1
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Li Y, Yang R, Yin F, Zhang H, Zhai G, Sun S, Tian B, Zeng Q. Correlation between 146S Antigen Content in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Inactivated Vaccines and Immunogenicity Level and Vaccine Potency Alternative Test Methods. Vet Sci 2024; 11:168. [PMID: 38668435 PMCID: PMC11053669 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between 146S antigen contents in FMD inactivated vaccines and levels of antiviral immunity, this study vaccinated 30 kg pigs with three batches of FMD types O and A bivalent inactivated vaccines. Antibody titers and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion levels were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after primary immunization and on days 14 and 28 following booster immunization to assess associations between 146S contents and both antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels. Furthermore, 30 kg pigs were vaccinated with 46 batches of FMD type O inactivated vaccines and challenged on day 28, after which PD50 values were determined to evaluate the association between 146S content and PD50. The findings suggested that antibody titers and IFN-γ secretion levels at specific time points after immunization were positively associated with 146S contents. Additionally, 146S content showed a positive correlation with PD50, with greater PD50 values recorded for 146S contents ranging from 4.72 to 16.55 µg/dose. This investigation established a significant association between the 146S content in FMD inactivated vaccines and induced immune response against FMDV, thereby emphasizing its critical role in vaccine quality control. The determination of 146S content could serve as a new method for potency testing, offering an alternative to animal challenge tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Ruai Yang
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Fu Yin
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Haisheng Zhang
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhai
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Bo Tian
- China Agricultural Veterinary Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Qiaoying Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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2
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Ekanayaka P, Shin SH, Weeratunga P, Lee H, Kim TH, Chathuranga K, Subasinghe A, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3C Protease Antagonizes Interferon Signaling and C142T Substitution Attenuates the FMD Virus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737031. [PMID: 34867853 PMCID: PMC8639872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
3C protease (3Cpro), a chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease encoded by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), plays an essential role in processing the FMDV P1 polyprotein into individual viral capsid proteins in FMDV replication. Previously, it has been shown that 3Cpro is involved in the blockage of the host type-I interferon (IFN) responses by FMDV. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the protease activity of 3Cpro contributed to the degradation of RIG-I and MDA5, key cytosolic sensors of the type-I IFN signaling cascade in proteasome, lysosome and caspase-independent manner. And also, we examined the degradation ability on RIG-I and MDA5 of wild-type FMDV 3Cpro and FMDV 3Cpro C142T mutant which is known to significantly alter the enzymatic activity of 3Cpro. The results showed that the FMDV 3Cpro C142T mutant dramatically reduce the degradation of RIG-I and MDA5 due to weakened protease activity. Thus, the protease activity of FMDV 3Cpro governs its RIG-I and MDA5 degradation ability and subsequent negative regulation of the type-I IFN signaling. Importantly, FMD viruses harboring 3Cpro C142T mutant showed the moderate attenuation of FMDV in a pig model. In conclusion, our results indicate that a novel mechanism evolved by FMDV 3Cpro to counteract host type-I IFN responses and a rational approach to virus attenuation that could be utilized for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sung Ho Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Prasanna Weeratunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ashan Subasinghe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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3
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Forner M, Cañas-Arranz R, Defaus S, de León P, