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Cui Y, Okyere SK, Guan H, Hua Z, Deng Y, Deng H, Deng J. Ablation of Gut Microbiota Alleviates DON-Induced Neurobehavioral Abnormalities and Brain Damage in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2025; 17:144. [PMID: 40137917 PMCID: PMC11946315 DOI: 10.3390/toxins17030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Revised: 02/20/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxynivalenol (DON) poses a threat to animal and human health, particularly causing damage to the nervous system. Intestinal flora can regulate the nervous system through the gut-brain axis; however, there is currently a lack of evidence on the effect of changing the intestinal flora on the damage to the nervous system caused by DON. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of gut microbiota ablation on neurotoxicity induced by exposure to deoxynivalenol. METHODS One hundred-twenty (120) specific pathogen-free (SPF) male C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into four groups (control group, microbiota-uncleaned group + 5 mg/kg/BW DON, microbiota-cleared group, and microbiota-cleared group + 5 mg/kg/BW DON). The open field and Morris behavior tests were used to evaluate behavior changes after DON exposure. After 14 days of treatment, the mice were euthanized and brain tissues were collected for further analysis. RESULTS The tests showed that DON exposure led to anxiety and decreased learning ability in mice with no gut microbiota ablation. We also observed pathological changes including neuronal shrinkage, degeneration, and cortical edema in the mice with no microbiota ablation after DON exposure. In addition, the protein and mRNA levels of tight junction proteins and anti-inflammatory factors were decreased in the mice with no microbiota ablation after DON exposure compared with mice with ablated microbiota. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the presence of microbiota plays a key role in the neurotoxicity induced by DON; thus, ablation of the intestinal microbiota can effectively improve brain damage caused by DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Samuel Kumi Okyere
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Haoyue Guan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Zixuan Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Youtian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Huidan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.C.); (S.K.O.); (H.G.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
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Guan H, Cui Y, Hua Z, Deng Y, Deng H, Deng J. Disorders of Iron Metabolism: A "Sharp Edge" of Deoxynivalenol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Metabolites 2025; 15:165. [PMID: 40137129 PMCID: PMC11943501 DOI: 10.3390/metabo15030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2025] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Deoxynivalenol (DON), known as vomitoxin, is one of the most common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium graminearum, with high detection rates in feed worldwide. Ferroptosis is a novel mode of cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Although it has been demonstrated that DON can induce ferroptosis in the liver, the specific mechanisms and pathways are still unknown. The aim of this experiment was to investigate that DON can induce iron metabolism disorders in the livers of mice, thereby triggering ferroptosis and causing toxic damage to the liver. METHODS Male C57 mice were treated with DON at a 5 mg/kg BW concentration as an in vivo model. After sampling, organ coefficient monitoring, liver function test, histopathological analysis, liver Fe2+ content test, and oxidative stress-related indexes were performed. The mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes were also detected using a series of methods including quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence double-labeling, and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS DON can cause damage to the liver of a mouse. Specifically, we found that mouse livers in the DON group exhibited pathological damage in cell necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, elevated relative liver weight, and significant changes in liver function indexes. Meanwhile, the substantial reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the DON group indicated that DON also caused oxidative stress in the liver. Notably, DON exposure increased the levels of Fe2+ and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, which provides strong evidence for the occurrence of iron metabolism and ferroptosis disorders. Most importantly, mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, an important pathway for iron metabolism and ferroptosis, along with its downstream genes, heme oxygenase (HO-1), quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), and solute carrier gene (SLC7a11), were significantly inhibited in the DON group. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, the Nrf2 pathway is closely associated with DON-induced iron metabolism disorders and ferroptosis in mouse livers, suggesting that maintaining hepatic iron homeostasis and activating the Nrf2 pathway may be a potential target for mitigating DON hepatotoxicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.G.); (Y.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.D.); (H.D.)
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Qin X, Li X, Guo J, Zhou M, Xu Q, Lv Q, Zhu H, Xiao K, Liu Y, Chen S. Necroptosis contributes to deoxynivalenol-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in a piglet model. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113541. [PMID: 39541842 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is highly prevalent in cereals as an immune stressor. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated during periods of stress, and the organism is accompanied by inflammation. Necroptosis is a newly identified type of cell death. However, the relationship between necroptosis and HPA axis activation induced by DON is rarely reported. Our study aimed to explore the role played by necroptosis in HPA activation in a stress of piglet model produced by DON. Our results indicated that both feeding with a contaminated-DON diet (4 ppm) and DON injection at 0.8 mg/kg BW increased the concentration of plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and the mRNA expression of adrenal steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors related to necroptosis in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland were increased. As an inhibitor of necroptosis, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) inhibited necroptosis through decreasing mRNA expression of necroptosis signal factors in the HPA axis. Nec-1 also reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the HPA axis. Meanwhile, the activation of the HPA axis was inhibited by Nec-1 as shown by the decrease of plasma CRH and ACTH concentrations and the mRNA expressions of hypothalamus CRH and pituitary POMC. These findings indicated that as a result of necroptosis, the HPA axis was activated by DON. In light of these findings, necroptosis could be considered as an intervention target that alleviates HPA axis activation and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Mohan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qilong Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Huybrechts I, Jacobs I, Biessy C, Aglago EK, Jenab M, Claeys L, Zavadil J, Casagrande C, Nicolas G, Scelo G, Altieri A, Fervers B, Oswald IP, Vignard J, Chimera B, de Magistris MS, Masala G, Palli D, Padroni L, Castilla J, Jiménez-Zabala A, Frenoy P, Mancini FR, Ren X, Sonestedt E, Vineis P, Heath A, Werner M, Molina-Montes E, Dahm CC, Langmann F, Huerta JM, Brustad M, Skeie G, Schulze MB, Agudo A, Sieri S, Korenjak M, Gunter MJ, De Saeger S, De Boevre M. Associations between dietary mycotoxins exposures and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a European cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0315561. [PMID: 39680546 PMCID: PMC11649147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0315561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/27/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins have been hypothesized to contribute to a diversity of adverse health effects in humans, even at low concentrations. Certain mycotoxins are established human carcinogens, whereas for others research suggests potential carcinogenic effects. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary exposure to mycotoxins and hepatobiliary cancers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. EPIC questionnaire data were matched to mycotoxin food occurrence data compiled by the European Food Safety Authority to assess long-term dietary mycotoxin exposure (expressed as μg/kg body weight/day) and then relate them to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 255) and biliary tract cancers (n = 273). Analyses were conducted using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Key food groups contributing to mycotoxin exposure were cereals and cereal-based products, vegetables, non-alcoholic beverages (including fruit juices) and fruits. Estimated intake of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its derivatives was positively associated with HCC risk (HRT3vsT1: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.18-3.05, p-trend <0.01). No statistically significant associations were found for the other mycotoxins. Further research to confirm our observations and investigate potential underlying mechanisms of these compounds is warranted. These data may provide evidence of HCC risks associated with higher dietary intake levels of DON, which has not yet been classified as a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
- CRIG, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inarie Jacobs
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Carine Biessy
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Elom K. Aglago
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Liesel Claeys
- CRIG, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Casagrande
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Genevieve Nicolas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Ghislaine Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle P. Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Vignard
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernadette Chimera
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Padroni
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra–IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Jiménez-Zabala
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
- BioGipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- UVSQ, Inserm "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- UVSQ, Inserm "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Xuan Ren
- UVSQ, Inserm "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer and Health" Team, CESP U1018, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Heath
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mårten Werner
- Department of Public Health and Clinikal Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Esther Molina-Montes
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Campus of Cartuja, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) ‘José Mataix’, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Fie Langmann
- Dept. of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council-IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Public Dental Health Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology ‐ ICO, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute ‐ IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Korenjak
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, Lyon, France
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah De Saeger
- CRIG, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe De Boevre
- CRIG, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Pierron A, Balbo LC, Soler L, Pinton P, Puel S, Laffitte J, Albin M, Bracarense APFRL, Rodriguez MA, Oswald IP. Deoxynivalenol Induces Local Inflammation and Lesions in Tissues at Doses Recommended by the EU. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9790. [PMID: 39337277 PMCID: PMC11432646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is frequently present in cereals at low levels, resulting in its occurrence in food and feed. DON has been proven to alter the immune response and induce inflammation in all species, with pigs exhibiting heightened sensitivity and exposure. However, no study has yet evaluated the effects of exposure to DON at the recommended levels in pig feed. In two separate trials, piglets were subjected to control feed or feed contaminated with a low level of purified DON (0.83 mg/kg feed in trial 1 and 0.85 mg/kg feed in trial 2) for either three weeks (trial 1) or two weeks (trial 2). Additionally, a group of animals exposed to 2.85 mg/kg feed of DON was included as a positive control in Trial 1. The impact of DON on porcine tissues (intestine, liver, and spleen) was evaluated through histological and qPCR analyses of immune-related genes. Additionally, biochemical analyses and acute-phase proteins were examined in plasma samples. Lesions were identified in the intestine (jejunum and ileum), the liver, and the spleen of pigs receiving diets contaminated with low and high concentrations of DON. The low level of DON also resulted in impaired expression of genes associated with intestinal barrier integrity, intestinal immune responses, and liver function. In conclusion, the results of the two trials demonstrate the impact of DON exposure even at doses below the recommended level of 0.9 mg/kg feed set by the European Union. This suggests that the current recommended level should be reconsidered to ensure the optimal health and well-being of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Pierron
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Luciana C. Balbo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (L.C.B.); (A.-P.F.R.L.B.)
| | - Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Sylvie Puel
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Joëlle Laffitte
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Mickaël Albin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
| | | | | | - Isabelle P. Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (A.P.); (L.S.); (P.P.); (S.P.); (J.L.); (M.A.)
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Ma Z, He Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Fang M, Yang Q, Gong Z, Xu L. Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Its Acetylated Derivatives on Lipid Metabolism in Human Normal Hepatocytes. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 39057934 PMCID: PMC11281666 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) belong to type B trichothecenes that are widely detected in agricultural products as one of the most common classes of mycotoxins. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the alteration of lipid metabolism in normal human hepatocytes by poisoning with DON and its acetylated derivatives. After verifying the hepatotoxicity of the three toxins, DON, 15-ADON, and 3-ADON, the mRNA expression was determined by transcriptomics, and the results showed that DON and 15-ADON had a significant regulatory effect on the transcriptome, in which glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and phospholipase D signaling pathways have not been reported in studies of DON and its acetylated derivatives. For further validation, we explored lipid metabolism in depth and found that PC (15:0/16:0), PC (16:1/18:3), PC (18:1/22:6), PC (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/16:1), PC (16:1/18:1), PC (14:0/18:2), PE (14:0/16:0) and PE (18:1/18:3) were downregulated for all nine lipids. Combined with the transcriptome results, we found that hepatic steatosis induced by the three toxins, DON, 15-ADON and 3-ADON, was associated with altered expression of genes related to lipid oxidation, lipogenesis and lipolysis, and their effects on lipid metabolism in L-02 cells were mainly realized through the PC-PE cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Ma
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuyun He
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-Derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Min Fang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Food Scienceand Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan 430023, China
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7
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Chen H, Xin W, Jiang J, Shan A, Ma J. Low-dose deoxynivalenol exposure inhibits hepatic mitophagy and hesperidin reverses this phenomenon by activating SIRT1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133854. [PMID: 38401214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is by far the most common mycotoxin contaminating cereal foods and feeds. Furthermore, cleaning up DON from contaminated cereal items is challenging. Low-dose DON consumption poses a danger to humans and agricultural animals. The benefits of hesperidin (HDN) include liver protection, anti-oxidative stress, nontoxicity, and a broad range of sources. The study used immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy to identify factors associated with mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that low-dose DON exposure inhibited mitophagy in the liver tissue of mice. SIRT1 was a crucial regulator of mitophagy. Moreover, DON stimulated the dephosphorylation of SIRT1 and the acetylation-regulated FOXO3 protein, which resulted in the transcriptional inhibition of FOXO3-driven BNIP3 and compromised the stability of the PINK1 protein mediated by BNIP3. Moreover, HDN's effect was comparable to that of a SIRT1 agonist, which led to a significant decrease in the level of mitophagy inhibition caused by low-dose DON exposure. When combined, these findings suggested that HDN might be a useful treatment approach for liver damage brought on by low-dose DON exposure. Above all, this research will offer fresh perspectives on a viable approach that will encourage further research into risk