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Behnisch P, Besselink H, Suzuki G, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Lukas M, Wollenweber M, Wollenweber S, Hollert H, Kunisue T, Tue NM, Alijagic A, Larsson M, Engwall M, Ohno K, Brouwer A. Results of an international interlaboratory study on dioxin-like activities in drinking-, river surface- and wastewater using DR CALUX bioassay. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170759. [PMID: 38336065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic animals and consumers of aquatic animals are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of known and as-yet-unknown chemicals with dioxin-like toxicities in the water cycle. Effect- and cell-based bioanalysis can cover known and yet unknown dioxin and dioxin-like compounds as well as complex mixtures thereof but need to be standardized and integrated into international guidelines for environmental testing. In an international laboratory testing (ILT) following ISO/CD 24295 as standard procedure for rat cell-based DR CALUX un-spiked and spiked extracts of drinking-, surface-, and wastewater were validated to generate precision data for the development of the full ISO-standard. We found acceptable repeatability and reproducibility ranges below 36 % by DR CALUX bioassay for the tested un-spiked and spiked water of different origins. The presence of 17 PCDD/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs was also confirmed by congener-specific GC-HRMS analysis. We compared the sum of dioxin-like activity levels measured by DR CALUX bioassay (expressed in 2,3,7,8-TCDD Bioanalytical Equivalents, BEQ; ISO 23196, 2022) with the obtained GC-HRMS chemical analysis results converted to toxic equivalents (TEQ; van den Berg et al., 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Go Suzuki
- Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marcus Lukas
- Wastewater Analysis, Monitoring Methods, German Environment Agency (UBA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Wollenweber
- Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (GU), Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Simone Wollenweber
- Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (GU), Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Goethe University Frankfurt/Main (GU), Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 13, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University (ORU), SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University (ORU), SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM), School of Science and Technology, Örebro University (ORU), SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kayo Ohno
- Center of International Cooperation and Environmental Technologies of the Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry (JEMAI), 3-1, Uchisaiwaicho 1-chome Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam (VU), Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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de Schepper JKH, van Oorschot Y, Jaspers RJ, Hamers T, Lamoree MH, Behnisch P, Besselink H, Houtman CJ. The contribution of PFAS to thyroid hormone-displacing activity in Dutch waters: A comparison between two in vitro bioassays with chemical analysis. Environ Int 2023; 181:108256. [PMID: 37862862 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of xenobiotics that are widely distributed throughout the aquatic environment. Many PFAS are possible thyroid hormone (TH) system disrupting compounds, because they have the capacity to -amongst other- inhibit the TH thyroxine (T4) from binding to its transport protein transthyretin (TTR). This study investigated the occurrence of TH-displacing activity in the Dutch water cycle, and more specifically, the contribution of PFAS to this effect. Over one year of monitoring data of 29 PFAS (linear and branched) showed the continuous presence of PFAS in drinking waters and their surface water sources. Secondly, the FITC-T4 and TTR-TRβ-CALUX bioassays were mutually compared using positive (HPLC-grade water spiked with PFOA) and negative control samples (HPLC-grade water), as well as relative potency factors (RPFs) of up to 20 PFAS congeners. Both assays were found to be suitable for measuring TH-displacing activity in water samples. As a third aim, a field study was performed in the Dutch water cycle that was comprised of samples from drinking water, surface water, PFAS contaminated sites, and 2 wastewater treatment plants. All samples were analyzed with 1. chemical analysis for 29 PFAS, 2. the FITC-T4 bioassay, and 3. the TTR-TRβ-CALUX bioassay. The bioassays mutually showed good correlation (R2 0.85). Bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ) based on chemically-determined concentrations and RPFs (BEQchem) revealed that analyzed PFAS only explained ≤4.1 % of their activity in water extracts measured by both bioassays (BEQbio). This indicated that as yet unknown compounds contribute to the majority of the measured TH-displacing activity. Moreover, water treatment processes (e.g. DW production from SW) showed a larger contribution of target PFAS to the BEQbio. This could be a first lead to identify unknown compounds that contribute to this activity, and as such, enable the assessment of possible risks associated by the occurrence of TH-displacing activity in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K H de Schepper
- The Water Laboratory, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - R J Jaspers
- The Water Laboratory, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - T Hamers
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M H Lamoree
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C J Houtman
- The Water Laboratory, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Behnisch P, Petrlik J, Budin C, Besselink H, Felzel E, Strakova J, Bell L, Kuepouo G, Gharbi S, Bejarano F, Jensen GK, DiGangi J, Ismawati Y, Speranskaya O, Da M, Pulkrabova J, Gramblicka T, Brabcova K, Brouwer A. Global survey of dioxin- and thyroid hormone-like activities in consumer products and toys. Environ Int 2023; 178:108079. [PMID: 37453209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and consumers are exposed to increasingly complex mixtures of known and as-yet-unknown toxic chemicals from toys and products. However traditional chemical analysis methods only evaluate a small number of chemicals at a time thereby restricting consumer awareness of the full range of potentially harmful chemicals in products. METHODS We used high-throughput effect-based non-animal methods to investigate exposures to complex chemical mixtures of several kinds of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) for their dioxin- and thyroid hormone-like activities in various kinds of consumer products and toys from 26 different countries, on four continents (Africa, America, Asia and Europe) in combination with chemical analysis of various polybrominated flame retardants (BFRs) and their impurities (such as polyhalogenated PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs). RESULTS We found high levels of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in toys and now, for the first time, also in consumer products that are manufactured from black plastics containing certain brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The presence of PBDD/PBDFs as well as other BFRs in various black plastic materials from additional countries as well as additional kinds of consumer products as confirmed by effect-based in vitro reporter gene DR CALUX and TTR-TRβ CALUX assays as well as congener-specific chemical analysis. We compared total Toxicity Equivalent (TEQ) levels of PBDD/F-TEQs analysed by chemical analysis to by CALUX bioassay measured Biological equivalence (BEQ) concentrations (for further info see at ISO 23196, ISO, 2022). In the case of TBBPA, both chemical and TTR-TRβ CALUX analysis measure direct the amount of TBBPA. Finally, the daily ingestion of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents from PBDD/Fs-contaminated plastic toys by child mouthing habits have been related to our earlier study (Budin et al., 2020). CONCLUSIONS Interaction of children with such contaminated plastics may significantly contribute to the daily uptake of dioxin- and thyroid hormone transport disrupting-like compounds. Effect-based bioassays for dioxin- and thyroid hormone-like activities are relevant to pick-out such complex mixtures of known and yet unknown (and therefore not regulated) substances for safer and more sustainable plastics. Low POPs Content Levels and other mechanisms set under the Basel and Stockholm Conventions are set far too high to prevent a significant flow of BFRs and PBDD/Fs into consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jindrich Petrlik
- Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Seifertova 85, 13000 Prague, Czech Republic; International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Clemence Budin
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emiel Felzel
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jitka Strakova
- Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Seifertova 85, 13000 Prague, Czech Republic; International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lee Bell
- International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gilbert Kuepouo
- Centre de Recherche et d'Education pour le Développement (CREPD), 00000 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Semia Gharbi
- Association d'Education Environnementale pour les Futures Générations (AEEFG), 2070 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fernando Bejarano
- Red de Acción sobre Plaguicidas y Alternativas en México (RAPAM), 56120 San Juanito, Texcoco, Estado de México, México
| | - Génon K Jensen
- The Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), 1040 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph DiGangi
- International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN), 40010 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mao Da
- Shenzhen Zero Waste, 518000 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Gramblicka
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Brabcova
- Arnika, Toxics and Waste Programme, Seifertova 85, 13000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Reichstein IS, König M, Wojtysiak N, Escher BI, Henneberger L, Behnisch P, Besselink H, Thalmann B, Colas J, Hörchner S, Hollert H, Schiwy A. Replacing animal-derived components in in vitro test guidelines OECD 455 and 487. Sci Total Environ 2023; 868:161454. [PMID: 36638987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of single substances or environmental samples for their genotoxic or estrogenic potential is highly relevant for human- and environment-related risk assessment. To examine the effects on a mechanism-specific level, standardized cell-based in vitro methods are widely applied. However, these methods include animal-derived components like fetal bovine serum (FBS) or rat-derived liver homogenate fractions (S9-mixes), which are a source of variability, reduced assay reproducibility and ethical concerns. In our study, we evaluated the adaptation of the cell-based in vitro OECD test guidelines TG 487 (assessment of genotoxicity) and TG 455 (detection of estrogenic activity) to an animal-component-free methodology. Firstly, the human cell lines A549 (for OECD TG 487), ERα-CALUX® and GeneBLAzer™ ERα-UAS-bla GripTite™ (for OECD TG 455) were investigated for growth in a chemically defined medium without the addition of FBS. Secondly, the biotechnological S9-mix ewoS9R was implemented in comparison to the induced rat liver S9 to simulate in vivo metabolism capacities in both OECD test guidelines. As a model compound, Benzo[a]pyrene was used due to its increased genotoxicity and endocrine activity after metabolization. The metabolization of Benzo[a]Pyrene by S9-mixes was examined via chemical analysis. All cell lines (A549, ERα-CALUX® and GeneBLAzer™ Erα-UAS-bla GripTite™) were successfully cultivated in chemically defined media without FBS. The micronucleus assay could not be conducted in chemically defined medium due to formation of cell clusters. The methods for endocrine activity assessment could be conducted in chemically defined media or reduced FBS content, but with decreased assay sensitivity. The biotechnological ewoS9R showed potential to replace rat liver S9 in the micronucleus in FBS-medium with A549 cells and in the ERα-CALUX® assay in FBS- and chemically defined medium. Our study showed promising steps towards an animal-component free toxicity testing. After further improvements, the new methodology could lead to more reproducible and reliable results for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inska S Reichstein
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niklas Wojtysiak
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I Escher
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Julien Colas
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sarah Hörchner
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer IME, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schiwy
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Environmental Media Related Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer IME, Schmallenberg, Germany.
