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Yu Y, Wang Z, Yao B, Zhou Y. Occurrence, bioaccumulation, fate, and risk assessment of emerging pollutants in aquatic environments: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171388. [PMID: 38432380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Significant concerns on a global scale have been raised in response to the potential adverse impacts of emerging pollutants (EPs) on aquatic creatures. We have carefully reviewed relevant research over the past 10 years. The study focuses on five typical EPs: pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and microplastics (MPs). The presence of EPs in the global aquatic environment is source-dependent, with wastewater treatment plants being the main source of EPs. Multiple studies have consistently shown that the final destination of most EPs in the water environment is sludge and sediment. Simultaneously, a number of EPs, such as PFASs, MPs, and BFRs, have long-term environmental transport potential. Some EPs exhibit notable tendencies towards bioaccumulation and biomagnification, while others pose challenges in terms of their degradation within both biological and abiotic treatment processes. The results showed that, in most cases, the ecological risk of EPs in aquatic environments was low, possibly due to potential dilution and degradation. Future research topics should include adding EPs detection items for the aquatic environment, combining pollution, and updating prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuange Yu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay/Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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2
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Narayanan M, Ma Y, Al Obaid S, Alfarraj S, Duc PA, Karuppusamy I. Eichhornia crassipes biochar aided pollutants sorption competence of multi-metal tolerant fungi species on South Pennar river. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116152. [PMID: 37224949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies about the use of efficient techniques to treat contaminated water bodies has increased in recent years. The use of bioremediation method for the reduction of contaminants from aqueous system is receiving a lot of attention. Thus, this study was designed to assess the Eichhornia crassipes biochar amended pollutants sorption competence of multi-metal tolerant Aspergillus flavus on South Pennar River. The physicochemical characteristics declared that the, half of the parameters (turbidity, TDS, BOD, COD, Ca, Mg, Fe, free NH3, Cl-, and F-) of South Pennar River were beyond the permissible limits. Furthermore, the lab-scale bioremediation investigation with different treatment groups (group I, II, and III) revealed that the group III (E. crassipes biochar and A. flavus mycelial biomass) showed considerable remediation efficiency on South Pennar River water in 10 days of treatment. The metals adsorbed on the surface of E. crassipes biochar and A. flavus mycelial biomass was also affirmed by SEM analysis. Hence such findings, E. crassipes biochar amended A. flavus mycelial biomass could be a sustainable method of remediating contaminated South Pennar River water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Sami Al Obaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pham Anh Duc
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Indira Karuppusamy
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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3
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Cooper RJ, Hiscock KM. Two decades of the EU Water Framework Directive: Evidence of success and failure from a lowland arable catchment (River Wensum, UK). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 869:161837. [PMID: 36709887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is widely regarded as a seminal piece of environmental legislation. However, two decades since its inception, many European waterbodies are failing to meet its ambitious goal to ensure 'good' quantitative and qualitative status. Here, we investigate the impact of the WFD upon the environmentally sensitive yet heavily impacted River Wensum, a lowland arable catchment in eastern England. Compiling a dataset of 10,950 water quality samples collected from 57 sites across the catchment at approximately monthly intervals during 2000-2022, we assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of 12 priority pollutants, identify the major drivers of water quality change, and evaluate current and future compliance with WFD goals. Our analysis reveals improvements in wastewater treatment initiated significant declines (11-50 %) in the concentration of key sewage pollution indicators (phosphorus, ammonium, biological oxygen demand (BOD)) during the early 2000s. Conversely, agricultural pollution indicators (nitrogen, suspended solids, pesticides) displayed either limited change or a deterioration in water quality, with oxidised nitrogen concentrations in particular having increased 23 % during 2015-2022. Concentration spikes of organic chemical contaminants in recent years (propyzamide, tetrachloroethylene) raise concerns about increased riverine pollution from hazardous substances. Similarly, changes in winter (+13 %) and summer (-7 %) discharge over the past two decades have increased the risk of diffuse pollution mobilisation and reduced the dilution of point source pollutants, respectively. By 2022, 'good' or 'high' water quality status for organic matter pollution indicators (dissolved oxygen, BOD, ammonium) was achieved for >98 % of samples, however WFD compliance fell to just 46 % for phosphorus and 1.8 % for nitrogen. Projections to the end of the third River Basin Management Plan cycle (2027) reveal that whilst phosphorus compliance is likely to improve, nitrogen compliance failure will persist due to the existence of catchment legacy stores and climate change induced impacts on nitrogen mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Cooper
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Kevin M Hiscock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Sarkis N, Geffard O, Souchon Y, Chandesris A, Ferréol M, Valette L, François A, Piffady J, Chaumot A, Villeneuve B. Identifying the impact of toxicity on stream macroinvertebrate communities in a multi-stressor context based on national ecological and ecotoxicological monitoring databases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160179. [PMID: 36395849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In situ bioassays are used to measure the harmful effects induced by mixtures of toxic chemicals in watercourses. In France, national-scale biomonitoring data are available including invertebrate surveys and in-field chemical toxicity measures with caged gammarids to assess environmental toxicity of mixtures of chemicals. The main objective of our study is to present a proof-of-concept approach identifying possible links between in-field chemical toxicity, stressors and the ecological status. We used two active biomonitoring databases comprising lethal toxicity (222 in situ measures of gammarid mortality) and sublethal toxicity (101 in situ measures of feeding inhibition). We measured the ecological status of each active biomonitoring site using the I2M2 metric (macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index), accounted for known stressors of nutrients and organic matter, hydromorphology and chemical toxicity. We observed a negative relationship between stressors (hydromorphology, nutrients and organic matter, and chemical toxicity) and the good ecological status. This relationship was aggravated in watercourses where toxicity indicators were degraded. We validated this hypothesis for instance with nutrients and organic matter like nitrates or hydromorphological conditions like percentage of vegetation on banks. Future international assesments concerning the role of in-field toxic pollution on the ecological status in a multi-stressor context are now possible via the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Sarkis
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Souchon
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | - Adeline François
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérémy Piffady
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
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Huang P, Wang Y, Liu SS, Wang ZJ, Xu YQ. SAHmap: Synergistic-antagonistic heatmap to evaluate the combined synergistic effect of mixtures of three pesticides on multiple endpoints of Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120378. [PMID: 36220575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollution caused by toxic chemicals such as pesticides has become a global problem. The mixture of dichlorvos (DIC), dimethoate (DIM), aldicarb (ALD) poses potential risks to the environment and human health. To fully explore the interaction of complex mixtures on Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral toxicity endpoint. This study created a synergistic-antagonistic heatmap (SAHmap) based on the combination index to systematically describe the toxicological interaction prospect of the mixture system. It was shown that the three pesticides and their binary as well as ternary mixture rays have significant concentration-response relationship on three behavioral endpoints of nematodes, From the perspective of synergistic-antagonistic heatmaps, all the mixture rays in the DIC-DIM mixture system showed strong synergism on the three behavioral and lethal endpoints. In the ternary mixture system, the five mixture rays showed different interaction between the behavioral endpoint and the lethal endpoint, and showed slight synergism to two behavioral endpoints as a whole. The emergence of synergism should arouse our attention to these hazardous chemicals. In addition, the use of SAHmap and the significant linear correlation among three behavioral endpoints further improved the efficiency of the study on the behavioral toxicity of pesticide mixtures to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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6
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Mohammed Taha H, Aalizadeh R, Alygizakis N, Antignac JP, Arp HPH, Bade R, Baker N, Belova L, Bijlsma L, Bolton EE, Brack W, Celma A, Chen WL, Cheng T, Chirsir P, Čirka Ľ, D’Agostino LA, Djoumbou Feunang Y, Dulio V, Fischer S, Gago-Ferrero P, Galani A, Geueke B, Głowacka N, Glüge J, Groh K, Grosse S, Haglund P, Hakkinen PJ, Hale SE, Hernandez F, Janssen EML, Jonkers T, Kiefer K, Kirchner M, Koschorreck J, Krauss M, Krier J, Lamoree MH, Letzel M, Letzel T, Li Q, Little J, Liu Y, Lunderberg DM, Martin JW, McEachran AD, McLean JA, Meier C, Meijer J, Menger F, Merino C, Muncke J, Muschket M, Neumann M, Neveu V, Ng K, Oberacher H, O’Brien J, Oswald P, Oswaldova M, Picache JA, Postigo C, Ramirez N, Reemtsma T, Renaud J, Rostkowski P, Rüdel H, Salek RM, Samanipour S, Scheringer M, Schliebner I, Schulz W, Schulze T, Sengl M, Shoemaker BA, Sims K, Singer H, Singh RR, Sumarah M, Thiessen PA, Thomas KV, Torres S, Trier X, van Wezel AP, Vermeulen RCH, Vlaanderen JJ, von der Ohe PC, Wang Z, Williams AJ, Willighagen EL, Wishart DS, Zhang J, Thomaidis NS, Hollender J, Slobodnik J, Schymanski EL. The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE): facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2022; 34:104. [PMID: 36284750 PMCID: PMC9587084 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-022-00680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background The NORMAN Association (https://www.norman-network.com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for "suspect screening" lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide. Results The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https://zenodo.org/communities/norman-sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the US EPA's CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/classification/#hid=101). Conclusions The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the "one substance, one assessment" approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https://www.norman-network.com/nds/SLE/). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00680-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Mohammed Taha
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Reza Aalizadeh
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikiforos Alygizakis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Hans Peter H. Arp
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Ullevål Stadion, P.O. Box 3930, 0806 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard Bade
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | | | - Lidia Belova
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Evan E. Bolton
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Alberto Celma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wen-Ling Chen
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, 17 Xuzhou Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tiejun Cheng
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Parviel Chirsir
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ľuboš Čirka
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Institute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU), Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lisa A. D’Agostino
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Valeria Dulio
- INERIS, National Institute for Environment and Industrial Risks, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Stellan Fischer
- Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI), P.O. Box 2, 172 13 Sundbyberg, Sweden
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Severo Ochoa Excellence Center (IDAEA), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aikaterini Galani
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Staffelstrasse 10, 8045 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Głowacka
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Juliane Glüge
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia Groh
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Grosse
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstrasse 4, 82110 Germering, Germany
| | - Peter Haglund
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biological Centre (KBC), Umeå University, Linnaeus Väg 6, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pertti J. Hakkinen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Sarah E. Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Ullevål Stadion, P.O. Box 3930, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Felix Hernandez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Elisabeth M.-L. Janssen
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tim Jonkers
- Department Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Kiefer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michal Kirchner
- Water Research Institute (WRI), Nábr. Arm. Gen. L. Svobodu 5, 81249 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessy Krier
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Marja H. Lamoree
- Department Environment and Health, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Letzel
- Bavarian Environment Agency, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Analytisches Forschungsinstitut Für Non-Target Screening GmbH (AFIN-TS), Am Mittleren Moos 48, 86167 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Qingliang Li
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - James Little
- Mass Spec Interpretation Services, 3612 Hemlock Park Drive, Kingsport, TN 37663 USA
| | - Yanna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SKLECE, RCEES, CAS), No. 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100086 China
| | - David M. Lunderberg
- Hope College, Holland, MI 49422 USA
- University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Jonathan W. Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew D. McEachran
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Christiane Meier
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Jeroen Meijer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Menger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carla Merino
- University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain
| | - Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Staffelstrasse 10, 8045 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Neumann
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neveu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Kelsey Ng
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Herbert Oberacher
- Institute of Legal Medicine and Core Facility Metabolomics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jake O’Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Peter Oswald
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Oswaldova
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 972 41 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaqueline A. Picache
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
- Technologies for Water Management and Treatment Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Noelia Ramirez
- University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Institute of Health Research Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Justin Renaud
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
| | | | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Reza M. Salek
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Saer Samanipour
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, Amsterdam, 1090 GD The Netherlands
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Schliebner
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schulz
- Laboratory for Operation Control and Research, Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung, Am Spitzigen Berg 1, 89129 Langenau, Germany
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Sengl
- Bavarian Environment Agency, 86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin A. Shoemaker
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Kerry Sims
- Environment Agency, Horizon House, Deanery Road, Bristol, BS1 5AH UK
| | - Heinz Singer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Randolph R. Singh
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems (CCEM) Unit, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Rue de l’Ile d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Cedex 3, Nantes France
