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Nativio A, Jovanovic O, van der Hoek JP, Kapelan Z. Environmental risk assessment related to using resource recovery-based bio-composite materials in the aquatic environment with new laboratory leaching test data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21057-21072. [PMID: 38381287 PMCID: PMC10948581 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The concept of circular economy, aiming at increasing the sustainability of products and services in the water and other sectors, is gaining momentum worldwide. Driven by this concept, novel bio-composite materials produced by recovering resources from different parts of the water cycle are now manufactured in The Netherlands. The new materials are used for different products such as canal bank protection elements, as an alternative to similar elements made of hardwood. As much as these new materials are appealing from the sustainability point of view, they may leach toxic substances into the aquatic environment given some of their ingredients, e.g., cellulose recovered from wastewater treatment. Therefore, a methodology for the assessment of related environmental risks is needed and it does not exist currently. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by presenting a framework for this. The framework is based on European environmental risk assessment guidelines, and it includes four key steps: (i) hazard identification, (ii) dose-response modelling, (iii) exposure assessment and (iv) risk characterisation (i.e. assessment). As part of the first step, laboratory leaching tests were carried out to evaluate the potential release of specific chemical substances such as heavy metals and resin compounds into the aquatic environment. Laboratory test results were then used as input data to evaluate the risk of potential leaching from canal bank protection elements into surface water. A deterministic model was used first to identify the chemicals exceeding the guideline threshold. Subsequently, a stochastic model was applied to evaluate the environmental risks across a range of leachate concentrations and water velocities in the canal, thereby simulating a broader spectrum of possible situations. The risk analyses were conducted for four alternative bio-composite materials made of different ingredients, two different flow conditions (stagnant water and advective flow) in two types of canals (wide ditch and primary watercourse) and for two different water levels based on season conditions (summer and winter conditions). The results obtained from leaching tests identified Cu, Mn, Zn, styrene and furfuryl alcohol as potentially troublesome chemicals. In the case of stagnant water, the absence of a flow rate increases the residence time of the chemicals in the surface water, resulting in a higher PEC/PNEC (i.e. risk) value. However, under stagnant case conditions, environmental risks for all chemicals considered turned out to be below the safety threshold. In the advective case, the existence of a flow rate, even at low velocities simulating the conditions of 'almost no flow,' contributes to increased dilution, resulting in lower PEC/PNEC ratio values. The results presented here, even though representing real-case scenarios, are only indicative as these are based on laboratory leaching tests and a number of assumptions made. Additional field tests involving collecting and analysing water and sediment samples from the canal where the canal bank protection elements are located, over a prolonged period, are required to come up with more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Nativio
- Department of Water Management, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Oriana Jovanovic
- Department of Water Management, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zoran Kapelan
- Department of Water Management, Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
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Race AS, Spoelstra J, Parker BL. Wastewater contaminants in a fractured bedrock aquifer and their potential use as enteric virus indicators. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0121323. [PMID: 38231263 PMCID: PMC10880619 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01213-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic wastewater is a source of persistent organic pollutants and pathogens to the aquatic environment, including groundwater aquifers. Wastewater contaminants include a variety of personal care products, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupters, bacteria, and viruses. Groundwater from 22 wells completed in a semi-confined to confined, fractured Silurian dolostone aquifer in southern Wellington County, Ontario, Canada, was analyzed for 14 organic wastewater contaminants (4 artificial sweeteners, 10 pharmaceuticals) as well as E. coli, total coliforms, and 6 human enteric viruses. Enteric viruses were detected in 8.6% of 116 samples, and at least one organic wastewater contaminant was detected in 82% of the wells (in order of decreasing detection frequency: acesulfame, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole, triclosan, carbamazepine, and saccharin). Virus indicator metrics [positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), sensitivity, specificity] were calculated at the sample and well level for the organic wastewater compounds, E. coli, and total coliforms. Fecal bacteria were not good predictors of virus presence (PPV = 0%-8%). Of the potential chemical indicators, triclosan performed the best at the sample level (PPV = 50%, NPV = 100%), and ibuprofen performed the best at the well level (PPV = 60%, NPV = 67%); however, no samples had triclosan or ibuprofen concentrations above their practical quantification limits. Therefore, none of the compounds performed sufficiently well to be considered reliable for assessing the potential threat of enteric viruses in wastewater-impacted groundwater in this bedrock aquifer. Future studies need to evaluate the indicator potential of persistent organic wastewater contaminants in different types of aquifers, especially in fractured rock where heterogeneity is strong.IMPORTANCEAssessing the potential risk that human enteric viruses pose in groundwater aquifers used for potable water supply is complicated by several factors, including: (i) labor-intensive methods for the isolation and quantification of viruses in groundwater, (ii) the temporal variability of these viruses in domestic wastewater, and (iii) their potentially rapid transport in the subsurface, especially in fractured rock aquifers. Therefore, aquifer risk assessment would benefit from the identification of suitable proxy indicators of enteric viruses that are easier to analyze and less variable in wastewater sources. Traditional fecal indicators (e.g., E. coli and coliforms) are generally poor indicators of enteric viruses in groundwater. While many studies have examined the use of pharmaceutical and personal care products as tracers of domestic wastewater and fecal pollution in the environment, there is a paucity of data on the potential use of these chemical tracers as enteric virus indicators, especially in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Race
- Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Now with: Tesla, Spring Creek, Nevada, USA
| | - John Spoelstra
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beth L. Parker
- Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Menacherry SPM, Kodešová R, Fedorova G, Sadchenko A, Kočárek M, Klement A, Fér M, Nikodem A, Chroňáková A, Grabic R. Dissipation of twelve organic micropollutants in three different soils: Effect of soil characteristics and microbial composition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132143. [PMID: 37531764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The dissipation kinetics and half-lives of selected organic micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals and others, were systematically investigated and compared among different soil types. While some pollutants (e.g., atorvastatin, valsartan, and bisphenol S) disappeared rapidly in all the tested soils, many of them (e.g., telmisartan, memantine, venlafaxine, and azithromycin) remained persistent. Irrespective of the soil characteristics, venlafaxine showed the lowest dissipation kinetics and the longest half-lives (250 to approximately 500 days) among the stable compounds. The highest first and second-order kinetics were, however, recorded for valsartan (k1; 0.262 day-1) and atorvastatin (k2; 33.8 g μg-1 day-1) respectively. Nevertheless, more than 90% (i.e., DT90) of all the rapidly dissipated compounds (i.e., atorvastatin, bisphenol S, and valsartan) disappeared from the tested soils within a short timescale (i.e., 5-36 days). Dissipation of pollutants that are more susceptible to microbial degradation (e.g., atorvastatin, bisphenol S, and valsartan) seems to be slower for soils possessing the lowest microbial biomass C (Cmic) and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAtotal), which also found statistically significant. Our results revealing the persistence of several organic pollutants in agricultural soils, which might impact the quality of these soils, the groundwater, and eventually on the related biota, is of high environmental significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Paul M Menacherry
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Radka Kodešová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ganna Fedorova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Alina Sadchenko
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kočárek
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Klement
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Kamýcká 129, CZ-16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alica Chroňáková
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre CAS, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-38925 Vodňany, Czech Republic
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Lagos S, Moutzoureli C, Spiropoulou I, Alexandropoulou A, Karas PA, Saratsis A, Sotiraki S, Karpouzas DG. Biodegradation of anthelmintics in soils: does prior exposure of soils to anthelmintics accelerate their dissipation? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62404-62422. [PMID: 35397025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthelmintics (AHs) control animal infections with gastrointestinal nematodes. They reach soil through animal faeces deposited on soils or through manuring. Although soil constitutes a major AH sink, we know little about the mechanisms controlling their soil dissipation. We employed studies with fumigated and non-fumigated soils collected from 12 sheep farms with a variable record of albendazole (ABZ), ivermectin (IVM) and eprinomectin (EPM) use. From each farm, we collected soils from inside small ruminant barn facilities (series A, high exposure) and the associated grazing pastures (series B, low exposure). We asked the following questions: (a) What is the role of soil microorganisms in AH dissipation? (b) Does repeated exposure of soils to AHs lead to their accelerated biodegradation? (c) Which soil physicochemical properties control AH dissipation? Soil fumigation significantly retarded ABZ (DT50 1.9 and 4.33 days), IVM (34.5 and 108.7 days) and EPM dissipation (30 and 121 days) suggesting a key role of soil microorganisms in AH dissipation. No significant acceleration in AH dissipation was evident in soils from units with a record of the administration of AHs or in soil series A vs series B, suggesting that the level of prior exposure was not adequate to induce their enhanced biodegradation. Significant positive and negative correlations of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and ABZ and IVM dissipation, respectively, were observed. Soil adsorption of AHs increased in the order IVM > ABZ > EPM. TOC controlled soil adsorption of IVM and EPM, but not of ABZ, in support of the contrasting effect of TOC on IVM and ABZ dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stahis Lagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Chrysovalantou Moutzoureli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ifigenia Spiropoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Alexandropoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Karas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasios Saratsis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Veterinary Research Institute, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, Veterinary Research Institute, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Stefano PHP, Roisenberg A, Santos MR, Dias MA, Montagner CC. Unraveling the occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in groundwater from urban setting: A combined multidisciplinary approach and self-organizing maps. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134395. [PMID: 35339518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, changes in human behavior and new technologies have introduced thousands of new compounds into the environment called "contaminants of emerging concern" (CEC). These compounds have been detected in different environmental compartments such as soil, surface water, air, and groundwater. The presence of these contaminants in groundwater may pose risks to human health when used as potable water. In some urban areas in Brazil, groundwater is normally consumed without previous treatment. This study aimed to use statistical analysis by self-organizing maps (SOM) to evaluate the trends of CEC in urban groundwater systems. A total of 23 CEC compounds including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and hormones were determined in groundwater samples using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The CEC most frequently detected were atrazine and degradation products, fipronil, simazine, tebuconazole, hexazinone, and caffeine in concentrations up to 300 ng L-1. All studied compounds were detected in groundwater at least in one sample. Patterns in the data through SOM have shown a strong positive correlation between atrazine, hexazinone, simazine, tebuthiuron, 2-hydroxyatrazine, and 17β-estradiol. The hormones estrone and testosterone also show a positive correlation due to their similar chemical properties. On the other hand, caffeine was detected in 90% of the samples, likely due to a population habit of taking daily a hot drink made of yerba mate associated with low rates of treated domestic sewage in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Prado Stefano
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ari Roisenberg
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rossi Santos
- Hydrogeochemistry Laboratory, Geosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Amaral Dias
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Oxidative Degradation of Pharmaceutical Waste, Theophylline, from Natural Environment. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of organic contaminants from natural resources is extremely important to ensure their (re-)usability. In this report, the degradation of a model pharmaceutical compound, theophylline, is compared between natural and laboratory-controlled environments. While the concentration of H2O2 variably affected the degradation efficiency (approximately from 8 to 20 min for complete degradation) in the photo-irradiation experiments, the inorganic compounds (NaNO3, KH2PO4 and ZnSO4) present in the medium seemed to affect the degradation by scavenging hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The end-product studies using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) ruled out the involvement of secondary radicals in the degradation mechanism. The quantitative calculation with the help of authentic standards pointed out the predominant role of hydroxylation pathways, especially in the initial stages. Although a noticeable decline in the degradation efficiency was observed in river water samples (complete degradation after 25 min with an approximately 20% total organic carbon (TOC) removal), appreciable TOC removal (70%) was eventually achieved after prolonged irradiation (1 h) and in the presence of additional H2O2 (5 times), revealing the potential of our technique. The results furnished in this report could be considered as a preliminary step for the construction of •OH-based wastewater treatment methodologies for the remediation of toxic pollutants from the real environment.