reduction initiatives for low-dose DON exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wang Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Junze Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Anshan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Jiang J, Ruan Y, Liu X, Ma J, Chen H. Ferritinophagy Is Critical for Deoxynivalenol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6660-6671. [PMID: 38501926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination, pervasive throughout all stages of food production and processing, presents a significant threat to human health. The degradation of ferritin mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), termed ferritinophagy, plays a crucial role in maintaining iron homeostasis and regulating ferroptosis. Aim: This study aims to elucidate the role of ferritinophagy and ferroptosis in DON-induced liver injury. Methods: Male mice and AML12 cells were subjected to varying doses of DON, serving as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively. Protein expression was assessed by using immunofluorescence and western blot techniques. Co-immunoprecipitation was employed to investigate the protein-protein interactions. Results: Our findings demonstrate that DON triggers hepatocyte ferroptosis in a ferritinophagy-dependent manner. Specifically, DON impedes the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by inhibiting RAC1's binding to mTOR, thereby ultimately inducing autophagy. Concurrently, DON amplifies NCOA4's affinity for ferritin by facilitating NCOA4 phosphorylation through the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), thus promoting the autophagy-dependent degradation of ferritin. Both autophagy inhibition and NCOA4 expression suppression ameliorate DON-induced ferroptosis. Conclusion: Our study concludes that DON facilitates NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy via the ATM-NCOA4 pathway, subsequently inducing ferroptosis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yongbao Ruan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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9
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Djouina M, Waxin C, Caboche S, Lecointe K, Steimle A, Beury D, Desai MS, Hot D, Dubuquoy L, Launay D, Vignal C, Body-Malapel M. Low dose dietary contamination with deoxynivalenol mycotoxin exacerbates enteritis and colorectal cancer in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165722. [PMID: 37482350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of grain and cereal products worldwide. Exposure to DON can cause gastrointestinal inflammation, disturb gut barrier function, and induce gut dysbiosis in vivo under basal conditions, but little is known about the effects of DON ingestion in individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease. OBJECTIVES Mice were orally exposed to 10 and 100 μg/kg bw/day of DON, corresponding to 10 to 100-fold human tolerable daily intake concentrations, and to the translation in mice of current human daily intake. The effects of DON exposure were explored under steady-state conditions, and in murine models of enteritis and colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS After 8 days of DON exposure, an increase of histomorphological and molecular parameters of epithelial proliferation were observed in normal mice, from the duodenum to the colon. The same exposure in a murine model of indomethacin-induced enteritis led to exacerbation of lesion development and induction of ileal cytokines. DON exposure also worsened the development of colitis-associated CRC in mice as shown by increases in endoscopic and histological colitis scores, tumor grades, and histological hyperplasia. In colon of DON-exposed mice, upstream and downstream ERK signaling genes were upregulated including Mapk1, Mapk3, Map 2k1, Map2k2 core ERK pathway effectors, and Bcl2 and Bcl2l1 antiapoptotic genes. The effects observed in the CRC model were associated with alterations in cecal microbiota taxonomic composition and metabolism of bacterial fucose and rhamnose. Strong Spearman's correlations were revealed between the relative abundance of the changed bacterial genera and CRC-related variables. DISCUSSION Ingestion of DON mycotoxin at concentrations representative of human real-world exposure worsened the development of indomethacin-induced enteritis and colitis-associated CRC in mice. Our results suggest that even at low doses, which are currently tolerated in the human diet, DON could promote the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Lecointe
- Inserm U1285, Univ. Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexander Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Delphine Beury
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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10
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Chen X, Ma J, Chen H. Induction of autophagy via the ROS-dependent AMPK/mTOR pathway protects deoxynivalenol exposure grass carp hepatocytes damage. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108687. [PMID: 36921881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most frequently found mycotoxin sources in feed and raw food products, endangering human and animal health. The mechanism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) liver cell (L8824) toxicity induced by DON is still unknown. The DON was administered to the L8824 cells in concentrations of 150, 200, and 250 ng/mL for 24 h. The results of this study suggested that DON could enable L8824 cells to significantly increase the levels of autophagy. Concurrently, DON could trigger autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway, which upregulated the expression of p-AMPK and p-ULK1 while downregulating the expression of p-mTOR. In the meantime, DON treatment could alter the levels of expression of the related proteins in autophagy. Additionally, DON treatment dramatically reduced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes as well as increased the levels of oxidase, which increased the production of ROS in L8824 cells. This indicates that DON could induce oxidative stress. Furthermore, we discovered that DON exposure caused apoptosis, which is characterized by elevated levels of BAX, Caspase 9, Caspase 3, and decreased Bcl-2 levels. Next, it was investigated how oxidative stress affected DON-induced autophagy. The research revealed that the oxidative stress inhibitor (NAC) attenuated DON-induced autophagy. Additionally, the study also investigated how autophagy worked under the L8824 cells induced by DON. The ROS production, however, was enhanced by the addition of the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA). Additionally, co-treatment with the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK had no influence on autophagy. The combined findings showed that induction of autophagy via the ROS-dependent AMPK-mTOR pathway protects DON-induced L8824 cells from damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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11
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Mao X, Zhang P, Du H, Ge L, Liu S, Huang K, Chen X. The combined effect of deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 on small intestinal inflammation mediated by pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2023; 372:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Qu J, Zhang S, He W, Liu S, Mao X, Yin L, Yue D, Zhang P, Huang K, Chen X. Crucial Function of Caveolin-1 in Deoxynivalenol-Induced Enterotoxicity by Activating ROS-Dependent NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12968-12981. [PMID: 36166599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most pervasive contaminating mycotoxins in grain, and exposure to DON is known to cause acute and chronic intestinal damage. As the gut is the most important target organ of DON, it is essential to identify the pivotal molecules involved in DON-induced enterotoxicity as well as the potential regulatory mechanisms. In the present study, we found that DON treatment dramatically decreased the jejunal villus height and increased the crypt depth in mice. DON exposure induced oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation while increasing the levels of pyroptosis-related factors GSDMD, ASC, Caspase-1 P20, and IL-1β and inflammatory cytokines IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6. In vitro, 0.5-2 μM DON caused cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, as well as NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, DON treatment substantially improved the expression of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, Cav-1 knockdown effectively attenuated DON-induced oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Meanwhile, treatment with the antioxidant NAC significantly alleviated DON-induced cytotoxicity and pyroptosis in IPEC-J2 cells. Likewise, after inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with the inhibitor MCC950, DON-induced cytotoxicity, pyroptosis, and inflammatory response were attenuated. However, NLRP3 inhibition did not affect Cav-1 expression. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that pyroptosis may be an underlying mechanism in DON-induced intestinal injury, and Cav-1 plays a pivotal role in DON-induced pyroptosis via regulating oxidative stress, which suggests a novel strategy to overcome DON-induced enterotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Wenmiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Liuwen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Dongmei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
- Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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13
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Possible Toxic Mechanisms of Deoxynivalenol (DON) Exposure to Intestinal Barrier Damage and Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota in Laying Hens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100682. [PMID: 36287951 PMCID: PMC9609298 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol is one the of most common mycotoxins in cereals and grains and causes a serious health threat to poultry and farm animals. Our previous study found that DON decreased the production performance of laying hens. It has been reported that DON could exert significant toxic effects on the intestinal barrier and microbiota. However, whether the decline of laying performance is related to intestinal barrier damage, and the underlying mechanisms of DON induced intestine function injury remain largely unclear in laying hens. In this study, 80 Hy-line brown laying hens at 26 weeks were randomly divided into 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg.bw (body weight) DON daily for 6 weeks. The morphology of the duodenum, the expression of inflammation factors and tight junction proteins, and the diversity and abundance of microbiota were analyzed in different levels of DON treated to laying hens. The results demonstrated that the mucosal detachment and reduction of the villi number were presented in different DON treated groups with a dose-effect manner. Additionally, the genes expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 were increased or decreased at 5 and 10 mg/kg.bw DON groups, respectively. The levels of ZO-1 and claudin-1 expression were significantly decreased in 5 and 10 mg/kg.bw DON groups. Moreover, the alpha diversity including Chao, ACE and Shannon indices were all reduced in DON treated groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetes were decreased and increased in 10 mg/kg.bw DON group, respectively. At the genus levels, the relative abundance of Clostridium and Lactobacillus in 5 and 10 mg/kg.bw DON groups, and Alkanindiges and Spirochaeta in the 10 mg/kg.bw DON were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. Moreover, there were significant correlation between the expression of tight junction proteins and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Succinispira. These results indicated that DON exposure to the laying hens can induce the inflammation and disrupt intestinal tight junctions, suggesting that DON can directly damage barrier function, which may be closely related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota.
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14
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Liu S, Kang W, Mao X, Du H, Ge L, Hou L, Yuan X, Wang M, Chen X, Liu Y, Huang K. Low dose of arsenic exacerbates toxicity to mice and IPEC-J2 cells exposed with deoxynivalenol: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and autophagy might be novel therapeutic targets. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155027. [PMID: 35381244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and arsenic (As) are widespread environmental contaminants, which are frequently found in human and animal food products. The intestine is a common target of As and DON when they are digested. Numerous studies mainly evaluate the individual effects whereas their combined toxicity has rarely been elucidated. Hence, this study was to assess the effect of low dose of NaAsO2 on DON-induced intestinal damage and explore the underling mechanism in mice and IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that low dose of NaAsO2 exacerbated DON-induced intestinal impairment by increasing intestinal permeability and decreasing the abundance of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1). Further, low dose of NaAsO2 enhanced the AhR signaling pathway and autophagy-related mRNA/protein expressions induced by DON. Interestingly, FICZ, an AhR activator, instead of CH223191, an AhR inhibitor, could alleviate toxicity of the low dose of NaAsO2 in the mice and IPEC-J2 cells. Compared to the WT IPEC-J2 cells, the intestinal barrier damage was more serious in LC3B-/- IPEC-J2 cells induced by low dose of NaAsO2 combination with DON. Collectively, our study demonstrated that low dose of NaAsO2 exacerbated DON-induced intestinal barrier impairment in vivo and in vitro. The present study also demonstrated that activation of AhR-mediated autophagy might be a self-protection mechanism. Hence, AhR and autophagy might be novel therapeutic targets to prevent or alleviate NaAsO2 combined with DON-induced intestinal barrier impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Weili Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xinru Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China.
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15
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Malvandi AM, Shahba S, Mehrzad J, Lombardi G. Metabolic Disruption by Naturally Occurring Mycotoxins in Circulation: A Focus on Vascular and Bone Homeostasis Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2022; 9:915681. [PMID: 35811967 PMCID: PMC9263741 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.915681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring food/feed contaminants have become a significant global issue due to animal and human health implications. Despite risk assessments and legislation setpoints on the mycotoxins' levels, exposure to lower amounts occurs, and it might affect cell homeostasis. However, the inflammatory consequences of this possible everyday exposure to toxins on the vascular microenvironment and arterial dysfunction are unexplored in detail. Circulation is the most accessible path for food-borne toxins, and the consequent metabolic and immune shifts affect systemic health, both on vascular apparatus and bone homeostasis. Their oxidative nature makes mycotoxins a plausible underlying source of low-level toxicity in the bone marrow microenvironment and arterial dysfunction. Mycotoxins could also influence the function of cardiomyocytes with possible injury to the heart. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins can modulate the metabolic pathways favoring osteoblast dysfunction and bone health losses. This review provides a novel insight into understanding the complex events of coexposure to mixed (low levels) mycotoxicosis and subsequent metabolic/immune disruptions contributing to chronic alterations in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Malvandi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Amir Mohammad Malvandi ; orcid.org/0000-0003-1243-2372
| | - Sara Shahba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Cytochrome P450 enzymes mediated by DNA methylation is involved in deoxynivalenol-induced hepatoxicity in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:269-279. [PMID: 35600548 PMCID: PMC9092380 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an inevitable contaminant in animal feed and can lead to liver damage, then decreasing appetite and causing growth retardation in piglets. Although many molecular mechanisms are related to hepatoxicity caused by DON, few studies have been done on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and DNA methylation. To explore the role of CYP450 enzymes and DNA methylation in DON-induced liver injury, male piglets were fed a control diet, or diet containing 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg DON for 4 weeks. DON significantly raised the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (P < 0.01), leading to liver injury. In vivo study found that DON exposure increased the expression of CYP450 enzymes (such as CYP1A1, CYP2E1, CYP3A29) (P < 0.05), and disturbed the expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), galanin-like peptide (GALP) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) (P < 0.05), in which DNA methylation affected the expression of these genes. In vitro study (human normal hepatocytes L02) further proved that DON elevated the expression of CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 (P < 0.05), and inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in cell necrosis. More importantly, knockdown of CYP1A1 or CYP2E1 could alleviate DON-induced growth inhibition by promoting IGF-1 expression. Taken together, increased CYP450 enzymes expression was one of the mechanisms of hepatoxicity and growth inhibition induced by DON, suggesting that the decrease of CYP450 enzymes can antagonize the hepatoxicity in animals, which provides some value for animal feed safety.
