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Cardoso SF, Guesser JVC, Rodrigues AAF, Brazil RP, Rona LDP, Pitaluga AN. Leishmania infantum detection in Nyssomyia neivai and dogs in Southern Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:269. [PMID: 38918858 PMCID: PMC11200822 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sand fly Nyssomyia neivai is one of the most abundant species in Southern Brazil. It is frequently found in areas that are foci of visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Santa Catarina, caused by Leishmania infantum. In this region, the main vector of L. infantum, Lutzomyia longipalpis, has not been detected. In the absence of L. longipalpis, this study aimed to identify the sand fly fauna and diagnose any potential Leishmania spp. infection in sand flies and in dogs in a region of Southern Brazil that experienced a recent canine visceral leishmaniasis outbreak. METHODS This report includes a survey of the sand fly fauna at the Zoonosis Control Center of the Municipality of Tubarão (Santa Catarina, Brazil). Molecular tests were conducted to investigate Leishmania spp. natural infection in sand flies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In positive females, in addition to morphological identification, molecular analysis through DNA barcoding was performed to determine the sand fly species. Additionally, the dogs were tested for the presence of Leishmania spp. using a non-invasive technique for the collection of biological material, to be assessed by PCR. RESULTS A total of 3419 sand flies, belonging to five genera, were collected. Nyssomyia neivai was the most abundant species (85.8%), followed by Migonemyia migonei (13.3%), Pintomyia fischeri (0.8%), Evandromyia edwardsi (< 0.1%), and species of the genus Brumptomyia. (0.1%). Out of the 509 non-engorged females analyzed by PCR, two (0.4%) carried L. infantum DNA. The naturally infected females were identified as Ny. neivai, in both morphological and molecular analysis. In addition, two out of 47 conjunctival swabs from dogs tested positive for L. infantum, yielding an infection rate of 4.2%. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the presence of Ny. neivai naturally infected with L. infantum in an area where dogs were also infected by the parasite, suggesting its potential role as a vector in Southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Fernandes Cardoso
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
- Directorate of Epidemiological Surveillance (DIVE), Santa Catarina's State Health Secretary, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Victor Costa Guesser
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luísa Damazio Pitaluga Rona
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM, CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - André Nóbrega Pitaluga
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Molecular Entomology, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (INCT-EM, CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Mota TF, Brodskyn CI, Morello LG, Marchini FK, Krieger MA, de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo R, Fraga DBM. Multiplex qPCR assay to determine Leishmania infantum load in Lutzomyia longipalpis sandfly samples. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 36:176-184. [PMID: 35089617 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a multiplex qPCR to detect Leishmania infantum load in different sandfly sample settings using Leishmania kDNA and sandfly vacuolar ATPase (VATP) subunit C as internal control gene. The amplification of Lutzomyia longipalpis VATP gene was evaluated together with Leishmania infantum kDNA in a multiplex reaction. The concentration of VATP gene oligonucleotides was adjusted until no statistically significant difference was observed between all multiplex standard curves and singleplex curves, that is, only kDNA amplification. Limit of detection (LoD) was measured using a probit model and a cut-off defined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Limit of quantification (LoQ) was assessed by a linear model using the coefficient of variation threshold of 25%. After assuring VATP gene amplification, its primer-probe concentrations were best at 100 nM/10 nM, respectively. The cut-off Cq value for L. infantum kDNA was defined as 35.46 with 100% of sensitivity and specificity. A total of 95% LoD was determined to be of 0.162 parasites while LoQ was 5.858. Our VATP/kDNA multiplex qPCR assay shows that it can be used to evaluate both DNA integrity and determine L. infantum load in L. longipalpis even for low yielded samples, that is, individual midguts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Feitosa Mota
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luis Gustavo Morello
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Klerynton Marchini
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná (IBMP), Rua Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurelio Krieger
- Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), FIOCRUZ-PR, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Interação Parasito-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia (LaIPHE), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ-BA, Rua Waldemar Falcão, Salvador, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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3
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Tonelli GB, Binder C, Margonari C, Andrade Filho JD. Sand fly behavior: much more than weak-flying. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e210230. [PMID: 34816885 PMCID: PMC8672444 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniases are diseases transmitted by some species of sand flies and are widely distributed throughout the tropical regions of the planet. Despite the low mobility of these vectors, the geographical distributions of some species are quite extensive, which hinders control and surveillance measures in endemic areas. OBJECTIVES The present study investigated the flying capacity of sand flies. METHODS Four Hoover Penido (HP)-type light traps were positioned in the centre of the Velhas' River, about 80 metres equidistant from each other. We also realised capture/release/recapture attempts to assess possible capacity of phlebotomine fly uninterrupted up to 150 metres. Captured sand flies from one side of the river were marked using fluorescent powder (Luminous Paint kit, Bioquip®) and released on the other side, approximately 150 m distant. Recapture attempts were made on river's bank up to 30 days post-release. FINDINGS Six sand flies of the species Nyssomyia neivai (n = 4), Ny. intermedia (n = 1) and Evandromyia lenti (n = 1) were captured in the centre of the river. There were no recaptures of the 1,450 marked-and-released sand flies. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The results obtained disagree with data found in the literature regarding the flight capacity of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Camila Binder
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Oliveira BFG, de Fátima Domingos M, Ovallos FG, de Camargo-Neves VLF. Updating Ecological and Behavioral Aspects of the Sandfly Fauna in the Vale do Ribeira Region, São Paulo State, Brazil. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110988. [PMID: 34821789 PMCID: PMC8618175 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Analyzing the biological and ecological characteristics of arthropods constitutes the basis for the entomological surveillance of vector-borne diseases. This is accomplished in order to implement vector surveillance and control programs. Thus, with the objective to update the distribution of sandflies in the main transmission region of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of São Paulo, we carried out a study of fauna in a modified environment, considering its environmental characteristics and climatic variables. Ecological indices such as richness, abundance, diversity, and equitability of the sandfly fauna in the region are presented. Abstract Some ecological parameters and the distribution of vectors in the municipality of Eldorado, Vale do Ribeira Region, São Paulo, were studied. Entomological surveys were carried out from September 2019 to March 2021. It was observed that a few ecological parameters, including richness, abundance, diversity, and equitability, were typical of a modified environment, where artificial ecotopes maintain the presence of sandflies throughout the year. A total of 11,668 sandflies were captured. The presence of five taxa were observed in Eldorado, with low diversity and high dominance of Nyssomyia intermedia next to Ny. neivai, which are sympatric species. The results presented reinforce the importance of these species in anthropized areas in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) agents and the need for entomological monitoring. Psathyromyia pascalei was encountered for the first time in the municipality, expanding the known area of distribution of this species in a modified environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byara Freitas Guedes Oliveira
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Núcleo de Biologia e Comportamento de Vetores de São Vicente, São Vicente 11310-050, SP, Brazil; (B.F.G.O.); (M.d.F.D.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Domingos
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Núcleo de Biologia e Comportamento de Vetores de São Vicente, São Vicente 11310-050, SP, Brazil; (B.F.G.O.); (M.d.F.D.)
