1
|
Zhang Y, Liang S, Zhang S, Bai Q, Dai L, Wang J, Yao H, Zhang W, Liu G. Streptococcal arginine deiminase system defences macrophage bactericidal effect mediated by XRE family protein XtrSs. Virulence 2024; 15:2306719. [PMID: 38251714 PMCID: PMC10841013 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2306719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The arginine deiminase system (ADS) has been identified in various bacteria and functions to supplement energy production and enhance biological adaptability. The current understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ADS and its effect on bacterial pathogenesis is still limited. Here, we found that the XRE family transcriptional regulator XtrSs negatively affected Streptococcus suis virulence and significantly repressed ADS transcription when the bacteria were incubated in blood. Electrophoretic mobility shift (EMSA) and lacZ fusion assays further showed that XtrSs directly bind to the promoter of ArgR, an acknowledged positive regulator of bacterial ADS, to repress ArgR transcription. Moreover, we provided compelling evidence that S. suis could utilize arginine via ADS to adapt to acid stress, while ΔxtrSs enhanced this acid resistance by upregulating the ADS operon. Moreover, whole ADS-knockout S. suis increased arginine and antimicrobial NO in the infected macrophage cells, decreased intracellular survival, and even caused significant attenuation of bacterial virulence in a mouse infection model, while ΔxtrSs consistently presented the opposite results. Our experiments identified a novel ADS regulatory mechanism in S. suis, whereby XtrSs regulated ADS to modulate NO content in macrophages, promoting S. suis intracellular survival. Meanwhile, our findings provide a new perspective on how Streptococci evade the host's innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Liang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shidan Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Hainan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- Hainan Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Haikou, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu J, Wang J, Kang W, Zhang X, Kerdsin A, Yao H, Zheng H, Wu Z. Streptococcus suis serotype 4: a population with the potential pathogenicity in humans and pigs. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2352435. [PMID: 38703011 PMCID: PMC11097711 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2352435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major bacterial pathogen in pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Different S. suis serotypes exhibit diverse characteristics in population structure and pathogenicity. Surveillance data highlight the significance of S. suis serotype 4 (SS4) in swine streptococcusis, a pathotype causing human infections. However, except for a few epidemiologic studies, the information on SS4 remains limited. In this study, we investigated the population structure, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial characteristics of SS4 based on 126 isolates, including one from a patient with septicemia. We discovered significant diversities within this population, clustering into six minimum core genome (MCG) groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 7-2, and 7-3) and five lineages. Two main clonal complexes (CCs), CC17 and CC94, belong to MCG groups 1 and 3, respectively. Numerous important putative virulence-associated genes are present in these two MCG groups, and 35.00% (7/20) of pig isolates from CC17, CC94, and CC839 (also belonging to MCG group 3) were highly virulent (mortality rate ≥ 80%) in zebrafish and mice, similar to the human isolate ID36054. Cytotoxicity assays showed that the human and pig isolates of SS4 strains exhibit significant cytotoxicity to human cells. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 95.83% of strains isolated from our labs were classified as multidrug-resistant. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for antibiotic resistance genes. Our study demonstrates the public health threat posed by SS4, expanding the understanding of SS4 population structure and pathogenicity characteristics and providing valuable information for its surveillance and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiming Kang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zheng
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on the Technology of Pig-breeding and Pig-disease Prevention, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng S, Liao J, Li H, Xu J, Fan J, Xia J, Wang J, Lei L, Chen M, Han Y, Zhai R, Zhou C, Zhou R, Cheng C, Song H. Streptococcus suis subtilisin-like serine proteases SspA-1 and SspA-2 interplay with complement C3a and C5a to facilitate bacterial immune evasion and infection. Virulence 2024; 15:2301246. [PMID: 38170683 PMCID: PMC10795781 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2301246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis), a significant zoonotic bacterial pathogen impacting swine and human, is associated with severe systemic diseases such as streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome, meningitis, septicaemia, and abrupt fatality. The multifaceted roles of complement components C5a and C3a extend to orchestrating inflammatory cells recruitment, oxidative burst induction, and cytokines release. Despite the pivotal role of subtilisin-like serine proteases in S. suis pathogenicity, their involvement in immune evasion remains underexplored. In the present study, we identify two cell wall-anchored subtilisin-like serine proteases in S. suis, SspA-1 and SspA-2, as binding partners for C3a and C5a. Through Co-Immunoprecipitation, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent and Far-Western Blotting Assays, we validate their interactions with the aforementioned components. However, SspA-1 and SspA-2 have no cleavage activity against complement C3a and C5a performed by Cleavage assay. Chemotaxis assays reveal that recombinant SspA-1 and SspA-2 effectively attenuate monocyte chemotaxis towards C3a and C5a. Notably, the ΔsspA-1, ΔsspA-1, and ΔsspA-1/2 mutant strains exhibit compromised survival in blood, and resistance of opsonophagocytosis, alongside impaired survival in blood and in vivo colonization compared to the parental strain SC-19. Critical insights from the murine and Galleria mellonella larva infection models further underscore the significance of sspA-1 in altering mortality rates. Collectively, our findings indicate that SspA-1 and SspA-2 are novel binding proteins for C3a and C5a, thereby shedding light on their pivotal roles in S. suis immune evasion and the pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Lei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Q, Zhang F, Bai J, Che Q, Xiang L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Sjöling Å, Martín-Rodríguez AJ, Zhu B, Fu L, Zhou Y. Bacteriophage-Resistant Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Shows Reduced Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024:107221. [PMID: 38810938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Phage therapy has shown great promise in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the effectiveness of phage therapy is compromised by the inevitable emergence of phage-resistant strains. In this study, a phage-resistant Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strain SWKP1711R, derived from parental CRKP strain SWKP1711 was identified. The mechanism of bacteriophage resistance in SWKP1711R was investigated and the molecular determinants causing altered growth characteristics, antibiotic resistance, and virulence of SWKP1711R were tested. Compared to SWKP1711, SWKP1711R showed slower growth, smaller colonies, filamentous cells visible under the microscope, reduced production of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and reduced resistance to various antibiotics accompanied by reduced virulence. Adsorption experiments showed that phage vB_kpnM_17-11 lost the ability to adsorb onto SWKP1711R, and the adsorption receptor was identified to be bacterial surface polysaccharides. Genetic variation analysis revealed that, compared to the parental strain, SWKP1711R had only one thymine deletion at position 78 of the open reading frame of the lpcA gene, resulting in a frameshift mutation that caused alteration of the bacterial surface polysaccharide and inhibition of phage adsorption, ultimately leading to phage resistance. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that genes encoding LPS synthesis, ompK35, blaTEM-1, and type II and Hha-TomB toxin antitoxin (TA) systems, were all downregulated in SWKP1711R. Taken together, the evidence presented here indicate that the phenotypic alterations and phage resistance displayed by the mutant may be related to the frameshift mutation of lpcA and altered gene expression. While evolution of phage resistance remains an issue, our study suggests that the reduced antibiotic resistance and virulence of phage-resistant strain derivatives might be beneficial in alleviating the burden caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Feiyang Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Jiawei Bai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Qian Che
- Sichuan Center For Disease Control And Prevention, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Baoli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Fu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Yingshun Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma J, Wu H, Ma Z, Wu Z. Bacterial and host factors involved in zoonotic Streptococcal meningitis. Microbes Infect 2024:105335. [PMID: 38582147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Zoonotic streptococci cause several invasive diseases with high mortality rates, especially meningitis. Numerous studies elucidated the meningitis pathogenesis of zoonotic streptococci, some specific to certain bacterial species. In contrast, others are shared among different bacterial species, involving colonization and invasion of mucosal barriers, survival in the bloodstream, breaching the blood-brain and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to access the central nervous system, and triggering inflammation of the meninges. This review focuses on the recent advancements in comprehending the molecular and cellular events of five major zoonotic streptococci responsible for causing meningitis in humans or animals, including Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus, Streptococcus suis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus iniae. The underlying mechanism was summarized into four themes, including 1) bacterial survival in blood, 2) brain microvascular endothelial cell adhesion and invasion, 3) penetration of the blood-brain barrier, and 4) activation of the immune system and inflammatory reaction within the brain. This review may contribute to developing therapeutics to prevent or mitigate injury of streptococcal meningitis and improve risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huizhen Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China; WOAH Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing 210014, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on the Technology of Pig-breeding and Pig-disease Prevention, Guangzhou 511400, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic epidemiology in Streptococcus suis: Moving beyond traditional typing techniques. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27818. [PMID: 38509941 PMCID: PMC10951601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive infections in swine and is also a zoonotic disease agent. Traditional molecular typing techniques such as ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA have been used to investigate S. suis population structure, evolution, and genetic relationships and support epidemiological and virulence investigations. However, these traditional typing techniques do not fully reveal the genetically heterogeneous nature of S. suis strains. The high-resolution provided by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is now more affordable and more commonly available in research and clinical settings, has unlocked the exploration of S. suis genetics at full resolution, permitting the determination of population structure, genetic diversity, identification of virulent clades, genetic markers, and other bacterial features of interest. This approach will likely become the new gold standard for S. suis strain typing as WGS instruments become more widely available and traditional typing techniques are gradually replaced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Payen S, Giroux MC, Gisch N, Schombel U, Fittipaldi N, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Lipoteichoic acids influence cell shape and bacterial division of Streptococcus suis serotype 2, but play a limited role in the pathogenesis of the infection. Vet Res 2024; 55:34. [PMID: 38504299 PMCID: PMC10953176 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis in both swine and humans, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of infection and the role of bacterial cell wall components in virulence have not been fully elucidated. Lipoproteins, peptidoglycan, as well as lipoteichoic acids (LTA) have all been proposed to contribute to virulence. In the present study, the role of the LTA in the pathogenesis of the infection was evaluated through the characterisation of a mutant of the S. suis serotype 2 strain P1/7 lacking the LtaS enzyme, which mediates the polymerization of the LTA poly-glycerolphosphate chain. The ltaS mutant was confirmed to completely lack LTA and displayed significant morphological defects. Although the bacterial growth of this mutant was not affected, further results showed that LTA is involved in maintaining S. suis bacterial fitness. However, its role in the pathogenesis of the infection appears limited. Indeed, LTA presence reduces self-agglutination, biofilm formation and even dendritic cell activation, which are important aspects of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis. In addition, it does not seem to play a critical role in virulence using a systemic mouse model of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Servane Payen
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Giroux
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ursula Schombel
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao S, Jin W, Quan Y, Li Y, Shen Y, Yuan S, Yi L, Wang Y, Wang Y. Bacterial capsules: Occurrence, mechanism, and function. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 38480745 PMCID: PMC10937973 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In environments characterized by extended multi-stress conditions, pathogens develop a variety of immune escape mechanisms to enhance their ability to infect the host. The capsules, polymers that bacteria secrete near their cell wall, participates in numerous bacterial life processes and plays a crucial role in resisting host immune attacks and adapting to their niche. Here, we discuss the relationship between capsules and bacterial virulence, summarizing the molecular mechanisms of capsular regulation and pathogenesis to provide new insights into the research on the pathogenesis of pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yingying Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China.
