1
|
Limcharoen B, Wanichwecharungruang S, Kröger M, Sansureerungsikul T, Schleusener J, Lena Klein A, Banlunara W, Meinke MC, Darvin ME. Dissolvable microneedles in the skin: Determination the impact of barrier disruption and dry skin on dissolution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114303. [PMID: 38657740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles (DMNs), fabricated from biocompatible materials that dissolve in both water and skin have gained popularity in dermatology. However, limited research exists on their application in compromised skin conditions. This study compares the hyaluronic acid-based DMNs penetration, formation of microchannels, dissolution, and diffusion kinetics in intact, barrier-disrupted (tape stripped), and dry (acetone-treated) porcine ear skin ex vivo. After DMNs application, comprehensive investigations including dermoscopy, stereomicroscope, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), optical coherence tomography (OCT), reflectance confocal laser scanning microscopy (RCLSM), confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (CRM), two-photon tomography combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging (TPT-FLIM), histology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The 400 µm long DMNs successfully penetrated the skin to depths of ≈200 µm for dry skin and ≈200-290 µm for barrier-disrupted skin. Although DMNs fully inserted into all skin conditions, their dissolution rates were high in barrier-disrupted and low in dry skin, as observed through stereomicroscopy and TPT-FLIM. The dissolved polymer exhibited a more significant expansion in barrier-disrupted skin compared to intact skin, with the smallest increase observed in dry skin. Elevated TEWL and reduced skin hydration levels were evident in barrier-disrupted and dry skins compared to intact skin. OCT and RCLSM revealed noticeable skin indentation and pronounced microchannel areas, particularly in barrier-disrupted and dry skin. Additional confirmation of DMN effects on the skin and substance dissolution was obtained through histology, SEM, and CRM techniques. This study highlights the impact of skin condition on DMN effectiveness, emphasizing the importance of considering dissolvability and dissolution rates of needle materials, primarily composed of hyaluronic acid, for optimizing DMN-based drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Marius Kröger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Titiporn Sansureerungsikul
- Mineed Technology, 928 Block 28, Building D, Chulalongkorn 7 Alley, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Johannes Schleusener
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Klein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand
| | - Martina C Meinke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| | - Maxim E Darvin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology (CCP), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bloom DC, Lilly C, Canty W, Vilaboa N, Voellmy R. Very Broadly Effective Hemagglutinin-Directed Influenza Vaccines with Anti-Herpetic Activity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:537. [PMID: 38793788 PMCID: PMC11125745 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A universal vaccine that generally prevents influenza virus infection and/or illness remains elusive. We have been exploring a novel approach to vaccination involving replication-competent controlled herpesviruses (RCCVs) that can be deliberately activated to replicate efficiently but only transiently in an administration site in the skin of a subject. The RCCVs are derived from a virulent wild-type herpesvirus strain that has been engineered to contain a heat shock promoter-based gene switch that controls the expression of, typically, two replication-essential viral genes. Additional safety against inadvertent replication is provided by an appropriate secondary mechanism. Our first-generation RCCVs can be activated at the administration site by a mild local heat treatment in the presence of an antiprogestin. Here, we report that epidermal vaccination with such RCCVs expressing a hemagglutinin or neuraminidase of an H1N1 influenza virus strain protected mice against lethal challenges by H1N1 virus strains representing 75 years of evolution. Moreover, immunization with an RCCV expressing a subtype H1 hemagglutinin afforded full protection against a lethal challenge by an H3N2 influenza strain, and an RCCV expressing a subtype H3 hemagglutinin protected against a lethal challenge by an H1N1 strain. Vaccinated animals continued to gain weight normally after the challenge. Protective effects were even observed in a lethal influenza B virus challenge. The RCCV-based vaccines induced robust titers of in-group, cross-group and even cross-type neutralizing antibodies. Passive immunization suggested that observed vaccine effects were at least partially antibody-mediated. In summary, RCCVs expressing a hemagglutinin induce robust and very broad cross-protective immunity against influenza.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Bloom
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0266, USA; (D.C.B.); (C.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Cameron Lilly
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0266, USA; (D.C.B.); (C.L.); (W.C.)
| | - William Canty
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0266, USA; (D.C.B.); (C.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER de Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaikwad SS, Zanje AL, Somwanshi JD. Advancements in transdermal drug delivery: A comprehensive review of physical penetration enhancement techniques. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123856. [PMID: 38281692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug administration has grown in popularity in the pharmaceutical research community due to its potential to improve drug bioavailability, compliance among patients, and therapeutic effectiveness. To overcome the substantial barrier posed by the stratum corneum (SC) and promote drug absorption within the skin, various physical penetration augmentation approaches have been devised. This review article delves into popular physical penetration augmentation techniques, which include sonophoresis, iontophoresis, magnetophoresis, thermophoresis, needle-free injection, and microneedles (MNs) Sonophoresis is a technique that uses low-frequency ultrasonic waves to break the skin's barrier characteristics, therefore improving drug transport and distribution. In contrast, iontophoresis uses an applied electric current to push charged molecules of drugs inside the skin, effectively enhancing medication absorption. Magnetophoresis uses magnetic fields to drive drug carriers into the dermis, a technology that has shown promise in aiding targeted medication delivery. Thermophoresis is the regulated heating of the skin in order to improve drug absorption, particularly with thermally sensitive drug carriers. Needle-free injection technologies, such as jet injectors (JIs) and microprojection arrays, offer another option by producing temporary small pore sizes in the skin, facilitating painless and effective drug delivery. MNs are a painless, minimally invasive method, easy to self-administration, as well as high drug bioavailability. This study focuses on the underlying processes, current breakthroughs, and limitations connected with all of these approaches, with an emphasis on their applicability in diverse therapeutic areas. Finally, a thorough knowledge of these physical enhancement approaches and their incorporation into pharmaceutical research has the potential to revolutionize drug delivery, providing more efficient and secure treatment choices for a wide range of health-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India.