| | - Mark Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3 Canada
| | - Paul A. Thiessen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Kevin V. Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102 Australia
| | | | - Xenia Trier
- Section for Environmental Chemistry and Physics, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie P. van Wezel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel C. H. Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J. Vlaanderen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zhanyun Wang
- Technology and Society Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Antony J. Williams
- Computational Chemistry and Cheminformatics Branch (CCCB), Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division (CCED), Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure (CCTE), United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 USA
| | - Egon L. Willighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jian Zhang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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7
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Hashimoto S, Takazawa Y, Ieda T, Omagari R, Nakajima D, Nakamura S, Suzuki N. Application of rapid air sampling and non-targeted analysis using thermal desorption comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to accidental fire. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135021. [PMID: 35598787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To be able to gauge the health risks and biological effects of e-waste fires, it is of key importance to know what types and amounts of chemicals are released when they occur. In this case study, we pumped 6-24 L of air from an accidental fire at a recycling depot through a Tenax-TA tube and conducted comprehensive (non-targeted) analysis by thermal desorption/comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD/GC × GC/ToFMS). A special focus was placed on the search for halogenated compounds. More than 5000 components were detected in the atmosphere around the fire; however, component separation was insufficient, even when using GC × GC. The number of organohalogen compounds retrieved was increased about 1.8-fold by the refinement process of the exact mass spectrum using mass defect filtering (MDF) software. After processed by MDF, 386 peaks were concluded to be halogenated compounds. The major retrieved substances included chlorinated (or chlorinated-brominated) dioxins, chlorinated (or brominated) phenols, benzene, and various other halogenated aromatic compounds. Direct comparison of mass spectra was carried out to investigate the potential for qualitative and quantitative comparison of detected peaks without specific identification. The approximate quantitative values are summarized for each compound in the estimated substance group. Their ratios were estimated to be halogenated phenols: 13%, benzenes: 9.6%, dibenzo-p-dioxins: 9.6%, dibenzofurans: 8.4%, biphenyls; 7.4% and toluenes: 6.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teruyo Ieda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | - Ryo Omagari
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
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8
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Maruya KA, Lao W, Vandervort DR, Fadness R, Lyons M, Mehinto AC. Bioanalytical and chemical-specific screening of contaminants of concern in three California (USA) watersheds. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09534. [PMID: 35663765 PMCID: PMC9160045 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To broaden the scope of contaminants monitored in human-impacted riverine systems, water, sediment, and treated wastewater effluent were analyzed using receptor-based cell assays that provide an integrated response to chemicals based on their mode of biological activity. Samples were collected from three California (USA) watersheds with varying degrees of urbanization and discharge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To complement cell assay results, samples were also analyzed for a suite of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- and LC-MS/MS). For most water and sediment samples, bioassay equivalent concentrations for estrogen and glucocorticoid receptor assays (ER- and GR-BEQs, respectively) were near or below reporting limits. Measured CEC concentrations compared to monitoring trigger values established by a science advisory panel indicated minimal to moderate concern in water but suggested that select pesticides (pyrethroids and fipronil) had accumulated to levels of greater concern in river sediments. Integrating robust, standardized bioanalytical tools such as the ER and GR assays utilized in this study into existing chemical-specific monitoring and assessment efforts will enhance future CEC monitoring efforts in impacted riverine systems and coastal watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Darcy R Vandervort
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
| | - Richard Fadness
- California Regional Water Quality Control Board, North Coast Region, Santa Rosa, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Michael Lyons
- California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region, Los Angeles, CA, 90013, USA
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, USA
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9
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Welch SA, Lane T, Desrousseaux AO, van Dijk J, Mangold-Döring A, Gajraj R, Hader JD, Hermann M, Parvathi Ayillyath Kutteyeri A, Mentzel S, Nagesh P, Polazzo F, Roth SK, Boxall AB, Chefetz B, Dekker SC, Eitzinger J, Grung M, MacLeod M, Moe SJ, Rico A, Sobek A, van Wezel AP, van den Brink P. ECORISK2050: An Innovative Training Network for predicting the effects of global change on the emission, fate, effects, and risks of chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 1:154. [PMID: 37645192 PMCID: PMC10446038 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14283.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
By 2050, the global population is predicted to reach nine billion, with almost three quarters living in cities. The road to 2050 will be marked by changes in land use, climate, and the management of water and food across the world. These global changes (GCs) will likely affect the emissions, transport, and fate of chemicals, and thus the exposure of the natural environment to chemicals. ECORISK2050 is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network that brings together an interdisciplinary consortium of academic, industry and governmental partners to deliver a new generation of scientists, with the skills required to study and manage the effects of GCs on chemical risks to the aquatic environment. The research and training goals are to: (1) assess how inputs and behaviour of chemicals from agriculture and urban environments are affected by different environmental conditions, and how different GC scenarios will drive changes in chemical risks to human and ecosystem health; (2) identify short-to-medium term adaptation and mitigation strategies, to abate unacceptable increases to risks, and (3) develop tools for use by industry and policymakers for the assessment and management of the impacts of GC-related drivers on chemical risks. This project will deliver the next generation of scientists, consultants, and industry and governmental decision-makers who have the knowledge and skillsets required to address the changing pressures associated with chemicals emitted by agricultural and urban activities, on aquatic systems on the path to 2050 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Lane
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | | | - Joanke van Dijk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annika Mangold-Döring
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | - Rudrani Gajraj
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment (WAU), University of Natural Resources and Life sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - John D. Hader
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Markus Hermann
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sophie Mentzel
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, 0579, Norway
| | - Poornima Nagesh
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Polazzo
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain
| | - Sabrina K. Roth
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | | | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Stefan C. Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Josef Eitzinger
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment (WAU), University of Natural Resources and Life sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Merete Grung
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, 0579, Norway
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | | | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, 28805, Spain
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Annemarie P. van Wezel
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
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10
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Schmitz M, Deutschmann B, Markert N, Backhaus T, Brack W, Brauns M, Brinkmann M, Seiler TB, Fink P, Tang S, Beitel S, Doering JA, Hecker M, Shao Y, Schulze T, Weitere M, Wild R, Velki M, Hollert H. Demonstration of an aggregated biomarker response approach to assess the impact of point and diffuse contaminant sources in feral fish in a small river case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:150020. [PMID: 34508932 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the exposure of aquatic wildlife to complex environmental mixtures of chemicals originating from both point and diffuse sources and evaluating the potential impact thereof constitutes a significant step towards mitigating toxic pressure and the improvement of ecological status. In the current proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the potential of a novel Aggregated Biomarker Response (ABR) approach involving a comprehensive set of biomarkers to identify complex exposure and impacts on wild brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Our scenario used a small lowland river in Germany (Holtemme river in the Elbe river catchment) impacted by two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and diffuse agricultural runoff as a case study. The trout were collected along a pollution gradient (characterised in a parallel study) in the river. Compared to fish from the reference site upstream of the first WWTP, the trout collected downstream of the WWTPs showed a significant increase in micronucleus formation, phase I and II enzyme activities, and oxidative stress parameters in agreement with increasing exposure to various chemicals. By integrating single biomarker responses into an aggregated biomarker response, the two WWTPs' contribution to the observed toxicity could be clearly differentiated. The ABR results were supported by chemical analyses and whole transcriptome data, which revealed alterations of steroid biosynthesis and associated pathways, including an anti-androgenic effect, as some of the key drivers of the observed toxicity. Overall, this combined approach of in situ biomarker responses complemented with molecular pathway analysis allowed for a comprehensive ecotoxicological assessment of fish along the river. This study provides evidence for specific hazard potentials caused by mixtures of agricultural and WWTP derived chemicals at sublethal concentrations. Using aggregated biomarker responses combined with chemical analyses enabled an evidence-based ranking of sites with different degrees of pollution according to toxic stress and observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Schmitz
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nele Markert
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Werner Brack
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Brauns
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany; Ruhr District Institute of Hygiene, Rotthauser Str. 21, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Patrick Fink
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 D Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Song Tang
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Environment and Sustainability and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Road Shapingba, 400045 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tobias Schulze
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Weitere
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Romy Wild
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department River Ecology, Brückstraße 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mirna Velki
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52070 Aachen, Germany; Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Ul. Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department for Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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11
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Furia F, Minella M, Gosetti F, Turci F, Sabatino R, Di Cesare A, Corno G, Vione D. Elimination from wastewater of antibiotics reserved for hospital settings, with a Fenton process based on zero-valent iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131170. [PMID: 34467949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Fenton process activated by Zero Valent Iron (ZVI-Fenton) is shown here to effectively remove antibiotics reserved for hospital settings (specifically used to treat antibiotic-resistant infections) from wastewater, thereby helping in the fight against bacterial resistance. Effective degradation of cefazolin, imipenem and vancomycin in real urban wastewater was achieved at pH 5, which is quite near neutrality when compared with classic Fenton that works effectively at pH 3-4. The possibility to operate successfully at pH 5 has several advantages compared to operation at lower pH values: (i) lower reagent costs for pH adjustment; (ii) insignificant impact on wastewater conductivity, because lesser acid is required to acidify and lesser or no base for neutralization; (iii) undetectable release of dissolved Fe, which could otherwise be an issue for wastewater quality. The cost of reagents for the treatment ranges between 0.04 and 0.07 $ m-3, which looks very suitable for practical applications. The structures of the degradation intermediates of the studied antibiotics and their likely abundance suggest that, once the primary compound is eliminated, most of the potential to trigger antibiotic action has been removed. Application of the ZVI-Fenton technique to wastewater treatment could considerably lower the possibility for antibiotics to trigger the development of resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Furia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5,9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Minella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5,9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Dell'Ambiente e Della Terra, Università di Milano - Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5,9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sabatino
- Molecular Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, VCO, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Molecular Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, VCO, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Molecular Ecology Group, National Research Council of Italy, Water Research Institute, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, VCO, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5,9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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12
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Duong HT, Doan NH, Trinh HT, Kadokami K. Occurrence and risk assessment of herbicides and fungicides in atmospheric particulate matter in Hanoi, Vietnam. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147674. [PMID: 34004539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Vietnam is a Southeast Asian developing country with rapidly increasing air pollution, especially in large cities. Over 350,000 chemicals and chemical mixtures are produced and used in Vietnam; however, the country has only implemented air quality standards for 44 substances, which are primarily focused on inorganic and volatile organic compounds. Although numerous pesticides are frequently applied across large cities in Vietnam, information on their concentrations in atmospheric particulate matter (APM) is limited. Therefore, to investigate their occurrence and health effects, 187 pesticides in APM were screened using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-quadrupole time of flight- Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Spectra method (LC-QTOF-MS-SWATH). A total of 22 pesticides (16 fungicides and 6 herbicides) were quantified in the dry and rainy seasons. Among them, 19 substances were quantified in APM for the first time in Vietnam. Their median total concentrations in the dry season were higher than those in the rainy season, and the concentrations in the daytime were one-third of the night-time concentrations in both seasons. Their total levels ranged from 0.82 to 21.1 ng m-3 (median, 3.63 ng m-3), the detection frequencies of 9 pesticides were higher than 70%, and 7-14 pesticides were detected per sample (median, 10). Some of the detected pesticides were likely sourced from their prevalent use in amenity turf protection (e.g., in parks and public roads) and weed control (e.g., in gardens, floriculture, and agriculture). The total daily intake (DIair) values for adults, children, and infants were 8.17E-06, 2.06E-05, and 2.45E-05 mg kg-1 d-1, respectively, and the highest Hazard Quotients (HQs) were 4.81E-04, 1.22E-03, and 1.44E-03, respectively. All HQs and HIs of the pesticides were < 1 for all population groups (adults, children, and infants), indicating negligible exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh Thi Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hai Doan
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Sophia University, Kioicho 7-1, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Ha Thu Trinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan.
