1
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Suek N, Young T, Fu J. Immune cell profiling in intestinal transplantation. Hum Immunol 2024:110808. [PMID: 38762429 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Since the first published case study of human intestinal transplantation in 1967, there have been significant studies of intestinal transplant immunology in both animal models and humans. An improved understanding of the profiles of different immune cell subsets is critical for understanding their contributions to graft outcomes. While different studies have focused on the contribution of one or a few subsets to intestinal transplant, no study has integrated these data for a comprehensive overview of immune dynamics after intestinal transplant. Here, we provide a systematic review of the literature on different immune subsets and discuss their roles in intestinal transplant outcomes on multiple levels, focusing on chimerism and graft immune reconstitution, clonal alloreactivity, and cell phenotype. In Sections 1, 2 and 3, we lay out a shared framework for understanding intestinal transplant, focusing on the mechanisms of rejection or tolerance in the context of mucosal immunology and illustrate the unique role of the bidirectional graft-versus-host (GvH) and host-versus-graft (HvG) alloresponse. In Sections 4, 5 and 6, we further expand upon these concepts as we discuss the contribution of different cell subsets to intestinal transplant. An improved understanding of intestinal transplantation immunology will bring us closer to maximizing the potential of this important treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Suek
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tyla Young
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianing Fu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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2
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Sadeghi M, Divangahi M. Discovering adaptive features of innate immune memory. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:186-196. [PMID: 38563500 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Conventionally, it was thought that innate immunity operated through a simple system of nonspecific responses to an insult. However, this perspective now seems overly simplistic. It has become evident that intricate cooperation and networking among various cells, receptors, signaling pathways, and protein complexes are essential for regulating and defining the overall activation status of the immune response, where the distinction between innate and adaptive immunity becomes ambiguous. Given the evolutionary timeline of vertebrates and the success of plants and invertebrates which depend solely on innate immunity, immune memory cannot be considered an innovation of only the lymphoid lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary innate immune memory program is a conserved mechanism whereby innate immune cells can induce a heightened response to a secondary stimulus due to metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. Importantly, the longevity of this memory phenotype can be attributed to the reprogramming of self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, which is subsequently transmitted to lineage-committed innate immune cells. HSCs reside within a complex regulated network of immune and stromal cells that govern their two primary functions: self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we delve into the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as metabolic pathways of innate memory in HSCs, which harbor substantial therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Weijler AM, Wekerle T. Combining Treg Therapy With Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation: Experimental Progress and Clinical Perspective. Transplantation 2024; 108:1100-1108. [PMID: 37789519 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Donor-specific tolerance remains a goal in transplantation because it could improve graft survival and reduce morbidity. Cotransplantation of donor hematopoietic cells to achieve chimerism is a promising approach for tolerance induction, which was successfully tested in clinical trials. However, current protocols are associated with side effects related to the myelosuppressive recipient conditioning, which makes it difficult to introduce them as standard therapy. More recently, adoptive cell therapy with polyclonal or donor-specific regulatory T cells (Treg) proved safe and feasible in several transplant trials, but it is unclear whether it can induce tolerance on its own. The combination of both approaches-Treg therapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation-leads to chimerism and tolerance without myelosuppressive treatment in murine models. Treg therapy promotes engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic cells, reducing conditioning requirements and enhancing regulatory mechanisms maintaining tolerance. This review discusses possible modes of action of transferred Treg in experimental chimerism models and describes translational efforts investigating the potent synergy of Treg and chimerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marianne Weijler
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Ambrogi M, Vezina CM. Roles of airway and intestinal epithelia in responding to pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1346087. [PMID: 38736751 PMCID: PMC11082347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1346087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells form a resilient barrier and orchestrate defensive and reparative mechanisms to maintain tissue stability. This review focuses on gut and airway epithelia, which are positioned where the body interfaces with the outside world. We review the many signaling pathways and mechanisms by which epithelial cells at the interface respond to invading pathogens to mount an innate immune response and initiate adaptive immunity and communicate with other cells, including resident microbiota, to heal damaged tissue and maintain homeostasis. We compare and contrast how airway and gut epithelial cells detect pathogens, release antimicrobial effectors, collaborate with macrophages, Tregs and epithelial stem cells to mount an immune response and orchestrate tissue repair. We also describe advanced research models for studying epithelial communication and behaviors during inflammation, tissue injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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5
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Takahashi S, Minnie SA, Ensbey KS, Schmidt CR, Sekiguchi T, Legg SRW, Zhang P, Koyama M, Olver SD, Collinge AD, Keshmiri S, Comstock ML, Varelias A, Green DJ, Hill GR. Regulatory T cells suppress myeloma-specific immunity during autologous stem cell mobilization and transplantation. Blood 2024; 143:1656-1669. [PMID: 38295333 PMCID: PMC11103090 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard of care consolidation therapy for eligible patients with myeloma but most patients eventually progress, an event associated with features of immune escape. Novel approaches to enhance antimyeloma immunity after ASCT represent a major unmet need. Here, we demonstrate that patient-mobilized stem cell grafts contain high numbers of effector CD8 T cells and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). We showed that bone marrow (BM)-residing T cells are efficiently mobilized during stem cell mobilization (SCM) and hypothesized that mobilized and highly suppressive BM-derived Tregs might limit antimyeloma immunity during SCM. Thus, we performed ASCT in a preclinical myeloma model with or without stringent Treg depletion during SCM. Treg depletion generated SCM grafts containing polyfunctional CD8 T effector memory cells, which dramatically enhanced myeloma control after ASCT. Thus, we explored clinically tractable translational approaches to mimic this scenario. Antibody-based approaches resulted in only partial Treg depletion and were inadequate to recapitulate this effect. In contrast, a synthetic interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-15 mimetic that stimulates the IL-2 receptor on CD8 T cells without binding to the high-affinity IL-2Ra used by Tregs efficiently expanded polyfunctional CD8 T cells in mobilized grafts and protected recipients from myeloma progression after ASCT. We confirmed that Treg depletion during stem cell mobilization can mitigate constraints on tumor immunity and result in profound myeloma control after ASCT. Direct and selective cytokine signaling of CD8 T cells can recapitulate this effect and represent a clinically testable strategy to improve responses after ASCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichiro Takahashi
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Simone A. Minnie
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen S. Ensbey
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Christine R. Schmidt
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Tomoko Sekiguchi
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Samuel R. W. Legg
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Motoko Koyama
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stuart D. Olver
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Sara Keshmiri
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Melissa L. Comstock
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Antiopi Varelias
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Damian J. Green
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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6
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Pereira MVA, Galvani RG, Gonçalves-Silva T, de Vasconcelo ZFM, Bonomo A. Tissue adaptation of CD4 T lymphocytes in homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379376. [PMID: 38690280 PMCID: PMC11058666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is traditionally classified as a defense system that can discriminate between self and non-self or dangerous and non-dangerous situations, unleashing a tolerogenic reaction or immune response. These activities are mainly coordinated by the interaction between innate and adaptive cells that act together to eliminate harmful stimuli and keep tissue healthy. However, healthy tissue is not always the end point of an immune response. Much evidence has been accumulated over the years, showing that the immune system has complex, diversified, and integrated functions that converge to maintaining tissue homeostasis, even in the absence of aggression, interacting with the tissue cells and allowing the functional maintenance of that tissue. One of the main cells known for their function in helping the immune response through the production of cytokines is CD4+ T lymphocytes. The cytokines produced by the different subtypes act not only on immune cells but also on tissue cells. Considering that tissues have specific mediators in their architecture, it is plausible that the presence and frequency of CD4+ T lymphocytes of specific subtypes (Th1, Th2, Th17, and others) maintain tissue homeostasis. In situations where homeostasis is disrupted, such as infections, allergies, inflammatory processes, and cancer, local CD4+ T lymphocytes respond to this disruption and, as in the healthy tissue, towards the equilibrium of tissue dynamics. CD4+ T lymphocytes can be manipulated by tumor cells to promote tumor development and metastasis, making them a prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Therefore, understanding the function of tissue-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes is essential in developing new strategies for treating tissue-specific diseases, as occurs in cancer. In this context, this article reviews the evidence for this hypothesis regarding the phenotypes and functions of CD4+ T lymphocytes and compares their contribution to maintaining tissue homeostasis in different organs in a steady state and during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. A. Pereira
