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Wang X, Ye P, Qiao T. Associations between adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines and socio-emotional competence among preschool children: A cross-sectional study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 57:101901. [PMID: 39236600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and socioemotional competence among Chinese preschool children. METHODS A total of 1288 parents of Chinese preschoolers (54.64 % boys, 45.36 % girls; Mage = 4.48, SD = 0.97) reported the time their children spent on physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SD), and completed questionnaires measuring socioemotional competence. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to explore the associations between individual and combined measures of PA, ST, and SD, and the risk of low socioemotional competence. RESULTS The risk of low socioemotional competence was significantly lower for children aged 4 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.31-0.71), 5 (OR = 0.23, 95 % CI: 0.15-0.35), and 6 (OR = 0.16, 95 % CI: 0.10-0.25) compared to 3-year-olds. Children with a family income level higher than 20,000CNY had a significantly lower risk of low socioemotional competence than those with a family income level not higher than 3000CNY (OR = 0.21, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.59). Urban residency was associated with significantly lower odds of low socioemotional competence than rural residency (OR = 0.41, 95 % CI: 0.21-0.82). Adherence to the PA-only guidelines (OR = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.22-0.94), SD-only guidelines (OR = 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.08-0.72), ST + SD guidelines (OR = 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.16-0.67), and PA + ST + SD guidelines (OR = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.18-0.70) were associated with a lower risk of low socioemotional competence. In addition, among boys, only adherence to the PA + ST + SD guidelines (OR = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.14-0.90) was associated with a lower risk of low socioemotional competence. Among girls, adherence to SD guidelines only (OR = 0.22, 95 % CI: 0.04-0.90), ST + SD guidelines (OR = 0.17, 95 % CI: 0.06-0.49), and PA + ST + SD guidelines (OR = 0.37, 95 % CI: 0.14-0.91) were all associated with a lower risk of low socioemotional competence. CONCLUSIONS Adhering to 24-h movement guidelines is crucial for enhancing socioemotional competence in preschool children, especially girls. Interventions should focus on promoting physical activity, reducing screen time, and ensuring adequate sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Pingzhi Ye
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
| | - Tianqi Qiao
- School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
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Swisher VS, Liu S, Ricketts EJ. Bedtime Regularity and Sleep Sufficiency in Children With Tourette Syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 158:26-34. [PMID: 38945036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite research demonstrating sleep disturbance in children with Tourette syndrome (TS), few studies have examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, two important sleep health dimensions. Therefore, this study examined bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency in children with TS relative to matched healthy control subjects, and its associated demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. METHODS Participants were 384 parents or caregivers of children aged three to 17 years, including 192 with current TS and 192 matched healthy control subjects drawn from the 2020-2021 cycle of the National Survey of Children's Health. Parents completed questions assessing demographic (i.e., age, race, sex), clinical (i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, depression, tic severity, behavioral or conduct problems, ADHD medication, health condition-related impairment), and behavioral (i.e., screen time) characteristics. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test of independence were performed to compare groups on bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively. Ordinal regression and binary logistic regression without and with backward elimination were performed to evaluate indicators of bedtime regularity and sleep sufficiency, respectively, in children with TS. RESULTS Children with current TS had significantly poorer bedtime regularity, but not sleep sufficiency, relative to matched healthy control subjects. In children with TS, anxiety and two or more hours of daily screen time were associated with higher likelihood of poor bedtime regularity. Autism was associated with lower likelihood of insufficient sleep, and depression was associated with increased likelihood of insufficient sleep. CONCLUSIONS Findings put forth screen time, anxiety, and depression as intervention targets to optimize sleep health in children with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Swisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Serene Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily J Ricketts
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
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Bacil EDA, da Silva MP, Martins RV, da Costa CG, de Campos W. Exposure to Smartphones and Tablets, Physical Activity and Sleep in Children From 5 to 10 Years Old: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:1033-1047. [PMID: 38587808 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241242556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to verify the association between smartphone/tablet exposure and physical activity and sleep in children from 5 to 10 years old. Data Source: This study followed the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and included studies that met eligibility criteria based on the "PECO" strategy: participants (children from 5 to 10 years old), exposure (smartphone and tablet use), and outcome (physical activity and sleep). STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA The inclusion criteria were observational studies published in indexed scientific journals and written in Portuguese, English, and Spanish that verified the association of exposure to smartphones/tablets with physical activity and sleep in children aged 5 to 10 years of both sexes. Studies were considered eligible only if they met the previous criteria. Data Extraction: The search was conducted in January 2023 on databases from electronic journals without the restriction of the period. To meta-analyze were extracted and grouped using models of fixed and random effects, the coefficients Odds Ratio (OR), Beta (β), Standard Error (SE), and Confidence Intervals of 95% (95%CI). Data Synthesis: 2396 potentially relevant papers were identified, and 17 met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS It can be verified that there was an inverse association between smartphones with physical activity and sleep. Studies indicate that for every additional hour of smartphone and tablet use, sleep can be expected to decrease by an average of 11 minutes (β = - 0.11; 95%CI = -0.13; -0.09). Children using smartphones and tablets were 1.79 times (OR = 1.79; 95%CI = 1.72-1.86) more likely to have shorter sleep duration and 1.53 times (OR = 1.53; 95%CI = 1.41-1.65) more likely to have worse sleep quality. Children with shorter smartphone and tablet usage were 1.19 times more likely to be active (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.37). CONCLUSION Children of 5 to 10 years who are more often exposed to smartphones and tablets are prone to have worse quality and quantity of sleep, as well as less practice of physical activity. Health promotion actions can be encouraged based on the results, aiming to reduce the use time of these devices and improve children's health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wagner de Campos
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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Merín L, Toledano-González A, Fernández-Aguilar L, Nieto M, Del Olmo N, Latorre JM. Evaluation of the association between excessive screen use, sleep patterns and behavioral and cognitive aspects in preschool population. A systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02430-w. [PMID: 38565731 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02430-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we analyzed the possible relationship between the excessive use of screens and sleep patterns, and how this may affect certain behavioral and cognitive factors in preschool children. The selection, extraction and synthesis of the data were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was carried out in the electronic databases Medline (PubMed), PsycINFO (American Psychological Association), Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). Of the 597 articles initially identified, 13 met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias of the articles selected was evaluated using a specific scale created for this purpose. The results found indicate that excessive use of screens is associated with a negative impact on the duration and quality of sleep-in preschoolers, and this worsening of sleep in infancy is related with a greater probability of the appearance of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems and certain cognitive problems. The results also suggest that sleep could play a mediating or moderating role as a bioregulatory system that attenuates or increases the onset of behavioral and cognitive difficulties in those children most exposed to digital devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llanos Merín
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Abel Toledano-González
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luz Fernández-Aguilar
- Biomedicine Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Law, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Marta Nieto
- Biomedicine Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Nuria Del Olmo
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Latorre
- Biomedicine Institute, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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Reichenberger DA, Master L, Mathew GM, Snyder CK, Buxton OM, Hale L, Chang AM. Interactive Screen-Based Activities Predict Worse Actigraphic Sleep Health That Night Among Adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:774-781. [PMID: 38099901 PMCID: PMC10960697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the micro-longitudinal effects of duration and timing of screen-based activities on sleep within and between adolescents. METHODS Daily survey and actigraphy data from the age 15 wave of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Four hundred seventy five adolescents provided three or more days of valid daily survey and nighttime sleep data. RESULTS Within-person results showed that on days when adolescents played video games more than their daytime average ± SE (1.3 ± 1.2 hours), sleep onset (6 ± 2 minutes, p < .01) and midpoint (4 ± 2 minutes, p < .02) were delayed for each additional hour of gaming. Between-person results showed that for each hour adolescents used screens to communicate with friends across the day, sleep onset was later (11 ± 3 minutes, p < .01), sleep midpoint was later (8 ± 3 minutes, p < .01), and sleep duration was shorter (-5 ± 2 minutes, p < .03). Adolescents who used screens to communicate with friends or play video games in the hour before bed had later sleep onset (30 ± 14 minutes, p < .03) and midpoint (25 ± 13 minutes, p < .05). DISCUSSION Among adolescents, passive screen usage such as browsing the Internet or watching videos may not affect sleep timing or duration, but limiting interactive screen-based activities could protect adolescent sleep health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Reichenberger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
| | - Lindsay Master
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gina Marie Mathew
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Cynthia K Snyder
- Department of Nursing, Pennsylvania College of Health Sciences, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Yin L, Li F, Liu P, Yin Z, Yang Z, Pi L, Gao Z. Examining the relationship between meeting 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines and mental health in Chinese preschool children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1337158. [PMID: 38562137 PMCID: PMC10982485 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1337158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research has explored the relationship between adhering to 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines and mental health in Chinese preschool children. The objectives of this study encompassed two primary goals: (1) to investigate the adherence of preschool children in China to the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines; and (2) to analyze the relationship between fulfilling various combinations of these guidelines and mental health, identifying the most advantageous combination. Methods Utilizing a convenience sampling approach, this study included 205 preschool children (117 boys and 88 girls, average age 4.8 ± 0.51 years) from five kindergartens in Hengyang, Hunan Province. The physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour of preschool children were objectively assessed using waist-worn accelerometers, while sleep duration and screen time were reported by the children's parents. To evaluate mental health, the parent version of the internationally validated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was employed, which measures externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and prosocial behaviour. Employing Mplus 8.0 for Structural Equation Modeling analysis, while controlling for demographic variables, the study explored the connection between preschool children's mental health and their adherence to the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines. Results Worryingly, merely 14.6% of preschoolers met the recommended guidelines for all three aspects (PA, sleep duration, and screen time). Positive correlations were identified between meeting PA guidelines and displaying prosocial behaviour (β = 0.184; p < 0.05), while screen time adherence exhibited a negative correlation with externalizing problems (β = -0.207; p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a negative association between sleep duration adherence and externalizing problems (β = -0.191; p < 0.05). Meeting all three recommended guidelines was notably linked to enhanced prosocial behaviour (β = 0.464; p < 0.05), while following the screen time and sleep duration guidelines was negatively associated with externalizing problems (β = -0.246; p < 0.05). Conclusion This study underscores the limited adherence of Chinese preschoolers to the comprehensive 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines. Noteworthy findings include the positive influence of PA on prosocial behaviour, alongside the significant roles that sleep duration and screen time play in mitigating externalizing problems within this age group. Alignment with the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines is associated with more favorable mental health indicators in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yin
- College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Li
- School of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yin
- English Course Group, Hengyang First High School, Hengyang, China
| | - Zongyu Yang
- School of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Linchun Pi
- School of Sports Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
| | - Zan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Bala J, Newson JJ, Thiagarajan TC. Hierarchy of demographic and social determinants of mental health: analysis of cross-sectional survey data from the Global Mind Project. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075095. [PMID: 38490653 PMCID: PMC10946366 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To understand the extent to which various demographic and social determinants predict mental health status and their relative hierarchy of predictive power in order to prioritise and develop population-based preventative approaches. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data. SETTING Internet-based survey from 32 countries across North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Australia, collected between April 2020 and December 2021. PARTICIPANTS 270 000 adults aged 18-85+ years who participated in the Global Mind Project. OUTCOME MEASURES We used 120+ demographic and social determinants to predict aggregate mental health status and scores of individuals (mental health quotient (MHQ)) and determine their relative predictive influence using various machine learning models including gradient boosting and random forest classification for various demographic stratifications by age, gender, geographical region and language. Outcomes reported include model performance metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 scores and importance of individual factors determined by reduction in the squared error attributable to that factor. RESULTS Across all demographic classification models, 80% of those with negative MHQs were correctly identified, while regression models predicted specific MHQ scores within ±15% of the position on the scale. Predictions were higher for older ages (0.9+ accuracy, 0.9+ F1 Score; 65+ years) and poorer for younger ages (0.68 accuracy, 0.68 F1 Score; 18-24 years). Across all age groups, genders, regions and language groups, lack of social interaction and sufficient sleep were several times more important than all other factors. For younger ages (18-24 years), other highly predictive factors included cyberbullying and sexual abuse while not being able to work was high for ages 45-54 years. CONCLUSION Social determinants of traumas, adversities and lifestyle can account for 60%-90% of mental health challenges. However, additional factors are at play, particularly for younger ages, that are not included in these data and need further investigation.
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Averill SL, Gomez EN, Belfi LM, Hui J, Mallak N, Chetlen A. Night and Day, Why Radiologists Need Play. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:360-370. [PMID: 38401981 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
What is play and why does it matter for radiologists? Play can take many forms in the workplace, including organic, managed, task-related, diversionary, and resistive forms of play, and play may also take the form of authentic self-expression and creation. In this review article, we will discuss the benefits of play including improved problem solving, gaining perspective, and stress reduction, and also provide low-tech and high-tech examples of beneficial play for the radiology team in work and personal contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Averill
- Associate Professor of Oncology and Radiology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm Ste, Buffalo, New York, USA (S.L.A.).
| | - Erin N Gomez
- Assistant Professor, Diagnostic Imaging Division, Program Director, Diagnostic Radiology and Molecular Imaging Residencies, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (E.N.G.)
| | - Lily M Belfi
- Associate Professor of Clinical Radiology, Director of Medical Student Education, Division of Emergency/ Musculoskeletal Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Room F-054, New York, New York, 10065, USA (L.M.B.)
| | - Jessica Hui
- R3 Radiology Resident University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, lowa city, lowa, USA (J.H.)
| | - Nadine Mallak
- Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Body Imaging, PET/MRI Clinical Director, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA (N.M.)
| | - Alison Chetlen
- Professor, Department of Radiology, Division of Breast Imaging, Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Division Chief, Academic Radiology Group, Director, 3+5 DR-APPS Accelerated Pathway Program Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Health, Hershey Medical Center, 30 Hope Drive, Suite 1800, EC 008, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA (A.C.)
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Shafer BM, McAuliffe KE, McHill AW. A longitudinal look at social jetlag, sex differences, and obesity risk. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad298. [PMID: 37976216 PMCID: PMC10782486 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Shafer
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathryn E McAuliffe
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Daniel L, Poliakova P, Stein M, Dunmyer L, Weaver-Rogers S, Garcia W, Santiago GB, Williamson AA. Maternal Perceptions of Evidence-Based Early Childhood Sleep Health Promotion Recommendations: An Explanatory Sequential Study. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:87-99. [PMID: 37042454 PMCID: PMC10567985 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2189723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this explanatory sequential design study was to better understand caregivers' perceptions about and interest in evidence-based early childhood sleep health promotion recommendations. METHOD A purposeful sample of mothers of 20 1-5-year-old children (10 children exhibiting optimal sleep and 10 children exhibiting insufficient/fragmented sleep) attending a preschool serving a low socio-economic (SES) status metropolitan community were invited to participate in qualitative interviews. Data were coded according to a grounded theory approach and themes were identified within the optimal and suboptimal sleeper groups. RESULTS Mothers reported different approaches to managing electronics by optimal/suboptimal sleeper group, with mothers of optimal sleepers limiting access to electronics more than mothers in the suboptimal sleep group. Other themes of sleep health practices did not differ meaningfully between groups. CONCLUSIONS Maternal perspectives about early childhood sleep health were similar across optimal and suboptimal sleepers on most elements of child sleep health. Managing child sleep was contextually influenced and these results highlight the complexities of how families living in lower SES environments perceive common sleep recommendations. Thus, sleep health education efforts should be tailored to the needs and values of specific families and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wanda Garcia
- Rutgers University, Camden
- Early Learning Research Academy, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Ariel A. Williamson
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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Dos Santos AB, Prado WL, Tebar WR, Ingles J, Ferrari G, Morelhão PK, Borges LO, Ritti Dias RM, Beretta VS, Christofaro DGD. Screen time is negatively associated with sleep quality and duration only in insufficiently active adolescents: A Brazilian cross-sectional school-based study. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102579. [PMID: 38222306 PMCID: PMC10787249 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Time spent on screen devices affects sleep quality and duration leading to several health impairments in youth. Although physical activity (PA) benefits sleep patterns and decreases screen time in adolescents, it is unclear whether the relationship between sleep quality/duration and screen time could be influenced by PA levels. Objective To analyze the association between sleep quality and duration with screen time in Brazilian adolescents according PA levels. Methods The sample included 1010 adolescents aged 13.2 ± 2.4 years (n = 556 females - 55 % of the sample). Sleep quality and sleep duration, and PA were assessed by Mini Sleep and Baecke questionnaires, respectively. Participants in the highest quartile were classified as physically active. Screen time was analyzed by the self-reported number of hours spent on different screen devices (i.e., television, computer, videogame, and cellphone/tablet). Participants in the highest tertile were classified as having high screen time. Sex, age, and body mass index were considered covariates in binary logistic regression models. Results Poor sleep quality was observed in 52.3 % of the sample, whereas 46.6 % reported sleeping less than eight hours/day. High screen time was associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 1.45; 95 %CI = 1.01-2.12) and insufficient sleep duration (OR = 1.52; 95 %CI = 1.01-2.03) in adolescents insufficiently active. There were no associations between screen time and sleep parameters in active adolescents. Conclusion High screen time was associated with poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep duration only in insufficiently active adolescents. These results suggest that high PA levels may contribute to improving sleep patterns in pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Prado
- California State University-San Bernardino, San Bernardino, USA
| | - William R Tebar
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Jared Ingles
- California State University-San Bernardino, San Bernardino, USA
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
| | | | - Luan O Borges
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Victor S Beretta
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego G D Christofaro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
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12
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Lu H, Liang G, Li DL, Liu MX, Yin ZJ, Li YZ, Zhang T, Pan CW. Sleep quality as a mediator of the relationship between screen time and negative emotions among Chinese college freshmen. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:2883-2896. [PMID: 37231742 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2217380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
College freshmen are special populations facing great challenges in adapting to the brand new environment, and their lifestyle and emotional states are worthy of attention. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, their screen time and prevalence of negative emotions were significantly increased, but few studies have focused on such situation of college freshmen and illustrated relevant mechanisms. Thus, based on a sample of Chinese college freshmen during the COVID-19 pandemic, the current study aimed to investigate the association between their screen time and negative emotions (depression, anxiety and stress), and further explore the mediating effects of sleep quality. Data from 2,014 college freshmen was analyzed. The screen time was self-reported by participants using predesigned questionnaires. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Chinese Version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were used to assess sleep quality and emotional states, respectively. The mediation analysis was conducted to examine the meditation effect. Results indicated that participants with negative emotions tended to have longer daily screen time and worse sleep quality, sleep quality partially mediated the association between screen time and negative emotions.The critical role of sleep quality and related intervention measures should be recognized and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min-Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yue-Zu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianyang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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13
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de Souza AA, Bandeira PFR, Vale SMCG, da Cunha GL, Mota JAPS, de Lucena Martins CM. Paths towards a healthier BMI among short and adequate sleepers: A pathway network analysis considering movement behaviors in low-income preschoolers. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23915. [PMID: 37269167 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Short sleep duration has been seen as a predictor of higher body mass index (BMI) in youth. Sleep duration varies substantially along early childhood, and the paths towards a healthier BMI, considering the other movement behaviors (physical activity-PA and screen time) are unexplored in preschoolers. AIM To construct a sleep-BMI model to capture the direct and indirect paths to intervening towards a healthier BMI, according to low-income preschoolers' compliance with the other movement behaviors. METHODS Two hundred and seventy two preschoolers (4.5 ± 0.0; 138 boys) participated in the study. Sleep and screen time (ST) were assessed in a face-to-face interview with primary caregivers. PA was assessed using accelerometer (wGT3X-BT). Preschoolers were categorized as compliant or not with sleep, screen time, total and moderate to vigorous PA recommendations. BMIz-score was calculated according to preschoolers' sex and age. All the assessed variables, besides sex and age were included in a Network Pathway Analysis (NPA) according to age as nodes. RESULTS At 3 years old, a direct and negative path between sleep-BMIz score was observed. At four and 5 years old, this relationship became positive. Further, girls were more compliant with sleep, ST and total PA recommendations. Total PA (TPA) showed the highest expected influence value in the general, 3 and 4 years old NPA. CONCLUSION The NPA analysis showed different directions for the relationship between sleep and BMIz score, according to age. Intervention strategies to a healthier BMI among preschoolers compliant or not with sleep recommendations should focus in increasing TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Glacithane Lins da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jorge Augusto Pinto Silva Mota
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
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14
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Nagata JM, Singh G, Yang JH, Smith N, Kiss O, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Baker FC. Bedtime screen use behaviors and sleep outcomes: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Sleep Health 2023; 9:497-502. [PMID: 37098449 PMCID: PMC10823798 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine associations between bedtime screen time behaviors and sleep outcomes in a national study of early adolescents. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data from 10,280 early adolescents aged 10-14 (48.8% female) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (Year 2, 2018-2020). Regression analyses examined the association between self-reported bedtime screen use and self- and caregiver-reported sleep measures, including sleep disturbance symptoms, controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, household income, parent education, depression, data collection period (pre- vs. during COVID-19 pandemic), and study site. RESULTS Overall, 16% of adolescents had at least some trouble falling or staying asleep in the past 2 weeks and 28% had overall sleep disturbance, based on caregiver reports. Adolescents who had a television or an Internet-connected electronic device in the bedroom had a greater risk of having trouble falling or staying asleep (adjusted risk ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.12-1.44) and overall sleep disturbance (adjusted risk ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25). Adolescents who left their phone ringer activated overnight had more trouble falling/staying asleep and greater overall sleep disturbance compared to those who turned off their cell phones at bedtime. Streaming movies, playing video games, listening to music, talking/texting on the phone, and using social media or chat rooms were all associated with trouble falling/staying asleep and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS Several bedtime screen use behaviors are associated with sleep disturbances in early adolescents. The study's findings can inform guidance for specific bedtime screen behaviors among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Gurbinder Singh
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanne H Yang
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Natalia Smith
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Orsolya Kiss
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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15
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Seffah KD, Salib K, Dardari L, Taha M, Dahat P, Toriola S, Satnarine T, Zohara Z, Adelekun A, Ahmed A, Gutlapalli SD, Patel D, Khan S. Health Benefits of Esports: A Systematic Review Comparing the Cardiovascular and Mental Health Impacts of Esports. Cureus 2023; 15:e40705. [PMID: 37485153 PMCID: PMC10361539 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports all over the world are celebrated and embraced as an indicator of triumph of youth and the human experience. Esports have increasingly come to be associated with an industry likened to traditional sports. Professional gamers who continuously define new standards in the areas of gaming, entertainment, and esports have emerged. This systematic review sought to find out the extent to which these virtual sports affect cardiovascular and mental health, both positively and negatively, and if this is comparable to traditional sports to any degree. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses, we reviewed journals and full-text articles that addressed the topic with keywords, such as esports, cardiovascular, mental health, gaming, and virtual reality. Six articles were selected after quality assessment. In summary, rehabilitative medicine currently benefits the most from this entertainment platform, with comparable findings in the positive and negative effects on mental health. Cardiovascular health appears to benefit from esports, with an increase in physical activity with use, but is not at the level of replacing traditional sports. Unlike as seen with traditional sports, addiction to gaming appears to be a steadily emerging issue that mental health practitioners will, in the not-so-distant future, have to lay ground rules for if esports are to be incorporated in everyday affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi D Seffah
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, Piedmont Athens Regional Medical Center, Athens, USA
| | - Korlos Salib
- General Practice, El Demerdash Hospital, Cairo, EGY
| | - Lana Dardari
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maher Taha
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Purva Dahat
- Medicine, St. Martinus University Faculty of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
| | - Stacy Toriola
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Travis Satnarine
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Zareen Zohara
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ademiniyi Adelekun
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Areeg Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Neuroscience, Thousand Oaks, USA
| | - Sai Dheeraj Gutlapalli
- Internal Medicine, Richmond University Medical Center Affiliated with Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
- Internal Medicine Clinical Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Deepkumar Patel
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Safeera Khan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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16
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Grant V, Mekiana D, Philip J. Physical Activity, Sleep, and Demographic Patterns in Alaska Native Children and Youth Living in Anaktuvuk Pass. YOUTH (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:321-334. [PMID: 38084312 PMCID: PMC10712412 DOI: 10.3390/youth3010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA), sleep, and weight are important factors for youth health. However, data about these factors are unknown in youth living in isolated Alaska Native communities. This study aims to assess PA, sleep, height and weight in elementary through high school students living in Anaktuvuk Pass. Fourteen children (<12) and 24 youths (12-20) volunteered to participate in this study. PA and sleep data were collected with actigraphy. Height and weight were assessed with standard procedures. Demographics were collected via survey. Results show that 10.53% and 18.42% of participants were overweight and obese, respectively. Average bedtime was 00:15 am and wake time 08:23 am. Total sleep time was 498.21 min. Participants averaged 477.64 min in sedentary activity, 297.29 min in light activity, 150.66 min in moderate activity, and 18.05 min in vigorous activity. Adjusted models suggest that high school students engage in significantly more sedentary activity, and significantly less light, moderate, and vigorous activity compared to those in middle and elementary school. All students engaged in less moderate and vigorous activity on the weekend compared to the weekday. Data suggest that as children age they become more sedentary. Future studies should focus on increasing daily PA in high school students while considering other obesogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Grant
- Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Deborah Mekiana
- Alaska Native Studies, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Jacques Philip
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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17
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Gauthier-Gagné G, Saha S, Jensen J, Sommerville G, Gruber R. Associations Between Multidimensional Sleep Health Parameters and Adolescents' Self-reported Light Exposure in the Free-living Environment. J Biol Rhythms 2023:7487304231152987. [PMID: 36843359 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231152987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the associations between light exposure in the free-living environment and multiple dimensions of sleep health of typically developing adolescents. Fifty-six (29 girls, 27 boys) typically developing adolescents (mean age = 13.59, SD = 0.89, range = 12-17 years) participated. For six consecutive nights, sleep was assessed in the home environment using actigraphy. During the same period, participants were asked to fill out a daily sleep log and a daily light exposure log, and to complete questionnaires regarding their alertness and subjective sleep satisfaction. Longer self-reported exposure to daylight in the morning was associated with longer objectively measured sleep duration. Longer self-reported exposures to electronic devices in the evening were associated with later objectively measured sleep onset and offset times, shorter sleep duration, and greater day-to-day sleep variability. Longer morning exposure to outdoor light was associated with a longer sleep duration. Self-reported light exposure was not associated with sleep satisfaction, alertness/sleepiness, or sleep efficiency. Among the covariates, circadian preference accounted for the highest percentage of variance. Adolescents' sleep health is associated with the self-reported duration of exposure to daylight in the morning and to electronic devices in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Gauthier-Gagné