| | - Abhijit L Zanje
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| | - Jeevan D Somwanshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Savitribai Phule Pune University, At Sahajanandnagar, Post-Shinganapur, Tal-Kopargaon, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 423603, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Lee SS. Current Status of Microneedle Array Technology for Therapeutic Delivery: From Bench to Clinic. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00961-2. [PMID: 37987985 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microneedle (MN) patches have emerged as an alternative technology for transdermal delivery of various drugs, therapeutics proteins, and vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the status of MN-based therapeutics. The article aims to illustrate the current status of microneedle array technology for therapeutic delivery through a comprehensive review. However, the PubMed search was performed to understand the MN's therapeutics delivery status. At the same time, the search shows the number no of publications on MN is increasing (63). The search was performed with the keywords "Coated microneedle," "Hollow microneedle," "Dissolvable microneedle," and "Hydrogel microneedle," which also shows increasing trend. Similarly, the article highlighted the application of different microneedle arrays for treating different diseases. The article also illustrated the current status of different phases of MN-based therapeutics clinical trials. It discusses the delivery of different therapeutic molecules, such as drug molecule delivery, using microneedle array technology. The approach mainly discusses the delivery of different therapeutic molecules. The leading pharmaceutical companies that produce the microneedle array for therapeutic purposes have also been discussed. Finally, we discussed the limitations and future prospects of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha, 756020, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wan W, Li Y, Wang J, Jin Z, Xin W, Kang L, Wang J, Li X, Cao Y, Yang H, Wang J, Gao S. PLGA Nanoparticle-Based Dissolving Microneedle Vaccine of Clostridium perfringens ε Toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:461. [PMID: 37505730 PMCID: PMC10467084 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (ETX) is an exotoxin produced by type B and D Clostridium perfringens that causes enterotoxemia or necrotic enteritis in animals such as goats, sheep, and cattle. Vaccination is a key method in preventing such diseases. In this study, we developed a new type of dissolving microneedle patch (dMN) with a nanoparticle adjuvant for enhanced immune response to deliver the rETXY196E-C protein vaccine. We chose FDA-approved poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to prepare nanospheres as the vaccine adjuvant and introduced dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) to make the surface of PLGA nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) positively charged for antigen adsorption. PLGA NPs with a diameter of 100~200 nm, a surface ZETA potential of approximately +40 mV, and good safety were successfully prepared and could effectively adsorb rETXY196E-C protein. Using non-toxic and antibacterial fish gelatin as the microneedle (MN) matrix, we prepared a PLGA-DDAB dMN vaccine with good mechanical properties that successfully penetrated the skin. After immunization of subcutaneous (SC) and dMN, antibody titers of the PLGA and Al adjuvant groups were similar in both two immune ways. However, in vivo neutralization experiments showed that the dMN vaccines had a better protective effect. When challenged with 100 × LD50 GST-ETX, the survival rate of the MN group was 100%, while that of the SC Al group was 80%. However, a 100% protective effect was achieved in both immunization methods using PLGA NPs. In vitro neutralization experiments showed that the serum antibodies from the dMN and SC PLGA NPs groups both protect naive mice from 10 × LD50 GST-ETX attack after being diluted 20 times and could also protect MDCK cells from 20 × CT50 GST-ETX attack. In conclusion, the PLGA-DDAB dMN vaccine we prepared has good mechanical properties, immunogenicity, and protection, and can effectively prevent ETX poisoning. This provides a better way of delivering protein vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhiying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Wenwen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Junhong Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China;
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yakun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Beijing Noninvasion Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 101111, China;
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (W.W.); (Y.L.); (J.W.); (Z.J.); (W.X.); (L.K.); (X.L.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choi Y, Lee GS, Li S, Lee JW, Mixson-Hayden T, Woo J, Xia D, Prausnitz MR, Kamili S, Purdy MA, Tohme RA. Hepatitis B vaccine delivered by microneedle patch: Immunogenicity in mice and rhesus macaques. Vaccine 2023; 41:3663-3672. [PMID: 37179166 PMCID: PMC10961677 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against hepatitis B using a dissolving microneedle patch (dMNP) could increase access to the birth dose by reducing expertise needed for vaccine administration, refrigerated storage, and safe disposal of biohazardous sharps waste. In this study, we developed a dMNP to administer hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adjuvant-free monovalent vaccine (AFV) at doses of 5 µg, 10 µg, and 20 µg, and compared its immunogenicity to vaccination with 10 µg of standard monovalent HBsAg delivered by intramuscular (IM) injection either in an AFV format or as aluminum-adjuvanted vaccine (AAV). Vaccination was performed on a three dose schedule of 0, 3, and 9 weeks in mice and 0, 4, and 24 weeks in rhesus macaques. Vaccination by dMNP induced protective levels of anti-HBs antibody responses (≥10 mIU/ml) in mice and rhesus macaques at all three HBsAg doses studied. HBsAg delivered by dMNP induced higher anti-HBsAg antibody (anti-HBs) responses than the 10 µg IM AFV, but lower responses than 10 µg IM AAV, in mice and rhesus macaques. HBsAg-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were detected in all vaccine groups. Furthermore, we analyzed differential gene expression profiles related to each vaccine delivery group and found that tissue stress, T cell receptor signaling, and NFκB signaling pathways were activated in all groups. These results suggest that HBsAg delivered by dMNP, IM AFV, and IM AAV have similar signaling pathways to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. We further demonstrated that dMNP was stable at room temperature (20 °C-25 °C) for 6 months, maintaining 67 ± 6 % HBsAg potency. This study provides evidence that delivery of 10 µg (birth dose) AFV by dMNP induced protective levels of antibody responses in mice and rhesus macaques. The dMNPs developed in this study could be used to improve hepatitis B birth dose vaccination coverage levels in resource limited regions to achieve and maintain hepatitis B elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Grace Sanghee Lee
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tonya Mixson-Hayden
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jungreem Woo
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dengning Xia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Saleem Kamili
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michael A Purdy
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Rania A Tohme
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Global Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng YX, Hu H, Wong YY, Yao X, He ML. Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051349. [PMID: 37242591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. Examples include people in rural areas with restricted vaccine storage facilities and medical professionals, elderly and disabled people with limited mobility, infants and young children afraid of pain. Currently, in the late stage of fighting against COVID-19, the main task is to increase the coverage of vaccines, especially for special populations. To address this challenge, microneedle-based vaccines have great potential to increase global vaccination rates and save many lives. This review describes the current progress of microneedles as a vaccine delivery system and its prospects in achieving mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518071, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng X, Zhu J, Zheng C, Tan Z, Ji Z, Tao J, Zhao Y, Ji Z, Hu Y. Dissolving Microneedle Arrays as a Hepatitis B Vaccine Delivery System Adjuvanted by APC-Targeted Poly (Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:42. [PMID: 36697935 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a new hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) delivery system by coating soluble microneedle arrays with mannose-modified PLGA nanoparticles (MNPs). MNPs of different sizes were synthesized. The effects these nanoparticles on the maturation of dendritic cells were studied by flow cytometry. HBsAg-containing MNPs (HBsAg/MNPs) of the appropriate sizes were coated into water-soluble microneedle arrays. The in vitro characteristics of microneedles arrays and the immune responses after subcutaneous administration in mice were studied. The results showed that PLGA nanoparticles with an average size of about 800 nm showed the most significant effects in stimulating the maturation of dendritic cells. In the water-soluble microneedle array, the targeted PLGA nanoparticles containing HBsAg were distributed discretely with a maximum distribution height of about 280 μm with a drug load of 0.98 ± 0.05 μg/mg. The drug-containing microneedle arrays exhibited excellent mechanical properties and improved biosafety. The results of immune responses in vivo showed that the subcutaneous administration of the microneedle arrays induced the proliferation of splenocyte, secreted specific IL-12 and IFN-γ, and promote the production of IgG in mice. This study verifies the feasibility of soluble composited microneedles administration in hepatitis B immunization, and provides new ideas for the development and application of non-injectable vaccine delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zheng
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiahuan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315000, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zeng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jin Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Yunchun Zhao