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Marin-Kuan M, Pagnotti V, Patin A, Moulin J, Latado H, Varela J, Hammel YA, Gude T, Moor H, Billinton N, Tate M, Behnisch PA, Besselink H, Burleigh-Flayer H, Koster S, Szabo DT. Interlaboratory Study to Evaluate a Testing Protocol for the Safety of Food Packaging Coatings. Toxics 2023; 11:156. [PMID: 36851031 PMCID: PMC9962921 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
According to European regulations, migration from food packaging must be safe. However, currently, there is no consensus on how to evaluate its safety, especially for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS). The intensive and laborious approach, involving identification and then quantification of all migrating substances followed by a toxicological evaluation, is not practical or feasible. In alignment with the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) and the European Union (EU) guidelines on packaging materials, efforts are focused on combining data from analytics, bioassays and in silico toxicology approaches for the risk assessment of packaging materials. Advancement of non-targeted screening approaches using both analytical methods and in vitro bioassays is key. A protocol was developed for the chemical and biological screening of migrants from coated metal packaging materials. This protocol includes guidance on sample preparation, migrant simulation, chemical analysis using liquid chromatography (LC-MS) and validated bioassays covering endocrine activity, genotoxicity and metabolism-related targets. An inter-laboratory study was set-up to evaluate the consistency in biological activity and analytical results generated between three independent laboratories applying the developed protocol and guidance. Coated packaging metal panels were used in this case study. In general, the inter-laboratory chemical analysis and bioassay results displayed acceptable consistency between laboratories, but technical differences led to different data interpretations (e.g., cytotoxicity, cell passages, chemical analysis). The study observations with the greatest impact on the quality of the data and ultimately resulting in discrepancies in the results are given and suggestions for improvement of the protocol are made (e.g., sample preparation, chemical analysis approaches). Finally, there was agreement on the need for an aligned protocol to be utilized by qualified laboratories for chemical and biological analyses, following best practices and guidance for packaging safety assessment of intentionally added substances (IAS) and NIAS to avoid inconsistency in data and the final interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Marin-Kuan
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Amaury Patin
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Moulin
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Helia Latado
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesús Varela
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yves-Alexis Hammel
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gude
- SQTS Swiss Quality Testing Services, 8953 Dietikon, Switzerland
| | - Heidi Moor
- SQTS Swiss Quality Testing Services, 8953 Dietikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew Tate
- Gentronix Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | | | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Koster
- Société des Produits Nestlé SA-Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Desalegn AA, Collet B, Iszatt N, Stigum H, Jensen TK, Jonker L, Besselink H, van der Burg B, Eggesbø M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in human breast milk and cryptorchidism: A case-control study within the prospective Norwegian HUMIS cohort. Environ Res 2022; 214:113861. [PMID: 35820657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of cryptorchidism remains poorly understood. Endocrine disrupting chemicals can impact estrogen signaling by interacting with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether AhR activity in breast milk samples is associated with cryptorchidism. METHOD We conducted a case-control study based on 199 mother-child pairs (n = 91 cases/108 controls) selected from the Norwegian Human Milk Study (2002-2009). We defined cases for cryptorchidism based on maternal reports at 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24- months after birth. Chemically- and biologically stable AhR activity (pg 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent (TEQ)/g lipid) was determined by DR- CALUX® assay in the mothers' milk collected at a median of 33 (10th-90th percentile: 18-57) days after delivery. We used multivariate logistic regression to compare AhR activity levels between cases and controls, and linear regression separately, to establish the relationship with the presence of 27 potential EDCs measured in breast milk and AhR activity. RESULTS The average estimated daily intake (EDI) of dioxin and (dioxin-like (dl)-compounds via breast milk is 33.7 ± 17.9 pg TEQ/kg bodyweight per day among Norwegian children. There were no significant differences in AhR activation in breast milk samples between cases with cryptorchidism and controls. Among the 27 chemicals measured in breast milk, AhR activity was (borderline) significantly associated with all dl-PCBs, three non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCBs (PCB-74, PCB-180, PCB-194) and two organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; HCB, β-HCH). No associations between AhR activity and brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) or poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). CONCLUSION No association between AhR activity and cryptorchidism was found among Norwegian boys. The average EDI of dioxin and dl-compounds in exclusively breastfed Norwegian infants remains above the safety threshold and, therefore requires further reduction measures. Consistent with a possible role in the observed AhR activity, all dl-PCBs were associated with AhR activity whereas the association was null for either PBDEs or PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Assefa Desalegn
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bérénice Collet
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-communicable Disease, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lydia Jonker
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway.
