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Arunachalam AB. Vaccines Induce Homeostatic Immunity, Generating Several Secondary Benefits. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:396. [PMID: 38675778 PMCID: PMC11053716 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The optimal immune response eliminates invading pathogens, restoring immune equilibrium without inflicting undue harm to the host. However, when a cascade of immunological reactions is triggered, the immune response can sometimes go into overdrive, potentially leading to harmful long-term effects or even death. The immune system is triggered mostly by infections, allergens, or medical interventions such as vaccination. This review examines how these immune triggers differ and why certain infections may dysregulate immune homeostasis, leading to inflammatory or allergic pathology and exacerbation of pre-existing conditions. However, many vaccines generate an optimal immune response and protect against the consequences of pathogen-induced immunological aggressiveness, and from a small number of unrelated pathogens and autoimmune diseases. Here, we propose an "immuno-wave" model describing a vaccine-induced "Goldilocks immunity", which leaves fine imprints of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory milieus, derived from both the innate and the adaptive arms of the immune system, in the body. The resulting balanced, 'quiet alert' state of the immune system may provide a jump-start in the defense against pathogens and any associated pathological inflammatory or allergic responses, allowing vaccines to go above and beyond their call of duty. In closing, we recommend formally investigating and reaping many of the secondary benefits of vaccines with appropriate clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun B Arunachalam
- Analytical Sciences, R&D Sanofi Vaccines, 1 Discovery Dr., Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
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2
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Natrajan MS, Hall JM, Weigand MR, Peng Y, Williams MM, Momin M, Damron FH, Dubey P, Tondella ML, Pawloski LC. Genome-based prediction of cross-protective, HLA-DR-presented epitopes as putative vaccine antigens for multiple Bordetella species. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0352723. [PMID: 38054724 PMCID: PMC10783135 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03527-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pertussis, caused by Bordetella pertussis, can cause debilitating respiratory symptoms, so whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wPVs) were introduced in the 1940s. However, reactogenicity of wPV necessitated the development of acellular pertussis vaccines (aPVs) that were introduced in the 1990s. Since then, until the COVID-19 pandemic began, reported pertussis incidence was increasing, suggesting that aPVs do not induce long-lasting immunity and may not effectively prevent transmission. Additionally, aPVs do not provide protection against other Bordetella species that are observed during outbreaks. The significance of this work is in determining potential new vaccine antigens for multiple Bordetella species that are predicted to elicit long-term immune responses. Genome-based approaches have aided the development of novel vaccines; here, these methods identified Bordetella vaccine candidates that may be cross-protective and predicted to induce strong memory responses. These targets can lead to an improved vaccine with a strong safety profile while also strengthening the longevity of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muktha S. Natrajan
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Laboratory Leadership Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse M. Hall
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael R. Weigand
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Margaret M. Williams
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohamed Momin
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frederick Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Maria Lucia Tondella
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lucia C. Pawloski
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Wawrzeńczyk A, Rawicka E, Napiórkowska-Baran K, Alska E, Bartuzi Z. Cross-reactive aeroallergens – the main cause of food allergy. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2022.2133090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Emilia Rawicka
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewa Alska
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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4
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Ng WH, Liu X, Ling ZL, Santos CNO, Magalhães LS, Kueh AJ, Herold MJ, Taylor A, Freitas JR, Koit S, Wang S, Lloyd AR, Teixeira MM, Merits A, Almeida RP, King NJC, Mahalingam S. FHL1 promotes chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong virus infection and pathogenesis with implications for alphavirus vaccine design. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6605. [PMID: 37884534 PMCID: PMC10603155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause debilitating musculoskeletal diseases affecting millions worldwide. A recent discovery identified the four-and-a-half-LIM domain protein 1 splice variant A (FHL1A) as a crucial host factor interacting with the hypervariable domain (HVD) of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nonstructural protein 3 (nsP3). Here, we show that acute and chronic chikungunya disease in humans correlates with elevated levels of FHL1. We generated FHL1-/- mice, which when infected with CHIKV or o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) displayed reduced arthritis and myositis, fewer immune infiltrates, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine outputs, compared to infected wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, disease signs were comparable in FHL1-/- and WT mice infected with arthritogenic alphaviruses Ross River virus (RRV) or Mayaro virus (MAYV). This aligns with pull-down assay data, which showed the ability of CHIKV and ONNV nsP3 to interact with FHL1, while RRV and MAYV nsP3s did not. We engineered a CHIKV mutant unable to bind FHL1 (CHIKV-ΔFHL1), which was avirulent in vivo. Following inoculation with CHIKV-ΔFHL1, mice were protected from disease upon challenge with CHIKV and ONNV, and viraemia was significantly reduced in RRV- and MAYV-challenged mice. Targeting FHL1-binding as an approach to vaccine design could lead to breakthroughs in mitigating alphaviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Hann Ng
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiang Liu
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Zheng L Ling
