1
|
Li SC, Gu LH, Wang YF, Wang LM, Chen L, Giesy JP, Tuo X, Xu WL, Wu QH, Liu YQ, Wu MH, Diao YY, Zeng HH, Zhang QB. A proteomic study on gastric impairment in rats caused by microcystin-LR. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:169306. [PMID: 38103614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most common cyanobacterial toxins. Epidemiological investigation showed that exposure to MCs can cause gastro-intestinal symptoms, gastroenteritis and gastric cancer. MCs can also accumulate in and cause histopathological damage to stomach. However, the exact mechanisms by which MCs cause gastric injury were unclear. In this study, Wistar rats were administrated 50, 75 or 100 μg microcystin-LR (MC-LR)/kg, body mass (bm) via tail vein, and histopathology, response of anti-oxidant system and the proteome of gastric tissues at 24 h after exposure were studied. Bleeding of fore-stomach and gastric corpus, inflammation and necrosis in gastric corpus and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells in gastric antrum were observed following acute MC-LR exposure. Compared with controls, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly greater in gastric tissues of exposed rats, while activities of catalase (CAT) were less in rats administrated 50 μg MC-LR/kg, bm, and concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were greater in rats administrated 75 or 100 μg MC-LR/kg, bm. These results indicated that MC-LR could disrupt the anti-oxidant system and cause oxidative stress. The proteomic results revealed that MC-LR could affect expressions of proteins related to cytoskeleton, immune system, gastric functions, and some signaling pathways, including platelet activation, complement and coagulation cascades, and ferroptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that transcriptions of genes for ferroptosis and gastric function were altered, which confirmed results of proteomics. Overall, this study illustrated that MC-LR could induce gastric dysfunction, and ferroptosis might be involved in MC-LR-induced gastric injury. This study provided novel insights into mechanisms of digestive diseases induced by MCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chun Li
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li-Hong Gu
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Wang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xun Tuo
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wen-Li Xu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian-Hui Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Qilu Lake Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Plateau Shallow Lake in Yunnan Province, Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ming-Huo Wu
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yang-Yang Diao
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hao-Hang Zeng
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qing-Bi Zhang
- Environmental Health Effects and Risk Assessment Key Laboratory of Luzhou, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reif JS, Stockley N, Harvey K, McFarland M, Gordon SC, Schaefer AM. Symptom frequency and exposure to a cyanobacteria bloom in Florida. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102526. [PMID: 37951612 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was undertaken to characterize health effects associated with a major bloom of blue-green algae due to the proliferation Microcystis aeruginosa that occurred in Florida in 2018. Cyanobacteria produce multiple toxins, including the potent hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs), that have been reported to cause illness in exposed persons worldwide. Widespread exposure to toxins released by blue-green algae during the 2018 bloom was shown by the presence of MCs in the nasal passages of 95 percent of the individuals studied previously in south Florida (Schaefer et al., 2020). The current analyses were conducted to determine whether self-reported symptoms were associated with activity patterns, direct contact with water, residential, recreational, and occupational exposure. The 125 persons who participated in the initial study reported an average of 4.94 (± 4.87) symptoms. Those reported most commonly included rhinorrhea, sneezing, headache, sore throat and dry cough. Respiratory symptoms were reported by 74%, ocular symptoms by 62%, and gastrointestinal symptoms by 35% of respondents. Residential and recreational exposures were associated with increased risks of respiratory, gastrointestinal, or ocular symptoms in univariate and adjusted multivariable analyses. Residential exposure was significantly associated with increased reporting of dry cough (p = 0.03), dyspnea (p < 0.01) and wheezy respirations (p = 0.04). Among persons reporting gastrointestinal symptoms, nausea (p = 0.02) and abdominal pain (p < 0.01) were significantly associated with residential exposure. Recreational exposure was significantly associated with sore throat and eye irritation. The findings add to the evidence that exposure to cyanobacteria at concentrations encountered during an algal bloom is associated with a diverse array of symptoms and that inhalation of aerosols constitutes an important exposure pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Reif
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 1681 Campus, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, United States.
| | - Nicole Stockley
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600U.S. 1N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946, United States
| | - Kathi Harvey
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Malcolm McFarland
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600U.S. 1N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946, United States
| | - Shirley C Gordon
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Adam M Schaefer
- Abt Associates, 6130 Executive Blvd Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Wang H, Yan S, Wang T, Zhang P, Zhang H, Wang H, Hansson LA, Xu J. Chemodiversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins Driven by Future Scenarios of Climate Warming and Eutrophication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11767-11778. [PMID: 37535835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and eutrophication are two environmental threats that can alter the structure of freshwater ecosystems and their service functions, but we know little about how ecosystem structure and function will evolve in future scenarios of climate warming. Therefore, we created different experimental climate scenarios, including present-day conditions, a 3.0 °C increase in mean temperature, and a "heatwaves" scenario (i.e., an increase in temperature variability) to assess the effects of climate change on phytoplankton communities under simultaneous stress from eutrophication and herbicides. We show that the effects of climate warming, particularly heatwaves, are associated with elevated cyanobacterial abundances and toxin production, driven by a change from mainly nontoxic to toxic Microcystis spp. The reason for higher cyanobacterial toxin concentrations is likely an increase in abundances because under the dual pressures of climate warming and eutrophication individual Microcystis toxin-producing ability decreased. Eutrophication and higher temperatures significantly increased the biomass of Microcystis, leading to an increase in the cyanobacterial toxin concentrations. In contrast, warming alone did not produce higher cyanobacterial abundances or cyanobacterial toxin concentrations likely due to the depletion of the available nutrient pool. Similarly, the herbicide glyphosate alone did not affect abundances of any phytoplankton taxa. In the case of nutrient enrichment, cyanobacterial toxin concentrations were much higher than under warming alone due to a strong boost in biomass of potential cyanobacterial toxin producers. From a broader perspective our study shows that in a future warmer climate, nutrient loading has to be reduced if toxic cyanobacterial dominance is to be controlled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology/Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim CC, Yoon J, Reynolds K, Gerald LB, Ault AP, Heo S, Bell ML. Harmful algal bloom aerosols and human health. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104604. [PMID: 37164781 PMCID: PMC10363441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing across many locations globally. Toxins from HABs can be incorporated into aerosols and transported inland, where subsequent exposure and inhalation can induce adverse health effects. However, the relationship between HAB aerosols and health outcomes remains unclear despite the potential for population-level exposures. In this review, we synthesized the current state of knowledge and identified evidence gaps in the relationship between HAB aerosols and human health. Aerosols from Karenia brevis, Ostreopsis sp., and cyanobacteria were linked with respiratory outcomes. However, most works did not directly measure aerosol or toxin concentrations and instead relied on proxy metrics of exposure, such as cell concentrations in nearby waterbodies. Furthermore, the number of studies with epidemiological designs was limited. Significant uncertainties remain regarding the health effects of other HAB species; threshold dose and the dose-response relationship; effects of concurrent exposures to mixtures of toxins and other aerosol sources, such as microplastics and metals; the impact of long-term exposures; and disparities in exposures and associated health effects across potentially vulnerable subpopulations. Additional studies employing multifaceted exposure assessment methods and leveraging large health databases could address such gaps and improve our understanding of the public health burden of HABs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Lim
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
| | - Jeonggyo Yoon
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Kelly Reynolds
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Population Health Sciences Program, Office of the Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Seulkee Heo
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Labohá P, Sychrová E, Brózman O, Sovadinová I, Bláhová L, Prokeš R, Ondráček J, Babica P. Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins and lipopolysaccharides in aerosols from inland freshwater bodies and their effects on human bronchial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104073. [PMID: 36738853 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Components of cyanobacterial water blooms were quantified in aerosols above agitated water surfaces of five freshwater bodies. The thoracic and respirable aerosol fraction (0.1-10 µm) was sampled using a high-volume sampler. Cyanotoxins microcystins were detected by LC-MS/MS at levels 0.3-13.5 ng/mL (water) and < 35-415 fg/m3 (aerosol). Lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) were quantified by Pyrogene rFC assay at levels < 10-119 EU/mL (water) and 0.13-0.64 EU/m3 (aerosol). Cyanobacterial DNA was detected by qPCR at concentrations corresponding to 104-105 cells eq./mL (water) and 101-103 cells eq./m3 (aerosol). Lipopolysaccharides isolated from bloom samples induced IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release in human bronchial epithelial cells Beas-2B, while extracted cyanobacterial metabolites induced both pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Bloom components detected in aerosols and their bioactivities observed in upper respiratory airway epithelial cells together indicate that aerosols formed during cyanobacterial water blooms could induce respiratory irritation and inflammatory injuries, and thus present an inhalation health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Labohá
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Sychrová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Brózman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Sovadinová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bláhová
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Prokeš
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Atmospheric Matter Fluxes and Long-range Transport, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Department of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Babica