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dechêne-Tempier M, de Boisséson C, Lucas P, Bougeard S, Libante V, Marois-Créhan C, Payot S. Virulence genes, resistome and mobilome of Streptococcus suis strains isolated in France. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001224. [PMID: 38536216 PMCID: PMC10995628 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a leading cause of infection in pigs, causing extensive economic losses. In addition, it can also infect wild fauna, and can be responsible for severe infections in humans. Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been described in S. suis worldwide and most of the AMR genes are carried by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This contributes to their dissemination by horizontal gene transfer. A collection of 102 strains isolated from humans, pigs and wild boars in France was subjected to whole genome sequencing in order to: (i) study their genetic diversity, (ii) evaluate their content in virulence-associated genes, (iii) decipher the mechanisms responsible for their AMR and their association with MGEs, and (iv) study their ability to acquire extracellular DNA by natural transformation. Analysis by hierarchical clustering on principal components identified a few virulence-associated factors that distinguish invasive CC1 strains from the other strains. A plethora of AMR genes (n=217) was found in the genomes. Apart from the frequently reported erm(B) and tet(O) genes, more recently described AMR genes were identified [vga(F)/sprA, vat(D)]. Modifications in PBPs/MraY and GyrA/ParC were detected in the penicillin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates respectively. New AMR gene-MGE associations were detected. The majority of the strains have the full set of genes required for competence, i.e for the acquisition of extracellular DNA (that could carry AMR genes) by natural transformation. Hence the risk of dissemination of these AMR genes should not be neglected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dechêne-Tempier
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Claire de Boisséson
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Stéphanie Bougeard
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Épidémiologie, santé et bien-être, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Anses Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Unité Mycoplasmologie, Bactériologie et Antibiorésistance, BP53 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Payot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, DynAMic, F-54000 Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao T, Gussak A, van der Hee B, Brugman S, van Baarlen P, Wells JM. Identification of plasminogen-binding sites in Streptococcus suis enolase that contribute to bacterial translocation across the blood-brain barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1356628. [PMID: 38456079 PMCID: PMC10919400 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1356628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause invasive disease commonly associated with meningitis in pigs and humans. To cause meningitis, S. suis must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) comprising blood vessels that vascularize the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is highly selective due to interactions with other cell types in the brain and the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Purified streptococcal surface enolase, an essential enzyme participating in glycolysis, can bind human plasminogen (Plg) and plasmin (Pln). Plg has been proposed to increase bacterial traversal across the BBB via conversion to Pln, a protease which cleaves host proteins in the ECM and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) to disrupt tight junctions. The essentiality of enolase has made it challenging to unequivocally demonstrate its role in binding Plg/Pln on the bacterial surface and confirm its predicted role in facilitating translocation of the BBB. Here, we report on the CRISPR/Cas9 engineering of S. suis enolase mutants eno261, eno252/253/255, eno252/261, and eno434/435 possessing amino acid substitutions at in silico predicted binding sites for Plg. As expected, amino acid substitutions in the predicted Plg binding sites reduced Plg and Pln binding to S. suis but did not affect bacterial growth in vitro compared to the wild-type strain. The binding of Plg to wild-type S. suis enhanced translocation across the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 but not for the eno mutant strains tested. To our knowledge, this is the first study where predicted Plg-binding sites of enolase have been mutated to show altered Plg and Pln binding to the surface of S. suis and attenuation of translocation across an endothelial cell monolayer in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Massacci FR, Cucco L, Panicciá M, Luppi A, Albini E, Peruzzo A, Ferroni L, Ustulin M, Orsini M, Magistrali CF. Streptococcus suis serotype 9 in Italy: genomic insights into high-risk clones with emerging resistance to penicillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:403-411. [PMID: 38153239 PMCID: PMC10832592 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. In a previous study, we described a high proportion of penicillin-resistant serotype 9 S. suis (SS9) isolates on pig farms in Italy. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that resistance to penicillin emerged in some SS9 lineages characterized by substitutions at the PBPs, contributing to the successful spread of these lineages in the last 20 years. METHODS Sixty-six SS9 isolates from cases of streptococcosis in pigs were investigated for susceptibility to penicillin, ceftiofur and ampicillin. The isolates were characterized for ST, virulence profile, and antimicrobial resistance genes through WGS. Multiple linear regression models were employed to investigate the associations between STs, year of isolation, substitutions at the PBPs and an increase in MIC values to β-lactams. RESULTS MIC values to penicillin increased by 4% each year in the study period. Higher MIC values for penicillin were also positively associated with ST123, ST1540 and ST1953 compared with ST16. The PBP sequences presented a mosaic organization of blocks. Within the same ST, substitutions at the PBPs were generally more frequent in recent isolates. Resistance to penicillin was driven by substitutions at PBP2b, including K479T, D512E and K513E, and PBP2x, including T551S, while reduced susceptibility to ceftiofur and ampicillin were largely dependent on substitutions at PBP2x. CONCLUSIONS Here, we identify the STs and substitutions at the PBPs responsible for increased resistance of SS9 to penicillin on Italian pig farms. Our data highlight the need for monitoring the evolution of S. suis in the coming years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucilla Cucco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marta Panicciá
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Peruzzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Ferroni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche ‘Togo Rosati’, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Ustulin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liang S, Zhang S, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Yao H, Liu G. Combined Immunoinformatics to Design and Evaluate a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Streptococcus suis Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:137. [PMID: 38400121 PMCID: PMC10892848 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen with multiple serotypes, and thus, multivalent vaccines generating cross-protection against S. suis infections are urgently needed to improve animal welfare and reduce antibiotic abuse. In this study, we established a systematic and comprehensive epitope prediction pipeline based on immunoinformatics. Ten candidate epitopes were ultimately selected for building the multi-epitope vaccine (MVSS) against S. suis infections. The ten epitopes of MVSS were all derived from highly conserved, immunogenic, and virulence-associated surface proteins in S. suis. In silico analyses revealed that MVSS was structurally stable and affixed with immune receptors, indicating that it would likely trigger strong immunological reactions in the host. Furthermore, mice models demonstrated that MVSS elicited high titer antibodies and diminished damages in S. suis serotype 2 and Chz infection, significantly reduced sequelae, induced cytokine transcription, and decreased organ bacterial burdens after triple vaccination. Meanwhile, anti-rMVSS serum inhibited five important S. suis serotypes in vitro, exerted beneficial protective effects against S. suis infections and significantly reduced histopathological damage in mice. Given the above, it is possible to develop MVSS as a universal subunit vaccine against multiple serotypes of S. suis infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shidan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, Fujian Province University, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Uruén C, Fernandez A, Arnal JL, Del Pozo M, Amoribieta MC, de Blas I, Jurado P, Calvo JH, Gottschalk M, González-Vázquez LD, Arenas M, Marín CM, Arenas J. Genomic and phenotypic analysis of invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain reveals genetic diversification and associated virulence traits. Vet Res 2024; 55:11. [PMID: 38268053 PMCID: PMC10807230 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that causes a major health problem in the pig production industry worldwide. Spain is one of the largest pig producers in the world. This work aimed to investigate the genetic and phenotypic features of invasive S. suis isolates recovered in Spain. A panel of 156 clinical isolates recovered from 13 Autonomous Communities, representing the major pig producers, were analysed. MLST and serotyping analysis revealed that most isolates (61.6%) were assigned to ST1 (26.3%), ST123 (18.6%), ST29 (9.6%), and ST3 (7.1%). Interestingly, 34 new STs were identified, indicating the emergence of novel genetic lineages. Serotypes 9 (27.6%) and 1 (21.8%) prevailed, followed by serotypes 7 (12.8%) and 2 (12.2%). Analysis of 13 virulence-associated genes showed significant associations between ST, serotype, virulence patterns, and clinical features, evidencing particular virulence traits associated with genetic clusters. The pangenome was generated, and the core genome was distributed in 7 Bayesian groups where each group included a variable set of over- and under-represented genes of different categories. The study provides comprehensive data and knowledge to improve the design of new vaccines, antimicrobial treatments, and bacterial typing approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Uruén
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-Center of Research and Technology of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Fernandez
- Exopol. Veterinary Diagnostic and Autogenous Vaccine Laboratory, San Mateo de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Luis Arnal
- Exopol. Veterinary Diagnostic and Autogenous Vaccine Laboratory, San Mateo de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Ignacio de Blas
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-Center of Research and Technology of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Jurado
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-Center of Research and Technology of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jorge Hugo Calvo
- Department of Animal Science, Center of Research and Technology of Aragón CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
- ARAID, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Miguel Arenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- CINBIO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Clara M Marín
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-Center of Research and Technology of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Science, Center of Research and Technology of Aragón CITA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Unit of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Institute Agrofood of Aragón-IA2, University of Zaragoza-Center of Research and Technology of Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bleuzé M, Lavoie JP, Bédard C, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Encapsulated Streptococcus suis impairs optimal neutrophil functions which are not rescued by priming with colony-stimulating factors. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296844. [PMID: 38261585 PMCID: PMC10805302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The porcine pathogen and zoonotic agent Streptococcus suis induces an exacerbated inflammation in the infected hosts that leads to sepsis, meningitis, and sudden death. Several virulence factors were described for S. suis of which the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) conceals it from the immune system, and the suilysin exhibits cytotoxic activity. Although neutrophils are recruited rapidly upon S. suis infection, their microbicidal functions appear to be poorly activated against the bacteria. However, during disease, the inflammatory environment could promote neutrophil activation as mediators such as the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor granulocyte (G-CSF) and the granulocyte-macrophages colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime neutrophils and enhance their responsiveness to bacterial detection. Thus, we hypothesized that CPS and suilysin prevent an efficient activation of neutrophils by S. suis, but that G-CSF and GM-CSF rescue neutrophil activation, leading to S. suis elimination. We evaluated the functions of porcine neutrophils in vitro in response to S. suis and investigated the role of the CPS and suilysin on cell activation using isogenic mutants of the bacteria. We also studied the influence of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil response to S. suis by priming the cells with recombinant proteins. Our study confirmed that CPS prevents S. suis-induced activation of most neutrophil functions but participates in the release of neutrophil-extracellular traps (NETs). Priming with G-CSF did not influence cell activation, but GM-CSF strongly promote IL-8 release, indicating its involvement in immunomodulation. However, priming did not enhance microbicidal functions. Studying the interaction between S. suis and neutrophils-first responders in host defense-remains fundamental to understand the immunopathogenesis of the infection and to develop therapeutical strategies related to neutrophils' defense against this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marêva Bleuzé
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Bédard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) & Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Petrocchi Rilo M, Gutiérrez Martín CB, Acebes Fernández V, Aguarón Turrientes Á, González Fernández A, Miguélez Pérez R, Martínez Martínez S. Streptococcus suis Research Update: Serotype Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Distribution in Swine Isolates Recovered in Spain from 2020 to 2022. Vet Sci 2024; 11:40. [PMID: 38250946 PMCID: PMC10819597 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to update the Streptococcus suis serotype distribution in Spain by analysing 302 clinical isolates recovered from diseased pigs between 2020 and 2022. The main objectives were to identify prevalent serotypes, differentiate specific serotypes 1, 14, 2, and 1/2, investigate specific genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance features, and explore associations between resistance genes and phenotypic resistances. Serotypes 9 (21.2%), 1 (16.2%), 2 (15.6%), 3 (6%), and 7 (5.6%) were the most prevalent, whereas serotypes 14 and 1/2 corresponded with 4.3% and 0.7% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(O), erm(B), lnu(B), lsa(E), tet(M), and mef(A/E), were analysed, which were present in 85.8%, 65.2%, 7%, 7%, 6.3%, and 1% of the samples, respectively. Susceptibility testing for 18 antimicrobials revealed high resistance levels, particularly for clindamycin (88.4%), chlortetracycline (89.4%), and sulfadimethoxine (94.4%). Notably, seven significant associations (p < 0.0001) were detected, correlating specific antimicrobial resistance genes to the observed phenotypic resistance. These findings contribute to understanding the S. suis serotype distribution and its antibiotic resistance profiles in Spain, offering valuable insights for veterinary and public health efforts in managing S. suis-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Máximo Petrocchi Rilo
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - César Bernardo Gutiérrez Martín
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Vanessa Acebes Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | | | - Alba González Fernández
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Rubén Miguélez Pérez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| | - Sonia Martínez Martínez
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain; (M.P.R.); (C.B.G.M.); (V.A.F.); (A.G.F.); (R.M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu T, Jiang H, Li F, Jiang X, Wang J, Wei S, Sun Y, Tian Y, Chu H, Shi Y, Zhang N, Li N, Lei L. O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase deficient Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain SC19 becomes an avirulent strain and provides immune protection against homotype infection in mice. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109943. [PMID: 38113574 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
O-acetyl-homoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in microbial methionine biosynthesis, which catalyzes the conversion of o-acetyl-homoserine (OAH) to homocysteine. In our previous study, we found that OAHS of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) can interact with the porcine blood-brain barrier (BBB) model, but whether OAHS regulates the penetration of BBB during SS2 infection is still unclear. To explore the role of OAHS in SS2 infection, OAHS-deficient SS2 mutant strain (SC19-ΔOAHS) and gene complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS) were constructed. Compared to the parent strain, with the loss of oahs, the chain length of SC19-ΔOAHS was shortened, the virulence was significantly reduced, the survival rate of mice infected with SC19-ΔOAHS was obviously increased accompanied by the relieved clinical symptoms. And the survival ability of SC19-ΔOAHS in whole blood was also remarkably decreased. Interestingly, the adhesion of SC19-ΔOAHS to endothelial cells was markedly increased, but the deficiency of OAHS significantly inhibited the strain penetrating BBB both in vivo and in vitro. Most of these phenomena can be reversed by the complemental strain (SC19-cΔOAHS). Further study showed that the deficiency of OAHS severely reduced SC19-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, tight junctions (TJs) protein impairment and the expression of SS2 virulence factor Enolase (Eno), involved in the destruction of BBB. Additionally, SC19-ΔOAHS immunized mice were able to resist SC19 or JZLQ022 infection. In conclusion, we confirmed that OAHS promoted the pathogenicity by enhancing host's BBB permeability and immune escape, and SC19- ΔOAHS is a potential live vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hexiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fengyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shaopeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanyan Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hong Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Shi
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Liancheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee CY, Zakaria Z, Selvarajah GT, Mustaffa-Kamal F, Voon KGL, Fong MWC, Ooi PT. Screening of Streptococcus suis in swine workers of selected states in Peninsular Malaysia. Vet World 2024; 17:1-7. [PMID: 38406356 PMCID: PMC10884579 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that is highly associated with contact between live pigs and raw pig material. In view of the recent reports of human infections in Malaysia, epidemiological data on the status of S. suis in the human population, especially among people working closely with pigs and/or raw pork, should be provided. The aim of this study was to detect S. suis among individuals working in the swine industry in several major pig production areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods Demographic information, exposure determinants, and oral swabs were collected from swine personnel, including farmers, butchers, and veterinarians. Oral swabs were subjected to bacterial isolation and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for S. suis detection. Results The study included 40 participants working in the swine industry, with a predominant representation of males (62.5%) and Malaysian Chinese individuals (60.0%) who consumed pork (92.5%). Notably, none of the participants reported consuming raw or partially cooked pork. In spite of their occupational exposure risk, none of the oral swabs showed positive results for S. suis infection. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report and detection study of S. suis using oral swabs obtained from swine personnel in Peninsular Malaysia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Yien Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM - MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farina Mustaffa-Kamal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kenny Gah Leong Voon
- Division of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Wai Cheng Fong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Peck Toung Ooi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dolbec D, Lehoux M, de Beauville AA, Zahn A, Di Noia JM, Segura M. Unmutated but T cell dependent IgM antibodies targeting Streptococcus suis play an essential role in bacterial clearance. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011957. [PMID: 38241393 PMCID: PMC10829992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important encapsulated bacterial swine pathogen and zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. The interaction with B cells and the humoral response against S. suis are poorly understood despite their likely relevance for a potential vaccine. We evaluated germinal center (GC) B cell kinetics, as well as the production and role of S. suis-specific antibodies following infections in a mouse model. We found that mice infected with S. suis developed GC that peaked 13-21 days post-infection. GC further increased and persisted upon periodic reinfection that mimics real life conditions in swine farms. Anti-S. suis IgM and several IgG subclasses were produced, but antibodies against the S. suis capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were largely IgM. Interestingly, depletion of total IgG from the wild-type mice sera had no effect on bacterial killing by opsonophagocytosis in vitro. Somatic hypermutation and isotype switching were dispensable for controlling the infection or anti-CPS IgM production. However, T cell-deficient (Tcrb-/-) mice were unable to control bacteremia, produce optimal anti-CPS IgM titers, or elicit antibodies with opsonophagocytic activity. SAP deficiency, which prevents GC formation but not extrafollicular B cell responses, ablated anti S. suis-IgG production but maintained IgM production and eliminated the infection. In contrast, B cell deficient mice were unable to control bacteremia. Collectively, our results indicate that the antibody response plays a large role in immunity against S. suis, with GC-independent but T cell-dependent germline IgM being the major effective antibody specificities. Our results further highlight the importance IgM, and potentially anti-CPS antibodies, in clearing S. suis infections and provide insight for future development of S. suis vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Dolbec
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lehoux
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Asselin de Beauville
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javier Marcelo Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weldearegay YB, Brogaard L, Nerlich A, Schaaf D, Heegaard PMH, Valentin-Weigand P. Transcriptional Host Responses to Infection with Streptococcus suis in a Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slice Model: Between-Strain Differences Suggest Association with Virulence Potential. Pathogens 2023; 13:4. [PMID: 38276150 PMCID: PMC10820225 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a porcine and zoonotic pathogen in the upper respiratory tract, expressing different capsular serotypes and virulence-associated factors. Given its genomic and phenotypic diversity, the virulence potential of S. suis cannot be attributed to a single factor. Since strong inflammatory response is a hallmark of S. suis infection, the objective of this study was to investigate the differences in transcriptional host responses to two serotype 2 and one serotype 9 strains. Both serotypes are frequently found in clinical isolates. We infected porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) with two serotype 2 strains of high (strain S10) and low (strain T15) virulence, and a serotype 9 strain 8067 of moderate virulence. We observed higher expression of inflammation-related genes during early infection with strains T15 and 8067, in contrast to infection with strain 10, whose expression peaked late. In addition, bacterial gene expression from infected PCLSs revealed differences, mainly of metabolism-related and certain virulence-associated bacterial genes amongst these strains. We conclude that the strain- and time-dependent induction of genes involved in innate immune response might reflect clinical outcomes of infection in vivo, implying rapid control of infection with less virulent strains compared to the highly virulent strain S10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yenehiwot Berhanu Weldearegay
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Louise Brogaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (L.B.); (P.M.H.H.)
| | - Andreas Nerlich
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Désirée Schaaf
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Protein Science and Biotherapeutics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (L.B.); (P.M.H.H.)