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Camilla N O Santos
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Magalhães
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Adam Taylor
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Joseph R Freitas
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra Koit
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sainan Wang
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- Viral Immunology Systems Program, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roque P Almeida
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/EBSERH, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J C King
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Suresh Mahalingam
- Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in Arboviruses, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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5
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Wang Y, Ji W, Li D, Sun T, Zhu P, Li J, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yang H, Chen S, Jin Y, Duan G. Active inoculation with an inactivated Coxsackievirus A2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and protects mice against lethal infection. Vaccine 2023; 41:6470-6482. [PMID: 37718187 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) is one of the causative agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), which poses a great challenge for global public health. However, presently, there are no available commercial vaccines or antivirals to prevent CVA2 infection. Here, we present an inactivated Vero cell-based whole CVA2 vaccine candidate and evaluate its safety and efficacy in this study. Neonatal BALB/c mice were vaccinated at 5 and 7 days old, respectively, and then challenged with either homologous or heterologous strain of CVA2 at a lethal dose at 10 days old. The inactivated whole CVA2 vaccine candidate showed a high protective efficacy. Additionally, our inactivated vaccine stimulated the production of CVA2-specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies in vivo and high titers of neutralization antibodies (NtAbs) in the serum of immunized mice. Maternal immunization with the inactivated CVA2 vaccine provided full protection to pups against lethal infection. Compared with mice inoculated with only alum, the viral loads were decreased, and pathological changes were relieved in tissue samples of immunized mice. Moreover, the transcription levels of some genes related to cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, CXCL-10 etc.) were significantly reduced. The number of immune cells and levels of cytokines in peripheral blood of mice inoculated with only alum were higher than that of immunized mice. It is noteworthy that this vaccine showed a good cross-immunity efficacy against Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) challenge. In conclusion, our findings suggest that this experimental inactivated CVA2 vaccine is a promising component of polyvalent vaccines related to HFMD in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangshan 324100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China; Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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6
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Kim SY, Lee KM, Kim KH. Differences between DNA vaccine and single-cycle viral vaccine in the ability of cross-protection against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Vaccine 2023; 41:5580-5586. [PMID: 37517909 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination procedures can be stressful for fish and can bring severe side effects. Therefore, vaccines that can minimize the number of administrations and maximize cross-protection against multiple serotypes, genotypes, or even different species would be highly advantageous. In the present study, we investigated the cross-protective ability of two types of vaccines - viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) G protein-expressing DNA vaccine and G gene-deleted single-cycle VHSV genotype IVa (rVHSV-ΔG) vaccine - against both VHSV genotype Ia and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The results showed that rainbow trout immunized with VHSV genotype Ia G gene- or IVa G gene-expressing DNA vaccine were significantly protected against VHSV genotype Ia, but were not protected against IHNV. In contrast to the DNA vaccine, the single-cycle VHSV IVa vaccine induced significant protection against not only VHSV Ia but also IHNV. Considering no significant increase in ELISA titer and serum neutralization activity against IHNV in fish immunized with single-cycle VHSV IVa, the protection might be independent of humoral adaptive immunity. The scarcity of cytotoxic T cell epitopes between VHSV and IHNV suggested that the possibility of involvement of cytotoxic T cell-mediated cellular adaptive immunity would be low. The role of trained immunity (innate immune memory) in cross-protection should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lee
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
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7
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Serological Cross-Reactivity in Zoonotic Flaviviral Infections of Medical Importance. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010018. [PMID: 36975365 PMCID: PMC10045537 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are enveloped RNA viruses from the family Flaviviridae that comprise many important human pathogenic arboviruses such as Yellow Fever, Dengue, and Zika viruses. Because they belong to the same genus, these viruses show sequence and structural homology among them, which results in serological cross-reactivity. Upon infection, the immune system produces both species-specific and cross-reactive antibodies, and depending on the virus, in a successive flavivirus infection, cross-reactive antibodies either enhance protection or exacerbate the disease—the latter usually due to antibody-dependent enhancement. These antigenic relationships between different flaviviruses that lead to serological cross-reactivity make them difficult to be identified through serological methods, especially when it comes to successive flavivirus infections. We present here an overview of the main structural, epidemiological, and immunological aspects of flaviviruses, highlighting the role of neutralizing antibodies in fighting viral infections and in the “original antigenic sin” problem. Finally, we draw attention to the importance of developing a rapid serological diagnostic test for flaviviruses with high sensitivity and specificity, especially when considering that cross-reactive immunity can influence the outcome of these infections.