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Experimental Phycology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zi Y, Barker JR, MacIsaac HJ, Zhang R, Gras R, Chiang YC, Zhou Y, Lu F, Cai W, Sun C, Chang X. Identification of neurotoxic compounds in cyanobacteria exudate mixtures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159257. [PMID: 36208737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Release of toxic cyanobacterial secondary metabolites threatens biosecurity, foodwebs and public health. Microcystis aeruginosa (Ma), the dominant species in global freshwater cyanobacterial blooms, produces exudates (MaE) that cause adverse outcomes including nerve damage. Previously, we identified > 300 chemicals in MaE. It is critical to investigate neurotoxicity mechanisms of active substances among this suite of Ma compounds. Here, we screened 103 neurotoxicity assays from the ToxCast database to reveal targets of action of MaE using machine learning. We then built a potential Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) to identify neurotoxicity mechanisms of MaE as well as key targets. Finally, we selected potential neurotoxins matched with those targets using molecular docking. We found 38 targets that were inhibited and eight targets that were activated, collectively mainly related to neurotransmission (i.e. cholinergic, dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems). The potential AOP of MaE neurotoxicity could be caused by blocking calcium voltage-gated channel (CACNA1A), because of antagonizing neurotransmitter receptors, or because of inhibiting solute carrier transporters. We identified nine neurotoxic MaE compounds with high affinity to those targets, including LysoPC(16:0), 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, egonol glucoside, polyoxyethylene (600) monoricinoleate, and phytosphingosine. Our study enhances understanding of neurotoxicity mechanisms and identifies neurotoxins in cyanobacterial bloom exudates, which may help identify priority compounds for cyanobacteria management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Justin R Barker
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Robin Gras
- School of Computer Science, University of Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ying-Chih Chiang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Fangchi Lu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9 B 3P4, Canada; College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang P, Zhang P, Deng Y, Liao Y, Guo X, Sun M, Yin L, Liu R. Comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic reveal that Microcystin-LR contributed to the malignant progression of gastric cancer by estrogenic potency. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120744. [PMID: 36436660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread cyanotoxins in drinking water pose a threat to public health induced by Microcystins (MCs). MC-LR, a predominant toxic form of MCs, has been found to play critical roles in cancer progression. The role of MC-LR in hepatocarcinogenesis has attracted extensive attention. However, as a critical digestive organ, the precise mechanism of MC-LR-induced gastric cancer is still unclear. We found that 100 nM MC-LR promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and anti-apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome analysis identified differential expression patterns and aberrant pathways of SGC-7901 cells exposed to MC-LR. The results indicated that 48,109 unique peptides from 6320 proteins and 1375 phosphoproteins with 3473 phosphorylation sites were detected after 24 h treatment of MC-LR. Proteome and phosphoproteome conjoint analysis indicated estrogen signaling pathway might play an essential step in MC-LR-treated molecular events. The mechanism underlying these changes may involve MC-LR excessively activating the estrogen signaling pathway by reducing Hsp90 phosphorylation, which results in nucleus translocation of activated ERα and Krt16 overexpression in gastric cells. In general, our results indicate multiple crucial signals triggered by MC-LR, among which MC-LR may promote the development of gastric cancer by exerting estrogenic potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yinghao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Young I, Sanchez JJ, Tustin J. Recreational water illness in Canada: a changing risk landscape in the context of climate change. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2022; 113:940-943. [PMID: 36112242 PMCID: PMC9663764 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Swimming and other recreational water activities at public beaches are popular outdoor leisure activities among Canadians. However, these activities can lead to increased risks of acquiring acute gastrointestinal illness and other illnesses among beachgoers. Young children have much higher rates of exposure and illness than other age groups. These illnesses have a significant health and economic burden on society. Climate change is expected to influence both the risk of exposure and illness. A warming climate in Canada, including more severe summer heatwave events, will likely lead to increased recreational water use. Warmer temperatures will also contribute to the growth and increased range of harmful algal blooms and other climate-sensitive pathogens. Increased precipitation and heavy rainfall events will contribute to fecal and nutrient contamination of beach waters, increasing risks of gastrointestinal illness and harmful algal bloom events. There is a need to enhance recreational water research and surveillance in Canada to prepare for and adapt to these changing risks. Key research and policy needs are suggested and discussed, including evaluating and monitoring risks of recreational water illness in Canadian contexts, improving timely reporting of recreational water quality conditions, and enhancing approaches for routine beach water surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - J. Johanna Sanchez
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Jordan Tustin
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hecht JS, Zia A, Clemins PJ, Schroth AW, Winter JM, Oikonomou PD, Rizzo DM. Modeling the sensitivity of cyanobacteria blooms to plausible changes in precipitation and air temperature variability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151586. [PMID: 34793788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many recent studies have attributed the observed variability of cyanobacteria blooms to meteorological drivers and have projected blooms with worsening societal and ecological impacts under future climate scenarios. Nonetheless, few studies have jointly examined their sensitivity to projected changes in both precipitation and temperature variability. Using an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) of Lake Champlain's eutrophic Missisquoi Bay, we demonstrate a factorial design approach for evaluating the sensitivity of concentrations of chlorophyll a (chl-a), a cyanobacteria surrogate, to global climate model-informed changes in the central tendency and variability of daily precipitation and air temperature. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multivariate contour plots highlight synergistic effects of these climatic changes on exceedances of the World Health Organization's moderate 50 μg/L concentration threshold for recreational contact. Although increased precipitation produces greater riverine total phosphorus loads, warmer and drier scenarios produce the most severe blooms due to the greater mobilization and cyanobacteria uptake of legacy phosphorus under these conditions. Increases in daily precipitation variability aggravate blooms most under warmer and wetter scenarios. Greater temperature variability raises exceedances under current air temperatures but reduces them under more severe warming when water temperatures exceed optimal values for cyanobacteria growth more often. Our experiments, controlled for wind-induced changes to lake water quality, signal the importance of larger summer runoff events for curtailing bloom growth through reductions of water temperature, sunlight penetration and stratification. Finally, the importance of sequences of wet and dry periods in generating cyanobacteria blooms motivates future research on bloom responses to changes in interannual climate persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jory S Hecht
- Vermont EPSCoR, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Asim Zia
- Vermont EPSCoR, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Patrick J Clemins
- Vermont EPSCoR, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Andrew W Schroth
- Vermont EPSCoR, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan M Winter
- Vermont EPSCoR, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Donna M Rizzo
- Vermont EPSCoR, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Silva CG, Duque MD, Freire Nordi CS, Viana-Niero C. New insights into toxicity of microcystins produced by cyanobacteria using in silico ADMET prediction. Toxicon 2021; 204:64-71. [PMID: 34742780 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In silico methodologies can be used in the discovery of new drugs for measuring toxicity, predicting effects of substances not yet analyzed by in vivo methodologies. The ADMET Predictor® software (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity [ADMET]) was used in this work to predict toxic effects of microcystin variants MC-LR, MC-YR, MC-RR, and MC-HarHar. In the case of rodents, predictive results for all analyzed variants indicated carcinogenic potential. The predictive model of respiratory sensitivity in this group differentiated microcystins into 2 categories: sensitizer (MC-LR and -YR) and non-sensitizer (MC-HarHar and -RR). Predictive results for humans indicated that MC-LR and -RR are phospholipidosis inducers; on the other hand, MC-LR showed the highest predictive value of permeability in rabbit cornea and probability of crossing lipoprotein barriers (MC-LR>-YR>-HarHar>-RR). Considering bioavailable fractions, microcystins are more likely to cause biological effects in rats than humans, showing significant differences between models. The results of ADMET predictions add valuable information on microcystin toxicity, especially in the case of variants not yet studied experimentally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia [Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology], Universidade Federal de São Paulo [Federal University of São Paulo], Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo, SP, Zip Code: 04023-901, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, Zip Code: 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Duque
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, Zip Code: 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Cristina Souza Freire Nordi