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Qin M, Jin K, Li X, Wang R, Li Y, Wang H. Novel highly-active Ag/Bi dual nanoparticles-decorated BiOBr photocatalyst for efficient degradation of ibuprofen. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112628. [PMID: 34973193 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of noble nanometals can be utilized to effectively improve the catalytic performance of semiconductor photocatalysts. In this work, a novel composite photocatalyst of BiOBr microspheres simultaneously decorated by Ag and Bi dual nanoparticles (NPs) has been successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method plus one-step reduction method. And the morphology, structure, chemical composition and photoelectrical properties of this composite photocatalyst (Ag/Bi-BiOBr) were further characterized. Due to the SPR effect of Ag and Bi dual NPs, Ag/Bi-BiOBr showed the high light absorption with narrow band gap, as well as fast charge separation via metal-semiconductor heterojunction so as to realize an efficient degradation of ibuprofen (IBP) under simulated solar irradiation. Through the further optimization of the loading amounts of Ag and Bi dual NPs, the excellent photocatalytic activity in the Ag/Bi-BiOBr has been achieved that 92.3% of IBP was removed within 60 min, which is among the best results reported so far for IBP degradation via photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Kejie Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China
| | - Yongwei Li
- Heilongjiang Taina Technology Group Co., Ltd., Suihua, 152000, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China.
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Shi Q, Xiong Y, Kaur P, Sy ND, Gan J. Contaminants of emerging concerns in recycled water: Fate and risks in agroecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152527. [PMID: 34953850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recycled water (RW) has been increasingly recognized as a valuable source of water for alleviating the global water crisis. When RW is used for agricultural irrigation, many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are introduced into the agroecosystem. The ubiquity of CECs in field soil, combined with the toxic, carcinogenic, or endocrine-disrupting nature of some CECs, raises significant concerns over their potential risks to the environment and human health. Understanding such risks and delineating the fate processes of CECs in the water-soil-plant continuum contributes to the safe reuse of RW in agriculture. This review summarizes recent findings and provides an overview of CECs in the water-soil-plant continuum, including their occurrence in RW and irrigated soil, fate processes in agricultural soil, offsite transport including runoff and leaching, and plant uptake, metabolism, and accumulation. The potential ecological and human health risks of CECs are also discussed. Studies to date have shown limited accumulation of CECs in irrigated soils and plants, which may be attributed to multiple attenuation processes in the rhizosphere and plant, suggesting minimal health risks from RW-fed food crops. However, our collective understanding of CECs is rather limited and knowledge of their offsite movement and plant accumulation is particularly scarce for field conditions. Given a large number of CECs and their occurrence at trace levels, it is urgent to develop strategies to prioritize CECs so that future research efforts are focused on CECs with elevated risks for offsite contamination or plant accumulation. Irrigating specific crops such as feed crops and fruit trees may be a viable option to further minimize potential plant accumulation under field conditions. To promote the beneficial reuse of RW in agriculture, it is essential to understand the human health and ecological risks imposed by CEC mixtures and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Yaxin Xiong
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nathan Darlucio Sy
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Bizi M, EL Bachra FE. Transport of Carbamazepine, Ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole in Activated Carbon: Solubility and Relationships between Structure and Diffusional Parameters. Molecules 2021; 26:7318. [PMID: 34885904 PMCID: PMC8658829 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport of carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole in the different pores of activated carbon in an aqueous solution is a dynamic process that is entirely dependent on the intrinsic parameters of these molecules and of the adsorbent. The macroscopic processes that take place are analyzed by interfacial diffusion and reaction models. Modeling of the experimental kinetic curves obtained following batch treatment of each solute at 2 µg/L in tap water showed (i) that the transport and sorption rates were controlled by external diffusion and intraparticle diffusion and (ii) that the effective diffusion coefficient for each solute, with the surface and pore diffusion coefficients, were linked by a linear relationship. A statistical analysis of the experimental data established correlations between the diffusional parameters and some geometrical parameters of these three molecules. Given the major discontinuities observed in the adsorption kinetics, the modeling of the experimental data required the use of traditional kinetic models, as well as a new kinetic model composed of the pseudo first or second order model and a sigmoidal expression. The predictions of this model were excellent. The solubility of each molecule below 60 °C was formulated by an empirical expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bizi
- BRGM, Water, Environment, Processes Development & Analysis Division 3, Avenue C. Guillemin, CEDEX 2, 45060 Orléans, France;
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Nippes RP, Macruz PD, da Silva GN, Neves Olsen Scaliante MH. A critical review on environmental presence of pharmaceutical drugs tested for the covid-19 treatment. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION : TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, PART B 2021; 152:568-582. [PMID: 34226801 PMCID: PMC8243632 DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The outbreak caused a worldwide impact, becoming a health threat to the general population and its professionals. To date, there are no specific antiviral treatments or vaccines for the COVID-19 infection, however, some drugs are being clinically tested. The use of these drugs on large scale raises great concern about their imminent environmental risk, since the elimination of these compounds by feces and urine associated with the inefficiency of sewage treatment plants in their removal can result in their persistence in the environment, putting in risk the health of humans and of other species. Thus, the goal of this work was to conduct a review of other studies that evaluated the presence of the drugs chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, ivermectin, dexamethasone, remdesivir, favipiravir and some HIV antivirals in the environment. The research indicated the presence of these drugs in the environment in different regions, with concentration data that could serve as a basis for further comparative studies following the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Picoli Nippes
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- State University of Maringa, Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringa, 87020-900, Parana, Brazil
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Biel-Maeso M, Burke V, Greskowiak J, Massmann G, Lara-Martín PA, Corada-Fernández C. Mobility of contaminants of emerging concern in soil column experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144102. [PMID: 33360461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory column experiments under water saturated conditions were conducted for over 35 days to investigate the transport of nine pharmaceuticals (nadolol, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, carbamazepine, ibuprofen, diclofenac, hydrochlorothiazide, and gemfibrozil) and four artificial sweeteners (acesulfame, saccharin, cyclamate, and sucralose) in two soils (S and C) with similar organic carbon content (between 0.8 and 1.1%) and pH (7.90 and 7.25) but different texture (58.3 and 85.5% of silt+clay, respectively). Ibuprofen and artificial sweeteners reached maximum concentrations at the outlet of the columns and showed a homogenous vertical profile in the aqueous phase, with the same concentration in all sampling ports under flow percolation conditions. Regarding carbamazepine and hydrochlorothiazide, apparent retardation was observed for both and was attributed to sorption. Nadolol, a positively charged beta-blocker, did not show any apparent breakthrough. After 35 days, the columns were washed using tap water for over one week. Soils were then analyzed at different depths and vertical concentration profiles were plotted. Overall, highest concentrations were measured in the top most layers for contaminants in the soil column with higher clay content (C), whereas vertical profiles were more uniform in that with lower clay content (S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Biel-Maeso
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz 11510, Spain.