| | - Fredy Galvis Ovallos
- Faculdade de São Paulo—USP, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil;
| | - Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias—Sucen, Departamento de Epidemiologia e Orientação Técnica, São Paulo 01027-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-991313143
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Tonelli GB, Binder C, Nogueira VLC, Prado MH, Theobaldo GG, Campos AM, de Souza CM, Andrade Filho JD. The sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of the urban area of Lassance, Northeast Minas Gerais, Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257043. [PMID: 34644289 PMCID: PMC8513856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to check the sand flies' fauna on the municipality of Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil and detect the presence of Leishmania DNA on the female captured and determine the risk areas of the municipality. Sand flies were collected monthly from May 2018 to April 2019 using automatic light traps for 3 consecutive nights. Eight houses were selected as sample points due its previous reports of tegumentary leishmaniasis and/or canine leishmaniasis. The sand fly's fauna found on the present study it's represented by several medical importance species and the most abundant species found were Lutzomyia longipalpis (77.09%) and Nyssomyia intermedia (10.06%). Leishmania infantum DNA was detected in a pool of Lu. longipalpis resulting on a 2.81% of infection rate. By the frequency of the two most abundant species on this study, we developed a risk area map and it draws attention to sample point 6 due to disparate abundance of sand flies at this site (81.81%). Statistical overview shows Lu. longipalpis as dominant species and, still, Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis reveal high similarity on fauna's diversity on the study area. Our findings suggest that the diversity of sand flies from the municipality of Lassance may promote the circulation of Leishmania infantum parasites putting in risk the habitants and other mammal's species. Still, our study reinforces the necessity of specific studies focused on breed sites of phlebotomine and its' ecology to expand the knowledge about the behaviour of this group of insects applying directly to leishmaniases' epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Barbosa Tonelli
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Camila Binder
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Marina Henriques Prado
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Gonçalves Theobaldo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Aldenise Martins Campos
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Carina Margonari de Souza
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses – Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas – Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Almazán MC, Copa GN, Gil JF, López Quiroga I, Díaz Fernández ME, Uncos A, Hoyos CL, Nasser JR, Barroso PA, Marco JD. Parasitological and molecular search for Leishmania natural infection in phlebotomine sand flies in peri-urban and rural sites of an Argentinean area endemic for tegumentary leishmaniasis. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106064. [PMID: 34302769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases caused by Leishmania spp. parasites transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. In Argentina, the most endemic area of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) has been Orán department, Province of Salta, where Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis prevails and Nyssomyia neivai is considered as its vector, although there is no accurate and sufficient information in this regard. The aim of this work was to search for natural infection by Leishmania spp. in sand flies from peri-urban and rural sites with ATL background in Orán department. For this, sand flies were caught at five sites; female sand flies captured with Shannon trap were dissected to microscopically examine their gut contents, while females captured with CDC traps were molecularly analyzed by duplex PCR with two primer pairs to simultaneously amplify kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and mammalian actin. A total of 1921 females were captured, with Ny. neivai being the most abundant species (89%), followed by Migonemyia migonei (6%) and cortelezzii complex (3%). No natural infection was found in any of them neither by dissection nor by PCR, although the detection limit of kDNA PCR was up to 25 promastigotes. The absence of infected females in peri-urban sites suggest that the transmission did not take place in those environments during the study period. Future searches for natural infection should focus on rural settings to deepen knowledge and elucidate the role of the circulating sand fly species as all have been linked to ATL transmission at other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Almazán
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Griselda Noemí Copa
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - José Fernando Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Inés López Quiroga
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Alejandro Uncos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lorenzo Hoyos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Julio Rubén Nasser
- Cátedra de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Paola Andrea Barroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Jorge Diego Marco
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina; Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET, Salta, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Pinto AO, Carvalho D, Frizzo C, Lopes K, Tessari GB, Catecati T, Dhom-Lemos LC, Pasquali AKS, Quaresma PF, Stoco PH, Grisard EC, Steindel M, Wagner G. First case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the midwestern of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241162. [PMID: 34133561 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum is transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies and a major zoonotic disease in Brazil. Due to the southward expansion of the disease within the country and the central role of dogs as urban reservoirs of the parasite, we have investigated the occurrence of CVL in two municipalities Erval Velho and Herval d'Oeste in the Midwest region of Santa Catarina state. Peripheral blood samples from 126 dogs were collected in both cities and tested for anti-L. infantum antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF) and for the presence of parasite DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in peripheral blood. From examined dogs, 35.71% (45/126) were positive for at least one of the three tests and two (1.6%) were positive in all performed tests. Twelve dogs (9.5%) were positive for both ELISA and IIF, while 21 dogs were exclusively positive for ELISA (16.7%), and 15 (11.9%) for IIF. L. infantum k-DNA was detected by PCR in 9 out of 126 dogs (7.1%) and clinical symptoms compatible with CVL were observed for 6 dogs. Taken together, these results indicate the transmission of CVL in this region, highlighting the needs for epidemiological surveillance and implementation of control measures for CVL transmission in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Pinto
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil.,Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Campos Novos, SC, Brasil
| | - D Carvalho
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - C Frizzo
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - K Lopes
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil
| | - G B Tessari
- Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Campos Novos, SC, Brasil
| | - T Catecati
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - L C Dhom-Lemos
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - A K S Pasquali
- Curso de Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Campos Novos, SC, Brasil
| | - P F Quaresma
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - P H Stoco
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - E C Grisard
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - M Steindel
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - G Wagner
- Programa de Mestrado em Biociências e Saúde, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Joaçaba, SC, Brasil.,Laboratório de Protozoologia, Universidade do Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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8