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rômulo G. Galvani
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Triciana Gonçalves-Silva
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Zilton Farias Meira de Vasconcelo
- Laboratory of High Complexity, Fernandes Figueira National Institute for The Health of Mother, Child, and Adolescent, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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7
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Ross JB, Myers LM, Noh JJ, Collins MM, Carmody AB, Messer RJ, Dhuey E, Hasenkrug KJ, Weissman IL. Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity. Nature 2024; 628:162-170. [PMID: 38538791 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Ageing of the immune system is characterized by decreased lymphopoiesis and adaptive immunity, and increased inflammation and myeloid pathologies1,2. Age-related changes in populations of self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to underlie these phenomena3. During youth, HSCs with balanced output of lymphoid and myeloid cells (bal-HSCs) predominate over HSCs with myeloid-biased output (my-HSCs), thereby promoting the lymphopoiesis required for initiating adaptive immune responses, while limiting the production of myeloid cells, which can be pro-inflammatory4. Ageing is associated with increased proportions of my-HSCs, resulting in decreased lymphopoiesis and increased myelopoiesis3,5,6. Transfer of bal-HSCs results in abundant lymphoid and myeloid cells, a stable phenotype that is retained after secondary transfer; my-HSCs also retain their patterns of production after secondary transfer5. The origin and potential interconversion of these two subsets is still unclear. If they are separate subsets postnatally, it might be possible to reverse the ageing phenotype by eliminating my-HSCs in aged mice. Here we demonstrate that antibody-mediated depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system, including increasing common lymphocyte progenitors, naive T cells and B cells, while decreasing age-related markers of immune decline. Depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice improves primary and secondary adaptive immune responses to viral infection. These findings may have relevance to the understanding and intervention of diseases exacerbated or caused by dominance of the haematopoietic system by my-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Ross
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lara M Myers
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madison M Collins
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Aaron B Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ronald J Messer
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Erica Dhuey
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Isaacs JF, Degefu HN, Chen T, Kleist SA, Musial SC, Ford MA, Searles TG, Lin CC, Skorput AGJ, Shirai K, Turk MJ, Zanazzi GJ, Rosato PC. CD39 is expressed on functional effector and tissue resident memory CD8+ T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585252. [PMID: 38559200 PMCID: PMC10980075 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ecto-ATPase CD39 is expressed on exhausted CD8+ T cells in chronic viral infection and has been proposed as a marker of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in cancer, but the role of CD39 in an effector and memory T cell response has not been clearly defined. We report that CD39 is expressed on antigen-specific CD8+ short-lived effector cells (SLECs), while it's co-ecto-enzyme, CD73, is found on memory precursor effector cells (MPEC) in vivo . Inhibition of CD39 enzymatic activity during in vitro T cell priming enhances MPEC differentiation in vivo after transfer and infection. The enriched MPEC phenotype is associated with enhanced tissue resident memory (T RM ) establishment in the brain and salivary gland following an acute intranasal viral infection, suggesting that CD39 ATPase activity plays a role in memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. We also show that CD39 is expressed on human and murine T RM across several non-lymphoid tissues and melanoma, while CD73 is expressed on both circulating and resident memory subsets in mice. In contrast to exhausted CD39+ T cells in chronic infection, CD39+ T RM are fully functional when stimulated ex vivo with cognate antigen. This work further expands the identity of CD39 beyond a T cell exhaustion marker.
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9
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Casey M, Lee C, Kwok WY, Law SC, Corvino D, Gandhi MK, Harrison SJ, Nakamura K. Regulatory T cells hamper the efficacy of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody therapy. Haematologica 2024; 109:787-798. [PMID: 37767564 PMCID: PMC10905103 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.283758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAb) have produced impressive clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, although treatment failure remains a major clinical challenge. Growing evidence suggests that a complex interplay between immune cells and tumor cells is implicated in the mechanism of action and therefore, understanding immune regulatory mechanisms might provide a clue for how to improve the efficacy of T-BsAb therapy. Here, we investigated the functional impact of regulatory T (Treg) cells on anti-tumor immunity elicited by T-BsAb therapy. In a preclinical model of myeloma, the activation and expansion of Treg cells in the bone marrow were observed in response to anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) T-BsAb therapy. T-BsAb triggered the generation of induced Treg cells from human conventional CD4 cells after co-culture with tumor cells. Moreover, T-BsAb directly activated freshly isolated circulating Treg cells, leading to the production of interleukin-10 and inhibition of T-BsAb-mediated CD8 T-cell responses. The activation of Treg cells was also seen in bone marrow samples from myeloma patients after ex vivo treatment with T-BsAb, further supporting that T-BsAb have an impact on Treg homeostasis. Importantly, transient ablation of Treg cells in combination with T-BsAb therapy dramatically improved effector lymphocyte activities and disease control in the preclinical myeloma model, leading to prolonged survival. Together, this information suggests that therapy-induced activation of Treg cells critically regulates anti-tumor immunity elicited by T-BsAb therapy, with important implications for improving the efficacy of such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Casey
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD
| | - Carol Lee
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD
| | - Wing Yu Kwok
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD
| | - Soi Cheng Law
- Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Dillon Corvino
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Simon J Harrison
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immune Targeting in Blood Cancers Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD.
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10
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Yang Z, Dong R, Mao X, He XC, Li L. Stress-protecting harbors for hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102284. [PMID: 37995509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on specialized microenvironments known as niches to maintain their self-renewal and multilineage potential to generate diverse types of blood cells continuously. Over the last two decades, substantial advancements have been made in unraveling the niche cell components and HSC localizations under homeostatic and stressed circumstances. Advances in imaging, combined with the discovery of phenotypic surface markers combinations and single cell sequencing, have greatly facilitated the systematic examination of HSC localizations. This review aims to present a summary of HSC localizations, highlighting potential distinctions between phenotypically and functionally defined HSCs, and explore the functionality of niches in ensuring the integrity and long-term maintenance of HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ruochen Dong
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xinjian Mao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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11
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Poveda-Garavito N, Combita AL. Contribution of the TIME in BCP-ALL: the basis for novel approaches therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325255. [PMID: 38299154 PMCID: PMC10827891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment where both immune and non-immune cells functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to the regulation of hematopoiesis. It is regulated by various signaling molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in its microenvironment. However, despite the strict regulation of BM signals to maintain their steady state, accumulating evidence in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) indicates that leukemic cells can disrupt the physiological hematopoietic niche in the BM, creating a new leukemia-supportive microenvironment. This environment favors immunological evasion mechanisms and the interaction of these cells with the development and progression of BCP-ALL. With a growing understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in the development and progression of BCP-ALL, current strategies focused on "re-editing" TIME to promote antitumor immunity have been developed. In this review, we summarize how TIME cells are disrupted by the presence of leukemic cells, evading immunosurveillance mechanisms in the BCP-ALL model. We also explore the crosstalk between TIME and leukemic cells that leads to treatment resistance, along with the most promising immuno-therapy strategies. Understanding and further research into the role of the BM microenvironment in leukemia progression and relapse are crucial for developing more effective treatments and reducing patient mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Poveda-Garavito
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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12