- Department of Health Technology, Experimental & Translational Immunology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany; (Y.B.W.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hosseindoust A, Choi Y, Ha S, Tajudeen H, Mun J, Kinara E, Kim Y, Kim J. Anti-Bordetella bronchiseptica effects of targeted bacteriophages via microbiome and metabolic mediated mechanisms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21755. [PMID: 38066337 PMCID: PMC10709636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica poses a significant challenge in the context of respiratory infections, particularly in weanling pigs. In this study, we investigated the impact of a novel targeted bacteriophage in controlling B. bronchiseptica challenge (BBC) in an experimental design involving five distinct treatment groups: NC (no challenge), PC (BBC challenge), BF (108 pfu bacteriophage/kg diet + BBC), BN (2 × 107 pfu/day bacteriophage by nasal spray + BBC), and AT (antibiotic + BBC). The experiment was conducted for 2 weeks. The highest turbinate score was observed in the PC. The BF treatment showed higher plasma IL (interleukine)-1β and IL-6 compared with the BN and AT treatments. Plasma concentrations of IL-1β were increased in the BF pigs compared with the BN, AT, and NC. Among the BBC groups, the PC treatment exhibited a higher abundance of Staphylococcus. aureus and B. bronchiseptica in the lung. A lower S. aureus, Streptococcus. suis, and B. bronchiseptica colonization was detected in the AT compared with the BF and BN treatments. The BF showed lower plasma zonulin compared with the BN and AT. A higher plasma concentration of superoxide dismutase was observed in the BF and AT compared with PC and BN. The BN influenced the glycine, serine-threonine metabolism; glycerolipid metabolism; glyoxylate-dicarboxylate metabolism; and arachidonic acid metabolism compared with the NC. In conclusion, nasal-sprayed bacteriophage effectively controlled B. bronchiseptica infection, however, their efficiency was lower than the antibiotic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - YoHan Choi
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Republic of Korea
| | - SangHun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - JunYoung Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Elick Kinara
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungIn Kim
- CTC Bio, Inc., Seoul, 138-858, Republic of Korea
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin M, Liang S, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Liu S, Xie F. Endopeptidase O promotes Streptococcus suis immune evasion by cleaving the host- defence peptide cathelicidins. Virulence 2023; 14:2283896. [PMID: 38010345 PMCID: PMC10732652 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2283896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic Gram-positive bacterium that causes invasive infections such as sepsis and meningitis, threatening public health worldwide. For successful establishment of infection, the bacterium should subvert the innate effectors of immune defence, including the cathelicidin family of host-defence peptides that combat pathogenic bacteria by directly disrupting cell membranes and coordinating immune responses. Here, our study shows that an extracellular endopeptidase O (PepO) of S. suis contributes to assisting the bacterium to resist cathelicidin-mediated killing, as the deletion of the pepO gene makes S. suis more sensitive to the human cathelicidin LL-37, as well as its mouse equivalent, mCRAMP. This protease targets and cleaves both LL-37 and mCRAMP, degrading them into shorter peptides with only a few amino acids, thereby abrogating their ability to kill S. suis. By cleaving LL-37 and mCRAMP, PepO impairs their chemotactic properties for neutrophil migration and undermines their anti-apoptosis activity, which is required for prolonging neutrophil lifespan. Also, PepO inhibits the ability of LL-37 and mCRAMP to promote lysosome development in macrophages. Moreover, the loss of PepO attenuates organ injury and decreases bacterial burdens in a murine model of S. suis bacteraemia. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the role of the intrinsic proteolytic characteristics of PepO in S. suis-host interaction. Our findings demonstrate that S. suis utilizes the PepO protease to cleave cathelicidins, which is an immunosuppressive strategy adopted by this bacterium to facilitate pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wanjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yin F, Hu Y, Bu Z, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hu Y, Xue Y, Li S, Tan C, Chen X, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. Genome-wide identification of genes critical for in vivo fitness of multi-drug resistant porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli by transposon-directed insertion site sequencing using a mouse infection model. Virulence 2023; 14:2158708. [PMID: 36537189 PMCID: PMC9828833 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Recently, ExPEC has been reported to be an emerging problem in pig farming. However, the mechanism of pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC remains to be revealed. In this study, we constructed a transposon (Tn) mutagenesis library covering Tn insertion in over 72% of the chromosome-encoded genes of a virulent and multi-drug resistant porcine ExPEC strain PCN033. By using a mouse infection model, a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) assay was performed to identify in vivo fitness factors. By comparing the Tn insertion frequencies between the input Tn library and the recovered library from different organs, 64 genes were identified to be involved in fitness during systemic infection. 15 genes were selected and individual gene deletion mutants were constructed. The in vivo fitness was evaluated by using a competitive infection assay. Among them, ΔfimG was significantly outcompeted by the WT strain in vivo and showed defective adhesion to host cells. rfa which was involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was shown to be critical for in vivo fitness which may have resulted from its role in the resistance to serum killing. In addition, several metabolic genes including fepB, sdhC, fepG, gltS, dcuA, ccmH, ddpD, narU, glpD, malM, and yabL and two regulatory genes metJ and baeS were shown as important determinants of in vivo fitness of porcine ExPEC. Collectively, this study performed a genome-wide screening for in vivo fitness factors which will be important for understanding the pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Rui Zhou
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,Qi Huang
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang X, Yu G, Zhu L, Siddique A, Zhan D, Zhou L, Yue M. Flanking N- and C-terminal domains of PrsA in Streptococcus suis type 2 are crucial for inducing cell death independent of TLR2 recognition. Virulence 2023; 14:2249779. [PMID: 37641974 PMCID: PMC10467536 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2249779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis type 2 (SS2), a major emerging/re-emerging zoonotic pathogen found in humans and pigs, can cause severe clinical infections, and pose public health issues. Our previous studies recognized peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PrsA) as a critical virulence factor promoting SS2 pathogenicity. PrsA contributed to cell death and operated as a pro-inflammatory effector. However, the molecular pathways through which PrsA contributes to cell death are poorly understood. Here in this study, we prepared the recombinant PrsA protein and found that pyroptosis and necroptosis were involved in cell death stimulated by PrsA. Specific pyroptosis and necroptosis signalling inhibitors could significantly alleviate the fatal effect. Cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β in pyroptosis with phosphorylated MLKL proteins in necroptosis pathways, respectively, were activated after PrsA stimulation. Truncated protein fragments of enzymatic PPIase domain (PPI), N-terminal (NP), and C-terminal (PC) domains fused with PPIase, were expressed and purified. PrsA flanking N- or C-terminal but not enzymatic PPIase domain was found to be critical for PrsA function in inducing cell death and inflammation. Additionally, PrsA protein could be anchored on the cell surface to interact with host cells. However, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was not implicated in cell death and recognition of PrsA. PAMPs of PrsA could not promote TLR2 activation, and no rescued phenotypes of death were shown in cells blocking of TLR2 receptor or signal-transducing adaptor of MyD88. Overall, these data, for the first time, advanced our perspective on PrsA function and elucidated that PrsA-induced cell death requires its flanking N- or C-terminal domain but is dispensable for recognizing TLR2. Further efforts are still needed to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of PrsA-inducing cell death and, therefore, contribution to SS2 pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Jiang
- College of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Active Component of Natural Drugs, Poster-Doctoral Research Center, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guijun Yu
- College of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lexin Zhu
- College of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Abubakar Siddique
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Atta Ur Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dongbo Zhan
- College of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linhua Zhou
- College of Medicine, Yichun University, Yichun, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Yue
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sedano SA, Cantalejo MGCT, Lapitan CGAR, de Guzman AMES, Consignado JT, Tandang NA, Estacio MAC, Kerdsin A, Silva BBI. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis in smallhold swine farms in the Philippines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21178. [PMID: 38040767 PMCID: PMC10692119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the presence and characteristics of locally circulating strains of Streptococcus suis, the most important streptococcal pathogen in swine. Oral swab samples were collected from pigs from 664 representative smallhold farms across nine provinces in the Philippines. Isolates were identified and characterized using PCR assays. The study revealed an isolation rate of 15.8% (105/664, 95% CI: 13.0-18.6) among the sampled farms. Two hundred sixty-nine (269) S. suis isolates were recovered from 119 unique samples. Serotype 31 was the most prevalent (50/269, 95% CI: 13.9-23.2) among the other serotypes identified: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 21, 27, 28, and 29. The detection of the three 'classical' S. suis virulence-associated genes showed that 90.7% (244/269, 95% CI: 87.2-94.2) were mrp-/epf-/sly-. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis further revealed 70 novel sequence types (STs). Notably, several local isolates belonging to these novel STs formed clonal complexes (CC) with S. suis strains recovered from Spain and USA, which are major pork-exporting countries to the Philippines. This study functionally marks the national baseline knowledge of S. suis in Philippines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Sedano
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - Mary Grace Concepcion T Cantalejo
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Christine Grace Angela R Lapitan
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Ecosystem Services and Environmental Policy Laboratory, School of Environmental Science and Management, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Angelo Miguel Elijah S de Guzman
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Department of Agrarian Reform, Elliptical Road, Diliman, 1107, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jennielyn T Consignado
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Nancy A Tandang
- Institute of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Maria Amelita C Estacio
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, 47000, Thailand
| | - Benji Brayan Ilagan Silva