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Rigg CA, Calzada JE, Saldaña A, Perea M, Chaves LF, Valderrama A. Leishmania spp. Infection Rate and Feeding Patterns of Sand Flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from a Hyperendemic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Community in Panamá. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:798-807. [PMID: 30793681 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a common and important vector-borne parasitic zoonosis in Panamá. Here, we study Leishmania spp. infection rates and blood-feeding patterns among common sand flies in Trinidad de Las Minas, a rural community with hyperendemic ACL transmission, and where a deltamethrin fogging trial was performed. Sand flies were collected from April 2010 to June 2011 with light traps installed inside and in the peridomicile of 24 houses. We restricted our analysis to the most abundant species at the study site: Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia panamensis, Lutzomyia triramula, and Lutzomyia dysponeta. We detected Leishmania spp. infection in sand flies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS-1) in pooled females (1-10 females per pool). Host species of engorged sand flies were identified using a cytochrome b PCR. From 455 sand fly pools analyzed, 255 pools were positive for Leishmania spp., with an estimated infection rate (confidence interval) of 0.096 [0.080-0.115] before the deltamethrin fogging which slightly, but not significantly (P > 0.05), increased to 0.116 [0.098-0.136] after the deltamethrin fogging. Blood meal analysis suggested that pigs, goats, and birds were the most common sand fly blood sources, followed by humans and domestic dogs. DNA sequencing from a subsample of ITS-1 positive pools suggests that Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania naiffi, and other Leishmania spp. were the parasite species infecting the most common vectors at the study site. Our data confirm an association between sand fly species, humans, domestic dogs, and pigs and Leishmania spp. parasites in rural Panamá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chystrie A Rigg
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.,Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - José E Calzada
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Milixa Perea
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Luis F Chaves
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Tres Ríos, Costa Rica
| | - Anayansi Valderrama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá.,Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud (ICGES), Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
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9
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Mota TF, de Sousa OMF, Silva YDJ, Borja LS, Leite BMM, Solcà MDS, de Melo DA, Brodskyn CI, Dias ES, Veras PST, Fraga DBM. Natural infection by Leishmania infantum in the Lutzomyia longipalpis population of an endemic coastal area to visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil is not associated with bioclimatic factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007626. [PMID: 31449534 PMCID: PMC6730935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and in Brazil is transmitted mainly by the bite of Lutzomuyia longipalpis sand flies. Data about the presence, distribution, natural infection rate, seasonal and monthly dynamics of the vector population are important for optimizing the measures to control VL in endemic areas. This study aimed to identify sand fly fauna in an endemic area for VL to detect the prevalence of L. infantum infection in the Lu. longipalpis population and to elucidate the influence of bioclimatic factors on the monthly fluctuations of this vector. HP light traps were monthly set in the intradomicile and peridomicile of residences located in the central and beachfront areas of Camaçari, a VL endemic area. The sand fly collection was conducted in two periods: i) period 1-between December 2011 and November 2012 and ii) period 2-August 2014 and July 2015. Sand fly species were identified and detection of L. infantum infection by qPCR was performed in pools of female Lu. longipalpis. For the first time, the parasite load of positive pools was correlated with the number of Lu. longipalpis captured per month in both periods. Correlation analyses between the monthly fluctuation of the sand fly population and bioclimatic indices of the municipality in both collection periods were also performed. In both evaluated periods, more than 98% of the collected sand flies were Lu. longipalpis, confirming the predominance of this species in the region. It was captured mostly in the beachfront area in all months evaluated (99%). For the period 1, Leishmania DNA was detected in 81% of tested pools representing a minimal infection rate of 9.6%. In the period 2, 40% of the pools were positive with a minimal infection rate of 10.2%. Infected sand flies were only detected in the beachfront area in both periods. The parasite load was low and did not vary in the evaluated months despite the number of collected sand flies. No correlation was observed for climatic factors in both areas of Camaçari. These findings emphasize the high risk of Leishmania transmission in Camaçari regardless of the season and that other factors, aside from bioclimatic elements, are influencing the sand fly population monthly fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Manuela da Silva Solcà
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia—Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais—INCT-DT, Salvador, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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10
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Rêgo FD, Souza GD, Dornelles LFP, Andrade Filho JD. Ecology and Molecular Detection of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida) in Wild-Caught Sand Flies (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) Collected in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: A New Focus of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:519-525. [PMID: 30321358 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are hematophagous insect vectors of the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania Ross, 1903 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida) that infect mammals, including humans, causing leishmaniasis. In Porto Alegre, Brazil, three autochthonous cases of human visceral leishmaniasis were reported in 2016 through 2017. We analyzed for the presence of Leishmania DNA in sand flies collected at the neighborhood of Agronomia, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Phlebotomine sand flies were collected at three sites from October 2014 to September 2015. Female sand flies were pooled in numbers from 1 to 20 depending upon species, locality, and date; all were screened for Leishmania infection by the amplification of the ITS1 region. In total 518 phlebotomine sand flies were collected: Psathyromyia lanei (Barretto and Coutinho, 1941) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (30.5%), Brumptomyia sp. (França and Parrrot, 1921) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (25.7%), Migonemyia migonei (Franca, 1920) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (21.4%), Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (21.4%), and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926) (Diptera: Psychodidae) (1.0%). Most sand flies were collected during the hot and rainy season from October 2014 to April 2015. Of the 113 pools analyzed, five pools of Pi. fischeri were PCR-positive with the amplicons possessing sequences similar (>95%) to that of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatida). These results represent the first molecular detection of Le. infantum in Pi. fischeri. It is possible that Pi. fischeri is involved in the transmission cycle of Le. infantum in the studied area; however, further studies are needed to establish the true role of Pi. fischeri in the visceral leismaniasis cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Dutra Rêgo
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Getúlio Dornelles Souza
- Núcleo de Flebotomíneos, Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaria de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Núcleo de Vigilância de Roedores e Vetores, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - José Dilermando Andrade Filho
- Grupo de Estudo em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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11
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Santos BAD, Reinhold-Castro KR, Conter CC, Neitzke-Abreu HC, Cristóvão EC, Silveira TG, Teodoro U. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Leishmania Sp. in Sandflies of the Paraná River Islands, Southern Brazil. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:570-574. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara A. dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Kárin R. Reinhold-Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Conter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson C. Cristóvão