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sujata Saha
- Riverside School Board, Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada
| | - Jana Jensen
- Riverside School Board, Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada
| | - Gail Sommerville
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Riverside School Board, Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada
| | - Reut Gruber
- Attention, Behaviour and Sleep Lab, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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18
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Chaput JP, McHill AW, Cox RC, Broussard JL, Dutil C, da Costa BGG, Sampasa-Kanyinga H, Wright KP. The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:82-97. [PMID: 36280789 PMCID: PMC9590398 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, such as excess energy intake and lack of physical activity, cannot fully explain the high prevalence of these conditions. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment predispose individuals to poor metabolic health and promote weight gain and have received increased research attention in the past 10 years. Insufficient sleep is defined as sleeping less than recommended for health benefits, whereas circadian misalignment is defined as wakefulness and food intake occurring when the internal circadian system is promoting sleep. This Review discusses the impact of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in humans on appetite hormones (focusing on ghrelin, leptin and peptide-YY), energy expenditure, food intake and choice, and risk of obesity. Some potential strategies to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disruption on metabolic health are provided and future research priorities are highlighted. Millions of individuals worldwide do not obtain sufficient sleep for healthy metabolic functions. Furthermore, modern working patterns, lifestyles and technologies are often not conducive to adequate sleep at times when the internal physiological clock is promoting it (for example, late-night screen time, shift work and nocturnal social activities). Efforts are needed to highlight the importance of optimal sleep and circadian health in the maintenance of metabolic health and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew W McHill
- Sleep, Chronobiology, and Health Laboratory, School of Nursing, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca C Cox
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caroline Dutil
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Department of Physical Education, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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19
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Calling on All Child and Family Practitioners to Help Mitigate the Impacts of the Poor Behavioural Health of Children with Psychiatric Illness. ADOLESCENTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/adolescents2040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents and children (aged 6 to 17+ years) admitted to inpatient psychiatry or intensive out-of-home mental health programs (formerly called residential mental health treatment centres) are among those with the most severe psychiatric illnesses. Moreover, these children also have very poor behavioural and biopsychosocial health including sleep deprivation, difficult relationships, problematic use of electronic devices, academic difficulty, poor school engagement, insufficient exercise and poor diets; all of these were noted before the pandemic. The pandemic has only increased the social isolation, poor health behaviours and mental health challenges for many children and adolescents. The poor behavioural and psychosocial health of those in their youth with psychiatric illnesses can exacerbate symptoms and can interfere with academic performance, development and good decision making; these biopsychosocial health behaviours are modifiable. All child and family practitioners including pediatricians, family physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists and psychotherapists have an important role in fostering the behavioural and biopsychosocial health (i.e., sleep, positive relationships, electronic device use, exercise and diet) of all family members and especially children with psychiatric illness. Enacting biopsychosocial lifestyle interventions before or during childhood and adolescence may reduce the burden of mental illness.
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20
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Pillion M, Gradisar M, Bartel K, Whittall H, Kahn M. What's "app"-ning to adolescent sleep? Links between device, app use, and sleep outcomes. Sleep Med 2022; 100:174-182. [PMID: 36084495 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between adolescent evening use of technology devices and apps, night time sleep, and daytime sleepiness. Participants were 711 adolescents aged 12-18 years old (46% Female, Mage = 15.1, SD = 1.2). Time spent using technology devices and apps in the hour before bed, and in bed before sleep onset, was self-reported. Participants additionally completed a questionnaire about their sleep on school nights and next day sleepiness. In the hour before bed, 30 min of phone use was associated with a 9-min delay in bedtimes. Thirty minutes spent using laptops, gaming consoles, and watching YouTube was associated with later lights out times of 9 min, ∼16 min and ∼11 min respectively, while watching TV was associated with a 9 min earlier lights out times. Using gaming consoles and watching YouTube were associated with greater odds of receiving insufficient sleep (≤7 h TST). In bed before sleep onset, 30 min spent using laptops, phones, iPad/tablets, and watching YouTube were linked with later lights out times of ∼7 min for phones and laptops, 9 min for iPad/tablets, and ∼13 min for YouTube. Watching Netflix was associated with greater daytime sleepiness. YouTube at this time point was associated with increased odds of sleeping ≤7 h on school nights. Adolescents are engaging with a wide range of technology devices and apps in the evenings. However, certain devices and apps (e.g., phones, laptops, gaming and YouTube) might lead to more negative sleep outcomes for adolescents on school nights compared to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Pillion
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Adelaide, Australia.
| | | | - Kate Bartel
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah Whittall
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michal Kahn
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Adelaide, Australia
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21
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Preschoolers' engagement with screen content and associations with sleep and cognitive development. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 230:103762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Poujol MC, Pinar-Martí A, Persavento C, Delgado A, Lopez-Vicente M, Julvez J. Impact of Mobile Phone Screen Exposure on Adolescents' Cognitive Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12070. [PMID: 36231371 PMCID: PMC9566493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is existing evidence on how excessive screen exposure can be detrimental to cognitive health, and in recent years there has been an increase in the usage of mobile phones by adolescents. We aimed to examine the association between mobile phone screen exposure and cognitive function among a young healthy population. We carried out a cross-sectional study conducted in 632 adolescents (13.89 ± 0.52 years old). Exposure data were collected through self-reported questionnaires, and cognitive outcomes were assessed by different computer-based neuropsychological tests. Compared to students in the lowest tertile (<9 min/day) of mobile phone screen exposure (MPSE), those in the medium tertile (9-20 min/day) showed significantly higher hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE, higher inattentiveness) = (14.9 ms, 95% CI = 0.6; 29.3), as did as those in the highest tertile (>20 min/day) = (11.1 ms, 95% CI = 2.8; 25.0). When adjusting for confounders, the association held for the medium-MPSE tertile (17.6 ms, 95% CI = 3.4; 31.7). When further adjusting for intermediate factors, an increase in inattentiveness scores was also observed in both groups, with higher HRT-SE values for participants in the medium (15.8 ms, 95% CI = 1.4; 30.3) and highest MPSE tertiles (14.97 ms, 95% CI = 0.9; 29.1). There were no significant associations with fluid intelligence or working memory scores. Overall, our study shows that healthy teenagers reporting higher screen exposure may be affected in their attention performance. However, more studies are needed to determine the causality of these associations and to better shape the screen exposure recommended guidelines for brain health during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cristina Poujol
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Pinar-Martí
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Cecilia Persavento
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Delgado
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Lopez-Vicente
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona Campus MAR, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Peralta GP, Camerini AL, Haile SR, Kahlert CR, Lorthe E, Marciano L, Nussbaumer A, Radtke T, Ulyte A, Puhan MA, Kriemler S. Lifestyle Behaviours of Children and Adolescents During the First Two Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland and Their Relation to Well-Being: An Observational Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604978. [PMID: 36158782 PMCID: PMC9496876 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe changes in adherence to recommendations for physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration over the first two waves of the pandemic in Switzerland, and to assess the associations of these lifestyle behaviours with life satisfaction and overall health as well-being indicators. Methods: In this observational study, we included 2,534 participants (5-16 years) from four Swiss cantons. Participants, or their parents, completed repeated questionnaires and reported on their (child's) lifestyle and well-being, between June 2020 and April 2021. We used linear and logistic regression models to assess the associations between lifestyle and well-being. Results: The percentage of children meeting the recommendations for PA and ST decreased from the pre-pandemic period to the first wave, with a slight recovery during the second wave. Participants meeting all three recommendations during the second wave were more likely to report excellent health (OR: 1.65 [95% CI: 1.00-2.76]) and higher life satisfaction (β: 0.46 [0.16-0.77]) in early 2021 than participants not meeting any recommendation. Conclusion: We showed a substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's and adolescents' lifestyle, and a positive association between meeting lifestyle recommendations and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela P. Peralta
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sarah R. Haile
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R. Kahlert
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Lorthe
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marciano
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andres Nussbaumer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Radtke
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agne Ulyte
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A. Puhan