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7
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Reus A, de Baat M, Hoondert R, Shaikh SM, Houtman C, Giesen D, Hendriks G, Kuckelkorn J, Kuipers L, Pieters R, de Meyer E, van der Oost R, Besselink H, Behnisch P, Dingemans M. SOC-III-10 Effect-based monitoring of water quality and human health risk assessment of water in the circular economy. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Kienle C, Werner I, Fischer S, Lüthi C, Schifferli A, Besselink H, Langer M, McArdell CS, Vermeirssen ELM. Evaluation of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant with ozonation and different post-treatments using a broad range of in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Water Res 2022; 212:118084. [PMID: 35114528 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants present in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) after biological treatment are largely eliminated by effective advanced technologies such as ozonation. Discharge of contaminants into freshwater ecosystems can thus be minimized, while simultaneously protecting drinking water resources. However, ozonation can lead to reactive and potentially toxic transformation products. To remove these, the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment recommends additional "post-treatment" of ozonated WWTP effluent using sand filtration, but other treatments may be similarly effective. In this study, 48 h composite wastewater samples were collected before and after full-scale ozonation, and after post-treatments (full-scale sand filtration, pilot-scale fresh and pre-loaded granular activated carbon, and fixed and moving beds). Ecotoxicological tests were performed to quantify the changes in water quality following different treatment steps. These included standard in vitro bioassays for the detection of endocrine, genotoxic and mutagenic effects, as well as toxicity to green algae and bacteria, and flow-through in vivo bioassays using oligochaetes and early life stages of rainbow trout. Results show that ozonation reduced a number of ecotoxicological effects of biologically treated wastewater by 66 - 93%: It improved growth and photosynthesis of green algae, decreased toxicity to luminescent bacteria, reduced concentrations of hormonally active contaminants and significantly changed expression of biomarker genes in rainbow trout liver. Bioassay results showed that ozonation did not produce problematic levels of reaction products overall. Small increases in toxicity observed in a few samples were reduced or eliminated by post-treatments. However, only relatively fresh granular activated carbon (analyzed at 13,000 - 20,000 bed volumes) significantly reduced effects additionally (by up to 66%) compared to ozonation alone. Inhibition of algal photosynthesis, rainbow trout liver histopathology and biomarker gene expression proved to be sufficiently sensitive endpoints to detect the change in water quality achieved by post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Kienle
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Fischer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christina Lüthi
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Schifferli
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Langer
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christa S McArdell
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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9
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Behnisch PA, Besselink H, Weber R, Willand W, Huang J, Brouwer A. Developing potency factors for thyroid hormone disruption by PFASs using TTR-TRβ CALUX® bioassay and assessment of PFASs mixtures in technical products. Environ Int 2021; 157:106791. [PMID: 34364217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decade, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have become one of the most heavily investigated persistent organohalogen compound class of environmental concern. However, knowledge about their toxicology is still scarce, although PFASs as individual compounds and their industrial mixtures were shown to exert effects on the thyroid hormone system. METHODS In vitro toxicity potency factors were established for thyroid hormone transport disruption potential using the novel TTR-TRβ CALUX® bioassay for major PFASs. We assessed technical PFASs mixtures, including aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) surfactants and chromium mist suppressants (CMS) applications with and without total oxidizable precursor (TOP) by TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay for their thyroid hormone transport disrupting potential. RESULTS All PFASs listed in the German guideline for drinking water (German Environment Agency, 2017) affected the T4 binding to TTR, an important plasma thyroid hormone transport protein. For all tested PFASs, potency factors based on PC80 values relative to PFOA could be obtained and ranged between PFBA (0.0018) and PFOS (2.0). Applying in vitro potency factors obtained from the present in vitro TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay study and recently reported in vivo potency factors (Zeilmaker et al., 2018; Bil et al., 2021) on the above-mentioned German guideline for PFAS in drinking water, showed that the cumulative effect-based trigger values (in vivo and in vitro) are comparable (3.0 vs. 2.9 to 4.6 μg PFOA-EQ/l). Additionally, AFFF surfactants and CMS with and without TOP assay were tested. Highest activities were found in the older AFFF surfactants (2013/2014) due to higher PFOS/PFOA levels, which were already substituted with 6:2 FTS in 2019, resulting in much lower PFOA-EQ levels. As expected also the PFOA-EQ levels increased in the samples with TOP treatment compared to the original AFFF surfactants and CMS as confirmed here by biological and chemical PFOA-equivalents (PFOA-EQ) analysis. Additionally, CMS (which have been used in the electroplating chromium industry since the 1950s) as well as PFOS-free, but not PFAS-free fume suppressants (such as Fumetrol® 21) have been tested in the TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay and showed much lower activity levels then the AFFFs, confirmed by the similar potency determination based on chemical PFASs analysis followed by transformation to PFOA-EQ for comparison. The potency factor of 6:2 FTS, which is the main substitute for PFOS in CMS, indicates that it is approximately 100-times less potent as a thyroid hormone disruptor as compared to PFOS. CONCLUSION Potency factors based on PC80 values from TTR-TRβ CALUX® relative to PFOA have been developed for major PFASs. In AFFF surfactants and CMS a trend of higher activities with higher amounts of PFOS and PFOA have been found. PFOA and PFOS showed high responses in the TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay and had the largest contributions to the PFOA-EQs in the AFFF surfactants and CMS applications. Using potency factors as determined in the TTR-TRβ CALUX® to convert PFASs assessed by chemical analysis to PFOA-EQ led to comparable results as compared to the results from PFASs measured directly by the TTR-TRβ CALUX® assay. This study supports the claim that semiquantitative effect- and group-based in vitro CALUX bioanalysis tools can be applied effectively to assess industrial products containing complex mixtures with PFAS compounds for which no instrumental analysis are established, and for many compounds where in vitro toxicity data are not yet available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststrasse 23, 73527 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Wolfram Willand
- IUW International Consultant on Integrated Environmental Protection and POPs, Hochfirstweg 12, 79853 Lenzkirch, Germany
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control (BKLEOC), Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies (BLEFT), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems B.V. (BDS), Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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10
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Liberatori G, Cotugno P, Sturba L, Vannuccini ML, Capasso G, Velardo R, Besselink H, Massari F, Tursi A, Corbelli V, Behnisch PA, Corsi I. Occurrence and spatial distribution of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in topsoil of Taranto (Apulia, Italy) by GC-MS analysis and DR-CALUX® bioassay. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130576. [PMID: 33894519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence and spatial distribution of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like compounds in topsoils of Taranto (Apulia Region), one of the most heavily industrialized and contaminated area of Southern Italy. A combined approach of chemical analysis by GC-MS/MS and AhR reporter gene bioassay was applied in a subset of topsoil samples (n = 20) collected in 2017-18 from ten sites embracing three levels of risk (from high to low) in the framework of a large survey inside Taranto municipality. TCDD-BEQs and GC-MS/MS TEQWHO and TEQTHEORETICAL revealed a decreasing trend with the distance from main industrial settings and landfill areas. A strong correlation between TCDD-BEQs and TEQWHO values (R2 = 0.85) and TEQTHEORETICAL (R2 = 0.88) was also found. In 3 out of 10 topsoil investigated, BEQs and TEQWHO/THEORETICAL resulted above Italian National Regulatory Limits for ∑PCDD/Fs in green, private and recreational used soils (10 ng TEQ/kg d.w. D.Lgs 152/2006) and for ∑PCDD/F/dl-PCBs in agricultural and farming soil (6 ng TEQ/kg d.w. D.M. 46/2019). GC-MS/MS pattern revealed the highest prevalence of dl-PCBs in 6 out of 10 sites, followed by PCDFs and PCDDs. Those sites are all located in proximity of main industrial steel and iron ore sinter plant, steel plant's landfills and illegal dumping sites. An update on occurrence and spatial distribution of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs contamination of Taranto urban soils was obtained and the DR-CALUX® bioassay was further recommended as a suitable screening tool for environmental and human risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Liberatori
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Pietro Cotugno
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Sturba
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Vannuccini
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gennaro Capasso
- Special Commissioner for Urgent Intervention for Remediation, Environmental Enhancement and Upgrading of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Raffaele Velardo
- Special Commissioner for Urgent Intervention for Remediation, Environmental Enhancement and Upgrading of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | | | - Federica Massari
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Tursi
- Department of Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vera Corbelli