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Fæste CK, Solhaug A, Gaborit M, Pierre F, Massotte D. Neurotoxic Potential of Deoxynivalenol in Murine Brain Cell Lines and Primary Hippocampal Cultures. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:48. [PMID: 35051025 PMCID: PMC8778863 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) from grain-based food and feed affects human and animal health. Known consequences include entereopathogenic and immunotoxic defects; however, the neurotoxic potential of DON has only come into focus more recently due to the observation of behavioural disorders in exposed farm animals. DON can cross the blood-brain barrier and interfere with the homeostasis/functioning of the nervous system, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain elusive. Here, we have investigated the impact of DON on mouse astrocyte and microglia cell lines, as well as on primary hippocampal cultures by analysing different toxicological endpoints. We found that DON has an impact on the viability of both glial cell types, as shown by a significant decrease of metabolic activity, and a notable cytotoxic effect, which was stronger in the microglia. In astrocytes, DON caused a G1 phase arrest in the cell cycle and a decrease of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α was secreted in the microglia in response to DON exposure. Furthermore, the intermediate filaments of the astrocytic cytoskeleton were disturbed in primary hippocampal cultures, and the dendrite lengths of neurons were shortened. The combined results indicated DON's considerable potential to interfere with the brain cell physiology, which helps explain the observed in vivo neurotoxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Solhaug
- Toxinology Research Group, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Marion Gaborit
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Florian Pierre
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
| | - Dominique Massotte
- Centre de la Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (M.G.); (F.P.)
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Meng Z, Wang L, Liao Y, Peng Z, Li D, Zhou X, Liu S, Li Y, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Hao L, Yang W. The Protective Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on Liver Injury Caused by DON-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:732. [PMID: 34679025 PMCID: PMC8541417 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a kind of Fusarium toxin that can cause a variety of toxic effects. Oxidative stress and DNA damage play a critical role in the toxicity of DON. However, previous studies focused more on acute toxicity in vivo/vitro models and lacked subchronic toxicity study in vivo. The potentially harmful effect of DON given at doses comparable to the daily human consumption in target organs, especially the liver, which is the main detoxification organ of DON, is also still not fully understood. Otherwise, Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has also reduced cell damage under the DON condition according to our previous study. Therefore, we used a rodent model that mimicked daily human exposure to DON and further explored its mechanism of toxic effects on liver tissue and Hepa 1-6 cell line. We also used adeno-associated virus (AAV)-modified HO-1 expressing by tail vein injection and constructed lentivirus-Hepa 1-6 cell line for mimicking HO-1 protective ability under the DON condition. The main results showed that both 30 d and 90 d exposures of DON could cause low-grade inflammatory infiltration around hepatic centrilobular veins. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) increased during DON exposure, indicating oxidation stress and DNA damage. Significantly, AAV-mediated liver-specific overexpression of HO-1 reduced DON-induced liver damage and indirectly protected the abilities of antioxidant enzyme/DNA damage repair system, while AAV-mediated silence of HO-1 produced the opposite effect. In addition, we found that overexpression of HO-1 could enhance autophagy and combined it with an antioxidant enzyme/DNA damage repair system to inhibit DON-induced hepatocyte damage. Altogether, these data suggest that HO-1 reduces the oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by DON sub-chronic exposure through maintaining DNA repair, antioxidant activity, as well as autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 North Zhuodaoquan Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanmei Li
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 North Zhuodaoquan Road, Wuhan 430079, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Andreas K. Nüssler
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 North Zhuodaoquan Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.M.); (L.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.P.); (D.L.); (X.Z.); (L.L.); (L.H.)
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan 430030, China
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Deoxynivalenol exposure induces liver damage in mice: Inflammation and immune responses, oxidative stress, and protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112514. [PMID: 34400200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common environmental pollutants, substantially affects human and animal health. Much attention has been paid to the ability of probiotics to modulate inflammation and immune responses. In this work, the toxic effects of DON on the liver and the protective effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were investigated. We treated mice with oral gavage of DON (2.4 mg/kg bw/day), LGG (1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day) or both for 28 days. The results showed that DON triggered liver inflammation, reflected by pathological changes and liver function damage but LGG oral administration significantly attenuated these changes. Notably, DON treatment activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway which contribute to produce inflammatory cytokines, but oral administration of LGG inhibited all the effects of DON. DON treatment can also induce oxidative stress and activate Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, leading to the activation of Nrf2 and the downstream genes, while LGG treatment can improve the antioxidant capacity of liver and protected mice from DON injury. In conclusion, LGG was able to negate the detrimental effects of DON on the liver and may contribute as a potential dietary intervention strategy to reduce mycotoxicity.