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Yang KY, Liao J, Ma Z, Tse HF, Lu L, Graca L, Lui KO. Single-cell transcriptomics of Treg reveals hallmarks and trajectories of immunological aging. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:19-35. [PMID: 37675661 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related immunosenescence is characterized by progressive dysfunction of adaptive immune response and increased autoimmunity. Nevertheless, the impact of aging on CD4+ regulatory T cells that are master regulators of the immune system remains largely unclear. Here, we report cellular and molecular hallmarks of regulatory T cells derived from murine lymphoid and adipose tissues at 3, 18, and 24 mo of age, respectively, by analyzing their heterogeneity that displays dynamic changes in transcriptomic effector signatures at a single-cell resolution. Although the proportion of regulatory T cells among total Cd4+ T cells, as well as their expression levels of Foxp3, did not show any global change with time, we have identified 6 transcriptomically distinct clusters of regulatory T cells with cross-tissue conserved hallmarks of aging, including increased numbers of proinflammatory regulatory T cells, reduced precursor cells, increased immature and mature T follicular regulatory cells potentially supported by a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, a gradual loss of CD150hi regulatory T cells that support hematopoiesis, and increased adipose tissue-specific regulatory T cells that are associated with metabolic disease. To dissect the impact of immunosenescence on humoral immunity, we propose some potential mechanisms underlying T follicular regulatory cell-mediated dysfunction by interactome analysis on T follicular regulatory cells, T follicular helper cells, and B cells during aging. Lastly, spatiotemporal analysis further revealed trajectories of regulatory T-cell aging that demonstrate the most significant changes in marrow and adipose tissues that might contribute to the development of age-related immunosenescence and type 2 diabetes. Taken together, our findings could provide a better understanding of age-associated regulatory T-cell heterogeneity in lymphoid and adipose tissues, as well as regulatory T-cell hallmarks during progressive adaptation to aging that could be therapeutically targeted for rejuvenating the aging immune system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Yang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinyue Liao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhangjing Ma
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung Fat Tse
- Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luis Graca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício Egas Moniz, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, No. 10 2nd Yuexin Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Ando R, Shiraki Y, Miyai Y, Shimizu H, Furuhashi K, Minatoguchi S, Kato K, Kato A, Iida T, Mizutani Y, Ito K, Asai N, Mii S, Esaki N, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Meflin is a marker of pancreatic stellate cells involved in fibrosis and epithelial regeneration in the pancreas. J Pathol 2024; 262:61-75. [PMID: 37796386 DOI: 10.1002/path.6211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are stromal cells in the pancreas that play an important role in pancreatic pathology. In chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), PSCs are known to get activated to form myofibroblasts or cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that promote stromal fibroinflammatory reactions. However, previous studies on PSCs were mainly based on the findings obtained using ex vivo expanded PSCs, with few studies that addressed the significance of in situ tissue-resident PSCs using animal models. Their contributions to fibrotic reactions in CP and PDAC are also lesser-known. These limitations in our understanding of PSC biology have been attributed to the lack of specific molecular markers of PSCs. Herein, we established Meflin (Islr), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein, as a PSC-specific marker in both mouse and human by using human pancreatic tissue samples and Meflin reporter mice. Meflin-positive (Meflin+ ) cells contain lipid droplets and express the conventional PSC marker Desmin in normal mouse pancreas, with some cells also positive for Gli1, the marker of pancreatic tissue-resident fibroblasts. Three-dimensional analysis of the cleared pancreas of Meflin reporter mice showed that Meflin+ PSCs have long and thin cytoplasmic protrusions, and are localised on the abluminal side of vessels in the normal pancreas. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that Meflin+ PSCs constitute one of the origins of fibroblasts and CAFs in CP and PDAC, respectively. In these diseases, Meflin+ PSC-derived fibroblasts showed a distinctive morphology and distribution from Meflin+ PSCs in the normal pancreas. Furthermore, we showed that the genetic depletion of Meflin+ PSCs accelerated fibrosis and attenuated epithelial regeneration and stromal R-spondin 3 expression, thereby implying that Meflin+ PSCs and their lineage cells may support tissue recovery and Wnt/R-spondin signalling after pancreatic injury and PDAC development. Together, these data indicate that Meflin may be a marker specific to tissue-resident PSCs and useful for studying their biology in both health and disease. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Ando
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shun Minatoguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kisuke Ito
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Division of International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
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14
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Zheng K, Wei Z, Li W. Ecological insights into hematopoiesis regulation: unraveling the influence of gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2350784. [PMID: 38727219 PMCID: PMC11093038 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2350784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota constitutes a vast ecological system within the human body, forming a mutually interdependent entity with the host. In recent years, advancements in molecular biology technologies have provided a clearer understanding of the role of the gut microbiota. They not only influence the local immune status and metabolic functions of the host's intestinal tract but also impact the functional transformation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the gut-blood axis. In this review, we will discuss the role of the gut microbiota in influencing hematopoiesis. We analyze the interactions between HSCs and other cellular components, with a particular emphasis on the direct functional regulation of HSCs by the gut microbiota and their indirect influence through cellular components in the bone marrow microenvironment. Additionally, we propose potential control targets for signaling pathways triggered by the gut microbiota to regulate hematopoietic function, filling crucial knowledge gaps in the development of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Zheng
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Anerillas LO, Wiberg M, Kingham PJ, Kelk P. Platelet lysate for expansion or osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for 3D tissue constructs. Regen Ther 2023; 24:298-310. [PMID: 37588134 PMCID: PMC10425714 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the development of tissue-engineered constructs has advanced in recent years. However, future clinically approved products require following good manufacturing practice (GMP) guidelines. This includes using alternatives to xenogeneic-derived cell culture supplements to avoid rejection of the transplants. Consequently, human platelet lysate (PLT) has been adopted as an affordable and effective alternative to foetal bovine serum (FBS) in traditional 2D cultures. However, little is known about its effect in more advanced 3D culture systems. Methods We evaluated bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) proliferation and CD marker expression in cells expanded in FBS or PLT-supplemented media. Differentiation capacity of the BMSCs expanded in the presence of the different supplements was evaluated in 3D type I collagen hydrogels. Furthermore, the effects of the supplements on the process of differentiation were analyzed by using qPCR and histological staining. Results Cell proliferation was greater in PLT-supplemented media versus FBS. BMSCs expanded in PLT showed similar osteogenic differentiation capacity in 3D compared with FBS expanded cells. In contrast, when cells were 3D differentiated in PLT they showed lower osteogenesis versus the traditional FBS protocol. This was also the case for adipogenic differentiation, in which FBS supplementation was superior to PLT. Conclusions PLT is a superior alternative to FBS for the expansion of MSCs without compromising their subsequent differentiation capacity in 3D. However, differentiation in PLT is impaired. Thus, PLT can be used to reduce the time required to expand the necessary cell numbers for development of 3D tissue engineered MSC constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical & Perioperative Sciences, Section for Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J. Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peyman Kelk
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Karpenko DV. Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1818-1831. [PMID: 38105201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term "stem system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Karpenko
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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17
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Tsubosaka A, Komura D, Kakiuchi M, Katoh H, Onoyama T, Yamamoto A, Abe H, Seto Y, Ushiku T, Ishikawa S. Stomach encyclopedia: Combined single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal cell diversity and homeostatic regulation of human stomach. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113236. [PMID: 37819756 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomach is an important digestive organ with various biological functions. However, because of the complexity of its cellular and glandular composition, its precise cellular biology has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and subcellular-level spatial transcriptomics analysis of the human stomach and constructed the largest dataset to date: a stomach encyclopedia. This dataset consists of approximately 380,000 cells from scRNA-seq and the spatial transcriptome, enabling integrated analyses of transcriptional and spatial information of gastric and metaplastic cells. This analysis identified LEFTY1 as an uncharacterized stem cell marker, which was confirmed through lineage tracing analysis. A wide variety of cell-cell interactions between epithelial and stromal cells, including PDGFRA+BMP4+WNT5A+ fibroblasts, was highlighted in the developmental switch of intestinal metaplasia. Our extensive dataset will function as a fundamental resource in investigations of the stomach, including studies of development, aging, and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Tsubosaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Kakiuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Onoyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishicho, Yonago 683-8504, Tottori, Japan
| | - Asami Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Dpartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-kyu 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Dpartment of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 1130033, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, 6-5-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8577, Chiba, Japan.
