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Dheerendra P, Grent-'t-Jong T, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Krishnadas R, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Uhlhaas PJ. Intact Mismatch Negativity Responses in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis and First-Episode Psychosis: Evidence From Source-Reconstructed Event-Related Fields and Time-Frequency Data. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:121-131. [PMID: 37778724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether mismatch negativity (MMN) responses are impaired in participants at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and whether MMN deficits predict clinical outcomes in CHR-Ps. METHODS Magnetoencephalography data were collected during a duration-deviant MMN paradigm for a group of 116 CHR-P participants, 33 FEP patients (15 antipsychotic-naïve), clinical high risk negative group (n = 38) with substance abuse and affective disorder, and 49 healthy control participants. Analysis of group differences of source-reconstructed event-related fields as well as time-frequency and intertrial phase coherence focused on the bilateral Heschl's gyri and bilateral superior temporal gyri. RESULTS Significant magnetic MMN responses were found across participants in the bilateral Heschl's gyri and bilateral superior temporal gyri. However, MMN amplitude as well as time-frequency and intertrial phase coherence responses were intact in CHR-P participants and FEP patients compared with healthy control participants. Furthermore, MMN deficits were not related to persistent attenuated psychotic symptoms or transitions to psychosis in CHR-P participants. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that magnetic MMN responses in magnetoencephalography data are not impaired in early-stage psychosis and may not predict clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Dheerendra
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrew I Gumley
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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Atypical prediction error learning is associated with prodromal symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:105. [PMID: 36433979 PMCID: PMC9700713 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) have been well-demonstrated in schizophrenia rendering it a promising biomarker for understanding the emergence of psychosis. According to the predictive coding theory of psychosis, MMN impairments may reflect disturbances in hierarchical information processing driven by maladaptive precision-weighted prediction errors (pwPEs) and enhanced belief updating. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian model of learning to single-trial EEG data from an auditory oddball paradigm in 31 help-seeking antipsychotic-naive high-risk individuals and 23 healthy controls to understand the computational mechanisms underlying the auditory MMN. We found that low-level sensory and high-level volatility pwPE expression correlated with EEG amplitudes, coinciding with the timing of the MMN. Furthermore, we found that prodromal positive symptom severity was associated with increased expression of sensory pwPEs and higher-level belief uncertainty. Our findings provide support for the role of pwPEs in auditory MMN generation, and suggest that increased sensory pwPEs driven by changes in belief uncertainty may render the environment seemingly unpredictable. This may predispose high-risk individuals to delusion-like ideation to explain this experience. These results highlight the value of computational models for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychosis.
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Duncan E, Roach BJ, Massa N, Hamilton HK, Bachman PM, Belger A, Carrion RE, Johannesen JK, Light GA, Niznikiewicz MA, Addington JM, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW, Nasiri N, Mathalon DH. Auditory N100 amplitude deficits predict conversion to psychosis in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2) cohort. Schizophr Res 2022; 248:89-97. [PMID: 35994912 PMCID: PMC10091223 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The auditory N100 is an event related potential (ERP) that is reduced in schizophrenia, but its status in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) and its ability to predict conversion to psychosis remains unclear. We examined whether N100 amplitudes are reduced in CHR subjects relative to healthy controls (HC), and this reduction predicts conversion to psychosis in CHR. METHODS Subjects included CHR individuals (n = 552) and demographically similar HC subjects (n = 236) from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. Follow-up assessments identified CHR individuals who converted to psychosis (CHRC; n = 73) and those who did not (CHR-NC; n = 225) over 24 months. Electroencephalography data were collected during an auditory oddball task containing Standard, Novel, and Target stimuli. N100 peak amplitudes following each stimulus were measured at electrodes Cz and Fz. RESULTS The CHR subjects had smaller N100 absolute amplitudes than HC subjects at Fz (F(1,786) = 4.00, p 0.046). A model comparing three groups (CHRC, CHR-NC, HC) was significant for Group at the Cz electrode (F(2,531) = 3.58, p = 0.029). Both Standard (p = 0.019) and Novel (p = 0.017) stimuli showed N100 absolute amplitude reductions in CHR-C relative to HC. A smaller N100 amplitude at Cz predicted conversion to psychosis in the CHR cohort (Standard: p = 0.009; Novel: p = 0.001) and predicted shorter time to conversion (Standard: p = 0.013; Novel: p = 0.001). CONCLUSION N100 amplitudes are reduced in CHR individuals which precedes the onset of psychosis. N100 deficits in CHR individuals predict a greater likelihood of conversion to psychosis. Our results highlight N100's utility as a biomarker of psychosis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Duncan
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Massa
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter M Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ricardo E Carrion
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jason K Johannesen
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gregory A Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Jean M Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kristin S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thomas H McGlashan
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nima Nasiri
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hamilton HK, Roach BJ, Bachman PM, Belger A, Carrión RE, Duncan E, Johannesen JK, Light GA, Niznikiewicz MA, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cornblatt BA, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Tsuang MT, Walker EF, Woods SW, Cannon TD, Mathalon DH. Mismatch Negativity in Response to Auditory Deviance and Risk for Future Psychosis in Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:780-789. [PMID: 35675082 PMCID: PMC9178501 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Importance Although clinical criteria for identifying youth at risk for psychosis have been validated, they are not sufficiently accurate for predicting outcomes to inform major treatment decisions. The identification of biomarkers may improve outcome prediction among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). Objective To examine whether mismatch negativity (MMN) event-related potential amplitude, which is deficient in schizophrenia, is reduced in young people with the CHR-P syndrome and associated with outcomes, accounting for effects of antipsychotic medication use. Design, Setting, and Participants MMN data were collected as part of the multisite case-control North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2) from 8 university-based outpatient research programs. Baseline MMN data were collected from June 2009 through April 2013. Clinical outcomes were assessed throughout 24 months. Participants were individuals with the CHR-P syndrome and healthy controls with MMN data. Participants with the CHR-P syndrome who developed psychosis (ie, converters) were compared with those who did not develop psychosis (ie, nonconverters) who were followed up for 24 months. Analysis took place between December 2019 and December 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Electroencephalography was recorded during a passive auditory oddball paradigm. MMN elicited by duration-, pitch-, and duration + pitch double-deviant tones was measured. Results The CHR-P group (n = 580; mean [SD] age, 19.24 [4.39] years) included 247 female individuals (42.6%) and the healthy control group (n = 241; mean age, 20.33 [4.74] years) included 114 female individuals (47.3%). In the CHR-P group, 450 (77.6%) were not taking antipsychotic medication at baseline. Baseline MMN amplitudes, irrespective of deviant type, were deficient in future CHR-P converters to psychosis (n = 77, unmedicated n = 54) compared with nonconverters (n = 238, unmedicated n = 190) in both the full sample (d = 0.27) and the unmedicated subsample (d = 0.33). In the full sample, baseline medication status interacted with group and deviant type indicating that double-deviant MMN, compared with single deviants, was reduced in unmedicated converters compared with nonconverters (d = 0.43). Further, within the unmedicated subsample, deficits in double-deviant MMN were most strongly associated with earlier conversion to psychosis (hazard ratio, 1.40 [95% CI, 1.03-1.90]; P = .03], which persisted over and above positive symptom severity. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that MMN amplitude deficits were sensitive to future psychosis conversion among individuals at risk of CHR-P, particularly those not taking antipsychotic medication at baseline, although associations were modest. While MMN shows limited promise as a biomarker of psychosis onset on its own, it may contribute novel risk information to multivariate prediction algorithms and serve as a translational neurophysiological target for novel treatment development in a subgroup of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K. Hamilton
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Brian J. Roach
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter M. Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Ricardo E. Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Erica Duncan
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jason K. Johannesen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gregory A. Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California
| | - Margaret A. Niznikiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | | | - Barbara A. Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York
- Institute of Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York
| | - Thomas H. McGlashan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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Deng J, Zheng X, Zhu C, Lin Z, Ye Y. Auditory acuity and musical ability in young adults with high schizotypal traits. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 114:152297. [PMID: 35123176 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite auditory cognition dysfunction being consistently found in people with schizophrenia, the evidence from non-clinical individuals with schizotypy is rare and inconsistent. No studies thus far have comprehensively assessed the association among auditory perception, musical cognition, and schizotypy in non-clinical samples. AIM We aimed to explore abnormalities in auditory skills, from basic perception to musical ability, among individuals with schizotypal traits. METHOD An extreme-group design was adopted. Sixty-six participants from the schizotypy and control groups were screened from 1093 young adults using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Auditory acuity was assessed using four auditory discrimination threshold tests, and musical ability was evaluated through the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). Basic demographic information and musical backgrounds were assessed and matched, and depression, anxiety, and digit-span index were evaluated and controlled. RESULTS Elevated sensitivity in auditory perception and improved musical talent were found in young adults with high schizotypal traits. Auditory acuity and musical ability were positively correlated with schizotypy and its factors among participants across groups. A regression analysis in the control group showed that cognitive perceptual scores of SPQ positively predicted auditory temporal sensitivity. The mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of pure tone duration discrimination between musical rhythmic ability and positive factor of schizotypy. DISCUSSION Elevated sensitivity in auditory temporal perception and improved musical talent in young adults with high schizotypy may contribute to explaining the variation of auditory process in the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. It can also help elucidate the association between psychopathology and creativity in auditory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Deng
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zheng
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- Mental Health Center, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Yiduo Ye
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China.