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Payros D, Garofalo M, Pierron A, Soler-Vasco L, Al-Ayoubi C, Maruo VM, Alassane-Kpembi I, Pinton P, Oswald IP. Les mycotoxines en alimentation humaine : un défi pour la recherche. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Liu A, Hu S, Wu Q, Ares I, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Wang X, Martínez MA. Epigenetic upregulation of galanin-like peptide mediates deoxynivalenol induced-growth inhibition in pituitary cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 403:115166. [PMID: 32738333 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an unavoidable contaminant in human food, animal feeds, and agricultural products. Growth retardation in children caused by extensive DON pollution has become a global problem that cannot be ignored. Previous studies have shown that DON causes stunting in children through intestinal dysfunction, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis disorder and peptide YY (PYY). Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is an important growth regulator, but its role in DON-induced growth retardation is unclear. In this study, we report the important role of GALP during DON-induced growth inhibition in the rat pituitary tumour cell line GH3. DON was found to increase the expression of GALP through hypomethylationin the promoter region of the GALP gene and upregulate the expression of proinflammatory factors, while downregulate the expression of growth hormone (GH). Furthermore, GALP overexpression promoted proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-11 and IL-6, and further reduced cell viability and cell proliferation, while the inhibitory effect of GALP was the opposite. The expression of GALP and insulin like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit (IGFALS) showed the opposite trend, which was the potential reason for the regulation of cell proliferation by GALP. In addition, GALP has anti-apoptotic effects, which could not eliminate the inflammatory damage of cells, thus aggravating cell growth inhibition. The present findings provide new mechanistic insights into the toxicity of DON-induced growth retardation and suggest a therapeutic potential of GALP in DON-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Siyi Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Liao Y, Peng Z, Wang L, Li D, Yue J, Liu J, Liang C, Liu S, Yan H, Nüssler AK, Rong S, Liu L, Hao L, Yang W. Long noncoding RNA Gm20319, acting as competing endogenous RNA, regulated GNE expression by sponging miR-7240-5p to involve in deoxynivalenol-induced liver damage in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111435. [PMID: 32439590 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory effects of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network have been highlighted on the occurrence and development of diseases. However, the effect of ceRNA network in liver with subchronic deoxynivalenol (DON) exposure has remained unclear so far. Here, lncRNA Gm20319-miR-7240-5p-GNE (glucosamine UDP-N-acetyl-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase) network was identified in DON exposed-liver tissues after DON exposure for 90 days. Subchronic DON exposure induced the mild inflammation in liver tissues. In DON-treated liver tissues and Hepa 1-6 cell line, the expression of Gm20319 and GNE were both downregulated while miR-7240-5p expression was upregulated. The gain- and loss-of-function expression in vitro revealed there was a mutual repression between Gm20319 and miR-7240-5p, and they regulated GNE expression in an opposite direction. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed miR-7240-5p inhibited Gm20319 and GNE expression by directly binding. Co-transfection experiment in vitro revealed Gm20319 and miR-7240-5p could indirectly regulate sialic acid level by directly modulating GNE expression, thereby also influencing the expression of SOD1 and IL-1β. This study revealed Gm20319-miR-7240-5p-GNE network reduced sialic acid level to influence the expression of SOD1 and IL-1β in liver, which might involve in liver damage induced by DON. Gm20319 might be a potential research molecular target for DON-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhong Yue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohan Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 North Zhuodaoquan Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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Isolation and Characterization of a Deoxynivalenol-Degrading Bacterium Bacillus licheniformis YB9 with the Capability of Modulating Intestinal Microbial Flora of Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030184. [PMID: 32183451 PMCID: PMC7150942 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent food- and feed-associated mycotoxins. It frequently contaminates agricultural commodities and poses serious threats to human and animal health and leads to tremendous economic losses globally. Much attention has been paid to using microorganisms to detoxify DON. In this study, a Bacillus licheniformis strain named YB9 with a strong ability to detoxify DON was isolated and characterized from a moldy soil sample. YB9 could degrade more than 82.67% of 1 mg/L DON within 48 h at 37 °C and showed strong survival and DON degradation rate at simulated gastric fluid. The effects of YB9 on mice with DON intragastrical administration were further investigated by biochemical and histopathological examination and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing technology. The results showed that DON increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine (Cr), decreased those of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM in serum, and resulted in severe pathological damage of the liver, kidney, and spleen. By contrast, YB9 supplementation obviously inhibited or attenuated the damages caused by DON in mice. In addition, YB9 addition repaired the DON-induced dysbiosis of intestinal flora, characterized by recovering the balance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes to the normal level and decreasing the abundance of the potentially harmful bacterium Turicibacter and the excessive Lactobacillus caused by DON. Taken together, DON-degrading strain YB9 might be used as potential probiotic additive for improving food and feed safety and modulating the intestinal microbial flora of humans and animals.
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Peng Z, Liao Y, Wang X, Chen L, Wang L, Qin C, Wang Z, Cai M, Hu J, Li D, Yao P, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Heme oxygenase-1 regulates autophagy through carbon-oxygen to alleviate deoxynivalenol-induced hepatic damage. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:573-588. [PMID: 31848666 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) cannot be totally removed due to its stable chemical characteristics and chronic exposure to low doses of DON causes significant toxic effects in humans and animals. However, the potential hazard of such low-dose exposure in target organs still remains not completely understood, especially in liver, which is mainly responsible for detoxification of DON. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that estimated human daily DON exposure (25 μg/kg bw) for 30 and 90 days caused low-grade inflammatory infiltration around hepatic centrilobular veins, elevated systemic IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and impaired liver function evidenced by increased serum ALT activity. At the molecular level, expressions of autophagy-related proteins as well as Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-7 were upregulated during DON exposure, which indicated the activation of autophagy and apoptosis. Importantly, AAV-mediated liver-specific overexpression of HO-1 reversed DON-induced liver damages, upregulated autophagy and attenuated apoptosis in liver, while AAV-mediated HO-1 silence aggravated DON-induced liver damages, inhibited autophagy and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that lentivirus-mediated HO-1 overexpression in Hepa 1-6 cells prolonged the duration of autophagy and delayed the onset of apoptosis. HO-1 silence in Hepa 1-6 cells inhibited activation of autophagy and accelerated occurrence of apoptosis, and these could be recovered by CO pre-treatment. Therefore, we suppose that HO-1 might be a potential research target to protect human and animal from liver injuries induced by low dose of DON exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhenting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengyao Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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25