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Rico, Núcleo de Entomologia, Porto Rico, Brazil
| | - Thaís G.V. Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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12
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Santos BA, Reinhold-Castro KR, Cristóvão EC, Silveira TGV, Teodoro U. Predominance of Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) on the Islands of the Paraná River, Southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1349-1353. [PMID: 29897558 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania and it is one of the six most important infectious diseases in the world. The aim of this study was to conduct a research on the fauna and most frequented ecotopes by sandflies on islands of the Paraná River. The sandflies were collected with Falcão light traps in 10 islands in the municipalities of São Pedro do Paraná, Porto Rico, and Querência do Norte, in Paraná State, Brazil, from November 2012 to November 2014. In total, 76,145 specimens of Nyssomyia neivai, the only species found, were collected, of which 63,015 were female and 13,130, male. The largest number of sandflies was collected mainly in domiciles and peridomiciles. The islands of the Paraná River showed predominance of Ny. neivai, which is largely involved in the transmission of Leishmania and a risk of human leishmaniasis to the island inhabitants and tourists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - K R Reinhold-Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E C Cristóvão
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Rico, Núcleo de Entomologia, Rua João Haroldo Carneiro, Porto Rico - PR, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T G V Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - U Teodoro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Membrive NA, Hisatugo F, Silveira TGV, Teixeira JJV, Reinhold-Castro KR, Teodoro U. Considerations of potential vectors and animal reservoirs in an emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis area in São Domingos ranch, Paraná State in Southearn Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e64. [PMID: 28876416 PMCID: PMC5587033 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the dynamics of
Leishmania sand flies and reservoirs in São
Domingos ranch, Arapongas municipality, Paraná State, an
anthropic environment in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Sand flies
were collected in wild animal burrows, residences and in the forest, with
Falcão light trap (FA), Shannon trap (SH) and quadrangular
pyramidal trap (QP). The search for Leishmania was made on sand
flies, biological samples of wild rodents and dogs using PCR and culture; while
parasite direct search (DS) was carried out on animal skin lesions; infection of gold
hamsters; and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test in dog blood samples. Eighty
eight (88) sand flies were collected with FA traps and 526 sand flies using the SH
trap, with a predominance of Pintomyia fischeri. Six hundred and one
(601) specimens of Brumptomyia brumpti were collected in armadillo
burrows, with the QP trap. Seventeen (17) wild rodents were captured, six of them had
skin lesions with characteristics of Leishmania infection. Even though no positive
test was found for Leishmania, epidemiological surveillance should
be maintained, remembering that the human buildings are situated only 50 m from the
forest. Considering the species of wild animals and sandflies found in São
Domingos, the negative test found do not exclude the existence of the
Leishmania transmission cycle in this preservation area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Assis Membrive
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flora Hisatugo
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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14
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Goulart TM, Tosta CD, Machado VE, da Rocha Silva FB, de Castro CF, Ortiz DGS, Oliveira WHC, Pinto MC. Solid phase microextraction, sand flies, oviposition pheromones, plaster of Paris and siloxanes-What is in common? Acta Trop 2017; 168:50-53. [PMID: 28109801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sand flies are natural hosts of various microorganisms. Due to their epidemiological importance, sand fly colonies are kept in laboratories to be studied in terms of their biology and vector/host/parasite interactions. In order to investigate the presence of oviposition pheromones in Nyssomyia neivai, experiments using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) were performed. However, siloxanes which is an external class of contamination, present in breeding containers made by plaster used to maintain sand flies in colonies, may be hindered the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Marchi Goulart
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Departamento de Zoologia Animal, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vicente Estevam Machado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Feitosa de Castro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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McIntyre S, Rangel EF, Ready PD, Carvalho BM. Species-specific ecological niche modelling predicts different range contractions for Lutzomyia intermedia and a related vector of Leishmania braziliensis following climate change in South America. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:157. [PMID: 28340594 PMCID: PMC5366140 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 1996 the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia neivai was usually treated as a synonym of the morphologically similar Lutzomyia intermedia, which has long been considered a vector of Leishmania braziliensis, the causative agent of much cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America. This report investigates the likely range changes of both sand fly species in response to a stabilisation climate change scenario (RCP4.5) and a high greenhouse gas emissions one (RCP8.5). METHODS Ecological niche modelling was used to identify areas of South America with climates currently suitable for each species, and then the future distributions of these climates were predicted based on climate change scenarios. Compared with the previous ecological niche model of L. intermedia (sensu lato) produced using the GARP algorithm in 2003, the current investigation modelled the two species separately, making use of verified presence records and additional records after 2001. Also, the new ensemble approach employed ecological niche modelling algorithms (including Maximum Entropy, Random Forests and Support Vector Machines) that have been widely adopted since 2003 and perform better than GARP, as well as using a more recent climate change model (HadGEM2) considered to have better performance at higher resolution than the earlier one (HadCM2). RESULTS Lutzomyia intermedia was shown to be the more tropical of the two species, with its climatic niche defined by higher annual mean temperatures and lower temperature seasonality, in contrast to the more subtropical L. neivai. These different latitudinal ranges explain the two species' predicted responses to climate change by 2050, with L. intermedia mostly contracting its range (except perhaps in northeast Brazil) and L. neivai mostly shifting its range southwards in Brazil and Argentina. This contradicts the findings of the 2003 report, which predicted more range expansion. The different findings can be explained by the improved data sets and modelling methods. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that climate change will not always lead to range expansion of disease vectors such as sand flies. Ecological niche models should be species specific, carefully selected and combined in an ensemble approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McIntyre
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Elizabeth F Rangel
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paul D Ready
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Bruno M Carvalho
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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16
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Dos Santos BA, Reinhold-Castro KR, Cristóvão EC, Silveira TGV, Teodoro U. Sand flies on Paraná River Islands and natural infection of Nyssomyia neivai by Leishmania in southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2016; 41:186-189. [PMID: 27232142 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Andreo Dos Santos
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná state, Brazil.