- Veterinary Vaccines Laboratory, National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Murray GGR, Hossain ASMM, Miller EL, Bruchmann S, Balmer AJ, Matuszewska M, Herbert J, Hadjirin NF, Mugabi R, Li G, Ferrando ML, Fernandes de Oliveira IM, Nguyen T, Yen PLK, Phuc HD, Zaw Moe A, Su Wai T, Gottschalk M, Aragon V, Valentin-Weigand P, Heegaard PMH, Vrieling M, Thein Maw M, Thidar Myint H, Tun Win Y, Thi Hoa N, Bentley SD, Clavijo MJ, Wells JM, Tucker AW, Weinert LA. The emergence and diversification of a zoonotic pathogen from within the microbiota of intensively farmed pigs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307773120. [PMID: 37963246 PMCID: PMC10666105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion and intensification of livestock production is predicted to promote the emergence of pathogens. As pathogens sometimes jump between species, this can affect the health of humans as well as livestock. Here, we investigate how livestock microbiota can act as a source of these emerging pathogens through analysis of Streptococcus suis, a ubiquitous component of the respiratory microbiota of pigs that is also a major cause of disease on pig farms and an important zoonotic pathogen. Combining molecular dating, phylogeography, and comparative genomic analyses of a large collection of isolates, we find that several pathogenic lineages of S. suis emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, during an early period of growth in pig farming. These lineages have since spread between countries and continents, mirroring trade in live pigs. They are distinguished by the presence of three genomic islands with putative roles in metabolism and cell adhesion, and an ongoing reduction in genome size, which may reflect their recent shift to a more pathogenic ecology. Reconstructions of the evolutionary histories of these islands reveal constraints on pathogen emergence that could inform control strategies, with pathogenic lineages consistently emerging from one subpopulation of S. suis and acquiring genes through horizontal transfer from other pathogenic lineages. These results shed light on the capacity of the microbiota to rapidly evolve to exploit changes in their host population and suggest that the impact of changes in farming on the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of S. suis is yet to be fully realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma G. R. Murray
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, LondonWC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eric L. Miller
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA19041
| | - Sebastian Bruchmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Balmer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Matuszewska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Herbert
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, PortsmouthPO1 2DD, United Kingdom
| | - Nazreen F. Hadjirin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mugabi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Ganwu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Maria Laura Ferrando
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, 6700 AHWageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thanh Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phung L. K. Yen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho D. Phuc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Aung Zaw Moe
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thiri Su Wai
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Université de Montréal, QuébecJ2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Unitat Mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona08193, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Peter Valentin-Weigand
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover30559, Germany
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Manouk Vrieling
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RALelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Min Thein Maw
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Ye Tun Win
- Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LG, United Kingdom
- Microbiology Department and Center for Tropical Medicine Research, Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Stephen D. Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, CambridgeCB10 1RQ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria J. Clavijo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
- Animal Sciences Department, Wageningen University, 6700 AHWageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander W. Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy A. Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Payen S, Roy D, Okura M, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Study of the Role of Lipoprotein Maturation Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of the Infection Caused by the Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Sequence Type 25 North American Prototype Strain. Pathogens 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 38003790 PMCID: PMC10675726 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12111325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine bacterial pathogen causing sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. However, serotype 2 strains are phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous and composed of a multitude of sequence types (STs) whose distributions greatly vary worldwide. It has been previously shown that the lipoprotein (LPP) maturation enzymes diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) and signal peptidase (Lsp) significantly modulate the inflammatory host response and play a differential role in virulence depending on the genetic background of the strain. Differently from Eurasian ST1/ST7 strains, the capsular polysaccharide of a North American S. suis serotype 2 ST25 representative strain only partially masks sub-capsular domains and bacterial wall components. Thus, our hypothesis is that since LPPs would be more surface exposed in ST25 strains than in their ST1 or ST7 counterparts, the maturation enzymes would play a more important role in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by the North American strain. Using isogenic Δlgt and Δlsp mutants derived from the wild-type ST25 strain, our studies suggest that these enzymes do not seem to play a role in the interaction between S. suis and epithelial and endothelial cells, regardless of the genetics background of the strain used. However, a role in the formation of biofilms (also independently of the STs) has been demonstrated. Moreover, the involvement of LPP dendritic cell activation in vitro seems to be somehow more pronounced with the ST25 strain. Finally, the Lgt enzyme seems to play a more important role in the virulence of the ST25 strain. Although some differences between STs could be observed, our original hypothesis that LPPs would be significantly more important in ST25 strains due to a better bacterial surface exposition could not be confirmed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Servane Payen
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.P.); (M.S.)
| | - David Roy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Transboundary Animal Disease Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan;
| | - Mariela Segura
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.P.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liedel C, Rieckmann K, Baums CG. A critical review on experimental Streptococcus suis infection in pigs with a focus on clinical monitoring and refinement strategies. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:188. [PMID: 37798634 PMCID: PMC10552360 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major pig pathogen worldwide with zoonotic potential. Though different research groups have contributed to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of S. suis infections in recent years, there are still numerous neglected research topics requiring animal infection trials. Of note, animal experiments are crucial to develop a cross-protective vaccine which is highly needed in the field. Due to the severe clinical signs associated with S. suis pathologies such as meningitis and arthritis, implementation of refinement is very important to reduce pain and distress of experimentally infected pigs. This review highlights the great diversity of clinical signs and courses of disease after experimental S. suis pig infections. We review clinical read out parameters and refinement strategies in experimental S. suis pig infections published between 2000 and 2021. Currently, substantial differences exist in describing clinical monitoring and humane endpoints. Most of the reviewed studies set the body temperature threshold of fever as high as 40.5°C. Monitoring intervals vary mainly between daily, twice a day and three times a day. Only a few studies apply scoring systems. Published scoring systems are inconsistent in their inclusion of parameters such as body temperature, feeding behavior, and respiratory signs. Locomotion and central nervous system signs are more common clinical scoring parameters in different studies by various research groups. As the heterogenicity in clinical monitoring limits the comparability between studies we hope to initiate a discussion with this review leading to an agreement on clinical read out parameters and monitoring intervals among S. suis research groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Liedel
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Karoline Rieckmann
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Christoph G Baums
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nicholson TL, Kalalah AA, Eppinger M. Population structure and genetic diversity of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1250265. [PMID: 37808309 PMCID: PMC10551183 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1250265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis are an extensive economic problem as well as an animal welfare concern for the global swine industry. Previous studies have evaluated the genomic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates, however, the majority of these studies utilized isolates obtained from countries other than the U.S. This study applied whole genome sequencing and cgMLST-based typing to evaluate the population structure and genetic relatedness among S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. The established high-resolution phylogenomic framework revealed extensive genomic variation and diversity among the sampled S. suis isolates, with isolates from the U.S. and from countries outside the U.S. found interspersed in the phylogeny. S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S. did not cluster by state or geographic location, however, isolates with similar serotypes, both obtained from within and outside the U.S., generally clustered together. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values determined for the S. suis genomes were extensively broad, approaching the recommended species demarcation value, and correlated with the phylogenetic group distribution of the cgMLST-based tree. Numerous antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements were identified among both U.S. and non-U.S. isolates with ble, tetO, and ermB genes identified as the most prevalent. The epf, mrp, and sly genes, historically used as markers for virulence potential, were also observed in the genomes of isolates that grouped together forming a subclade of clonal complex 1 (CC1) isolates. Collectively, the data in this report provides critical information needed to address potential biosurveillance needs and insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anwar A. Kalalah
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (STCEID), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology (MMI), The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li J, Han N, Li Y, Zhao F, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Evaluating the Antibacterial and Antivirulence Activities of Floxuridine against Streptococcus suis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14211. [PMID: 37762514 PMCID: PMC10532271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that can cause fatal diseases such as meningitis and sepsis in pigs and human beings. The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an increased level of resistance in S. suis, and novel antimicrobial agents or anti-virulence agents for the treatment of infections caused by S. suis are urgently needed. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial activity, mode of action and anti-virulence effects of floxuridine against S. suis. Floxuridine showed excessive antibacterial activity against S. suis both in vivo and in vitro; 4 × MIC of floxuridine could kill S. suis within 8 h in a time-kill assay. Meanwhile, floxuridine disrupted the membrane structure and permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane. Molecular docking revealed that floxuridine and SLY can be directly bind to each other. Moreover, floxuridine effectively inhibited the hemolytic capacity and expression levels of the virulence-related genes of S. suis. Collectively, these results indicate that the FDA-approved anticancer drug floxuridine is a promising agent and a potential virulence inhibitor against S. suis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (W.X.)
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ning Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (W.X.)
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (W.X.)
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (W.X.)
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (W.X.)
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (W.X.)