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Follow-up of subjects labelled with putative pre-psychotic states: Viewed from a transdiagnostic clinical high-at-risk mental state (CHARMS) paradigm. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:1159-1166. [PMID: 34732303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Follow-up of subjects with putative pre-psychotic states is essential to clarify the transition process to psychosis, while "non-converters" also deserve clinical attention as many may evolve into other psychiatric disorders with diverse outcomes. This study aimed to examine help-seeking individuals who have been labelled at clinical high-risk state but not converting to full-blown psychosis during first two years of follow-up. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study of help-seeking subjects was conducted by reviewing medical records of participants in a previous early psychosis study at the study hospital between 2006 and 2020. We portrayed those who developed first episode psychosis after first 2-year follow-up in detail, and provided sketches of clinical macrophenotypes other than psychosis emerging from subjects among different risk groups. RESULTS Among 132 eligible subjects, data of 98 (74.2%) were available for detailed evaluation. Of these, 15 transitioned to first-episode psychosis (11.4%) with time to psychosis from 2 to 11 years, 11 had anxiety spectrum (8.3%), 11 had depressive spectrum (8.3%), 10 had obsessive compulsive (7.6%), 5 had bipolar spectrum disorders (3.8%), 13 had predominantly schizotypal (9.8%) and 4 had other personality traits (3%), and 13 had problems attributable to adjustment or developmental issues (9.8%). CONCLUSIONS Various diagnoses, either full- or sub-threshold, appropriately describe the diverse clinical phenomenology of a cohort presenting with non-specific and/or subthreshold psychotic symptoms. The clinical high-at-risk mental state (CHARMS) paradigm provides a reasonable transdiagnostic approach for orienting clinicians' attention toward young subjects seeking mental health help at an early stage of illness to potentially pluripotent trajectories.
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Wen D, Wang J, Yao G, Liu S, Li X, Li J, Li H, Xu Y. Abnormality of subcortical volume and resting functional connectivity in adolescents with early-onset and prodromal schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 140:282-288. [PMID: 34126421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have found that there may be qualitative changes in brain structure and function in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and prodromal schizophrenia (PDS). However, the abnormal brain structure and function of adolescents with EOS and PDS have received little attention, and their underlying neural mechanisms are still unknown. METHODS In this study, structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used to compare the subcortical volume and functional connectivity (FC) among EOS, PDS, and a control group. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PNASS) questionnaire was used for clinical evaluation. Structural MRI was used to calculate cortical-based morphological volume and subcortical volume, and resting-state fMRI was used to analyze seed-based FC. RESULTS Structural MRI analyses showed that the gray matter volume of the hippocampus in EOS was significantly smaller than that in the control group, and the gray matter volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus in PDS was significantly smaller than that in the control group. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that the gray matter volume of the hippocampus was significantly negatively correlated with the negative symptom score of PANSS in EOS. When the hippocampus was used as the seed, fMRI analysis found that the FC between the hippocampus and the posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus in EOS was significantly weaker than that in the control group. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the brain structure and function are abnormal in EOS and PDS, with abnormalities mainly concentrated in the limbic system, including the hippocampus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, cingulate gyrus, and precuneus. These findings provide a new direction for early intervention and improvement of the prognosis of schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guanqun Yao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital/First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Mental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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8
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Mi L, Wang L, Li X, She S, Li H, Huang H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhao J, Ning Y, Zheng Y. Reduction of phonetic mismatch negativity may depict illness course and predict functional outcomes in schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:290-297. [PMID: 33735719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by a series of cognitive impairments, including automatic processing impairment of basic auditory information, indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN). Existing studies mainly focus on MMN induced by deviant of single acoustic features, and relatively few studies have focused on complex acoustic stimuli, especially speech-induced MMN. Many cognitive impairments in SZ are related to speech function. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the reduction of phonetic MMN in SZ as a potential biomarker and its relationship with illness course and functional outcomes. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded from 32 SZ and 32 healthy controls (HC) in a double oddball paradigm, with /da/ as the standard stimulus and /ba/ and /du/ as the deviant stimuli. MMN was computed for vowel and consonant deviants separately. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Rating Scale (PANSS). Illness duration and illness relapse were acquired by combining clinical interviews and electronic medical records. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF). Compared with HC, SZ showed lower amplitudes of phonetic MMN, especially for vowel deviants. In addition, the MMN amplitude of the vowel deviant was significantly correlated with illness duration, illness relapse, and functional outcomes among patients with SZ. These findings indicate that the pre-attentive automatic phonetic processing of SZ was impaired for both consonants and vowels, while the vowel processing deficit may be the key speech processing deficit in SZ, which could depict the illness course and predict the functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mi
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Le Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Xuanzi Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Shenglin She
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Haijing Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Huiyan Huang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China; Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chinese National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, Chinese National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, China.
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Hsieh MH, Chien YL, Gau SSF. Mismatch negativity and P3a in drug-naive adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychol Med 2021; 52:1-11. [PMID: 33706818 PMCID: PMC9772912 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often display over-response to stimuli that are irrelevant to the ongoing task, and their attentional abilities disproportionately worsen in the presence of competing stimuli. Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) such as mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a using the passive oddball paradigm have been studied in children and adolescents with ADHD. Still, there is no such data for adults with ADHD. This study aimed to compare the MMN and P3a and their clinical and neurocognitive correlations between drug-naive adults with ADHD and control adults. METHODS We recruited 52 adults with ADHD (26.5 ± 6.2 years), and 62 age-matched controls (25.6 ± 5.6 years). They received the psychiatric interviews, auditory ERP, the Conners' continuous performance test (CCPT), and the Cambridge gambling test (CGT). They also completed the questionnaires about ADHD symptoms and real-world executive functions. MMN and P3a were assessed during a passive duration-deviant auditory oddball paradigm from the midline electrodes Cz. RESULTS Adults with ADHD demonstrated smaller Cz MMN amplitude, more severe ADHD symptoms, poorer attention profiles (CCPT), and a wide range of executive dysfunctions than controls. As for the correlates, Cz peak amplitude of MMN correlated with inattention symptoms, executive dysfunctions, attentional vigilance (CCPT), and decision-making (CGT) in ADHD adults but only with decision-making in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings that smaller amplitude of MMN and its differential associated pattern with inattention, real-world executive dysfunction, and decision-making, in drug-naive adults with ADHD from adult controls, provide evidence to support the potential electrophysiological biomarker for adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming H. Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Perrottelli A, Giordano GM, Brando F, Giuliani L, Mucci A. EEG-Based Measures in At-Risk Mental State and Early Stages of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:653642. [PMID: 34017273 PMCID: PMC8129021 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.653642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Electrophysiological (EEG) abnormalities in subjects with schizophrenia have been largely reported. In the last decades, research has shifted to the identification of electrophysiological alterations in the prodromal and early phases of the disorder, focusing on the prediction of clinical and functional outcome. The identification of neuronal aberrations in subjects with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) and in those at ultra high-risk (UHR) or clinical high-risk (CHR) to develop a psychosis is crucial to implement adequate interventions, reduce the rate of transition to psychosis, as well as the risk of irreversible functioning impairment. The aim of the review is to provide an up-to-date synthesis of the electrophysiological findings in the at-risk mental state and early stages of schizophrenia. Methods: A systematic review of English articles using Pubmed, Scopus, and PsychINFO was undertaken in July 2020. Additional studies were identified by hand-search. Electrophysiological studies that included at least one group of FEP or subjects at risk to develop psychosis, compared to healthy controls (HCs), were considered. The heterogeneity of the studies prevented a quantitative synthesis. Results: Out of 319 records screened, 133 studies were included in a final qualitative synthesis. Included studies were mainly carried out using frequency analysis, microstates and event-related potentials. The most common findings included an increase in delta and gamma power, an impairment in sensory gating assessed through P50 and N100 and a reduction of Mismatch Negativity and P300 amplitude in at-risk mental state and early stages of schizophrenia. Progressive changes in some of these electrophysiological measures were associated with transition to psychosis and disease course. Heterogeneous data have been reported for indices evaluating synchrony, connectivity, and evoked-responses in different frequency bands. Conclusions: Multiple EEG-indices were altered during at-risk mental state and early stages of schizophrenia, supporting the hypothesis that cerebral network dysfunctions appear already before the onset of the disorder. Some of these alterations demonstrated association with transition to psychosis or poor functional outcome. However, heterogeneity in subjects' inclusion criteria, clinical measures and electrophysiological methods prevents drawing solid conclusions. Large prospective studies are needed to consolidate findings concerning electrophysiological markers of clinical and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Brando
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Giuliani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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11
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Memory Impairments and Psychosis Prediction: A Scoping Review and Theoretical Overview. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:521-545. [PMID: 33226539 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impairments in memory functions are among the most robust correlates of schizophrenia and of poor functional outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorders. Prospective, longitudinal studies are crucial to determining the meaning of these deficits in relation to mechanisms associated with the onset and course of these disorders.The objective of this review is to examine the literature concerning premorbid memory impairments during the prodromal phase of psychosis to address three primary questions 1) are memory impairments present among individuals with a clinical high risk syndrome? 2) are memory deficits in clinical high risk cases predictive of future conversion to psychosis? and 3) what are the underlying neural correlates of memory impairment in clinical high risk individuals and are they also predictive of future conversion?PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched. The primary inclusion criteria were to select studies that 1) were original research articles published in a peer-reviewed journal in the past 25 years, 2) studied subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis or in the prodromal phase of illness, and 3) included examinations into verbal memory performance in those at clinical high risk for psychosis.64 articles were identified and screened for eligibility. The review included 34 studies investigating verbal memory impairment in clinical high risk individuals compared to controls. The average effect size of verbal learning total recall was .58, indicating a moderate level of impairment in verbal learning among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis as compared to healthy controls. Of studies that predicted time to conversion, indices of memory, particularly declarative and verbal working memory, were especially predictive of future conversion. Finally, when examining investigations of the neural correlates of memory dysfunction in the clinical high risk state, findings suggest altered activation and functional connectivity among medial temporal lobe regions may underlie differences in memory performance between clinical high risk individuals and healthy controls.Findings to date strongly indicate that memory impairments are present during the premorbid phase of psychosis and that verbal memory impairment in particular is predictive of future conversion to psychosis. Evidence from fMRI studies is fairly consistent in showing greater activation of memory-related regions during retrieval among clinical high risk cases who convert, with less consistent evidence of altered functional connectivity in the encoding phase. These findings support the use of verbal learning and memory measures in the psychosis prediction and prevention field.