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8
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Djaïleb A, Lavallée É, Parker MF, Cayer MP, Desautels F, de Grandmont MJ, Stuible M, Gervais C, Durocher Y, Trottier S, Boudreau D, Masson JF, Brouard D, Pelletier JN. Assessment of the longitudinal humoral response in non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals at decentralized sites: Outcomes and concordance. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1052424. [PMID: 36741379 PMCID: PMC9895839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, reagent availability was not uniform, and infrastructure had to be urgently adapted to undertake COVID-19 surveillance. Methods Before the validation of centralized testing, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were established independently at two decentralized sites using different reagents and instrumentation. We compared the results of these assays to assess the longitudinal humoral response of SARS-CoV-2-positive (i.e., PCR-confirmed), non-hospitalized individuals with mild to moderate symptoms, who had contracted SARSCoV-2 prior to the appearance of variants of concern in Québec, Canada. Results The two assays exhibited a high degree of concordance to identify seropositive individuals, thus validating the robustness of the methods. The results also confirmed that serum immunoglobulins persist ≥ 6 months post-infection among non-hospitalized adults and that the antibodies elicited by infection cross-reacted with the antigens from P.1 (Gamma) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants of concern. Discussion Together, these results demonstrate that immune surveillance assays can be rapidly and reliably established when centralized testing is not available or not yet validated, allowing for robust immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Djaïleb
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Lavallée
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Megan-Faye Parker
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Départment de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Masson
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Québécois sur les Matériaux Fonctionnels, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Cerveau et l’Apprentissage, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danny Brouard
- Héma‐Québec, Affaires Médicales et Innovation, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joelle N. Pelletier
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- PROTEO, Regroupement Québécois de Recherche sur la Fonction, l’Ingénierie et les Applications des Protéines, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre en Chimie Verte et Catalyse, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Départment de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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Blackwood CB, Mateu-Borrás M, Sen-Kilic E, Pyles GM, Miller SJ, Weaver KL, Witt WT, Huckaby AB, Kang J, Chandler CE, Ernst RK, Heath Damron F, Barbier M. Bordetella pertussis whole cell immunization protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:143. [PMID: 36357402 PMCID: PMC9649022 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole cell vaccines are complex mixtures of antigens, immunogens, and sometimes adjuvants that can trigger potent and protective immune responses. In some instances, such as whole cell Bordetella pertussis vaccination, the immune response to vaccination extends beyond the pathogen the vaccine was intended for and contributes to protection against other clinically significant pathogens. In this study, we describe how B. pertussis whole cell vaccination protects mice against acute pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using ELISA and western blot, we identified that B. pertussis whole cell vaccination induces production of antibodies that bind to lab-adapted and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, regardless of immunization route or adjuvant used. The cross-reactive antigens were identified using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and subsequent immunoblotting. We determined that B. pertussis GroEL and OmpA present in the B. pertussis whole cell vaccine led to production of antibodies against P. aeruginosa GroEL and OprF, respectively. Finally, we showed that recombinant B. pertussis OmpA was sufficient to induce protection against P. aeruginosa acute murine pneumonia. This study highlights the potential for use of B. pertussis OmpA as a vaccine antigen for prevention of P. aeruginosa infection, and the potential of broadly protective antigens for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Blackwood
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Margalida Mateu-Borrás
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Gage M. Pyles
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Sarah Jo Miller
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Kelly L. Weaver
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - William T. Witt
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Annalisa B. Huckaby
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Jason Kang
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Courtney E. Chandler
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland, Baltimore Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Robert K. Ernst
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264University of Maryland, Baltimore Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, 650 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - F. Heath Damron
- grid.268154.c0000 0001 2156 6140West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- West Virginia University Vaccine Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.