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais [Department of Environmental Sciences], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, 275, Diadema, SP, Zip Code: 09972-270, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Viana-Niero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia [Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology], Universidade Federal de São Paulo [Federal University of São Paulo], Rua Botucatu, 862, São Paulo, SP, Zip Code: 04023-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe 2(SO 4) 3) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110753. [PMID: 34822537 PMCID: PMC8619581 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern. Chemical coagulants are used in water treatment to remove contaminants from the water column and could potentially be used in lakes and reservoirs. The aims of this study was to: 1) assess the efficiency of ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) coagulant in removing harmful cyanobacterial cells from lake water with cyanobacterial blooms on a short time scale, 2) determine whether some species of cyanobacteria can be selectively removed, and 3) determine the differential impact of coagulants on intra- and extra-cellular toxins. Our main results are: (i) more than 96% and 51% of total cyanobacterial cells were removed in mesocosms with applied doses of 35 mgFe/L and 20 mgFe/L, respectively. Significant differences in removing total cyanobacterial cells and several dominant cyanobacteria species were observed between the two applied doses; (ii) twelve microcystins, anatotoxin-a (ANA-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anabaenopeptin A (APA) and anabaenopeptin B (APB) were identified. Ferric sulfate effectively removed the total intracellular microcystins (greater than 97% for both applied doses). Significant removal of extracellular toxins was not observed after coagulation with both doses. Indeed, the occasional increase in extracellular toxin concentration may be related to cells lysis during the coagulation process. No significant differential impact of dosages on intra- and extra-cellular toxin removal was observed which could be relevant to source water applications where optimal dosing is difficult to achieve.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pérez-Carrascal OM, Tromas N, Terrat Y, Moreno E, Giani A, Corrêa Braga Marques L, Fortin N, Shapiro BJ. Single-colony sequencing reveals microbe-by-microbiome phylosymbiosis between the cyanobacterium Microcystis and its associated bacteria. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:194. [PMID: 34579777 PMCID: PMC8477515 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria from the genus Microcystis can form large mucilaginous colonies with attached heterotrophic bacteria-their microbiome. However, the nature of the relationship between Microcystis and its microbiome remains unclear. Is it a long-term, evolutionarily stable association? Which partners benefit? Here we report the genomic diversity of 109 individual Microcystis colonies-including cyanobacteria and associated bacterial genomes-isolated in situ and without culture from Lake Champlain, Canada and Pampulha Reservoir, Brazil. RESULTS We identified 14 distinct Microcystis genotypes from Canada, of which only two have been previously reported, and four genotypes specific to Brazil. Microcystis genetic diversity was much greater between than within colonies, consistent with colony growth by clonal expansion rather than aggregation of Microcystis cells. We also identified 72 bacterial species in the microbiome. Each Microcystis genotype had a distinct microbiome composition, and more closely related genotypes had more similar microbiomes. This pattern of phylosymbiosis could be explained by co-phylogeny in only two out of the nine most prevalent associated bacterial genera, Roseomonas and Rhodobacter. These phylogenetically associated genera could enrich the metabolic repertoire of Microcystis, for example by encoding the biosynthesis of complementary carotenoid molecules. In contrast, other colony-associated bacteria showed weaker signals of co-phylogeny, but stronger evidence of horizontal gene transfer with Microcystis. These observations suggest that acquired genes are more likely to be retained in both partners (Microcystis and members of its microbiome) when they are loosely associated, whereas one gene copy is sufficient when the association is physically tight and evolutionarily long-lasting. CONCLUSIONS We have introduced a method for culture-free isolation of single colonies from nature followed by metagenomic sequencing, which could be applied to other types of microbes. Together, our results expand the known genetic diversity of both Microcystis and its microbiome in natural settings, and support their long-term, specific, and potentially beneficial associations. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Tromas
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Yves Terrat
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elisa Moreno
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alessandra Giani
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalie Fortin
- National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - B Jesse Shapiro
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université́ de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
- McGill Genome Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rahman-Enyart A, Yang W, Yaggie RE, White BA, Welge M, Auvil L, Berry M, Bushell C, Rosen JM, Rudick CN, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. Acyloxyacyl hydrolase is a host determinant of gut microbiome-mediated pelvic pain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R396-R412. [PMID: 34318715 PMCID: PMC8530758 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00106.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota is associated with many pathologies, yet host factors modulating microbiota remain unclear. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a debilitating condition of chronic pelvic pain often with comorbid urinary dysfunction and anxiety/depression, and recent studies find fecal dysbiosis in patients with IC/BPS. We identified the locus encoding acyloxyacyl hydrolase, Aoah, as a modulator of pelvic pain severity in a murine IC/BPS model. AOAH-deficient mice spontaneously develop rodent correlates of pelvic pain, increased responses to induced pelvic pain models, voiding dysfunction, and anxious/depressive behaviors. Here, we report that AOAH-deficient mice exhibit dysbiosis of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota. AOAH-deficient mice exhibit an enlarged cecum, a phenotype long associated with germ-free rodents, and a "leaky gut" phenotype. AOAH-deficient ceca showed altered gene expression consistent with inflammation, Wnt signaling, and urologic disease. 16S sequencing of stool revealed altered microbiota in AOAH-deficient mice, and GC-MS identified altered metabolomes. Cohousing AOAH-deficient mice with wild-type mice resulted in converged microbiota and altered predicted metagenomes. Cohousing also abrogated the pelvic pain phenotype of AOAH-deficient mice, which was corroborated by oral gavage of AOAH-deficient mice with stool slurry of wild-type mice. Converged microbiota also alleviated comorbid anxiety-like behavior in AOAH-deficient mice. Oral gavage of AOAH-deficient mice with anaerobes cultured from IC/BPS stool resulted in exacerbation of pelvic allodynia. Together, these data indicate that AOAH is a host determinant of normal gut microbiota, and dysbiosis associated with AOAH deficiency contributes to pelvic pain. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome is a potential therapeutic target for IC/BPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afrida Rahman-Enyart
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wenbin Yang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ryan E Yaggie
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bryan A White
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Michael Welge
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Loretta Auvil
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Matthew Berry
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Colleen Bushell
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - John M Rosen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Charles N Rudick
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Anthony J Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David J Klumpp
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu J, Hilborn ED, Schaeffer BA, Urquhart E, Coffer MM, Lin CJ, Egorov AI. Acute health effects associated with satellite-determined cyanobacterial blooms in a drinking water source in Massachusetts. Environ Health 2021; 20:83. [PMID: 34271918 PMCID: PMC8285816 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater presents a threat to human health. However, epidemiological studies on the association between cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water sources and human health outcomes are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate if cyanobacterial blooms were associated with increased emergency room visits for gastrointestinal (GI), respiratory and dermal illnesses. METHODS Satellite-derived cyanobacteria cell concentrations were estimated in the source of drinking water for the Greater Boston area, during 2008-2011. Daily counts of hospital emergency room visits for GI, respiratory and dermal illnesses among drinking water recipients were obtained from an administrative record database. A two-stage model was used to analyze time-series data for an association between cyanobacterial blooms and the occurrence of illnesses. At the first stage, predictive autoregressive generalized additive models for Poisson-distributed outcomes were fitted to daily illness count data and daily predictive variables. At the second stage, residuals from the first stage models were regressed against lagged categorized cyanobacteria concentration estimates. RESULTS The highest cyanobacteria concentration (above the 75th percentile) was associated with an additional 4.3 cases of respiratory illness (95% confidence interval: 0.7, 8.0, p = 0.02, n = 268) compared to cyanobacteria concentrations below the 50th percentile in a two-day lag. There were no significant associations between satellite derived cyanobacterial concentrations and lagged data on GI or dermal illnesses. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a significant positive association between satellite-derived cyanobacteria concentrations in source water and respiratory illness occurring 2 days later. Future studies will require direct measures of cyanotoxins and health effects associated with exposure to cyanobacteria-impacted drinking water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Wu
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education participant at US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711 USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Hilborn
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711 USA
| | - Blake A. Schaeffer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711 USA
| | - Erin Urquhart
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Megan M. Coffer
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education participant at US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711 USA
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Cynthia J. Lin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education participant at US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711 USA
- ICF International, Durham, NC 27713 USA
| | - Andrey I. Egorov
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lavery A, Backer L, Daniel J. Evaluation of Electronic Health Records to Monitor Illness From Harmful Algal Bloom Exposure in the United States. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2021; 839:8-14. [PMID: 36060209 PMCID: PMC9434719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are the rapid growth of algae that can produce toxic or harmful effects in people and animals. Potential health effects include respiratory illness, gastrointestinal illness, skin and eye irritation, and sometimes more severe toxic effects such as liver damage. Defining HAB exposure and related illness is challenging for many reasons, including characterizing the exposure. Large electronic health record databases present an opportunity to study health encounters specifically related to HAB exposure through querying medical diagnostic codes. We queried the MarketScan Research Databases between January 2009 and April 2019 for use of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for HAB exposure. We found a total of 558 records that used either the ICD-9 or ICD-10 code for HAB exposure. Respiratory illness was most commonly reported along with the HAB exposure code. Use of HAB exposure codes showed seasonal fluctuations during 2012-2019. We found that although the HAB-related ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used infrequently, they were most often recorded during bloom seasons in warmer months. This analysis is the first that utilizes a large-scale national database of de-identified health records to understand the use of medical diagnostic codes related to algae exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lavery
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Lorraine Backer
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Johnni Daniel