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhuwa Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choo JJY, McMillan CLD, Young PR, Muller DA. Microarray patches: scratching the surface of vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:937-955. [PMID: 37846657 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2270598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for vaccine delivery, with numerous advantages over traditional needle and syringe methods. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of MAPs in inducing robust immune responses over traditional needle and syringe methods, with extensive studies using vaccines targeted against different pathogens in various animal models. Critically, the clinical trials have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and patient acceptance for MAP-based vaccines against influenza, measles, rubella, and SARS-CoV-2. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of microarray patches (MAPs) and analyses of their applications in preclinical and clinical vaccine delivery settings. This review also covers additional considerations for microneedle-based vaccination, including adjuvants that are compatible with MAPs, patient safety and factors for global vaccination campaigns. EXPERT OPINION MAP vaccine delivery can potentially be a game-changer for vaccine distribution and coverage in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. For MAPs to reach this full potential, many critical hurdles must be overcome, such as large-scale production, regulatory compliance, and adoption by global health authorities. However, given the considerable strides made in recent years by MAP developers, it may be possible to see the first MAP-based vaccines in use within the next 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adigweme I, Akpalu E, Yisa M, Donkor S, Jarju LB, Danso B, Mendy A, Jeffries D, Njie A, Bruce A, Royals M, Goodson JL, Prausnitz MR, McAllister D, Rota PA, Henry S, Clarke E. Study protocol for a phase 1/2, single-centre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, active-controlled, age de-escalation trial to assess the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a measles and rubella vaccine delivered by a microneedle patch in healthy adults (18 to 40 years), measles and rubella vaccine-primed toddlers (15 to 18 months) and measles and rubella vaccine-naïve infants (9 to 10 months) in The Gambia [Measles and Rubella Vaccine Microneedle Patch Phase 1/2 Age De-escalation Trial]. Trials 2022; 23:775. [PMID: 36104719 PMCID: PMC9472726 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strategies to increase measles and rubella vaccine coverage, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are needed if elimination goals are to be achieved. With this regard, measles and rubella vaccine microneedle patches (MRV-MNP), in which the vaccine is embedded in dissolving microneedles, offer several potential advantages over subcutaneous delivery. These include ease of administration, increased thermostability, an absence of sharps waste, reduced overall costs and pain-free administration. This trial will provide the first clinical trial data on MRV-MNP use and the first clinical vaccine trial of MNP technology in children and infants. METHODS This is a phase 1/2, randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, age de-escalation trial. Based on the defined eligibility criteria for the trial, including screening laboratory investigations, 45 adults [18-40 years] followed by 120 toddlers [15-18 months] and 120 infants [9-10 months] will be enrolled in series. To allow double-blinding, participants will receive either the MRV-MNP and a placebo (0.9% sodium chloride) subcutaneous (SC) injection or a placebo MNP and the MRV by SC injection (MRV-SC). Local and systemic adverse event data will be collected for 14 days following study product administration. Safety laboratories will be repeated on day 7 and, in the adult cohort alone, on day 14. Unsolicited adverse events including serious adverse events will be collected until the final study visit for each participant on day 180. Measles and rubella serum neutralizing antibodies will be measured at baseline, on day 42 and on day 180. Cohort progression will be dependent on review of the unblinded safety data by an independent data monitoring committee. DISCUSSION This trial will provide the first clinical data on the use of a MNP to deliver the MRV and the first data on the use of MNPs in a paediatric population. It will guide future product development decisions for what may be a key technology for future measles and rubella elimination. TRIAL REGISTRATION Pan-African Clinical Trials Registry 202008836432905 . CLINICALTRIALS gov NCT04394689.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Adigweme
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Edem Akpalu
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Mohammed Yisa
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Simon Donkor
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Lamin B Jarju
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Baba Danso
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Anthony Mendy
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - David Jeffries
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Njie
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Andrew Bruce
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Michael Royals
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - James L Goodson
- Accelerated Disease Control Branch, Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Devin McAllister
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sebastien Henry
- Micron Biomedical, Inc, 311 Ferst Dr, NW, Suite L1309, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ed Clarke
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, PO Box 273, Banjul, The Gambia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Microneedle patch tattoos. iScience 2022; 25:105014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Bajwa IK, Kaur N, Dsouza JM, Mathew JL. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of intradermal delivery of vaccines through microneedle(s) in human beings: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2022; 11:170. [PMID: 35964062 PMCID: PMC9375374 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microneedles are defined as micron-sized projections with an insertion length ranging from 20 to 1500 μm and an external diameter up to 300 μm. Medications administered through microneedles diffuse through the deeper layers of the skin, into the systemic circulation, with minimal stimulation of pain-sensitive nerve endings. The rich presence of dendritic cells in the dermis makes microneedle-based vaccine delivery an attractive option. This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal delivery of vaccines using microneedles, in human beings. METHODS We will search the following databases for studies reporting the efficacy and/or safety of intradermal delivery of vaccines using microneedles: Epistemonikos and the Cochrane Library for systematic reviews and MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, LIVIVO, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL databases for primary studies. We will also search grey literature databases and hand search reference lists of relevant studies. We will include randomised and quasi-randomised trials in human beings (any age), using microneedles (any material, length or bore) to deliver vaccines intradermally, wherein outcomes reflecting efficacy, safety, pain responses, participant satisfaction or cost are reported. We will additionally include non-randomised observational studies for long-term safety outcomes that are not reported in trials. Eligibility for inclusion will be independently determined by two reviewers. The risk of bias of the included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 Tool (for randomised trials) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (for other study designs). Data on efficacy and safety will be pooled through meta-analysis (where feasible). We will explore the heterogeneity amongst randomised trials, using the Higgins and Thompson I2 method. We will undertake sensitivity analysis to explore the impact of study quality and subgroup analysis based on the age of participants, length of microneedle and vaccine dosage. The GRADE approach will be used to estimate the confidence in the evidence. RESULTS This is a protocol for a systematic review; hence, there are no results at this stage. DISCUSSION The proposed systematic review will provide evidence on efficacy, safety, pain responses, participant acceptability and cost in human beings (adults and children) for vaccines administered through the intradermal route using microneedles. Since intradermal injections using microneedles are associated with less pain due to their short lengths and narrow bores, we anticipate that delivery of vaccine antigens using this method could be a safe, efficacious and less painful alternative compared with conventional injections using hypodermic needles. The evidence in this review will be useful for policymakers, vaccine manufacturers and healthcare providers to consider this approach for the vaccination of infants and children in routine immunisation programmes. Therefore, we plan to disseminate the review through a peer-reviewed journal publication and will also provide data that cannot be included in the published version to anyone upon reasonable request. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42020213608.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishumeet Kaur Bajwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jeanne M Dsouza
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Joseph L Mathew
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Drug delivery with dissolving microneedles: Skin puncture, its influencing factors and improvement strategies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
14
|
Sartawi Z, Blackshields C, Faisal W. Dissolving microneedles: Applications and growing therapeutic potential. J Control Release 2022; 348:186-205. [PMID: 35662577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles are a rapidly developing method for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic compounds. All types of microneedles, whether solid, hollow, coated, or dissolving function by penetrating the stratum corneum layer of the skin producing a microchannel through which therapeutic agents may be delivered. To date, coated and hollow microneedles have been the most successful, despite suffering from issues such as poor drug loading capabilities and blocked pores. Dissolving microneedles, on the other hand, have superior drug loading as well as other positive attributes that make it an ideal delivery system, including simple methods of fabrication and disposal, and abundantly available materials. Indeed, dissolvable microneedles can even be fabricated entirely from the therapeutic agent itself thus eliminating the requirement for additional excipients. This focused review presents the recent developments and trends of dissolving microneedles as well as potential future directions. The advantages, and disadvantages of dissolving microneedles as well as fabrication materials and methods are discussed. The potential applications of dissolving microneedles as a drug delivery system in different therapeutic areas in both research literature and clinical trials is highlighted. Applications including the delivery of cosmetics, vaccine delivery, diagnosis and monitoring, cancer, pain and inflammation, diabetes, hair and scalp disorders and inflammatory skin diseases are presented. The current trends observed in the microneedle landscape with particular emphasis on contemporary clinical trials and commercial successes as well as barriers impeding microneedle development and commercialisation are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Sartawi
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Waleed Faisal
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rabaan AA, Mutair AA, Alhumaid S, Garout M, Alsubki RA, Alshahrani FS, Alfouzan WA, Alestad JH, Alsaleh AE, Al-Mozaini MA, Koritala T, Alotaibi S, Temsah MH, Akbar A, Ahmad R, Khalid Z, Muhammad J, Ahmed N. Updates on Measles Incidence and Eradication: Emphasis on the Immunological Aspects of Measles Infection. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050680. [PMID: 35630096 PMCID: PMC9147347 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is an RNA virus infectious disease mainly seen in children. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against measles, it remains a health issue in children. Although it is a self-limiting disease, it becomes severe in undernourished and immune-compromised individuals. Measles infection is associated with secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria due to the immunosuppressive effects of the measles virus. Recent reports highlight that measles infection erases the already existing immune memory of various pathogens. This review covers the incidence, pathogenesis, measles variants, clinical presentations, secondary infections, elimination of measles virus on a global scale, and especially the immune responses related to measles infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (N.A.)