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12
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Oribe N, Hirano Y, Del Re E, Mesholam-Gately RI, Woodberry KA, Ueno T, Kanba S, Onitsuka T, Shenton ME, Spencer KM, Niznikiewicz MA. Longitudinal evaluation of visual P300 amplitude in clinical high-risk subjects: An event-related potential study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:527-534. [PMID: 32519778 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM We previously reported abnormal P300 and N200 in a visual oddball task, and progressive P300 amplitude reduction at 1-year follow-up in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. P300 reduction as well as intact P1/N1 were also observed in clinical high-risk subjects (CHR), but whether or not these components change over time is unknown. This study evaluates, longitudinally, the visual P300, as well as P1, N1, and N200, in CHR. METHODS Visual event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded twice, once at baseline and once at 1-year follow-up in CHR (n = 19) and healthy comparison subjects (HC; n = 28). Participants silently counted infrequent target stimuli ('x') among standard stimuli ('y') presented on the screen while the 64-channel electroencephalogram was recorded. RESULTS No CHR converted to psychosis from baseline to 1-year follow-up in this study. Visual P300 amplitude was reduced and the latency was delayed significantly in CHR at both time points compared with HC. Furthermore, CHR subjects who had more positive symptoms showed more amplitude reduction at both time points. P1, N1, and N200 did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION Visual P300 amplitude was found to be reduced in CHR individuals compared with HC. We note that this finding is in subjects who did not convert to psychosis at 1-year follow-up. The association between visual P300 amplitude and symptoms suggests that for CHR who often experience clinical symptoms and seek medical care, visual P300 may be an important index that reflects the pathophysiological impairment underlying such clinical states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Oribe
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, Yoshinogari, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Del Re
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, and Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, USA
| | - Raquelle I Mesholam-Gately
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Kristen A Woodberry
- Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Division of Public Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, USA
| | - Takefumi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization, Hizen Psychiatric Medical Center, Yoshinogari, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
- Japan Depression Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, and Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Neural Dynamics Laboratory, Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, USA
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13
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Laurens KR, Murphy J, Dickson H, Roberts RE, Gutteridge TP. Trajectories of Mismatch Negativity and P3a Amplitude Development From Ages 9 to 16 Years in Children With Risk Factors for Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:1085-1094. [PMID: 32981879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a amplitude reductions are robust abnormalities of sensory information processing in schizophrenia, but they are variably present in different profiles of risk (family history vs. clinical high risk) for the disorder. This study aimed to determine whether these abnormalities characterize children presenting replicated risk factors for schizophrenia, using longitudinal assessment over the ages of 9-16 years in children with multiple replicated antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz) and with family history of schizophrenia (FHx), relative to typically developing (TD) peers. METHODS A total of 105 children (52 female) sampled from the community were assessed at ages 9-12 years and approximately 2 and 4 years later. Linear mixed models were fitted to MMN and P3a peak amplitudes and latencies, with intercept and slope estimates from 32 ASz and 28 FHx children compared with those of 45 TD peers. RESULTS In ASz relative to TD children, MMN amplitude initially increased and then prominently decreased during adolescence. Both ASz and FHx children had greater P3a amplitude than TD children at 11 years, which decreased with age, in contrast to P3a amplitude increasing during adolescence in TD youths. MMN abnormalities were specific to ASz children who continued to present symptoms during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Age-dependent MMN and P3a abnormalities demarcate adolescent development of ASz and FHx from TD children, with auditory change detection abnormalities specific to ASz children with continuing symptoms and attention-orienting abnormalities characterizing both ASz and FHx risk profiles. Follow-up is required to determine whether these abnormalities index vulnerability for schizophrenia or an illness nonspecific developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin R Laurens
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer Murphy
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Dickson
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Roberts
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Kantor Centre of Excellence, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tiffany P Gutteridge
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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14
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Hamilton HK, Boos AK, Mathalon DH. Electroencephalography and Event-Related Potential Biomarkers in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:294-303. [PMID: 32507388 PMCID: PMC8300573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes vary among youths at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P), with approximately 20% progressing to full-blown psychosis over 2 to 3 years and 30% achieving remission. Recent research efforts have focused on identifying biomarkers that precede psychosis onset and enhance the accuracy of clinical outcome prediction in CHR-P individuals, with the ultimate goal of developing staged treatment approaches based on the individual's level of risk. Identifying such biomarkers may also facilitate progress toward understanding pathogenic mechanisms underlying psychosis onset, which may support the development of mechanistically informed early interventions for psychosis. In recent years, electroencephalography-based event-related potential measures with established sensitivity to schizophrenia have gained traction in the study of CHR-P and its clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the evidence for event-related potential abnormalities in CHR-P and discuss how they inform our understanding of information processing deficits as vulnerability markers for emerging psychosis and as indicators of future outcomes. Among the measures studied, P300 and mismatch negativity are notable because deficits predict conversion to psychosis and/or CHR-P remission. However, the accuracy with which these and other measures predict outcomes in CHR-P has been obscured in the prior literature by the tendency to only report group-level differences, underscoring the need for inclusion of individual predictive accuracy metrics in future studies. Nevertheless, both P300 and mismatch negativity show promise as electrophysiological markers of risk for psychosis, as target engagement measures for clinical trials, and as potential translational bridges between human studies and animal models focused on novel drug development for early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Alison K Boos
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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15
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Atagun MI, Drukker M, Hall MH, Altun IK, Tatli SZ, Guloksuz S, van Os J, van Amelsvoort T. Meta-analysis of auditory P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 300:111078. [PMID: 32361172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the brain to reduce the amount of trivial or redundant sensory inputs is called gating function. Dysfunction of sensory gating may lead to cognitive fragmentation and poor real-world functioning. The auditory dual-click paradigm is a pertinent neurophysiological measure of sensory gating function. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the subcomponents of abnormal P50 waveforms in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia to assess P50 sensory gating deficits and examine effects of diagnoses, illness states (first-episode psychosis vs. schizophrenia, remission vs. episodes in bipolar disorder), and treatment status (medication-free vs. medicated). Literature search of PubMed between Jan 1st 1980 and March 31st 2019 identified 2091 records for schizophrenia, 362 for bipolar disorder. 115 studies in schizophrenia (4932 patients), 16 in bipolar disorder (975 patients) and 10 in first-degree relatives (848 subjects) met the inclusion criteria. P50 sensory gating ratio (S2/S1) and S1-S2 difference were significantly altered in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives. First-episode psychosis did not differ from schizophrenia, however episodes altered P50 sensory gating in bipolar disorder. Medications improve P50 sensory gating alterations in schizophrenia significantly and at trend level in bipolar disorder. Future studies should examine longitudinal course of P50 sensory gating in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Ilhan Atagun
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Medical School, Universities Region, Ihsan Dogramaci Boulevard. No: 6, Bilkent, Cankaya, Ankara Turkey.