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bédard E, Trigui H, Liang J, Doberva M, Paranjape K, Lalancette C, Allegra S, Faucher SP, Prévost M. Local Adaptation of Legionella pneumophila within a Hospital Hot Water System Increases Tolerance to Copper. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e00242-21. [PMID: 33674435 PMCID: PMC8117758 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00242-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In large-building water systems, Legionella pneumophila is exposed to common environmental stressors such as copper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to copper of L. pneumophila isolates recovered from various sites: two clinical and seven environmental isolates from hot water system biofilm and water and from cooling tower water. After a 1-week acclimation in simulated drinking water, strains were exposed to various copper concentrations (0.8 to 5 mg/liter) for over 672 h. Complete loss of culturability was observed for three isolates following copper exposure to 5 mg/liter for 672 h. Two sequence type 1427 (ST1427)-like isolates were highly sensitive to copper, while the other two, isolated from biofilm samples, maintained higher culturability. The expression of the copper resistance gene copA evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was significantly higher for the biofilm isolates. All four ST1427-like isolates were recovered from the same water system during an outbreak. Whole-genome sequencing results confirmed that the four isolates are very close phylogenetically, differing by only 29 single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting in situ adaptation to microenvironmental conditions, possibly due to epigenetic regulation. These results indicate that the immediate environment within a building water distribution system influences the tolerance of L. pneumophila to copper. Increased contact of L. pneumophila biofilm strains with copper piping or copper alloys in the heat exchanger might lead to local adaptation. The phenotypic differences observed between water and biofilm isolates from the hot water system of a health care facility warrants further investigation to assess the relevance of evaluating disinfection performances based on water sampling alone.IMPORTANCELegionella pneumophila is a pathogen indigenous to natural and large building water systems in the bulk and the biofilm phases. The immediate environment within a system can impact the tolerance of L. pneumophila to environmental stressors, including copper. In health care facilities, copper levels in water can vary, depending on water quality, plumbing materials, and age. This study evaluated the impact of the isolation site (water versus biofilm, hot water system versus cooling tower) within building water systems. Closely related strains isolated from a health care facility hot water system exhibited variable tolerance to copper stress, shown by differential expression of copA, with biofilm isolates displaying highest expression and tolerance. Relying on the detection of L. pneumophila in water samples following exposure to environmental stressors such as copper may underestimate the prevalence of L. pneumophila, leading to inappropriate risk management strategies and increasing the risk of exposure for vulnerable patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Bédard
- Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hana Trigui
- Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Liang
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Margot Doberva
- Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kiran Paranjape
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Lalancette
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Séverine Allegra
- University of Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, UMR 5600 CNRS, EVS-ISTHME, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sebastien P Faucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Henri J, Lanceleur R, Delmas JM, Fessard V, Huguet A. Permeability of the Cyanotoxin Microcystin-RR across a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030178. [PMID: 33673481 PMCID: PMC7997155 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by several cyanobacterial species found worldwide. While MCs have a common structure, the variation of two amino acids in their structure affects their toxicity. As toxicodynamics are very similar between the MC variants, their differential toxicity could rather be explained by toxicokinetic parameters. Microcystin-RR (MC-RR) is the second most abundant congener and induces toxicity through oral exposure. As intestinal permeability is a key parameter of oral toxicokinetics, the apparent permeability of MC-RR across a differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer was investigated. We observed a rapid and large decrease of MC-RR levels in the donor compartment. However, irrespective of the loaded concentration and exposure time, the permeabilities were very low from apical to basolateral compartments (from 4 to 15 × 10−8 cm·s−1) and from basolateral to apical compartments (from 2 to 37 × 10−8 cm·s−1). Our results suggested that MC-RR would be poorly absorbed orally. As similar low permeability was reported for the most abundant congener microcystin-LR, and this variant presented a greater acute oral toxicity than MC-RR, we concluded that the intestinal permeability was probably not involved in the differential toxicity between them, in contrast to the hepatic uptake and metabolism.
Collapse
|
18
|
Barboza PA, Machado MN, Caldeira DDAF, Peixoto MS, Cruz LF, Takiya CM, Carvalho AR, de Abreu MB, Fortunato RS, Zin WA. Acute cylindrospermopsin exposure: Pulmonary and liver harm and mitigation by dexamethasone. Toxicon 2020; 191:18-24. [PMID: 33359390 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin of increasing worldwide environmental importance as it can harm human beings. Dexamethasone is a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the pulmonary outcomes of acute CYN intoxication and their putative mitigation by dexamethasone. Male BALB/c mice received intratracheally a single dose of saline or CYN (140 μg/kg). Eighteen hours after exposure, mice instilled with either saline solution (Ctrl) or CYN were intramuscularly treated with saline (Tox) or 2 mg/kg dexamethasone (Tox + dexa) every 6 h for 48 h. Pulmonary mechanics was evaluated 66 h after instillation using the forced oscillation technique (flexiVent) to determine airway resistance (RN), tissue viscance (G) and elastance (H). After euthanasia, the lungs were removed and separated for quantification of CYN, myeloperoxidase activity and IL-6 and IL-17 levels plus histological analysis. CYN was also measured in the liver. CYN increased G and H, alveolar collapse, PMN cells infiltration, elastic and collagen fibers, activated macrophages, peroxidase activity in lung and hepatic tissues, as well as IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the lung. Tox + Dexa mice presented total or partial reversion of the aforementioned alterations. Briefly, CYN impaired pulmonary and hepatic characteristics that were mitigated by dexamethasone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Apolinario Barboza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Nascimento Machado
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Milena Simões Peixoto
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Cruz
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alysson Roncally Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Boechat de Abreu
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
He X, Wang A, Wu P, Tang S, Zhang Y, Li L, Ding P. Photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LR by modified TiO 2 photocatalysis: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140694. [PMID: 32673915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), the most toxic and commonly encountered cyanotoxin, is produced by harmful cyanobacterial blooms and potentially threatens human and ecosystems health. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysis is attracting growing attention and has been considered as an efficient, environmentally friendly and promising solution to eliminate MC-LR in the aquatic ecosystems. Over recent decades, scientific efforts have been directed towards the understanding of fundamentals, modification strategies, and application potentials of TiO2 photocatalysis in degrading MC-LR. In this article, recent reports have been reviewed and progress has been summarized in the development of heterogeneous TiO2-based photocatalysts for MC-LR photodegradation under visible, UV, or solar light. The proposed photocatalytic principles of TiO2 and destruction of MC-LR have been thoroughly discussed. Specifically, some main modification methods for improving the drawbacks and performance of TiO2 nanoparticle were highlighted, including element doping, semiconductor coupling, immobilization, floatability amelioration and magnetic separation. Moreover, the performance evaluation metrics quantum yield (QY) and figure of merit (FOM) were used to compare different photocatalysts in MC-LR degradation. The best performance was seen in N-TiO2 with QY and FOM values of 2.20E-07 molecules/photon and 1.00E-11 mol·L/(g·J·h). N-TiO2 or N-TiO2-based materials may be excellent options for photocatalyst design in terms of MC-LR degradation. Finally, a summary of the remaining challenges and perspectives on new tendencies in this exciting frontier and still an emerging area of research were addressed accordingly. Overall, the present review will offer a deep insight for understanding the photodegradation of MC-LR with modified TiO2 to further inspire researchers that work in associated fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghou He
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Anzhi Wang
- University School of South China Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Pian Wu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Shibiao Tang
- Central South University School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ping Ding
- Central South University Xiangya School of Public Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Massey IY, Al osman M, Yang F. An overview on cyanobacterial blooms and toxins production: their occurrence and influencing factors. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1843060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Yaw Massey
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muwaffak Al osman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mellios NK, Moe SJ, Laspidou C. Using Bayesian hierarchical modelling to capture cyanobacteria dynamics in Northern European lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116356. [PMID: 32889364 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms in lakes and reservoirs currently threaten water security and affect the ecosystem services provided by these freshwater ecosystems, such as drinking water and recreational use. Climate change is expected to further exacerbate the situation in the future because of higher temperatures, extended droughts and nutrient enrichment, due to urbanisation and intensified agriculture. Nutrients are considered critical for the deterioration of water quality in lakes and reservoirs and responsible for the widespread increase in cyanobacterial blooms. We model the response of cyanobacteria abundance to variations in lake Total Phosphorus (TP) and Total Nitrogen (TN) concentrations, using a data set from 822 Northern European lakes. We divide lakes in ten groups based on their physico-chemical characteristics, following a modified lake typology defined for the Water Framework Directive (WFD). This classification is used in a Bayesian hierarchical linear model which employs a probabilistic approach, transforming uncertainty into probability thresholds. The hierarchical model is used to calculate probabilities of cyanobacterial concentrations exceeding risk levels for human health associated with the use of lakes for recreational activities, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Different TN and TP concentration combinations result in variable probabilities to exceed pre-set thresholds. Our objective is to support lake managers in estimating acceptable nutrient concentrations and allow them to identify actions that would achieve compliance of cyanobacterial abundance risk levels with a given confidence level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos K Mellios
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece.