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18
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Doleski PH, Cabral FL, Jantsch MH, Ebone RS, Adefegha SA, Leal DBR, Schetinger MRC. Kinetic properties of E-NTPDase activity in lymphocytes isolated from bone marrow, thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of Wistar rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04860-7. [PMID: 37792238 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane anchored nucleotidases (E-ATPDases), as the E-NTPDase family, could hydrolyze and regulate the pericellular levels of nucleotides in lymphocytes. Each immune organ has a different microenvironment and display lymphocytes with different functions and phenotypes. Considering the different functions of each resident subpopulations of lymphocytes, the E-ATPDases activities in bone marrow (BML), thymus (TL) and mesenteric lymph node (MLL) lymphocytes of Wistar rats were characterized. The hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides (eATP and eADP) showed linearity in time of reaction between 0 and 120 min, and concentration of lymphocytes expressed in proteins between 1 and 6 μg protein in the reaction medium. The optimal activity was attained at 37 °C in a pH value of 8.0. The necessity of the cofactors Ca2+ and Mg2+ for the enzymatic activity was confirmed through a curve of concentration of 0-1000 µM in the reaction medium, with both cofactors showing similar effects in the enzymatic activity. The Chevillard plot revealed that the hydrolysis of eATP and eADP occurred at the same active site of the enzyme. The analyses of E-ATPDases inhibitor and enzyme specificity showed possible involvement of E-NTPDase isoforms - 1 and - 2 in the isolated cells. Furthermore, different kinetic behavior of the nucleotide hydrolysis in each resident subpopulation lymphocyte was observed in this study, as MLL showed the higher Vmax with the lowest km values, while TL had the lowest Vmax and high km values. The kinetic values for E-NTPDase activity of each immune tissue lymphocytes can be an important therapeutic target for numeral immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Doleski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Matheus Henrique Jantsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renan Silva Ebone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Stephen Adeniyi Adefegha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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19
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Liao W, Liu C, Yang K, Chen J, Wu Y, Zhang S, Yu K, Wang L, Ran L, Chen M, Chen F, Xu Y, Wang S, Wang F, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Ye L, Du C, Wang J. Aged hematopoietic stem cells entrap regulatory T cells to create a prosurvival microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1216-1231. [PMID: 37644165 PMCID: PMC10541885 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA mutation drives stem cell aging, how mutation-accumulated stem cells obtain clonal advantage during aging remains poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model of irradiation-induced premature aging and middle-aged mice, we show that DNA mutation accumulation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during aging upregulates their surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII). MHCII upregulation increases the chance for recognition by bone marrow (BM)-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in their clonal expansion and accumulation in the HSC niche. On the basis of the establishment of connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated gap junctions, BM Tregs transfer cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to aged HSCs to diminish apoptotic priming and promote their survival via activation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. Importantly, targeting the HSC-Treg interaction or depleting Tregs effectively prevents the premature/physiological aging of HSCs. These findings show that aged HSCs use an active self-protective mechanism by entrapping local Tregs to construct a prosurvival niche and obtain a clonal advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiding Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Kuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400038, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Balandrán JC, Lasry A, Aifantis I. The Role of Inflammation in the Initiation and Progression of Myeloid Neoplasms. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:254-266. [PMID: 37052531 PMCID: PMC10320626 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies are devastating hematologic cancers with limited therapeutic options. Inflammation is emerging as a novel driver of myeloid malignancy, with important implications for tumor composition, immune response, therapeutic options, and patient survival. Here, we discuss the role of inflammation in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, from clonal hematopoiesis to full-blown myeloid leukemia. We discuss how inflammation shapes clonal output from hematopoietic stem cells, how inflammation alters the immune microenvironment in the bone marrow, and novel therapies aimed at targeting inflammation in myeloid disease. SIGNIFICANCE Inflammation is emerging as an important factor in myeloid malignancies. Understanding the role of inflammation in myeloid transformation, and the interplay between inflammation and other drivers of leukemogenesis, may yield novel avenues for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Balandrán
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Audrey Lasry
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Department of Pathology and Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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21
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Glasner A, Rose SA, Sharma R, Gudjonson H, Chu T, Green JA, Rampersaud S, Valdez IK, Andretta ES, Dhillon BS, Schizas M, Dikiy S, Mendoza A, Hu W, Wang ZM, Chaudhary O, Xu T, Mazutis L, Rizzuto G, Quintanal-Villalonga A, Manoj P, de Stanchina E, Rudin CM, Pe'er D, Rudensky AY. Conserved transcriptional connectivity of regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment informs new combination cancer therapy strategies. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1020-1035. [PMID: 37127830 PMCID: PMC10232368 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
While regulatory T (Treg) cells are traditionally viewed as professional suppressors of antigen presenting cells and effector T cells in both autoimmunity and cancer, recent findings of distinct Treg cell functions in tissue maintenance suggest that their regulatory purview extends to a wider range of cells and is broader than previously assumed. To elucidate tumoral Treg cell 'connectivity' to diverse tumor-supporting accessory cell types, we explored immediate early changes in their single-cell transcriptomes upon punctual Treg cell depletion in experimental lung cancer and injury-induced inflammation. Before any notable T cell activation and inflammation, fibroblasts, endothelial and myeloid cells exhibited pronounced changes in their gene expression in both cancer and injury settings. Factor analysis revealed shared Treg cell-dependent gene programs, foremost, prominent upregulation of VEGF and CCR2 signaling-related genes upon Treg cell deprivation in either setting, as well as in Treg cell-poor versus Treg cell-rich human lung adenocarcinomas. Accordingly, punctual Treg cell depletion combined with short-term VEGF blockade showed markedly improved control of PD-1 blockade-resistant lung adenocarcinoma progression in mice compared to the corresponding monotherapies, highlighting a promising factor-based querying approach to elucidating new rational combination treatments of solid organ cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Glasner
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel A Rose
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Herman Gudjonson
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tinyi Chu
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesse A Green
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sham Rampersaud
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Izabella K Valdez
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma S Andretta
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bahawar S Dhillon
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michail Schizas
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stanislav Dikiy
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alejandra Mendoza
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Wang
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ojasvi Chaudhary
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianhao Xu
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linas Mazutis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gabrielle Rizzuto
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Parvathy Manoj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Hu XH, Chen L, Wu H, Tang YB, Zheng QM, Wei XY, Wei Q, Huang Q, Chen J, Xu X. Cell therapy in end-stage liver disease: replace and remodel. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:141. [PMID: 37231461 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is prevalent worldwide. When it reaches the end stage, mortality rises to 50% or more. Although liver transplantation has emerged as the most efficient treatment for end-stage liver disease, its application has been limited by the scarcity of donor livers. The lack of acceptable donor organs implies that patients are at high risk while waiting for suitable livers. In this scenario, cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach. Most of the time, transplanted cells can replace host hepatocytes and remodel the hepatic microenvironment. For instance, hepatocytes derived from donor livers or stem cells colonize and proliferate in the liver, can replace host hepatocytes, and restore liver function. Other cellular therapy candidates, such as macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells, can remodel the hepatic microenvironment, thereby repairing the damaged liver. In recent years, cell therapy has transitioned from animal research to early human studies. In this review, we will discuss cell therapy in end-stage liver disease treatment, especially focusing on various cell types utilized for cell transplantation, and elucidate the processes involved. Furthermore, we will also summarize the practical obstacles of cell therapy and offer potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hao Hu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yang-Bo Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiu-Min Zheng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xu-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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23
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Sun T, Li D, Huang L, Zhu X. Inflammatory abrasion of hematopoietic stem cells: a candidate clue for the post-CAR-T hematotoxicity? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141779. [PMID: 37223096 PMCID: PMC10200893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown remarkable effects in treating various hematological malignancies. However, hematotoxicity, specifically neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, poses a serious threat to patient prognosis and remains a less focused adverse effect of CAR-T therapy. The mechanism underlying lasting or recurring late-phase hematotoxicity, long after the influence of lymphodepletion therapy and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current clinical studies on CAR-T late hematotoxicity to clarify its definition, incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and interventions. Owing to the effectiveness of transfusing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in rescuing severe CAR-T late hematotoxicity and the unignorable role of inflammation in CAR-T therapy, this review also discusses possible mechanisms of the harmful influence of inflammation on HSCs, including inflammatory abrasion of the number and the function of HSCs. We also discuss chronic and acute inflammation. Cytokines, cellular immunity, and niche factors likely to be disturbed in CAR-T therapy are highlighted factors with possible contributions to post-CAR-T hematotoxicity.