| | - Marjan Drukker
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mei Hua Hall
- Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilkay Keles Altun
- Department of Psychiatry, Bursa Higher Education Training and Education Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands; King's Health Partners Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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16
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Cheng CH, Hsiao FJ, Hsieh YW, Wang PN. Dysfunction of Inferior Parietal Lobule During Sensory Gating in Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:39. [PMID: 32158387 PMCID: PMC7052059 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) demonstrate significant cognitive deficits, especially in the memory aspect. The memory deficiency might be attributed to the difficulties in the inhibitory function to suppress redundant stimuli. Sensory gating (SG) refers to the attenuation of neural responses to the second identical stimulus in a paired-click paradigm, in which auditory stimuli are delivered in pairs with inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) of 500 ms and inter-pair intervals of 6-8 s. It is considered as an electrophysiological signal to reflect the brain's automatic response to gate out repetitive sensory inputs. However, there has been no study systematically investigating SG function in aMCI patients. Thus, the present study used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record neuromagnetic responses to a paired-click paradigm in 23 healthy controls (HC) and 26 aMCI patients. The Stimulus 2/Stimulus 1 (S2/S1) amplitude ratio was used to represent the SG function. Compared to HC, aMCI patients showed M50 SG deficits in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL). M100 SG defects were also observed in the right IPL. Based on the ROIs showing significant between-group SG differences, we found that a more deficient M50 SG function in the right IPL was associated with poorer performance in the immediate recall of Logic Memory (LM), Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT) and Digit Span Backward (DSB) Test. Furthermore, the M50 SG ratios of the right IPL together with the neuropsychological performance of LM and CVVLT demonstrated very good accuracy in the discrimination of aMCI from HC. In conclusion, compared to HC, aMCI patients showed a significant SG deficit in the right IPL, which was correlated with the auditory short-term memory function. We suggest the combination of SG in the right IPL, LM and CVVLT to be sensitive indicators to differentiate aMCI patients from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Hsiao
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ning Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Tada M, Suda Y, Kirihara K, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Araki T, Kasai K, Uka T. Translatability of Scalp EEG Recordings of Duration-Deviant Mismatch Negativity Between Macaques and Humans: A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 33005162 PMCID: PMC7479845 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a negative deflection of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) elicited by an abrupt change in a sound presented repeatedly. In patients with schizophrenia, MMN is consistently reduced, which makes it a promising biomarker. A non-human primate (NHP) model of MMN based on scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings can provide a useful translational tool, given the high structural homology of the prefrontal and auditory cortices between NHPs, such as macaques, and humans. However, in previous MMN studies, the NHP models used did not allow for comparison with humans because of differences in task settings. Moreover, duration-deviant MMN (dMMN), whose reduction is larger than that in the frequency-deviant MMN (fMMN) in patients with schizophrenia, has never been demonstrated in NHP models. In this study, we determined whether dMMN can be observed in macaque scalp EEG recordings. EEGs were recorded from frontal electrodes (Fz) in two Japanese macaques. Consistent with clinical settings, auditory stimuli consisted of two pure tones, a standard and a deviant tone, in an oddball paradigm. The deviant and standard tones differed in duration (50 and 100 ms for the standard and deviant tones, respectively). A robust dMMN with a latency of around 200 ms, comparable to that in humans, was observed in both monkeys. A comparison with fMMN showed that the dMMN latency was the longer of the two. By bridging the gap between basic and clinical research, our results will contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Suda
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medical, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medical, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Brain Science Institute, Tamagawa University, Machida, Japan
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18
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Shen CL, Chou TL, Lai WS, Hsieh MH, Liu CC, Liu CM, Hwu HG. P50, N100, and P200 Auditory Sensory Gating Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:868. [PMID: 33192632 PMCID: PMC7481459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory gating describes neurological processes of filtering out redundant or unnecessary stimuli during information processing, and sensory gating deficits may contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia. Among the three components of auditory event-related potentials reflecting sensory gating, P50 implies pre-attentional filtering of sensory information and N100/P200 reflects attention triggering and allocation processes. Although diminished P50 gating has been extensively documented in patients with schizophrenia, previous studies on N100 were inconclusive, and P200 has been rarely examined. This study aimed to investigate whether patients with schizophrenia have P50, N100, and P200 gating deficits compared with control subjects. METHODS Control subjects and clinically stable schizophrenia patients were recruited. The mid-latency auditory evoked responses, comprising P50, N100, and P200, were measured using the auditory-paired click paradigm without manipulation of attention. Sensory gating parameters included S1 amplitude, S2 amplitude, amplitude difference (S1-S2), and gating ratio (S2/S1). We also evaluated schizophrenia patients with PANSS to be correlated with sensory gating indices. RESULTS One hundred four patients and 102 control subjects were examined. Compared to the control group, schizophrenia patients had significant sensory gating deficits in P50, N100, and P200, reflected by larger gating ratios and smaller amplitude differences. Further analysis revealed that the S2 amplitude of P50 was larger, while the S1 amplitude of N100/P200 was smaller, in schizophrenia patients than in the controls. We found no correlations between sensory gating indices and schizophrenia positive or negative symptom clusters. However, we found a negative correlation between the P200 S2 amplitude and Bell's emotional discomfort factor/Wallwork's depressed factor. CONCLUSION Till date, this study has the largest sample size to analyze P50, N100, and P200 collectively by adopting the passive auditory paired-click paradigm without distractors. With covariates controlled for possible confounds, such as age, education, smoking amount and retained pairs, we found that schizophrenia patients had significant sensory gating deficits in P50-N100-P200. The schizophrenia patients had demonstrated a unique pattern of sensory gating deficits, including repetition suppression deficits in P50 and stimulus registration deficits in N100/200. These results suggest that sensory gating is a pervasive cognitive abnormality in schizophrenia patients that is not limited to the pre-attentive phase of information processing. Since P200 exhibited a large effect size and did not require additional time during recruitment, future studies of P50-N100-P200 collectively are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lan Shen
- Department of General Psychiatry, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Nanto, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sung Lai
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Chien YL, Hsieh MH, Gau SSF. P50-N100-P200 sensory gating deficits in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109683. [PMID: 31260720 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory symptoms are common in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Altered sensory gating may cause sensory overload. However, whether ASD individuals have P50 gating deficits is controversial in childhood and lacks evidence in adulthood. Beyond P50, fewer studies have examined N100 or P200, although N100 is considered to be more reliable than P50. Also, the clinical correlates of these parameters are mostly unknown. This study aimed to investigate P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating in adolescents and young adults with ASD and examine their clinical correlates. In a sample of 34 ASD participants (mean age 20.6 ± 4.1, female 5.9%) and 34 sex- and age-matched typically-developing controls (TDC, mean age 20.4 ± 3.1), we investigated P50, N100, and P200 sensory gating by a paired-click paradigm, which generated the data of S1 amplitude after the first click and S2 amplitude after the second click. We found that compared to TDC, ASD participants had significant N100 suppression deficits reflected by a larger N100 S2 amplitude, smaller N100 ratio of S2 over S1, and the difference between the two amplitudes. N100 S2 amplitude was significantly associated with sensory sensitivity independent of the diagnosis. Although there was no group difference in P50 suppression, S1 amplitude was negatively associated with social deficits in ASD. P200 gating parameters were correlated with attention switching difficulty. Our findings suggest N100 gating deficit in adolescents and young adults with ASD. The relationships between P50 S1 and social deficits and between N100 S2 and sensory sensitivity warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Lavoie S, Polari AR, Goldstone S, Nelson B, McGorry PD. Staging model in psychiatry: Review of the evolution of electroencephalography abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders. Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:1319-1328. [PMID: 30688016 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Clinical staging in psychiatry aims to classify patients according to the severity of their symptoms, from stage 0 (increased risk, asymptomatic) to stage 4 (severe illness), enabling adapted treatment at each stage of the illness. The staging model would gain specificity if one or more quantifiable biological markers could be identified. Several biomarkers reflecting possible causal mechanisms and/or consequences of the pathophysiology are candidates for integration into the clinical staging model of psychiatric illnesses. METHODS This review covers the evolution (from stage 0 to stage 4) of the most important brain functioning impairments as measured with electroencephalography (EEG), in psychosis spectrum and in severe mood disorders. RESULTS The present review of the literature demonstrates that it is currently not possible to draw any conclusion with regard to the state or trait character of any of the EEG impairments in both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. As for schizophrenia, the most promising markers of the stage of the illness are the pitch mismatch negativity as well as the p300 event-related potentials, as these components seem to deteriorate with increasing severity of the illness. CONCLUSIONS Given the complexity of major psychiatric disorders, and that not a single impairment can be observed in all patients, future research should most likely consider combinations of markers in the quest for a better identification of the stages of the psychiatric illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzie Lavoie
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea R Polari
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sherilyn Goldstone
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Chang Q, Liu M, Tian Q, Wang H, Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang C. EEG-Based Brain Functional Connectivity in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients, Ultra-High-Risk Individuals, and Healthy Controls During P50 Suppression. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:379. [PMID: 31803031 PMCID: PMC6870009 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional processing of auditory sensory gating has generally been found in schizophrenic patients and ultra-high-risk (UHR) individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences of functional interaction between brain regions and performance during the P50 sensory gating in UHR group compared with those in first-episode schizophrenia patients (FESZ) and healthy controls (HC) groups. The study included 128-channel scalp Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings during the P50 auditory paradigm for 35 unmedicated FESZ, 30 drug-free UHR, and 40 HC. Cortical sources of scalp electrical activity were recomputed using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), and functional brain networks were built at the source level and compared between the groups (FESZ, UHR, HC). A classifier using decision tree was designed for differentiating the three groups, which uses demographic characteristics, MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery parameters, behavioral features in P50 paradigm, and the measures of functional brain networks based on graph theory during P50 sensory gating. The results showed that very few brain connectivities were significantly different between FESZ and UHR groups during P50 sensory gating, and that a large number of brain connectivities were significantly different between FESZ and HC groups and between UHR and HC groups. Furthermore, the FESZ group had a stronger connection in the right superior frontal gyrus and right insula than the HC group. And the UHR group had an enhanced connection in the paracentral lobule and the middle temporal gyrus compared with the HC group. Moreover, comparison of classification analysis results showed that brain network metrics during P50 sensory gating can improve the accuracy of the classification for FESZ, UHR and HC groups. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of P50 suppression in schizophrenia and could potentially improve the performance of early identification and diagnosis of schizophrenia for the earliest intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Tada M, Kirihara K, Mizutani S, Uka T, Kunii N, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Nagai T, Araki T, Kasai K. Mismatch negativity (MMN) as a tool for translational investigations into early psychosis: A review. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 145:5-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Niznikiewicz MA. Neurobiological approaches to the study of clinical and genetic high risk for developing psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 277:17-22. [PMID: 30926150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on neurobiological impairments in clinical and genetic high risk for developing psychosis individuals (CHR) has identified several brain abnormalities that impact both brain structure and function. The current review will discuss research examining brain abnormalities in clinical and genetic high risk for psychosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) focusing on structural brain abnormalities, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) focusing on the integrity of white matter tracks, functional MRI focusing on functional brain abnormalities, and EEG and event related potential (ERP) methodologies focusing on indices of cognitive dysfunction in CHR. Studies conducted across these different methodologies sought to identify brain regions and brain processes that would distinguish between those high risk individuals who converted to psychosis versus those who did not. In addition, in some of the studies, the distinction was made between individuals who converted to psychosis, those who did not, and those individuals who remained clinically symptomatic while not converting to psychosis. The brain regions most often identified as abnormal in this subject group were the brain areas often found abnormal in schizophrenia, including frontal and temporal regions. Similarly, several cognitive processes often found to be abnormal in schizophrenia have been also found impaired in CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- Harvard Medical School and Veterans Administration Boston, Healthcare System, United States.