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13
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Uncertainty of chemical status in surface waters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13644. [PMID: 34211023 PMCID: PMC8249372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the issue of estimating Pom—the probability of misclassifying the chemical status confidence of a water body status assessment. The main concerns of the authors were chemical quality elements with concentrations in water bodies which are close to or even smaller than the limit of quantification (LOQ). Their values must be set to half of this limit to calculate the mean value. This procedure leads to very low standard deviation values and unrealistic values of Pom for chemical indicators. In turn, this may lead to the false conclusion that not only is the chemical status good but also that this status assessment is perfect. Therefore, for a more reliable calculation of Pom, the authors suggested a modified calculation in which the value of half the LOQ for calculating the mean value was kept, but zero as the concentration value for the standard deviation calculation was adopted. The proposed modification has been applied to the Hierarchical Approach procedure for Pom estimation of the chemical status of Polish rivers and lakes. The crucial finding is that current chemical status assessments may be incorrect in the case of approximately 25% of river water bodies and 30% of lake water bodies categorised as good, and 20% of both types of water bodies classified as below good.
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14
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Bradley PM, Journey CA, Romanok KM, Breitmeyer SE, Button DT, Carlisle DM, Huffman BJ, Mahler BJ, Nowell LH, Qi SL, Smalling KL, Waite IR, Van Metre PC. Multi-region assessment of chemical mixture exposures and predicted cumulative effects in USA wadeable urban/agriculture-gradient streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145062. [PMID: 33940714 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-contaminant mixtures are widely reported in large stream reaches in urban/agriculture-developed watersheds, but mixture compositions and aggregate biological effects are less well understood in corresponding smaller headwaters, which comprise most of stream length, riparian connectivity, and spatial biodiversity. During 2014-2017, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measured 389 unique organic analytes (pharmaceutical, pesticide, organic wastewater indicators) in 305 headwater streams within four contiguous United States (US) regions. Potential aquatic biological effects were evaluated for estimated maximum and median exposure conditions using multiple lines of evidence, including occurrence/concentrations of designed-bioactive pesticides and pharmaceuticals and cumulative risk screening based on vertebrate-centric ToxCast™ exposure-response data and on invertebrate and nonvascular plant aquatic life benchmarks. Mixed-contaminant exposures were ubiquitous and varied, with 78% (304) of analytes detected at least once and cumulative maximum concentrations up to more than 156,000 ng/L. Designed bioactives represented 83% of detected analytes. Contaminant summary metrics correlated strong-positive (rho (ρ): 0.569-0.719) to multiple watershed-development metrics, only weak-positive to point-source discharges (ρ: 0.225-353), and moderate- to strong-negative with multiple instream invertebrate metrics (ρ: -0.373 to -0.652). Risk screening indicated common exposures with high probability of vertebrate-centric molecular effects and of acute toxicity to invertebrates, respectively. The results confirm exposures to broad and diverse contaminant mixtures and provide convincing multiple lines of evidence that chemical contaminants contribute substantially to adverse multi-stressor effects in headwater-stream communities.
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15
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Diamond J, Burton GA. Moving Beyond the Term "Contaminants of Emerging Concern". ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:1527-1529. [PMID: 33617005 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G Allen Burton
- School for Environment and Sustainability and Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Medlock Kakaley E, Cardon MC, Evans N, Iwanowicz LR, Allen JM, Wagner E, Bokenkamp K, Richardson SD, Plewa MJ, Bradley PM, Romanok KM, Kolpin DW, Conley JM, Gray LE, Hartig PC, Wilson VS. In vitro effects-based method and water quality screening model for use in pre- and post-distribution treated waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144750. [PMID: 33736315 PMCID: PMC8085790 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent urban public water supply contamination events emphasize the importance of screening treated drinking water quality after distribution. In vitro bioassays, when run concurrently with analytical chemistry methods, are effective tools to evaluating the efficacy of water treatment processes and water quality. We tested 49 water samples representing the Chicago Department of Water Management service areas for estrogen, (anti)androgen, glucocorticoid receptor-activating contaminants and cytotoxicity. We present a tiered screening approach suitable to samples with anticipated low-level activity and initially tested all extracts for statistically identifiable endocrine activity; performing a secondary dilution-response analysis to determine sample EC50 and biological equivalency values (BioEq). Estrogenic activity was detected in untreated Lake Michigan intake water samples using mammalian (5/49; median: 0.21 ng E2Eq/L) and yeast cell (5/49; 1.78 ng E2Eq/L) bioassays. A highly sensitive (anti)androgenic activity bioassay was applied for the first time to water quality screening and androgenic activity was detected in untreated intake and treated pre-distribution samples (4/49; 0.93 ng DHTEq/L). No activity was identified above method detection limits in the yeast androgenic, mammalian anti-androgenic, and both glucocorticoid bioassays. Known estrogen receptor agonists were detected using HPLC/MS-MS (estrone: 0.72-1.4 ng/L; 17α-estradiol: 1.3-1.5 ng/L; 17β-estradiol: 1.4 ng/L; equol: 8.8 ng/L), however occurrence did not correlate with estrogenic bioassay results. Many studies have applied bioassays to water quality monitoring using only relatively small samples sets often collected from surface and/or wastewater effluent. However, to realistically adapt these tools to treated water quality monitoring, water quality managers must have the capacity to screen potentially hundreds of samples in short timeframes. Therefore, we provided a tiered screening model that increased sample screening speed, without sacrificing statistical stringency, and detected estrogenic and androgenic activity only in pre-distribution Chicago area samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Medlock Kakaley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America.
| | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America
| | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430, United States of America
| | - Joshua M Allen
- University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate Science Research Center, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Wagner
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Crop Sciences, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Katherine Bokenkamp
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Crop Sciences, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Susan D Richardson
- University of South Carolina, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Graduate Science Research Center, 631 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208, United States of America
| | - Michael J Plewa
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Crop Sciences, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Carolina Water Science Center, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC 29210, United States of America
| | - Kristin M Romanok
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Science Center, 3450 Princeton Pike, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, United States of America
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, 400 S Clinton St Room 269, Iowa City, IA 52240, United States of America
| | - Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America
| | - L Earl Gray
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America
| | - Phillip C Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America
| | - Vickie S Wilson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27511, United States of America
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Ondrasek G, Rengel Z. Environmental salinization processes: Detection, implications & solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142432. [PMID: 33254867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A great portion of Earth's freshwater and land resources are salt-affected and thus have restricted use or may become unsuitable for most human activities. Some of the recent scenarios warn that environmental salinization processes will continue to be exacerbated due to global climate change. The most relevant implications and side-effects in ecosystems under excessive salinity are destructive and long lasting (e.g. soil dispersion, water/soil hypersalinity, desertification, ruined biodiversity), often with non-feasible on site remediation, especially at larger scales. Agro-ecosystems are very sensitive to salinization; after a certain threshold is reached, yields and food quality start to deteriorate sharply. Additionally, salinity often coincides with numerous other environmental constrains (drought, waterlogging, pollution, acidity, nutrient deficiency, etc.) that progressively aggravate the threat to food security and general ecosystem resilience. Some well-proven, widely-used and cost-effective traditional ameliorative strategies (e.g. conservation agriculture, application of natural conditioners) help against salinity and other constraints, especially in developing countries. Remotely-sensed and integrated data of salt-affected areas combined with in situ and lab-based observations have never been so easy and rapid to acquire, precise and applicable on huge scales, representing a valuable tool for policy-makers and other stakeholders in implementing targeted measures to control and prevent ecosystem degradation (top-to-bottom approach). Continued progress in biotechnology and ecoengineering offers some of the most advanced and effective solutions against salinity (e.g. nanomaterials, marker-assisted breeding, genome editing, plant-microbial associations), albeit many knowledge gaps and ethical frontiers remain to be overcome before a successful transfer of these potential solutions to the industrial-scale food production can be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrijel Ondrasek
- The University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska c. 25, Croatia.
| | - Zed Rengel
- The University of Western Australia, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Stirling Highway 35, Perth, W. Australia, Australia; Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, Split, Croatia
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18
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Qin T, Hong X, Chen R, Zha J, Shen J. Evaluating environmental impact of STP effluents on receiving water in Beijing by the joint use of chemical analysis and biomonitoring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141942. [PMID: 32896793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the environmental impact of receiving water from the Qinghe River sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents in Beijing, we collected sediments and Bellamya aeruginosa (Up-site, Discharge-site, and Down-site) both in 2017 and 2018 and analyzed the samples via chemical analysis, biological responses and transcriptomics. In two years of data, our biological results showed that AChE activities presented different degrees of influence on B. aeruginosa captured at sampling points of the STP compared to control sites (P < 0.05). Additionally, indicators of the antioxidant system (e.g., SOD, CAT, GST, EROD activity) and MDA content were significantly increased in the whole tissue at the Up-site of the STP. Integration of the assessed biomarkers using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index ranked the environmental impact at sites as Up-site > Discharge-site > Down-site. In terms of the transcriptome data, B. aeruginosa collected from the Discharge-site of the STP showed greater transcriptomic response than it did from all other sites. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that sewage significantly altered the expression of genes involved in xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, citrate (TCA) cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, apoptotic and Parkinson's disease. The concentrations of 34 organic pollutants (17 PAHs, 10 PAEs, 7 EDCs) were measured. The chemical concentrations of pollutants decreased from Up-site to Down-site and were well correlated with enzyme activity, IBR, and transcriptomic results. Our results demonstrated that the combined use of chemical analysis, biological responses and transcriptome data is necessary to validate the efficacy of a battery of biomarkers chosen to detect environmental stress due to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiangsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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19
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Bui Thanh Son, Nguyen Viet Long, Nguyen Thi Nhat Hang. Natural clay minerals and fly ash waste as green catalysts for heterogeneous photo-Fenton reactions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the use of natural clay minerals and fly ash waste as efficient catalysts for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Thanh Son
- Nanotechnology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Viet Long
- Nanotechnology, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
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20
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Albert JS, Destouni G, Duke-Sylvester SM, Magurran AE, Oberdorff T, Reis RE, Winemiller KO, Ripple WJ. Scientists' warning to humanity on the freshwater biodiversity crisis. AMBIO 2021; 50:85-94. [PMID: 32040746 PMCID: PMC7708569 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems provide irreplaceable services for both nature and society. The quality and quantity of freshwater affect biogeochemical processes and ecological dynamics that determine biodiversity, ecosystem productivity, and human health and welfare at local, regional and global scales. Freshwater ecosystems and their associated riparian habitats are amongst the most biologically diverse on Earth, and have inestimable economic, health, cultural, scientific and educational values. Yet human impacts to lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands and groundwater are dramatically reducing biodiversity and robbing critical natural resources and services from current and future generations. Freshwater biodiversity is declining rapidly on every continent and in every major river basin on Earth, and this degradation is occurring more rapidly than in terrestrial ecosystems. Currently, about one third of all global freshwater discharges pass through human agricultural, industrial or urban infrastructure. About one fifth of the Earth's arable land is now already equipped for irrigation, including all the most productive lands, and this proportion is projected to surpass one third by midcentury to feed the rapidly expanding populations of humans and commensal species, especially poultry and ruminant livestock. Less than one fifth of the world's preindustrial freshwater wetlands remain, and this proportion is projected to decline to under one tenth by midcentury, with imminent threats from water transfer megaprojects in Brazil and India, and coastal wetland drainage megaprojects in China. The Living Planet Index for freshwater vertebrate populations has declined to just one third that of 1970, and is projected to sink below one fifth by midcentury. A linear model of global economic expansion yields the chilling prediction that human utilization of critical freshwater resources will approach one half of the Earth's total capacity by midcentury. Although the magnitude and growth of the human freshwater footprint are greater than is generally understood by policy makers, the news media, or the general public, slowing and reversing dramatic losses of freshwater species and ecosystems is still possible. We recommend a set of urgent policy actions that promote clean water, conserve watershed services, and restore freshwater ecosystems and their vital services. Effective management of freshwater resources and ecosystems must be ranked amongst humanity's highest priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Albert
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70503 USA
| | - Georgia Destouni
- Department of Physical Geography, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 UK
| | - Thierry Oberdorff
- UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), CNRS, IRD, UPS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Roberto E. Reis
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900 Brazil
| | - Kirk O. Winemiller
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - William J. Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA
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21
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Shao Y, Schiwy A, Glauch L, Henneberger L, König M, Mühlenbrink M, Xiao H, Thalmann B, Schlichting R, Hollert H, Escher BI. Optimization of a pre-metabolization procedure using rat liver S9 and cell-extracted S9 in the Ames fluctuation test. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:141468. [PMID: 32827816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental pollutants pose a toxicological hazard only after metabolic activation. In vitro bioassays using cell lines or bacteria have often no or reduced metabolic activity, which impedes their use in the risk assessment. To improve the predictive capability of in vitro assays, external metabolization systems like the liver S9 fraction are frequently combined with in vitro toxicity assays. While it is typical for S9 fractions that samples and testing systems are combined in the same exposure system, we propose to separate the metabolism step and toxicity measurement. This allows for a modular combination of metabolic activation by enzymes isolated from rat liver (S9) or a biotechnological alternative (ewoS9R) with in vitro bioassays that lack metabolic capacity. Benzo(a)pyrene and 2-aminoanthracene were used as model compounds to optimize the conditions for the S9 metabolic degradation/activation step. The Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 was applied to validate the set-up of decoupling the S9 activation/metabolism from the bioassay system. S9 protein concentration of 0.25 mgprotein/mL, a supplement of 0.13 mM NADPH and a pre-incubation time of 100 min are recommended for activation of samples prior to dosing them to in vitro bioassays using the regular dosing protocols of the respective bioassay. EwoS9R performed equally well as Moltox S9, which is a step forward in developing true animal-free in vitro bioassays. After pre-incubation with S9 fraction, chemicals induced bacteria revertants in both the TA98 and the TA100 assay as efficiently as the standard Ames assay. The pre-incubation of chemicals with S9 fraction could serve for a wide range of cellular in vitro assays to efficiently combine activation and toxicity measurement, which may greatly facilitate the application of these assays for chemical hazard assessment and monitoring of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Shazheng street 174, Shapingba, 400044 Chongqing, China.