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24
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Tang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Cui S, Xu R, Wang Y. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of resting hematopoietic stem cells: a promising targeted therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 37038215 PMCID: PMC10088186 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the common and essential precursors of all blood cells, including immune cells, and they are responsible for the lifelong maintenance and damage repair of blood tissue homeostasis. The vast majority (> 95%) of HSCs are in a resting state under physiological conditions and are only activated to play a functional role under stress conditions. This resting state affects their long-term survival and is also closely related to the lifelong maintenance of hematopoietic function; however, abnormal changes may also be an important factor leading to the decline of immune function in the body and the occurrence of diseases in various systems. While the importance of resting HSCs has attracted increasing research attention, our current understanding of this topic remains insufficient, and the direction of clinical targeted treatments is unclear. Here, we describe the functions of HSCs, analyze the regulatory mechanisms that affect their resting state, and discuss the relationship between resting HSCs and different diseases, with a view to providing guidance for the future clinical implementation of related targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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25
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Astarita JL, Dominguez CX, Tan C, Guillen J, Pauli ML, Labastida R, Valle J, Kleinschek M, Lyons J, Zarrin AA. Treg specialization and functions beyond immune suppression. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 211:176-183. [PMID: 36571811 PMCID: PMC10019124 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The actions of the immune system are finely tuned, involving complex communication and coordination between diverse immune and non-immune cells across the tissues of the body. A healthy immune system requires a precise balance between immunity and tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have long been appreciated as one of the master regulators of this balance; their importance is underscored by the autoimmunity that develops in mice and humans when Tregs are missing or dysfunctional. In addition to the immunoregulatory roles of Tregs in suppressing autoimmunity and inflammation via control of adaptive and innate immune responses, several non-immune modulatory functions of Tregs have been identified in recent years. In this review, we have highlighted the growing literature on the action of Tregs in metabolism, stem cell maintenance, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. Alongside Tregs' immune suppressive role, these non-suppressive activities comprise a key function of Tregs in regulating health and disease. As Tregs receive increasing attention as therapeutic targets, understanding their non-canonical functions may become an important feature of Treg-directed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corey Tan
- TRex Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jose Valle
- TRex Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jesse Lyons
- TRex Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Correspondence: TRexBio, fourth floor, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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26
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Ruggieri L, Moretti A, Berardi R, Cona MS, Dalu D, Villa C, Chizzoniti D, Piva S, Gambaro A, La Verde N. Host-Related Factors in the Interplay among Inflammation, Immunity and Dormancy in Breast Cancer Recurrence and Prognosis: An Overview for Clinicians. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054974. [PMID: 36902406 PMCID: PMC10002538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients treated for early breast cancer develop medium-term and late distant recurrence. The delayed manifestation of metastatic disease is defined as "dormancy". This model describes the aspects of the clinical latency of isolated metastatic cancer cells. Dormancy is regulated by extremely complex interactions between disseminated cancer cells and the microenvironment where they reside, the latter in turn influenced directly by the host. Among these entangled mechanisms, inflammation and immunity may play leading roles. This review is divided into two parts: the first describes the biological underpinnings of cancer dormancy and the role of the immune response, in particular, for breast cancer; the second provides an overview of the host-related factors that may influence systemic inflammation and immune response, subsequently impacting the dynamics of breast cancer dormancy. The aim of this review is to provide physicians and medical oncologists a useful tool to understand the clinical implications of this relevant topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ruggieri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Moretti
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Carlo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20153 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- Department of Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche—AOU delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia Cona
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Dalu
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Villa
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Chizzoniti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Sheila Piva
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Gambaro
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicla La Verde
- Medical Oncology Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B. Grassi, n° 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-3904-2492
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27
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Tikka C, Beasley L, Xu C, Yang J, Cooper S, Lechner J, Gutch S, Kaplan MH, Capitano M, Yang K. BATF sustains homeostasis and functionality of bone marrow Treg cells to preserve homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis and development of B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1026368. [PMID: 36911703 PMCID: PMC9992736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1026368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow Treg cells (BM Tregs) orchestrate stem cell niches crucial for hematopoiesis. Yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing BM Treg homeostasis and function. Here we report that the transcription factor BATF maintains homeostasis and functionality of BM Tregs to facilitate homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis and B cell development. Treg-specific ablation of BATF profoundly compromised proportions of BM Tregs associated with reduced expression of Treg effector molecules, including CD44, ICOS, KLRG1, and TIGIT. Moreover, BATF deficiency in Tregs led to increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), multipotent progenitors (MPPs), and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs), while reducing the functionality of myeloid progenitors and the generation of common lymphoid progenitors. Furthermore, Tregs lacking BATF failed to support the development of B cells in the BM. Mechanistically, BATF mediated IL-7 signaling to promote expression of effector molecules on BM Tregs and their homeostasis. Our studies reveal a previously unappreciated role for BATF in sustaining BM Treg homeostasis and function to ensure hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsay Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chengxian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Scott Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Lechner
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sarah Gutch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark H. Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Maegan Capitano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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28
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Dikiy S, Rudensky AY. Principles of regulatory T cell function. Immunity 2023; 56:240-255. [PMID: 36792571 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a distinct lineage of cells of the adaptive immune system indispensable for forestalling fatal autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. The role of Treg cells as principal guardians of the immune system can be attributed to their ability to restrain all currently recognized major types of inflammatory responses through modulating the activity of a wide range of cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. This broad purview over immunity and inflammation is afforded by the multiple modes of action Treg cells exert upon their diverse molecular and cellular targets. Beyond the suppression of autoimmunity for which they were originally recognized, Treg cells have been implicated in tissue maintenance, repair, and regeneration under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Herein, we discuss the current and emerging understanding of Treg cell effector mechanisms in the context of the basic properties of Treg cells that endow them with such functional versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Dikiy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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29
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Locally sourced: site-specific immune barriers to metastasis. Nat Rev Immunol 2023:10.1038/s41577-023-00836-2. [PMID: 36750616 PMCID: PMC9904275 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells migrate very early from primary sites to distant sites, and yet metastases often take years to manifest themselves clinically or never even surface within a patient's lifetime. This pause in cancer progression emphasizes the existence of barriers that constrain the growth of disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) at distant sites. Although the nature of these barriers to metastasis might include DTC-intrinsic traits, recent studies have established that the local microenvironment also controls the formation of metastases. In this Perspective, I discuss how site-specific differences of the immune system might be a major selective growth restraint on DTCs, and argue that harnessing tissue immunity will be essential for the next stage in immunotherapy development that reliably prevents the establishment of metastases.
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30
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Perry JM. Immune System Influence on Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Leukemia Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:125-135. [PMID: 38228962 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the source for all blood cells, including immune cells, and they interact dynamically with the immune system. This chapter will explore the nature of stem cells, particularly HSCs, in the context of their immune microenvironment. The dynamic interactions between stem cells and the immune system can have profound implications for current and future therapies, particularly regarding a potential "immune-privileged" HSC microenvironment. Immune/stem cell interactions change during times of stress and injury. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have overturned the long-standing belief that, being derived from the self, cancer cells should be immunotolerant. Instead, an immunosurveillance system recognizes and eliminates emergent pre-cancerous cells. Only in the context of a failing immunosurveillance system does cancer fully develop. Combined with the knowledge that stem cells or their unique properties can be critically important for cancer initiation, persistence, and resistance to therapy, understanding the unique immune properties of stem cells will be critical for the development of future cancer therapies. Accordingly, the therapeutic implications for leukemic stem cells (LSCs) inheriting an immune-privileged state from HSCs will be discussed. Through their dynamic interactions with a diverse immune system, stem cells serve as the light and dark root of cancer prevention vs. development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Perry
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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31
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Quo Vadis? Immunodynamics of Myeloid Cells after Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415814. [PMID: 36555456 PMCID: PMC9779515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), a major contributor to worldwide morbidity and mortality, is caused by a lack of blood flow to the heart. Affected heart tissue becomes ischemic due to deficiency of blood perfusion and oxygen delivery. In case sufficient blood flow cannot be timely restored, cardiac injury with necrosis occurs. The ischemic/necrotic area induces a systemic inflammatory response and hundreds of thousands of leukocytes are recruited from the blood to the injured heart. The blood pool of leukocytes is rapidly depleted and urgent re-supply of these cells is needed. Myeloid cells are generated in the bone marrow (BM) and spleen, released into the blood, travel to sites of need, extravasate and accumulate inside tissues to accomplish various functions. In this review we focus on the "leukocyte supply chain" and will separately evaluate different myeloid cell compartments (BM, spleen, blood, heart) in steady state and after MI. Moreover, we highlight the local and systemic kinetics of extracellular factors, chemokines and danger signals involved in the regulation of production/generation, release, transportation, uptake, and activation of myeloid cells during the inflammatory phase of MI.