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Maurya C, Muhammad T, Maurya P, Dhillon P. The association of smartphone screen time with sleep problems among adolescents and young adults: cross-sectional findings from India. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1686. [PMID: 36064373 PMCID: PMC9444278 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although sleep problem is a growing public health issue with the advancement of technology, especially among adolescents and young adults, it received little attention. The study aimed to examine the association of screen time on smartphone with sleep problems among adolescents and young-adults in India. Methods We used data from the “Understanding the lives of adolescents and young-adults” (UDAYA, 2018). The effective sample size for the study was 16,292 adolescents and young adults (males-4428 and females-11,864). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis with percentages and chi-square test were used to report the preliminary results. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between smartphone screen time and sleep problems, separately for adolescents and young adults. Results Nearly 15.6% of males and 23.5% of females had sleep problems in their adolescence in the last 15 days, while these percentage were high among young-adults (18.4% males and 33.24% females). Adolescents [AOR: 1.55; CI: 1.21-1.99] and young adults [AOR: 1.48; CI: 1.24-1.75], who spent more than 2 h on smartphone had higher odds of reporting sleep problems than those who did not use smartphone in the last 24 hours. Adolescent females who used smartphone for less or equal to 2 h and three or more hours respectively, had 2.11 [AOR: 2.11; CI: 1.63-2.73] and 2.94 times [AOR: 2.94; CI: 1.97-4.38] higher odds of reporting sleep problems than adolescent males who did not use smartphones. Additionally, among the young adult females, the odds of sleep problems were 1.66 times [AOR: 1.66; CI: 1.55-2.38] and 2.36 times [AOR: 2.36; CI: 1.59-3.51] greater than the non-users young adult males. Conclusion The increased time spent on mobile phones’s screen among adolescents and young-adults, particularly in females is associated with a higher likelihood of reporting sleeping problems. The current findings have important implications for adolescence and young-adults’ mental health programmes. The findings can also be used to further inform how different strategies need to be developed for better sleep outcome during adolescence and young-adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Maurya
- Department of Survey Reseach and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
| | - Priya Maurya
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Preeti Dhillon
- Department of Survey Reseach and Data Analytics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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25
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Gupta N. Pitfalls in the use of mobile wireless devices in healthcare: Distraction, errors, procrastination, and burnout. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2022; 7:100010. [PMID: 39035831 PMCID: PMC11256275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Sakamoto N, Kabaya K, Nakayama M. Sleep problems, sleep duration, and use of digital devices among primary school students in Japan. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1006. [PMID: 35585595 PMCID: PMC9116694 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing concern that screen time and media use in school-age children can negatively affect children's sleep. These negative effects are explained by three main underlying mechanisms: reduced sleep, time allocated for more media consumption; increased mental, emotional, or psychological stimulation by media content; and the effects of light emitted by digital devices on circadian rhythms and sleep physiology and arousal. In this study, we focused not only on sleep duration, but also on sleep problems. We conducted a large-scale survey to examine the relationship between excessive use of digital devices, Internet addictive behaviour, sleep duration, and sleep problems. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of children enrolled in 20 public primary schools in Nagoya City, Japan. Children's parents/guardians completed a questionnaire including the brief sleep questionnaire for Japanese children which is a shortened version of the 'Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire'. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify associations between sleep problems and grade, sex, weekday sleep time, weekend sleep time, ownership of digital devices, frequent checking of digital devices, use of digital devices for more than 4 hours per day, and Internet addiction. RESULTS In total, 8172 responses were received (91.6% response rate). After excluding incomplete responses, we analysed complete datasets for 6893 children with a mean age of 9.0 years. When adjusted for sex, grade, sleep duration on weekdays, and sleep duration on weekends, failure to control (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.70; p < .001), more use than intended (OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.44; p < .001), and use to escape a dysphoric mood (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.03-1.64; p = .027) were associated with children's sleep problems. A shorter weekday and a longer weekend sleep duration indicated a higher likelihood of sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS After adjusting for sleep duration, a relationship was found between the three Internet addictive behaviours and sleep problems, but not ownership of digital devices. Parents and teachers may need to address screen media-related sleep problems in children, as these problems may be influenced by psychological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sakamoto
- Faculty of Nursing, Toho University, Omori-nishi, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 143-0015, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Kabaya
- Department of Otolaryngology and Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Meiho Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Good Sleep Center, Nagoya City University, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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The effect of mobile phone use at night on the sleep of pre-adolescent (8-11 year), early adolescent (12-14 year) and late adolescent (15-18 year) children: A study of 252,195 Australian children. Sleep Health 2022; 8:277-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Effects of Screen Viewing Time on Sleep Duration and Bedtime in Children Aged 1 and 3 Years: Japan Environment and Children's Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073914. [PMID: 35409594 PMCID: PMC8997461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effects of television/digital versatile disc (TV/DVD) viewing time and portable electronic device (PED) usage time on sleep duration and bedtime and the difference between the effects of TV/DVD and PED on sleep. The effect of TV/DVD viewing time or PED usage time on sleep duration and bedtime was analyzed using a multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for covariates. A total of 74,525 participants were included in the analysis, using data from Japan Environment and Children’s Study. TV/DVD viewing was not associated with short sleep duration, but PED usage was associated with short sleep duration. In addition, the risk of short sleep duration increased as PED usage time increased. We also investigated the effects of sleep habits at age 1 year on sleep at age 3 years. This study showed that late bedtime at age 1 year posed a significant risk of late bedtime at age 3 years. In summary, particular caution should be paid to PED use from a child’s health perspective, and sleep habits should be focused on bedtime from the age of 1 year.
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Abstract
This article discusses child onset anxiety disorders in conjunction with the risks and benefits of the rapidly changing digital world including screen time, social media, and potential treatment platforms. A section includes the impact of pandemic stressors including social distancing, quarantining, the association of the pandemic and youth mental health, and prolonged screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Glover
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B130, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Merlin Ariefdjohan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sandra L Fritsch
- Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B130, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, F546, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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30
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McCabe SM, Abbiss CR, Libert JP, Bach V. Functional links between thermoregulation and sleep in children with neurodevelopmental and chronic health conditions. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866951. [PMID: 36451768 PMCID: PMC9703054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bi-directional relationship between sleep and wake is recognized as important for all children. It is particularly consequential for children who have neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) or health conditions which challenge their sleep and biological rhythms, and their ability to maintain rhythms of participation in everyday activities. There are many studies which report the diverse reasons for disruption to sleep in these populations. Predominantly, there is focus on respiratory, pharmaceutical, and behavioral approaches to management. There is, however, little exploration and explanation of the important effects of body thermoregulation on children's sleep-wake patterns, and associated behaviors. Circadian patterns of sleep-wake are dependent on patterns of body temperature change, large enough to induce sleep preparedness but remaining within a range to avoid sleep disturbances when active thermoregulatory responses against heat or cold are elicited (to maintain thermoneutrality). Additionally, the subjective notion of thermal comfort (which coincides with the objective concept of thermoneutrality) is of interest as part of general comfort and associated behavioral responses for sleep onset and maintenance. Children's thermoregulation and thermal comfort are affected by diverse biological functions, as well as their participation in everyday activities, within their everyday environments. Hence, the aforementioned populations are additionally vulnerable to disruption of their thermoregulatory system and their capacity for balance of sleep and wakefulness. The purpose of this paper is to present hitherto overlooked information, for consideration by researchers and clinicians toward determining assessment and intervention approaches to support children's thermoregulation functions and promote their subjective thermal comfort, for improved regulation of their sleep and wake functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Véronique Bach
- PeriTox UMR_I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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31
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Stearns MA, Ievers-Landis CE, McCrae CS, Simon SL. Sleep across childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review of the literature and clinical case examples. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.2016407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn E. Ievers-Landis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Stacey L. Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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32
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Preyde M, Parekh S, Markov A, Carpenter H, Heintzman J. School Re-Entry of Adolescent Patients Discharged from
Psychiatric Hospital: One Step in Continuous Quality
Improvement. ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676611666211105121616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
School re-entry following hospitalization for psychiatric care
has been reported as difficult for many adolescent patients. Continuous quality
improvement initiatives may improve programming to enhance school re-entry
experiences. The purpose for this study was to explore the school re-entry
perspectives of the youth discharged from a psychiatric inpatient unit after
implementing programs that patients previously identified as needed.
Methods:
A survey was administered to the youth about one month after discharge
to gather their perspective of their school re-entry, along with self-rated resilience
and stress.
Results:
Twenty-six youth (23%) participated in the post-discharge survey who
reported a mean age of 15.6 years (SD 1.0), 77% identified as female, 13 (50%)
provided very positive re-entry comments, eight (31%) reported moderately
positive experiences, and five (19%) reported a very poor school re-entry. Mean
perceived resilience (4.01, SD 0.6) and stress (3.42, SD 0.8) scores suggest youth
thought they had good resilience and moderate stress.