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia;
- College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
- School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha A. Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait;
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania 85000, Kuwait
| | - Jeehan H. Alestad
- Immunology and Infectious Microbiology Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK;
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Jabriya 46300, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah E. Alsaleh
- Core Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maha A. Al-Mozaini
- Immunocompromised Host Research Section, Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Thoyaja Koritala
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Mankato, MN 56001, USA;
| | - Sultan Alotaibi
- Molecular Microbiology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan;
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan; (R.A.); (Z.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Zainab Khalid
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan; (R.A.); (Z.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Javed Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan; (R.A.); (Z.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.A.R.); (N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mansoor I, Eassa HA, Mohammed KHA, Abd El-Fattah MA, Abdo MH, Rashad E, Eassa HA, Saleh A, Amin OM, Nounou MI, Ghoneim O. Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivery: Review of an Emerging Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:103. [PMID: 35381906 PMCID: PMC8982652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has produced a great improvement to the global health by decreasing/eradicating many infectious diseases responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Thanks to vaccines, many infections affecting childhood have been greatly decreased or even eradicated (smallpox, measles, and polio). That is why great efforts are made to achieve mass vaccination against COVID-19. However, developed vaccines face many challenges with regard to their safety and stability. Moreover, needle phobia could prevent a significant proportion of the population from receiving vaccines. In this context, microneedles (MNs) could potentially present a solution to address these challenges. MNs represent single dose administration systems that do not need reconstitution or cold-chain storage. Being self-administered, pain-free, and capable of producing superior immunogenicity makes them a more attractive alternative. This review explores microneedles’ types, safety, and efficacy in vaccine delivery. Preclinical and clinical studies for microneedle-based vaccines are discussed and patent examples are included.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rajput A, Kulkarni M, Deshmukh P, Pingale P, Garkal A, Gandhi S, Butani S. A Key Role by Polymers in Microneedle Technology: A New Era. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 47:1713-1732. [PMID: 35332822 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2058531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin serves as the major organ in the targeted transdermal drug delivery system for many compounds. The microneedle acts as a novel technique to deliver drugs across the different layers of the skin, including the major barrier stratum corneum, in an effective manner. A microneedle array patch comprises dozens to hundreds of micron-sized needles with numerous structures and advantages resulting from their special and smart designs. Microneedle approach is much more advanced than conventional transdermal delivery pathways due to several benefits like minimally invasive, painless, self-administrable, and enhanced patient compliance. The microneedles are classified into hollow, solid, coated, dissolving, and hydrogel. Several polymers are used to fabricate microneedle, such as natural, semi-synthetic, synthetic, biodegradable, and swellable polymers. Researchers in the preparation of microneedles also explored the combinations of polymers. The safety of the polymer used in microneedle is a crucial aspect to prevent toxicity in vivo. Thus, this review aims to provide a detailed review of microneedles and mainly focus on the various polymers used in the fabrication of microneedles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune-411038, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhur Kulkarni
- SCES's Indira College of Pharmacy, New Pune Mumbai Highway, Tathwade-411033, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Dr. Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Buldana- 443101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M. S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik-422005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Sahil Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital Butani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-382481, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Innovations in vaccine delivery: increasing access, coverage, and equity and lessons learnt from measles and rubella elimination. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:959-967. [PMID: 35211868 PMCID: PMC8870075 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disease eradication and elimination programs drive innovations based on progress toward measurable objectives, evaluations of new strategies and methods, programmatic experiences, and lessons learned from the field. Following progress toward global measles elimination, reducing measles mortality, and increasing introductions of measles and rubella vaccines to national programs, the measles and rubella immunization program has faced setbacks in recent years. Currently available vaccine delivery methods have complicated logistics and drawbacks that create barriers to vaccination; innovations for easier, more efficient, and safer vaccine delivery are needed. Progress can be accelerated by new technologies like microarray patches (MAPs) that are now widely recognized as a potential new tool for enhancing global immunizations efforts. Clinical trials of measles-rubella vaccine MAPs have begun, and several other vaccine MAPs are in the pre-clinical development pathway. MAPs could significantly contribute to Immunization Agenda 2030 priorities, including reaching zero-dose children; increasing vaccine access, demand, coverage, and equity; and achieving measles and rubella elimination. With strong partnerships between public health agencies and biotechnology companies, translational novel vaccine delivery systems can be developed to help solve public health problems and achieve global health priorities.