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32
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Huang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Wen F, Liu S, Oudeng G. Recent advances in engineering hydrogels for niche biomimicking and hematopoietic stem cell culturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049965. [PMID: 36507253 PMCID: PMC9730123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide a life-long supply of haemopoietic cells and are indispensable for clinical transplantation in the treatment of malignant hematological diseases. Clinical applications require vast quantities of HSCs with maintained stemness characteristics. Meeting this demand poses often insurmountable challenges for traditional culture methods. Creating a supportive artificial microenvironment for the culture of HSCs, which allows the expansion of the cells while maintaining their stemness, is becoming a new solution for the provision of these rare multipotent HSCs. Hydrogels with good biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilicity, tunable biochemical and biophysical properties have been applied in mimicking the hematopoietic niche for the efficient expansion of HSCs. This review focuses on recent progress in the use of hydrogels in this specialized application. Advanced biomimetic strategies use for the creation of an artificial haemopoietic niche are discussed, advances in combined use of hydrogel matrices and microfluidics, including the emerging organ-on-a-chip technology, are summarized. We also provide a brief description of novel stimulus-responsive hydrogels that are used to establish an intelligent dynamic cell microenvironment. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of engineering hydrogels for HSC biomedicine are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianci Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Feiqiu Wen, ; Sixi Liu, ; Gerile Oudeng,
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Feiqiu Wen, ; Sixi Liu, ; Gerile Oudeng,
| | - Gerile Oudeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Feiqiu Wen, ; Sixi Liu, ; Gerile Oudeng,
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33
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Kouroukli O, Symeonidis A, Foukas P, Maragkou MK, Kourea EP. Bone Marrow Immune Microenvironment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225656. [PMID: 36428749 PMCID: PMC9688609 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The BM, the major hematopoietic organ in humans, consists of a pleiomorphic environment of cellular, extracellular, and bioactive compounds with continuous and complex interactions between them, leading to the formation of mature blood cells found in the peripheral circulation. Systemic and local inflammation in the BM elicit stress hematopoiesis and drive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) out of their quiescent state, as part of a protective pathophysiologic process. However, sustained chronic inflammation impairs HSC function, favors mutagenesis, and predisposes the development of hematologic malignancies, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Apart from intrinsic cellular mechanisms, various extrinsic factors of the BM immune microenvironment (IME) emerge as potential determinants of disease initiation and evolution. In MDS, the IME is reprogrammed, initially to prevent the development, but ultimately to support and provide a survival advantage to the dysplastic clone. Specific cellular elements, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recruited to support and enhance clonal expansion. The immune-mediated inhibition of normal hematopoiesis contributes to peripheral cytopenias of MDS patients, while immunosuppression in late-stage MDS enables immune evasion and disease progression towards acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this review, we aim to elucidate the role of the mediators of immune response in the initial pathogenesis of MDS and the evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kouroukli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Argiris Symeonidis
- Hematology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26332 Patras, Greece
| | - Periklis Foukas
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Myrto-Kalliopi Maragkou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni P. Kourea
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-969191
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Riether C. Regulation of hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells by regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049301. [PMID: 36405718 PMCID: PMC9666425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in a quiescent state and sustain the continuous production of all types of blood cells. HSCs reside in a specialized microenvironment the so-called HSC niche, which equally promotes HSC self-renewal and differentiation to ensure the integrity of the HSC pool throughout life and to replenish hematopoietic cells after acute injury, infection or anemia. The processes of HSC self-renewal and differentiation are tightly controlled and are in great part regulated through cellular interactions with classical (e.g. mesenchymal stromal cells) and non-classical niche cells (e.g. immune cells). In myeloid leukemia, some of these regulatory mechanisms that evolved to maintain HSCs, to protect them from exhaustion and immune destruction and to minimize the risk of malignant transformation are hijacked/disrupted by leukemia stem cells (LSCs), the malignant counterpart of HSCs, to promote disease progression as well as resistance to therapy and immune control. CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are substantially enriched in the BM compared to other secondary lymphoid organs and are crucially involved in the establishment of an immune privileged niche to maintain HSC quiescence and to protect HSC integrity. In leukemia, Tregs frequencies in the BM even increase. Studies in mice and humans identified the accumulation of Tregs as a major immune-regulatory mechanism. As cure of leukemia implies the elimination of LSCs, the understanding of these immune-regulatory processes may be of particular importance for the development of future treatments of leukemia as targeting major immune escape mechanisms which revolutionized the treatment of solid tumors such as the blockade of the inhibitory checkpoint receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) seems less efficacious in the treatment of leukemia. This review will summarize recent findings on the mechanisms by which Tregs regulate stem cells and adaptive immune cells in the BM during homeostasis and in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Carsten Riether,
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Li J, Williams MJ, Park HJ, Bastos HP, Wang X, Prins D, Wilson NK, Johnson C, Sham K, Wantoch M, Watcham S, Kinston SJ, Pask DC, Hamilton TL, Sneade R, Waller AK, Ghevaert C, Vassiliou GS, Laurenti E, Kent DG, Göttgens B, Green AR. STAT1 is essential for HSC function and maintains MHCIIhi stem cells that resist myeloablation and neoplastic expansion. Blood 2022; 140:1592-1606. [PMID: 35767701 PMCID: PMC7614316 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are predominantly quiescent and can be activated in response to acute stress such as infection or cytotoxic insults. STAT1 is a pivotal downstream mediator of interferon (IFN) signaling and is required for IFN-induced HSC proliferation, but little is known about the role of STAT1 in regulating homeostatic hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here, we show that loss of STAT1 altered the steady state HSPC landscape, impaired HSC function in transplantation assays, delayed blood cell regeneration following myeloablation, and disrupted molecular programs that protect HSCs, including control of quiescence. Our results also reveal STAT1-dependent functional HSC heterogeneity. A previously unrecognized subset of homeostatic HSCs with elevated major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression (MHCIIhi) displayed molecular features of reduced cycling and apoptosis and was refractory to 5-fluorouracil-induced myeloablation. Conversely, MHCIIlo HSCs displayed increased megakaryocytic potential and were preferentially expanded in CALR mutant mice with thrombocytosis. Similar to mice, high MHCII expression is a feature of human HSCs residing in a deeper quiescent state. Our results therefore position STAT1 at the interface of stem cell heterogeneity and the interplay between stem cells and the adaptive immune system, areas of broad interest in the wider stem cell field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Williams
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo P. Bastos
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prins
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola K. Wilson
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carys Johnson
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Wantoch
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Watcham
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Kinston
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dean C. Pask
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L. Hamilton
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sneade
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amie K. Waller
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S. Vassiliou
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Kent
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R. Green
- Wellcome–Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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36
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Pietras EM, DeGregori J. Dangerous Liaisons between Tet2 Mutation, Inflammatory Monocytes, and Leukemogenesis. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2234-2236. [PMID: 36196576 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic knockin mice expressing a common loss-of-function mutation in human TET2 exhibit aging-related accelerated myeloid leukemia development and skewing of myelopoiesis toward the production of proinflammatory MHC-IIhi monocytes that may contribute to disease. See related article by Yeaton et al., p. 2392 (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Pietras
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Regulatory T cell niche in the bone marrow, a new player in Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood Rev 2022; 59:101030. [PMID: 36336520 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Challenges in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation such as low bone marrow (BM) engraftment, graft versus host disease (GvHD) and the need for long-term immunosuppression could be addressed using T regulatory cells (Tregs) resident in the tissue of interest, in this case, BM Tregs. Controlling the adverse immune response in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and minimising the associated risks such as infection and secondary cancers due to long-term immunosuppression is a crucial aspect of clinical practice in this field. While systemic immunosuppressive therapy could achieve reasonable GvHD control in most patients, related side effects remain the main limiting factor. Developing more targeted immunosuppressive strategies is an unmet clinical need and is the focus of several ongoing research projects. Tregs are a non-redundant sub-population of CD4+ T cells essential for controlling the immune homeostasis. Tregs are known to be reduced in number and function in autoimmune conditions. There is considerable interest in these cells as cell therapy products since they can be expanded in vitro and infused into patients. These trials have found Treg therapy to be safe, well-tolerated, and with some early signs of efficacy. However, Tregs are a heterogeneous subpopulation of T cells, and several novel subpopulations have been identified in recent years beyond the conventional thymic (tTregs) and peripheral (pTregs). There is increasing evidence for the presence of resident and tissue-specific Tregs. Bone marrow (BM) Tregs are one example of tissue-resident Tregs. BM Tregs are enriched within the marrow, serving a dual function of immunosuppression and maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs maintenance is achieved through direct suppression of HSCs differentiation, maintaining a proliferating pool of HSCs, and promoting the development of functional stromal cells that support HSCs. In this review, we will touch upon the biology of Tregs, focusing on their development and heterogeneity. We will focus on the BM Tregs from their biology to their therapeutic potential, focusing on their use in HSCT.
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Vanhie JJ, De Lisio M. How Does Lifestyle Affect Hematopoiesis and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment? Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:858-866. [DOI: 10.1177/01926233221123523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors are modifiable behavioral factors that have a significant impact on health and longevity. Diet-induced obesity and physical activity/exercise are two prevalent lifestyle factors that have strong relationships to overall health. The mechanisms linking obesity to negative health outcomes and the mechanisms linking increased participation in physical activity/exercise to positive health outcomes are beginning to be elucidated. Chronic inflammation, due in part to overproduction of myeloid cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow, is an established mechanism responsible for the negative health effects of obesity. Recent work has shown that exercise training can reverse the aberrant myelopoiesis present in obesity in part by restoring the bone marrow microenvironment. Specifically, exercise training reduces marrow adipose tissue, increases HSC retention factor expression, and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the bone marrow. Other, novel mechanistic factors responsible for these exercise-induced effects, including intercellular communication using extracellular vesicles (EVs), is beginning to be explored. This review will summarize the recent literature describing the effects of exercise on hematopoiesis in individuals with obesity and introduce the potential contribution of EVs to this process.