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Neila-Ibáñez C, Napp S, Pailler-García L, Franco-Martínez L, Cerón JJ, Aragon V, Casal J. Risk factors associated with Streptococcus suis cases on pig farms in Spain. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3056. [PMID: 37269537 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis can cause meningitis, polyarthritis and acute death in piglets. However, the risk factors associated with S. suis infection remain incompletely understood. Therefore, a longitudinal study was carried out, in which six batches from two Spanish pig farms with S. suis problems were repeatedly examined to determine possible risk factors. METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted, and potential risk factors were evaluated using mixed-effects logistic regression models. The explanatory variables included: (a) concomitant pathogens; (b) biomarkers associated with stress, inflammation and oxidative status; (c) farm environmental factors; and (d) parity and S. suis presence in sows. Three models were built to study the effect of these variables, including two to assess the risk factors involved in the subsequent development of disease. RESULTS Risk factors for S. suis-associated disease included porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus co-infection at weaning (odds ratio [OR] = 6.69), sow parity (OR = 0.71), haptoglobin level before weaning (OR = 1.01), relative humidity (OR = 1.11) and temperature (OR = 0.13). LIMITATIONS Laboratory diagnosis was done at the batch level, with individual diagnosis based on clinical signs only. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the multifactorial nature of S. suis-associated disease, with both environmental factors and factors related to the host involved in disease development. Controlling these factors may, therefore, help prevent the appearance of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neila-Ibáñez
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lola Pailler-García
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Franco-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Werinder A, Aspán A, Jacobson M, Backhans A, Sjölund M, Guss B, Söderlund R. Genome characteristics related to the virulence of Streptococcus suis in Swedish pigs. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109839. [PMID: 37531841 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of S. suis on Swedish pig production has increased in recent years, and characterization of the strains present in the pig population is needed to aid in surveillance and prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and characterize differences in the genomes between Swedish S. suis isolates associated with disease and isolates from healthy animals. Isolates categorized as being pathogenic (n = 100) or non-pathogenic (n = 117) were whole-genome sequenced, serotyped in silico, and sequence-typed using traditional MLST and core-genome MLST, and a genome-wide association study was performed to identify virulence-associated genes. In decreasing order, serotypes 2, 1, and 7 were the most common in the pathogenic group, and serotypes 15 and 12 were the most common in the non-pathogenic group. Among the commonly disease-associated sequence types, ST28 and ST25 were identified, whereas ST1 was scarcely found. The majority of isolates belonged to novel sequence types, revealing differences between Swedish isolates and those reported from other countries. The genomes of the pathogenic isolates were on average smaller and less heterogenic as compared to those of the non-pathogenic isolates. Although a majority of the previously published virulence-associated genes included in the study were found in the genomes of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates, several new, significantly virulence-associated genes were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Werinder
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Aspán
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Microbiology, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jacobson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annette Backhans
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Sjölund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Clinical Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Guss
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Department of Microbiology, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chaiden C, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Roytrakul S, Kerdsin A, Nuanualsuwan S. Unlocking the Secrets of Streptococcus suis: A peptidomics comparison of virulent and non-virulent serotypes 2, 14, 18, and 19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287639. [PMID: 37384746 PMCID: PMC10310009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important bacterial pathogen, that causes serious infections in humans and pigs. Although numerous virulence factors have been proposed, their particular role in pathogenesis is still inconclusive. The current study explored putative peptides responsible for the virulence of S. suis serotype 2 (SS2). Thus, the peptidome of highly virulent SS2, less prevalent SS14, and rarely reported serotypes SS18 and SS19 were comparatively analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS). Six serotype-specific peptides, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-acetyltransferase (DapH), alanine racemase (Alr), CCA-adding enzyme (CCA), peptide chain release factor 3 (RF3), ATP synthase subunit delta (F0F1-ATPases) and aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase), were expressed moderately to highly only in the SS2 peptidome with p-values of less than 0.05. Some of these proteins are responsible for bacterial cellular stability; especially, Alr was highly expressed in the SS2 peptidome and is associated with peptidoglycan biosynthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. This study indicated that these serotype-specific peptides, which were significantly expressed by virulent SS2, could serve as putative virulence factors to promote its competitiveness with other coexistences in a particular condition. Further in vivo studies of these peptides should be performed to confirm the virulence roles of these identified peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chadaporn Chaiden
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pageaut H, Lacouture S, Lehoux M, Marois-Créhan C, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Interactions of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and/or Mycoplasma hyorhinis with Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Using In Vitro Co-Infection Models with Swine Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:866. [PMID: 37513713 PMCID: PMC10383509 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and/or viral co-infections are very common in swine production and cause severe economic losses. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Streptococcus suis are pathogenic bacteria that may be found simultaneously in the respiratory tracts of pigs. In the present study, the interactions of S. suis with epithelial and phagocytic cells in the presence or absence of a pre-infection with M. hyopneumoniae and/or M. hyorhinis were studied. Results showed relatively limited interactions between these pathogens. A previous infection with one or both mycoplasmas did not influence the adhesion or invasion properties of S. suis in epithelial cells or its resistance to phagocytosis (including intracellular survival) by macrophages and dendritic cells. The most important effect observed during the co-infection was a clear increment in toxicity for the cells. An increase in the relative expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8 was also observed; however, this was the consequence of an additive effect due to the presence of different pathogens rather than a synergic effect. It may be hypothesized that if one or both mycoplasmas are present along with S. suis in the lower respiratory tract at the same time, then increased damage to epithelial cells and phagocytes, as well as an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, may eventually enhance the invasive properties of S. suis. However, more studies should be carried out to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héloïse Pageaut
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lehoux
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Corinne Marois-Créhan
- Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Mycoplasmology Bacteriology and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22 440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Qu Q, Cui W, Huang X, Zhu Z, Dong Y, Yuan Z, Dong C, Zheng Y, Chen X, Yuan S, Li Y. Gallic Acid Restores the Sulfonamide Sensitivity of Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus suis via Polypharmaceology Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6894-6907. [PMID: 37125728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the large amount of antibiotics used for human therapy, agriculture, and even aquaculture, the emergence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus suis (S. suis) led to serious public health threats. Antibiotic-assisted strategies have emerged as a promising approach to alleviate this crisis. Here, the polyphenolic compound gallic acid was found to enhance sulfonamides against multidrug-resistant S. suis. Mechanistic analysis revealed that gallic acid effectively disrupts the integrity and function of the cytoplasmic membrane by dissipating the proton motive force of bacteria. Moreover, we found that gallic acid regulates the expression of dihydrofolate reductase, which in turn inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis. As a result of polypharmacology, gallic acid can fully restore sulfadiazine sodium activity in the animal infection model without any drug resistances. Our findings provide an insightful view into the threats of antibiotic resistance. It could become a promising strategy to resolve this crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingyu Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yadan Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Han N, Li J, Wan P, Pan Y, Xu T, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Co-Existence of Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes cfr(D) and optrA on Two Streptococcus parasuis Isolates from Swine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050825. [PMID: 37237728 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the presence and characteristics of the oxazolidinone resistance genes optrA and cfr(D) in Streptococcus parasuis. In total, 36 Streptococcus isolates (30 Streptococcus suis isolates, 6 Streptococcus parasuis isolates) were collected from pig farms in China in 2020-2021, using PCR to determine the presence of optrA and cfr. Then, 2 of the 36 Streptococcus isolates were further processed as follows. Whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly were employed to analyze the genetic environment of the optrA and cfr(D) genes. Conjugation and inverse PCR were employed to verify the transferability of optrA and cfr(D). The optrA and cfr(D) genes were identified in two S. parasuis strains named SS17 and SS20, respectively. The optrA of the two isolates was located on chromosomes invariably associated with the araC gene and Tn554, which carry the resistance genes erm(A) and ant(9). The two plasmids that carry cfr(D), pSS17 (7550 bp) and pSS20-1 (7550 bp) have 100% nucleotide sequence identity. The cfr(D) was flanked by GMP synthase and IS1202. The findings of this study extend the current knowledge of the genetic background of optrA and cfr(D) and indicate that Tn554 and IS1202 may play an important role in the transmission of optrA and cfr(D), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Laboratory of Safety Evaluation (Environmental Assessment) of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma M, Wang S, Zhu X, Li X, Bao Y, Chen X, Wu Z. The Identification of Streptococcus pasteurianus Obtained from Six Regions in China by Multiplex PCR Assay and the Characteristics of Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance of This Zoonotic Pathogen. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040615. [PMID: 37111501 PMCID: PMC10142533 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pasteurianus is a zoonotic pathogen causing meningitis and bacteremia in animals and humans. A lack of accurate and convenient detection methods hinders preventing and controlling diseases caused by S. pasteurianus. Additionally, there is limited knowledge about its pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance characteristics, as there are only three complete genome sequences available. In this study, we established a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of S. pasteurianus, which was applied to six fecal samples from cattle with diarrhea and 285 samples from healthy pigs. Out of the samples tested, 24 were positive, including 5 from pig tonsils, 18 from pig hilar lymph nodes, and 1 from cattle feces. Two strains were isolated from positive samples, and their complete genomes were sequenced. The two strains were non-virulent in mice and multidrug-resistant by the antimicrobial susceptibility test. We first found the presence of genes tet(O/W/32/O) and lsa(E) in S. pasteurianus, leading to resistance to lincosamides and tetracyclines. The convenient and specific multiplex PCR assay provides essential technical support for epidemiological research, and the complete genome sequence of two non-virulent strains contributes to understanding this zoonotic bacterium's genomic characteristics and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaohang Ma
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shuoyue Wang
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinchi Zhu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yinli Bao
- Engineering Research Center for the Prevention and Control of Animal Original Zoonosis, College of Life Science, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Niu K, Meng Y, Liu M, Ma Z, Lin H, Zhou H, Fan H. Phosphorylation of GntR reduces Streptococcus suis oxidative stress resistance and virulence by inhibiting NADH oxidase transcription. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011227. [PMID: 36913374 PMCID: PMC10010549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GntR transcription factor of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a potential substrate protein of STK, but the regulation mechanisms of GntR phosphorylation are still unclear. This study confirmed that STK phosphorylated GntR in vivo, and in vitro phosphorylation experiments showed that STK phosphorylated GntR at Ser-41. The phosphomimetic strain (GntR-S41E) had significantly reduced lethality in mice and reduced bacterial load in the blood, lung, liver, spleen, and brain of infected mice compared to wild-type (WT) SS2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments demonstrated that the promoter of nox was bound by GntR. The phosphomimetic protein GntR-S41E cannot bind to the promoter of nox, and the nox transcription levels were significantly reduced in the GntR-S41E mutant compared to WT SS2. The virulence in mice and the ability to resist oxidative stress of the GntR-S41E strain were restored by complementing transcript levels of nox. NOX is an NADH oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD+ with the reduction of oxygen to water. We found that NADH is likely accumulated under oxidative stress in the GntR-S41E strain, and higher NADH levels resulted in increased amplified ROS killing. In total, we report GntR phosphorylation could inhibit the transcription of nox, which impaired the ability of SS2 to resist oxidative stress and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Niu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Meng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxing Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang P, Yang L, Cao K, Hu Q, Hu Y, Shi J, Zhao D, Yu X. Novel virulence factor Cba induces antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of Streptococcus suis Serotype 9 infection in a mouse model. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1027419. [PMID: 36896190 PMCID: PMC9989217 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1027419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (SS) is a zoonotic pathogen that affects the health of humans and the development of the pig industry. The SS Cba protein is a collagen adhesin, and a few of its homologs are related to the enhancement of bacterial adhesion. We compared the phenotypes of SS9-P10, SS9-P10 cba knockout strains and its complementary strains in vitro and in vivo and found that knocking out the cba gene did not affect the growth characteristics of the strain, but it significantly reduced the ability of SS to form biofilms, adhesion to host cells, phagocytic resistance to macrophages and attenuated virulence in a mouse infection model. These results indicated that Cba was a virulence related factor of SS9. In addition, Mice immunized with the Cba protein had higher mortality and more serious organ lesions after challenge, and the same was observed in passive immunization experiments. This phenomenon is similar to the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection by bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of antibody-dependent enhancement of SS, and these observations highlight the complexity of antibody-based therapy for SS infection.