Collapse
|
20
|
Trends in Drug- and Vaccine-based Dissolvable Microneedle Materials and Methods of Fabrication. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 173:54-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
21
|
Joyce JC, Collins ML, Rota PA, Prausnitz MR. Thermostability of Measles and Rubella Vaccines in a Microneedle Patch. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021; 4. [PMID: 34926791 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Measles and rubella vaccinations are highly effective at reducing disease prevalence; however, logistic issues related to subcutaneous administration and vaccine wastage limit the extent of vaccination coverage. Microneedle (MN) patches can increase coverage by easing logistics through simplified administration and improved stability. This study demonstrates the thermostability of a bivalent measles and rubella vaccine MN patch. Rubella vaccine stability required pH buffering during drying; potassium phosphate buffer at neutral pH was optimal for both vaccines. Screening 43 excipients for their ability to retain potency during drying and storage yielded sucrose-threonine-potassium phosphate buffer formulation at pH 7.5 as an optimal formulation. MN patches made with this formulation had no significant loss of vaccine titer after one month and remained within a one log10 titer loss cutoff after 3 - 4 months at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C. Finally, these patches were shown to be immunogenic in juvenile rhesus macaques. This work demonstrates the potential for MN patches for measles and rubella vaccination to be removed from the cold chain, which is expected to decrease vaccine cost and wastage, and increase vaccination coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Joyce
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, 314 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Marcus L Collins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Paul A Rota
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Viral Vaccine Preventable Diseases Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, 314 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chung YH, Church D, Koellhoffer EC, Osota E, Shukla S, Rybicki EP, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. Integrating plant molecular farming and materials research for next-generation vaccines. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2021; 7:372-388. [PMID: 34900343 PMCID: PMC8647509 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biologics - medications derived from a biological source - are increasingly used as pharmaceuticals, for example, as vaccines. Biologics are usually produced in bacterial, mammalian or insect cells. Alternatively, plant molecular farming, that is, the manufacture of biologics in plant cells, transgenic plants and algae, offers a cheaper and easily adaptable strategy for the production of biologics, in particular, in low-resource settings. In this Review, we discuss current vaccination challenges, such as cold chain requirements, and highlight how plant molecular farming in combination with advanced materials can be applied to address these challenges. The production of plant viruses and virus-based nanotechnologies in plants enables low-cost and regional fabrication of thermostable vaccines. We also highlight key new vaccine delivery technologies, including microneedle patches and material platforms for intranasal and oral delivery. Finally, we provide an outlook of future possibilities for plant molecular farming of next-generation vaccines and biologics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Derek Church
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward C. Koellhoffer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Osota
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Biomedical Science Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cordeiro AS, Patil-Sen Y, Shivkumar M, Patel R, Khedr A, Elsawy MA. Nanovaccine Delivery Approaches and Advanced Delivery Systems for the Prevention of Viral Infections: From Development to Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2091. [PMID: 34959372 PMCID: PMC8707864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections causing pandemics and chronic diseases are the main culprits implicated in devastating global clinical and socioeconomic impacts, as clearly manifested during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Immunoprophylaxis via mass immunisation with vaccines has been shown to be an efficient strategy to control such viral infections, with the successful and recently accelerated development of different types of vaccines, thanks to the advanced biotechnological techniques involved in the upstream and downstream processing of these products. However, there is still much work to be done for the improvement of efficacy and safety when it comes to the choice of delivery systems, formulations, dosage form and route of administration, which are not only crucial for immunisation effectiveness, but also for vaccine stability, dose frequency, patient convenience and logistics for mass immunisation. In this review, we discuss the main vaccine delivery systems and associated challenges, as well as the recent success in developing nanomaterials-based and advanced delivery systems to tackle these challenges. Manufacturing and regulatory requirements for the development of these systems for successful clinical and marketing authorisation were also considered. Here, we comprehensively review nanovaccines from development to clinical application, which will be relevant to vaccine developers, regulators, and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sara Cordeiro
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (A.S.C.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Yogita Patil-Sen
- Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, National Health Service, Wigan WN6 0SZ, UK;
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (A.S.C.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Ronak Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK;
| | - Abdulwahhab Khedr
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (A.S.C.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Elsawy
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK; (A.S.C.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Developing a Stabilizing Formulation of a Live Chimeric Dengue Virus Vaccine Dry Coated on a High-Density Microarray Patch. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111301. [PMID: 34835234 PMCID: PMC8625757 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative delivery systems such as the high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) are being widely explored due to the variety of benefits they offer over traditional vaccine delivery methods. As vaccines are dry coated onto the HD-MAP, there is a need to ensure the stability of the vaccine in a solid state upon dry down. Other challenges faced are the structural stability during storage as a dried vaccine and during reconstitution upon application into the skin. Using a novel live chimeric virus vaccine candidate, BinJ/DENV2-prME, we explored a panel of pharmaceutical excipients to mitigate vaccine loss during the drying and storage process. This screening identified human serum albumin (HSA) as the lead stabilizing excipient. When bDENV2-coated HD-MAPs were stored at 4 °C for a month, we found complete retention of vaccine potency as assessed by the generation of potent virus-neutralizing antibody responses in mice. We also demonstrated that HD-MAP wear time did not influence vaccine deposition into the skin or the corresponding immunological outcomes. The final candidate formulation with HSA maintained ~100% percentage recovery after 6 months of storage at 4 °C.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cai B, Gong Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Chen W. Microneedle arrays integrated with living organisms for smart biomedical applications. Theranostics 2021; 11:10012-10029. [PMID: 34815801 PMCID: PMC8581439 DOI: 10.7150/thno.66478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various living organisms have proven to influence human health significantly, either in a commensal or pathogenic manner. Harnessing the creatures may remarkably improve human healthcare and cure the intractable illness that is challenged using traditional drugs or surgical approaches. However, issues including limited biocompatibility, poor biosafety, inconvenience for personal handling, and low patient compliance greatly hinder the biomedical and clinical applications of living organisms when adopting them for disease treatment. Microneedle arrays (MNAs), emerging as a promising candidate of biomedical devices with the functional diversity and minimal invasion, have exhibited great potential in the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases, which is expected to improve organism-based therapies. In this review, we systemically summarize the technologies employed for the integration of MNAs with specific living organisms including diverse viruses, bacteria, mammal cells and so on. Moreover, their applications such as vaccination, anti-infection, tumor therapy and tissue repairing are well illustrated. Challenges faced by current strategies, and the perspectives of integrating more living organisms, adopting smarter materials, and developing more advanced technologies in MNAs for future personalized and point-of-care medicine, are also discussed. It is believed that the combination of living organisms with functional MNAs would hold great promise in the near future due to the advantages of both biological and artificial species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yusheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Transdermal vaccination via 3D-printed microneedles induces potent humoral and cellular immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102595118. [PMID: 34551974 PMCID: PMC8488660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102595118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an essential public health measure for infectious disease prevention. The exposure of the immune system to vaccine formulations with the appropriate kinetics is critical for inducing protective immunity. In this work, faceted microneedle arrays were designed and fabricated utilizing a three-dimensional (3D)-printing technique called continuous liquid interface production (CLIP). The faceted microneedle design resulted in increased surface area as compared with the smooth square pyramidal design, ultimately leading to enhanced surface coating of model vaccine components (ovalbumin and CpG). Utilizing fluorescent tags and live-animal imaging, we evaluated in vivo cargo retention and bioavailability in mice as a function of route of delivery. Compared with subcutaneous bolus injection of the soluble components, microneedle transdermal delivery not only resulted in enhanced cargo retention in the skin but also improved immune cell activation in the draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, the microneedle vaccine induced a potent humoral immune response, with higher total IgG (Immunoglobulin G) and a more balanced IgG1/IgG2a repertoire and achieved dose sparing. Furthermore, it elicited T cell responses as characterized by functional cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells secreting Th1 (T helper type 1)-cytokines. Taken together, CLIP 3D-printed microneedles coated with vaccine components provide a useful platform for a noninvasive, self-applicable vaccination.