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Glauch
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie Mühlenbrink
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Beat Thalmann
- EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany
| | - Rita Schlichting
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Cell Toxicology, Permoser Str. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; EWOMIS GmbH, Schießstraße 26c, 63486 Bruchköbel, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
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22
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Organic Matter Decomposition and Ecosystem Metabolism as Tools to Assess the Functional Integrity of Streams and Rivers–A Systematic Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Streams and rivers provide important services to humans, and therefore, their ecological integrity should be a societal goal. Although ecological integrity encompasses structural and functional integrity, stream bioassessment rarely considers ecosystem functioning. Organic matter decomposition and ecosystem metabolism are prime candidate indicators of stream functional integrity, and here we review each of these functions, the methods used for their determination, and their strengths and limitations for bioassessment. We also provide a systematic review of studies that have addressed organic matter decomposition (88 studies) and ecosystem metabolism (50 studies) for stream bioassessment since the year 2000. Most studies were conducted in temperate regions. Bioassessment based on organic matter decomposition mostly used leaf litter in coarse-mesh bags, but fine-mesh bags were also common, and cotton strips and wood were frequent in New Zealand. Ecosystem metabolism was most often based on the open-channel method and used a single-station approach. Organic matter decomposition and ecosystem metabolism performed well at detecting environmental change (≈75% studies), with performances varying between 50 and 100% depending on the type of environmental change; both functions were sensitive to restoration practices in 100% of the studies examined. Finally, we provide examples where functional tools are used to complement the assessments of stream ecological integrity. With this review, we hope to facilitate the widespread incorporation of ecosystem processes into bioassessment programs with the broader aim of more effectively managing stream and river ecosystems.
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23
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Sarkis N, Geffard O, Souchon Y, Chandesris A, Férréol M, Valette L, Alric B, François A, Piffady J, Chaumot A, Villeneuve B. How to quantify the links between bioavailable contamination in watercourses and pressures of anthropogenic land cover, contamination sources and hydromorphology at multiple scales? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139492. [PMID: 32492570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Active biomonitoring permits the quantification of biological exposure to chemicals through measurements of bioavailable concentrations in biota and biological markers of toxicity in organisms. It enables respective comparison of the levels of contamination between sites and sampling campaigns. Caged gammarids are recently proposed as relevant probes for measuring bioavailable contamination in freshwater systems. The purpose of the present study was to develop a multi-pressure and multiscale approach, considering metallic contamination levels (from data based on active biomonitoring) as a response to pressures (combination of individual stressors). These pressures were anthropogenic land cover, industry density, wastewater treatment plant density, pressures on stream hydromorphological functioning, riverside vegetation and bioavailability factors. A dataset combining active biomonitoring and potentially related pressures was established at the French national scale, with 196 samplings from 2009 to 2016. The links between pressures and metallic contamination were defined and modelled via structural equation modeling (more specifically partial least squares - path modeling). The model enabled the understanding of the respective influences of pressures on metallic bioconcentration in caged sentinel organisms. Beyond validating the local influence of industries and wastewater treatment plants on metallic contamination, this model showed a complementary effect of driving forces of anthropogenic land cover (leading to human activities). It also quantified a significant influence of pressures on stream hydromorphological functioning, presence of vegetation and physico-chemical parameters on metal bioconcentration. This hierarchical multi-pressure approach could serve as a concept on how pressures and contamination (assessed by active biomonitoring) can be connected. Its future application will enable better understanding of environmental pressures leading to contamination in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Sarkis
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Souchon
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Alric
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Adeline François
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérémy Piffady
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, EcoFlowS, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaud Chaumot
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69625 Villeurbanne, France
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24
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Tlili A, Corcoll N, Arrhenius Å, Backhaus T, Hollender J, Creusot N, Wagner B, Behra R. Tolerance Patterns in Stream Biofilms Link Complex Chemical Pollution to Ecological Impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:10745-10753. [PMID: 32706249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preventing and remedying fresh waters from chemical pollution is a fundamental societal and scientific challenge. With other nonchemical stressors potentially co-occurring, assessing the ecological consequences of reducing chemical loads in the environment is arduous. In this case study, we comparatively assessed the community structure, functions, and tolerance of stream biofilms to micropollutant mixtures extracted from deployed passive samplers at wastewater treatment plant effluents. These biofilms were growing up- and downstream of one upgraded and two nonupgraded wastewater treatment plants before being sampled for analyses. Our results showed a substantial decrease in micropollutant concentrations by 85%, as the result of upgrading the wastewater treatment plant at one of the sampling sites with activated carbon filtration. This decrease was positively correlated with a loss of community tolerance to micropollutants and the recovery of the community structure downstream of the effluent. On the other hand, downstream biofilms at the nonupgraded sites displayed higher tolerance to the extracts than the upstream biofilms. The observed higher tolerance was positively linked to micropollutant levels both in stream water and in biofilm samples, and to shifts in the community structure. Although more investigations of upgraded sites are needed, our findings point toward the suitability of using community tolerance for the retrospective assessment of the risks posed by micropollutants, to assess community recovery, and to relate effects to causes in complex environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tlili
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Natàlia Corcoll
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Arrhenius
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Renata Behra
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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25
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van de Meent D, de Zwart D, Posthuma L. Screening-Level Estimates of Environmental Release Rates, Predicted Exposures, and Toxic Pressures of Currently Used Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1839-1851. [PMID: 32539202 PMCID: PMC7496123 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe a procedure to quantify emissions of chemicals for environmental protection, assessment, and management purposes. The procedure uses production and use volumes from registration dossiers and combines these with Specific Environmental Release Category data. The procedure was applied in a case study. Emission estimations were made for chemicals registered under the European Union chemicals regulations for industrial chemicals (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals [REACH]) and for the active ingredients of medicines and crop protection products. Emissions themselves cannot be validated. Instead, emission estimates were followed by multimedia fate modeling and mixture toxic pressure modeling to arrive at predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and toxic pressures for a typical European water body at steady state, which were compared with other such data. The results show that screening-level assessments could be performed, and yielded estimates of emissions, PECs, and mixture toxic pressures of chemicals used in Europe. Steady-state PECs agreed fairly well with measured concentrations. The mixture toxic pressure at steady state suggests the presence of effects in aquatic species assemblages, whereby few compounds dominate the predicted impact. The study shows that our screening-level emission estimation procedure is sufficiently accurate and precise to serve as a basis for assessment of chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems at the scale of river catchments. Given a recognized societal need to develop methods for realistic, cumulative exposures, the emission assessment procedure can assist in the prioritization of chemicals in safety policies (such as the European Union REACH regulation), where "possibility to be used safely" needs to be demonstrated, and environmental quality policies (such as the European Union Water Framework Directive), where "good environmental quality" needs to be reached. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1839-1851. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik van de Meent
- Association of Retired Environmental ScientistsOdijkThe Netherlands
- Mermayde, GroetThe Netherlands
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Dick de Zwart
- Association of Retired Environmental ScientistsOdijkThe Netherlands
- Mermayde, GroetThe Netherlands
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Leo Posthuma
- Department of Environmental ScienceInstitute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Center for SustainabilityEnvironment and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
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26
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Leung KM, Yeung KW, You J, Choi K, Zhang X, Smith R, Zhou G, Yung MM, Arias‐Barreiro C, An Y, Burket SR, Dwyer R, Goodkin N, Hii YS, Hoang T, Humphrey C, Iwai CB, Jeong S, Juhel G, Karami A, Kyriazi‐Huber K, Lee K, Lin B, Lu B, Martin P, Nillos MG, Oginawati K, Rathnayake I, Risjani Y, Shoeb M, Tan CH, Tsuchiya MC, Ankley GT, Boxall AB, Rudd MA, Brooks BW. Toward Sustainable Environmental Quality: Priority Research Questions for Asia. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1485-1505. [PMID: 32474951 PMCID: PMC7496081 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and human health challenges are pronounced in Asia, an exceptionally diverse and complex region where influences of global megatrends are extensive and numerous stresses to environmental quality exist. Identifying priorities necessary to engage grand challenges can be facilitated through horizon scanning exercises, and to this end we identified and examined 23 priority research questions needed to advance toward more sustainable environmental quality in Asia, as part of the Global Horizon Scanning Project. Advances in environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry, biological monitoring, and risk-assessment methodologies are necessary to address the adverse impacts of environmental stressors on ecosystem services and biodiversity, with Asia being home to numerous biodiversity hotspots. Intersections of the food-energy-water nexus are profound in Asia; innovative and aggressive technologies are necessary to provide clean water, ensure food safety, and stimulate energy efficiency, while improving ecological integrity and addressing legacy and emerging threats to public health and the environment, particularly with increased aquaculture production. Asia is the largest chemical-producing continent globally. Accordingly, sustainable and green chemistry and engineering present decided opportunities to stimulate innovation and realize a number of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Engaging the priority research questions identified herein will require transdisciplinary coordination through existing and nontraditional partnerships within and among countries and sectors. Answering these questions will not be easy but is necessary to achieve more sustainable environmental quality in Asia. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1485-1505. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M.Y. Leung
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Katie W.Y. Yeung
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
| | - Jing You
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and HealthJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Xiaowei Zhang
- School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | | | - Guang‐Jie Zhou
- Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Humphrey
- Supervising Scientist BranchCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin‐Le Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and TechnologyTokyoJapan
| | - Ben Lu
- International Copper Association–AsiaShanghaiChina
| | | | - Mae Grace Nillos
- College of Fisheries and Ocean SciencesUniversity of the Philippines VisayasIloilo CityPhilippines
| | | | - I.V.N. Rathnayake
- Department of MicrobiologyFaculty of Science, University of KelaniyaKelaniyaSri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bryan W. Brooks