| | - S Jannicke Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Chrysi Laspidou
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38334 Volos, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Labine MA, Shu E, Xue L, Mak G, Griffith J, Minuk GY. A lack of association between increases in gastrointestinal, liver, and urologic cancers and cyanobacterial contamination of fresh water lakes in Manitoba. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:35852-35858. [PMID: 32607998 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are becoming increasingly abundant in North American fresh water lakes. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria have been associated with gastrointestinal injury, liver failure, and nephrotoxicity. They have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal and liver cancers. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the incidence rates of gastrointestinal, liver, and urologic cancers are increasing in the province of Manitoba and, if so, whether these increases spatially and/or temporally correlate with areas where cyanobacterial contamination of fresh water lakes have been identified. Cancer incidence data were obtained from the Manitoba Cancer Registry. Cyanobacterial contamination data, as reflected by microcystin toxin concentrations, were available from the Manitoba Water Stewardship. ArcGIS mapping was employed to document spatial and temporal relationships between cancer incidence and cyanobacterial data. The results revealed that although the incidence rates for all three cancers have increased over the past 20-25 years, these increases were not disproportionally higher in zones with high microcystin toxin determinations. The results of this study argue against increased exposure to cyanotoxins as an explanation for the increase in gastrointestinal, liver and urologic cancers in Manitoba.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan A Labine
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Emma Shu
- Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lin Xue
- Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Giselle Mak
- Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jane Griffith
- Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gerald Y Minuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
- Section of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, John Buhler Research Centre, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rousso BZ, Bertone E, Stewart R, Hamilton DP. A systematic literature review of forecasting and predictive models for cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater lakes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:115959. [PMID: 32531494 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria harmful blooms (CyanoHABs) in lakes and reservoirs represent a major risk for water authorities globally due to their toxicity and economic impacts. Anticipating bloom occurrence and understanding the main drivers of CyanoHABs are needed to optimize water resources management. An extensive review of the application of CyanoHABs forecasting and predictive models was performed, and a summary of the current state of knowledge, limitations and research opportunities on this topic is provided through analysis of case studies. Two modelling approaches were used to achieve CyanoHABs anticipation; process-based (PB) and data-driven (DD) models. The objective of the model was a determining factor for the choice of modelling approach. PB models were more frequently used to predict future scenarios whereas DD models were employed for short-term forecasts. Each modelling approach presented multiple variations that may be applied for more specific, targeted purposes. Most models reviewed were site-specific. The monitoring methodologies, including data frequency, uncertainty and precision, were identified as a major limitation to improve model performance. A lack of standardization of both model output and performance metrics was observed. CyanoHAB modelling is an interdisciplinary topic and communication between disciplines should be improved to facilitate model comparisons. These shortcomings can hinder the adoption of modelling tools by practitioners. We suggest that water managers should focus on generalising models for lakes with similar characteristics and where possible use high frequency monitoring for model development and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benny Zuse Rousso
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Edoardo Bertone
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Rodney Stewart
- Griffith School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - David P Hamilton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Czyżewska W, Piontek M, Łuszczyńska K. The Occurrence of Potential Harmful Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River (Poland), a Source of Drinking Water. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E284. [PMID: 32354080 PMCID: PMC7290984 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacteria and their cyanotoxins may contaminate drinking water resources and their effective control remains challenging. The present study reports on cyanobacterial blooms and associated cyanotoxins in the Obrzyca River, a source of drinking water in Poland. The river was examined from July to October 2019 and concentrations of microcystins, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin were monitored. The toxicity of water samples was also tested using an ecotoxicological assay. All studied cyanotoxins were detected with microcystins revealing the highest levels. Maximal microcystin concentrations (3.97 μg/L) were determined in September at Uście point, exceeding the provisional guideline. Extracts from Uście point, where the dominant species were Dolichospermum flos-aquae (August), Microcystis aeruginosa (September), and Planktothrix agardhii (October), were toxic for Dugesia tigrina Girard. Microcystin concentrations (MC-LR and MC-RR) were positively correlated with cyanobacteria biovolume. Analysis of the chemical indicators of water quality has shown relationships between them and microcystins as well as cyanobacteria abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda Czyżewska
- Water and Sewage Laboratory, Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant in Zielona Góra, Zjednoczenia 110 A, 65-120 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Marlena Piontek
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Łuszczyńska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Health Risk of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Northern European Lakes. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are considered a major threat to global water security with documented impacts on lake ecosystems and public health. Given that cyanobacteria possess highly adaptive traits that favor them to prevail under different and often complicated stressor regimes, predicting their abundance is challenging. A dataset from 822 Northern European lakes is used to determine which variables better explain the variation of cyanobacteria biomass (CBB) by means of stepwise multiple linear regression. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and total nitrogen (TN) provided the best modelling structure for the entire dataset, while for subsets of shallow and deep lakes, Chl-a, mean depth, TN and TN/TP explained part of the variance in CBB. Path analysis was performed and corroborated these findings. Finally, CBB was translated to a categorical variable according to risk levels for human health associated with the use of lakes for recreational activities. Several machine learning methods, namely Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support-vector Machine and Random Forest, were applied showing a remarkable ability to predict the risk, while Random Forest parameters were tuned and optimized, achieving a 95.81% accuracy, exceeding the performance of all other machine learning methods tested. A confusion matrix analysis is performed for all machine learning methods, identifying the potential of each method to correctly predict CBB risk levels and assessing the extent of false alarms; random forest clearly outperforms the other methods with very promising results.
Collapse
|
26
|
Greillet C, Labadie M, Manel J, De Haro L. Étude des cas d’exposition aux cyanobactéries rapportés aux Centres antipoison entre le 01/01/2006 et le 31/12/2018. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
27
|
Roegner A, Truong L, Weirich C, Pírez-Schirmer M, Brena B, Miller TR, Tanguay R. Combined Danio rerio embryo morbidity, mortality and photomotor response assay: A tool for developmental risk assessment from chronic cyanoHAB exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134210. [PMID: 32380631 PMCID: PMC7111134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater harmful algal blooms produce a broad array of bioactive compounds, with variable polarity. Acute exposure to cyanotoxins can impact the liver, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and immune function. Increasing evidence suggests chronic effects from low-level exposures of cyanotoxins and other associated bioactive metabolites of cyanobacterial origin. These sundry compounds persist in drinking and recreational waters and challenge resource managers in detection and removal. A systematic approach to assess the developmental toxicity of cyanobacterial metabolite standards was employed utilizing a robust and high throughput developmental Danio rerio embryo platform that incorporated a neurobehavioral endpoint, photomotor response. Subsequently, we applied the platform to cyanobacterial bloom surface water samples taken from temperate recreational beaches and tropical lake subsistence drinking water sources as a model approach. Dechorionated Danio rerio embryos were statically immersed beginning at four to six hours post fertilization at environmentally relevant concentrations, and then assessed at 24 h and 5 days for morbidity, morphological changes, and photomotor response. At least one assessed endpoint deviated significantly for exposed embryos for 22 out of 25 metabolites examined. Notably, the alkaloid lyngbyatoxin-a resulted in profound, dose-dependent morbidity and mortality beginning at 5 μg/L. In addition, hydrophobic components of extracts from beach monitoring resulted in potent morbidity and mortality despite only trace cyanotoxins detected. The hydrophilic extracts with several order of magnitude higher concentrations of microcystins resulted in no morbidity or mortality. Developmental photomotor response was consistently altered in environmental bloom samples, independent of the presence or concentration of toxins detected in extracts. While limited with respect to more polar compounds, this novel screening approach complements specific fingerprinting of acutely toxic metabolites with robust assessment of developmental toxicity, critical for chronic exposure scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber Roegner
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, 28645 East Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Chelsea Weirich
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Macarena Pírez-Schirmer
- Departamento de Biociencias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, A. Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Brena
- Departamento de Biociencias, Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, A. Navarro 3051, 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Biociencias, Cátedra de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Todd R Miller