Conclusions:
Most youth reported a good school re-entry. Considerable concerns
remain for the 19% who reported a poor school re-entry who may benefit from
specialized outpatient or day programming post-discharge before attempting a
return to school. Future directions for research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Preyde
- College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | - Shrenik Parekh
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Ontario,Canada
| | - Anna Markov
- College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | - Hayley Carpenter
- College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario,Canada
| | - John Heintzman
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Ontario,Canada
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Gumport NB, Gasperetti CE, Silk JS, Harvey AG. The Impact of Television, Electronic Games, and Social Technology Use on Sleep and Health in Adolescents with an Evening Circadian Preference. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2351-2362. [PMID: 33948831 PMCID: PMC8566326 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There are mixed findings when examining if technology use is harmful for adolescent sleep and health. This study builds on these mixed findings by examining the association between technology use with sleep and health in a high-risk group of adolescents. Adolescents with an evening circadian preference (N = 176; 58% female, mean age = 14.77, age range = 10-18) completed measures over one week. Sleep was measured via actigraphy. Technology use and health were measured using ecological momentary assessment. Technology use was associated with an increase in sleep onset latency; with better emotional, social, cognitive, and physical health; and with worse behavioral health. This study offers support for technology use having some benefits and expands research on technology use to adolescents with an evening circadian preference.
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Coyne SM, Hurst JL, Dyer WJ, Hunt Q, Schvanaveldt E, Brown S, Jones G. Suicide Risk in Emerging Adulthood: Associations with Screen Time over 10 years. J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:2324-2338. [PMID: 33528704 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Suicide rates have increased over the past decade, and screen media (and social media in particular) are often blamed for this marked increase. However, there is little longitudinal research on this topic. The current study examined the link between various types of screen media use over a 10-year period (from adolescence to emerging adulthood) to suicide risk in emerging adulthood. Participants included 500 adolescents (51% female) who were first surveyed in 2009, when they were an average of 13.82 years old (range 12-15 years). For girls, a high level of social media or television use in early adolescence followed by a marked increase over time was most predictive of suicide risk in emerging adulthood. Additionally, video game use that increased over time was also associated with a higher risk for developing suicide risk for girls. A passive sensing measurement was also included at the final wave of data collection to obtain a more accurate and complete picture of phone use in particular. The use of entertainment apps was risky for girls while reading apps were risky for boys. Additionally, video game use (for boys) was associated with suicide risk when cyberbullying was also high. Identifying nonnormative patterns of media during adolescence may be instructive in terms of suicide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Coyne
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Hurst
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - W Justin Dyer
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Quintin Hunt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Sara Brown
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Gavin Jones
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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35
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Stine F, Collier DN, Fang X, Dew KR, Lazorick S. Impact of Body Mass Index, Socioeconomic Status, and Bedtime Technology Use on Sleep Duration in Adolescents. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2021; 60:520-527. [PMID: 34565189 PMCID: PMC8554490 DOI: 10.1177/00099228211047791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Factors related to adolescents and sleep are understudied. We evaluate the relationship between bedtime technology use (TU), TV in bedroom, weight, and socioeconomic status in seventh graders (N = 3956) enrolled in a school-based wellness intervention. Sleep quantity was dichotomized to insufficient (<8 hours) or sufficient (≥8 hours); high TU before sleep was defined by use "a few nights each week" or "every, or almost every night." Insufficient sleep (38.7%), having TV in bedroom (72.9%), and high TU (83.1%) were commonly reported. The likelihood of sufficient sleep was lower for those with high TU (odds ratio [OR] = 0.529 [0.463-0.605]), obese students (OR = 0.815 [0.700-0.949]), and those with a TV in the bedroom (OR = 0.817 [0.703-0.950]). Also, attending a school with higher percent low socioeconomic status students was also associated with insufficient sleep (P = .026). Interventions to reduce TU may be important for improving sleep quantity, especially for some vulnerable populations.
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36
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Fang J, Wen Z, Ouyang J, Wang H. Modeling the change trajectory of sleep duration and its associated factors: based on an 11-year longitudinal survey in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1963. [PMID: 34717596 PMCID: PMC8557058 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep duration is a vital public health topic, yet most existing studies have been limited to cross-sectional surveys or inconsistent classifications of sleep duration categories, and few characterized its continuous development process. The current study aimed to depict its change trajectory in the general population and identify associated factors from a dynamic perspective. METHODS A total of 3788 subjects (45.4% male, mean age 46.72 ± 14.89 years) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were recruited, and their daily sleep duration for five consecutive measurements from 2004 to 2015 was recorded. We adopted latent growth modelling to establish systematic relations between sleep duration and time. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health factors were taken as covariates. RESULTS The change in sleep duration could be depicted by a linear decreasing trajectory with the mean yearly decrease at 2.5 min/day. The trajectory did not differ by residence, BMI category, chronic disease situation, smoking status, or drinking status. Moreover, there were sex and age differences in the trajectory, and females and those under 30 were prone to larger decrease rates. CONCLUSION The quantified yearly change in sleep duration provided insights for the prediction and early warning of insufficient sleep. Public health interventions focusing on slowing down the decrease rates among females and young individuals are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Fang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou province, 510631, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (SCNU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhonglin Wen
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou province, 510631, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (SCNU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinying Ouyang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou province, 510631, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (SCNU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangzhou province, 510631, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (SCNU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Hamilton JL, Lee W. Associations Between Social Media, Bedtime Technology Use Rules, and Daytime Sleepiness Among Adolescents: Cross-sectional Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e26273. [PMID: 34524967 PMCID: PMC8482309 DOI: 10.2196/26273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media use is associated with poor sleep among adolescents, including daytime sleepiness, which affects adolescents' mental health. Few studies have examined the associations among specific aspects of social media, such as frequency of checking and posting, perceived importance of social media for social belonging, and daytime sleepiness. Identifying whether certain adolescents are more at risk or protected from the effects of social media on sleepiness may inform future interventions for social media, sleep, and mental health. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the association between social media use frequency and importance, daytime sleepiness, and whether the perceived importance of social media for social interactions and parental rules around bedtime technology moderated these relationships. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study was conducted with a sample of 4153 adolescents from across the United States. Qualtrics was used to collect data via panel recruitment from a national sample representing the US demographics of teens aged 12 to 17 years. Participants completed measures of daytime sleepiness, frequency of social media checking and posting, and the importance of social media for social interactions. Parents reported whether they had a household rule around bedtime media and screen use. Hierarchical regressions and moderation analyses were conducted, covarying for age, gender, and age at first smartphone use. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 14.64 (SD 1.66) years in grades 6 to 12, 46.45% (1929/4153) identified as female, and 67.93% (2821/4153) identified as White. The results indicated that adolescents who posted (B=0.70, SE 0.04; P<.001) or checked (B=0.76, SE 0.04; P<.001) social media more frequently or who perceived social media to be more important for social belonging (B=0.36, SE 0.02; P<.001) had higher levels of daytime sleepiness. Moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between social media use frequency and daytime sleepiness was exacerbated by higher levels of perceived social media importance (B=0.04, SE 0.01; P<.001). Adolescents without household rules around bedtime technology use were more likely to be affected by social media checking (B=-0.34, SE 0.09; P<.001) and importance (B=-0.16, SE 0.04; P<.001) on daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that social media use frequency and perceived importance of social interactions are associated with daytime sleepiness among adolescents. It is important to consider youth's perceptions of social media when assessing the potential effects of social media use frequency on youth well-being. Furthermore, youth who did not have parental rules around bedtime technology use were most likely to be affected by social media use and perceived importance. The findings may extend to other mental health outcomes and may guide future prevention and intervention programs designed to improve social media use, sleep, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woanjun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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38
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Zou Y, He MJ, Su DT, Huang LC, Fang YQ, Zhang RH. The Current Status of Insufficient Sleep Duration and Its Influencing Factors Among Children and Adolescents: A Household Based Cross-Sectional Study in Zhejiang Province, China. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60:e1-e5. [PMID: 33741220 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Insufficient sleep duration is common among children and adolescents worldwide, and the decline of sleep duration during the recent years is troubling. This study aimed to learn the status of insufficient sleep duration and to explore its influencing factors among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province, China. DESIGN AND METHODS A stratified sampling technique was employed in the present cross-sectional study. Demographic characteristics, sports time as well as sedentary behavior were investigated. RESULTS A greater proportion of children than adolescents reported insufficient sleep duration (36.4% versus 19.2%, p = 0.001). For children, insufficient sleep duration was associated with age (OR = 1.290, 95%CI: 1.069-1.557), watching movies or TV shows with smartphones after school (OR = 3.098, 95%CI: 1.293-7.420), surf the internet after school (OR = 0.113, 95%CI: 0.013-0.969), walk to school (OR = 0.289, 95%CI: 0.105-0.793). For adolescents, insufficient sleep duration was associated with watch TV after school (OR = 0.379, 95%CI: 0.148-0.970), watching movies or TV shows with smartphones after school (OR = 4.744, 95%CI: 1.799-12.507), do homework after school (OR = 0.265, 95%CI: 0.086-0.813). CONCLUSIONS An unhealthy sedentary screen lifestyle profile may have influence on insufficient sleep duration. Urgent actions are needed to improve sleep duration among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Meng-Jie He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Dan-Ting Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yue-Qiang Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Rong-Hua Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China.