Collapse
|
39
|
Establishment and Application of an Indirect ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Porcine Streptococcus suis Based on a Recombinant GMD Protein. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040719. [PMID: 36830506 PMCID: PMC9952749 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
S. suis is an important zoonotic pathogen from sick and recessive carrier pigs that poses a serious threat to animal husbandry production and public health. It usually causes horizontal transmission among pigs. The morbidity and mortality of this disease are very high. Human infection is caused through direct or indirect contact with sick pigs. The two large-scale outbreaks in China were due to the outbreak of S. suis on pig farms, which spread to human infection; thus, detecting S. suis in pig herds is crucial. At present, the commercial S. suis ELISA type 2 kits on the market can only detect single serotypes, high probabilities of interaction reactions, and biosafety risks when using inactivated S. suis as an antigen. Phosphate-3-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (GAPDH), muramidase-released protein (MRP), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) are important S. suis type 2, S. suis type 7, and S. suis type 9 protective antigens. This study purified the GMD protein (B-cell-dominant epitopes of GAPDH, MRP, and DLDH antigens) and used a diverse combination of dominant epitopes of the multiple different antigens as coated antigens, improving the sensitivity and safety of the indirect ELISA experiments. An indirect ELISA method (GMD-ELISA) was developed for detecting S. suis antibodies. The antigen-antibody response was optimized using checkerboard titration. The results of testing using ELISA for Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) were all negative, indicating that this method had strong specificity. The results were still positive when the dilution ratio of S. suis-positive serum reached 1:6, 400, thus indicating that the method had high sensitivity. The results of the reproducibility assay for indirect ELISA showed that the intra-assay coefficient of variation and the inter-assay coefficient of variation were less than 10%, indicating that the method had good repeatability. We investigated the seroprevalence of S. suis in 167 serum samples collected in East China, and 33.5% of the samples were positive for antibodies against S. suis, indicating that the prevalence of S. suis is high in pig farms in Eastern China. The novel GMD-ELISA is a convenient, sensitive, and specific diagnostic method that provides technical support for rapid diagnosis and epidemiological investigation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Y, Ma B, Hua K, Gong H, He R, Luo R, Bi D, Zhou R, Langford PR, Jin H. PPNet: Identifying Functional Association Networks by Phylogenetic Profiling of Prokaryotic Genomes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0387122. [PMID: 36602356 PMCID: PMC9927313 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03871-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of microbial functional association networks allows interpretation of biological phenomena and a greater understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenicity and also underpins the formulation of control measures. Here, we describe PPNet, a tool that uses genome information and analysis of phylogenetic profiles with binary similarity and distance measures to derive large-scale bacterial gene association networks of a single species. As an exemplar, we have derived a functional association network in the pig pathogen Streptococcus suis using 81 binary similarity and dissimilarity measures which demonstrates excellent performance based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), the area under the precision-recall (AUPR), and a derived overall scoring method. Selected network associations were validated experimentally by using bacterial two-hybrid experiments. We conclude that PPNet, a publicly available (https://github.com/liyangjie/PPNet), can be used to construct microbial association networks from easily acquired genome-scale data. IMPORTANCE This study developed PPNet, the first tool that can be used to infer large-scale bacterial functional association networks of a single species. PPNet includes a method for assigning the uniqueness of a bacterial strain using the average nucleotide identity and the average nucleotide coverage. PPNet collected 81 binary similarity and distance measures for phylogenetic profiling and then evaluated and divided them into four groups. PPNet can effectively capture gene networks that are functionally related to phenotype from publicly prokaryotic genomes, as well as provide valuable results for downstream analysis and experiment testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dingren Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yi L, Fan Q, Wang H, Fan H, Zuo J, Wang Y, Wang Y. Establishment of Streptococcus suis Biofilm Infection Model In Vivo and Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles between In Vivo and In Vitro Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0268622. [PMID: 36507687 PMCID: PMC9927446 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02686-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that continuously threatens animal husbandry and public health worldwide. Studies have shown that S. suis can cause persistent infection by forming biofilms. In this study, a model of S. suis biofilm-related infection was successfully constructed for the first time by simulating the natural infection of S. suis, and biofilm of S. suis in vivo was successfully observed in the lung tissue of infected pigs by a variety of detection methods. Subsequently, selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS) was used to identify genes expressed by S. suis in vivo biofilms. Sixty-nine genes were captured in in vivo biofilms formed by S. suis for the first time by SCOTS; they were mainly involved in metabolism, cell replication, and division, transport, signal transduction, cell wall, etc. Genes related to S. suis in vitro biofilm formation were also identified by SCOTS and RNA sequencing. Approximately half of the genes captured by SCOTS in the in vivo and in vitro biofilms were found to be different. In summary, our study provides powerful clues for future exploration of the mechanisms of S. suis biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis is considered an important zoonotic pathogen, and persistent infection caused by biofilm is currently considered to be the reason why S. suis is difficult to control in swine. However, to date, a model of the biofilm of S. suis in vivo has not been successfully constructed. Here, we successfully detected biofilms of S. suis in vivo in lung tissues of piglets infected with S. suis. Selective capture of transcribed sequences and the transcriptome were used to obtain gene profiles of S. suis in vivo and in vitro biofilms, and the results showed large differences between them. Such data are of importance for future experimental studies exploring the mechanism of biofilm formation by S. suis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qingying Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Haoran Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathogen and Immunology of Animal of Luoyang, Luoyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang R, Wang J, Wang F, Zhang H, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Damage in Bacterial Meningitis: The Underlying Link, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032852. [PMID: 36769171 PMCID: PMC9918147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in supportive care and antimicrobial treatment, bacterial meningitis remains the most serious infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that poses a serious risk to life. This clinical dilemma is largely due to our insufficient knowledge of the pathology behind this disease. By controlling the entry of molecules into the CNS microenvironment, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective cellular monolayer that is specific to the CNS's microvasculature, regulates communication between the CNS and the rest of the body. A defining feature of the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis is the increase in BBB permeability. So far, several contributing factors for BBB disruption have been reported, including direct cellular damage brought on by bacterial virulence factors, as well as host-specific proteins or inflammatory pathways being activated. Recent studies have demonstrated that targeting pathological factors contributing to enhanced BBB permeability is an effective therapeutic complement to antimicrobial therapy for treating bacterial meningitis. Hence, understanding how these meningitis-causing pathogens affect the BBB permeability will provide novel perspectives for investigating bacterial meningitis's pathogenesis, prevention, and therapies. Here, we summarized the recent research progress on meningitis-causing pathogens disrupting the barrier function of BBB. This review provides handy information on BBB disruption by meningitis-causing pathogens, and helps design future research as well as develop potential combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jundan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li S, Wang C, Tang YD, Qin L, Chen T, Wang S, Bai Y, Cai X, Wang S. Interaction between Porcine Alveolar Macrophage-Tang Cells and Streptococcus suis Strains of Different Virulence: Phagocytosis and Apoptosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010160. [PMID: 36677452 PMCID: PMC9863715 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine bacterial pathogen that activates macrophages to secrete inflammatory cytokines. Primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) are inconvenient to obtain, but it is unknown whether immortalized PAM-Tang cells can replace them as a better cell model for the study of the interaction between S. suis and macrophages. In this study, the phagocytic integrity, polarization, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of PAM-Tang cells were confirmed by live-cell imaging, electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and ELISA. Interestingly, the S. suis serotype 9 avirulent strain W7119 induced higher levels of adhesion and pro-inflammatory cytokines in PAM-Tang cells than the S. suis serotype 2 virulent strain 700794. Prolonged incubation with S. suis caused more cytotoxic cell damage, and the virulent strain induced higher levels of cytotoxicity to PAM-Tang cells. The virulent strain also induced higher levels of apoptosis in PAM-Tang cells, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In addition, it is the first report of virulent and avirulent S. suis inducing PAM-Tang polarization towards pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and p53- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in PAMs. Taken together, this study contributes to a better understand of interactions between macrophages and S. suis isolates of different virulence, and confirms that PAM-Tang cells provide a long-term, renewable resource for investigating macrophage infections with bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Qin
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianfeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shanghui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuanzhe Bai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (S.W.)