- Special Commissioner for Urgent Intervention for Remediation, Environmental Enhancement and Upgrading of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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11
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Budin C, Besselink H, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Man HY, van der Burg B, Brouwer A. Induction of AhR transactivation by PBDD/Fs and PCDD/Fs using a novel human-relevant, high-throughput DR human CALUX reporter gene assay. Chemosphere 2021; 263:128086. [PMID: 33297084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are highly toxic contaminants that are strictly regulated and monitored in the environment and food to reduce human exposure. Recently, the increasing occurrence of polybrominated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in the environment is raising concerns about the impact on human health by the combined exposure to chlorinated and brominated analogues of dioxins. Toxicological properties of PBDD/Fs relative to PCDD/Fs have not been firmly established, and brominated dioxins are not included in routine monitoring programs. In this study, we set out to determine human-relevant congener-specific potency values for a range of brominated and chlorinated dioxin congeners, based on their aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated mode of toxic action. Transactivation of the AhR was measured using dioxin-responsive (DR) CALUX reporter gene assays. Because of known species-differences in dioxin-mediated toxicity, we developed and used a HepG2 human liver cell-based DR human CALUX assay that is a variant of the rodent-based DR CALUX. The assay was found to be highly inducible and stable, with low variations between independent measurements. Using both DR CALUX assays in an automated high-throughput mode we found that overall PBDD/Fs were as potent as PCDD/Fs in inducing AhR transactivation, but congener-specific differences were observed. We also observed species-specific differences in sensitivity and potency when comparing DR human REP values to those obtained in the rat-based DR CALUX. Finally, we observed significant differences between WHO-TEF values and DR human REP values, suggesting that actual WHO-TEF values may underestimate the hazards associated with exposure of humans to dioxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Budin
- VU Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan, 1080HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hai-Yen Man
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- VU Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan, 1080HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Beretsou VG, Michael-Kordatou I, Michael C, Santoro D, El-Halwagy M, Jäger T, Besselink H, Schwartz T, Fatta-Kassinos D. A chemical, microbiological and (eco)toxicological scheme to understand the efficiency of UV-C/H 2O 2 oxidation on antibiotic-related microcontaminants in treated urban wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2020; 744:140835. [PMID: 32721672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An assessment comprising chemical, microbiological and (eco)toxicological parameters of antibiotic-related microcontaminants, during the application of UV-C/H2O2 oxidation in secondary-treated urban wastewater, is presented. The process was investigated at bench scale under different oxidant doses (0-50 mg L-1) with regard to its capacity to degrade a mixture of antibiotics (i.e. ampicillin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim) with an initial individual concentration of 100 μg L-1. The process was optimized with respect to the oxidant dose. Under the optimum conditions, the inactivation of selected bacteria and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) (i.e. faecal coliforms, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonasaeruginosa and total heterotrophs), and the reduction of the abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (e.g. blaOXA, qnrS, sul1, tetM) were investigated. Also, phytotoxicity against three plant species, ecotoxicity against Daphnia magna, genotoxicity, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity were assessed. Apart from chemical actinometry, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling was applied to estimate the fluence rate. For the given wastewater quality and photoreactor type used, 40 mg L-1 H2O2 were required for the complete degradation of the studied antibiotics after 18.9 J cm-2. Total bacteria and ARB inactivation was observed at UV doses <1.5 J cm-2 with no bacterial regrowth being observed after 24 h. The abundance of most ARGs was reduced at 16 J cm-2. The process produced a final effluent with lower phytotoxicity compared to the untreated wastewater. The toxicity against Daphnia magna was shown to increase during the chemical oxidation. Although genotoxicity and oxidative stress fluctuated during the treatment, the latter led to the removal of these effects. Overall, it was made apparent from the high UV fluence required, that the particular reactor although extensively used in similar studies, it does not utilize efficiently the incident radiation and thus, seems not to be suitable for this kind of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Irene Michael-Kordatou
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | - Thomas Jäger
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schwartz
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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13
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Collet B, Simon E, van der Linden S, el Abdellaoui N, Naderman M, Man HY, Middelhof I, van der Burg B, Besselink H, Brouwer A. Evaluation of a panel of in vitro methods for assessing thyroid receptor β and transthyretin transporter disrupting activities. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:432-444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Budin C, Petrlik J, Strakova J, Hamm S, Beeler B, Behnisch P, Besselink H, van der Burg B, Brouwer A. Detection of high PBDD/Fs levels and dioxin-like activity in toys using a combination of GC-HRMS, rat-based and human-based DR CALUX® reporter gene assays. Chemosphere 2020; 251:126579. [PMID: 32443226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) are increasingly reported at significant levels in various matrices, including consumer goods that are manufactured from plastics containing certain brominated flame retardants. PBDD/Fs are known ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) but are not yet considered in the hazard assessment of dioxin mixtures. The aim of the present study was to determine if PBDD/Fs levels present in plastic constituents of toys could pose a threat to children's health. PBDD/Fs, unlike their chlorinated counterparts (PCDD/Fs), have not been officially assigned toxic equivalence factors (TEFs) by the WHO therefore, we determined their relative potency towards AhR activation in both human and rodent cell-based DR CALUX® bioassays. This allowed us to compare GC-HRMS PBDD/F congener levels, converted to total Toxic Equivalents (TEQ) by using the PCDD/F TEFs, to CALUX Bioanalytical Equivalents (BEQ) levels present in contaminated plastic constituents from children's toys. Finally, an estimate was made of the daily ingestion of TEQs from PBDD/Fs-contaminated plastic toys by child mouthing habits. It is observed that the daily ingestion of PBDD/Fs from contaminated plastic toys may significantly contribute to the total dioxin daily intake of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Budin
- VU Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan, 1080HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jindrich Petrlik
- Arnika - Toxics and Waste Programme, Delnicka 13, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jitka Strakova
- Arnika - Toxics and Waste Programme, Delnicka 13, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stephan Hamm
- Mas |münsteranalytical solutions gmbh, Wilhelm-Schickard-Strasse 5, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Peter Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- VU Amsterdam, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology, De Boelelaan, 1080HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Janssens TKS, Tyc O, Besselink H, de Boer W, Garbeva P. Biological activities associated with the volatile compound 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5304172. [PMID: 30698709 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazines are 1,4-diazabenzene-based volatile organic compounds and known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine, produced by Paenibacillus sp. AD87 during co-culture with Burkholderia sp. AD24. In addition, we were using transcriptional reporter assays in E. coli and mammalian cells to decipher the possible mode of action. Bacterial and mammalian luciferase reporter strains were deployed to elucidate antimicrobial and toxicological effects of 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine. At high levels of exposure, 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine exerted strong DNA damage response. At lower concentrations, cell-wall damage response was observed. The activity was corroborated by a general toxicity reporter assay in E. coli ΔampD, defective in peptidoglycan turnover. The maximum E. coli cell-wall stress activity was measured at a concentration close to the onset of the mammalian cytotoxicity, while other adverse outcome pathways, such as the activation of aryl hydrocarbon and estrogenic receptor, the p53 tumour suppressor and the oxidative stress-related Nrf2 transcription factor, were induced at elevated concentrations compared to the response of mammalian cells. Because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity at lower concentrations and the relatively low mammalian toxicity, 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine is a potential bio-based fumigant with possible applications in food industry, agriculture or logistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry K S Janssens
- MicroLife Solutions B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Endemic and Emerging Viruses section, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 37221 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf Tyc
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO BOX 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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16