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Karpenko D, Kapranov N, Bigildeev A. Nestin-GFP transgene labels immunoprivileged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the model of ectopic foci formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:993056. [PMID: 36133916 PMCID: PMC9483855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.993056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune privileges are demonstrated for different types of quiescent stem cells of adult mammalian organisms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are believed to have immune privileges; however, an accurate experimental confirmation hasn’t been presented. Here, we provide direct experimental evidence that MSCs of C57Black/6J murine bone marrow (BM) are immune privileged in vivo and retain their functionality after prolonged exposure to the uncompromised immune system. The BM of Nes-Gfp transgenic mice was implanted as a tissue fragment under the kidney capsule in isogenic C57Black/6J immunocompetent recipients. Nestin-Gfp strain provides a fluorescent immunogenic marker for a small fraction of BM cells, including GFP+CD45– MSCs. Despite the exposure of xenogenically marked MSCs to the fully-functional immune system, primary ectopic foci of hematopoiesis formed. Six weeks after implantation, multicolor fluorescence cytometry revealed both GFP+CD45– and GFP+CD45+ cells within the foci. GFP+CD45– cells proportion was 2.0 × 10–5 ×÷9 and it didn’t differ significantly from syngenic Nes-GFP transplantation control. According to current knowledge, the immune system of the recipients should eliminate GFP+ cells, including GFP+ MSCs. These results show that MSCs evade immunity. Primary foci were retransplanted into secondary Nes-GFP recipients. The secondary foci formed, in which CD45–GFP+ cells proportion was 6.7 × 10–5 ×÷2.2, and it didn’t differ from intact Nes-GFP BM. The results demonstrate that MSCs preserve self-renewal and retain their functionality after prolonged immune exposure. The success of this study relied on the implantation of BM fragments without prior dissociation of cells and the fact that the vast majority of implanted cells were immunologically equivalent to the recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Karpenko
- Laboratory of Physiology of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Aleksei Bigildeev, ; Karpenko Dmitriy,
| | - Nikolay Kapranov
- Immunophenotyping Department, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Bigildeev
- Laboratory of Physiology of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Aleksei Bigildeev, ; Karpenko Dmitriy,
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40
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Spath S, Roan F, Presnell SR, Höllbacher B, Ziegler SF. Profiling of Tregs across tissues reveals plasticity in ST2 expression and hierarchies in tissue-specific phenotypes. iScience 2022; 25:104998. [PMID: 36093048 PMCID: PMC9460833 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical mediators of peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis and exert tissue-specific functions. In many nonlymphoid tissues, Tregs show enriched expression of the IL-33 receptor ST2. Through comprehensive profiling of murine ST2+ and ST2- Tregs, we found that Treg transcriptomes and phenotypes formed a hierarchical relationship across tissues. Only a small core signature distinguished ST2+ Tregs from ST2- Tregs across all tissues, and differences in transcriptional profiles were predominantly tissue-specific. We also identified unique, highly proliferative, circulating ST2+ Tregs with high migratory potential. In adoptive transfers, both ST2+ and ST2- Tregs seeded various host tissues and demonstrated plasticity in ST2 expression. Furthermore, Tregs from donor lungs were differentially recovered from host nonlymphoid tissues in an IL-33-dependent manner. In summary, our work identified tissue residency rather than ST2 expression as a primary driver of tissue Treg identity and highlights the unique, tissue-specific adaption of ST2+ Tregs. Tissue of residency rather than ST2 expression is a primary driver of Treg identity A small core signature distinguishes ST2+ Tregs from ST2- Tregs across tissues Circulating ST2+ Tregs have diverse chemokine receptor profiles Plasticity of ST2 expression on transferred Tregs occurs in a tissue-specific manner
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Spath
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Florence Roan
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Scott R. Presnell
- Center for Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Barbara Höllbacher
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen (HMGU), 85764 Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Informatics, TUM, 85748 Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Steven F. Ziegler
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Corresponding author
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41
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Fujino T, Asada S, Goyama S, Kitamura T. Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:473. [PMID: 35941268 PMCID: PMC11072869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo progressive functional decline over time due to both internal and external stressors, leading to aging of the hematopoietic system. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging will be valuable in developing novel therapies for HSC rejuvenation and to prevent the onset of several age-associated diseases and hematological malignancies. This review considers the general causes of HSC aging that range from cell-intrinsic factors to cell-extrinsic factors. In particular, epigenetics and inflammation have been implicated in the linkage of HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis. The challenges in clarifying mechanisms of HSC aging have accelerated the development of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate HSCs, the major goal of aging research; these details are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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42
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Miao R, Chun H, Feng X, Gomes AC, Choi J, Pereira JP. Competition between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells controls hematopoietic stem cell compartment size. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4611. [PMID: 35941168 PMCID: PMC9360400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular competition for limiting hematopoietic factors is a physiologically regulated but poorly understood process. Here, we studied this phenomenon by hampering hematopoietic progenitor access to Leptin receptor+ mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). We show that HSC numbers increase by 2-fold when multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitors fail to respond to CXCL12 produced by MSPCs and ECs. HSCs are qualitatively normal, and HSC expansion only occurs when early hematopoietic progenitors but not differentiated hematopoietic cells lack CXCR4. Furthermore, the MSPC and EC transcriptomic heterogeneity is stable, suggesting that it is impervious to major changes in hematopoietic progenitor interactions. Instead, HSC expansion correlates with increased availability of membrane-bound stem cell factor (mSCF) on MSPCs and ECs presumably due to reduced consumption by cKit-expressing hematopoietic progenitors. These studies suggest that an intricate homeostatic balance between HSCs and proximal hematopoietic progenitors is regulated by cell competition for limited amounts of mSCF. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on a combination of paracrine signals produced by their niche, including SCF. Here the authors show that HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors compete for limited amounts of membrane-bound SCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Harim Chun
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Feng
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Ana Cordeiro Gomes
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jungmin Choi
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
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43
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Mesenchymal stem cells exert renoprotection via extracellular vesicle-mediated modulation of M2 macrophages and spleen-kidney network. Commun Biol 2022; 5:753. [PMID: 35902687 PMCID: PMC9334610 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have shown therapeutic potentials against refractory diseases. However, the detailed therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report the therapeutic actions of human ASCs in nephritis, focusing on cellular dynamics and multi-organ networks. Intravenously-administered ASCs accumulated in spleen but not kidneys. Nevertheless, ASCs increased M2 macrophages and Tregs in kidneys and drove strong renoprotection. Splenectomy abolished these therapeutic effects. ASC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were transferred to M2 macrophages, which entered the bloodstream from spleen. EVs induced the transcriptomic signatures of hyperpolarization and PGE2 stimulation in M2 macrophages and ameliorated glomerulonephritis. ASCs, ASC-derived EVs, and EV-transferred M2 macrophages enhanced Treg induction. These findings suggest that EV transfer from spleen-accumulated ASCs to M2 macrophages and subsequent modulation of renal immune-environment underlie the renoprotective effects of ASCs. Our results provide insights into the therapeutic actions of ASCs, focusing on EV-mediated modulation of macrophages and the spleen-kidney immune network. The renoprotective effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are enhanced through the transfer of EVs predominantly to M2 macrophages in the spleen, providing insights into therapeutic avenues for ASCs.
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44
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Extracellular Adenosine (eAdo) - A2B Receptor Axis Inhibits in Nlrp3 Inflammasome-dependent Manner Trafficking of Hematopoietic Stem/progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2893-2911. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe postulated that mobilization, homing, and engraftment of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCPs) is facilitated by a state of sterile inflammation induced in bone marrow (BM) after administration of pro-mobilizing drugs or in response to pre-transplant myeloablative conditioning. An important role in this phenomenon plays purinergic signaling that by the release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) activates in HSPCs and in cells in the hematopoietic microenvironment an intracellular pattern recognition receptor (PPR) known as Nlrp3 inflammasome. We reported recently that its deficiency results in defective trafficking of HSPCs. Moreover, it is known that eATP after release into extracellular space is processed by cell surface expressed ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to extracellular adenosine (eAdo) that in contrast to eATP shows an anti-inflammatory effect. Based on data that the state of sterile inflammation promotes trafficking of HSPCs, and since eAdo is endowed with anti-inflammatory properties we become interested in how eAdo will affect the mobilization, homing, and engraftment of HSPCs and which of eAdo receptors are involved in these processes. As expected, eAdo impaired HSPCs trafficking and this occurred in autocrine- and paracrine-dependent manner by direct stimulation of these cells or by affecting cells in the BM microenvironment. We report herein for the first time that this defect is mediated by activation of the A2B receptor and a specific inhibitor of this receptor improves eAdo-aggravated trafficking of HSPCs. To explain this at the molecular level eAdo-A2B receptor interaction upregulates in HSPCs in NF-kB-, NRF2- and cAMP-dependent manner heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), that is Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitor. This corroborated with our analysis of proteomics signature in murine HSPCs exposed to eAdo that revealed that A2B inhibition promotes cell migration and proliferation. Based on this we postulate that blockage of A2B receptor may accelerate the mobilization of HSPCs as well as their hematopoietic reconstitution and this approach could be potentially considered in the future to be tested in the clinic.