| | | | - Edilson Colhera Cristóvão
- Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Porto Rico, Núcleo de Entomologia, Porto Rico, Paraná state, Brazil
| | | | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná state, Brazil
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17
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Brilhante AF, Dorval MEMC, Galati EAB, da Rocha HC, Cristaldo G, Nunes VLB. PHLEBOTOMINE FAUNA (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) IN AN AREA OF FISHING TOURISM IN CENTRAL-WESTERN BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016. [PMID: 26200964 PMCID: PMC4544248 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify behavioral aspects of the sandfly fauna of a
fishing tourism area in the municipality of Bonito (MS). Monthly captures were
undertaken from December 2009 to November 2010, using automatic CDC type light traps,
from 18h00 to 06h00, in a forested area, a savannah area, peridomiciles and animal
shelters near peridomiciliary areas. Nyssomyia whitmani was the most
frequent out of a total of 6,699 specimens collected, belonging to 16 species,
followed by Psathyromyia bigeniculata and Lutzomyia
longipalpis, found in all the environments investigated, though in their
greatest numbers in the animal shelters. Ny. whitmani exhibited its
highest frequencies during the dry months, coincident with the fishing season, when
the risk of transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis for tourists and inhabitants
increases. Noteworthy was the finding of two species naturally infected by
flagellates: Ny. whitmani and Pa. bigeniculata. The
local population and visiting tourists should be warned of the threat posed by
leishmaniasis and the health authorities alerted to the need for adopting
environmental sanitary measures, especially regarding such animal shelters as they
seem to provide favorable conditions to the proliferation, maintenance and breeding
opportunities of phlebotomines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hilda Carlos da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, , ,
| | - Geucira Cristaldo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, , ,
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18
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Reinhold-Castro KR, de Carvalho Gasparotto J, Neitzke-Abreu HC, Teodoro U. Larval habitats of sand flies in rural areas of southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2015; 40:269-276. [PMID: 26611961 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of an investigation of natural larval sand fly habitats in the Recanto Marista, Doutor Camargo municipality, Paraná state, Brazil, from May, 2010 to August, 2012. We used Alencar emergence traps (AT), experimental traps (ET), and soil samples incubated in a biochemical oxygen demand incubator. Eight sand flies were collected with ATs. One specimen was collected with an ET and 21 were collected in soil samples. The collected species were Brumptomyia brumpti, Micropygomyia ferreirana, Migonemyia bursiformis, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, and Pintomyia pessoai. The laval habitats of sand flies were located in the Recanto Marista, especially between tree roots, but the number of adults that emerged in the traps and soil samples was small despite the high density of sand flies that has been recorded in the Recanto Marista.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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19
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Goulart TM, de Castro CF, Machado VE, da Rocha Silva FB, Pinto MC. Techniques to improve the maintenance of a laboratory colony of Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae). Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:423. [PMID: 26276040 PMCID: PMC4537559 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most critical phase in sand fly colonization is the high mortality in the larval instars. In this study, we sought out strategies for improving the colonization of Nyssomyia neivai, one of the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in South America. METHODS A colony of Ny. neivai was established in the laboratory from a field population, and the productivity of adults was evaluated considering carrying capacity, diet for larvae and surface for oviposition. RESULTS The highest emergency rate of adults was achieved with the fewest couples inside 150 mL rearing chambers on a sterilized diet made of rabbit feces, rabbit food, soil and fish food and with vermiculite as a substrate for oviposition and the development of larvae. CONCLUSION Our data on Ny. neivai colonization showed that the best adult productivities were achieved with fewer couples inside the rearing chambers; smaller rearing containers of 150 mL (due to less fungi growth); sterilized diet made of rabbit feces, rabbit food, soil and fish food; and vermiculite as the substrate for oviposition and development of larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Marchi Goulart
- Departamento de Zoologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Camila Feitosa de Castro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Vicente Estevam Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Benini da Rocha Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
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20
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Almeida PSD, Andrade AJD, Sciamarelli A, Raizer J, Menegatti JA, Hermes SCNM, Carvalho MDSLD, Gurgel-Gonçalves R. Geographic distribution of phlebotomine sandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Central-West Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:551-9. [PMID: 26018450 PMCID: PMC4501420 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study updates the geographic distributions of phlebotomine species in Central-West Brazil and analyses the climatic factors associated with their occurrence. The data were obtained from the entomology services of the state departments of health in Central-West Brazil, scientific collections and a literature review of articles from 1962-2014. Ecological niche models were produced for sandfly species with more than 20 occurrences using the Maxent algorithm and eight climate variables. In all, 2,803 phlebotomine records for 127 species were analysed. Nyssomyia whitmani, Evandromyia lenti and Lutzomyia longipalpis were the species with the greatest number of records and were present in all the biomes in Central-West Brazil. The models, which were produced for 34 species, indicated that the Cerrado areas in the central and western regions of Central-West Brazil were climatically more suitable to sandflies. The variables with the greatest influence on the models were the temperature in the coldest months and the temperature seasonality. The results show that phlebotomine species in Central-West Brazil have different geographical distribution patterns and that climate conditions in essentially the entire region favour the occurrence of at least one Leishmania vector species, highlighting the need to maintain or intensify vector control and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Silva de Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - Andrey José de Andrade
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Alan Sciamarelli
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - Josué Raizer
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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21