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39
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Promoting youth mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255294. [PMID: 34379656 PMCID: PMC8357139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced novel stressors into the lives of youth. Identifying factors that protect against the onset of psychopathology in the face of these stressors is critical. We examine a wide range of factors that may protect youth from developing psychopathology during the pandemic. We assessed pandemic-related stressors, internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and potential protective factors by combining two longitudinal samples of children and adolescents (N = 224, 7-10 and 13-15 years) assessed prior to the pandemic, during the stay-at-home orders, and six months later. We evaluated how family behaviors during the stay-at-home orders were related to changes in psychopathology during the pandemic, identified factors that moderate the association of pandemic-related stressors with psychopathology, and determined whether associations varied by age. Internalizing and externalizing psychopathology increased substantially during the pandemic. Higher exposure to pandemic-related stressors was associated with increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms early in the pandemic and six months later. Having a structured routine, less passive screen time, lower exposure to news media about the pandemic, and to a lesser extent more time in nature and getting adequate sleep were associated with reduced psychopathology. The association between pandemic-related stressors and psychopathology was reduced for youths with limited passive screen time and was absent for children, but not adolescents, with lower news media consumption related to the pandemic. We provide insight into simple, practical steps families can take to promote resilience against mental health problems in youth during the COVID-19 pandemic and protect against psychopathology following pandemic-related stressors.
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Kahn M, Barnett N, Glazer A, Gradisar M. COVID-19 babies: auto-videosomnography and parent reports of infant sleep, screen time, and parent well-being in 2019 vs 2020. Sleep Med 2021; 85:259-267. [PMID: 34388504 PMCID: PMC8418313 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted families, yet studies on its effects on infants and their parents have thus far been sparse and based mostly on retrospective parent reporting. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the impact of COVID-19 living conditions on infant and parent sleep, as well as infant screen exposure, parent daytime sleepiness, and parent depression levels, using multi-method assessment. METHODS Infant and parent data collected in 2020 were compared with a matched cohort collected in 2019. The total sample included 1518 US infants aged 1-18 months (M = 8.5, SD = 4.6; 54% boys). Auto-videosomnography metrics were obtained from the 14-day period prior to survey completion (number of analyzed nights: M = 12.11 SD = 2.66 in the 2019 cohort; and M = 11.91 SD = 2.41 in the 2020 cohort). Parents completed online questionnaires regarding their infant's sleep and screen exposure, as well as their own sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depression levels. RESULTS Compared to 2019, infants in 2020 slept ∼40 min more per night on average, as indicated by auto-videosomnography. Infants additionally had earlier sleep timing, and increased parent-reported sleep-onset latency and nocturnal wakefulness. Infant screen time rose by 18.3 min per day for older infants, but remained stable for younger infants. Parents reported lower daytime sleepiness and higher depression symptomology during 2020, whereas no change was apparent in their sleep quality ratings. CONCLUSIONS Restricted living conditions during COVID-19 in the USA led to increased infant screen exposure and parental depression, but also to increased infant sleep duration and reduced parent sleepiness. Future research is needed to examine the mechanistic pathways through which COVID-19 impacted on infant and parent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kahn
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, SA, Australia.
| | | | | | - Michael Gradisar
- Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, SA, Australia
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"Sleep is healthy for your body and brain." Use of student-centered photovoice to explore the translation of sleep promotion at school to sleep behavior at home. Sleep Health 2021; 7:588-595. [PMID: 34301526 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Schools are an important setting to teach and reinforce positive health behaviors such as sleep, however, research that incorporates the student perspective of school-based sleep promotion initiatives is limited. This study explored student's perceptions of sleep behavior (how they understood and valued positive and negative sleep behaviors) and determined if and how students translate school-based sleep promotion to the home. METHODS Forty-five grade 4 and 5 children (aged 9-11 years) were purposefully sampled from 3 schools participating in the Alberta Project Promoting healthy Living for Everyone in schools (APPLE) in Edmonton, Canada. Using focused ethnography as the method and photovoice as a data generating strategy, qualitative in-depth information was generated through photo-taking and one-on-one interviews. Data were analyzed in an iterative, cyclical process using latent content analysis techniques. RESULTS Four themes related to students' perception of sleep behavior within the context of a school-based sleep promotion initiative were identified: sleep is "healthy for your body and brain," sleep habits are rooted in the home environment, school experiences shape positive sleep habits at home, and students translate sleep promotion home if they think it is useful or would be acceptable to the family. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS School-based sleep promotion interventions that are grounded in the comprehensive school health (CSH) approach hold promise for successfully shaping student sleep behavior. To promote health and academic success in children, future interventions should include home-school partnerships that address child sleep across multiple critical learning environments.
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Chong KH, Parrish AM, Cliff DP, Dumuid D, Okely AD. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between 24-Hour Movement Behaviours, Recreational Screen Use and Psychosocial Health Outcomes in Children: A Compositional Data Analysis Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115995. [PMID: 34204928 PMCID: PMC8199728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether the time-use composition of 24-h movement behaviours (sleep, sedentary time (ST), physical activity (PA)) and recreational screen use are independently associated with psychosocial health. This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between 24-h movement behaviour composition, recreational screen use and psychosocial health outcomes in children. Measures completed at baseline (n = 127; 11.7 years) and follow-up (n = 88; 12.8 years) included accelerometer-based 24-h movement behaviours, self-reported recreational screen use and psychosocial health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Kessler’s Psychological Distress Scale). Linear mixed models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the 24-h movement behaviour composition and recreational screen use levels with psychosocial health outcomes. Overall, the movement behaviour composition (p < 0.05) and recreational screen use levels (p < 0.01) were both cross-sectionally but not longitudinally associated with psychosocial health outcomes. Relative to other behaviours, sleep was negatively associated, while light-intensity PA was positively associated with internalising problems and total difficulties scores. ST was positively associated with internalising problems. High levels of recreational screen use (>2 h/day) were associated with greater externalising problems, total difficulties scores and psychological distress. These findings reinforce the importance of achieving a balance between different types of movement behaviours over a 24-h period for psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.-M.P.); (D.P.C.); (A.D.O.)
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.-M.P.); (D.P.C.); (A.D.O.)
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dylan P. Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.-M.P.); (D.P.C.); (A.D.O.)
- School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.-M.P.); (D.P.C.); (A.D.O.)
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Wacks Y, Weinstein AM. Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:669042. [PMID: 34140904 PMCID: PMC8204720 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: This present paper will review the existing evidence on the effects of excessive smartphone use on physical and mental health. Results: Comorbidity with depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD and alcohol use disorder. Excessive smartphone use is associated with difficulties in cognitive-emotion regulation, impulsivity, impaired cognitive function, addiction to social networking, shyness and low self-esteem. Medical problems include sleep problems, reduced physical fitness, unhealthy eating habits, pain and migraines, reduced cognitive control and changes in the brain's gray matter volume. In Conclusion: Excessive smartphone use is associated with psychiatric, cognitive, emotional, medical and brain changes that should be considered by health and education professionals.
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Braçe O, Duncan DT, Correa-Fernández J, Garrido-Cumbrera M. Association of sleep duration with mental health: results from a Spanish general population survey. Sleep Breath 2021; 26:389-396. [PMID: 34003436 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-021-02332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the association of sleep duration and mental health among the general population. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with an adult Spanish population sample between 16 and 64 years old. The information was obtained from data provided by a randomly selected representative sample of 505 adults stratified by age, sex, and geographic area. Participants were interviewed face-to-face in their respective households with questions including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, sleep duration, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire to screen risk for poor mental health. The duration of sleep hours were grouped into the following categories: < 6 h, 6-7 h, and, > 7 h. Regression analysis was used to assess associations between sleep duration and risk of poor mental health. RESULTS A percentage of respondents 13.1% reported sleeping less than 6 h. The analysis demonstrated a significant (p = 0.001) negative (B = - 0.512) relationship between hours of sleep and risk of poor mental health (GHQ-12), demonstrating that reduced sleep duration increases the risk of poor mental health. CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration lower than 6 h is prevalent among the general population in Spain, especially among women and people who frequently use electronic devices. The results show that people who experience shorter sleep duration face a greater risk of poor mental health. These findings suggest that it is important to raise awareness of healthy sleeping habits, with emphasis on adequate sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olta Braçe
- Health & Territory Research, Centro Internacional de la Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ciudad Jardín, 20-22, 41005, Seville, Spain.