Graphical Abstract
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Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells mitigate over-adipogenesis of bone marrow microenvironment in aplastic anemia by inhibiting CD8 + T cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:620. [PMID: 35851002 PMCID: PMC9293984 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a blood disorder resulted from over-activated T-cell related hematopoietic failure, with the characterization of hypocellularity and enhanced adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) in bone marrow (BM). However, little is known about the relationship between immune imbalance and polarized adipogenic abnormity of BM microenvironment in this disease entity. In the present study, we differentiated BM-MSCs into osteoblastic or adipogenic lineages to mimic the osteo-adipogenic differentiation. Activated CD8+ T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were found to stimulate adipogenesis of BM-MSCs either in vitro or in vivo of AA mouse model. Interestingly, myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), one of the immune-regulating populations, were decreased within BM of AA mice. We found that it was not CD11b+Ly6G+Ly6C- granulocytic-MDSCs (gMDSCs) but CD11b+Ly6G-Ly6C+ monocytic-MDSCs (mMDSCs) inhibiting both T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production via inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) pathway. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of AA- and mMDSCs-treated murine BM cells revealed that mMDSCs transfusion could reconstitute BM hematopoietic progenitors by inhibiting T cells population and signature cytokines and decreasing immature Adipo-Cxcl12-abundant reticular cells within BM. Multi-injection of mMDSCs into AA mice reduced intra-BM T cells infiltration and suppressed BM adipogenesis, which subsequently restored the intra-BM immune balance and eventually prevented pancytopenia and hypo-hematopoiesis. In conclusion, adoptive transfusion of mMDSCs might be a novel immune-regulating strategy to treat AA, accounting for not only restoring the intra-BM immune balance but also improving stroma's multi-differentiating microenvironment.
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Torres LS, Asada N, Weiss MJ, Trumpp A, Suda T, Scadden DT, Ito K. Recent advances in "sickle and niche" research - Tribute to Dr. Paul S Frenette. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1509-1535. [PMID: 35830837 PMCID: PMC9287685 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective, we review the two research topics that formed the basis of the outstanding career of Dr. Paul S. Frenette. In the first part, we focus on sickle cell disease (SCD). The defining feature of SCD is polymerization of the deoxygenated mutant hemoglobin, which leads to a vicious cycle of hemolysis and vaso-occlusion. We survey important discoveries in SCD pathophysiology that have led to recent advances in treatment of SCD. The second part focuses on the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, the complex microenvironment within the bone marrow that controls HSC function and homeostasis. We detail the cells that constitute this niche, and the factors that these cells use to exert control over hematopoiesis. Here, we trace the scientific paths of Dr. Frenette, highlight key aspects of his research, and identify his most important scientific contributions in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidiane S Torres
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Noboru Asada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - David T Scadden
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Einstein Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Elias S, Sharma R, Schizas M, Valdez I, Rampersaud S, Park SM, Gonzalez-Figueroa P, Li QZ, Hoyos B, Rudensky AY. CXCR4+ Treg cells control serum IgM levels and natural IgM autoantibody production by B-1 cells in the bone marrow. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213268. [PMID: 35670812 PMCID: PMC9178519 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells represent a specialized lineage of suppressive CD4+ T cells whose functionality is critically dependent on their ability to migrate to and dwell in the proximity of cells they control. Here we show that continuous expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in Treg cells is required for their ability to accumulate in the bone marrow (BM). Induced CXCR4 ablation in Treg cells led to their rapid depletion and consequent increase in mature B cells, foremost the B-1 subset, observed exclusively in the BM without detectable changes in plasma cells or hematopoietic stem cells or any signs of systemic or local immune activation elsewhere. Dysregulation of BM B-1 B cells was associated with a highly specific increase in IgM autoantibodies and total serum IgM levels. Thus, Treg cells control autoreactive B-1 B cells in a CXCR4-dependent manner. These findings have significant implications for understanding the regulation of B cell autoreactivity and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Elias
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael Schizas
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Izabella Valdez
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sham Rampersaud
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sun-Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Paula Gonzalez-Figueroa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray and Immune Phenotyping Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Beatrice Hoyos
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Liu Z, Hu X, Liang Y, Yu J, Li H, Shokhirev MN, Zheng Y. Glucocorticoid signaling and regulatory T cells cooperate to maintain the hair-follicle stem-cell niche. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1086-1097. [PMID: 35739197 PMCID: PMC9283297 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue homeostasis is dependent on the communication between stem cells and supporting cells in the same niche. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are emerging as a critical component of the stem-cell niche for supporting their differentiation. How Treg cells sense dynamic signals in this microenvironment and communicate with stem cells is mostly unknown. In the present study, by using hair follicles (HFs) to study Treg cell-stem cell crosstalk, we show an unrecognized function of the steroid hormone glucocorticoid in instructing skin-resident Treg cells to facilitate HF stem-cell (HFSC) activation and HF regeneration. Ablation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in Treg cells blocks hair regeneration without affecting immune homeostasis. Mechanistically, GR and Foxp3 cooperate in Treg cells to induce transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3), which activates Smad2/3 in HFSCs and facilitates HFSC proliferation. The present study identifies crosstalk between Treg cells and HFSCs mediated by the GR-TGF-β3 axis, highlighting a possible means of manipulating Treg cells to support tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xianting Hu
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiong Liang
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zheng
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Külp M, Siemund AL, Larghero P, Dietz A, Alten J, Cario G, Eckert C, Caye-Eude A, Cavé H, Bardini M, Cazzaniga G, De Lorenzo P, Valsecchi MG, Diehl L, Bonig H, Meyer C, Marschalek R. The immune checkpoint ICOSLG is a relapse-predicting biomarker and therapeutic target in infant t(4;11) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. iScience 2022; 25:104613. [PMID: 35800767 PMCID: PMC9253708 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic aberration leading to infant ALL (iALL) is the chromosomal translocation t(4;11), generating the fusion oncogenes KMT2A:AFF1 and AFF1:KMT2A, respectively. KMT2A-r iALL displays a dismal prognosis through high relapse rates and relapse-associated mortality. Relapse occurs frequently despite ongoing chemotherapy and without the accumulation of secondary mutations. A rational explanation for the observed chemo-resistance and satisfactory treatment options remain to be elucidated. We found that elevated ICOSLG expression level at diagnosis was associated with inferior event free survival (EFS) in a cohort of 43 patients with t(4;-11) iALL and that a cohort of 18 patients with iALL at relapse displayed strongly increased ICOSLG expression. Furthermore, co-culturing t(4;11) ALL cells (ICOSLGhi) with primary T-cells resulted in the development of Tregs. This was impaired through treatment with a neutralizing ICOSLG antibody. These findings imply ICOSLG (1) as a relapse-predicting biomarker, and (2) as a therapeutic target involved in a potential immune evasion relapse-mechanism of infant t(4;11) ALL. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) is a direct transactivator of the immune checkpoint gene ICOSLG high ICOSLG expression at diagnosis is predictive for ALL relapse EGR3 and ICOSLG expressions are relapse-associated expression of ICOSLG on t(4;11) ALL cells leads to the rapid expansion of Tregs
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Qin S, Li B, Ming H, Nice EC, Zou B, Huang C. Harnessing redox signaling to overcome therapeutic-resistant cancer dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188749. [PMID: 35716972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy occurs when cells preserve viability but stop proliferating, which is considered an important cause of tumor relapse, which may occur many years after clinical remission. Since the life cycle of dormant cancer cells is affected by both intracellular and extracellular factors, gene mutation or epigenetic regulation of tumor cells may not fully explain the mechanisms involved. Recent studies have indicated that redox signaling regulates the formation, maintenance, and reactivation of dormant cancer cells by modulating intracellular signaling pathways and the extracellular environment, which provides a molecular explanation for the life cycle of dormant tumor cells. Indeed, redox signaling regulates the onset of dormancy by balancing the intrinsic pathways, the extrinsic environment, and the response to therapy. In addition, redox signaling sustains dormancy by managing stress homeostasis, maintaining stemness and immunogenic equilibrium. However, studies on dormancy reactivation are still limited, partly explained by redox-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and the transition from the tumor microenvironment to inflammation. Encouragingly, several drug combination strategies based on redox biology are currently under clinical evaluation. Continuing to gain an in-depth understanding of redox regulation and develop specific methods targeting redox modification holds the promise to accelerate the development of strategies to treat dormant tumors and benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Hui Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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