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Robert Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, 28645 East Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou Y, Sun T, Chen Z, Song X, Chen L, Zhang W. Development of a New Biocontainment Strategy in Model Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Strains. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2576-2584. [PMID: 31577416 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent synthetic biology efforts have raised biosafety concerns for possible release of engineered cyanobacteria into natural environments. To address the issues, we developed a controllable metal ion induced biocontainment system for two model cyanobacteria. First, six ion-inducible promoters were respectively evaluated in both Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and the fast-growing cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973, leading to the identification of an iron ion-repressed promoter PisiAB with low leakage and a reduction-fold of 5.4 and 7.9, respectively. Second, holin-endolysin and nuclease NucA systems were introduced, the inhibition rate of which against two Synechococcus strains varied from 61% to 86.4%. Third, two toxin/antitoxin modules were identified capable of inducing programmed suicide in both Synechococcus strains after induction. Furthermore, an escape experiment was conducted and the results showed that the system was able to achieve an escape frequency below the detection limit of 10-9 after 3 days' duration, demonstrating the strategy integrating iron ion-inducible promoter PisiAB and that toxin/antitoxin modules could be a useful tool for cyanobacterium biocontainment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhou
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | | | - Zixi Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | | | - Lei Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Taranu ZE, Pick FR, Creed IF, Zastepa A, Watson SB. Meteorological and Nutrient Conditions Influence Microcystin Congeners in Freshwaters. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E620. [PMID: 31717743 PMCID: PMC6891300 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11110620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms increasingly impair inland waters, with the potential for a concurrent increase in cyanotoxins that have been linked to animal and human mortalities. Microcystins (MCs) are among the most commonly detected cyanotoxins, but little is known about the distribution of different MC congeners despite large differences in their biomagnification, persistence, and toxicity. Using raw-water intake data from sites around the Great Lakes basin, we applied multivariate canonical analyses and regression tree analyses to identify how different congeners (MC-LA, -LR, -RR, and -YR) varied with changes in meteorological and nutrient conditions over time (10 years) and space (longitude range: 77°2'60 to 94°29'23 W). We found that MC-LR was associated with strong winds, warm temperatures, and nutrient-rich conditions, whereas the equally toxic yet less commonly studied MC-LA tended to dominate under intermediate winds, wetter, and nutrient-poor conditions. A global synthesis of lake data in the peer-reviewed literature showed that the composition of MC congeners differs among regions, with MC-LA more commonly reported in North America than Europe. Global patterns of MC congeners tended to vary with lake nutrient conditions and lake morphometry. Ultimately, knowledge of the environmental factors leading to the formation of different MC congeners in freshwaters is necessary to assess the duration and degree of toxin exposure under future global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia E. Taranu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada;
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montreal H2Y 2E7, QC, Canada
| | - Frances R. Pick
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, ON, Canada;
| | - Irena F. Creed
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, SK, Canada;
| | - Arthur Zastepa
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada;
| | - Sue B. Watson
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Omidi A, Esterhuizen-Londt M, Pflugmacher S. Desmodesmus subspicatus co-cultured with microcystin producing (PCC 7806) and the non-producing (PCC 7005) strains of Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:834-842. [PMID: 31352571 PMCID: PMC6732120 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02082-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although microcystins (MCs) are the most commonly studied cyanotoxins, their significance to the producing organisms remains unclear. MCs are known as endotoxins, but they can be found in the surrounding environment due to cell lysis, designated as extracellular MCs. In the present study, the interactions between MC producing and the non-producing strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, PCC 7806 and PCC 7005, respectively, and a green alga, Desmodesmus subspicatus, were studied to better understand the probable ecological importance of MCs at the collapse phase of cyanobacterial blooms. We applied a dialysis co-cultivation system where M. aeruginosa was grown inside dialysis tubing for one month. Then, D. subspicatus was added to the culture system on the outside of the membrane. Consequently, the growth of D. subspicatus and MC contents were measured over a 14-day co-exposure period. The results showed that Microcystis negatively affected the green alga as the growth of D. subspicatus was significantly inhibited in co-cultivation with both the MC-producing and -deficient strains. However, the inhibitory effect of the MC-producing strain was greater and observed earlier compared to the MC-deficient strain. Thus, MCs might be considered as an assistant factor that, in combination with other secondary metabolites of Microcystis, reinforce the ability to outcompete co-existing species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Omidi
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- University of Helsinki, Aquatic Ecotoxicology in an Urban Environment, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland.
- Korean Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Campus E7 1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability (HELSUS), Fabianinkatu 33, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sadhasivam G, Gelber C, Zakin V, Margel S, Shapiro OH. N-Halamine Derivatized Nanoparticles with Selective Cyanocidal Activity: Potential for Targeted Elimination of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:9160-9170. [PMID: 31328506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are becoming a major challenge for the management of both natural and man-made freshwater lakes and reservoirs. Phytoplankton communities are an essential component of aquatic ecosystems, providing the basis for natural food webs as well as important environmental services. HCBs, driven by a combination of environmental pollution and rising global temperatures, destabilize phytoplankton communities with major impacts on aquatic ecology and trophic interactions. Application of currently available algaecides generally results in unselective elimination of phytoplankton species, disrupting water ecology and environmental services provided by beneficial algae. There is thus a need for selective cyanocidal compounds that can eliminate cyanobacteria while preserving algal members of the phytoplankton community. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of N-halamine derivatized nanoparticles (Cl NPs) in selectively eliminating cyanobacteria, including the universal bloom-forming species Microcystis aeruginosa, while having minimal effect on co-occurring algal species. We further support these results with the use a simple microfluidic platform in combination with advanced live-imaging microscopy to study the effects of Cl NPs on both laboratory cultures and natural populations of cyanobacteria and algae at single cell resolutions. We note that the Cl NPs used in this work were made of polymethacrylamide, a nonbiodegradable polymer that may be unsuitable for use as a cyanocide in open aquatic environments. Nevertheless, the demonstrated selective action of these Cl NPs suggests a potential for developing alternative, biodegradable carriers with similar properties as future cyanocidal agents that will enable selective elimination of HCBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giji Sadhasivam
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 7528809 , Israel
| | - Chen Gelber
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900 , Israel
| | - Varda Zakin
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 7528809 , Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Department of Chemistry, The Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900 , Israel
| | - Orr H Shapiro
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences , Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center , Rishon LeZion 7528809 , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Svirčev Z, Lalić D, Bojadžija Savić G, Tokodi N, Drobac Backović D, Chen L, Meriluoto J, Codd GA. Global geographical and historical overview of cyanotoxin distribution and cyanobacterial poisonings. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2429-2481. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
33
|
Using Advanced Spectroscopy and Organic Matter Characterization to Evaluate the Impact of Oxidation on Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050278. [PMID: 31108999 PMCID: PMC6563301 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking water treatment plants throughout the world are increasingly facing the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in their source waters. During treatment, the oxidation of cyanobacteria changes cell morphology and can potentially lyse cells, releasing intracellular metabolites. In this study, a combination of techniques was applied to better understand the effect of oxidation with chlorine, ozone, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide on two cell cultures (Microcystis, Dolichospermum) in Lake Champlain water. The discrepancy observed between flow cytometry cell viability and cell count numbers was more pronounced for hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate than ozone and chlorine. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon and nitrogen detection was applied to monitor the changes in dissolved organic matter fractions following oxidation. Increases in the biopolymer fraction after oxidation with chlorine and ozone were attributed to the release of intracellular algal organic matter and/or fragmentation of the cell membrane. A novel technique, Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy with Hyperspectral Imaging, was applied to chlorinated and ozonated samples. Significant changes in the peak maxima and number of peaks were observed for the cell walls post-oxidation, but this effect was muted for the cell-bound material, which remained relatively unaltered.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kubickova B, Laboha P, Hildebrandt JP, Hilscherová K, Babica P. Effects of cylindrospermopsin on cultured immortalized human airway epithelial cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:620-628. [PMID: 30597370 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic eutrophication of freshwater bodies increases the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is detected in the environment with increasing frequency, driving the scientific effort to assess emerging health risks from CYN-producing blooms. Oral exposure to CYN results primarily in hepatotoxicity. Nevertheless, extrahepatic manifestations of CYN toxicity have been reported. Furthermore, cyanotoxins have been detected in aerosols and dust particles, suggesting potential toxic effects in the respiratory tract. To assess the susceptibility of airway epithelia towards cyanotoxins, monolayers of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells HBE1 and 16HBE14o- were exposed to a concentration range of 0.1-10 μM CYN. Cytotoxic endpoints were assessed as morphologic alterations, resazurin reduction capacity, esterase activity, neutral red uptake, and by impedimetric real-time cell analysis. Depending on the endpoint assessed, EC50 values ranged between 0.7 and 1.8 μM (HBE1) and 1.6-4.8 μM (16HBE14o-). To evaluate alterations of other cellular events by subcytotoxic concentration of CYN (1 μM), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK and p38 was determined. Only a slight increase in p38 phosphorylation was induced by CYN in HBE1 cell line after 48 h, while activities of both ERK1/2 and p38 gradually and significantly increased in 16HBE14o- cells during 8-48 h exposure. This study suggests possible hazards of inhalation CYN exposures, which may severely impact the integrity of airway epithelia and epithelial cell signaling. Further research of CYN-induced toxicity and underlying mechanisms is needed, as well as more data on environmental concentrations of cyanotoxins in aerosols for exposure assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kubickova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Laboha