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10
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Tobuse AJ, Ang CW, Yeong KY. Modern vaccine development via reverse vaccinology to combat antimicrobial resistance. Life Sci 2022; 302:120660. [PMID: 35642852 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous evolution of bacteria, the global antimicrobial resistance health threat is causing millions of deaths yearly. While depending on antibiotics as a primary treatment has its merits, there are no effective alternatives thus far in the pharmaceutical market against some drug-resistant bacteria. In recent years, vaccinology has become a key topic in scientific research. Combining with the growth of technology, vaccine research is seeing a new light where the process is made faster and more efficient. Although less discussed, bacterial vaccine is a feasible strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. Some vaccines have shown promising results with good efficacy against numerous multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria. In this review, we aim to discuss the findings from studies utilizing reverse vaccinology for vaccine development against some multidrug-resistant bacteria, as well as provide a summary of multi-year bacterial vaccine studies in clinical trials. The advantages of reverse vaccinology in the generation of new bacterial vaccines are also highlighted. Meanwhile, the limitations and future prospects of bacterial vaccine concludes this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Joy Tobuse
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wei Ang
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Acevedo-Villanueva K, Akerele G, Al-Hakeem W, Adams D, Gourapura R, Selvaraj R. Immunization of Broiler Chickens With a Killed Chitosan Nanoparticle Salmonella Vaccine Decreases Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis Load. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920777. [PMID: 35923229 PMCID: PMC9340066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for an oral-killed Salmonella vaccine for broilers. Chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) vaccines can be used to deliver Salmonella antigens orally. We investigated the efficacy of a killed Salmonella CNP vaccine on broilers. CNP vaccine was synthesized using Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) outer membrane and flagella proteins. CNP was stable at acidic conditions by releasing 14% of proteins at pH 5.5. At 17 h post-incubation, the cumulative protein release for CNP was 75% at pH 7.4. Two hundred microliters of PBS with chicken red blood cells incubated with 20 μg/ml CNP released 0% hemoglobin. Three hundred chicks were allocated into 1) Control, 2) Challenge, 3) Vaccine + Challenge. At d1 of age, chicks were spray-vaccinated with PBS or 40 mg CNP. At d7 of age, chicks were orally-vaccinated with PBS or 20 μg CNP/bird. At d14 of age, birds were orally-challenged with PBS or 1 × 107 CFU/bird of S. Enteritidis. The CNP-vaccinated birds had higher antigen-specific IgY/IgA and lymphocyte-proliferation against flagellin (p < 0.05). At 14 days post-infection, CNP-vaccinated birds reversed the loss in gut permeability by 13% (p < 0.05). At 21 days post-infection, the CNP-vaccinated birds decreased S. Enteritidis in the ceca and spleen by 2 Log10 CFU/g, and in the small intestine by 0.6 Log10 CFU/g (p < 0.05). We conclude that the CNP vaccine is a viable alternative to conventional Salmonella poultry vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Acevedo-Villanueva
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gabriel Akerele
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Walid Al-Hakeem
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Daniel Adams
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Renukaradhy Gourapura
- Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ramesh Selvaraj,
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12
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Macià D, Campo JJ, Moncunill G, Jairoce C, Nhabomba AJ, Mpina M, Sorgho H, Dosoo D, Traore O, Kusi KA, Williams NA, Oberai A, Randall A, Sanz H, Valim C, Asante KP, Owusu-Agyei S, Tinto H, Agnandji ST, Kariuki S, Gyan B, Daubenberger C, Mordmüller B, Petrone P, Dobaño C. Strong off-target antibody reactivity to malarial antigens induced by RTS,S/AS01E vaccination is associated with protection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158030. [PMID: 35446785 PMCID: PMC9220828 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasite. Protein microarrays were used to measure levels of IgG against 1000 P. falciparum antigens in 2138 infants (age 6–12 weeks) and children (age 5–17 months) from 6 African sites of the phase III trial, sampled before and at 4 longitudinal visits after vaccination. One month postvaccination, IgG responses to 17% of all probed antigens showed differences between RTS,S/AS01E and comparator vaccination groups, whereas no prevaccination differences were found. A small subset of antigens presented IgG levels reaching 4- to 8-fold increases in the RTS,S/AS01E group, comparable in magnitude to anti-CSP IgG levels (~11-fold increase). They were strongly cross-correlated and correlated with anti-CSP levels, waning similarly over time and reincreasing with the booster dose. Such an intriguing phenomenon may be due to cross-reactivity of anti-CSP antibodies with these antigens. RTS,S/AS01E vaccinees with strong off-target IgG responses had an estimated lower clinical malaria incidence after adjusting for age group, site, and postvaccination anti-CSP levels. RTS,S/AS01E-induced IgG may bind strongly not only to CSP, but also to unrelated malaria antigens, and this seems to either confer, or at least be a marker of, increased protection from clinical malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Macià