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Coulet M, Latado H, Moser M, Besselink H, Tate M, Minetto F, Cottet Fontannaz C, Serrant P, Mollergues J, Piguet D, Schilter B, Marin-Kuan M. Use of in vitro bioassays to facilitate read-across assessment of nitrogen substituted heterocycle analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:281-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Alygizakis NA, Besselink H, Paulus GK, Oswald P, Hornstra LM, Oswaldova M, Medema G, Thomaidis NS, Behnisch PA, Slobodnik J. Characterization of wastewater effluents in the Danube River Basin with chemical screening, in vitro bioassays and antibiotic resistant genes analysis. Environ Int 2019; 127:420-429. [PMID: 30959307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Averaged 7-day composite effluent wastewater samples from twelve wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in nine countries (Romania, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria, Germany) in the Danube River Basin were collected. WWTPs' selection was based on countries' dominant technology and a number of served population with the aim to get a representative holistic view of the pollution status. Samples were analyzed for 2248 chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) by wide-scope target screening employing LC-ESI-QTOF-MS. 280 compounds were detected at least in one sample and quantified. Spatial differences in the concentrations and distribution of the compounds classes were discussed. Additionally, samples were analyzed for the possible agonistic/antagonistic potencies using a panel of in vitro transactivation reporter gene CALUX® bioassays including ERα (estrogenics), anti-AR (anti-androgens), GR (glucocorticoids), anti-PR (anti-progestins), PPARα and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferators) and PAH assays. The potency of the wastewater samples to cause oxidative stress and induce xenobiotic metabolism was determined using the Nrf2 and PXR CALUX® bioassays, respectively. The signals from each of the bioassays were compared with the recently developed effect-based trigger values (EBTs) and thus allowed for allocating the wastewater effluents into four categories based on their measured toxicity, proposing a putative action plan for wastewater operators. Moreover, samples were analyzed for antibiotics and 13 antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and one mobile genetic element (intl1) with the aim to assess the potential for antibiotic resistance. All data collected from these various types of analysis were stored in an on-line database and can be viewed via interactive map at https://norman-data.eu/EWW_DANUBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikiforos A Alygizakis
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gabriela K Paulus
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Water Management, Faculty Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Oswald
- Environmental Institute, Okružná 784/42, 97241 Koš, Slovak Republic
| | - Luc M Hornstra
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gertjan Medema
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Water Management, Faculty Civil Engineering & Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Peter A Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Durward-Akhurst SA, Schultz NE, Norton EM, Rendahl AK, Besselink H, Behnisch PA, Brouwer A, Geor RJ, Mickelson JR, McCue ME. Associations between endocrine disrupting chemicals and equine metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Chemosphere 2019; 218:652-661. [PMID: 30502704 PMCID: PMC6347404 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is characterized by abnormalities in insulin regulation, increased adiposity and laminitis, and has several similarities to human metabolic syndrome. A large amount of environmental variability in the EMS phenotype is not explained by commonly measured factors (diet, exercise, and season), suggesting that other environmental factors play a role in EMS development. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are associated with metabolic syndrome and other endocrine abnormalities in humans. This led us to hypothesize that EDCs are detectable in horse plasma and play a role in the pathophysiology of EMS. EDCs acting through the aryl hydrocarbon and estrogen receptors, were measured in plasma of 301 horses from 32 farms. The median (range) TEQ (2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent) and EEQ (17β-estradiol equivalent) were 19.29 pg/g (0.59-536.36) and 10.50 pg/ml (4.35-15000.00), respectively. TEQ was negatively associated with plasma fat extracted and batch analyzed. EEQ was positively associated with pregnancy and batch analyzed, and negatively associated with being male and superfund score ≤100 miles of the farm. Of particular interest, serum glucose and insulin, glucose and insulin post oral sugar challenge, and leptin concentrations were associated with EEQ, and serum triglyceride concentration was associated with TEQ. Overall, we demonstrated that EDCs are present in the plasma of horses and may explain some of the environmental variability in measured EMS phenotypes. This is the first example of EDCs being associated with clinical disease phenotype components in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Durward-Akhurst
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 225 Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States.
| | - N E Schultz
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 225 Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States
| | - E M Norton
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 225 Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States
| | - A K Rendahl
- College of Veterinary Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, St. Paul, 55108, United States
| | - H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P A Behnisch
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems b.v., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J Geor
- College of Sciences, B2.13, Science Tower B, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 301 Veterinary Science Building, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, 55108, United States
| | - M E McCue
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, 225 Veterinary Medical Center, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, United States
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van Vugt-Lussenburg BM, van der Lee RB, Man HY, Middelhof I, Brouwer A, Besselink H, van der Burg B. Incorporation of metabolic enzymes to improve predictivity of reporter gene assay results for estrogenic and anti-androgenic activity. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 75:40-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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van der Oost R, Sileno G, Janse T, Nguyen MT, Besselink H, Brouwer A. SIMONI (Smart Integrated Monitoring) as a novel bioanalytical strategy for water quality assessment: Part II-field feasibility survey. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2400-2416. [PMID: 28470932 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Because it is impossible to chemically analyze all relevant micropollutants, the implementation of bioanalytical tools is essential to estimate ecological risks of chemical mixtures in regular water-monitoring programs. The first tier of the Smart Integrated Monitoring (SIMONI) strategy, which was described in part I, is based on the combination of passive sampling and bioanalytical measurements. Bioassay responses are compared with effect-based trigger values (EBT), and an overall SIMONI score on all bioassay data was designed to indicate environmental risks. The present study is focused on analyzing the feasibility of the hazard identification tier by evaluating results of 45 field campaigns at sites with different pollution profiles near the city of Amsterdam. A Daphnia assay was performed in situ, while silicon rubber or polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) extracts were tested with 4 nonspecific (daphnids, algae, bacteria, and cell culture) and 10 specific (9 Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression [CALUX] assays and antibiotics scan) bioassays. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the relevance of 2 classification variables in the SIMONI score formula on all bioanalytical data. The model indicated increased risks for the ecosystem at surface waters in greenhouse areas and undiluted wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The choice of testing specific bioassays on either polar or nonpolar passive sampling extracts is cost-effective and still provided meaningful insights on micropollutant risks. Statistical analyses revealed that the model provides a relevant overall impact assessment based on bioassay responses. Data analyses on the chemically determined mixture toxic pressure and bioanalytical methods provided similar insights in relative risk ranking of water bodies. The SIMONI combination of passive sampling and bioanalytical testing appears to be a feasible strategy to identify chemical hazards. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2400-2416. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron van der Oost
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Sileno
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Janse
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai Thao Nguyen
- Waterproef Laboratory, Research & validation, Edam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Oost R, Sileno G, Suárez-Muñoz M, Nguyen MT, Besselink H, Brouwer A. SIMONI (smart integrated monitoring) as a novel bioanalytical strategy for water quality assessment: Part i-model design and effect-based trigger values. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2385-2399. [PMID: 28470755 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
It is virtually impossible to reliably assess water quality with target chemical analyses only. Therefore, a complementary effect-based risk assessment by bioanalyses on mixtures of bioavailable micropollutants is proposed: the Smart Integrated Monitoring (SIMONI) strategy. The goal of this strategy is to obtain more reliable information on the water quality to select optimum measures for improvement. The SIMONI strategy is 2-tiered. Tier 1 is a bioanalytical hazard identification of sites. A tier 2 ecological risk assessment is carried out only at a limited number of sites where increased hazards are detected in tier 1. Tier 2 will be customized, based on tier 1 evaluation and additional knowledge of the aquatic system. The present study focuses on the tier 1 bioanalytical hazard identification to distinguish "hot spots" of chemical pollution. First, a selection was made of relevant and cost-effective bioanalytical endpoints to cover a wide spectrum of micropollutant modes of action. Specific endpoints may indicate which classes of chemicals might cause adverse effects. Second, effect-based trigger values (EBT) were derived for these bioassays to indicate potential ecological risks. Comparison of EBT with bioassay responses should discriminate sites exhibiting different chemical hazards. Third, a model was designed to estimate the overall risks for aquatic ecosystems. The associated follow-up for risk management is a "toxicity traffic light" system: green, low hazard (no action required); orange, potential risk (further research needed); and red, high risk (mitigation measures). Thanks to cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and relevance, the SIMONI strategy has the potential to become the first bioanalytical tool to be applied in regular water quality monitoring programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2385-2399. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron van der Oost