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 1, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Klara Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Babica
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Vermaire JC, Taranu ZE, MacDonald GK, Velghe K, Bennett EM, Gregory-Eaves I. Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Regimes Shifts in Shallow Lakes: Long-Term Response of Cyanobacterial Blooms to Historical Catchment Phosphorus Loading and Climate Warming. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
36
|
Torbick N, Ziniti B, Stommel E, Linder E, Andrew A, Caller T, Haney J, Bradley W, Henegan PL, Shi X. Assessing Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms as Risk Factors for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:199-212. [PMID: 28470570 PMCID: PMC5727154 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reoccurring seasonal cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) persist in many waters, and recent work has shown links between CHAB and elevated risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Quantifying the exposure levels of CHAB as a potential risk factor for ALS is complicated by human mobility, potential pathways, and data availability. In this work, we develop phycocyanin concentration (i.e., CHAB exposure) maps using satellite remote sensing across northern New England to assess relationships with ALS cases using a spatial epidemiological approach. Strategic semi-analytical regression models integrated Landsat and in situ observations to map phycocyanin concentration (PC) for all lakes greater than 8 ha (n = 4117) across the region. Then, systematic versions of a Bayesian Poisson Log-linear model were fit to assess the mapped PC as a risk factor for ALS while accounting for model uncertainty and modifiable area unit problems. The satellite remote sensing of PC had strong overall ability to map conditions (adj. R2, 0.86; RMSE, 11.92) and spatial variability across the region. PC tended to be positively associated with ALS risk with the level of significance depending on fixed model components. Meta-analysis shows that when average PC exposure is 100 μg/L, an all model average odds ratio is 1.48, meaning there is about a 48% increase in average ALS risk. This research generated the first regionally comprehensive map of PC for thousands of lakes and integrated robust spatial uncertainty. The outcomes support the hypothesis that cyanotoxins increase the risk of ALS, which helps our understanding of the etiology of ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Torbick
- Applied Geosolutions, 55 Main St, Suite 125, Newmarket, NH, 03857, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Beth Ziniti
- Applied Geosolutions, 55 Main St, Suite 125, Newmarket, NH, 03857, USA
| | - Elijah Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Ernst Linder
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | - Tracie Caller
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Jim Haney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Walter Bradley
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Xun Shi
- Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Clark JM, Schaeffer BA, Darling JA, Urquhart EA, Johnston JM, Ignatius A, Myer MH, Loftin KA, Werdell PJ, Stumpf RP. Satellite monitoring of cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom frequency in recreational waters and drinking source waters. ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS 2017; 80:84-95. [PMID: 30245589 PMCID: PMC6145495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHAB) cause extensive problems in lakes worldwide, including human and ecological health risks, anoxia and fish kills, and taste and odor problems. CyanoHABs are a particular concern in both recreational waters and drinking source waters because of their dense biomass and the risk of exposure to toxins. Successful cyanoHAB assessment using satellites may provide an indicator for human and ecological health protection, In this study, methods were developed to assess the utility of satellite technology for detecting cyanoHAB frequency of occurrence at locations of potential management interest. The European Space Agency's MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) was evaluated to prepare for the equivalent series of Sentine1-3 Ocean and Land Colour Imagers (OLCI) launched in 2016 as part of the Copernicus program. Based on the 2012 National Lakes Assessment site evaluation guidelines and National Hydrography Dataset, the continental United States contains 275,897 lakes and reservoirs >1 hectare in area. Results from this study show that 5.6 % of waterbodies were resolvable by satellites with 300 m single-pixel resolution and 0.7 % of waterbodies were resolvable when a three by three pixel (3×3-pixel) array was applied based on minimum Euclidian distance from shore. Satellite data were spatially joined to U.S. public water surface intake (PWSI) locations, where single-pixel resolution resolved 57% of the PWSI locations and a 3×3-pixel array resolved 33% of the PWSI locations. Recreational and drinking water sources in Florida and Ohio were ranked from 2008 through 2011 by cyanoHAB frequency above the World Health Organization's (WHO) high threshold for risk of 100,000 cells mL-1. The ranking identified waterbodies with values above the WHO high threshold, where Lake Apopka, FL (99.1 %) and Grand Lake St. Marys, OH (83 %) had the highest observed bloom frequencies per region. The method presented here may indicate locations with high exposure to cyanoHABs and therefore can be used to assist in prioritizing management resources and actions for recreational and drinking water sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Clark
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - Blake A Schaeffer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - John A Darling
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - Erin A Urquhart
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - John M Johnston
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - Amber Ignatius
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - Mark H Myer
- ORISE Fellow, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory
| | - Keith A Loftin
- United States Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - P Jeremy Werdell
- Ocean Ecology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Richard P Stumpf
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Manus MB, Yu JJ, Park LP, Mueller O, Windsor SC, Horvath JE, Nunn CL. Environmental influences on the skin microbiome of humans and cattle in rural Madagascar. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 2017:144-153. [PMID: 29147568 PMCID: PMC5631097 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eox013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives The skin harbors a dynamic community of microorganisms, where contact with humans, other animals and the environment can alter microbial communities. Most research on the human skin microbiome features Western populations living in hygienic conditions, yet these populations have vastly different patterns of environmental contact than the majority of people on Earth, including those living in developing countries. Methodology We studied skin microbial communities of humans and cattle (zebu) in rural Madagascar to investigate how zebu ownership affects microbial composition of the human skin, and to characterize non-Western human and zebu skin communities more generally. A portion of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from samples of zebu backs and human ankles, forearms, hands and armpits. Analyses were conducted in QIIME, R and LEfSe. Results Human and zebu samples varied in microbial community composition, yet we did not find evidence for a shared microbial signature between an individual and his zebu. Microbial communities differed across human body sites, with ankles reflecting increased diversity and greater similarity to samples from zebu, likely due to extensive shared contact with soil by humans and zebu. Conclusions and implications Cattle ownership had, at best, weak effects on the human skin microbiome. We suggest that components of human biology and lifestyles override the microbial signature of close contact with zebu, including genetic factors and human–human interaction, irrespective of zebu ownership. Understanding ecological drivers of microbial communities will help determine ways that microbial transfer and community composition change as populations adopt Western lifestyles, and could provide insights into zoonotic disease transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa B Manus
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James J Yu
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence P Park
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Julie E Horvath
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles L Nunn
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Omidi A, Esterhuizen-Londt M, Pflugmacher S. Still challenging: the ecological function of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin – What we know so far. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1326059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Omidi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany and
| | - Maranda Esterhuizen-Londt
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany and
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Institute of Biotechnology, Chair Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany and
- Joint laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST), Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jiang X, Lee S, Mok C, Lee J. Sustainable Methods for Decontamination of Microcystin in Water Using Cold Plasma and UV with Reusable TiO₂ Nanoparticle Coating. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14050480. [PMID: 28475156 PMCID: PMC5451931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a family of cyanotoxins and pose detrimental effects on human, animal, and ecological health. Conventional water treatment processes have limited success in removing MCs without producing harmful byproducts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cost-effective and environmentally-friendly methods for treating MCs. The objective of this study was to develop sustainable and non-chemical-based methods for controlling MCs, such as using cold plasma and ultra violet (UV) light with titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating, which can be applied for diverse scale and settings. MCs, extracted from Microcystis aeruginosa, were treated with cold plasma or UV at irradiance of 1470 μW/cm2 (high) or 180 μW/cm2 (low). To assess synergistic effects, the outside of the UV treatment chamber was coated with nanoparticles (TiO2) prior to irradiation, which can be reused for a long time. The degradation efficiency of UV was enhanced by the reusable TiO2 coating at lower irradiance (70.41% [UV] vs. 79.61% [UV+TiO2], 120 min), but no significant difference was observed at higher irradiance. Cold plasma removed MCs rapidly under experimental conditions (92%, 120 min), indicating that it is a promising candidate for controlling MCs in water without generating harmful disinfection byproducts. It can be also easily and practically used in household settings during emergency situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Chulkyoon Mok
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13557, Korea.