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24
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Huang WL, Liu CY, Liu HM, Liu CM, Hsieh MH. Sex as a Moderating Factor in the Relationship Between Hippocampal Volume and Sensory Gating in Patients With Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:227-230. [PMID: 30862179 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419830562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Building on the knowledge of sex differences in auditory sensory gating in schizophrenia and hippocampal involvement in sensory gating, this study aimed to investigate sex as a potential moderator of the association between hippocampal volume and P50 in schizophrenia. Auditory P50 gating and hippocampal volume were measured in 16 male and 15 female patients with schizophrenia. The correlations between hippocampal volume and P50 were analyzed in males and females separately, corrected for potential confounders, including age, duration of illness, and antipsychotic medication. Different associative patterns of hippocampal volume with P50 gating ratio and with P50 difference were found by sex. The results suggest sex may play a role in the physiology of sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lieh Huang
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin.,2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.,4 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Chao-Yu Liu
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Hon-Man Liu
- 5 Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- 2 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei.,3 Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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25
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Larsen KM, Dzafic I, Siebner HR, Garrido MI. Alteration of functional brain architecture in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome – Insights into susceptibility for psychosis. Neuroimage 2019; 190:154-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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26
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Hsieh MH, Lin YT, Chien YL, Hwang TJ, Hwu HG, Liu CM, Liu CC. Auditory Event-Related Potentials in Antipsychotic-Free Subjects With Ultra-High-Risk State and First-Episode Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:223. [PMID: 31037058 PMCID: PMC6476279 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) have been utilized to study defective information processing of patients with schizophrenia. To delineate the pathophysiological processes from pre-psychotic state to first-episode psychosis, a study on subjects from ultra-high-risk (UHR) state to first-episode psychosis, ideally in an antipsychotic-free condition, can add important information to our understanding. Methods: Patients with UHR state or at their first-episode psychosis (FEP) who were drug-naive or only have been temporarily treated with antipsychotics were assessed by auditory ERPs measurement, including P50/N100 (sensory gating) and duration mismatch negativity (MMN; deviance detection). A group of age-matched healthy subjects served as their controls. Results: A total of 42 patients (23 UHR and 19 FEP) and 120 control subjects were recruited, including 21 pure drug-naive and 21 with very short exposure to antipsychotics. Collapsing FEP and UHR as a patient group, they exhibited significant sensory deficits manifested as larger P50 S2 amplitude, larger N100 ratio, and smaller N100 difference, and significantly less deviance detection response revealed by MMN. Such differences were less significant when treating FEP and UHR separately for comparisons. Comparisons of ERP results between drug-naive subjects and antipsychotic-short-exposure subjects revealed no significant difference in any P50/N100 and MMN parameter. Conclusion: Our study is one of the few studies focused on drug-naive or minimally treated patients at pre- or early-psychotic states. Our results exhibited impaired performance in sensory gating and deviance detection shown by certain parameters. A longitudinal study with larger sample sizes will be helpful to provide more evidence to elucidate the role of antipsychotics on an individual's neurophysiological performance at different stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Hsieh MH, Liu HH. Points that need attention in auditory N100 gating research in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 130:196. [PMID: 30497935 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, and Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Rosburg T. Auditory N100 gating in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:2099-2111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Association between mismatch negativity and voxel-based brain volume in schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1899-1906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Lepock JR, Mizrahi R, Korostil M, Bagby RM, Pang EW, Kiang M. Event-Related Potentials in the Clinical High-Risk (CHR) State for Psychosis: A Systematic Review. Clin EEG Neurosci 2018; 49:215-225. [PMID: 29382210 DOI: 10.1177/1550059418755212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that identification and treatment of individuals in the prodromal or clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis can reduce the probability that they will develop a psychotic disorder. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) are a noninvasive neurophysiological technique that holds promise for improving our understanding of neurocognitive processes underlying the CHR state. We aimed to systematically review the current literature on cognitive ERP studies of the CHR population, in order to summarize and synthesize the results, and their implications for our understanding of the CHR state. Across studies, amplitudes of the auditory P300 and duration mismatch negativity (MMN) ERPs appear reliably reduced in CHR individuals, suggesting that underlying impairments in detecting changes in auditory stimuli are a sensitive early marker of the psychotic disease process. There are more limited data indicating that an earlier-latency auditory ERP response, the N100, is also reduced in amplitude, and in the degree to which it is modulated by stimulus characteristics, in the CHR population. There is also evidence that a number of auditory ERP measures (including P300, MMN and N100 amplitudes, and N100 gating in response to repeated stimuli) can further refine our ability to detect which CHR individuals are most at risk for developing psychosis. Thus, further research is warranted to optimize the predictive power of algorithms incorporating these measures, which could help efforts to target psychosis prevention interventions toward those most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Lepock
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Korostil
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,4 Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Michael Bagby
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,5 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,6 Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,7 Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- 1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,2 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Larsen KM, Mørup M, Birknow MR, Fischer E, Hulme O, Vangkilde A, Schmock H, Baaré WFC, Didriksen M, Olsen L, Werge T, Siebner HR, Garrido MI. Altered auditory processing and effective connectivity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Schizophr Res 2018; 197:328-336. [PMID: 29395612 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is one of the most common copy number variants and confers a markedly increased risk for schizophrenia. As such, 22q11.2DS is a homogeneous genetic liability model which enables studies to delineate functional abnormalities that may precede disease onset. Mismatch negativity (MMN), a brain marker of change detection, is reduced in people with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Using dynamic causal modelling (DCM), previous studies showed that top-down effective connectivity linking the frontal and temporal cortex is reduced in schizophrenia relative to healthy controls in MMN tasks. In the search for early risk-markers for schizophrenia we investigated the neural basis of change detection in a group with 22q11.2DS. We recorded high-density EEG from 19 young non-psychotic 22q11.2 deletion carriers, as well as from 27 healthy non-carriers with comparable age distribution and sex ratio, while they listened to a sequence of sounds arranged in a roving oddball paradigm. Despite finding no significant reduction in the MMN responses, whole-scalp spatiotemporal analysis of responses to the tones revealed a greater fronto-temporal N1 component in the 22q11.2 deletion carriers. DCM showed reduced intrinsic connection within right primary auditory cortex as well as in the top-down, connection from the right inferior frontal gyrus to right superior temporal gyrus for 22q11.2 deletion carriers although not surviving correction for multiple comparison. We discuss these findings in terms of reduced adaptation and a general increased sensitivity to tones in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Melissa Larsen
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; DTU Compute, Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark.