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Sileno
- Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Suárez-Muñoz
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mai Thao Nguyen
- Waterproef Laboratory, Research & Validation, Edam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Ecological Sciences, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Tyc O, de Jager VCL, van den Berg M, Gerards S, Janssens TKS, Zaagman N, Kai M, Svatos A, Zweers H, Hordijk C, Besselink H, de Boer W, Garbeva P. Exploring bacterial interspecific interactions for discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:910-925. [PMID: 28557379 PMCID: PMC5481530 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that the production of secondary metabolites by soil bacteria can be triggered by interspecific interactions. However, little is known to date about interspecific interactions between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we aimed to understand how the interspecific interaction between the Gram-positive Paenibacillus sp. AD87 and the Gram-negative Burkholderia sp. AD24 affects the fitness, gene expression and the production of soluble and volatile secondary metabolites of both bacteria. To obtain better insight into this interaction, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were performed. Our results revealed that the interaction between the two bacteria affected their fitness, gene expression and the production of secondary metabolites. During interaction, the growth of Paenibacillus was not affected, whereas the growth of Burkholderia was inhibited at 48 and 72 h. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the interaction between Burkholderia and Paenibacillus caused significant transcriptional changes in both bacteria as compared to the monocultures. The metabolomic analysis revealed that the interaction increased the production of specific volatile and soluble antimicrobial compounds such as 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine and an unknown Pederin-like compound. The pyrazine volatile compound produced by Paenibacillus was subjected to bioassays and showed strong inhibitory activity against Burkholderia and a range of plant and human pathogens. Moreover, strong additive antimicrobial effects were observed when soluble extracts from the interacting bacteria were combined with the pure 2,5-bis(1-methylethyl)-pyrazine. The results obtained in this study highlight the importance to explore bacterial interspecific interactions to discover novel secondary metabolites and to perform simultaneously metabolomics of both, soluble and volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Tyc
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor C L de Jager
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies van den Berg
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Gerards
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Niels Zaagman
- MicroLife Solutions B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Kai
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ales Svatos
- Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knoell-Str. 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans Zweers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Hordijk
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), PO BOX 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paolina Garbeva
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO BOX 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Steinberg P, Behnisch PA, Besselink H, Brouwer AA. Screening of molecular cell targets for carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines by using CALUX® reporter gene assays. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:283-293. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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Pieterse B, Rijk IJC, Simon E, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Fokke BFH, van der Wijk M, Besselink H, Weber R, van der Burg B. Effect-based assessment of persistent organic pollutant and pesticide dumpsite using mammalian CALUX reporter cell lines. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:14442-54. [PMID: 26022396 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A combined chemical and biological analysis of samples from a major obsolete pesticide and persistent organic pollutant (POP) dumpsite in Northern Tajikistan was carried out. The chemical analytical screening focused on a range of prioritized compounds and compounds known to be present locally. Since chemical analytics does not allow measurements of hazards in complex mixtures, we tested the use of a novel effect-based approach using a panel of quantitative high-throughput CALUX reporter assays measuring distinct biological effects relevant in hazard assessment. Assays were included for assessing effects related to estrogen, androgen, and progestin signaling, aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling, AP1 signaling, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, chemical hypoxia, and ER stress. With this panel of assays, we first quantified the biological activities of the individual chemicals measured in chemical analytics. Next, we calculated the expected sum activity by these chemicals in the samples of the pesticide dump site and compared the results with the measured CALUX bioactivity of the total extracts of these samples. The results showed that particularly endocrine disruption-related effects were common among the samples. This was consistent with the toxicological profiles of the individual chemicals that dominated these samples. However, large discrepancies between chemical and biological analysis were found in a sample from a burn place present in this site, with biological activities that could not be explained by chemical analysis. This is likely to be caused by toxic combustion products or by spills of compounds that were not targeted in the chemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pieterse
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - I J C Rijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - E Simon
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M van der Wijk
- Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers B.V., Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
| | - B van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Smits M, Jonker L, Adriaens E, Teunis M, Besselink H, Hendriks G. Validation of the innovative ToxTracker ® genotoxicity reporter assay. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Papadopoulou E, Kogevinas M, Botsivali M, Pedersen M, Besselink H, Mendez MA, Fleming S, Hardie LJ, Knudsen LE, Wright J, Agramunt S, Sunyer J, Granum B, Gutzkow KB, Brunborg G, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Brantsæter AL, Sarri K, Chatzi L, Merlo DF, Kleinjans JC, Haugen M. Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds and birth outcomes in a European prospective mother-child study (NewGeneris). Sci Total Environ 2014; 484:121-128. [PMID: 24691212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet can result in exposure to environmental contaminants including dioxins which may influence foetal growth. We investigated the association between maternal diet and birth outcomes by defining a dioxin-rich diet. We used validated food frequency questionnaires to assess the diet of pregnant women from Greece, Spain, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway and estimated plasma dioxin-like activity by the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR-CALUX®) bioassay in 604 maternal blood samples collected at delivery. We applied reduced rank regression to identify a dioxin-rich dietary pattern based on dioxin-like activity (DR-CALUX®) levels in maternal plasma, and calculated a dioxin-diet score as an estimate of adherence to this dietary pattern. In the five country population, dioxin-diet score was characterised by high consumption of red and white meat, lean and fatty fish, low-fat dairy and low consumption of salty snacks and high-fat cheese, during pregnancy. The upper tertile of the dioxin-diet score was associated with a change in birth weight of -121g (95% confidence intervals: -232, -10g) compared to the lower tertile after adjustment for confounders. A small non-significant reduction in gestational age was also observed (-1.4days, 95% CI: -3.8, 1.0days). Our results suggest that maternal diet might contribute to the exposure of the foetus to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and may be related to reduced birth weight. More studies are needed to develop updated dietary guidelines for women of reproductive age, aiming to the reduction of dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants as dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSERM (National Institute of Health Medical Research), Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute Albert Bonniot, BP 170, La Tronche, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A Mendez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Silvia Agramunt
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Parc de Salut Mar, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berit Granum