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13557, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Güyer GT, Kabashi F. WITHDRAWN: Removal of microcystins in water by ultrasound coupled advanced oxidation techniques. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017:S1350-4177(17)30213-4. [PMID: 28709850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fjolle Kabashi
- Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Döppersberg 19, 42103 Wuppertal, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Puschner B, Bautista AC, Wong C. Debromoaplysiatoxin as the Causative Agent of Dermatitis in a Dog after Exposure to Freshwater in California. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:50. [PMID: 28428958 PMCID: PMC5382154 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of recreational waters with cyanobacterial toxins continues to increase and presents a risk to animals and humans. Although cases of acute hepato- and neurotoxicoses in dogs following cyanotoxin exposure exist, no reports of skin-related reactions in dogs exist. A 5-year-old female spayed 34 kg Bracco Italiano was initially presented for rapid onset of severe pruritus and urticaria. Marked excoriation and erythema were noted over the chest and neck, while urticaria was noted in the inguinal regions and ventral abdomen. Initial basic dermatology work-up excluded parasitic, fungal, and bacterial organisms. Due to the severity and progression of urticaria, the dog received IV dexamethasone and IM diphenhydramine. Improvement of the urticaria and the dog’s clinical status was noted over the next 45 min. Assessment of the dog’s environment revealed access to a lake on the property with visible algal bloom. Water from the lake was submitted for toxicology testing and revealed the presence of debromoaplysiatoxin. Access to the lake was discontinued and follow-up evaluation over the next few weeks revealed a complete resolution of the skin irritation. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report of debromoaplysiatoxin exposure in a dog after swimming in cyanobacteria-contaminated water. Veterinarians should recognize the potential harm that contaminated waters may cause in terms of dermal, hepatic, and neurological conditions. In addition, more prudent oversight of contaminated recreational waters is recommended for animals and humans to prevent adverse events and intoxications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Adrienne C Bautista
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chris Wong
- VCA Sacramento Veterinary Referral Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rodriguez I, Fraga M, Alfonso A, Guillebault D, Medlin L, Baudart J, Jacob P, Helmi K, Meyer T, Breitenbach U, Holden NM, Boots B, Spurio R, Cimarelli L, Mancini L, Marcheggiani S, Albay M, Akcaalan R, Köker L, Botana LM. Monitoring of freshwater toxins in European environmental waters by using novel multi-detection methods. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:645-654. [PMID: 27505279 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the quality of freshwater is an important issue for public health. In the context of the European project μAqua, 150 samples were collected from several waters in France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Turkey for 2 yr. These samples were analyzed using 2 multitoxin detection methods previously developed: a microsphere-based method coupled to flow-cytometry, and an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. The presence of microcystins, nodularin, domoic acid, cylindrospermopsin, and several analogues of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) was monitored. No traces of cylindrospermopsin or domoic acid were found in any of the environmental samples. Microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR were detected in 2 samples from Turkey and Germany. In the case of ATX-a derivatives, 75% of samples contained mainly H2 -ATX-a and small amounts of H2 -homoanatoxin-a, whereas ATX-a and homoanatoxin-a were found in only 1 sample. These results confirm the presence and wide distribution of dihydro derivatives of ATX-a toxins in European freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:645-654. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Maria Fraga
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Linda Medlin
- Microbia Environnement, Observatoire Océanologique, France
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Julia Baudart
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, Centre National de la Recherché Scientifique, Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Jacob
- Centre de Recherche de Saint Maurice, Veolia Recherche et Innovation Immeuble le Dufy, St. Maurice, France
| | - Karim Helmi
- Centre de Recherche de Saint Maurice, Veolia Recherche et Innovation Immeuble le Dufy, St. Maurice, France
| | - Thomas Meyer
- MariLim Aquatic Research, Schoenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Nicholas M Holden
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bas Boots
- School of Biosystems Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roberto Spurio
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Lucia Cimarelli
- Laboratory of Genetics, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Mancini
- Environmental, Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Environment & Primary Prevention Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Marcheggiani
- Environmental, Quality and Fishfarm Unit, Environment & Primary Prevention Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Meric Albay
- Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Latife Köker
- Fisheries Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Luis M Botana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, Stefanelli M, Scardala S, Testai E, Funari E. Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:1049-1130. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Zamyadi A, Choo F, Newcombe G, Stuetz R, Henderson RK. A review of monitoring technologies for real-time management of cyanobacteria: Recent advances and future direction. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
47
|
Maghsoudi E, Fortin N, Greer C, Maynard C, Pagé A, Duy SV, Sauvé S, Prévost M, Dorner S. Cyanotoxin degradation activity and mlr gene expression profiles of a Sphingopyxis sp. isolated from Lake Champlain, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1417-1426. [PMID: 27711837 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00001k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium capable of degrading five microcystin (MC) variants, microcystin-LR, YR, LY, LW and LF at an initial total concentration of 50 μg l-1 in less than 16 hours was isolated from Missisquoi Bay, in the south of Quebec, Canada. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the bacterium as Sphingopyxis sp., designated strain MB-E. It was shown that microcystin biodegradation activity was reduced at acidic and basic pH values. Even though no biodegradation occurred at pH values of 5.05 and 10.23, strain MB-E was able to degrade MCLR and MCYR at pH 9.12 and all five MCs variants tested at pH 6.1. Genomic sequencing revealed that strain MB-E contained the microcystin degrading gene cluster, including the mlrA, mlrB, mlrC and mlrD genes, and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that all of these genes were induced during the degradation of MCLR alone or in the mixture of all five MCs. This novel transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of the mlr gene cluster was similar for MCLR alone, or the mixture of MCs, and appeared to be related to the total concentration of substrate. The results suggested that the bacterium used the same pathway for the degradation of all MC variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Maghsoudi
- Polytechnique Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7.
| | - Nathalie Fortin
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Charles Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, QC, Canada H4P 2R2
| | - Christine Maynard
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Pagé
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montreal, C.P. 6128, Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Polytechnique Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7.
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Polytechnique Montreal, Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering Department, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3A7.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Exposure to cyanobacteria: acute health effects associated with endotoxins. Public Health 2016; 134:98-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
49
|
Wood R. Acute animal and human poisonings from cyanotoxin exposure - A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 91:276-82. [PMID: 26995270 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a potential health hazard due to the ability of some species to produce toxins that are harmful to other living organisms. This review provides a comprehensive summary of anecdotal and case reports on acute poisonings in animals and humans attributable to cyanotoxin exposure in fresh- and brackish-waters. Approximately two-thirds of reported poisonings have occurred in Europe and the United States. Dogs and livestock account for the majority of reported cases involving animal exposure to cyanotoxins, while recreational activities are responsible for approximately half of reported incidents involving human exposure. Due to data limitations it is difficult to estimate the total number of animals and humans affected by cyanotoxins, however, some general observations regarding frequency and numbers affected are made. The review demonstrates that cyanotoxins have, and will likely to continue to have, potentially serious consequences for public health and animal welfare worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn Wood
- School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, The University of Western Australia, M089, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lin CJ, Wade TJ, Sams EA, Dufour AP, Chapman AD, Hilborn ED. A Prospective Study of Marine Phytoplankton and Reported Illness Among Recreational Beachgoers in Puerto Rico, 2009. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:477-83. [PMID: 26383636 PMCID: PMC4829982 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blooms of marine phytoplankton may adversely affect human health. The potential public health impact of low-level exposures is not well established, and few prospective cohort studies of recreational exposures to marine phytoplankton have been conducted. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between phytoplankton cell counts and subsequent illness among recreational beachgoers. METHODS We recruited beachgoers at Boquerón Beach, Puerto Rico, during the summer of 2009. We conducted interviews at three time points to assess baseline health, water activities, and subsequent illness. Daily water samples were quantitatively assayed for phytoplankton cell count. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to assess the association between exposure to three categories of phytoplankton concentration and subsequent illness. RESULTS During 26 study days, 15,726 individuals successfully completed all three interviews. Daily total phytoplankton cell counts ranged from 346 to 2,012 cells/mL (median, 712 cells/mL). The category with the highest (≥ 75th percentile) total phytoplankton cell count was associated with eye irritation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 1.66], rash (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.57), and earache (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.77). In phytoplankton group-specific analyses, the category with the highest Cyanobacteria counts was associated with respiratory illness (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.67), rash (OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.66), eye irritation (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.62), and earache (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.93). CONCLUSIONS We found associations between recreational exposure to marine phytoplankton and reports of eye irritation, respiratory illness, and rash. We also found that associations varied by phytoplankton group, with Cyanobacteria having the strongest and most consistent associations. CITATION Lin CJ, Wade TJ, Sams EA, Dufour AP, Chapman AD, Hilborn ED. 2016. A prospective study of marine phytoplankton and reported illness among recreational beachgoers in Puerto Rico, 2009. Environ Health Perspect 124:477-483; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409558.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J. Lin
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participation Program at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy J. Wade
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Sams
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alfred P. Dufour
- Microbial Chemical Environmental Assessment Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth D. Hilborn
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to E.D. Hilborn, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., Mail Code: 58A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA. Telephone: (919) 966-0658.
| |
Collapse
|