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and HealthJinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Baylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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Vargas-Berrones K, Bernal-Jácome L, Díaz de León-Martínez L, Flores-Ramírez R. Emerging pollutants (EPs) in Latin América: A critical review of under-studied EPs, case of study -Nonylphenol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138493. [PMID: 32320876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (EPs) represent a significant risk to human, ecological and environmental health. Although progress has been made in establishing monitoring in environmental matrices, health effects, legislation and control, there are still problems associated with regional bias and the types of EPs commonly assessed, which may underestimate the risk to health. In Latin America there are limited reports on environmental monitoring of EPs and it is generally focused on wastewater. This review identifies the current research deficiencies for emerging contaminants in the Latin American region, and we address the case of nonylphenol as an under-studied EP in the region. Nonylphenol is a degradation product of nonylphenol ethoxylate, which is a surfactant widely used in the manufacture of detergents in Latin America, environmental concentrations have been reported, predominantly in water, and the possible effects on species in this region have been also described. The importance of the review of this compound in the region lies in the fact that the Rotterdam Convention has catalogued nonylphenol as a severely restricted compound, so it is necessary to establish measures for its restriction and change to a sustainable technology. Finally, the example of NP presented in this review highlights the lack of regulation in Latin America regarding to EPs, resulting in the contamination of wastewater, effluents, rivers and drinking water. It is imperative to determine the potential effects, occurrence and concentration levels to improve the regulation of these pollutants in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Vargas-Berrones
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Luis Bernal-Jácome
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Edificio P. Facultad de Ingeniería, Dr. Manuel Nava #8, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78290 San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Lorena Díaz de León-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Flores-Ramírez
- CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, CP 78210, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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28
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Benjedim S, Romero-Cano LA, Pérez-Cadenas AF, Bautista-Toledo MI, Lotfi EM, Carrasco-Marín F. Removal of emerging pollutants present in water using an E-coli biofilm supported onto activated carbons prepared from argan wastes: Adsorption studies in batch and fixed bed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 720:137491. [PMID: 32145619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the removal rates of paracetamol and amoxicillin present in water, activated carbons prepared from argan waste were designed as a support for a biofilm-based on E. coli yielding microporous materials with high surface areas, in such a way that the biofilm support could be made homogeneously on the internal and external surface of the material. Adsorption studies without the presence of the biofilm showed rapid kinetics with adsorption constants kPCT = 0.06 and kAMX = 0.007 min-1. The adsorption isotherms could be described by the Langmuir isotherm model reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of qPCT = 502 and qAMX = 319 mg g-1. In contrast, the results obtained for the materials that support the biofilm showed slow kinetics (kPCT = 0.007 and kAMX = 0.003 min-1) and a remarkable change in the shape of the adsorption isotherms, since the experimental data are better represented by a combined Langmuir-Freundlich model, in which three important stages are observed: (i) In a first stage, adsorption is carried out in those spaces available after supporting the biofilm in the surface of the ACs. Once these spaces have been saturated, a second stage (ii) is present with an exponential behavior typical of the Freundlich isotherm, attributed to the adsorption of the pharmaceutical compounds in the biofilm, Finally a third stage is observed (iii) where the asymptotic behavior typical of the saturation of the adsorbent according to the Langmuir model is already appreciated (qPCT = 504 and qAMX = 465 mg g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Benjedim
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain; Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Environmental Materials Team, ENSET, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Luis A Romero-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales y Fenómenos de Superficie, Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Av. Patria 1201, C.P. 45129 Zapopan, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Agustín F Pérez-Cadenas
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ma Isidora Bautista-Toledo
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - El Mostapha Lotfi
- Laboratory of Spectroscopy, Molecular Modeling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water and Environment, Environmental Materials Team, ENSET, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Marín
- Research Group in Carbon Materials, Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva s/n. 18071 Granada, Spain
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29
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Palma P, Fialho S, Lima A, Novais MH, Costa MJ, Montemurro N, Pérez S, de Alda ML. Pharmaceuticals in a Mediterranean Basin: The influence of temporal and hydrological patterns in environmental risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136205. [PMID: 31905561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is nowadays a well-established issue that has become a matter of both scientific and public concern. Tons of different classes of pharmaceuticals find their way to the environment at variable degrees, after their use and excretion through wastewater and sewage treatment systems. The main goal of this study was to correlate the dynamics and the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals with different temporal and hydrological patterns, at the Guadiana Basin (South of Portugal). Water samples were collected bimonthly during 2017 (classified as a drought year) and 2018 (post-drought year) in: Zebro, Álamos and Amieira (intermittent hydrological streams), and Lucefécit (perennial hydrological stream). The pharmaceuticals quantified in higher concentrations, out of 27 investigated, were diclofenac (up to 4806 ng L-1), ibuprofen (3161 ng L-1), hydrochlorothiazide (2726 ng L-1) and carbamazepine (3223 ng L-1). Zebro and Álamos presented the highest contamination by this group of environmental hazardous substances, which may be correlated with the presence of wastewater treatment plants upstream the sampling point of each stream. Furthermore, the highest concentrations occurred mainly during the dry period (2017), when the flow was nearly inexistent in Zebro, and in Álamos after the first heavy rainfalls. In specific periods, the high concentrations of pharmaceuticals detected may induce risk for the organisms of lowest trophic levels, damaging the balance of the ecosystems at these streams. The risk quotient optimised approach (RQf) integrating exposure, toxicity and persistence factors, ranks the pharmaceuticals investigated in terms of risk for the aquatic ecosystems as follows: diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine (high risk), clarithromycin (moderate risk), acetaminophen, ofloxacin and bezafibrate (endurable risk), and hydrochlorothiazide (negligible risk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Palma
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Fialho
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana Lima
- Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Novais
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria João Costa
- Instituto de Ciências da Terra (ICT), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal; Science and Technology School, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Lopez de Alda
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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30
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de Oliveira M, Frihling BEF, Velasques J, Filho FJCM, Cavalheri PS, Migliolo L. Pharmaceuticals residues and xenobiotics contaminants: Occurrence, analytical techniques and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135568. [PMID: 31846817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants are increasingly present in the environment, and their appearance on both the environment and health of living beings are still poorly understood by society. Conventional sewage treatment facilities that are under validity and were designed years ago are not developed to remove pharmaceutical compounds, their main focus is organic and bacteriological removal. Pharmaceutical residues are associated directly with quantitative production aspects as well as inadequate waste management policies. Persistent classes of emerging compounds such as xenobiotics present molecules whose physicochemical properties such as small molecular size, ionizability, water solubility, lipophilicity, polarity and volatility make degradability, identification and quantification of these complex compounds difficult. Based on research results showing that there is a possibility of risk to human and environmental health the presence of these compounds in the environment this article aimed to review the main pharmaceutical and xenobiotic residues present in the environment, as well as to present the most common methodologies used. The most commonly used analytical methods for identifying these compounds were HPLC and Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry with potential for characterize complex substances in the environment with low concentrations. An alternative and low-cost technology for emerging compound treatment demonstrated in the literature with a satisfactory performance for several types of sewage such as domestic sewage, wastewater and agroindustrial, was the Wetlands Constructed. The study was able to identify the main compounds that are being found in the environment and identify the most used analytical methods to identify and quantify these compounds, bringing some alternatives combining technologies for the treatment of compounds. Environmental contamination is eminent, since the production of emerging compounds aims to increase along with technological development. This demonstrates the need to explore and aggregate sewage treatment technologies to reduce or prevent the deposition of these compounds into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milina de Oliveira
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Jannaina Velasques
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Brazil
| | - Fernando Jorge Corrêa Magalhães Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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31
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Ihara M, Hanamoto S, Ihara MO, Zhang H, Tanaka H. Wastewater-derived antagonistic activities of G protein-coupled receptor-acting pharmaceuticals in river water. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:908-917. [PMID: 32077112 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are widely detected in aquatic environments, and their potential risks to aquatic species are of concern because they are designed to be biologically active. Here, we used an in vitro assay, called the transforming growth factor α shedding assay, to measure the biological activities of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-acting pharmaceuticals present in river water and effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Japan from 2014 to 2016. Antagonistic activities against angiotensin (AT1), dopamine (D2), adrenergic (β1), acetylcholine (M1) and histamine (H1) receptors were detected in river water, and were stronger downstream than upstream owing to effluent from WWTPs along the river. Ozonation at one WWTP reduced these activities. Concentrations of sulpiride (D2 antagonist) could explain 73% of antagonistic activities against the D2 receptor; those of metoprolol, atenolol and propranolol (β1 antagonists) could explain 16% of activities against the β1 receptor; and those of pirenzepine (M1 antagonist) could explain 15% of activities against the M1 receptor. Therefore, other receptor antagonists also occur. GPCR-acting pharmaceuticals should be given more attention in environmental monitoring and toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihara
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Shiga, Japan
| | - Seiya Hanamoto
- Environment Preservation Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mariko O Ihara
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Shiga, Japan
| | - Han Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Shiga, Japan
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32
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Bradley PM, Romanok KM, Duncan JR, Battaglin WA, Clark JM, Hladik ML, Huffman BJ, Iwanowicz LR, Journey CA, Smalling KL. Exposure and potential effects of pesticides and pharmaceuticals in protected streams of the US National park Service southeast region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135431. [PMID: 31896231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Globally, protected areas offer refugia for a broad range of taxa including threatened and endangered species. In the United States (US), the National Park Service (NPS) manages public lands to preserve biodiversity, but increasing park visitation and development of surrounding landscapes increase exposure to and effects from bioactive contaminants. The risk (exposure and hazard) to NPS protected-stream ecosystems within the highly urbanized southeast region (SER) from bioactive contaminants was assessed in five systems based on 334 pesticide and pharmaceutical analytes in water and 119 pesticides in sediment. Contaminant mixtures were common across all sampled systems, with approximately 24% of the unique analytes (80/334) detected at least once and 15% (49/334) detected in half of the surface-water samples. Pharmaceuticals were observed more frequently than pesticides, consistent with riparian buffers and concomitant spatial separation from non-point pesticide sources in four of the systems. To extrapolate exposure data to biological effects space, site-specific cumulative exposure-activity ratios (ΣEAR) were calculated for detected surface-water contaminants with available ToxCast data; common exceedances of a 0.001 ΣEAR effects-screening threshold raise concerns for molecular toxicity and possible, sub-lethal effects to non-target, aquatic vertebrates. The results illustrate the need for continued management of protected resources to reduce contaminant exposure and preserve habitat quality, including prioritization of conservation practices (riparian buffers) near stream corridors and increased engagement with upstream/up-gradient property owners and municipal wastewater facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Columbia, SC USA.