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Neitzke-Abreu HC, Reinhold-Castro KR, Venazzi MS, Scodro RBDL, Dias ADC, Silveira TGV, Teodoro U, Lonardoni MVC. Detection of Leishmania (Viannia) IN Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani by multiplex polymerase chain reaction, in Southern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:391-5. [PMID: 25229218 PMCID: PMC4172109 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000500004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandflies transmit pathogens of leishmaniasis. The natural infection of sandflies by Leishmania (Viannia) was assessed in municipalities, in the state of Paraná, in Southern Brazil. Sandflies were collected with Falcão and Shannon traps. After dissection in search of flagellates in digestive tubes and identification of the species, female sandflies were submitted to the Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (multiplex PCR) for detection of the fragment of the kDNA of Leishmania (Viannia) and the fragment from the IVS6 cacophony gene region of the phlebotomine insects. The analysis was performed in pools containing seven to 12 guts from females of the same species. A total of 510 female sandflies were analyzed, including nine Migonemyia migonei, 17 Pintomyia fischeri, 216 Nyssomyia neivai, and 268 Nyssomyia whitmani. Although none of the females was found naturally infected by flagellates through dissection, the fragment of DNA from Leishmania (Viannia) was shown by multiplex PCR in one sample of Ny. neivai (0.46%) and three samples of Ny. whitmani (1.12%). It was concluded that Ny. neivai and Ny. whitmani are susceptible to Leishmania infection, and that multiplex PCR can be used in epidemiological studies to detect the natural infection of the sandfly vector, because of its sensitivity, specificity and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herintha Coeto Neitzke-Abreu
- Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kárin Rosi Reinhold-Castro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mateus Sabaini Venazzi
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Departamento de Medicina, Universidade
Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas
e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá,
Paraná, Brasil
| | - Alessandra de Cassia Dias
- Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gomes Verzignassi Silveira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas
e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá,
Paraná, Brasil
| | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni
- Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, Programa de Pós Graduação em
Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá,
Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas
e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá,
Paraná, Brasil
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Cruz CFR, Cruz MFR, Galati EAB. Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in rural and urban environments in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:S0074-02762013000300303. [PMID: 23778669 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high proportion of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis reported amongst residents in the city of Bandeirantes, in the state of Paraná, Brazil, led the authors to investigate the phlebotomine fauna in both urban and rural environments. The sandflies were captured with automatic light traps from 07:00 pm-07:00 am fortnightly in 11 urban peridomiciles from April 2008-March 2009 and monthly in three ecotopes within four rural localities from April 2009-March 2010. In one of these latter localities, sandfly capture was conducted with white/black Shannon traps during each of three seasons: spring, summer and fall. A total of 5,729 sandflies of 17 species were captured. Nyssomyia neivai (46.7%) and Nyssomyia whitmani (35.3%) were the predominant species. In this study, 3,865 specimens were captured with automatic light traps: 22 (0.083 sandflies/trap) in the urban areas and 3,843 (26.69 sandflies/trap) in the rural areas. Ny. neivai was predominant in urban (68.2%) and rural (42.8%) areas. A total of 1,864 specimens were captured with the white/black Shannon traps and Ny. neivai (54.5%) and Ny. whitmani (31.4%) were the predominant species captured. The small numbers of sandflies captured in the urban areas suggest that the transmission of Leishmania has occurred in the rural area due to Ny. neivai and Ny. whitmani as the probable vectors.
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Melo SCCSD, Cella W, Massafera R, Silva NMMG, Marqui R, Carvalho MDDB, Teodoro U. Phlebotomine sandflies in rural locations in the State of Parana, southern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 55:407-10. [PMID: 24213193 PMCID: PMC4105088 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652013000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the fauna and frequency of sandflies in domestic animal shelters, residences and other ecotopes in rural areas of the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná State. Sandflies were collected twice in eight rural villages by using Falcon traps from 8pm to 6am in 2008. In these localities 4,790 sandflies were collected, which were represented by ten sandfly species, prevailing of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani species. It was observed that animal shelters are the domestic ecotopes where there is the greatest frequency of these insects. The localities where the collections were made had the environmental characteristics that allow the persistence of transmission of parasites from the American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Although the fauna and the behavior of sandflies species are similar in different localities, the method of controlling these insects should be adjusted to the environmental characteristics of each one of the most diverse endemic areas of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipalities of Paraná State.
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Reinhold-Castro KR, Fenelon VC, Rossi RM, Brito JEC, Freitas JS, Teodoro U. Impact of control measures and dynamics of sand flies in southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2013; 38:63-68. [PMID: 23701608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of control measures introduced to reduce the density of sand flies in domiciles and subsequent monitoring of the effects of these measures on the sand fly populations. The most common species of sand flies were Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia whitmani, which are naturally infected by Leishmania. A total of 268,382 (93.4%) sand flies were collected in ecotypes constructed with the aim of attracting sand flies, and 19,091 (6.6%) sand flies were collected in the ecotypes consisting of residences and other buildings. Human actions determine the growth or reduction of the sand fly population in human-occupied space. Understanding the dynamics of sand flies in this environment can substantially contribute to the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Steindel M, Menin Á, Evangelista T, Stoco PH, Marlow MA, Fleith RC, Pilati C, Grisard EC. Outbreak of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in Santa Catarina, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the first outbreak of autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Following the report of two cases of CVL, the Control Center of Zoonotic Diseases conducted a serological survey by ELISA and IFAT assays in seven districts of the Santa Catarina Island. Eleven seropositive dogs of autochthonous transmission were used in the present study. Infection by Leishmania sp. was confirmed by parasitological examination of bone marrow, liver, spleen and lymph nodes, culture in Schneider's medium and PCR. Leishmania sp. isolates were characterized by PCR-RFLP and hybridization with specific probes, allowing for the identification of Leishmania infantum. Autochthonous transmission of this disease in an area with high tourist traffic presents a major public health concern and signifies the emergence of an important zoonosis in southern Brazil. Therefore, the implementation of surveillance and control measures is imperative to prevent the spread of the disease among the canine population as well as transmission to the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Celso Pilati