- Department of Data Science, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph J Campo
- Department of Malaria, Antigen Discovery Inc., Irving, United States of America
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Department of Malaria, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chenjerai Jairoce
- Department of Malaria, Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Augusto J Nhabomba
- Department of Malaria, Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Manhiça, Mozambique
| | - Maximilian Mpina
- Department of Malaria, Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - David Dosoo
- Laboratory, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Ousmane Traore
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Kwadwo A Kusi
- Department of Electron Microscopy & Histopathology, NMIMR, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Nana Aba Williams
- Department of Malaria, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amit Oberai
- Department of Research, Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, United States of America
| | - Arlo Randall
- Department of Bioinformatics, Antigen Discovery Inc., Irvine, United States of America
| | - Hector Sanz
- Department of Malaria, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clarissa Valim
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chen School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
| | - Kwaku P Asante
- Department of Malaria, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | | | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Selidji T Agnandji
- Department of Clinical Research, Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Spain
| | - Simon Kariuki
- Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centre for Global Health, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Gyan
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Paula Petrone
- Department of Data Science, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Department of Malaria, ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Abstract
In this Comment article, Gregory Poland and Richard Kennedy outline the importance of continued funding and infrastructure support for research into vaccine safety to inform public health decisions and increase public trust in new vaccine technologies.
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14
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Liang CY, Hwang SJ, Lin KC, Li CY, Loh CH, Chan JYH, Wang KY. Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly: a population-based case-crossover study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e050594. [PMID: 35190416 PMCID: PMC8860060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information regarding the effectiveness of influenza vaccines for older adults. Particularly, controlling for healthy senior bias is challenging in observational studies. We aimed to assess the efficacy of influenza vaccination in the elderly while addressing potential healthy senior bias and whether it was related to virus-vaccine strains matching. METHOD To control between-individual confounder, we used a case-crossover study design using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Dataset to analyse the association between influenza vaccination in older adults and the risk of hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Individuals were a 'case' in vaccinated years and a 'control' in unvaccinated years. The study periods were 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 seasons because virus-vaccine strains were matching in 2006/2007 season and unmatching in 2007/2008 season. Older adults were categorised into two groups: admitted for CAP during the pre-vaccination period (Admitted, n=311) and not hospital admitted for CAP (Non-admitted, n=572 432). The outcome was hospitalisation for CAP during the influenza period. Conditional logistic regression assessed influenza vaccine efficacy in reducing CAP. RESULTS Influenza vaccination had no protective effects in Admitted group. However, because of the tiny numbers in Admitted group, we could draw very limited conclusions. Receiving an influenza vaccine significantly prevented CAP in Non-admitted group only during the vaccine-circulating strain-matched year (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.83). In addition, there was no protective effect against CAP hospitalisation among individuals with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score over 2. CONCLUSION Influenza vaccine efficacy was associated with vaccine-circulating strain-matched. When vaccine-circulating strains were all matching, receiving a shot reduced the probability of CAP hospitalisation by 28% in Non-admitted group. However, high comorbidity may reduce the vaccine efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to educate older adults to receive annual influenza vaccination and in combination with non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the risk of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jang Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chia Lin
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hui Loh