| | - Kristin M Romanok
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ USA
| | | | | | - Jimmy M Clark
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Bradley J Huffman
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center , Kearneysville, WV USA
| | - Celeste A Journey
- U.S. Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ USA
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33
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Medlock Kakaley EK, Blackwell BR, Cardon MC, Conley JM, Evans N, Feifarek DJ, Furlong ET, Glassmeyer ST, Gray LE, Hartig PC, Kolpin DW, Mills MA, Rosenblum L, Villeneuve DL, Wilson VS. De Facto Water Reuse: Bioassay suite approach delivers depth and breadth in endocrine active compound detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134297. [PMID: 31683213 PMCID: PMC9136853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although endocrine disrupting compounds have been detected in wastewater and surface waters worldwide using a variety of in vitro effects-based screening tools, e.g. bioassays, few have examined potential attenuation of environmental contaminants by both natural (sorption, degradation, etc.) and anthropogenic (water treatment practices) processes. This study used several bioassays and quantitative chemical analyses to assess residence-time weighted samples at six sites along a river in the northeastern United States beginning upstream from a wastewater treatment plant outfall and proceeding downstream along the stream reach to a drinking water treatment plant. Known steroidal estrogens were quantified and changes in signaling pathway molecular initiating events (activation of estrogen, androgen, glucocorticoid, peroxisome proliferator-activated, pregnane X receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling networks) were identified in water extracts. In initial multi-endpoint assays geographic and receptor-specific endocrine activity patterns in transcription factor signatures and nuclear receptor activation were discovered. In subsequent single endpoint receptor-specific bioassays, estrogen (16 of 18 samples; 0.01 to 28 ng estradiol equivalents [E2Eqs]/L) glucocorticoid (3 of 18 samples; 1.8 to 21 ng dexamethasone equivalents [DexEqs]/L), and androgen (2 of 18 samples; 0.95 to 2.1 ng dihydrotestosterone equivalents [DHTEqs]/L) receptor transcriptional activation occurred above respective assay method detection limits (0.04 ng E2Eqs/L, 1.2 ng DexEqs/L, and 0.77 ng DHTEqs/L) in multiple sampling events. Estrogen activity, the most often detected, correlated well with measured concentrations of known steroidal estrogens (r2 = 0.890). Overall, activity indicative of multiple types of endocrine active compounds was highest in wastewater effluent samples, while activity downstream was progressively lower, and negligible in unfinished treated drinking water. Not only was estrogenic and glucocorticoid activity confirmed in the effluent by utilizing multiple methods concurrently, but other activated signaling networks that historically received less attention (i.e. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Medlock Kakaley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - David J Feifarek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Susan T Glassmeyer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - L Earl Gray
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Phillip C Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Marc A Mills
- U.S Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, United States of America
| | - Vickie S Wilson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America.
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Zhang X, Chen N, Sheng H, Ip C, Yang L, Chen Y, Sang Z, Tadesse T, Lim TPY, Rajabifard A, Bueti C, Zeng L, Wardlow B, Wang S, Tang S, Xiong Z, Li D, Niyogi D. Urban drought challenge to 2030 sustainable development goals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133536. [PMID: 31374498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the first two decades of the 21st century, 79 global big cities have suffered extensively from drought disaster. Meanwhile, climate change has magnified urban drought in both frequency and severity, putting tremendous pressure on a city's water supply. Therefore, tackling the challenges of urban drought is an integral part of achieving the targets set in at least 5 different Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Yet, the current literatures on drought have not placed sufficient emphasis on urban drought challenge in achieving the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This review is intended to fill this knowledge gap by identifying the key concepts behind urban drought, including the definition, occurrence, characteristics, formation, and impacts. Then, four sub-categories of urban drought are proposed, including precipitation-induced, runoff-induced, pollution-induced, and demand-induced urban droughts. These sub-categories can support city stakeholders in taking drought mitigation actions and advancing the following SDGs: SDG 6 "Clean water and sanitation", SDG 11 "Sustainable cities and communities", SDG 12 "Responsible production and consumption", SDG 13 "Climate actions", and SDG 15 "Life on land". To further support cities in taking concrete actions in reaching the listed SDGs, this perspective proposes five actions that city stakeholders can undertake in enhancing drought resilience and preparedness:1) Raising public awareness on water right and water saving; 2) Fostering flexible reliable, and integrated urban water supply; 3) Improving efficiency of urban water management; 4) Investing in sustainability science research for urban drought; and 5) Strengthening resilience efforts via international cooperation. In short, this review contains a wealth of insights on urban drought and highlights the intrinsic connections between drought resilience and the 2030 SDGs. It also proposes five action steps for policymakers and city stakeholders that would support them in taking the first step to combat and mitigate the impacts of urban droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Nengcheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Hao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chris Ip
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
| | - Long Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Centre for SDIs and Land Administration (CSDILA), Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ziqin Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Technologies and Networks, China Information Communication Technologies Group Corporation, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tsegaye Tadesse
- National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Tania Pei Yee Lim
- United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Abbas Rajabifard
- Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Centre for SDIs and Land Administration (CSDILA), Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Cristina Bueti
- International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
| | - Linglin Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Brian Wardlow
- National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shiyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Deren Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Dev Niyogi
- Department of Agronomy-Crops, Soil, Environmental Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Berninger JP, DeMarini DM, Warren SH, Simmons JE, Wilson VS, Conley JM, Armstrong MD, Iwanowicz LR, Kolpin DW, Kuivila KM, Reilly TJ, Romanok KM, Villeneuve DL, Bradley PM. Predictive Analysis Using Chemical-Gene Interaction Networks Consistent with Observed Endocrine Activity and Mutagenicity of U.S. Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8611-8620. [PMID: 31287672 PMCID: PMC6770991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a recent U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study assessing more than 700 organic compounds in 38 streams, in vitro assays indicated generally low estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptor activities, with 13 surface waters with 17β-estradiol-equivalent (E2Eq) activities greater than a 1-ng/L estimated effects-based trigger value for estrogenic effects in male fish. Among the 36 samples assayed for mutagenicity in the Salmonella bioassay (reported here), 25% had low mutagenic activity and 75% were not mutagenic. Endocrine and mutagenic activities of the water samples were well correlated with each other and with the total number and cumulative concentrations of detected chemical contaminants. To test the predictive utility of knowledge-base-leveraging approaches, site-specific predicted chemical-gene (pCGA) and predicted analogous pathway-linked (pPLA) association networks identified in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database were compared with observed endocrine/mutagenic bioactivities. We evaluated pCGA/pPLA patterns among sites by cluster analysis and principal component analysis and grouped the pPLA into broad mode-of-action classes. Measured E2eq and mutagenic activities correlated well with predicted pathways. The pPLA analysis also revealed correlations with signaling, metabolic, and regulatory groups, suggesting that other effects pathways may be associated with chemical contaminants in these waters and indicating the need for broader bioassay coverage to assess potential adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Berninger
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - David M. DeMarini
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Sarah H. Warren
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jane Ellen Simmons
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Vickie S. Wilson
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Justin M. Conley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Mikayla D. Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Luke R. Iwanowicz
- Leetown Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, United States
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- Central Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Kuivila
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Timothy J. Reilly
- New Jersey Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Kristin M. Romanok
- New Jersey Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Paul M. Bradley
- South Atlantic Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
- Corresponding author: Phone 803-727-9046;
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Zinabu E, Kelderman P, van der Kwast J, Irvine K. Monitoring river water and sediments within a changing Ethiopian catchment to support sustainable development. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:455. [PMID: 31227917 PMCID: PMC6588641 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In many sub-Saharan states, despite governments' awareness campaigns highlighting potential impacts of aquatic pollution, there is a very limited action to protect the riverine systems. Managing the quality of water and sediments needs knowledge of pollutants, agreed standards, and relevant policy framework supporting monitoring and regulation. This study reports metal concentrations in rivers in industrializing Ethiopia. The study also highlights policy and capacity gaps in monitoring of river and sediments. For two sampling periods in 2013 and 2014, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) were monitored in water and sediments of the Leyole and Worka rivers in the Kombolcha city, Ethiopia. The sampling results were compared with international guidelines and evaluated against the Ethiopian water protection policies. Chromium was high in the Leyole river water (median 2660 μg/L) and sediments (maximum 740 mg/kg), Cu concentrations in the river water was highest at the midstream part of the Leyole river (median 63 μg/L), but maximum sediment content of 417 mg/kg was found further upstream. Zinc was the highest in the upstream part of the Leyole river water (median 521 μg/L) and sediments (maximum 36,600 mg/kg). Pb concentrations were low in both rivers. For the sediments, relatively higher Pb concentrations (maximum 3640 mg/kg) were found in the upstream of the Leyole river. Except for Pb, the concentrations of all metals surpassed the guidelines for aquatic life, human, livestock, and irrigation water supplies. The median concentrations of all metals exceeded guidelines for sediment quality for aquatic organisms. In Ethiopia, poor technical and financial capabilities restrict monitoring of rivers and sediments and understanding on the effects of pollutants. The guidelines used to protect water quality is based on the World Health Organization standards for drinking water quality, but this is not designed for monitoring ecological health. Further development of water quality standards and locally relevant monitoring framework are needed. Development of monitoring protocols and institutional capacities are important to overcome the policy gaps and support the government's ambition in increasing industrialization and agricultural intensification. Failure to do so presents high risks for the public and the river ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zinabu
- IHE Delft, P.O. Box 3015, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands.
- Wollo University, P.O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - P Kelderman
- IHE Delft, P.O. Box 3015, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Irvine
- IHE Delft, P.O. Box 3015, 2601, DA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Casado J, Brigden K, Santillo D, Johnston P. Screening of pesticides and veterinary drugs in small streams in the European Union by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:1204-1225. [PMID: 31018436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Water samples from 29 small waterways located in 10 different countries in the European Union were screened for the presence of a large number of pesticides (275) and veterinary drugs (101). Solid phase extraction was combined with liquid chromatography coupled to Orbitrap high resolution tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the levels of pesticides in the samples and to detect the presence of veterinary drugs. All the sampled European rivers and canals included in this investigation were contaminated with mixtures of pesticides and, in most of the cases, with several veterinary drugs at the time of sampling, without a clear national or regional pattern. In total, 103 different pesticides, 24 of them banned in the EU, and 21 veterinary drugs were found in the analysed samples. Herbicides were the main contributor to the total amount of pesticides found in the samples, with terbuthylazine present in all the samples. The maximum individual concentration recorded was of dimethenamid at 59.85 μg L-1. The maximum combined pesticide concentration was found in a sample from the Wulfdambeek canal, Belgium, with 94.02 μg L-1 comprised of a mixture of 70 different pesticides. European regulatory standards defining acceptable concentration levels were exceeded for at least one pesticide in 13 of the 29 samples analysed, with the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and clothianidin most frequently present above such limits. The majority of the veterinary drugs detected were antimicrobials, most being antibiotics. The β-lactam antibiotic dicloxacillin was present in two thirds of the analysed samples. The application of this consistent research approach across Europe allowed the identification of a significant threat to the aquatic environment associated with pesticide contamination, and in some cases veterinary drugs, at the time of sampling in the water bodies tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Casado
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Innovation Centre Phase 2, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Brigden
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Innovation Centre Phase 2, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - David Santillo
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Innovation Centre Phase 2, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Johnston
- Greenpeace Research Laboratories, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Innovation Centre Phase 2, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Ruttkies C, Schymanski EL, Strehmel N, Hollender J, Neumann S, Williams AJ, Krauss M. Supporting non-target identification by adding hydrogen deuterium exchange MS/MS capabilities to MetFrag. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4683-4700. [PMID: 31209548 PMCID: PMC6611743 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) is increasingly popular for the non-targeted exploration of complex samples, where tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is used to characterize the structure of unknown compounds. However, mass spectra do not always contain sufficient information to unequivocally identify the correct structure. This study investigated how much additional information can be gained using hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments. The exchange of “easily exchangeable” hydrogen atoms (connected to heteroatoms), with predominantly [M+D]+ ions in positive mode and [M-D]− in negative mode was observed. To enable high-throughput processing, new scoring terms were incorporated into the in silico fragmenter MetFrag. These were initially developed on small datasets and then tested on 762 compounds of environmental interest. Pairs of spectra (normal and deuterated) were found for 593 of these substances (506 positive mode, 155 negative mode spectra). The new scoring terms resulted in 29 additional correct identifications (78 vs 49) for positive mode and an increase in top 10 rankings from 80 to 106 in negative mode. Compounds with dual functionality (polar head group, long apolar tail) exhibited dramatic retention time (RT) shifts of up to several minutes, compared with an average 0.04 min RT shift. For a smaller dataset of 80 metabolites, top 10 rankings improved from 13 to 24 (positive mode, 57 spectra) and from 14 to 31 (negative mode, 63 spectra) when including HDX information. The results of standard measurements were confirmed using targets and tentatively identified surfactant species in an environmental sample collected from the river Danube near Novi Sad (Serbia). The changes to MetFrag have been integrated into the command line version available at http://c-ruttkies.github.io/MetFrag and all resulting spectra and compounds are available in online resources and in the Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM). Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ruttkies
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg. .,Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Nadine Strehmel
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Department of Stress and Developmental Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120, Halle, Germany.,iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher, Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antony J Williams
- National Centre for Computational Toxicity (NCCT), United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Martin Krauss
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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Starling MCVM, Amorim CC, Leão MMD. Occurrence, control and fate of contaminants of emerging concern in environmental compartments in Brazil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:17-36. [PMID: 29728279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This is the first review to present data obtained in Brazil over the years regarding contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) and to contrast it with contamination in other countries. Data gathered indicated that caffeine, paracetamol, atenolol, ibuprofen, cephalexin and bisphenol A occur in the μg L-1 range in streams near urban areas. While endocrine disruptors are frequently detected in surface waters, highest concentrations account for 17α-ethynylestradiol and 17β-estradiol. Organochlorine pesticides are the most frequently found and persistent in sediments in agricultural regions. Moreover, in tropical agricultural fields, pesticide volatilization and its implications to ecosystem protection must be better investigated. The reality represented here for Brazil may be transposed to other developing countries due to similarities related to primitive basic sanitation infrastructure and economic and social contexts, which contribute to continuous environmental contamination by CEC. Municipal wastewater treatment facilities in Brazil, treat up to the secondary stage and lead to limited CEC removal. This is also true for other nations in Latin America, such as Argentina, Colombia and Mexico. Therefore, it is an urgent priority to improve sanitation infrastructure and, then, the implementation of tertiary treatment shall be imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara V M Starling
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901
| | - Camila C Amorim
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901.