| | - Morten Mørup
- DTU Compute, Cognitive Systems, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Michelle Rosgaard Birknow
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Synaptic Transmission, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Elvira Fischer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Oliver Hulme
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anders Vangkilde
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henriette Schmock
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - William Frans Christiaan Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Line Olsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta I Garrido
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Avissar M, Xie S, Vail B, Lopez-Calderon J, Wang Y, Javitt DC. Meta-analysis of mismatch negativity to simple versus complex deviants in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:25-34. [PMID: 28709770 PMCID: PMC5745291 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) deficits in schizophrenia (SCZ) have been studied extensively since the early 1990s, with the vast majority of studies using simple auditory oddball task deviants that vary in a single acoustic dimension such as pitch or duration. There has been a growing interest in using more complex deviants that violate more abstract rules to probe higher order cognitive deficits. It is still unclear how sensory processing deficits compare to and contribute to higher order cognitive dysfunction, which can be investigated with later attention-dependent auditory event-related potential (ERP) components such as a subcomponent of P300, P3b. In this meta-analysis, we compared MMN deficits in SCZ using simple deviants to more complex deviants. We also pooled studies that measured MMN and P3b in the same study sample and examined the relationship between MMN and P3b deficits within study samples. Our analysis reveals that, to date, studies using simple deviants demonstrate larger deficits than those using complex deviants, with effect sizes in the range of moderate to large. The difference in effect sizes between deviant types was reduced significantly when accounting for magnitude of MMN measured in healthy controls. P3b deficits, while large, were only modestly greater than MMN deficits (d=0.21). Taken together, our findings suggest that MMN to simple deviants may still be optimal as a biomarker for SCZ and that sensory processing dysfunction contributes significantly to MMN deficit and disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Avissar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Shanghong Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Blair Vail
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Javier Lopez-Calderon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Yuanjia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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Mikanmaa E, Grent-'t-Jong T, Hua L, Recasens M, Thune H, Uhlhaas PJ. Towards a neurodynamical understanding of the prodrome in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2017; 190:144-153. [PMID: 29175199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of schizophrenia that could inform novel treatment developments is an important objective of current research. This paper will summarize recent work that has investigated changes in oscillatory activity and event-related potentials with Electro/Magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) in participants at high-risk for the development of schizophrenia, highlighting disruptions in sensory and cognitive operations prior to the onset of the syndrome. Changes in EEG/MEG-data are consistent with evidence for alterations in Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission as disclosed by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and brain stimulation, indicating changes in Excitation/Inhibition balance parameters prior to the onset of psychosis. Together these data emphasize the importance of research into neuronal dynamics as a crucial approach to establish functional relationships between impairments in neural circuits and emerging psychopathology that together could be fundamental for early intervention and the identification of novel treatments for emerging psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Mikanmaa
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Lingling Hua
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marc Recasens
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hanna Thune
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Spatio-temporal source cluster analysis reveals fronto-temporal auditory change processing differences within a shared autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 16:383-389. [PMID: 28861339 PMCID: PMC5568880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Social Disorganisation (SD) is a shared autistic and schizotypal phenotype that is present in the subclinical population. Auditory processing deficits, particularly in mismatch negativity/field (MMN/F) have been reported across both spectrum disorders. This study investigates differences in MMN/F cortical spatio-temporal source activity between higher and lower quintiles of the SD spectrum. Sixteen low (9 female) and 19 high (9 female) SD subclinical adults (18–40years) underwent magnetoencephalography (MEG) during an MMF paradigm where standard tones (50ms) were interrupted by infrequent duration deviants (100ms). Spatio-temporal source cluster analysis with permutation testing revealed no difference between the groups in source activation to the standard tone. To the deviant tone however, there was significantly reduced right hemisphere fronto-temporal and insular cortex activation for the high SD group (p= 0.038). The MMF, as a product of the cortical response to the deviant minus that to the standard, did not differ significantly between the high and low Social Disorganisation groups. These data demonstrate a deficit in right fronto-temporal processing of an auditory change for those with more of the shared SD phenotype, indicating that right fronto-temporal auditory processing may be associated with psychosocial functioning. Autism and schizotypal spectra share a trait phenotype, Social Disorganisation (SD). Auditory mismatch paradigm demonstrates processing differences between high and low SD. High SD scorers have reduced fronto-temporal response to auditory change. Reduced fronto-temporal source activation in high SD is right lateralised. Psychosocial function is related to auditory deviant processing.
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Salisbury DF, Polizzotto NR, Nestor PG, Haigh SM, Koehler J, McCarley RW. Pitch and Duration Mismatch Negativity and Premorbid Intellect in the First Hospitalized Schizophrenia Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:407-416. [PMID: 27231308 PMCID: PMC5605266 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a robustly abnormal brainwave in chronically ill schizophrenia that has generated interest as a disease presence biomarker. Reports of MMN reduction in first-episode schizophrenia have been equivocal, raising uncertainty about its reduction at first psychotic break. Here we tested 29 schizophrenia-spectrum participants under 1 year from their first hospitalization for psychosis and 40 age-, gender-, parental socioeconomic status-, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales III Information-matched healthy controls on both pitch and duration MMN. Participants performed a visual checkerboard tracking task while standard (1kHz, 50ms, 80%), pitch-deviant (1.2kHz, 50ms, 10%) and duration-deviant (1kHz, 100ms, 10%) tones were presented over headphones (75 dB) and EEG was recorded. Independent component analysis was used to remove eye movements and visual stimulus processing activity. Groups did not differ in pitch MMN or duration MMN amplitudes. Smaller pitch and duration MMN amplitudes were associated with lower estimates of premorbid intellect in all participants and independently with greater positive symptoms in first hospitalized schizophrenia. Overall MMN reduction was not present in these relatively high functioning individuals at the first episode of schizophrenia, and therefore is not a good disease presence biomarker for this sample. Future research is warranted to determine the degree of MMN reduction at the first episode of psychosis across a greater range of cognitive impairment, the utility of MMN as an indicator of risk or diagnosis, and its role for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms in emerging psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean F Salisbury
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola R Polizzotto
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul G Nestor
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah M Haigh
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justine Koehler
- Clinical Neurophysiology Research Laboratory, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
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Ford TC, Woods W, Crewther DP. Mismatch field latency, but not power, may mark a shared autistic and schizotypal trait phenotype. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 116:60-67. [PMID: 28235554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN), a preattentive processing potential, and its magnetic counterpart (MMF) are consistently reported as reduced in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. This study investigates whether MMF characteristics differ between subclinically high and low scorers on the recently discovered shared autism and schizophrenia phenotype, Social Disorganisation. A total of 18 low (10 females) and 19 high (9 females) Social Disorganisation scorers underwent magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a MMF paradigm of 50ms standard (1000Hz, 85%) and 100ms duration deviant tones. MMF was measured from the strongest active magnetometer over the right and left hemispheres (consistent across groups) after 100ms. No differences in MMF power were found, however there was a significant delay in the MMF peak (p=0.007). The P3am (following the MMF) was significantly reduced across both hemispheres for the high Social Disorganisation group (p=0.025), there were no specific hemispheric differences in P3am power or latency. Right MMF peak latency increased with higher scores on the schizotypal subscales Odd Speech, Odd Behaviour and Constricted Affect. Findings suggest that MMF peak latency delay marks a convergence of the autism and schizophrenia spectra at a subclinical. These findings have significant implications for future research methodology, as well as clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Ford
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Will Woods
- Brain and Psychological Science Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David P Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Atkinson RJ, Fulham WR, Michie PT, Ward PB, Todd J, Stain H, Langdon R, Thienel R, Paulik G, Cooper G, Schall U. Electrophysiological, cognitive and clinical profiles of at-risk mental state: The longitudinal Minds in Transition (MinT) study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171657. [PMID: 28187217 PMCID: PMC5302824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of schizophrenia is typically preceded by a prodromal period lasting several years during which sub-threshold symptoms may be identified retrospectively. Clinical interviews are currently used to identify individuals who have an ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing a psychotic illness with a view to provision of interventions that prevent, delay or reduce severity of future mental health issues. The utility of bio-markers as an adjunct in the identification of UHR individuals is not yet established. Several event-related potential measures, especially mismatch-negativity (MMN), have been identified as potential biomarkers for schizophrenia. In this 12-month longitudinal study, demographic, clinical and neuropsychological data were acquired from 102 anti-psychotic naive UHR and 61 healthy controls, of whom 80 UHR and 58 controls provided valid EEG data during a passive auditory task at baseline. Despite widespread differences between UHR and controls on demographic, clinical and neuropsychological measures, MMN and P3a did not differ between these groups. Of 67 UHR at the 12-month follow-up, 7 (10%) had transitioned to a psychotic illness. The statistical power to detect differences between those who did or did not transition was limited by the lower than expected transition rate. ERPs did not predict transition, with trends in the opposite direction to that predicted. In exploratory analysis, the strongest predictors of transition were measures of verbal memory and subjective emotional disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebbekah J. Atkinson
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - W. Ross Fulham
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Patricia T. Michie
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip B. Ward
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen Stain
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health, Bloomfield Hospital, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Horsforth Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Langdon
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and Its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renate Thienel
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Institute for Mental Health, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgie Paulik
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Cooper
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Ulrich Schall
- Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, Australia
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38
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Haigh SM, Coffman BA, Salisbury DF. Mismatch Negativity in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis. Clin EEG Neurosci 2017; 48:3-10. [PMID: 27170669 PMCID: PMC5768309 DOI: 10.1177/1550059416645980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) to deviant stimuli is robustly smaller in individuals with chronic schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (Cohen's d > 1.0 or more), leading to the possibility of MMN being used as a biomarker for schizophrenia. However, there is some debate in the literature as to whether MMN is reliably reduced in first-episode schizophrenia patients. For the biomarker to be used as a predictive marker for schizophrenia, it should be reduced in the majority of cases known to have the disease, particularly at disease onset. We conducted a meta-analysis on the fourteen studies that measured MMN to pitch or duration deviants in healthy controls and patients within 12 months of their first episode of schizophrenia. The overall effect size showed no MMN reduction in first-episode patients to pitch-deviants (Cohen's d < 0.04), and a small-to-medium reduction to duration-deviants (Cohen's d = 0.47). Together, this indicates that pitch-deviant MMN is not a candidate biomarker for schizophrenia prediction, while duration-deviant MMN may hold some promise, albeit nearly a third as large an effect as in chronic schizophrenia. Potential causes for discrepancies between studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Haigh