| | - Victoria Burke
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Janek Greskowiak
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Massmann
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz 11510, Spain
| | - Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Cádiz 11510, Spain
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Ikoyi I, Schmalenberger A. Design and Construction of Repacked Soil Columns for Measuring Solute Transport, Plant Growth and Soil Biota. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e3884. [PMID: 33732773 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers face a number of challenges in the construction of soil columns which can affect the outcome of their experiments. The use of intact soil cores closely mimics actual field conditions. However, the excavation of large intact soil cores is a time-consuming, labor-intensive process and may lead to soil compaction that would influence the solute transport behavior of the soil column. Repacked soil columns are used as an option to circumvent these challenges of intact soil cores. However, repacked soil columns also have their limitations and introduce other challenges. Here, we present a step by step procedure for the design of repacked soil columns to achieve a realistic bulk density, prevent preferential flow paths, and ensure hydraulic connectivity between soil layers. This protocol will be beneficial to Soil Scientists, Hydrologists and other Environmental Scientists utilizing repacked soil columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Ikoyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Achim Schmalenberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
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13
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Al-Khazrajy OSA, Abdallh M. Sorption and degradation of ranitidine in soil: Leaching potential assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127495. [PMID: 32623203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have been categorized as emerging contaminants that may be hazardous to the environment. To assess their environmental risk, understanding their fate and behaviour is highly needed, particularly in soil where little is known. This study investigated sorption, degradation and mobility potential of ranitidine (RAN) from soil to groundwater in two soils with different physicochemical properties. Sorption resulted in data were found to fit well to isotherm models following the order: linear model > Freundlich > Langmuir with R2 of up to 0.98. RAN showed low sorption affinity to soils with maximum adsorption coefficient (Kd) of 21.47 L kg-1. Physicochemical properties for soil and RAN showed insignificant positive correlation to Kd values except the sand%, which showed significant negative correlation. Degradation of RAN was fitted to the first order exponential decay model with minimum DT50 (time for a 50% dissipation in RAN concentration) values of 31.6 d under non-sterile conditions. Prolonged DT50 of 62.4 d was obtained in soils from sterile treatments indicating the microbial activity role in dissipation of RAN process. To predict potential leaching of RAN in soil, this study experimentally obtained values of Kd, Koc and DT50 were implemented in mathematical screening models. Results showed different but moderate leaching potential of RAN in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S A Al-Khazrajy
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mustafa Abdallh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Li J, Jiang J, Pang SY, Yang Y, Sun S, Wang L, Wang P. Transformation of X-ray contrast media by conventional and advanced oxidation processes during water treatment: Efficiency, oxidation intermediates, and formation of iodinated byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116234. [PMID: 32736280 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
X-ray contrast media (ICM), as the most widely used intravascular pharmaceuticals, have been frequently detected in various environmental compartments. ICM have attracted increasingly scientific interest owing to their role as an iodine contributor, resulting in the high risk of forming toxic iodinated byproducts (I-BPs) during water treatment. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art findings relating to the removal efficiency as well as oxidation intermediates of ICM by conventional and advanced oxidation processes. Moreover, formation of specific small-molecular I-BPs (e.g., iodoacetic acid and iodoform) during these processes is also summarized. Conventional oxidants and disinfectants including chlorine (HOCl) and chloramine (NH2Cl) have low reactivities towards ICM with HOCl being more reactive. Iodinated/deiodinated intermediates are generated from reactions of HOCl/NH2Cl with ICM, and they can be further transformed into small-molecular I-BPs. Types of disinfectants and ICM as well as solution conditions (e.g., presence of bromide (Br-) and natural organic matters (NOM)) display significant impact on formation of I-BPs during chlor(am)ination of ICM. Uncatalyzed advanced oxidation process (AOPs) involving ozone (O3) and ferrate (Fe(VI)) exhibit slow to mild reactivities towards ICM, usually leading to their incomplete removal under typical water treatment conditions. In contrast, UV photolysis and catalyzed AOPs including hydroxyl radical (HO•) and/or sulfate radical (SO4.-) based AOPs (e.g., UV/hydrogen peroxide, UV/persulfate, UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and CuO/PMS) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) involved AOPs (e.g., UV/HOCl and UV/NH2Cl) can effectively eliminate ICM under various conditions. Components of water matrix (e.g., chloride (Cl-), Br-, bicarbonate (HCO3-), and NOM) have great impact on oxidation efficiency of ICM by catalyzed AOPs. Generally, similar intermediates are formed from ICM oxidation by UV photolysis and AOPs, mainly resulting from a series reactions of the side chain and/or C-I groups (e.g. cleavage, dealkylation, oxidation, and rearrange). Further oxidation or disinfection of these intermediates leads to formation of small-molecular I-BPs. Pre-oxidation of ICM-containing waters by AOPs tends to increase formation of I-BPs during post-disinfection process, while this trend also depends on the oxidation processes applied and solution conditions. This review summarizes the latest research findings relating to ICM transformation and (by)products formation during disinfection and AOPs in water treatment, which has great implications for the practical applications of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou511458, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou511458, China.
| | - Su-Yan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun130118, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Shaofang Sun
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, China
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Navrátilová M, Raisová Stuchlíková L, Skálová L, Szotáková B, Langhansová L, Podlipná R. Pharmaceuticals in environment: the effect of ivermectin on ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31202-31210. [PMID: 32483720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The anthelmintic drug ivermectin (IVM), used frequently especially in veterinary medicine, enters the environment mainly via excrements in pastures and could negatively affect non-target organisms including plants. The present study was designed to follow up on our previous investigations into IVM metabolism and its effects in the common meadow plant ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) during long-term exposure of both cell suspensions and whole plant regenerants. IVM uptake, distribution, and biotransformation pathways were studied using UHPLC-MS analysis. In addition, the IVM effect on antioxidant enzymes activities, proline concentration, the content of all polyphenols, and the level of the main bioactive secondary metabolites was also tested with the goal of learning more about IVM-induced stress in the plant organism. Our results showed that the ribwort plantain was able to uptake IVM and transform it via demethylation and hydroxylation. Seven and six metabolites respectively were detected in cell suspensions and in the roots of regenerants. However, only the parent drug IVM was detected in the leaves of the regenerants. IVM accumulated in the roots and leaves of plants might negatively affect ecosystems due to its toxicity to herbivorous invertebrates. As IVM exposition increased the activity of catalase, the concentration of proline and polyphenols, as well as decreased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase and the concentration of the bioactive compounds acteoside and aucubin, long-term exposition of the ribwort plantain to IVM caused abiotic stress and might decrease the medicinal value of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Navrátilová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Raisová Stuchlíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Langhansová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 313, 165 02, Praha 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
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16
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Ag2O/TiO2 nanostructures for the photocatalytic mineralization of the highly recalcitrant pollutant iopromide in pure and tap water. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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de Oliveira Ferreira F, Porto RS, Rath S. Aerobic dissipation of avermectins and moxidectin in subtropical soils and dissipation of abamectin in a field study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109489. [PMID: 31394379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Avermectins and moxidectin are antiparasitics widely used as active pharmaceutical ingredients in veterinary medicine, as well as in pesticide formulations for pest control in agriculture. Although the use of these compounds provides benefits to agribusiness, they can impact the environment, since a large part of these substances may reach the soil and water from the excreta of treated animals and following direct applications to crops. The present work had the objective of evaluating the dissipation behaviors of abamectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin in four native Brazilian soils of different textural classes (clay, sandy-clay, sandy, and sandy-clay-loam), following OECD Guideline 307. The studies were conducted in a climate chamber at 22 °C, 71% relative humidity, and protected from light. The dissipation studies were carried out with all drugs together, since no difference was verified when studies were done with each drug separately. The concentrations of the drugs in the soils were determined using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a fluorescence detector or a tandem mass spectrometer. The dissipation half-life (DT50) values ranged from 9 to 16 days and the calculated GUS index values were in the range from -1.10 to 0.08, indicating low mobility of the drugs in the soils evaluated and low tendency for leaching. In addition, a field study was carried out to evaluate the dissipation of abamectin after application of a foliar pesticide in an orange crop. A DT50 of 9 days was determined, which was similar to that obtained under controlled conditions in the climate chamber (12 days), indicating that biotransformation was the primary process influencing the overall dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício de Oliveira Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silveira Porto
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Susanne Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Zou H, Cui W, Wang ZL, Wang Z. The hitchhiker's guide to core samples: Key issues and lessons learned. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:867-885. [PMID: 31247435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Core samples may be used as valuable geochronometers for storing historical pollution footprints of organic pollutants. A number of studies have used core samples to evaluate temporal depositions, loading inventories, and effectiveness of environmental mitigation measures. However, in order to get a reliable estimation, certain prerequisites must be satisfied to rule out various confounding factors such as biomixing and melting. This review aims to understand when core samples can or cannot be used as natural archives for organic pollutants. First, we systematically review existing studies of organic pollutants in soil, sediment and ice cores and possible factors that may influence post-depositional fate of chemicals. Then, building on field evidence, model simulation and laboratory leaching tests findings, we discuss issues of post-depositional downward movement in detail. To assist future core sample studies, we summarize lessons learned on study design in the context of sampling design, data analysis, and data reporting. In particular, the combination of a careful study design and appropriate numerical model(s) will help to elevate core samples as a more reliable tool for retrospective understanding of chemical pollution. This review is an initial step toward a better and more accurate use of core samples, and further interdisciplinary cooperation is needed to develop standardized protocols, guidelines and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wanqi Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhong-Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, 300387 Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering (IfU), ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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19
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Archundia D, Duwig C, Spadini L, Morel MC, Prado B, Perez MP, Orsag V, Martins JMF. Assessment of the Sulfamethoxazole mobility in natural soils and of the risk of contamination of water resources at the catchment scale. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104905. [PMID: 31234002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is one of the antibiotics most commonly detected in aquatic and terrestrial environments and is still widely used, especially in low income countries. SMX is assumed to be highly mobile in soils due to its intrinsic molecular properties. Ten soils with contrasting properties and representative of the catchment soil types and land uses were collected throughout the watershed, which undergoes very rapid urban development. SMX displacement experiments were carried out in repacked columns of the 10 soils to explore SMX reactive transfer (mobility and reactivity) in order to assess the contamination risk of water resources in the context of the Bolivian Altiplano. Relevant sorption processes were identified by modelling (HYDRUS-1D) considering different sorption concepts. SMX mobility was best simulated when considering irreversible sorption as well as instantaneous and rate-limited reversible sorption, depending on the soil type. SMX mobility appeared lower in soils located upstream of the watershed (organic and acidic soils - Regosol) in relation with a higher adsorption capacity compared to the soils located downstream (lower organic carbon content - Cambisol). By combining soil column experiments and soil profiles description, this study suggests that SMX can be classified as a moderately to highly mobile compound in the studied watershed, depending principally on soil properties such as pH and OC. Potential risks of surface and groundwater pollution by SMX were thus identified in the lower part of the studied catchment, threatening Lake Titicaca water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Archundia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico, D.F, Mexico.; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Estación Regional del Noroeste, Mexico
| | - C Duwig
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France.