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Domenico F Merlo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Merlo DF, Agramunt S, Anna L, Besselink H, Botsivali M, Brady NJ, Ceppi M, Chatzi L, Chen B, Decordier I, Farmer PB, Fleming S, Fontana V, Försti A, Fthenou E, Gallo F, Georgiadis P, Gmuender H, Godschalk RW, Granum B, Hardie LJ, Hemminki K, Hochstenbach K, Knudsen LE, Kogevinas M, Kovács K, Kyrtopoulos SA, Løvik M, Nielsen JK, Nygaard UC, Pedersen M, Rydberg P, Schoket B, Segerbäck D, Singh R, Sunyer J, Törnqvist M, van Loveren H, van Schooten FJ, Vande Loock K, von Stedingk H, Wright J, Kleinjans JC, Kirsch-Volders M, van Delft JHM. Micronuclei in cord blood lymphocytes and associations with biomarkers of exposure to carcinogens and hormonally active factors, gene polymorphisms, and gene expression: the NewGeneris cohort. Environ Health Perspect 2014; 122:193-200. [PMID: 24252472 PMCID: PMC3914866 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia incidence has increased in recent decades among European children, suggesting that early-life environmental exposures play an important role in disease development. OBJECTIVES We investigated the hypothesis that childhood susceptibility may increase as a result of in utero exposure to carcinogens and hormonally acting factors. Using cord blood samples from the NewGeneris cohort, we examined associations between a range of biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and hormonally acting factors with micronuclei (MN) frequency as a proxy measure of cancer risk. Associations with gene expression and genotype were also explored. METHODS DNA and protein adducts, gene expression profiles, circulating hormonally acting factors, and GWAS (genome-wide association study) data were investigated in relation to genomic damage measured by MN frequency in lymphocytes from 623 newborns enrolled between 2006 and 2010 across Europe. RESULTS Malondialdehyde DNA adducts (M1dG) were associated with increased MN frequency in binucleated lymphocytes (MNBN), and exposure to androgenic, estrogenic, and dioxin-like compounds was associated with MN frequency in mononucleated lymphocytes (MNMONO), although no monotonic exposure-outcome relationship was observed. Lower frequencies of MNBN were associated with a 1-unit increase expression of PDCD11, LATS2, TRIM13, CD28, SMC1A, IL7R, and NIPBL genes. Gene expression was significantly higher in association with the highest versus lowest category of bulky and M1dG-DNA adducts for five and six genes, respectively. Gene expression levels were significantly lower for 11 genes in association with the highest versus lowest category of plasma AR CALUX® (chemically activated luciferase expression for androgens) (8 genes), ERα CALUX® (for estrogens) (2 genes), and DR CALUX® (for dioxins). Several SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on chromosome 11 near FOLH1 significantly modified associations between androgen activity and MNBN frequency. Polymorphisms in EPHX1/2 and CYP2E1 were associated with MNBN. CONCLUSION We measured in utero exposure to selected environmental carcinogens and circulating hormonally acting factors and detected associations with MN frequency in newborns circulating T lymphocytes. The results highlight mechanisms that may contribute to carcinogen-induced leukemia and require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Franco Merlo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST), Genoa, Italy
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Papadopoulou E, Vafeiadi M, Agramunt S, Mathianaki K, Karakosta P, Spanaki A, Besselink H, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Koutis A, Chatzi L, Kogevinas M. Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants and anogenital distance in children. Sci Total Environ 2013; 461-462:222-229. [PMID: 23728063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential endocrine disruptive effect of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through maternal diet, by measuring anogenital distance in newborns and young children. We included 231 mothers and their newborns measured at birth from the Rhea study in Crete, Greece and the Hmar study in Barcelona, Spain and 476 mothers and their children measured between 1 and 2 years from the Rhea study. We used food frequency questionnaires to assess maternal diet and estimated plasma dioxin-like activity by the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR-CALUX®) and other POPs in maternal samples. We defined a "high-fat diet" score, as a prenatal exposure estimate, that incorporated intakes of red meat, processed meat, fatty fish, seafood, eggs and high-fat dairy products during pregnancy. Increasing maternal "high-fat diet" score was related to increasing dioxin-like activity and serum concentrations of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants in maternal blood. An inverse dose-response association was found between "high-fat diet" score and anoscrotal distance in newborn males. The highest tertile of the maternal score was associated with -4.2 mm (95% CI -6.6 to -1.8) reduction in anoscrotal distance of newborn males, compared to the lowest tertile. A weak positive association was found between the "high-fat diet" score and anofourchetal distance in newborn females. In young children we found no association between maternal "high-fat diet" score and anogenital distances. In conclusion, maternal high-fat diet may be linked to high prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptive effects, resulting to phenotypic alterations of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Vafeiadi M, Agramunt S, Papadopoulou E, Besselink H, Mathianaki K, Karakosta P, Spanaki A, Koutis A, Chatzi L, Vrijheid M, Kogevinas M. In utero exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and anogenital distance in newborns and infants. Environ Health Perspect 2013; 121:125-30. [PMID: 23171674 PMCID: PMC3553434 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anogenital distance in animals is used as a measure of fetal androgen action. Prenatal exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in rodents causes reproductive changes in male offspring and decreases anogenital distance. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether in utero exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds adversely influences anogenital distance in newborns and young children (median age, 16 months; range, 1-31 months). METHODS We measured anogenital distance among participants of the "Rhea" mother-child cohort study in Crete and the Hospital del Mar (HMAR) cohort in Barcelona. Anogenital distance (AGD; anus to upper penis), anoscrotal distance (ASD; anus to scrotum), and penis width (PW) were measured in 119 newborn and 239 young boys; anoclitoral (ACD; anus to clitoris) and anofourchetal distance (AFD; anus to fourchette) were measured in 118 newborn and 223 young girls. We estimated plasma dioxin-like activity in maternal blood samples collected at delivery with the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR CALUX®) bioassay. RESULTS Anogenital distances were sexually dimorphic, being longer in males than females. Plasma dioxin-like activity was negatively associated with AGD in male newborns. The estimated change in AGD per 10 pg CALUX®-toxic equivalent/g lipid increase was -0.44 mm (95% CI: -0.80, -0.08) after adjusting for confounders. Negative but smaller and nonsignificant associations were observed for AGD in young boys. No associations were found in girls. CONCLUSIONS Male infants may be susceptible to endocrine-disrupting effects of dioxins. Our findings are consistent with the experimental animal evidence used by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization to set recommendations for human dioxin intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Vafeiadi
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Leonards PEG, Besselink H, Klungsøyr J, McHugh B, Nixon E, Rimkus GG, Brouwer A, de Boer J. Toxicological risks to humans of toxaphene residues in fish. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8:523-529. [PMID: 22162326 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A revised risk assessment for toxaphene was developed, based on the assumption that fish consumers are only exposed to toxaphene residues that differ substantially from technical toxaphene due to environmental degradation and metabolism. In vitro studies confirmed that both technical toxaphene and degraded toxaphene inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication that correlates with the mechanistic potential to cause tumor promotion. In vivo rat studies established the NOAEL for degraded and technical toxaphene at the highest dose tested in the bioassay. Toxaphene residue intakes from European fishery products were estimated and compared to the provisional tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) from various regulatory agencies including Canada, the United States, and Germany. The estimated intake was also compared to a new calculated provisional MATT pTDI. The MATT pTDI is based on new toxicological information (in vivo rat studies) developed on a model for environmental toxaphene residues rather than technical toxaphene. A MATT pTDI (1.08 mg total toxaphene for a person of 60 kg) for tumor promotion potency was adopted for use in Europe and is referred to here as the MATT pTDI. These new data result in a better estimate of safety and a higher TDI than previously used. Based on realistic fish consumption data and recent baseline concentration data of toxaphene in European fishery products, the toxaphene intake for the consumers of Germany, Ireland, Norway, and the Netherlands was estimated. For an average adult fish consumer, the average daily intake of toxaphene was estimated to be 1.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.2 µg for the consumers of Norway, Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands, respectively. The toxaphene intake of these average fish consumers was far below the MATT pTDI of 1.08 mg/60 kg bw. In conclusion, based on the most relevant toxicological studies and the most realistic estimates of fish consumption and recent concentrations of toxaphene in European fishery products, adverse health effects are unlikely for the average European consumer of fishery products. In no case is the MATT pTDI exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim E G Leonards
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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31
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Pedersen M, Halldorsson TI, Autrup H, Brouwer A, Besselink H, Loft S, Knudsen LE. Maternal diet and dioxin-like activity, bulky DNA adducts and micronuclei in mother-newborns. Mutat Res 2012; 734:12-19. [PMID: 22561210 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet can contribute to carcinogenic exposures and also modify effects of environmental exposures on maternal and fetal genetic stability. In this study, associations between maternal diet and the levels of dioxin-like plasma activity, bulky DNA adducts in white blood cells and micronuclei (MN) in lymphocytes from mother to newborns were examined. From 98 pregnant women living in the greater area of Copenhagen, Denmark in 2006-2007, maternal peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood were collected, together with information on health, environmental exposure and lifestyle. Maternal diet was estimated on the basis of maternal food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by the end of pregnancy. Biomarkers were detected in paired blood samples through the dioxin-responsive chemical-activated luciferase expression (CALUX)(®) bioassay, (32)P-postlabelling technique and cytokinesis-block MN assay. Maternal preference for meats with dark surface were significantly associated with higher bulky DNA adducts in both maternal (β 95%CI; 0.46 (0.08, 0.84)) and cord blood (β 95%CI; 0.46 (0.05, 0.86)) before and after adjustment for potential confounders. No other significant associations between the 18 dietary variables and the biomarkers measured in maternal and fetal samples were identified. The present study suggests that maternal intake of meats with dark surface contributes to the bulky DNA adduct levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood. Relationship between food preparation and bulky DNA adducts appear to be captured by a FFQ while potential associations for other biomarkers might be more complex or need larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pedersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, CSS, Oester Farimagsgade, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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32