Collapse
|
28
|
Sully RE, Moore CJ, Garelick H, Loizidou E, Podoleanu AG, Gubala V. Nanomedicines and microneedles: a guide to their analysis and application. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3326-3347. [PMID: 34313266 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00954k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast-advancing progress in the research of nanomedicine and microneedle applications in the past two decades has suggested that the combination of the two concepts could help to overcome some of the challenges we are facing in healthcare. They include poor patient compliance with medication and the lack of appropriate administration forms that enable the optimal dose to reach the target site. Nanoparticles as drug vesicles can protect their cargo and deliver it to the target site, while evading the body's defence mechanisms. Unfortunately, despite intense research on nanomedicine in the past 20 years, we still haven't answered some crucial questions, e.g. about their colloidal stability in solution and their optimal formulation, which makes the translation of this exciting technology from the lab bench to a viable product difficult. Dissolvable microneedles could be an effective way to maintain and stabilise nano-sized formulations, whilst enhancing the ability of nanoparticles to penetrate the stratum corneum barrier. Both concepts have been individually investigated fairly well and many analytical techniques for tracking the fate of nanomaterials with their precious cargo, both in vitro and in vivo, have been established. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive overview of the analytical tools encompassing the concepts of microneedles and nanoparticles with specific and successful examples is missing. In this review, we have attempted to briefly analyse the challenges associated with nanomedicine itself, but crucially we provide an easy-to-navigate scheme of methods, suitable for characterisation and imaging the physico-chemical properties of the material matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Sully
- Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Greenwich and Kent, Anson Building, Central Avenue, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wan Y, Gupta V, Bird C, Pullagurla SR, Fahey P, Forster A, Volkin DB, Joshi SB. Formulation Development and Improved Stability of a Combination Measles and Rubella Live-Viral Vaccine Dried for Use in the Nanopatch TM Microneedle Delivery System. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:2501-2516. [PMID: 33957843 PMCID: PMC8475600 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1887692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles (Me) and rubella (Ru) viral diseases are targeted for elimination by ensuring a high level of vaccination coverage worldwide. Less costly, more convenient MeRu vaccine delivery systems should improve global vaccine coverage, especially in low - and middle - income countries (LMICs). In this work, we examine formulating a live, attenuated Me and Ru combination viral vaccine with Nanopatch™, a solid polymer micro-projection array for intradermal delivery. First, high throughput, qPCR-based viral infectivity and genome assays were established to enable formulation development to stabilize Me and Ru in a scaled-down, custom-built evaporative drying system to mimic the Nanopatch™ vaccine coating process. Second, excipient screening and optimization studies identified virus stabilizers for use during the drying process and upon storage in the dried state. Finally, a series of real-time and accelerated stability studies identified eight candidate formulations that met a target thermal stability criterion for live vaccines (<1 log10 loss after 1 week storage at 37°C). Compared to -80°C control samples, the top candidate formulations resulted in minimal viral infectivity titer losses after storage at 2-8°C for 6 months (i.e., <0.1 log10 for Me, and ~0.4 log10 for Ru). After storage at 25°C over 6 months, ~0.3-0.5 and ~1.0-1.4 log10 titer losses were observed for Me and Ru, respectively, enabling the rank-ordering of the stability of candidate formulations. These results are discussed in the context of future formulation challenges for developing microneedle-based dosage forms containing stabilized live, attenuated viral vaccines for use in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Bird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Swathi R. Pullagurla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Paul Fahey
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Liu T, Chen M, Fu J, Sun Y, Lu C, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Recent advances in microneedles-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2326-2343. [PMID: 34522590 PMCID: PMC8424228 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides have become a significant therapeutic modality for various diseases because of their high potency and specificity. However, the inherent properties of these drugs, such as large molecular weight, poor stability, and conformational flexibility, make them difficult to be formulated and delivered. Injection is the primary route for clinical administration of protein and peptide drugs, which usually leads to poor patient's compliance. As a portable, minimally invasive device, microneedles (MNs) can overcome the skin barrier and generate reversible microchannels for effective macromolecule permeation. In this review, we highlighted the recent advances in MNs-mediated transdermal delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Emphasis was given to the latest development in representative MNs design and fabrication. We also summarize the current application status of MNs-mediated transdermal protein and peptide delivery, especially in the field of infectious disease, diabetes, cancer, and other disease therapy. Finally, the current status of clinical translation and a perspective on future development are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minglong Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jintao Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martínez-Flores D, Zepeda-Cervantes J, Cruz-Reséndiz A, Aguirre-Sampieri S, Sampieri A, Vaca L. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701501. [PMID: 34322129 PMCID: PMC8311925 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China in 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose infection in humans causes mild or severe clinical manifestations that mainly affect the respiratory system. So far, the COVID-19 has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 contains the Spike (S) glycoprotein on its surface, which is the main target for current vaccine development because antibodies directed against this protein can neutralize the infection. Companies and academic institutions have developed vaccines based on the S glycoprotein, as well as its antigenic domains and epitopes, which have been proven effective in generating neutralizing antibodies. However, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants could affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we review the different types of vaccines designed and developed against SARS-CoV-2, placing emphasis on whether they are based on the complete S glycoprotein, its antigenic domains such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or short epitopes within the S glycoprotein. We also review and discuss the possible effectiveness of these vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Flores
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Zepeda-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Cruz-Reséndiz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Aguirre-Sampieri
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica e Ingeniería de Proteínas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alicia Sampieri
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Vaca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Magnesium ascorbyl phosphate loaded in dissolving stiff microneedles containing cellulose nanofiber. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
34
|
Transdermal drug delivery systems for fighting common viral infectious diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1498-1508. [PMID: 34024014 PMCID: PMC8140753 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have many advantages and represent an excellent alternative to oral delivery and hypodermic injections. TDDS are more convenient and less invasive tools for disease and viral infection treatment, prevention, detection, and surveillance. The emerging development of microneedles for TDDS has facilitated improved skin barrier penetration for the delivery of macromolecules or hydrophilic drugs. Microneedle TDDS patches can be fabricated to deliver virus vaccines and potentially provide a viable alternative vaccine modality that offers improved immunogenicity, thermostability, simplicity, safety, and compliance as well as sharp-waste reduction, increased cost-effectiveness, and the capacity for self-administration, which could improve vaccine distribution. These advantages make TDDS-based vaccine delivery an especially well-suited option for treatment of widespread viral infectious diseases including pandemics. Because microneedle-based bioassays employ transdermal extraction of interstitial fluid or blood, they can be used as a minimally invasive approach for surveying disease markers and providing point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. For cutaneous viral infections, TDDS can provide localized treatment with high specificity and less systemic toxicity. In summary, TDDS, especially those that employ microneedles, possess special attributes that can be leveraged to reduce morbidity and mortality from viral infectious diseases. In this regard, they may have considerable positive impact as a modality for improving global health. In this article, we introduce the possible role and summarize the current literature regarding TDDS applications for fighting common cutaneous or systemic viral infectious diseases, including herpes simplex, varicella or herpes zoster, warts, influenza, measles, and COVID-19.