| | - L Spadini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France
| | - M C Morel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France; CNAM, Laboratoire d'analyses chimiques et bioanalyses, Paris Cedex 3, France
| | - B Prado
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - M P Perez
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Instituto de Hidrología e Hidráulica, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - V Orsag
- Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Facultad de Agronomía, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J M F Martins
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, IGE, Grenoble, France
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Carter LJ, Chefetz B, Abdeen Z, Boxall ABA. Emerging investigator series: towards a framework for establishing the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems on agro-ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2019; 21:605-622. [PMID: 30932118 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00020h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Use of reclaimed wastewater for agricultural irrigation is seen as an attractive option to meet agricultural water demands of a growing number of countries suffering from water scarcity. However, reclaimed wastewater contains pollutants which are introduced to the agro-environment during the irrigation process. While water reuse guidelines do consider selected classes of pollutants, they do not account for the presence of pollutants of emerging concern such as pharmaceuticals and the potential risks these may pose. Here we use source-pathway-receptor analysis (S-P-R) to develop a holistic framework for evaluating the impacts of pharmaceuticals, present in wastewater used for agricultural irrigation, on human and ecosystem health and evaluate the data availability for the framework components. The developed framework comprised of 34 processes and compartments but a good level of knowledge was available for only five of these suggesting that currently it is not possible to fully establish the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems. To address this, work is urgently needed to understand the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in arable soil systems and the effects of chronic low-level exposure to these substances on microbes, invertebrates, plants, wildlife and humans. In addition, research pertaining to the fate, uptake and effects of pharmaceutical mixtures and metabolites is lacking as well as data on bio-accessibility of pharmaceuticals after ingestion. Scientific advancements in the five areas prioritised in terms of future research are needed before we are able to fully quantify the agricultural and human health risks associated with reclaimed wastewater use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Carter
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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21
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Kodešová R, Klement A, Golovko O, Fér M, Nikodem A, Kočárek M, Grabic R. Root uptake of atenolol, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine, and their transformation in three soils and four plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9876-9891. [PMID: 30734257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Soils can be contaminated by pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of soil conditions (influencing sorption and persistence of pharmaceuticals in soils) and plant type on the root uptake of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation in plant-soil systems. Four plants (lamb's lettuce, spinach, arugula, radish) planted in 3 soils were irrigated for 20 days (26) with water contaminated by one of 3 pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, atenolol, sulfamethoxazole) or their mixture. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in soils and plant tissues were evaluated after the harvest. Sulfamethoxazole and atenolol dissipated rapidly from soils. The larger concentrations of both compounds and an atenolol metabolite were found in roots than in leaves. Sulfamethoxazole metabolites were below the limits of quantifications. Carbamazepine was stable in soils, easily uptaken, accumulated, and metabolized in plant leaves. The efficiency of radish and arugula (both family Brassicaceae) in metabolizing was very low contrary to the high and moderate efficiencies of lamb's lettuce and spinach, respectively. Compounds' transformations mostly masked the soil impact on their accumulation in plant tissues. The negative relationships were found between the carbamazepine sorption coefficients and its concentrations in roots of radish, lamb's lettuce, and spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Kodešová
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Klement
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany, 38925, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Fér
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Nikodem
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kočárek
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Dept. of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Grabic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany, 38925, Czech Republic
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Simu GM, Atchana J, Soica CM, Coricovac DE, Simu SC, Dehelean CA. Pharmaceutical Mixtures: Still A Concern for Human and Environmental Health. Curr Med Chem 2018; 27:121-153. [PMID: 30406736 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181108094222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, recent data on the sources, occurrence and fate of human-use pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the aquatic environment have been reviewed. Since PhACs and their metabolites are usually present as mixtures in the environment at very low concentrations, a particular emphasis was placed onto the PhACs mixtures, as well as on their short-term and long-term effects against human and environmental health. Moreover, a general overview of the main conventional as well as of the latest trends in wastewaters decontaminant technologies was outlined. Advantages and disadvantages of current processes were also pointed out. It appears that numerous gaps still exist in the current knowledge related to this field of interest, and further studies should be conducted at the global level in order to ensure a more efficient monitorisation of the presence of PhACs and their metabolites into the aquatic environment and to develop new mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta M Simu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Jeanne Atchana
- University of Maroua, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 46, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Codruta M Soica
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Dorina E Coricovac
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Sebastian C Simu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Cristina A Dehelean
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara 300041, Romania
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Sposito JCV, Montagner CC, Casado M, Navarro-Martín L, Jut Solórzano JC, Piña B, Grisolia AB. Emerging contaminants in Brazilian rivers: Occurrence and effects on gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:696-704. [PMID: 29960196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals that are not commonly monitored despite having the potential of entering the environment and causing adverse ecological and/or human health effects. This study aimed to determine whether ECs are present in the surface waters of two rivers in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, and evaluate the effects of ECs mixtures at environmentally relevant concentrations on zebrafish (Danio rerio) gene expression. ECs concentrations were determined using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ECs most frequently detected were caffeine, imidacloprid, 2-hydroxy atrazine, tebuthiuron, atrazine, and bisphenol A. We used these data to reconstruct ECs mixtures reflecting environmental concentrations, codenamed T1, T2, and T3. No effects were observed, so the concentrations were increased. After a preliminary evaluation of the No Observed Effect Concentration for each mixture, we analyzed changes in the expression of zebrafish target genes (cyp1a, hsp70, cat, sod1, tsh, cyp19a1a, cyp19a1b, cyp26b1, casp8, sox2, cyb561d2, and thrb). cat was overrepresented in T1 and underrepresented in the other treatments. All of the mixtures induced the expression of cyp19a1b, which is a marker for (xeno-)estrogen exposure, and two of them increased the expression of cyp1a, which is used to indicate the presence of dioxin-like compounds. The rivers studied had low EC concentrations, and there was no indication of any harmful effects on the zebrafish. However, intensive agricultural activity may result in unsuspected peaks of EC pollution, and subsequent negative effects on living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C V Sposito
- Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Cassiana C Montagner
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Casado
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexeia B Grisolia
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados/UFGD, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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24
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Ma L, Liu Y, Zhang J, Yang Q, Li G, Zhang D. Impacts of irrigation water sources and geochemical conditions on vertical distribution of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in the vadose zone soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:1148-1156. [PMID: 29898521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater pollution by emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), has caused increasing concerns around the world. The vadose zone is an active zone where lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere interact. It is an important medium for PPCPs removal and entry into groundwater from irrigation using wastewater or polluted surface water. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of eleven PPCPs in areas with a vadose zone (up to 16 m) was investigated from wastewater irrigated farmland, groundwater irrigated farmland and a seasonal river course in Beijing (China). Nine out of eleven PPCPs were detectable, and carbamazepine and caffeine had the highest detection frequencies, above 50%. The PPCPs were detectable deep in 16 m below ground level (bgl), and their concentrations ranged from <LOD (limit of detection) to 12.5 μg/kg. Compared to the vadose zone soils irrigated with groundwater, wastewater-irrigated vadose zone soils had significantly higher PPCPs detection frequencies and contamination levels, suggesting the important roles of irrigation water sources on PPCPs accumulation and transport in the vadose zone. Additionally, PPCPs vertical distribution presented a bell-shape pattern in the vadose zone soils with wastewater irrigation, peaking at 3-6 m bgl. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated a significant correlation between PPCPs concentrations in the vadose zone soils and geochemical variables, including available potassium and silt content. This study provides important evidence on the influential factors of PPCPs accumulation and migration in the vadose zone soils resulted from wastewater irrigation. The incomplete removal of PPCPs poses certain risks in subsurface environment, potentially challenging groundwater quality and drinking water safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing 100195, China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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25
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Singla P, Yadav S, Goel N, Singhal S. Morphologically Different Boron Nitride Nanomaterials as Efficient Antibiotic Carriers: Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetics Appraisal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2017.1423244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singla