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - José Correa-Fernández
- Health & Territory Research, Centro Internacional de la Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ciudad Jardín, 20-22, 41005, Seville, Spain
| | - Marco Garrido-Cumbrera
- Health & Territory Research, Centro Internacional de la Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Ciudad Jardín, 20-22, 41005, Seville, Spain
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Leung CY, Torres R. Sleep duration does not mediate the association between screen time and adolescent depression and anxiety: findings from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health. Sleep Med 2021; 81:227-234. [PMID: 33721600 PMCID: PMC8499699 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Adolescence is a crucial time period in which individuals are at high risk for depression and anxiety. Associations between screen time and adolescent depression and anxiety have been inconclusive. We examined 1) the associations of screen time with adolescent depression and anxiety and 2) whether sleep duration mediates these relationships. METHODS This study utilized data from the 2018 US. National Survey of Children's Health, a large cross-sectional population representative dataset with parent/caregiver responses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between screen time and depression and anxiety in separate models. Path models were used to test the mediating role of sleep duration. Confounders, as sex, age, and sociodemographic variables were included in our adjusted models. RESULTS Data of 10,907 adolescents aged 13 to 17 were included in this study. The average screen time was 3.76 h daily. Compared to no screen time, adolescents who used over 4 h of screen time per day had higher odds of depression (OR = 2.23, 95% CI:1.27-3.91) and anxiety (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.26-2.72). Sleep duration did not mediate the associations between screen time and depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Further research is necessary to examine the associations of screen time content with depression and anxiety, as well as the effects of sleep quality in conjunction with sleep duration on the relationships of screen time and depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Y Leung
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing, Dept. of Community Health Systems, 5th Floor, Box 0608, 2 Koret Way, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Rosamar Torres
- The University of Texas at Austin, School of Nursing, 1710 Red River St., Austin, TX, 78701, USA.
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Zhang Z, Sousa-Sá E, Pereira JR, Okely AD, Feng X, Santos R. Correlates of Sleep Duration in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:407-425. [PMID: 32496141 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1772264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to summarize correlates of sleep duration in children under 5 years of age. METHODS Six electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus) were searched from inception to May 2019. Observational studies and intervention studies reporting cross-sectional results from baseline data were considered. Data were extracted using a predesigned form and potential correlates were categorized following a sociological framework. RESULTS One-hundred and sixteen studies, representing 329,166 children, met the inclusion criteria, with a high risk of bias in 62 included studies. A total of 83 correlates of sleep duration were identified. Among the associations studied four or more times, correlates of nap duration were child's age and nighttime sleep onset/bedtime; correlates of nighttime sleep duration were household income, parent marital status, parental adiposity level, nighttime sleep duration at younger age, nighttime sleep onset/bedtime, nighttime sleep wakeup time, and frequency of current bedtime routine; correlate of total sleep duration was screen time. CONCLUSIONS Young children from low-income households, single families, or having overweight parents may be at risk for short sleep duration. Promoting healthy sleep duration from an early age appears essential. Effective practices may include encouraging an earlier bedtime, limiting screen time, and establishing a regular bedtime routine. The absence of consistent evidence in the psychological, cognitive, and emotional domain as well as the physical environmental domain warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Eduarda Sousa-Sá
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - João R Pereira
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,CIDAF (Uid/dtp/04213/2016), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia.,Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.,Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologia, Lisboa, Portugal
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Armstrong B, Beets MW, Starrett A, Brazendale K, Turner-McGrievy G, Saelens BE, Pate RR, Youngstedt SD, Maydeu-Olivares A, Weaver RG. Dynamics of sleep, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on school versus nonschool days. Sleep 2021; 44:5902294. [PMID: 32893864 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Studies examining time-use activity behaviors (sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity) on school days compared with nonschool days have examined these behaviors independently, ignoring their interrelated nature, limiting our ability to optimize the health benefits of these behaviors. This study examines the associations of school-day (vs. nonschool day) with time-use activity behaviors. METHODS Time series data (6,642 days) from Fitbits (Charge-2) were collected (n = 196, 53% female, 5-10 years). We used a variable-centered dynamic structural equation modeling approach to estimate day-to-day associations of time-use activity behaviors on school days for each child. We then used person-centered cluster analyses to group individuals based on these estimates. RESULTS Within-participant analysis showed that on school days (vs. nonschool days), children (1) slept less (β = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.21, -0.13), (2) were less sedentary (β = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.09, -0.02), and (3) had comparable moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; β = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.11, 0.00). Between-participant analysis showed that, on school days, children with higher sleep carryover experienced greater decreases in sleep (β = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.71), children with higher body mass index z-score decreased sedentary behavior more (β = -0.41, 95% CI = -0.64, -0.13), and children with lower MVPA increased MVPA more (β = -0.41, 95% CI -0.64, -0.13). Cluster analysis demonstrated four distinct patterns of connections between time-use activity behaviors and school (High Activity, Sleep Resilient, High Sedentary, and Dysregulated Sleep). CONCLUSIONS Using a combination of person-centered and more traditional variable-centered approaches, we identified patterns of interrelated behaviors that differed on school, and nonschool days. Findings can inform targeted intervention strategies tailored to children's specific behavior patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Armstrong
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael W Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Angela Starrett
- College of Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | | | - Brian E Saelens
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Center for Child Health Behavior and Development, Seattle, WA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- Department of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - R Glenn Weaver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Kahn M, Barnett N, Glazer A, Gradisar M. Sleep and screen exposure across the beginning of life: deciphering the links using big-data analytics. Sleep 2021; 44:5896445. [PMID: 32832981 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Evidence for the association between screen time and insufficient sleep is bourgeoning, and recent findings suggest that these associations may be more pronounced in younger compared to older children, and for portable compared to non-portable devices. However, these effects have yet to be investigated within the beginning of life. Importantly, there are no data for the relationship between screen exposure and objectively measured infant sleep. This study examined the moderating role of age for both touchscreens' and television's relationship with sleep, using auto-videosomnography within a big-data sample of infants. METHODS The sleep of 1074 infants (46% girls) aged 0-18 months was objectively assessed using computer-vision technology in this cross-sectional study. Sleep was additionally reported by parents in an online survey, as was infant exposure to screens. RESULTS Age significantly moderated the relationship between daytime touchscreen exposure and sleep with a distinct pattern for younger infants, in which screen exposure was associated with decreased daytime sleep, but with a proposed compensatory increase in nighttime sleep consolidation. Compared to touchscreens, television exposure was less likely to be associated with sleep metrics, and age moderated this relationship only for daytime and 24-hour sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS In young infants, a daytime-nighttime sleep "trade-off" emerged, suggesting that the displacement of daytime sleep by screens may lead to greater accumulation of sleep homeostatic pressure, which in turn facilitates more consolidated nighttime sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kahn
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael Gradisar
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Schlieber M, Han J. The Role of Sleep in Young Children's Development: A Review. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:205-217. [PMID: 33825621 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1908218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of studies highlighting the importance of sleep in young children's development and summarizes research-based strategies for implementing healthy sleep practices. Sleep problems are common among young children and is one of the most commonly expressed concerns reported by caregivers. Insufficient sleep, poor sleep quality, and irregular sleep schedules may affect children's physical health, cognitive capacity, socioemotional processes, and behavioral functioning, with implications for children's development and well-being. Family context and factors, confounded with cultural variables, play a critical role in children's sleep behavior and practices. This article presents research-based recommendations to enhance knowledge about children's sleep and to promote appropriate practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schlieber
- Center for the Study of Child Care Employment, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jisu Han
- Graduate School of Education, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea
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Schenkel K, Radtke T, Luszczynska A, Lüscher J, Kulis E, Scholz U. From a mother's point of view: Psycho-social predictors of maternal monitoring strategy and adolescents' electronic media use. J Adolesc 2021; 88:134-145. [PMID: 33773334 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As early adolescents have limited capacities for self-regulating electronic media use (EMU), parental monitoring is needed. However, research has shown that parents do not exert much monitoring over their children's EMU. A theory-based approach may help to identify key predictors of parental monitoring and its effects on adolescents' EMU. Applying the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), this study examined maternal psycho-social predictors of maternal monitoring of EMU and, subsequently, children's EMU. METHODS In Switzerland, 105 mother-adolescent dyads participated in an observational study with two time points (baseline, T1, and follow-up, T2) two weeks apart. Mothers (Mage = 43.83 years, SD = 4.45) reported on their HAPA variables and their children's EMU. Adolescents (Mage = 12.13 years, SD = 0.99; 60 girls and 45 boys) also reported their EMU. RESULTS Maternal outcome expectancies (T1) for less EMU were positively related (β = 0.25) with their intention to monitor EMU (T1). Further, intention was positively associated (β = 0.45) with planning to monitor EMU (T1) which in turn predicted marginally (β = 0.18) maternal monitoring (T2). No significant associations were found between maternal monitoring (T2) and adolescents' EMU (T2) reported by mothers and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to hypotheses derived from the HAPA, findings demonstrate that not all the HAPA variables are linked to maternal monitoring of adolescents' EMU. More research is thus needed to identify antecedents and consequences of different strategies of maternal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schenkel
- Department of Psychology, Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Theda Radtke
- Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostic, Institute of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Aleksandra Luszczynska
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego Street, PL, 53-238, Wroclaw, Poland; Trauma, Health, & Hazards Center, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Pkwy, Colorado Springs, 80918, CO, USA.
| | - Janina Lüscher
- Department of Psychology, Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ewa Kulis
- Wroclaw Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30b Ostrowskiego Street, PL, 53-238, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Urte Scholz
- Department of Psychology, Social and Health Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14/14, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland; University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
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