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Brouwers MM, Besselink H, Bretveld RW, Anzion R, Scheepers PTJ, Brouwer A, Roeleveld N. Estrogenic and androgenic activities in total plasma measured with reporter-gene bioassays: relevant exposure measures for endocrine disruptors in epidemiologic studies? Environ Int 2011; 37:557-64. [PMID: 21208659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of estrogenic and androgenic activities in total plasma with Chemically Activated LUciferase gene eXpression (CALUX®) bioassays could provide biologically relevant measures for exposure to endocrine disruptors in epidemiologic studies. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of a variety of sources of potential endocrine disruptors on estrogenic and androgenic activities in total plasma measured by CALUX®. Plasma samples and interview data on sources of potential endocrine disruptors were collected from 108 men with different exposures profiles. CALUX® measurements (BioDetection Services) involved human U2-OS cell lines controlled by the estrogen receptor alpha and the androgen receptor. Mean differences (beta) in 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQs) and dihydrotestosterone equivalents (AEQs) between exposure groups were estimated using general linear models. Mean plasma AEQs and EEQs were 9.1×10(-1)ng/ml and 12.0pg/ml, respectively. Elevated AEQs were found in smokers (beta 1.9 (95%CI 0.1-3.6)×10(-1)ng/ml) and heavy drinkers (1.4 (0.2-3.1)×10(-1)ng/ml), and in men occupationally exposed to disinfectants (1.6 (0.3-3.5)×10(-1)ng/ml) or welding/soldering fumes (1.4 (-0.2-2.9)×10(-1)ng/ml). Occupational exposure to pesticides, disinfectants, and exhaust fumes seemed to be associated with increased plasma EEQs: 1.5 (-0.2-3.2)pg/ml, 2.1 (0.2-3.9)pg/ml, and 2.9 (0.6-5.2)pg/ml, respectively. Moderate to high plasma dioxin levels, measured in a subgroup by the dioxin-responsive CALUX®, were accompanied by a 20% increase in AEQs. This is the first study in which CALUX® was used to assess hormone activities in total plasma. Although the results are not yet readily interpretable, they indicate that these measurements can be valuable for epidemiologic studies on endocrine disruptors and give direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn M Brouwers
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Health Technology Assessment, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pedersen M, Halldorsson TI, Mathiesen L, Mose T, Brouwer A, Hedegaard M, Loft S, Kleinjans JCS, Besselink H, Knudsen LE. Dioxin-like exposures and effects on estrogenic and androgenic exposures and micronuclei frequency in mother-newborn pairs. Environ Int 2010; 36:344-351. [PMID: 20189248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In utero exposure to environmental dioxin-like, estrogen and androgen compounds can cause adverse health effects. Little is known about potential interactions in vivo between dioxin-like compounds, estrogens and androgens during fetal development in humans. Therefore we explored the potential interactions in vivo between dioxin-like compounds, estrogens, androgens using chemical-activated luciferase expression (CALUX)(R) bioassays in maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma concurrently collected at the time of planned Caesarean section from 98 healthy pregnancies. The dioxin-like activity was also determined after placental transfer of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the ex vivo human placenta perfusion system. Similar dioxin-like activity in maternal and cord blood (37 versus 33pg CALUX(R)-TEQ/g plasma lipids, P>0.05) was detected and it demonstrates transplacental transfer. Increased dioxin-like activity in the perfused placenta tissue after ex vivo TCDD perfusions (from 17 to 280pg CALUX(R)-TEQ/g plasma lipids) suggest that accumulation in the placenta prevents immediate transplacental transfer of TCDD. Androgenic activity were also similar in the paired mother-newborns (0.10 versus 0.18ng CALUX(R)-AEQ/mL plasma), whereas cord blood plasma estrogenic activity was higher than maternal levels (22.6 versus 18.5ng CALUX(R)-EEQ/mL plasma). In cord blood plasma androgenic activity was strongly positively associated with maternal levels (Rs=0.8, P<0.001) whereas dioxin-like and estrogenic activities were modestly associated with maternal levels (Rs</=0.4, P<0.001). The micronuclei frequency, an indicator of genetic instability was significantly associated with dioxin-like activity in cord blood, independently of other recorded factors (Rs=0.4, P<0.003). This study demonstrated interactions in vivo between dioxin-like, estrogenic and androgenic exposures during fetal development of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pedersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Hjarðarhagi 2-6, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland; Maternal Nutrition Group, Department of Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Line Mathiesen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Tina Mose
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Morten Hedegaard
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
| | - Steffen Loft
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Besselink H, Nixon E, McHugh B, Rimkus G, Klungsøyr J, Leonards P, De Boer J, Brouwer A. Evaluation of tumour promoting potency of fish borne toxaphene residues, as compared to technical toxaphene and UV-irradiated toxaphene. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2629-38. [PMID: 18558458 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study the potential impact of food chain-based biotransformation and physico-chemical weathering of toxaphene on its tumour promoting potential was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Human exposure to toxaphene is mainly through consumption of contaminated fish, therefore fish-borne residues of toxaphene (cod liver extract, CLE) were prepared by exposing cod to technical toxaphene (TT) for 63 days. UV-irradiated toxaphene (uvT) was included to represent a physico-chemical weathered toxaphene mixture. In vitro, TT, uvT and CLE all showed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with a relative potency of CLE>TT=uvT. Tumour promoting potency was further studied in vivo in a medium term two-stage initiation/promotion bioassay in female Sprague-Dawley rats, using an increase in altered hepatic foci positive for glutathione-S-transferase-P (AHF-GST-P) as read out. No increase in AHF-GST-P occurred following exposure to either TT, uvT, or CLE, except for the positive control group (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Based on this study the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for tumour promoting potency is at least 12.5mg/kg/week, or higher for CLE. Considering current human exposure levels in Europe it is doubtful that consumption of fish at current levels of toxaphene contamination give rise to human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Besselink
- BioDetection Systems BV, Kruislaan 406, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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35
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de Geus HJ, Besselink H, Brouwer A, Klungsøyr J, McHugh B, Nixon E, Rimkus GG, Wester PG, de Boer J. Environmental occurrence, analysis, and toxicology of toxaphene compounds. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107 Suppl 1:115-44. [PMID: 10229713 PMCID: PMC1566367 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107s1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxaphene production, in quantities similar to those of polychlorinated biphenyls, has resulted in high toxaphene levels in fish from the Great Lakes and in Arctic marine mammals (up to 10 and 16 microg g-1 lipid). Because of the large variabiliity in total toxaphene data, few reliable conclusions can be drawn about trends or geographic differences in toxaphene concentrations. New developments in mass spectrometric detection using either negative chemical ionization or electron impact modes as well as in multidimensional gas chromatography recently have led researchers to suggest congener-specific approaches. Recently, several nomenclature systems have been developed for toxaphene compounds. Although all systems have specific advantages and limitations, it is suggested that an international body such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry make an attempt to obtain uniformity in the literature. Toxicologic information on individual chlorobornanes is scarce, but some reports have recently appeared. Neurotoxic effects of toxaphene exposure such as those on behavior and learning have been reported. Technical toxaphene and some individual congeners were found to be weakly estrogenic in in vitro test systems; no evidence for endocrine effects in vivo has been reported. In vitro studies show technical toxaphene and toxaphene congeners to be mutagenic. However, in vivo studies have not shown genotoxicity; therefore, a nongenotoxic mechanism is proposed. Nevertheless, toxaphene is believed to present a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Until now, only Germany has established a legal tolerance level for toxaphene--0.1 mg kg-1 wet weight for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J de Geus
- DLO-Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands.
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Vincent F, Jaunet S, Galgani F, Besselink H, Koeman J. Expression of ras gene in flounder (Platichthys flesus) andred mullet (Mullus barbatus). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 215:659-65. [PMID: 7488006 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A member of the ras gene family was identified here for the first time in two marine fish, the flounder (Platichthys flesus) and the red mullet (Mullus barbatus). After RT-PCR the partial sequence of ras gene (exons 1 and 2) has been cloned and sequenced from normal liver. At the nucleic acid level, a very high extent of homology with the human ras genes is observed (80% to 86%) and a perfect homology is observed at the amino acid level. The high conservation of the 5' region of the ras gene suggest that the p21 protein has identical function in higher and lower vertebrates. The identification of ras gene should be a first step in understanding the molecular basis of carcinogenesis in these species.
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