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Sarita Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Sonal Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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26
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Lesser LE, Mora A, Moreau C, Mahlknecht J, Hernández-Antonio A, Ramírez AI, Barrios-Piña H. Survey of 218 organic contaminants in groundwater derived from the world's largest untreated wastewater irrigation system: Mezquital Valley, Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 198:510-521. [PMID: 29427952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mezquital Valley system is the world's oldest and largest example with regard to use of untreated wastewater for agricultural irrigation. Because of the artificial high recharge associated with the Mezquital Valley aquifers, groundwater is extracted for human consumption, and there are plans to use this groundwater as a water resource for Mexico City. Thus, this study analyzed 218 organic micro-contaminants in wastewater, springs, and groundwater from Mezquital Valley. Five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nine semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were detected in the wastewater used for irrigation. Only two SVOCs [bis-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate] were detected in all the wastewater canals and groundwater sources, whereas no VOCs were detected in groundwater and springs. Of the 118 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and 7 reproductive hormones measured, 65 PhACs and 3 hormones were detected in the wastewater. Of these, metformin, caffeine, and acetaminophen account for almost sixty percent of the total PhACs in wastewater. Nevertheless, 23 PhACs were detected in groundwater sources, where the majority of these compounds have low detection frequencies. The PhACs sulfamethoxazole, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, carbamazepine, and benzoylecgonine (primary cocaine metabolite) were frequently detected in groundwater, suggesting that although the soils act as a filter adsorbing and degrading the majority of the organic pollutant content in wastewater, these PhACs still reach the aquifer. Therefore, the presence of these PhACs, together with the high levels of the endocrine disruptor bis-2-(ethylhexyl) phthalate, indicate that water sources derived from the recharge of the studied aquifers may pose a risk to consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Lesser
- Lesser y Asociados, S.A. de C.V., Querétaro, Mexico; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Abrahan Mora
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Cristina Moreau
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Aldo I Ramírez
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Héctor Barrios-Piña
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico
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27
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Corada-Fernández C, Candela L, Torres-Fuentes N, Pintado-Herrera MG, Paniw M, González-Mazo E. Effects of extreme rainfall events on the distribution of selected emerging contaminants in surface and groundwater: The Guadalete River basin (SW, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:770-783. [PMID: 28679121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the Guadalete River basin (SW, Spain), where extreme weather conditions have become common, with and alternation between periods of drought and extreme rainfall events. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) occur when heavy rainfall events exceed the capacity of the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), as well as pollution episodes in parts of the basin due to uncontrolled sewage spills and the use of reclaimed water and sludge from the local WWTP. The sampling was carried out along two seasons and three campaigns during dry (March 2007) and extreme rainfall (April and December 2010) in the Guadalete River, alluvial aquifer and Jerez de la Frontera aquifer. Results showed minimum concentrations for synthetic surfactants in groundwater (<37.4μg·L-1) during the first campaign (dry weather conditions), whereas groundwater contaminants increased in December 2010 as the heavy rainfall caused the river to overflow. In surface water, surfactant concentrations showed similar trends to groundwater observations. In addition to surfactants, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were analyzed in the third campaign, 22 of which were detected in surface waters. Two fragrances (OTNE and galaxolide) and one analgesic/anti-inflammatory (ibuprofen) were the most abundant PPCPs (up to 6540, 2748 and 1747ng·L-1, respectively). Regarding groundwater, most PPCPs were detected in Jerez de la Frontera aquifer, where a synthetic fragrance (OTNE) was predominant (up to 1285ng·L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Lucila Candela
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-GHS, Technical University of Catalonia-UPC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nivis Torres-Fuentes
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Paniw
- Department of Evol Biol, Population Ecology Group, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo González-Mazo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
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28
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Pan M, Chu LM. Fate of antibiotics in soil and their uptake by edible crops. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:500-512. [PMID: 28482307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are bioactive substances, and their use as human and animal medicines for illness prevention, disease treatment and growth promotion has increased in recent decades. They are excreted, either unchanged or metabolized, and are discharged to the environment through animal manure, municipal wastewater or biosolids. Consequently, these chemicals reach cropland, which is advocated as a means of recycling. As these drugs are used in escalating quantities, there is growing concern over their presence, toxicity and fate in the soil, which may pose adverse effects on plant growth and productivity, as well as result in their uptake and accumulation in crops. These will contaminate the food chain and eventually affect human health. In this review, we summarize recent research and provide a detailed overview of antibiotics in soil-plant systems, including 1) the occurrence and determination of antibiotics around the world and their routes of entry to the environment, 2) the impact of wastewater irrigation and animal manure or biosolids amendment on agricultural soils, 3) the transport and persistence of antibiotics in the terrestrial environment, and 4) the bioaccumulation and translocation of antibiotics in different tissues of edible crops under laboratory and field conditions. Their impacts on the environment and potential human exposure are elucidated. Knowledge gaps and future research perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L M Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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29
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Ahkola H, Tuominen S, Karlsson S, Perkola N, Huttula T, Saraperä S, Artimo A, Korpiharju T, Äystö L, Fjäder P, Assmuth T, Rosendahl K, Nysten T. Presence of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the continuum of surface and ground water used in drinking water production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:26778-26791. [PMID: 28963646 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic chemicals in surface water and groundwater cause concern especially when the water is used in drinking water production. Due to their continuous release or spill-over at waste water treatment plants, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are constantly present in aquatic environment and despite their low concentrations, APIs can still cause effects on the organisms. In the present study, Chemcatcher passive sampling was applied in surface water, surface water intake site, and groundwater observation wells to estimate whether the selected APIs are able to end up in drinking water supply through an artificial groundwater recharge system. The API concentrations measured in conventional wastewater, surface water, and groundwater grab samples were assessed with the results obtained with passive samplers. Out of the 25 APIs studied with passive sampling, four were observed in groundwater and 21 in surface water. This suggests that many anthropogenic APIs released to waste water proceed downstream and can be detectable in groundwater recharge. Chemcatcher passive samplers have previously been used in monitoring several harmful chemicals in surface and wastewaters, but the path of chemicals to groundwater has not been studied. This study provides novel information on the suitability of the Chemcatcher passive samplers for detecting APIs in groundwater wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sirkku Tuominen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanja Karlsson
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Perkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Huttula
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Saraperä
- Turku Region Water Ltd., Maariankatu 1, 20100, Turku, Finland
| | - Aki Artimo
- Turku Region Water Ltd., Maariankatu 1, 20100, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina Korpiharju
- The Water Protection Association of the River Kokemäenjoki (KVVY), P.O.Box 265, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lauri Äystö
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Fjäder
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Assmuth
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rosendahl
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Nysten
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), P.O.Box 140, 00251, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Biel-Maeso M, Corada-Fernández C, Lara-Martín PA. Determining the distribution of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in soils and sediments by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:1001-1010. [PMID: 28753901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment may pose a potential risk for humans and ecosystems. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are recognized as one of the main sources of these chemicals into both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The objectives of the study were to determine the presence of a wide variety of PhACs (n = 45) in sewage-impacted sediments and soils from the Guadalete River basin (SW Spain) by developing and applying an environmentally friendly multi-residue method based on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE). Different parameters were optimized, including extraction temperature, pH, solvents, and clean-up. Extraction recoveries were analyte dependent, varying between 50% and 140% for most of the analytes when using pure water as extraction solvent at 100 °C. Determination of PhACs was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), enabling method detection (mLODs) and quantification (mLOQs) limits between <0.01 and 0.83 ng g-1 and from 0.02 to 2.75 ng g-1, respectively. Regarding the sampling area, 14 out of 45 target compounds were detected in soils and sediments. Analgesic/anti-inflammatories was the therapeutic group most commonly detected, reaching concentrations up to 20 ng g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Biel-Maeso
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
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31