- Center for Aging and Health, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - James Yi-Hsin Chan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwua-Yun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Cueno ME, Imai K. Structural Insights on the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern Spike Glycoprotein: A Computational Study With Possible Clinical Implications. Front Genet 2021; 12:773726. [PMID: 34745235 PMCID: PMC8568765 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.773726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been attributed to SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) and, consequently, SARS2 has evolved into multiple SARS2 variants driving subsequent waves of infections. In particular, variants of concern (VOC) were identified to have both increased transmissibility and virulence ascribable to mutational changes occurring within the spike protein resulting to modifications in the protein structural orientation which in-turn may affect viral pathogenesis. However, this was never fully elucidated. Here, we generated spike models of endemic HCoVs (HCoV 229E, HCoV OC43, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1, SARS CoV, MERS CoV), original SARS2, and VOC (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). Model quality check, structural superimposition, and structural comparison based on RMSD values, TM scores, and contact mapping were all performed. We found that: 1) structural comparison between the original SARS2 and VOC whole spike protein model have minor structural differences (TM > 0.98); 2) the whole VOC spike models putatively have higher structural similarity (TM > 0.70) to spike models from endemic HCoVs coming from the same phylogenetic cluster; 3) original SARS2 S1-CTD and S1-NTD models are structurally comparable to VOC S1-CTD (TM = 1.0) and S1-NTD (TM > 0.96); and 4) endemic HCoV S1-CTD and S1-NTD models are structurally comparable to VOC S1-CTD (TM > 0.70) and S1-NTD (TM > 0.70) models belonging to the same phylogenetic cluster. Overall, we propose that structural similarities (possibly ascribable to similar conformational epitopes) may help determine immune cross-reactivity, whereas, structural differences (possibly associated with varying conformational epitopes) may lead to viral infection (either reinfection or breakthrough infection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Infectious diseases pose two main compelling issues. First, the identification of the molecular factors that allow chronic infections, that is, the often completely asymptomatic coexistence of infectious agents with the human host. Second, the definition of the mechanisms that allow the switch from pathogen dormancy to pathologic (re)activation. Furthering previous studies, the present study (1) analyzed the frequency of occurrence of synonymous codons in coding DNA, that is, codon usage, as a genetic tool that rules protein expression; (2) described how human codon usage can inhibit protein expression of infectious agents during latency, so that pathogen genes the codon usage of which does not conform to the human codon usage cannot be translated; and (3) framed human codon usage among the front-line instruments of the innate immunity against infections. In parallel, it was shown that, while genetics can account for the molecular basis of pathogen latency, the changes of the quantitative relationship between codon frequencies and isoaccepting tRNAs during cell proliferation offer a biochemical mechanism that explains the pathogen switching to (re)activation. Immunologically, this study warns that using codon optimization methodologies can (re)activate, potentiate, and immortalize otherwise quiescent, asymptomatic pathogens, thus leading to uncontrollable pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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17
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Saha D, Ota MOC, Pereira P, Buchy P, Badur S. Rotavirus vaccines performance: dynamic interdependence of host, pathogen and environment. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:945-957. [PMID: 34224290 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1951247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As of January 2021, rotavirus vaccination programs have been implemented in 109 countries and their use has resulted in a positive impact on rotavirus-related diarrheal hospitalizations and mortality in children below 5 years of age. Despite these successes, several countries in Africa and Asia where disease burden is high have not yet implemented rotavirus vaccination at all or at a scale sufficient enough to demonstrate impact. This could be, among other reasons, due to poor vaccine coverage and the modest levels of efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccines in these resource-limited settings. AREAS COVERED We review various factors related to the human host (malnutrition, maternally derived antibodies and breastfeeding, genetic factors, blood group, and co-administration with oral polio vaccine), rotavirus pathogen (force of infection, strain diversity and coinfections), and the environment (related to the human microbiome) which reflect complex and interconnected processes leading to diminished vaccine performance in resource-limited settings. EXPERT OPINION Addressing the limiting factors for vaccine efficacy is needed but likely to take a long time to be resolved. An immediate solution is to increase the immunization coverage to higher values generating an overall effect of adequate proportion of protected population to reduce the prevalence of rotavirus disease.