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian A Coffman
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Broyd SJ, Michie PT, Bruggemann J, van Hell HH, Greenwood LM, Croft RJ, Todd J, Lenroot R, Solowij N. Schizotypy and auditory mismatch negativity in a non-clinical sample of young adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:83-91. [PMID: 27388803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia may be conceptualised using a dimensional approach to examine trait-like expression such as schizotypy within non-clinical populations to better understand pathophysiology. A candidate psychosis-risk marker, the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is thought to index the functionality of glutamatergic NMDA receptor mediated neurotransmission. Although the MMN is robustly reduced in patients with schizophrenia, the association between MMN and schizotypy in the general population is under-investigated. Thirty-five healthy participants completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and a multi-feature MMN paradigm (standards 82%, 50ms, 1000Hz, 80dB) with duration (100ms), frequency (1200Hz) and intensity (90dB) deviants (6% each). Spearman's correlations were used to explore the association between schizotypal personality traits and MMN amplitude. Few associations were identified between schizotypal traits and MMN. Higher Suspiciousness subscale scores tended to be correlated with larger frequency MMN amplitude. A median-split comparison of the sample on Suspiciousness scores showed larger MMN (irrespective of deviant condition) in the High compared to the Low Suspiciousness group. The trend-level association between MMN and Suspiciousness is in contrast to the robustly attenuated MMN amplitude observed in schizophrenia. Reductions in MMN may reflect a schizophrenia-disease state, whereas non-clinical schizotypy may not be subserved by similar neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Broyd
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Patricia T Michie
- School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Bruggemann
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hendrika H van Hell
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Greenwood
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Croft
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Juanita Todd
- School of Psychology and Priority Research Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Rhoshel Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology, Centre for Health Initiatives and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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40
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Erickson MA, Ruffle A, Gold JM. A Meta-Analysis of Mismatch Negativity in Schizophrenia: From Clinical Risk to Disease Specificity and Progression. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:980-7. [PMID: 26444073 PMCID: PMC4775447 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that mismatch negativity (MMN) is consistently impaired in schizophrenia has generated considerable interest in the use of this biomarker as an index of disease risk and progression. Despite such enthusiasm, a number of issues remain unresolved regarding the nature of MMN impairment. The present study expands upon an earlier meta-analysis of MMN impairment in schizophrenia by examining impairment across a range of clinical presentations, as well as across experimental parameters. METHODS One hundred one samples of schizophrenia patients were included in the present study, including first-episode (n = 13), chronic (n = 13), and mixed-stage (n = 75) samples. Additionally, MMN was examined in three related conditions: bipolar disorder (n = 9), unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 8), and clinical high risk (n = 16). RESULTS We found that MMN impairment 1) likely reflects a vulnerability to disease progression in clinical high-risk populations rather than a genetic risk for the condition; 2) is largely unrelated to duration of illness after the first few years of illness, indicating that impairment is not progressive throughout the life span; 3) is present in bipolar disorder, albeit to a lesser degree than in schizophrenia; and 4) is not modulated by experimental parameters such as magnitude of change between standard and deviant tones or frequency of deviant tones but may be modulated by attentional demands. CONCLUSIONS Such findings lay the foundation for a better understanding of the nature of MMN impairment in schizophrenia, as well as its potential as a clinically useful biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A. Erickson
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Univeristy of Maryland School of Medicine,Corresponding author's contact information: 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, MD 21228.
| | - Abigail Ruffle
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Univeristy of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - James M. Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Univeristy of Maryland School of Medicine
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41
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Carney R, Cotter J, Bradshaw T, Firth J, Yung AR. Cardiometabolic risk factors in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2016; 170:290-300. [PMID: 26794596 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physical health of people with schizophrenia is poor, and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy lifestyles and side-effects of antipsychotic medication contribute to cardiometabolic dysfunction. Yet it is unclear when this unhealthy profile starts. We aimed to see if people at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) have increased rates of cardiometabolic risk factors. METHOD An electronic search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted on 1st May 2015 using terms associated with the ultra-high risk state and health. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed English language research articles with populations that met at-risk diagnostic criteria and reported cardiometabolic risk factors. A meta-analysis was conducted on smoking data, the cardiometabolic risk factor that yielded the most studies. RESULTS Forty-seven eligible studies were identified. UHR samples had low levels of physical activity, and high rates of smoking and alcohol abuse compared with controls. No differences were found for body mass index. An overall pooled rate of smoking for UHR participants was 33% (95% CI=0.24-0.42) and significantly more UHR individuals smoked compared with controls with a pooled odds ratio of 2.3 (P<0.05; 95% CI=-1.48-3.48). CONCLUSIONS UHR samples display cardiometabolic risk factors which are largely modifiable. The UHR phase is an important opportunity for early intervention services to improve physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Carney
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Jack Cotter
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tim Bradshaw
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alison R Yung
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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42
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N100 Repetition Suppression Indexes Neuroplastic Defects in Clinical High Risk and Psychotic Youth. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:4209831. [PMID: 26881109 PMCID: PMC4737454 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4209831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly penetrant mutations leading to schizophrenia are enriched for genes coding for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor signaling complex (NMDAR-SC), implicating plasticity defects in the disease's pathogenesis. The importance of plasticity in neurodevelopment implies a role for therapies that target these mechanisms in early life to prevent schizophrenia. Testing such therapies requires noninvasive methods that can assess engagement of target mechanisms. The auditory N100 is an obligatory cortical response whose amplitude decreases with tone repetition. This adaptation may index the health of plasticity mechanisms required for normal development. We exposed participants aged 5 to 17 years with psychosis (n = 22), at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (n = 29), and healthy controls (n = 17) to an auditory tone repeated 450 times and measured N100 adaptation (mean amplitude during first 150 tones − mean amplitude during last 150 tones). N100 adaptation was reduced in CHR and psychosis, particularly among participants <13 years old. Initial N100 blunting partially accounted for differences. Decreased change in the N100 amplitude with tone repetition may be a useful marker of defects in neuroplastic mechanisms measurable early in life.
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Gonzalez-Heydrich J, Enlow MB, D’Angelo E, Seidman B LJ, Gumlak S, Kim A, Woodberry KA, Rober A, Tembulkar S, Graber K, O’Donnell K, Hamoda HM, Kimball K, Rotenberg A, Oberman LM, Pascual-Leone A, Keshavan MS, Duffy FH. Early auditory processing evoked potentials (N100) show a continuum of blunting from clinical high risk to psychosis in a pediatric sample. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:340-345. [PMID: 26549629 PMCID: PMC4821005 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N100 is a negative deflection in the surface EEG approximately 100 ms after an auditory signal. It has been shown to be reduced in individuals with schizophrenia and those at clinical high risk (CHR). N100 blunting may index neural network dysfunction underlying psychotic symptoms. This phenomenon has received little attention in pediatric populations. METHOD This cross-sectional study compared the N100 response measured via the average EEG response at the left medial frontal position FC1 to 150 sinusoidal tones in participants ages 5 to 17 years with a CHR syndrome (n=29), a psychotic disorder (n=22), or healthy controls (n=17). RESULTS Linear regression analyses that considered potential covariates (age, gender, handedness, family mental health history, medication usage) revealed decreasing N100 amplitude with increasing severity of psychotic symptomatology from healthy to CHR to psychotic level. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal assessment of the N100 in CHR children who do and do not develop psychosis will inform whether it predicts transition to psychosis and if its response to treatment predicts symptom change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich
- Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Eugene D’Angelo
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Larry J. Seidman B
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Research Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sarah Gumlak
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - April Kim
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristen A. Woodberry
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Research Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ashley Rober
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sahil Tembulkar
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kelsey Graber
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kyle O’Donnell
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hesham M. Hamoda
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kara Kimball
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Oberman
- E.P. Bradley Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Neuroplasticity and Autism Spectrum Disorder Program and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, 1011 Veterans Memorial Parkway, East Providence, RI 02915, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Cognitive Neurology and Berenson-Allen Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matcheri S. Keshavan
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Commonwealth Research Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank H. Duffy
- Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bodatsch M, Brockhaus-Dumke A, Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S. Forecasting psychosis by event-related potentials-systematic review and specific meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:951-8. [PMID: 25636178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediction and prevention of psychosis have become major research topics. Clinical approaches warrant objective biological parameters to enhance validity in prediction of psychosis onset. In this regard, event-related potentials (ERPs) have been identified as promising tools for improving psychosis prediction. METHODS Herein, the focus is on sensory gating, mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300, thereby discussing which parameters allow for a timely and valid detection of future converters to psychosis. In a first step, we systematically reviewed the studies that resulted from a search of the MEDLINE database. In a second step, we performed a meta-analysis of those investigations reporting transitions that statistically compared ERPs in converting versus nonconverting subjects. RESULTS Sensory gating, MMN, and P300 have been demonstrated to be impaired in subjects clinically at risk of developing a psychotic disorder. In the meta-analysis, duration MMN achieved the highest effect size measures. CONCLUSIONS In summary, MMN studies have produced the most convincing results until now, including independent replication of the predictive validity. However, a synopsis of the literature revealed a relative paucity of ERP studies addressing the psychosis risk state. Considering the high clinical relevance of valid psychosis prediction, future research should question for the most informative paradigms and should allow for meta-analytic evaluation with regard to specificity and sensitivity of the most appropriate parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Bodatsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne.