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García-Santiago X, Garrido JM, Lema JM, Franco-Uría A. Fate of pharmaceuticals in soil after application of STPs products: Influence of physicochemical properties and modelling approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:406-415. [PMID: 28511136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Depurated effluents can be employed as reclaimed water for irrigation in regions with low precipitations, while nutrients-rich biosolids are usually applied as fertilizer for agricultural purposes. However, both practices may result in the accumulation of micropollutants in the soil compartment, the contamination of groundwater, and/or their biotransfer to different living organisms until they finally may reach human receptors. The fate and transport of seven pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) with different physicochemical properties was analysed for these scenarios employing two different models: the buckets model and the HYDRUS-1D software package. The results indicated that these compounds have a low potential to contaminate groundwater in the type of soil under study (silty loam), although triclosan tended to accumulate in the top layers of the soil. Similar conclusions were reached through both models, although they predicted different solute plant uptake and accumulation patterns of the evaluated compounds. Therefore, the buckets model can be considered as an adequate option to perform a screening level assessment of these compounds. However, HYDRUS-1D could provide more information on the fate of pharmaceuticals in soil, thus contributing to reduce the uncertainty already associated to PPCPs. Additionally, the significant difference of the Hazard Index (HI) obtained from a human health risk assessment performed using the estimated soil concentrations from both models also contributed to recommend the use of a model that considers all the relevant mechanisms of mass transfer to reduce overestimation of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xela García-Santiago
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Garrido
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amaya Franco-Uría
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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32
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Hebig KH, Groza LG, Sabourin MJ, Scheytt TJ, Ptacek CJ. Transport behavior of the pharmaceutical compounds carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, and naproxen, and the lifestyle drug caffeine, in saturated laboratory columns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:708-719. [PMID: 28284639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of pharmaceutically active compounds found in natural environments little is known about their transport behavior in groundwater, which is complicated by their wide range of physical and chemical properties. The transport behavior of five widely used and often detected pharmaceutical compounds and one lifestyle drug has therefore been investigated, using a set of three column experiments. The investigated compounds were the anticonvulsant carbamazepine, the lifestyle drug caffeine, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, the lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories ibuprofen and naproxen. The columns were filled with three different types of sand. The substrates consisted of artificially prepared iron-coated sand, artificially prepared organic carbon sand (with 5% leaf compost), and natural aquifer sand from Long Point, Ontario (Canada). The experiments were conducted simultaneously under the same hydraulic conditions and with the same input solution of about 1μg·L-1 of each compound. The transport behavior of the organic compounds differed significantly between both the different columns and the different compounds. A strong correlation was observed between the retardation factors for carbamazepine, gemfibrozil, and ibuprofen and the organic carbon content of the substrate. While the retardation increased with increasing organic carbon content, no direct relationship was observed between the organic carbon content and the removal of these compounds. In contrast, the retardation factors for sulfamethoxazole and naproxen showed no correlation with the organic carbon content but these compounds were significantly removed in the presence of organic matter. The influence of the Fe3+ surfaces in the iron-coated sand was less significant than expected, with all compounds except for sulfamethoxazole having retardation factors <1.8. Caffeine was so strongly removed during transport through those substrates containing organic carbon that no reliable retardation factor could be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus H Hebig
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Applied Geosciences, EB 10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Laura G Groza
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Michelle J Sabourin
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Traugott J Scheytt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Applied Geosciences, EB 10, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carol J Ptacek
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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33
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Łukaszewicz P, Maszkowska J, Mulkiewicz E, Kumirska J, Stepnowski P, Caban M. Impact of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals on the Agricultural Environment: A Re-inspection. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 243:89-148. [PMID: 28005213 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) is a result of growing animal production. Manure, a great crop fertilizer, contains a significant amount of VPs. The investigation of VPs in manure is prevalent, because of the potential risk for environmental organisms, as well as human health. A re-evaluation of the impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on the agricultural environment is needed, even though several publications appear every year. The aim of this review was to collate the data from fields investigated for the presence of VPs as an inevitable component of manure. Data on VP concentrations in manure, soils, groundwater and plants were collected from the literature. All of this was connected with biotic and abiotic degradation, leaching and plant uptake. The data showed that the sorption of VPs into soil particles is a process which decreases the negative impact of VPs on the microbial community, the pollution of groundwater, and plant uptake. What was evident was that most of the data came from experiments conducted under conditions different from those in the environment, resulting in an overestimation of data (especially in the case of leaching). The general conclusion is that the application of manure on crop fields leads to a negligible risk for plants, bacteria, and finally humans, but in future every group of compounds needs to be investigated separately, because of the high divergence of properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Joanna Maszkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Ewa Mulkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kumirska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland
| | - Magda Caban
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
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Knopp G, Prasse C, Ternes TA, Cornel P. Elimination of micropollutants and transformation products from a wastewater treatment plant effluent through pilot scale ozonation followed by various activated carbon and biological filters. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 100:580-592. [PMID: 27243387 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment plants are ineffective in removing a broad range of micropollutants, resulting in the release of these compounds into the aquatic environment, including natural drinking water resources. Ozonation is a suitable treatment process for micropollutant removal, although, currently, little is known about the formation, behavior, and removal of transformation products (TP) formed during ozonation. We investigated the elimination of 30 selected micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, X-ray contrast media, industrial chemicals, and TP) by biological treatment coupled with ozonation and, subsequently, in parallel with two biological filters (BF) or granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. The selected micropollutants were removed to very different extents during the conventional biological wastewater treatment process. Ozonation (specific ozone consumption: 0.87 ± 0.29 gO3 gDOC(-1), hydraulic retention time: 17 ± 3 min) eliminated a large number of the investigated micropollutants. Although 11 micropollutants could still be detected after ozonation, most of these were eliminated in subsequent GAC filtration at bed volumes (BV) of approximately 25,000 m(3) m(-3). In contrast, no additional removal of micropollutants was achieved in the BF. Ozonation of the analgesic tramadol led to the formation of tramadol-N-oxide that is effectively eliminated by GAC filters, but not by BF. For the antiviral drug acyclovir, the formation of carboxy-acyclovir was observed during activated sludge treatment, with an average concentration of 3.4 ± 1.4 μg L(-1) detected in effluent samples. Subsequent ozonation resulted in the complete elimination of carboxy-acyclovir and led to the formation of N-(4-carbamoyl-2-imino-5-oxo imidazolidin)-formamido-N-methoxyacetetic acid (COFA; average concentration: 2.6 ± 1.0 μg L(-1)). Neither the BF nor the GAC filters were able to remove COFA. These results highlight the importance of considering TP in the evaluation of advanced wastewater treatment processes. The results further indicate that post-treatment of ozonated wastewater with GAC filtration seems to be more suitable than BF, due to the sorption of formed TP to the activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Knopp
- Institute IWAR, Department Wastewater Technology and Water Reuse, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 406 O'Brien Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Peter Cornel
- Institute IWAR, Department Wastewater Technology and Water Reuse, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Str. 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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35
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Daughton CG. Pharmaceuticals and the Environment (PiE): Evolution and impact of the published literature revealed by bibliometric analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 562:391-426. [PMID: 27104492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The evolution and impact of the published literature surrounding the transdisciplinary, multifaceted topic of pharmaceuticals as contaminants in the environment is examined for the first time in an historical context. The preponderance of literature cited in this examination represents the earlier works. As an historical chronology, the focus is on the emergence of key, specific aspects of the overall topic (often termed PiE) in the published literature and on the most highly cited works. This examination is not a conventional, technical review of the literature; as such, little attention was devoted to the more recent literature. The many dimensions involved with PiE span over 70years of published literature. Some articles began to appear in published works in the 1940s and earlier, while others only began to receive attention in the 1990s and later. Decades of early research on what at the time seemed to be disconnected topics eventually coalesced in the mid-to-late 1990s around a number of interconnected concerns and issues that now comprise PiE. Major objectives are to provide a new perspective to the topic, to facilitate more efficient and effective review of the literature by others, and to recognize the more significant, seminal contributions to the advancement of PiE as a field of research. Some of the most highly cited articles in all of environmental science now involve PiE. As of April 2015, a core group of 385 PiE articles had each received at least 200 citations; one had received 5424 citations. But hundreds of additional articles also played important roles in the evolution and advancement of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Daughton
- Environmental Futures Analysis Branch, Systems Exposure Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 944 East Harmon Avenue, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA.