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Peng Z, Liao Y, Chen L, Liu S, Shan Z, Nüssler AK, Yao P, Yan H, Liu L, Yang W. Heme oxygenase-1 attenuates low-dose of deoxynivalenol-induced liver inflammation potentially associating with microbiota. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 374:20-31. [PMID: 31034930 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins which contaminate cereals and their by-products worldwide. Previous studies have stated toxic effects of DON on liver. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a potential role in protecting liver and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. Therefore, a study on the potential and basic interaction between DON, HO-1 and intestinal flora would be helpful for better understanding DON-induced hepatotoxicity. In the present study, male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to 25 μg/kg bw/day DON for 30 days. Compared with control group, liver lymphocytes accumulation and elevated ALT activity were observed in DON group, however, AST activity was not notably changed. Several genera, including Parabacteroides and Enterobacter, were significantly increased after DON administration while Lactobacillus, Odoribacter and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were mostly reduced. The top distinct microbial pathways predicted by PICRUSt included signal transduction, metabolism and genetic information processing. Importantly, liver-specific knockdown of HO-1 caused more severe pathological alterations in liver after DON administration and overexpression of HO-1 protected against DON-induced liver inflammation. The gut microbiota and related microbial pathways were changed in different ways after gene-editing. In conclusion, low dose of DON triggered low-grade inflammation in liver and changes in gut microbiota. HO-1 could attenuate DON-induced inflammation in liver, where gut microbiota may play an important role. HO-1 also could be a potential protective factor between homeostasis of gut microbiota and DON-induced hepatotoxicity in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 North Zhuodaoquan Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhilei Shan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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26
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Behavioural and metabolomic changes from chronic dietary exposure to low-level deoxynivalenol reveal impact on mouse well-being. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2087-2102. [PMID: 31065730 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) has a high global prevalence in grain-based products. Biomarkers of exposure are detectable in most humans and farm animals. Considering the acute emetic and chronic anorexigenic toxicity of DON, maximum levels for food and feed have been implemented by food authorities. The tolerable daily intake (TDI) is 1 µg/kg body weight (bw)/day for the sum of DON and its main derivatives, which was based on the no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 100 µg DON/kg bw/day for anorexic effects in rodents. Chronic exposure to a low-DON dose can, however, also cause inflammation and imbalanced neurotransmitter levels. In the present study, we therefore investigated the impact of a 2-week exposure at the NOAEL in mice by performing behavioural experiments, monitoring brain activation by c-Fos expression, and analysing changes in the metabolomes of brain and serum. We found that DON affected neuronal activity and innate behaviour in both male and female mice. Metabolite profiles were differentiable between control and treated mice. The behavioural changes evidenced at NOAEL reduce the safety margin to the established TDI and may be indicative of a risk for human health.
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27
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Wang L, Liao Y, Peng Z, Chen L, Zhang W, Nüssler AK, Shi S, Liu L, Yang W. Food raw materials and food production occurrences of deoxynivalenol in different regions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019; 83:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Qu R, Jiang C, Wu W, Pang B, Lei S, Lian Z, Shao D, Jin M, Shi J. Conversion of DON to 3-epi-DON in vitro and toxicity reduction of DON in vivo by Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Food Funct 2019; 10:2785-2796. [PMID: 31049545 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus can convert DON to 3-epi-DON in vitro and reduce DON toxicity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qu
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Wanqin Wu
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Bing Pang
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Shuzhen Lei
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Ziyang Lian
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Junling Shi
- School of Life Sciences
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 127 Youyi West Road
- Xi'an
- China
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29
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Rong X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Wang D, Jiang Y, Li F, Chen Y, Zhao S, Li D. The Significance of Regulatory MicroRNAs: Their Roles in Toxicodynamics of Mycotoxins and in the Protection Offered by Dietary Therapeutics Against Mycotoxin-Induced Toxicity. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:48-66. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Rong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; The Univ. of Auckland; Private Bag Auckland 92019 New Zealand
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
- Shandong Inst. of Pomology; Taian Shandong 271000 P. R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Yilun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety of Shandong Province; Jinan Shandong 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes; the College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Univ.; Taian Shandong 271018 P. R. China
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Vignal C, Djouina M, Pichavant M, Caboche S, Waxin C, Beury D, Hot D, Gower-Rousseau C, Body-Malapel M. Chronic ingestion of deoxynivalenol at human dietary levels impairs intestinal homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2327-2338. [PMID: 29804187 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of cereals and their by-products in areas with a moderate climate. Produced by Fusarium species, it is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in cereal crops worldwide, and the most frequently occurring type B trichothecene in Europe. Due to its toxic properties, high stability and prevalence, the presence of DON in the food chain could represent a major public health risk. However, despite its well-known acute toxicological effects, information on the adverse effects of realistic exposure remains limited. We orally exposed mice during 9 months to DON at doses relevant for currently estimated human intake and explored the impact on various gut health parameters. DON exposure induced recruitment of regulatory B cells, and activation of regulatory T cells and dendritic cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. Several inflammatory parameters were increased in colon of DON-exposed mice, whereas inversely inflammatory markers were decreased in ileum. Histomorphological impairments were observed from the duodenum to the colon. Both colon and jejunum presented a hyperproliferation of epithelial cells and an increased expression of mature absorptive cells markers. Finally, DON exposure reshaped gut microbial structure and drastically disturbed the abundance of several bacterial phyla, families, and genera, leading to dysbiosis. Chronic oral exposure to human relevant doses of DON induces several disturbances of gut homeostasis with likely pathological implications for susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Pichavant
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Beury
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Corinne Gower-Rousseau
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France.
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31
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Liao Y, Peng Z, Chen L, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Deoxynivalenol, gut microbiota and immunotoxicity: A potential approach? Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 112:342-354. [PMID: 29331731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is the most frequent mycotoxin in grains and grain products. DON contamination in fodder and food is a serious threat for health, since it impairs the immune and gastrointestinal systems of both human and animals. Gut microbiota seems to play a more and more important part in human and animals' health according to related researches. Previous studies implied some associations among gut microbiota, DON and immune system. For example, DON affects immune system as well as the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, and the latter influences immune system as well. In the present short review, we not only provide the available information about the toxic consequences of DON-induced immunotoxicity on different animals and cell lines and discuss its main possible molecule mechanisms, but also summarize research results concerning the role of gut microbiota in DON-induced immunotoxicity and gender differences, with the aim to find some potential therapeutic strategies to tackle DON-induced immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030 Wuhan, China.