| | - Shujie Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (S.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Payen S, Rrodriguez JA, Segura M, Gottschalk M. Laminin-binding protein of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 influences zinc acquisition and cytokine responses. Vet Res 2023; 54:1. [PMID: 36604750 PMCID: PMC9817373 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important bacterial pathogen of swine, responsible for substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. The knowledge on the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis is still poorly known. It has been previously described that S. suis possesses at least one lipoprotein with double laminin and zinc (Zn)-binding properties, which was described in the literature as either laminin-binding protein (Lmb, as in the current study), lipoprotein 103, CDS 0330 or AdcAII. In the present study, the role of the Lmb in the pathogenesis of the infection caused by S. suis serotype 2 was dissected. Using isogenic mutants, results showed that Lmb does not play an important role in the laminin-binding activity of S. suis, even when clearly exposed at the bacterial surface. In addition, the presence of this lipoprotein does not influence bacterial adhesion to and invasion of porcine respiratory epithelial and brain endothelial cells and it does not increase the susceptibility of S. suis to phagocytosis. On the other hand, the Lmb was shown to play an important role as cytokine activator when tested in vitro with dendritic cells. Finally, this lipoprotein plays a critical role in Zn acquisition from the host environment allowing bacteria to grow in vivo. The significant lower virulence of the Lmb defective mutant may be related to a combination of a lower bacterial survival due to the incapacity to acquire Zn from their surrounding milieu and a reduced cytokine activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Servane Payen
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Jesús Aranda Rrodriguez
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Department de Genètica I Microbiologia, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariela Segura
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Research Group On Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Meng Y, Lin S, Niu K, Ma Z, Lin H, Fan H. Vimentin affects inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in airway epithelium during Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. Vet Res 2023; 54:7. [PMID: 36717839 PMCID: PMC9885403 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) frequently colonizes the swine upper respiratory tract and can cause Streptococcal disease in swine with clinical manifestations of pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia. Previously, we have shown that vimentin, a kind of intermediate filament protein, is involved in the penetration of SS2 through the tracheal epithelial barrier. The initiation of invasive disease is closely related to SS2-induced excessive local inflammation; however, the role of vimentin in airway epithelial inflammation remains unclear. Here, we show that vimentin deficient mice exhibit attenuated lung injury, diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the IL-8 homolog, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), and substantially reduced neutrophils in the lungs following intranasal infection with SS2. We also found that swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) without vimentin show decreased transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8. SS2 infection caused reassembly of vimentin in STEC, and pharmacological disruption of vimentin filaments prevented the transcription of those proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, deficiency of vimentin failed to increase the transcription of nucleotide oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2), which is known to interact with vimentin, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB protein p65. This study provides insights into how vimentin promotes excessive airway inflammation, thereby exacerbating airway injury and SS2-induced systemic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojie Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Niu
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China ,grid.268415.cJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang S, Wang G, Tang YD, Li S, Qin L, Wang M, Yang YB, Gottschalk M, Cai X. Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Induces Splenomegaly with Splenocyte Apoptosis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0321022. [PMID: 36287014 PMCID: PMC9769541 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03210-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the damage to the important peripheral immune organ spleen caused by Streptococcus suis infection. In this study, we found that S. suis induced splenomegaly and lymphocyte disruption in spleens of mice. To explore the mechanism of splenic lesions induced by S. suis, we conducted further studies. The results showed that S. suis induced apoptosis in B cells, which is related to the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, but not the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Thus, S. suis induced apoptosis in the spleen through caspase-dependent and AIF-independent pathways. Inflammation lesions induced in the spleen of infected mice were also investigated; we found macrophages increased in histopathological lesions of infected spleens from 12 h postinoculation to 7 days postinoculation (dpi), and the type of increased macrophages was M1 type by confocal microscopy, which can secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, inflammasome NLRP3 and caspase-1 were activated, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) was cleaved, which causes pyroptosis that may result in the release of numerous proinflammatory cytokines. What's more, the increase of p-JNK and p-p38 indicated that the MAPK pathway was also involved in the proinflammatory responses during S. suis infection, whereas anti-inflammatory responses in spleen were suppressed, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) upregulating at 1 dpi. Taken together, proinflammatory immune responses dominate in early infection, which induce splenomegaly and splenocyte apoptosis. This is the first report of mechanisms associated with S. suis-induced splenic lesions. IMPORTANCE Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is considered an emerging pathogen and represents a threat to humans and animals. The spleen is an important peripheral immune organ, and splenomegaly is a consequence of lesions and an important clinical indicator of S. suis infection. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying spleen lesions is still very limited. In the present work, we made the investigation to explain the phenomenon and the related immunomodulation in a mouse infection model. The obtained results show that inflammation contributes to splenomegaly, while apoptosis contributes to lymphocyte disruption in spleens. Related signaling pathways were discovered which have never been associated with S. suis-induced splenic injury. The new knowledge generated will help us better understand the mechanism of S. suis pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Menghang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhong X, Ma J, Bai Q, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Gu Q, Pan Z, Liu G, Wu Z, Yao H. Identification of the RNA-binding domain-containing protein RbpA that acts as a global regulator of the pathogenicity of Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Virulence 2022; 13:1304-1314. [PMID: 35903019 PMCID: PMC9341378 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, causes swine diseases and human cases of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can modulate gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation. In this study, we identified an RBP harbouring an S1 domain, named RbpA, which facilitated SS2 adhesion to host epithelial cells and contributed to bacterial pathogenicity. Comparative proteomic analysis identified 145 proteins that were expressed differentially between ΔrbpA strain and wild-type strain, including several virulence-associated factors, such as the extracellular protein factor (EF), SrtF pilus, IgA1 protease, SBP2 pilus, and peptidoglycan-binding LysM’ proteins. The mechanisms underlying the regulatory effects of RbpA on their encoding genes were explored, and it was found that RbpA regulates gene expression through diverse mechanisms, including post-transcriptional regulation, and thus acts as a global regulator. These results partly reveal the pathogenic mechanism mediated by RbpA, improving our understanding of the regulatory systems of S. suis and providing new insights into bacterial pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qibing Gu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang C, Deng X, Lund P, Liu H, Ding X, Fu Z, Zhang N, Li J, Dong L. Rumen microbiota-host transcriptome interaction mediates the protective effects of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on facilitating weaning transition of lambs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:345-359. [PMID: 36788929 PMCID: PMC9898626 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing alternatives to antibiotics for prevention of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in early-weaning farmed animals is urgently needed. This study was to explore the potential effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on maintaining ruminal homeostasis of young ruminants during the weaning transition period. Thirty neonatal lambs were selected (6 lambs per group) and euthanized for rumen microbial and epithelial analysis. The lambs were weaned at 28 d and experienced the following 5 treatments: euthanized on d 28 as the pre-weaning control (CON0), fed starter feed for 5 (CON5) or 21 (CON21) d, fed starter feed with 1% of CLA supplemented for 5 (CLA5) or 21 (CLA21) d. Results showed that the average daily weight gain and dry matter intake were significantly higher in CLA5 than CON5 group. As compared with the CON5 and CON21 group, the relative abundances of volatile fatty acid (VFA) producing bacteria including Bacteroides, Treponema, Parabacteroides and Anaerovibrio, as well as the concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total VFA were significantly increased in CLA5 and CLA21 group, respectively. Integrating microbial profiling and epithelial transcriptome results showed that 7 downregulated inflammatory signaling-related host genes IL2RA, CXCL9, CD4, CCR4, LTB, SPP1, and BCL2A1 with CLA supplementation were significantly negatively correlated with both VFA concentration and VFA producing bacteria, while 3 (GPX2, SLC27A2 and ALDH3A1) and 2 (GSTM3 and GSTA1) upregulated metabolism-related genes, significantly positively correlated with either VFA concentration or VFA producing bacteria, respectively. To confirm the effects of CLA on epithelial signal transduction, in vitro experiment was further conducted by treating rumen epithelial cells without or with IL-17A + TNF-α for 12 h after pretreatment of 100 μM CLA or not (6 replicates per treatment). The results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of CLA via suppressing the protein expression of NF-кB p-p65/p65 with the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). In conclusion, CLA supplementation enhanced the ruminal microbiota-driven transcriptional regulation in healthy rumen epithelial development via rumen VFA production, and CLA may therefore serve as an alternative way to alleviate early-weaning stress and improve physiological and metabolic conditions of young ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiangfei Deng
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, AU Foulum, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Haixia Liu
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Xingwang Ding
- Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Naifeng Zhang
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminant, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- Institute of Food Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Lifeng Dong
- Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminant, Beijing, 100081, China,Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nicholson TL, Bayles DO. Comparative virulence and antimicrobial resistance distribution of Streptococcus suis isolates obtained from the United States. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043529. [PMID: 36439859 PMCID: PMC9687383 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry worldwide. Most S. suis genome sequences available in public databases are from isolates obtained outside the United States. We sequenced the genomes of 106 S. suis isolates from the U.S. and analyzed them to identify their potential to function as zoonotic agents and/or reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dissemination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of S. suis isolates obtained within the U.S., for the purpose of screening for genomic elements encoding AMR and any factors that could increase or contribute to the capacity of S. suis to transmit, colonize, and/or cause disease in humans. Forty-six sequence types (STs) were identified with ST28 observed as the most prevalent, followed by ST87. Of the 23 different serotypes identified, serotype 2 was the most prevalent, followed by serotype 8 and 3. Of the virulence genes analyzed, the highest nucleotide diversity was observed in sadP, mrp, and ofs. Tetracycline resistance was the most prevalent phenotypic antimicrobial resistance observed followed by macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance. Numerous AMR elements were identified, many located within MGE sequences, with the highest frequency observed for ble, tetO and ermB. No genes encoding factors known to contribute to the transmission, colonization, and/or causation of disease in humans were identified in any of the S. suis genomes in this study. This includes the 89 K pathogenicity island carried by the virulent S. suis isolates responsible for human infections. Collectively, the data reported here provide a comprehensive evaluation of the genetic diversity among U.S. S. suis isolates. This study also serves as a baseline for determining any potential risks associated with occupational exposure to these bacteria, while also providing data needed to address public health concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), Ames, IA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gemler BT, Mukherjee C, Howland CA, Huk D, Shank Z, Harbo LJ, Tabbaa OP, Bartling CM. Function-based classification of hazardous biological sequences: Demonstration of a new paradigm for biohazard assessments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:979497. [PMID: 36277394 PMCID: PMC9585941 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.979497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineering applies analytical and engineering principles to identify functional biological building blocks for biotechnology applications. While these building blocks are leveraged to improve the human condition, the lack of simplistic, machine-readable definition of biohazards at the function level is creating a gap for biosafety practices. More specifically, traditional safety practices focus on the biohazards of known pathogens at the organism-level and may not accurately consider novel biodesigns with engineered functionalities at the genetic component-level. This gap is motivating the need for a paradigm shift from organism-centric procedures to function-centric biohazard identification and classification practices. To address this challenge, we present a novel methodology for classifying biohazards at the individual sequence level, which we then compiled to distinguish the biohazardous property of pathogenicity at the whole genome level. Our methodology is rooted in compilation of hazardous functions, defined as a set of sequences and associated metadata that describe coarse-level functions associated with pathogens (e.g., adherence, immune subversion). We demonstrate that the resulting database can be used to develop hazardous “fingerprints” based on the functional metadata categories. We verified that these hazardous functions are found at higher levels in pathogens compared to non-pathogens, and hierarchical clustering of the fingerprints can distinguish between these two groups. The methodology presented here defines the hazardous functions associated with bioengineering functional building blocks at the sequence level, which provide a foundational framework for classifying biological hazards at the organism level, thus leading to the improvement and standardization of current biosecurity and biosafety practices.
Collapse
|