following t-TUCB administration and blood pressure progressively decreased to physiologic normal values. Plasma concentrations of t-TUCB, measured daily, were within the expected range, whereas phenylbutazone and gabapentin plasma levels were below the suggested efficacious concentrations. FOLLOW UP No adverse effects were detected on clinical and laboratory examinations during and after t-TUCB administration. No new episodes of laminitis have been noted up to the time of writing (120 days following treatment). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of sEH with t-TUCB was associated with a significant improvement in pain scores in one horse with laminitis whose pain was refractory to the standard of care therapy. No adverse effects were noticed. Future studies evaluating the analgesic and protective effects of these compounds in painful inflammatory diseases in animals are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Chen L, Fan C, Zhang Y, Bakri M, Dong H, Morisseau C, Maddipati KR, Luo P, Wang CY, Hammock BD, Wang MH. Beneficial effects of inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase on glucose homeostasis and islet damage in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012; 104-105:42-8. [PMID: 23247129 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of endogenous inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mediators. In the present study, we determined the effects of the inhibition of sEH on glucose homeostasis and islet damage in mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ), a model of chemical-induced diabetes. STZ increased daily water intake and decreased visceral (spleen and pancreas) weight in mice; sEH inhibition in STZ mice decreased water intake, but did not affect visceral weight. Hyperglycemia induced by STZ treatment in mice was attenuated by inhibiting sEH. The beneficial effects of sEH inhibition were accompanied, after 2 and 4 weeks of initial administration, by improving glucose tolerance. In contrast, sEH inhibition did not affect insulin tolerance. Using LC/MS analysis, neither STZ nor STZ plus sEH inhibition affected pancreatic and plasma ratios of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), an index of EETs levels. Western blot analysis showed that mouse cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C enzymes are the major epoxygenases in islets. On day 5 after initial STZ treatment, STZ induced islet cell apoptosis, while sEH inhibition in STZ mice significantly reduced islet cell apoptosis. These studies provide pharmacological evidence that inhibiting sEH activity provides significant protection against islet β-cell damage and improves glucose homeostasis in STZ-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdan Chen
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Impact of soluble epoxide hydrolase and epoxyeicosanoids on human health. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 53:37-58. [PMID: 23020295 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The presence of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) in tissues and their metabolism by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to 1,2-diols were first reported 30 years ago. However, appreciation of their importance in cell biology and physiology has greatly accelerated over the past decade with the discovery of metabolically stable inhibitors of sEH, the commercial availability of EETs, and the development of analytical methods for the quantification of EETs and their diols. Numerous roles of EETs in regulatory biology now are clear, and the value of sEH inhibition in various animal models of disease has been demonstrated. Here, we review these results and discuss how the pharmacological stabilization of EETs and other natural epoxy-fatty acids could lead to possible disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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