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Marlow MA, da Silva Mattos M, Makowiecky ME, Eger I, Rossetto AL, Grisard EC, Steindel M. Divergent profile of emerging cutaneous leishmaniasis in subtropical Brazil: new endemic areas in the southern frontier. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56177. [PMID: 23457521 PMCID: PMC3572950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although known to be highly endemic in the Amazon regions of Brazil, the presence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the subtropical southern part of the country has largely been ignored. This study was conducted to demonstrate CL is emerging in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, as well as to characterize the epidemiological profile and Leishmania species involved. Methodology/Principal Findings For this cross-sectional study, data from all CL cases from Santa Catarina, Brazil, reported to the Brazilian National Notifiable Diseases Information System from 2001 to 2009 were investigated. Amplification of the kDNA minicircle conserved region followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was conducted to screen for Leishmania species present in patient biopsy. Overall, 542 CL cases were reported, with majority resulting from autochthonous transmission (n = 401, 73.99%) and occurring in urban zones (n = 422, 77.86%). Age, gender, zone of residence, origin of case, clinical form and case outcome were found to differ significantly by region. Imported cases were over seven times more likely to relapse (95% CI 2.56–21.09). Mapping of cases revealed new endemic areas in northeastern Santa Catarina with two species present. With the exception of three L. (Leishmania) amazonensis cases (1.20%), majority of PCR positive samples were found to be L. (Viannia) braziliensis (n = 248, 98.80%). Conclusions/Significance CL is now endemic in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, with case profiles varying significantly by region. L. (V.) braziliensis has been identified as the predominant species in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Asbury Marlow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marise da Silva Mattos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Ernestina Makowiecky
- Department of Zoonoses, Diretoria de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Iriane Eger
- Center for Health Sciences, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Brazil
| | | | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Phlebotomines are the sole or principal vectors of Leishmania, Bartonella bacilliformis, and some arboviruses. The coevolution of sand flies with Leishmania species of mammals and lizards is considered in relation to the landscape epidemiology of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. Evolutionary hypotheses are unresolved, so a practical phlebotomine classification is proposed to aid biomedical information retrieval. The vectors of Leishmania are tabulated and new criteria for their incrimination are given. Research on fly-parasite-host interactions, fly saliva, and behavioral ecology is reviewed in relation to parasite manipulation of blood feeding, vaccine targets, and pheromones for lures. Much basic research is based on few transmission cycles, so generalizations should be made with caution. Integrated research and control programs have begun, but improved control of leishmaniasis and nuisance-biting requires greater emphasis on population genetics and transmission modeling. Most leishmaniasis transmission is zoonotic, affecting the poor and tourists in rural and natural areas, and therefore control should be compatible with environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Ready
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
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Saraiva L, Carvalho GMDL, Sanguinette CDC, Carvalho DAAD, Andrade Filho JD. Biogeographical aspects of the occurrence of Nyssomyia neivai and Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a sympatric area of the Brazilian savannah. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:867-72. [PMID: 23147141 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia neivai constitute a species complex associated with Leishmania transmission. The aim of this study was to analyse the ecological profiles of the Ny. intermedia and Ny. neivai populations in a sympatric area in the Brazilian savannah along the banks of the Velhas River. Captures were performed from July 2003-June 2005 in two distinct environments: a gallery forest with various degrees of anthropogenic modification and animal shelters. A total of 20,508 Ny. neivai (86%) and Ny. intermedia (14%) sandflies were collected. The difference between the proportions of the sandflies that were collected (Ny. neivai/Ny. intermedia) per bank was significant. The right bank presented a greater number of sandflies (65%) and more preserved vegetation. The abundance of Ny. neivai was higher than that of Ny. intermedia on both banks. The results demonstrate that anthropic activities can affect the sandfly populations in this area, thereby leading to a reduction in species abundance. Nevertheless, the environments with higher levels of antropogenic modification displayed sandfly population numbers that favour the Leishmania transmission cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Saraiva
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fioruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Legriffon CMDO, Reinhold-Castro KR, Fenelon VC, Neitzke-Abreu HC, Teodoro U. Sandfly frequency in a clean and well-organized rural environment in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:77-82. [PMID: 22370833 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sandflies caught in Santa Juliana Farm in Sarandi, State of Paraná, Brazil, were assessed in terms of their fauna, seasonality, and frequency in the homes and in shelters of domestic animals around the homes, as well as in the nearby forest. METHODS In Santa Juliana Farm, there are no records of cases of ACL, differing from other relatively clean and organized areas where surveys of sandflies have been conducted in Paraná. Samples were collected with Falcão light traps, fortnightly from 22:00 to 02:00 hours, from November 2007 to November 2008. RESULTS A total of 4,506 sandflies were captured, representing 13 species, predominantly Nyssomyia whitmani (71.8%). More sandflies were collected in the forest (52.6%) than outside the forest (residences and pigsty) (47.4%). However, Ny. whitmani was collected in greater numbers outside (38.3%) than inside the forest (33.5%). Most sandflies were collected in the warmer months and during periods with regular rainfall. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that cleaning and organization around the houses could reduce sandfly population in peridomicile. Constructing shelters for animal at a distance of approximately 100m from domiciles is recommended to prevent the invasion of sandflies, as this farm has an area of preserved forest, with wild animals and sandflies present to maintain the enzootic cycle of Leishmania.