Collapse
|
35
|
Yenkoidiok-Douti L, Barillas-Mury C, Jewell CM. Design of Dissolvable Microneedles for Delivery of a Pfs47-Based Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1854-1862. [PMID: 33616392 PMCID: PMC8113916 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective malaria vaccines remains a global health priority. In addition to an effective vaccine, there is urgent demand for effective delivery technologies that can be easily deployed. The need for effective vaccine delivery tools is particularly pertinent in resource-poor settings where access to healthcare is limited. Microneedles are micron-scale structures that offer distinct advantages for vaccine delivery by efficiently targeting skin-resident immune cells, eliminating injection-associated pain, and improving patient compliance. Here, we developed and characterized a candidate malaria vaccine loaded and deployed using dissolvable microneedle arrays. Of note, a newly indicated human-relevant antigen was employed, Plasmodium falciparum surface protein P47. P47 and a potent toll-like receptor (TLR9) agonist vaccine adjuvant, CpG, were fabricated into microneedles using a gelatin polymer. Protein binding, ELISA, and fluorescence analysis confirmed the molecular structure, and the function of the P47 antigen and CpG was maintained after fabrication, storage, and release from microneedles. In cell culture, the cargo released from the microneedle arrays triggered TLR9 signaling and activated primary dendritic cells at levels similar to native, unincorporated vaccine components. Together, these studies demonstrate the potential of microneedles as an easily deployable strategy for a P47-based malaria vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lampouguin Yenkoidiok-Douti
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Carolina Barillas-Mury
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States
| | - Christopher M. Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Maryland Health Care System 10. N Green Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF-I Suite 380, Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Suite N9E17, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Novel formulations and drug delivery systems to administer biological solids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:183-210. [PMID: 33705873 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in formulation sciences have expanded the previously limited design space for biological modalities, including peptide, protein, and vaccine products. At the same time, the discovery and application of new modalities, such as cellular therapies and gene therapies, have presented formidable challenges to formulation scientists. We explore these challenges and highlight the opportunities to overcome them through the development of novel formulations and drug delivery systems as biological solids. We review the current progress in both industry and academic laboratories, and we provide expert perspectives in those settings. Formulation scientists have made a tremendous effort to accommodate the needs of these novel delivery routes. These include stability-preserving formulations and dehydration processes as well as dosing regimes and dosage forms that improve patient compliance.
Collapse
|
37
|
Moniz T, Costa Lima SA, Reis S. Marine polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118098. [PMID: 34044917 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is considered one of the most attractive routes for administration of pharmaceutic and cosmetic active ingredients due to the numerous advantages, especially over oral and intravenous methodologies. However, some limitations still exist mainly regarding the need to improve the drugs permeation across the skin. For this, several strategies have been described, considering the application of chemical permeation enhancers, drugs' nanoformulations and physical methods. Of these, microneedles have been proposed in the last years as promising strategies to enhance transdermal drug delivery. In this review, different types of microneedles are described, and the most commonly used methods of fabrication systematized, as well as the materials typically used and their main therapeutical applications. A special attention is paid to polymeric microneedles, particularly those made from sustainable marine polysaccharides like chitosan, alginate and hyaluronic acid. The applications of marine based polymeric microneedle devices for transdermal drug delivery are examined in detail and the perspectives of translation from the clinical trials to the market demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Moniz
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Costa Lima
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bilal M, Mehmood S, Raza A, Hayat U, Rasheed T, Iqbal HM. Microneedles in Smart Drug Delivery. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2021; 10:204-219. [PMID: 32320365 PMCID: PMC7906867 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2019.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: In biomedical setup, at large, and drug delivery, in particular, transdermal patches, hypodermal needles, and/or dermatological creams with the topical appliance are among the most widely practiced routes for transdermal drug delivery. Owing to the stratum corneum layer of the skin, traditional drug delivery methods are inefficient, and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. Recent Advances: The current advancement at the microlevel and nanolevel has revolutionized the drug delivery sector. Particularly, various types of microneedles (MNs) are becoming popular for drug delivery applications because of safety, patient compliance, and smart action. Critical Issues: Herein, we reviewed state-of-the-art MNs as a smart and sophisticated drug delivery approach. Following a brief introduction, the drug delivery mechanism of MNs is discussed. Different types of MNs, that is, solid, hollow, coated, dissolving, and hydrogel forming, are discussed with suitable examples. The latter half of the work is focused on the applied perspective and clinical translation of MNs. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives is also included in this review. Future Directions: Regardless of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, the focus should be diverted to enhance the efficacy and strength of MNs. Besides, the possible immune response or interference should also be avoided for successful clinical translation of MNs as an efficient drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Correspondence: Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Raza
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Uzma Hayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:164-186. [PMID: 33539853 PMCID: PMC8060128 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to global health and the global economy. The ongoing race to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, highlights the importance of vaccination to combat infectious pathogens. The highly accessible cutaneous microenvironment is an ideal target for vaccination since the skin harbors a high density of antigen-presenting cells and immune accessory cells with broad innate immune functions. Microarray patches (MAPs) are an attractive intracutaneous biocargo delivery system that enables safe, reproducible, and controlled administration of vaccine components (antigens, with or without adjuvants) to defined skin microenvironments. This review describes the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and relevant antigenic targets for vaccination, summarizes key concepts of skin immunobiology in the context of prophylactic immunization, and presents an overview of MAP-mediated cutaneous vaccine delivery. Concluding remarks on MAP-based skin immunization are provided to contribute to the rational development of safe and effective MAP-delivered vaccines against emerging infectious diseases, including COVID-19.
Collapse
|
40
|
O’Shea J, Prausnitz MR, Rouphael N. Dissolvable Microneedle Patches to Enable Increased Access to Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Future Pandemic Outbreaks. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:320. [PMID: 33915696 PMCID: PMC8066809 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are an essential component of pandemic preparedness but can be limited due to challenges in production and logistical implementation. While vaccine candidates were rapidly developed against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), immunization campaigns remain an obstacle to achieving herd immunity. Dissolvable microneedle patches are advantageous for many possible reasons: improved immunogenicity; dose-sparing effects; expected low manufacturing cost; elimination of sharps; reduction of vaccine wastage; no need for reconstitution; simplified supply chain, with reduction of cold chain supply through increased thermostability; ease of use, reducing the need for healthcare providers; and greater acceptability compared to traditional hypodermic injections. When applied to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and future pandemic outbreaks, microneedle patches have great potential to improve vaccination globally and save many lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse O’Shea
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, 500 Irvin Court, Suite 200, Decatur, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA;
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, 500 Irvin Court, Suite 200, Decatur, Atlanta, GA 30030, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee J, van der Maaden K, Gooris G, O'Mahony C, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra J. Engineering of an automated nano-droplet dispensing system for fabrication of antigen-loaded dissolving microneedle arrays. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120473. [PMID: 33737094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dissolving microneedle arrays (dMNAs) are promising devices for intradermal vaccine delivery. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible fabrication method for dMNAs based on an automated nano-droplet dispensing system that minimizes antigen waste. First, a polymer formulation was selected to dispense sufficiently small droplets (<18 nL) that can enter the microneedle cavities (base diameter 330 µm). Besides, three linear stages were assembled to align the dispenser with the cavities, and a vacuum chamber was designed to fill the cavities with dispensed droplets without entrapped air. Lastly, the dispenser and stages were incorporated to build a fully automated system. To examine the function of dMNAs as a vaccine carrier, ovalbumin was loaded in dMNAs by dispensing a mixture of ovalbumin and polymer formulation, followed by determining the ovalbumin loading and release into the skin. The results demonstrate that functional dMNAs which can deliver antigen into the skin were successfully fabricated via the automatic fabrication system, and hardly any antigen waste was encountered. Compared to the method that centrifuges the mould, it resulted in a 98.5% volume reduction of antigen/polymer solution and a day shorter production time. This system has potential for scale-up of manufacturing to an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Lee
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van der Maaden
- Tumor Immunology Group, Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands; TECO Development GmbH, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Gerrit Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joke Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, P.O. Box 2300, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Microneedle for transdermal drug delivery: current trends and fabrication. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 51:503-517. [PMID: 33686358 PMCID: PMC7931162 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Transdermal delivery has the advantage of bypassing the first-pass effect and allowing sustained release of the drug. However, the drug delivery is limited owing to the barrier created by the stratum corneum. Microneedles are a transdermal drug delivery system that is painless, less invasive, and easy to self-administer, with a high drug bioavailability. Area covered The dose, delivery rate, and efficacy of the drugs can be controlled by the microneedle design and drug formulations. This review introduces the types of microneedles and their design, materials used for fabrication, and manufacturing methods. Additionally, recent biological applications and clinical trials are introduced. Expert opinion With advancements made in formulation technologies, the drug-loading capability of microneedles can be improved. 3D printing and digital technology contribute to the improvement of microneedle fabrication technology. However, regulations regarding the manufacture of microneedle products should be established as soon as possible to promote commercialization.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang XP, Wang BB, Li WX, Fei WM, Cui Y, Guo XD. In vivo safety assessment, biodistribution and toxicology of polyvinyl alcohol microneedles with 160-day uninterruptedly applications in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
44
|
Engineered drug delivery devices to address Global Health challenges. J Control Release 2021; 331:503-514. [PMID: 33516755 PMCID: PMC7842133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a dire need for innovative solutions to address global health needs. Polymeric systems have been shown to provide substantial benefit to all sectors of healthcare, especially for their ability to extend and control drug delivery. Herein, we review polymeric drug delivery devices for vaccines, tuberculosis, and contraception.