| | - Mônica Maria D Leão
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Research Group on Environmental Applications of Advanced Oxidation Processes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, 31270-901
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Alygizakis NA, Besselink H, Paulus GK, Oswald P, Hornstra LM, Oswaldova M, Medema G, Thomaidis NS, Behnisch PA, Slobodnik J. Characterization of wastewater effluents in the Danube River Basin with chemical screening, in vitro bioassays and antibiotic resistant genes analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:420-429. [PMID: 30959307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Averaged 7-day composite effluent wastewater samples from twelve wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in nine countries (Romania, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria, Germany) in the Danube River Basin were collected. WWTPs' selection was based on countries' dominant technology and a number of served population with the aim to get a representative holistic view of the pollution status. Samples were analyzed for 2248 chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) by wide-scope target screening employing LC-ESI-QTOF-MS. 280 compounds were detected at least in one sample and quantified. Spatial differences in the concentrations and distribution of the compounds classes were discussed. Additionally, samples were analyzed for the possible agonistic/antagonistic potencies using a panel of in vitro transactivation reporter gene CALUX® bioassays including ERα (estrogenics), anti-AR (anti-androgens), GR (glucocorticoids), anti-PR (anti-progestins), PPARα and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferators) and PAH assays. The potency of the wastewater samples to cause oxidative stress and induce xenobiotic metabolism was determined using the Nrf2 and PXR CALUX® bioassays, respectively. The signals from each of the bioassays were compared with the recently developed effect-based trigger values (EBTs) and thus allowed for allocating the wastewater effluents into four categories based on their measured toxicity, proposing a putative action plan for wastewater operators. Moreover, samples were analyzed for antibiotics and 13 antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and one mobile genetic element (intl1) with the aim to assess the potential for antibiotic resistance. All data collected from these various types of analysis were stored in an on-line database and can be viewed via interactive map at https://norman-data.eu/EWW_DANUBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriela K Paulus
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Water Management, Faculty Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Oswald
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Luc M Hornstra
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gertjan Medema
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Water Management, Faculty Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Peter A Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Water and health: From environmental pressures to integrated responses. Acta Trop 2019; 193:217-226. [PMID: 30857860 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The water-related exposome is a significant determinant of human health. The disease burden through water results from water-associated communicable and non-communicable diseases and is influenced by water pollution with chemicals, solid waste (mainly plastics), pathogens, insects and other disease vectors. This paper analyses a range of water practitioner-driven health issues, including infectious diseases and chemical intoxication, using the conceptual framework of Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses (DPSIR), complemented with a selective literature review. Pressures in the environment result in changes in the State of the water body: chemical pollution, microbiological contamination and the presence of vectors. These and other health hazards affect the State of human health. The resulting Impacts in an exposed population or affected ecosystem, in turn incite Responses. Pathways from Drivers to Impacts are quite divergent for chemical pollution, microbiological contamination and the spread of antimicrobial resistance, in vectors of disease and for the combined effects of plastics. Potential Responses from the water sector, however, show remarkable similarities. Integrated water management interventions have the potential to address Drivers, Pressures, Impacts, and State of several health issues at the same time. Systematic and integrated planning and management of water resources, with an eye for human health, could contribute to reducing or preventing negative health impacts and enhancing the health benefits.
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Combination of In Situ Feeding Rate Experiments and Chemical Body Burden Analysis to Assess the Influence of Micropollutants in Wastewater on Gammarus pulex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050883. [PMID: 30862023 PMCID: PMC6427342 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge is one of the main sources of micropollutants within the aquatic environment. To reduce the risks for the aquatic environment, the reduction of the chemical load of wastewater treatment plant effluent is critical. Based on this need, additional treatment methods, such as ozonation, are currently being tested in several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In the present study, effects were investigated using in situ feeding experiments with Gammarus pulex and body burden analyses of frequently detected micropollutants which used a Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) multi-residue method to quantify internal concentrations in collected gammarids. Information obtained from these experiments complemented data from the chemical analysis of water samples and bioassays, which predominantly cover hydrophilic substances. When comparing up- and downstream feeding rates of Gammarus pulex for seven days, relative to the WWTPs, no significant acute effects were detected, although a slight trend of increased feeding rate downstream of the WWTP Aachen-Soers was observed. The chemical load released by the WWTP or at other points, or by diffuse sources, might be too low to lead to clear acute effects on G. pulex. However, some compounds found in wastewater are able to alter the microbial community on its leaves, leading to an increase in the feeding rate of G. pulex. Chemical analysis of internal concentrations of pollutants in the tissues of collected gammarids suggests a potential risk for chronic effects with the chemicals imidacloprid, thiacloprid, carbendazim, and 1H-benzotriazole when exceeding the critical toxic unit value of −3. This study has demonstrated that a combination of acute testing and measurement of the internal concentration of micropollutants that might lead to chronic effects is an efficient tool for investigating river systems, assuming all relevant factors (e.g., species or season) are taken into account.
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Bradley PM, Journey CA, Berninger JP, Button DT, Clark JM, Corsi SR, DeCicco LA, Hopkins KG, Huffman BJ, Nakagaki N, Norman JE, Nowell LH, Qi SL, VanMetre PC, Waite IR. Mixed-chemical exposure and predicted effects potential in wadeable southeastern USA streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:70-83. [PMID: 30469070 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Complex chemical mixtures have been widely reported in larger streams but relatively little work has been done to characterize them and assess their potential effects in headwater streams. In 2014, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) sampled 54 Piedmont streams over ten weeks and measured 475 unique organic compounds using five analytical methods. Maximum and median exposure conditions were evaluated in relation to watershed characteristics and for potential biological effects using multiple lines of evidence. Results demonstrate that mixed-contaminant exposures are ubiquitous and varied in sampled headwater streams. Approximately 56% (264) of the 475 compounds were detected at least once across all sites. Cumulative maximum concentrations ranged 1,922-162,346ngL-1 per site. Chemical occurrence significantly correlated to urban land use but was not related to presence/absence of wastewater treatment facility discharges. Designed bioactive chemicals represent about 2/3rd of chemicals detected, notably pharmaceuticals and pesticides, qualitative evidence for possible adverse biological effects. Comparative Toxicogenomics Database chemical-gene associations applied to maximum exposure conditions indicate >12,000 and 2,900 potential gene targets were predicted at least once across all sites for fish and invertebrates, respectively. Analysis of cumulative exposure-activity ratios provided additional evidence that, at a minimum, transient exposures with high probability of molecular effects to vertebrates were common. Finally, cumulative detections and concentrations correlated inversely with invertebrate metrics from in-stream surveys. The results demonstrate widespread instream exposure to extensive contaminant mixtures and compelling multiple lines of evidence for adverse effects on aquatic communities.