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32
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Peng Z, Chen L, Xiao J, Zhou X, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Liu J, Yang W. Review of mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced anorexia: The role of gut microbiota. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1021-1029. [PMID: 28466983 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most important mycotoxins in cereal-based foods or other food productions, produced by Fusarium species. Because of the high occurrence of DON in food combined with vast consumption of cereals and grain worldwide, the DON-contaminated food is a very harmful factor for human and animal health. DON has been reported to induce anorexia at lower or chronic doses in animal models. However, further researches for DON-induced anorexia are limited. Previous publications demonstrated a close link between Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, two kinds of gut microbiota, with weight loss and the effect of low administration of DON on neurotransmitters in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and pons/medulla. These data are similar to other studies, which show selective 5HTα receptor agonists apparently causing hyperphagia whereas 5HT1β agonists appear to induce anorexia. Thus, the neurochemical effects of lower DON exposure can be as a result of peripheral toxicological events such as emesis, which overwhelmed its more subtle feed refusal activity. Besides, changes in the microbiota have an impact on stress-related behaviors like anxiety and depression, which can lead to weight loss through decreased feed intake. Gut dysbiosis is also associated with brain dysfunction and with behavioral changes. These conclusions illustrate as well a potential explanation for DON-induced anorexia.In this review, we summarize information about DON-induced anorexia from previous studies and provide our opinion for future investigations that could establish a link between gut microbiota, neurotransmitters, anorexia and weight loss under the DON exposure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong university of science and technology, Jiefang Road 1277#, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, 24 Jianghan N. Road, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong university of science and technology, Jiefang Road 1277#, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, De Saeger S, Eriksen GS, Farmer P, Fremy JM, Gong YY, Meyer K, Naegeli H, Parent-Massin D, Rietjens I, van Egmond H, Altieri A, Eskola M, Gergelova P, Ramos Bordajandi L, Benkova B, Dörr B, Gkrillas A, Gustavsson N, van Manen M, Edler L. Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04718. [PMID: 32625635 PMCID: PMC7010102 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurring predominantly in cereal grains. Following the request of the European Commission, the CONTAM Panel assessed the risk to animal and human health related to DON, 3-acetyl-DON (3-Ac-DON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-Ac-DON) and DON-3-glucoside in food and feed. A total of 27,537, 13,892, 7,270 and 2,266 analytical data for DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside, respectively, in food, feed and unprocessed grains collected from 2007 to 2014 were used. For human exposure, grains and grain-based products were main sources, whereas in farm and companion animals, cereal grains, cereal by-products and forage maize contributed most. DON is rapidly absorbed, distributed, and excreted. Since 3-Ac-DON and 15-Ac-DON are largely deacetylated and DON-3-glucoside cleaved in the intestines the same toxic effects as DON can be expected. The TDI of 1 μg/kg bw per day, that was established for DON based on reduced body weight gain in mice, was therefore used as a group-TDI for the sum of DON, 3-Ac-DON, 15-Ac-DON and DON-3-glucoside. In order to assess acute human health risk, epidemiological data from mycotoxicoses were assessed and a group-ARfD of 8 μg/kg bw per eating occasion was calculated. Estimates of acute dietary exposures were below this dose and did not raise a health concern in humans. The estimated mean chronic dietary exposure was above the group-TDI in infants, toddlers and other children, and at high exposure also in adolescents and adults, indicating a potential health concern. Based on estimated mean dietary concentrations in ruminants, poultry, rabbits, dogs and cats, most farmed fish species and horses, adverse effects are not expected. At the high dietary concentrations, there is a potential risk for chronic adverse effects in pigs and fish and for acute adverse effects in cats and farmed mink.
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Peng Z, Chen L, Nüssler AK, Liu L, Yang W. Current sights for mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced hepatotoxicity and prospective views for future scientific research: A mini review. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:518-529. [PMID: 27996102 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 03/10/2025]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the group B trichothecenes, which are the most common mycotoxins in cereal commodities. It is very stable within the temperature range 170-350 °C, showing no reduction in its concentration after 30 min at 170 °C. This chemical property is a very dangerous factor for human and animal health. Liver is also responsible for the detoxification and formation of DON-glucuronide in both human and animals. Some studies already demonstrated that DON could induce liver damage remarkably through DON altering expressions of p53, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-8 and Bax in different cell lines. At the same time, other publications illustrated some opposite results. At present, a full and systematic discussion of the hepatic toxicity of DON is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize and update the prominent evidence, regarding DON effects on liver tissues and cell lines. Moreover, based on the current studies we outline some of the identified molecule targets or pathways involved in DON-induced hepatotoxicity, and put forward our opinions and suggest an hypothesis for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nüssler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma center, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, 430030, Wuhan, China
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Co-exposure to low doses of the food contaminants deoxynivalenol and nivalenol has a synergistic inflammatory effect on intestinal explants. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2677-2687. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Effects of chronic deoxynivalenol exposure on p53 heterozygous and p53 homozygous mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dysregulation of energy balance by trichothecene mycotoxins: Mechanisms and prospects. Neurotoxicology 2015; 49:15-27. [PMID: 25956358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecenes are toxic metabolites produced by fungi that constitute a worldwide hazard for agricultural production and both animal and human health. More than 40 countries have introduced regulations or guidelines for food and feed contamination levels of the most prevalent trichothecene, deoxynivalenol (DON), on the basis of its ability to cause growth suppression. With the development of analytical tools, evaluation of food contamination and exposure revealed that a significant proportion of the human population is chronically exposed to DON doses exceeding the provisional maximum tolerable daily dose. Accordingly, a better understanding of trichothecene impact on health is needed. Upon exposure to low or moderate doses, DON and other trichothecenes induce anorexia, vomiting and reduced weight gain. Several recent studies have addressed the mechanisms by which trichothecenes induce these symptoms and revealed a multifaceted action targeting gut, liver and brain and causing dysregulation in neuroendocrine signaling, immune responses, growth hormone axis, and central neurocircuitries involved in energy homeostasis. Newly identified trichothecene toxicosis biomarkers are just beginning to be exploited and already open up new questions on the potential harmful effects of chronic exposure to DON at apparently asymptomatic very low levels. This review summarizes our current understanding of the effects of DON and other trichothecenes on food intake and weight growth.
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