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Wohde M, Blanckenhorn WU, Floate KD, Lahr J, Lumaret JP, Römbke J, Scheffczyk A, Tixier T, Düring RA. Analysis and dissipation of the antiparasitic agent ivermectin in cattle dung under different field conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1924-33. [PMID: 27100922 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cattle treated with the veterinary parasiticide ivermectin fecally excrete residues. The authors report the exposition and dissipation characteristics of these residues in dung of ivermectin-treated cattle and in soil beneath this dung on pastures in Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. Residues were quantified for dung collected from cattle after 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 28 d posttreatment and subsequently exposed in the field for up to 13 mo. The authors optimized a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method to detect ivermectin residues in dung and soil matrices. They showed that a solid phase extraction and purification step generally can be eliminated to reduce the time and cost of these analyses. They also found that the addition of water to relatively dry samples improves the extraction efficiency of residues. They then analyzed the field samples to document differences in ivermectin dissipation in cattle dung among sites, with 50% dissipation times of up to 32 d and 90% dissipation times >396 d. They further showed that the dissipation characteristics of residues are comparable between dung of ivermectin-treated cattle and dung to which ivermectin has been added directly. Lastly, they report the first use of a desorption electrospray ionization-high-resolution-mass spectrometric method to detect residues of metabolites in a dung matrix. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1924-1933. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Wohde
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Evolutionary Biology & Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin D Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joost Lahr
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Lumaret
- Centre for Evolutionary & Functional Ecology, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Tixier
- Centre for Evolutionary & Functional Ecology, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Rath S, Pereira LA, Bosco SMD, Maniero MG, Fostier AH, Guimarães JR. Fate of ivermectin in the terrestrial and aquatic environment: mobility, degradation, and toxicity towards Daphnia similis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5654-66. [PMID: 26578379 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug that is regularly employed in veterinary medicine. In this work, the sorption and desorption of IVM in two Brazilian soils (N1-sand and S2-clay) as well as its leaching capacity, dissipation under aerobic conditions, and degradation in aqueous solution by photocatalysis with TiO2 in suspension were evaluated. The kinetic sorption curves of IVM were adjusted to a pseudo-second-order model. The sorption and desorption data were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherms in the log form (r > 0.96). The Freundlich sorption coefficient (K F (ads) ) and the Freundlich desorption coefficient (K F (des) ) were 77.7 and 120 μg(1-1/n) (cm(3))(1/n) g(-1) and 74.5 and 138 μg(1-1/n) (cm(3))(1/n) g(-1), for soils N1 and S2, respectively. A greater leaching capacity of IVM was observed for the sandy soil N1 than for the clay soil S2. Under aerobic conditions, the dissipation (DT50) at 19.3 °C was 15.5 days (soil N1) and 11.5 days (soil S2). Photocatalysis with UVC and TiO2 in suspension resulted in the degradation of 98 % of IVM (500 μg L(-1)) in water in 600 s. The toxicity (Daphnia similis) of the solutions submitted to the photocatalytic process was completely eliminated after 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rath
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Alves Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Dal Bosco
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Guedes Maniero
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anne Hélène Fostier
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Guimarães
- School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Vassilis LD, George BC, Charalampos PG, Athina PV, Xanthippos KN. Mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in the terrestrial environment: Adsorption kinetics of the macrocyclic lactone eprinomectin in soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1201-6. [PMID: 26469933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Avermectins, such as eprinomectin (EPM), are antiparasitic drugs widely and globally used. There is undisputed evidence that they could be a threat for the terrestrial ecosystem. Despite their global use, data for avermectins behaviour and fate in soils are scarce. The objectives of this research were to conduct adsorption experiments in the soil to determine kinetics and isotherms as well as to explore the EPM adsorption mechanism. Accordingly, various models were employed to study the adsorption behaviour and kinetics as well as the adsorption mechanism of EPM in soils. The results showed that the degree of EPM adsorption to soils is determined by the soils' physicochemical properties and the EPM initial concentration. It is possible that dissolved EPM concentration will be higher in soils that contain low amounts of clay minerals and organic matter, resulting in higher toxicity risk for the soil biota and shallow groundwater aquifers contamination. The results of this study are crucial for impact assessment of EPM and in the design of environmental fate or ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litskas D Vassilis
- Laboratory of Ecology and Protection of the Environment, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Batzias C George
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevas G Charalampos
- Laboratory of General and Agricultural Hydraulics and Land Reclamation, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlatou-Ve Athina
- Laboratory of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Karamanlis N Xanthippos
- Laboratory of Ecology and Protection of the Environment, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mioduszewska K, Maszkowska J, Białk-Bielińska A, Krüger O, Kalbe U, Liberek B, Łukaszewicz P, Stepnowski P. The leaching behavior of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide from soil in the presence of co-contaminant--Mixture sorption approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 542:915-922. [PMID: 26562339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs (ACDs) exhibit high biological activity, they are cytotoxic, genotoxic, and are constantly released into the environment as a result of incomplete metabolism. Consequently they pose a serious threat to the environment and human health due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic and/or reproductive toxicity properties. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil-groundwater pathway, is crucial for their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste material. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in physicochemical properties, each spiked with cyclophosphamide (CK) or ifosfamide (IF). Moreover, due to the fact that environmental pollutants may occur as coexisting compounds in the soil the mobility evaluation for ACDs in the mixture with metoprolol (MET; β-blocker) as a co-contaminant was performed. In order to assess appropriateness, the batch and column tests were compared. The release depended on the properties of both the soil and the presence of co-contaminants. The faster release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil: 90% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.3 L kg(-1) for all tests' layout) than for loamy sand (LS soil: 90% decrease in concentration until ratio L/S of 0.75 L kg(-1)). ACDs are highly mobile in soil systems. Furthermore, the decrease of mobility of ifosfamide was observed with the presence of a co-contaminant (metoprolol) in both of the soils (in MS soil a decrease of 29%; in LS soil a decrease of 26%). The mobility of cyclophosphamide does not depend on the presence of a contaminant for MS soil, but also exhibits a decrease of 21% in LS soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mioduszewska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Maszkowska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Oliver Krüger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Kalbe
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beata Liberek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paulina Łukaszewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hack N, Reinwand C, Abbt-Braun G, Horn H, Frimmel FH. Biodegradation of phenol, salicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and iomeprol by Pseudomonas fluorescens in the capillary fringe. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 183:40-54. [PMID: 26529301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mass transfer and biological transformation phenomena in the capillary fringe were studied using phenol, salicylic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and the iodinated X-ray contrast agent iomeprol as model organic compounds and the microorganism strain Pseudomonas fluorescens. Three experimental approaches were used: Batch experiments (uniform water saturation and transport by diffusion), in static columns (with a gradient of water saturation and advective transport in the capillaries) and in a flow-through cell (with a gradient of water saturation and transport by horizontal and vertical flow: 2-dimension flow-through microcosm). The reactors employed for the experiments were filled with quartz sand of defined particle size distribution (dp=200...600 μm, porosity ε=0.42). Batch experiments showed that phenol and salicylic acid have a high, whereas benzenesulfonic acid and iomeprol have a quite low potential for biodegradation under aerobic conditions and in a matrix nearly close to water saturation. Batch experiments under anoxic conditions with nitrate as electron acceptor revealed that the biodegradation of the model compounds was lower than under aerobic conditions. Nevertheless, the experiments showed that the moisture content was also responsible for an optimized transport in the liquid phase of a porous medium. Biodegradation in the capillary fringe was found to be influenced by both the moisture content and availability of the dissolved substrate, as seen in static column experiments. The gas-liquid mass transfer of oxygen also played an important role for the biological activity. In static column experiments under aerobic conditions, the highest biodegradation was found in the capillary fringe (e.g. βt/β0 (phenol)=0 after t=6 d) relative to the zone below the water table and unsaturated zone. The highest biodegradation occurred in the flow-through cell experiment where the height of the capillary fringe was largest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Hack
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christian Reinwand
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gudrun Abbt-Braun
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fritz H Frimmel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institute, Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lachassagne D, Soubrand M, Casellas M, Gonzalez-Ospina A, Dagot C. Impact of sludge stabilization processes and sludge origin (urban or hospital) on the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds following sludge landspreading in laboratory soil-column experiments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17135-17150. [PMID: 26139401 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of sludge stabilization treatments (liming and anaerobic digestion) on the mobility of different pharmaceutical compounds in soil amended by landspreading of treated sludge from different sources (urban and hospital). The sorption and desorption potential of the following pharmaceutical compounds: carbamazepine (CBZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), salicylic acid (SAL), ibuprofen (IBU), paracetamol (PAR), diclofenac (DIC), ketoprofen (KTP), econazole (ECZ), atenolol (ATN), and their solid-liquid distribution during sludge treatment (from thickening to stabilization) were investigated in the course of batch testing. The different sludge samples were then landspread at laboratory scale and leached with an artificial rain simulating 1 year of precipitation adapted to the surface area of the soil column used. The quality of the resulting leachate was investigated. Results showed that ibuprofen had the highest desorption potential for limed and digested urban and hospital sludge. Ibuprofen, salicylic acid, diclofenac, and paracetamol were the only compounds found in amended soil leachates. Moreover, the leaching potential of these compounds and therefore the risk of groundwater contamination depend mainly on the origin of the sludge because ibuprofen and diclofenac were present in the leachates of soils amended with urban sludge, whereas paracetamol and salicylic acid were found only in the leachates of soils amended with hospital sludge. Although carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, ketoprofen, econazole, and atenolol were detected in some sludge, they were not present in any leachate. This reflects either an accumulation and/or (bio)degradation of these compounds (CBZ, CIP, SMX, KTP, ECZ, and ATN ), thus resulting in very low mobility in soil. Ecotoxicological risk assessment, evaluated by calculating the risk quotients for each studied pharmaceutical compound, revealed no high risk due to the application on the soil of sludge stabilized by liming or anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lachassagne
- GRESE, EA4330, ENSIL, Parc ESTER Technopôle, Université de Limoges, 16 rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges, France
| | - Marilyne Soubrand
- GRESE, EA4330, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
| | - Magali Casellas
- GRESE, EA4330, ENSIL, Parc ESTER Technopôle, Université de Limoges, 16 rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges, France
| | - Adriana Gonzalez-Ospina
- Degrémont SA, Suez-Environnement, 183 avenue du 18 juin 1940, 92500, Rueil Malmaison, France
| | - Christophe Dagot
- GRESE, EA4330, ENSIL, Parc ESTER Technopôle, Université de Limoges, 16 rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges, France
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Corada-Fernández C, Jiménez-Martínez J, Candela L, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Occurrence and spatial distribution of emerging contaminants in the unsaturated zone. case study: Guadalete River basin (Cadiz, Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119 Suppl:S131-7. [PMID: 24890839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with reclaimed water is becoming a common practice in arid- and semi-arid regions as a consequence of structural water resource scarcity. This practice can lead to contamination of the vadose zone if sewage-derived contaminants are not removed properly. In the current work, we have characterized soils from the Guadalete River basin (SW Spain), which are often irrigated with reclaimed water from a nearby wastewater treatment plant and amended using sludge. Physico-chemical, mineralogical and hydraulic properties were measured in soil samples from this area (from surface up to 2 m depth). Emerging contaminants (synthetic surfactants and pharmaceutically active compounds, or PhACs) were also determined. Synthetic surfactants, widely used in personal care products (PCPs), were found in a wide range of concentrations: 73-1300 μg kg(-1) for linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), 120-496 μg kg(-1) for alkyl ethoxysulfates (AES), 19-1090 μg kg(-1) for alcohol polyethoxylates (AEOs), and 155-280 μg kg(-1) for nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs). The presence of surfactant homologues with longer alkyl chains was predominant due to their sorption capacity. A positive correlation was found between LAS and AEOs and soil organic carbon and clay content, respectively. Out of 64 PhACs analyzed, only 7 were detected occasionally (diclofenac, metoprolol, fenofibrate, carbamazepine, clarithromycin, famotidine and hydrochlorothiazide), always at very low concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.3 μg kg(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Corada-Fernández
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | | | - Lucila Candela
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Technical University of Catalonia-UPC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Mazo
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain.