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Pinto MC, Bray DP, Eiras AE, Carvalheira HP, Puertas CP. Attraction of the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae) to host odour components in a wind tunnel. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:210. [PMID: 23009099 PMCID: PMC3481478 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory studies of host-seeking olfactory behaviour in sandflies have largely been restricted to the American visceral leishmaniasis vector Lutzomyia longipalpis. In comparison, almost nothing is known about the chemical ecology of related species, which transmit American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), due in part to difficulties in raising these insects in the laboratory. Understanding how ACL vectors locate their hosts will be essential to developing new vector control strategies to combat this debilitating disease. METHODS This study examined host-odour seeking behaviour of the ACL vector Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (=Lutzomyia neivai) using a wind tunnel olfactometer. The primary aim was to determine whether field-collected female N. neivai would respond to host odours in the laboratory, thereby eliminating the need to maintain colonies of these insects for behavioural experiments. Responses to two key host odour components, 1-octen-3-ol and lactic acid, and a commercially-available mosquito lure (BG-Lure™) were assessed and compared relative to an air control. We also tested whether trials could be conducted outside of the normal evening activity period of N. neivai without impacting on fly behaviour, and whether the same flies could be used to assess baseline responses to air without affecting responses to octenol, thereby reducing the number of flies required for experiments. RESULTS Octenol was found to both activate host-seeking behaviour and attract female N. neivai in the wind tunnel, while lactic acid elicited weaker responses of activation and attractiveness under identical conditions. The BG-Lure did not activate or attract N. neivai under test conditions. Further experiments showed that sandfly behaviour in the wind tunnel was not affected by time of day, such that experiments need not be restricted to nocturnal hours. Moreover, using the same flies to measure both baseline responses to air and attraction to test compounds did not affect odour-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that N. neivai taken from the field are suitable for use in laboratory olfactometer experiments. It is hoped this work will facilitate further research into chemical ecology of this species, and other ACL vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara C Pinto
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho, 14801-902 Araraquara-SP, Brazil.
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Cella W, Melo SCCSD, Legriffon CMDO, Freitas JSD, Kuhl JB, Teodoro U, Rossi RM. [Sandflies in rural localities in northwest Paraná State, Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2012; 27:2461-8. [PMID: 22218588 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2011001200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the results from sandfly captures at six sites in a rural area of Japurá, Paraná State, Brazil, showing the vector's presence indoors, outdoors, and in residual forest. Sandfly captures were performed with Falcão traps from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM. At sites 195, 223, 236, and 527, three captures were performed at different times from December 2007 to January 2009. At sites 175 and 218, captures were performed from January to December 2008. 8,453 sandflies were captured, with an average of 155.40 specimens per hour. Nyssomyia neivai was the predominant species. Most sandflies were captured in domestic animal shelters (75.91 per hour) and in ciliary forest (38.45 per hour) during the hottest and rainiest months, in the outdoor environment with accumulation of organic matter and inadequate disposal of household wastewater. The study emphasizes the need for regular outdoor cleaning around households and building domestic animal shelters far from residences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilsandrei Cella
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Rua Jaracatiá 460, Japurá, PR. Brazil.
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Pita-Pereira DD, Souza GD, Pereira TDA, Zwetsch A, Britto C, Rangel EF. Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), a probable vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: detection of natural infection by Leishmania (Viannia) DNA in specimens from the municipality of Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil, using multiplex PCR assay. Acta Trop 2011; 120:273-5. [PMID: 21939631 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine natural Leishmania (Viannia) infection in Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri, a multiplex PCR methodology coupled to non-isotopic hybridization was adopted for the analysis of sand fly samples collected by CDC light traps in an endemic area of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in the periurban region of the municipality of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We analyzed by PCR methodology 560 specimens of Lutzomyia (Pintomyia) fischeri (520 females and 40 males). The wild sand flies were grouped into 56 pools (52 females and 4 males) of 10 each, and positive results were detected in 2 of the 52 female pools, representing a minimum infection rate of 0.38% based on the presence of at least 1 infected insect in the pool. This result associated with some local evidence such as anthopophily, spatial distribution in accordance with the transmission area and human case incidence, suggests that L. (P.)fischeri may be considered as a secondary vector of ACL in the studied locality.
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Oliveira DM, Reinhold-Castro KR, Bernal MVZ, de Oliveira Legriffon CM, Lonardoni MVC, Teodoro U, Silveira TGV. Natural Infection ofNyssomyia neivaibyLeishmania (Viannia) spp. in the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil, Detected by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:137-43. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2009.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Molina Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ueslei Teodoro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Pinto MC, Barbieri K, Silva MCE, Graminha MAS, Casanova C, Andrade AJ, Eiras AE. Octenol as attractant to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera:Psychodidae:Phlebotominae) in the field. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 48:39-44. [PMID: 21337946 DOI: 10.1603/me10081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The kairomone octenol is known as attractive to hematophagous Diptera such as mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and midges. There is little evidence that traps baited with octenol are also effective in attracting phlebotomine sand flies. The present report evaluated octenol in modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) traps in two experiments: 1) modified CDC trap without light and 2) modified CDC trap with light. The traps were baited with octenol at concentrations of 0.5, 27, and 43 mg/h in Rincão locality, São Paulo, Brazil. Traps without octenol were used as controls. The sand fly Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (= Lutzomyia neivai) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) was the prevalent species (99.9%) in both experiments. The results of the experiments showed that traps baited with octenol at 27 and 43 mg/h caught significantly more N. neivai than control and octenol at 0.5 mg/h with and without light. This is the first report that shows that octenol itself is attractive to N. neivai and associated with light traps significantly increases the catches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Pinto
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Julio de Mesquita Filho, 14801-902 Araraquara-SP, Brazil.
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Survey of natural infection by Leishmania in sand fly species collected in southeastern Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2010; 104:461-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Differential midgut attachment of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in the sand flies Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:439174. [PMID: 20011070 PMCID: PMC2789580 DOI: 10.1155/2010/439174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between Leishmania and sand flies has been demonstrated in many Old and New World species. Besides the morphological differentiation from procyclic to infective metacyclic promastigotes, the parasite undergoes biochemical transformations in its major surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG). An upregulation of β-glucose residues was previously shown in the LPG repeat units from procyclic to metacyclic phase in Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, which has not been reported in any Leishmania species. LPG has been implicated as an adhesion molecule that mediates the interaction with the midgut epithelium of the sand fly in the Subgenus Leishmania. These adaptations were explored for the first time in a species from the Subgenus Viannia, L. (V.) braziliensis with its natural vectors Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani. Using two in vitro binding techniques, phosphoglycans (PGs) derived from procyclic and metacyclic parasites were able to bind to the insect midgut and inhibit L. braziliensis attachment. Interestingly, L. braziliensis procyclic parasite attachment was ∼11-fold greater in the midgut of L. whitmani than in L. intermedia. The epidemiological relevance of L. whitmani as a vector of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil is discussed.
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