| | - Anke Brockhaus-Dumke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Rheinhessen-Fachklinik Alzey, Alzey, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne
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Liu CC, Hua MS, Hwang TJ, Chiu CY, Liu CM, Hsieh MH, Chien YL, Lin YT, Hwu HG. Neurocognitive functioning of subjects with putative pre-psychotic states and early psychosis. Schizophr Res 2015; 164:40-6. [PMID: 25802138 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurocognitive functioning of patients with schizophrenia is likely to decline at the early stage of the illness. More evidence is needed to determine whether deficits in certain domains of neurocognition precede the onset of illness and can predict the onset of psychosis. METHODS Subjects were recruited from the SOPRES study in Taiwan. A neuropsychological battery including the continuous performance test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition, Trail Making Tests, Mandarin version of the Verbal Fluency Test, and Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition, was applied at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Neurocognitive profiles derived from these tests were categorized into 9 domains for comparisons among subjects with different levels of clinical severity. RESULTS A total of 324 participants, including 49 with first episode psychosis (FEP), 53 with ultra-high risk (UHR), 42 with intermediate risk (IR), 43 with marginal risk (MR), and 137 normal controls completed a baseline assessment and 71% of the participants completed a 1-year follow-up assessment. The profiles of the UHR and IR groups were identical at baseline. Those who converted to FEP later on (UHR+) showed relatively poorer performance than non-converters (UHR-) at baseline. At follow-up the performance of UHR+ was compatible to that of FEP, while UHR- generally improved. CONCLUSIONS By including subjects with early putative pre-psychotic states, our study clarifies some inconsistencies about the timing and stability of changes in neurocognitive functioning that occur at the start of psychosis; it also raises questions regarding the feasibility of using neurocognitive deficits to predict the risks of transition to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chung Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mau-Sun Hua
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yeh Chiu
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming H Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Gwo Hwu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shendyapina MV, Omelchenko MA, Lebedeva IS, Kanonovich PS, Semenova NA, Ublinsky MV, Dmitrienko DM, Akhadov TA, Simonova OA, Kaleda VG. [Information processing and brain metabolic characteristics in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:24-29. [PMID: 25909785 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151151124-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional and structural brain abnormalities in people at high risk for psychosis is a subject of intensive studies in biological psychiatry over the last decades. We studied correlations between neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters in ultra-high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-six patients, aged 17-25 years, with nonpsychotic mental disorders were examined. The control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy people. Neurophysiological study measured sensory gating. Proton MR-spectroscopy was used to study metabolic processes in the brain (index for glutamate/glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and choline containing compounds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus of both hemispheres as well as in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We found the abnormality of sensory gating in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis that was not correlated with the metabolic parameters. The latter were normal or were normalized during treatment.
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Shaikh M, Dutt A, Broome MR, Vozmediano AG, Ranlund S, Diez A, Caseiro O, Lappin J, Amankwa S, Carletti F, Fusar-Poli P, Walshe M, Hall MH, Howes O, Ellett L, Murray RM, McGuire P, Valmaggia L, Bramon E. Sensory gating deficits in the attenuated psychosis syndrome. Schizophr Res 2015; 161:277-82. [PMID: 25556079 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with an "Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome" (APS) have a 20-40% chance of developing a psychotic disorder within two years; however it is difficult to predict which of them will become ill on the basis of their clinical symptoms alone. We examined whether P50 gating deficits could help to discriminate individuals with APS and also those who are particularly likely to make a transition to psychosis. METHOD 36 cases meeting PACE (Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation) criteria for the APS, all free of antipsychotics, and 60 controls performed an auditory conditioning-testing experiment while their electroencephalogram was recorded. The P50 ratio and its C-T difference were compared between groups. Subjects received follow-up for up to 2 years to determine their clinical outcome. RESULTS The P50 ratio was significantly higher and C-T difference lower in the APS group compared to controls. Of the individuals with APS who completed the follow-up (n=36), nine (25%) developed psychosis. P50 ratio and the C-T difference did not significantly differ between those individuals who developed psychosis and those who did not within the APS group. CONCLUSION P50 deficits appear to be associated with the pre-clinical phase of psychosis. However, due to the limitations of the study and its sample size, replication in an independent cohort is necessary, to clarify the role of P50 deficits in illness progression and whether this inexpensive and non-invasive EEG marker could be of clinical value in the prediction of psychosis outcomes amongst populations at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Shaikh
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK.
| | - Anirban Dutt
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Alberto G Vozmediano
- Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Siri Ranlund
- Division of Psychiatry & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Alvaro Diez
- Division of Psychiatry & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Olalla Caseiro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IFIMAV, Spain
| | - Julia Lappin
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susan Amankwa
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Francesco Carletti
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Muriel Walshe
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Mei-Hua Hall
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Oliver Howes
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lyn Ellett
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, The South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Division of Psychiatry & Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, W1W 7EJ, UK
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Mismatch negativity (MMN) deficiency: a break-through biomarker in predicting psychosis onset. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 95:338-44. [PMID: 25562834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the mismatch negativity (MMN) deficit is one of the most robust and replicable findings in schizophrenia, reflecting cognitive and functional decline, psychosocial and socio-occupational impairment, and executive dysfunction in these patients. An important break-through has very recently taken place here in the prediction of conversion to psychosis when the MMN in particular to change in tone duration was recorded in clinically at risk-mental state (ARMS) individuals. Attenuations in the MMN in these patients may be very useful in helping clinicians determine who are most likely to develop a psychotic disorder, as we will review in the present article.
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Hashimoto K. Targeting of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and the Use of Auditory Sensory Gating as a Translational Biomarker. Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:3797-806. [PMID: 26044974 PMCID: PMC5024727 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150605111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the α7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) plays a key role in inflammatory processes, thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that the diminished suppression of P50 auditory evoked potentials in patients with schizophrenia may be associated with a decreased density of α7 nAChRs in the brain. This points to a role for auditory sensory gating (P50) as a translational biomarker. A number of agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) for α7 nAChR promoted beneficial effects in animal models with sensory gating and cognitive deficits. Additionally, several clinical studies showed that α7 nAChR agonists could improve suppression in auditory P50 evoked potentials, as well as cognitive deficits, and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Taken together, α7 nAChR presents as an extremely attractive therapeutic target for schizophrenia. In this article, the author discusses recent findings on α7 nAChR agonists such as DMXB-A, RG3487, TC-5619, tropisetron, EVP-6124 (encenicline), ABT-126, AQW051 and α7 nAChR PAMs such as JNJ-39393406, PNU- 120596 and AVL-3288 (also known as UCI-4083), and their potential as therapeutic drugs for neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic, Mental Health, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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50
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Kim M, Kim SN, Lee S, Byun MS, Shin KS, Park HY, Jang JH, Kwon JS. Impaired mismatch negativity is associated with current functional status rather than genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 222:100-6. [PMID: 24650450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether mismatch negativity (MMN) is associated with functional status or is a state-independent trait for schizophrenia. We assessed MMN in 26 patients with schizophrenia, 20 healthy subjects with high genetic loading, and 48 healthy controls. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson׳s correlations were used to test the hypothesis that MMN is not state-independent. We found a significant main effect of group, indicating differences in the peak amplitudes of the MMN among the three groups. Post-hoc analyses revealed that schizophrenia patients showed a significant reduction in the peak amplitude of MMN, but subjects at high genetic risk and healthy controls did not. Additionally, significant correlations between Global Assessment of Functioning scores and MMN peak amplitude at Fz and Cz were found in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that MMN may reflect current functional status rather than a genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soon Shin
- Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Youn Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University, Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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