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Turner A, Mascorda L. Particle-water interactions of platinum-based anticancer drugs in river water and estuarine water. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:415-422. [PMID: 25068619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic, platinum-based anticancer drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, enter the aquatic environment largely in municipal wastes via excretion from outpatients undergoing chemotherapy. The environmental behaviour, effects and fate of these drugs are, however, unknown. In this study, the adsorption of the drugs to untreated and chemically modified (oxide-free and organic-free) sediment was examined in both river water and low salinity (S=3.2) estuarine water in order to determine the nature and extent of their interactions with suspended particles. In all cases, adsorption isotherms were linear, and the slopes of the relationships, or distribution coefficients (KDs), ranged from about 10(2) to 10(3) ml g(-1). Overall, adsorption decreased in the order: cisplatin>carboplatin>oxaliplatin; in river water and: cisplatin>carboplatin, oxaliplatin; in estuarine water. There was no clear dependence of adsorption on sediment treatment but, for all sediment types, both cisplatin and carboplatin adsorption was greater in river water than in estuarine water. Qualitatively, these observations are consistent with the rates of formation of reactive, aquated degradation products and the dependencies of these rates on aqueous chloride concentration. We predict that during transport through an estuarine turbidity maximum (of suspended sediment concentration=1 g L(-1)), up to about 45% of cisplatin and 35% of carboplatin are filtered out from the aqueous phase but that no more than 7% of oxaliplatin is retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Llucia Mascorda
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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Echeverría S, Borrull F, Pocurull E, Fontanals N. Pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry applied to determine iodinated X-ray contrast media in sewage sludge. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 844:75-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zemann M, Wolf L, Pöschko A, Schmidt N, Sawarieh A, Seder N, Tiehm A, Hötzl H, Goldscheider N. Sources and processes affecting the spatio-temporal distribution of pharmaceuticals and X-ray contrast media in the water resources of the Lower Jordan Valley, Jordan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:100-114. [PMID: 24821436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The closed basin of the Lower Jordan Valley with the Dead Sea as final sink features high evapotranspiration rates and almost complete reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation farming. This study focuses on the water transfer schemes and the presence, spreading, and potential accumulation of pharmaceutical residues in the local water resources based on findings of a five-year monitoring program. Overall 16 pharmaceuticals and 9 iodinated X-ray contrast media were monitored in groundwater, surface water, and treated wastewater. A total of 95 samples were taken to cover all geographical settings and flow paths from origin (wastewater) to target (groundwater). Nine substances were detected in groundwater, with concentrations ranging between 11 ng/L and 33,000 ng/L. Sometimes, detection rates were higher than in comparable studies: Diatrizoic acid 75%, iopamidol 42%, iopromide 19%, iomeprol 11%, carbamazepine and iohexol 8%, ibuprofen 6%, and fenofibrate and iothalamic acid 3%. Concentrations in groundwater generally increase from north to south depending on the application of treated wastewater for irrigation. Almost all substances occurred most frequently and with highest concentrations in treated wastewater, followed by surface water and groundwater. As exception, diatrizoic acid was found more frequently in groundwater than in treated wastewater, with concentrations being similar. This indicates the persistence of diatrizoic acid with long residence times in local groundwater systems, but may also reflect changing prescription patterns, which would be in accordance with increasing iopamidol findings and surveys at local hospitals. Trend analyses confirm this finding and indicate a high probability of increasing iopamidol concentrations, while other substances did not reveal any trends. However, no proof of evaporative enrichment could be found. The high spatial and temporal variability of the concentrations measured calls for further systematic studies to assess the long-term evolution of organic trace substances in this reuse setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Zemann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Kaiserstraße 12, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Leif Wolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Kaiserstraße 12, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Antje Pöschko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Kaiserstraße 12, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Tiehm
- Water Technology Center (TZW), 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Heinz Hötzl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Kaiserstraße 12, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nico Goldscheider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Kaiserstraße 12, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:213-21. [PMID: 24380896 PMCID: PMC3948022 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water. DISCUSSION Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small. CONCLUSIONS Research should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants. CITATION Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. 2014. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 122:213–221; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229
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Burke V, Treumann S, Duennbier U, Greskowiak J, Massmann G. Sorption behavior of 20 wastewater originated micropollutants in groundwater--column experiments with pharmaceutical residues and industrial agents. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2013; 154:29-41. [PMID: 24077094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since sorption is an essential process with regard to attenuation of organic pollutants during subsurface flow, information on the sorption properties of each pollutant are essential for assessing their environmental fate and transport behavior. In the present study, the sorption behavior of 20 wastewater originated organic micropollutants was assessed by means of sediment column experiments, since experimentally determined data for these compounds are not or sparsely represented in the literature. Compounds investigated include various psychoactive drugs, phenazone-type pharmaceuticals and β-blockers, as well as phenacetine, N-methylphenacetine, tolyltriazole and para-toluenesulfonamide. While for most of the compounds no or only a low sorption affinity was observed, an elevated tendency to sorb onto aquifer sand was obtained for the β-blockers atenolol, propranolol and metoprolol. A comparison between experimental data and data estimated based on the octanol/water partition coefficient following the QSAR approach demonstrated the limitations of the latter to predict the adsorption behavior in natural systems for the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Burke
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Working Group Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany.
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Rodríguez-Navas C, Björklund E, Bak SA, Hansen M, Krogh KA, Maya F, Forteza R, Cerdà V. Pollution pathways of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment on the island of Mallorca, Spain. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 65:56-66. [PMID: 23440447 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work determines the principal environmental pollution pathways of pharmaceuticals on the island of Mallorca (Spain). The evaluation was made on the basis of the quantification of pharmaceutical residues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in several environmental water samples, including wastewater-treatment plant effluents, municipal solid waste landfill leachates, groundwater (GW), and marine water. An overall set of 19 pharmaceuticals has been identified in the environment of the 27 human pharmaceuticals investigated in this study. WWTP effluents are the main source of discharge of the pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment. The data indicate that reuse of treated domestic wastewater for irrigation (which supplies some 30 % of the total water demand in Mallorca) contributes to the contamination of GW. In addition, leaching from landfills is identified as another, but minor, possible source of introduction of pharmaceuticals to GW aquifers. Finally, WWTP effluents ending in the Mediterranean Sea, primarily highly urbanized coastal areas, cause pharmaceutical residues to occur in marine water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodríguez-Navas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemosa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Netthisinghe AMP, Cook KL, Rice C, Gilfillen RA, Sistani KR. Soil Nutrients, Bacteria Populations, and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals across a Backgrounding Beef Feedlot. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:532-544. [PMID: 23673846 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2012.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Beef cattle backgrounding operations that grow out weaned calves for feedlot finishing contain several environmentally significant constituents. A better understanding of these constituents and their environmental distribution will aid in the development of effective management guidelines for sustainable beef production. This research investigated soil nutrients, bacterial, and veterinary pharmaceutical concentrations across a small backgrounding beef feedlot on a karst landscape. Results indicated that all contaminants were highly concentrated in the feeder area (FD) and were lower in the other feedlot areas. The FD soils had a pH of 8.2, 59 mg kg soil organic matter (SOM), 2002 mg kg soil test phosphorus (STP), 99.7 mg kg NH-N, and 18.3 mg kg NO-N. The other locations were acidic (5.9-6.9 pH) and contained 39 mg kg SOM, 273 mg kg STP, 21.5 mg kg NH-N, and 2.0 NO-N mg kg. Bacteria populations in the FD averaged 2.7 × 10 total cells, 3.9 × 10 spp., 2.9 × 10 spp, and 4.5 × 10 cells per gram of soil. spp. and spp. concentrations were 1 to 4 orders of magnitude lower at the other locations. showed lower dynamic range and was generally uniformly distributed across the landscape. Antibiotic and parasiticide concentrations in the FD were 86.9 ng g monensin, 25.0 ng g lasalocid, and 10.3 ng g doramectin. Their concentrations were 6- to 27-fold lower in the other feedlot locations. Contaminant management plans for this small feedlot will therefore focus on the feeder and nearby grazing areas where soil nutrients, bacteria populations, and veterinary pharmaceuticals were most concentrated.
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Peng H, Pan B, Wu M, Liu Y, Zhang D, Xing B. Adsorption of ofloxacin and norfloxacin on carbon nanotubes: hydrophobicity- and structure-controlled process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 233-234:89-96. [PMID: 22819959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of antibiotics on solid particles is a key process controlling their fate in the subsurface. This study compared the adsorption of ofloxacin and norfloxacin (NOR) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to evaluate the role of structural and hydrophobic properties in regulating their adsorption. A significant relationship was observed between single-point adsorption coefficients (K(d)) and specific surface area (highly hydrophobic), but not between K(d)s and oxygen content. This result suggested that site-specific adsorption was not important but hydrophobic effect may have an important contribution to OFL and NOR adsorption on CNTs. However, normalizing the adsorption coefficients by OFL and NOR solubilities enlarged their adsorption difference indicating that hydrophobicity was not the only factor controlling the difference between OFL and NOR adsorption on CNTs. Their chemical structures show that both chemicals could interact with CNTs through an electron-donor-acceptor mechanism. This mechanism was correlated with the different adsorption of OFL and NOR on functionalized CNTs (namely hydroxylized, carboxylized, and graphitized CNTs). This study revealed that OFL and NOR adsorption was controlled by their both structural- and hydrophobic-properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Peng
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
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