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Guo J, Deng D, Wang Y, Yu H, Shi W. Extended suspect screening strategy to identify characteristic toxicants in the discharge of a chemical industrial park based on toxicity to Daphnia magna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:10-17. [PMID: 30195126 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing amount of industrial wastewater being discharged and the numerous chemicals existed in, methods to identify toxicants in such complex matrices are urgently needed for source control and quality management. In vivo toxicity to Daphnia magna was evaluated in the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). An extended suspect screening strategy was performed by bioassay-directed fractionation, accompanied with suspect screening of 228 suspect chemicals in toxic fractions based on their mass characteristics and chromatography characteristics. A toxicity evaluation of the original samples, organic components extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the filtered samples showed that organic compounds extracted by SPE were the main toxic components. Four of the 26 fractions of the organic extracts exhibited a toxic unit (TU) > 1.0, with hydrophobic organic compounds contributing most to the toxicity. Twenty-eight of the 228 suspects were identified in four toxic fractions, with 53.6% of the suspects elucidated by spectrum interpretation based on mass characteristics and 53.8% more false positive suspects removed based on chromatography characteristics. Finally, 6 pollutants, including imazalil, prometryn, propiconazole, tebuconazole, buprofezin and diazinon, were further confirmed and explained 48.79% of the observed toxicity. With 2.48 times more of the toxicity explained and 90% of the labor saved, the extended suspect screening strategy enabled more efficient and reliable identification compared to traditional quantitative analysis and non-target screening, especially for identification of characteristic toxicants in complex environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Dongyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Blackwell BR, Ankley GT, Bradley PM, Houck KA, Makarov SS, Medvedev AV, Swintek J, Villeneuve DL. Potential Toxicity of Complex Mixtures in Surface Waters from a Nationwide Survey of United States Streams: Identifying in Vitro Bioactivities and Causative Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:973-983. [PMID: 30548063 PMCID: PMC6467772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
While chemical analysis of contaminant mixtures remains an essential component of environmental monitoring, bioactivity-based assessments using in vitro systems increasingly are used in the detection of biological effects. Historically, in vitro assessments focused on a few biological pathways, for example, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) or estrogen receptor (ER) activities. High-throughput screening (HTS) technologies have greatly increased the number of biological targets and processes that can be rapidly assessed. Here we screened extracts of surface waters from a nationwide survey of United States streams for bioactivities associated with 69 different end points using two multiplexed HTS assays. Bioactivity of extracts from 38 streams was evaluated and compared with concentrations of over 700 analytes to identify chemicals contributing to observed effects. Eleven primary biological end points were detected. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) and AhR-mediated activities were the most commonly detected. Measured chemicals did not completely account for AhR and PXR responses. Surface waters with AhR and PXR effects were associated with low intensity, developed land cover. Likewise, elevated bioactivities frequently associated with wastewater discharges included endocrine-related end points ER and glucocorticoid receptor. These results underscore the value of bioassay-based monitoring of environmental mixtures for detecting biological effects that could not be ascertained solely through chemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R. Blackwell
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
- Corresponding author: 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN 55804; ; T: (218) 529-5078; Fax: (218) 529-5003
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - Paul M. Bradley
- US Geological Survey, South Atlantic Water Science Center, 720 Gracern Rd, Columbia, SC, USA 29210
| | - Keith A. Houck
- US EPA, National Center for Computational Toxicology, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | | | | | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd, Duluth, MN, USA 55804
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Albergamo V, Blankert B, Cornelissen ER, Hofs B, Knibbe WJ, van der Meer W, de Voogt P. Removal of polar organic micropollutants by pilot-scale reverse osmosis drinking water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 148:535-545. [PMID: 30414537 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The robustness of reverse osmosis (RO) against polar organic micropollutants (MPs) was investigated in pilot-scale drinking water treatment. Experiments were carried in hypoxic conditions to treat a raw anaerobic riverbank filtrate spiked with a mixture of thirty model compounds. The chemicals were selected from scientific literature data based on their relevance for the quality of freshwater systems, RO permeate and drinking water. MPs passage and the influence of permeate flux were evaluated with a typical low-pressure RO membrane and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. A strong inverse correlation between size and passage of neutral hydrophilic compounds was observed. This correlation was weaker for moderately hydrophobic MPs. Anionic MPs displayed nearly no passage due to electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged membrane surface, whereas breakthrough of small cationic MPs could be observed. The passage figures observed for the investigated set of MPs ranged from less than 1%-25%. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between physicochemical properties and passage. The effects of permeate flux were more pronounced for small neutral MPs, which displayed a higher passage after a pressure drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Albergamo
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan Blankert
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Emile R Cornelissen
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore; Particle and Interfacial Technology Group, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bas Hofs
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Willem-Jan Knibbe
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Walter van der Meer
- Oasen Drinking Water Company, Postbus 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands; Membrane Science and Technology Group, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Voogt
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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47
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Dingemans MML, Baken KA, van der Oost R, Schriks M, van Wezel AP. Risk-based approach in the revised European Union drinking water legislation: Opportunities for bioanalytical tools. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2019; 15:126-134. [PMID: 30144268 PMCID: PMC7379647 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of in vitro bioassays are developed in the context of chemical risk assessment and clinical diagnostics to test effects on different biological processes. Such assays can also be implemented in effect-based monitoring (EBM) of (drinking) water quality alongside chemical analyses. Effects-based monitoring can provide insight into risks for the environment and human health associated with exposure to (unknown) complex, low-level mixtures of micropollutants, which fits in the risk-based approach that was recently introduced in the European Drinking Water Directive. Some challenges remain, in particular those related to selection and interpretation of bioassays. For water quality assessment, carcinogenesis, adverse effects on reproduction and development, effects on xenobiotic metabolism, modulation of hormone systems, DNA reactivity, and adaptive stress responses are considered the most relevant toxicological endpoints. An evaluation procedure of the applicability and performance of in vitro bioassays for water quality monitoring, based on existing information, has been developed, which can be expanded with guidelines for experimental evaluations. In addition, a methodology for the interpretation of in vitro monitoring data is required, because the sensitivity of specific in vitro bioassays in combination with sample concentration may lead to responses of chemicals (far) below exposure concentrations that are relevant for human health effects. Different approaches are proposed to derive effect-based trigger values (EBTs), including EBTs based on (1) relative ecotoxicity potency, (2) health-based threshold values for chronic exposure in humans and kinetics of reference chemicals, and (3) read-across from (drinking) water guideline values. Effects-based trigger values need to be chosen carefully in order to be sufficiently but not overly conservative to indicate potential health effects. Consensus on the crucial steps in the selection and interpretation of in vitro bioassay data will facilitate implementation and legal embedding in the context of water quality monitoring of such assays in EBM strategies. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:126-134. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ron van der Oost
- Waternet Institute for the Urban Water CycleAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research InstituteNieuwegeinThe Netherlands
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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48
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Babić S, Barišić J, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Lovrić M, Malev O, Martinović-Weigelt D, Čož-Rakovac R, Klobučar G. Assessment of river sediment toxicity: Combining empirical zebrafish embryotoxicity testing with in silico toxicity characterization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:435-450. [PMID: 29945079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative chemical analyses of 428 organic contaminants (OCs) indicated the presence of 313 OCs in the sediment extracts from Sava River, Croatia. Pharmaceuticals were present in higher concentrations than pesticides thus confirming their increasing threat to freshwater ecosystems. Toxicity evaluation of the sediment extracts from four locations (Jesenice, Rugvica, Galdovo and Lukavec) using zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) accompanied with semi-quantitative histopathological analyses exhibited correlation with cumulative number and concentrations of OCs at the investigated sites (10.05, 15.22, 1.25, and 9.13 μg/g respectively). Toxicity of sediment extracts and sediment was predicted using toxic unit (TU) approach and persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) ranking. Additionally, influential OCs and genes were identified by graph mining of the prior knowledge informed, site-specific chemical-gene interaction models. Predicted toxicity of sediment extracts (TUext) was similar to the results obtained by ZET and associated histopathology with Rugvica sediment being the most toxic, followed by Jesenice, Lukavec and Galdovo. Sediment TU (TUsed) favoured OCs with low octanol-water partition coefficients like herbicide glyphosate and antibiotics ciprofloxacin and sulfamethazine thus indicating locations containing higher concentrations of these OCs (Galdovo and Rugvica) as the most toxic. Results suggest that comprehensive in silico sediment toxicity predictions advocate providing equal attention to organic contaminants with either very low or very high log Kow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Babić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Barišić
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Draženka Stipaničev
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Repec
- Croatian Waters, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Lovrić
- Know-Center, Inffeldgasse 13/6, A-8010 Graz, Austria; NMR Centre, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Malev
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia; Department for Translational Medicine, Children's Hospital Srebrnjak, Srebrnjak 100, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dalma Martinović-Weigelt
- University of St. Thomas, Department of Biology, Mail OWS 390, 2115 Summit Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia; Centre of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting-BioProCro, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Göran Klobučar
- Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Croatia.
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49
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Sivula L, Vehniäinen ER, Karjalainen AK, Kukkonen JVK. Toxicity of biomining effluents to Daphnia magna: Acute toxicity and transcriptomic biomarkers. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:304-311. [PMID: 30005352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing metal consumption is driving the introduction of new techniques such as biomining to exploit low grade ores. The biomining impacts notably aquatic ecosystems, yet, the applicability of ecotoxicological tests to study the complex mixture effects of mining waters is insufficiently understood. The aim of the present work was to test if transcriptomic biomarkers are suitable and sensitive for the ecotoxicity assessment of biomining affected waters. The study site had been affected by a multimetal biomine, and the studied water samples formed a concentration gradient of contamination downstream from the biomining site. Cadmium and nickel were used as positive controls in the toxicity tests. Selected transcriptomic biomarkers, previously shown to be differentially regulated by metals, were used to evaluate the ecotoxicity of the water samples. Parallel samples were used to compare the transcriptomic biomarkers with the conventional acute D. magna toxicity test. In the acute test, one sample was acutely toxic to D. magna, when pH was adjusted according to the standard, whereas, in the native pH, three samples caused total immobility. Monooxygenase was up-regulated by the highest concentration of Cd in control samples and three of the water samples. Vtg-SOD was up-regulated by one of the water samples, and catalase by the second highest concentration of Cd. The results show that transcriptomic biomarkers in D. magna can be used as sensitive bioindicators for metal mixture toxicity assessment in complex environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Sivula
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Anna K Karjalainen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Jussi V K Kukkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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50
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Bopp SK, Barouki R, Brack W, Dalla Costa S, Dorne JLCM, Drakvik PE, Faust M, Karjalainen TK, Kephalopoulos S, van Klaveren J, Kolossa-Gehring M, Kortenkamp A, Lebret E, Lettieri T, Nørager S, Rüegg J, Tarazona JV, Trier X, van de Water B, van Gils J, Bergman Å. Current EU research activities on combined exposure to multiple chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 120:544-562. [PMID: 30170309 PMCID: PMC6192826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Humans and wildlife are exposed to an intractably large number of different combinations of chemicals via food, water, air, consumer products, and other media and sources. This raises concerns about their impact on public and environmental health. The risk assessment of chemicals for regulatory purposes mainly relies on the assessment of individual chemicals. If exposure to multiple chemicals is considered in a legislative framework, it is usually limited to chemicals falling within this framework and co-exposure to chemicals that are covered by a different regulatory framework is often neglected. Methodologies and guidance for assessing risks from combined exposure to multiple chemicals have been developed for different regulatory sectors, however, a harmonised, consistent approach for performing mixture risk assessments and management across different regulatory sectors is lacking. At the time of this publication, several EU research projects are running, funded by the current European Research and Innovation Programme Horizon 2020 or the Seventh Framework Programme. They aim at addressing knowledge gaps and developing methodologies to better assess chemical mixtures, by generating and making available internal and external exposure data, developing models for exposure assessment, developing tools for in silico and in vitro effect assessment to be applied in a tiered framework and for grouping of chemicals, as well as developing joint epidemiological-toxicological approaches for mixture risk assessment and for prioritising mixtures of concern. The projects EDC-MixRisk, EuroMix, EUToxRisk, HBM4EU and SOLUTIONS have started an exchange between the consortia, European Commission Services and EU Agencies, in order to identify where new methodologies have become available and where remaining gaps need to be further addressed. This paper maps how the different projects contribute to the data needs and assessment methodologies and identifies remaining challenges to be further addressed for the assessment of chemical mixtures.
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Key Words
- ao, adverse outcome
- aop, adverse outcome pathway
- bmd, benchmark dose modelling
- bqe, biological quality element
- ca, concentration addition
- cag, cumulative assessment group
- cmep, chemical monitoring and emerging pollutants
- cra, cumulative risk assessment
- dart, developmental and reproductive toxicity
- deb, dynamic energy budget
- ebt, effect-based tools
- edc, endocrine disrupting chemical
- eqs, environmental quality standard
- hbm, human biomonitoring
- ia, independent action
- iata, integrated approach to testing and assessment
- ipra, integrated probabilistic risk assessment
- ipsc, induced pluripotent stem cells
- loe, lines of evidence
- mcr, maximum cumulative ratio
- mcra, monte carlo risk assessment tool
- mec, measured exposure concentration
- moa, mode of action
- mra, mixture risk assessment
- msfd, marine strategy framework directive
- nam, new approach methodology
- pbtk, physiologically based toxicokinetic (model)
- pec, predicted exposure concentration
- pnec, predicted no effect concentration
- qsar, quantitative structure activity relationship
- rdt, repeated dose systemic toxicity
- tk, toxicokinetic
- smri, similar mixture risk indicator
- syrina, systematic review and integrated assessment
- ttc, threshold of toxicological concern
- wfd, water framework directive
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K Bopp
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Silvia Dalla Costa
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate B - Growth and Innovation, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Jean-Lou C M Dorne
- Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.
| | - Paula E Drakvik
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Michael Faust
- Faust & Backhaus Environmental Consulting, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Tuomo K Karjalainen
- European Commission, Directorate General Research and Innovation, Directorate E - Health, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Stylianos Kephalopoulos
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate F - Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Jacob van Klaveren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences - IRAS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy.
| | - Sofie Nørager
- European Commission, Directorate General Research and Innovation, Directorate E - Health, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Joëlle Rüegg
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden.
| | - Jose V Tarazona
- Pesticides Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.
| | - Xenia Trier
- European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bob van de Water
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Åke Bergman
- Swetox, Karolinska Institutet, Unit of Toxicology Sciences, Södertälje, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, MTM, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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