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang BL, Zhang XP, Chen BZ, Fei WM, Cui Y, Guo XD. Microneedle-assisted technology for minimally invasive medical sensing. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
The current situation, heavily influenced by the ongoing pandemic, puts vaccines back into the spotlight. However, the conventional and traditional vaccines present disadvantages, particularly related to immunogenicity, stability, and storage of the final product. Often, such products require the maintenance of a “cold chain,” impacting the costs, the availability, and the distribution of vaccines. Here, after a recall of the mode of action of vaccines and the types of vaccines currently available, we analyze the past, present, and future of vaccine formulation. The past focuses on conventional formulations, the present discusses the use of nanoparticles for vaccine delivery and as adjuvants, while the future presents microneedle patches as alternative formulation and administration route. Finally, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of injectable solutions, nanovaccines, and microneedles in terms of efficacy, stability, and patient-friendly design. Different approaches to vaccine formulation development, the conventional vaccine formulations from the past, the current development of lipid nanoparticles as vaccines, and the near future microneedles formulations are discussed in this review. ![]()
Collapse
|
47
|
Korkmaz E, Balmert SC, Carey CD, Erdos G, Falo LD. Emerging skin-targeted drug delivery strategies to engineer immunity: A focus on infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:151-167. [PMID: 32924651 PMCID: PMC9355143 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1823964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious pathogens are global disrupters. Progress in biomedical science and technology has expanded the public health arsenal against infectious diseases. Specifically, vaccination has reduced the burden of infectious pathogens. Engineering systemic immunity by harnessing the cutaneous immune network has been particularly attractive since the skin is an easily accessible immune-responsive organ. Recent advances in skin-targeted drug delivery strategies have enabled safe, patient-friendly, and controlled deployment of vaccines to cutaneous microenvironments for inducing long-lived pathogen-specific immunity to mitigate infectious diseases, including COVID-19. AREAS COVERED This review briefly discusses the basics of cutaneous immunomodulation and provides a concise overview of emerging skin-targeted drug delivery systems that enable safe, minimally invasive, and effective intracutaneous administration of vaccines for engineering systemic immune responses to combat infectious diseases. EXPERT OPINION In-situ engineering of the cutaneous microenvironment using emerging skin-targeted vaccine delivery systems offers remarkable potential to develop diverse immunization strategies against pathogens. Mechanistic studies with standard correlates of vaccine efficacy will be important to compare innovative intracutaneous drug delivery strategies to each other and to existing clinical approaches. Cost-benefit analyses will be necessary for developing effective commercialization strategies. Significant involvement of industry and/or government will be imperative for successfully bringing novel skin-targeted vaccine delivery methods to market for their widespread use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dugam S, Tade R, Dhole R, Nangare S. Emerging era of microneedle array for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications: recent advances and toxicological perspectives. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Microneedles (MNs) are the utmost unique, efficient, and minimally invasive inventions in the pharmaceutical field. Over the past decades, many scientists around the globe have reported MNs cautious because of their superb future in distinct areas. Concerning the wise use of MNs herein, we deal in depth with the present applications of MNs in drug delivery.
Main text
The present review comprises various fabrication materials and methods used for MN synthesis. The article also noted the distinctive advantages of these MNs, which holds huge potential for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The role of MNs in serving as a platform to treat various ailments has been explained accompanied by unusual approaches. The review also inculcates the pharmacokinetics of MNs, which includes permeation, absorption, and bioavailability enhancement. Besides this, the in vitro/in vivo toxicity, biosafety, and marketed product of MNs have been reviewed. We have also discussed the clinical trials and patents on the pharmaceutical applications of MNs in brief.
Conclusion
To sum up, this article gives insight into the MNs and provides a recent advancement in MNs, which pave the pathway for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Graphical abstract
Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of MNs
Collapse
|
49
|
Amani H, Shahbazi MA, D'Amico C, Fontana F, Abbaszadeh S, Santos HA. Microneedles for painless transdermal immunotherapeutic applications. J Control Release 2020; 330:185-217. [PMID: 33340568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has recently garnered plenty of attention to improve the clinical outcomes in the treatment of various diseases. However, owing to the dynamic nature of the immune system, this approach has often been challenged by concerns regarding the lack of adequate long-term responses in patients. The development of microneedles (MNs) has resulted in the improvement and expansion of immuno-reprogramming strategies due to the housing of high accumulation of dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells in the dermis layer of the skin. In addition, MNs possess many outstanding properties, such as the ability for the painless traverse of the stratum corneum, minimal invasiveness, facile fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, convenient administration, and bypassing the first pass metabolism that allows direct translocation of therapeutics into the systematic circulation. These advantages make MNs excellent candidates for the delivery of immunological biomolecules to the dermal antigen-presenting cells in the skin with the aim of vaccinating or treating different diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders, with minimal invasiveness and side effects. This review discusses the recent advances in engineered MNs and tackles limitations relevant to traditional immunotherapy of various hard-to-treat diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Amani
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Carmine D'Amico
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Samin Abbaszadeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Clegg J, Soldaini E, Bagnoli F, McLoughlin RM. Targeting Skin-Resident Memory T Cells via Vaccination to Combat Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Trends Immunol 2020; 42:6-17. [PMID: 33309137 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells are important in adaptive immunity against many infections, rendering these cells attractive potential targets in vaccine development. Genetic and experimental evidence highlights the importance of cellular immunity in protection from Staphylococcus aureus skin infections, yet skin-resident memory T cells are, thus far, an untested component of immunity during such infections. Novel methods of generating and sampling vaccine-induced skin memory T cells are paralleled by discoveries of global, skin-wide immunosurveillance. We propose skin-resident memory CD4+ T cells as a potential missing link in the search for correlates of protection during S. aureus infections. A better appreciation of their phenotypes and functions could accelerate the development of preventive vaccines against this highly virulent and antibiotic-resistant pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Clegg
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; GlaxoSmithKline, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|