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18
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Haddad-Boubaker S, Othman H, Touati R, Ayouni K, Lakhal M, Ben Mustapha I, Ghedira K, Kharrat M, Triki H. In silico comparative study of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and antigenic proteins in BCG, OPV, MMR and other vaccines: evidence of a possible putative protective effect. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:163. [PMID: 33771096 PMCID: PMC7995392 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pandemic disease that may induce severe pneumonia in humans. In this paper, we investigated the putative implication of 12 vaccines, including BCG, OPV and MMR in the protection against COVID-19. Sequences of the main antigenic proteins in the investigated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 proteins were compared to identify similar patterns. The immunogenic effect of identified segments was, then, assessed using a combination of structural and antigenicity prediction tools. Results A total of 14 highly similar segments were identified in the investigated vaccines. Structural and antigenicity prediction analysis showed that, among the identified patterns, three segments in Hepatitis B, Tetanus, and Measles proteins presented antigenic properties that can induce putative protective effect against COVID-19. Conclusions Our results suggest a possible protective effect of HBV, Tetanus and Measles vaccines against COVID-19, which may explain the variation of the disease severity among regions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04045-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Haddad-Boubaker
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia. .,LR20IPT10 Laboratory of Virus, Host and Vectors, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rabeb Touati
- LR99ES10 Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis (FMT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Ayouni
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,LR20IPT10 Laboratory of Virus, Host and Vectors, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Lakhal
- LR99ES10 Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis (FMT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Mustapha
- LR11-IPT02 Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghedira
- LR16IPT09 Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maher Kharrat
- LR99ES10 Human Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis (FMT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Regional Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles for the EMR, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 13 place Pasteur, BP74 1002 le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,LR20IPT10 Laboratory of Virus, Host and Vectors, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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19
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Cueno ME, Imai K. Structural Comparison of the SARS CoV 2 Spike Protein Relative to Other Human-Infecting Coronaviruses. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:594439. [PMID: 33585502 PMCID: PMC7874069 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.594439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoV) are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses and, historically, there are seven known human-infecting CoVs with varying degrees of virulence. CoV attachment to the host is the first step of viral pathogenesis and mainly relies on the spike glycoprotein located on the viral surface. Among the human-infecting CoVs, only the infection of SARS CoV 2 (SARS2) among humans resulted to a pandemic which would suggest that the protein structural conformation of SARS2 spike protein is distinct as compared to other human-infecting CoVs. Surprisingly, the possible differences and similarities in the protein structural conformation between the various human-infecting CoV spike proteins have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we utilized a computational approach to generate models and analyze the seven human-infecting CoV spike proteins, namely: HCoV 229E, HCoV OC43, HCoV NL63, HCoV HKU1, SARS CoV, MERS CoV, and SARS2. Model quality assessment of all CoV models generated, structural superimposition of the whole protein model and selected S1 domains (S1-CTD and S1-NTD), and structural comparison based on RMSD values, Tm scores, and contact mapping were all performed. We found that the structural orientation of S1-CTD is a potential structural feature associated to both the CoV phylogenetic cluster and lineage. Moreover, we observed that spike models in the same phylogenetic cluster or lineage could potentially have similar protein structure. Additionally, we established that there are potentially three distinct S1-CTD orientation (Pattern I, Pattern II, Pattern III) among the human-infecting CoVs. Furthermore, we postulate that human-infecting CoVs in the same phylogenetic cluster may have similar S1-CTD and S1-NTD structural orientation. Taken together, we propose that the SARS2 spike S1-CTD follows a Pattern III orientation which has a higher degree of similarity with SARS1 and some degree of similarity with both OC43 and HKU1 which coincidentally are in the same phylogenetic cluster and lineage, whereas, the SARS2 spike S1-NTD has some degree of similarity among human-infecting CoVs that are either in the same phylogenetic cluster or lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Edwards CE, Yount BL, Graham RL, Leist SR, Hou YJ, Dinnon KH, Sims AC, Swanstrom J, Gully K, Scobey TD, Cooley MR, Currie CG, Randell SH, Baric RS. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication in primary human cells reveals potential susceptibility to infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26915-26925. [PMID: 33046644 PMCID: PMC7604506 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001046117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic coronaviruses represent an ongoing threat, yet the myriads of circulating animal viruses complicate the identification of higher-risk isolates that threaten human health. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered, highly pathogenic virus that likely evolved from closely related HKU2 bat coronaviruses, circulating in Rhinolophus spp. bats in China and elsewhere. As coronaviruses cause severe economic losses in the pork industry and swine are key intermediate hosts of human disease outbreaks, we synthetically resurrected a recombinant virus (rSADS-CoV) as well as a derivative encoding tomato red fluorescent protein (tRFP) in place of ORF3. rSADS-CoV replicated efficiently in a variety of continuous animal and primate cell lines, including human liver and rectal carcinoma cell lines. Of concern, rSADS-CoV also replicated efficiently in several different primary human lung cell types, as well as primary human intestinal cells. rSADS-CoV did not use human coronavirus ACE-2, DPP4, or CD13 receptors for docking and entry. Contemporary human donor sera neutralized the group I human coronavirus NL63, but not rSADS-CoV, suggesting limited human group I coronavirus cross protective herd immunity. Importantly, remdesivir, a broad-spectrum nucleoside analog that is effective against other group 1 and 2 coronaviruses, efficiently blocked rSADS-CoV replication in vitro. rSADS-CoV demonstrated little, if any, replicative capacity in either immune-competent or immunodeficient mice, indicating a critical need for improved animal models. Efficient growth in primary human lung and intestinal cells implicate SADS-CoV as a potential higher-risk emerging coronavirus pathogen that could negatively impact the global economy and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Boyd L Yount
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Rachel L Graham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yixuan J Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kenneth H Dinnon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Amy C Sims
- Chemical and Biological Signatures Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Jesica Swanstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kendra Gully
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Trevor D Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michelle R Cooley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Caroline G Currie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Scott H Randell
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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21
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Noale M, Trevisan C, Maggi S, Antonelli Incalzi R, Pedone C, Di Bari M, Adorni F, Jesuthasan N, Sojic A, Galli M, Giacomelli A, Molinaro S, Bianchi F, Mastroianni C, Prinelli F, Group OBOTEPICOVIDW. The Association between Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccinations and SARS-Cov-2 Infection: Data from the EPICOVID19 Web-Based Survey. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E471. [PMID: 32842505 PMCID: PMC7565943 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate whether influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are associated with positive nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) testing to detect SARS-CoV-2. Data from the Italian cross-sectional web-based survey (EPICOVID19), based on a self-selection sample of individuals aged ≥18, were considered. The probability of a positive SARS-CoV-2 NPS test result as a function of influenza or anti-pneumococcal vaccination was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression, stratifying analysis by age (<65 years, ≥65 years). From April 2020, 170,731 individuals aged <65 years and 28,097 ≥65 years filled out the EPICOVID19 questionnaire. Influenza and anti-pneumococcal vaccinations were received, respectively, by 16% and 2% of those <65 years, and by 53% and 13% of those ≥65 years. SARS-CoV-2 NPS testing was reported by 6680 participants. Anti-pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations were associated with a decreased probability of a SARS-CoV-2 NPS positive test in the younger participants (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.91; OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.74-0.98; respectively). A significantly lower probability of a positive test result was detected in the individuals ≥65 years who received anti-pneumococcal vaccination (OR = 0.56, 95%CI 0.33-0.95). These results need to be confirmed by further investigations, but they are relevant given the probable coexistence of influenza, bacterial infections, and COVID-19 over the coming autumn-winter season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Noale
- National Research Council-Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Via Vincenzo Maria Gallucci 16, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- National Research Council-Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Via Vincenzo Maria Gallucci 16, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.)
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Maggi
- National Research Council-Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Via Vincenzo Maria Gallucci 16, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Campus of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (R.A.I.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudio Pedone
- Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Campus of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (R.A.I.); (C.P.)
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Geriatric Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Viale Peraccini 18, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Adorni
- National Research Council-Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Epidemiology Unit, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (F.A.); (N.J.); (A.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Nithiya Jesuthasan
- National Research Council-Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Epidemiology Unit, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (F.A.); (N.J.); (A.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Aleksandra Sojic
- National Research Council-Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Epidemiology Unit, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (F.A.); (N.J.); (A.S.); (F.P.)
| | - Massimo Galli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Giacomelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università di Milano, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy; (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Sabrina Molinaro
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology, Epidemiology and Health Research Laboratory, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- National Research Council-Institute of Clinical Physiology, Department of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease registries, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Claudio Mastroianni
- Public Health and Infectious Disease Department, “Sapienza” University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 1, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Federica Prinelli
- National Research Council-Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Epidemiology Unit, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (F.A.); (N.J.); (A.S.); (F.P.)
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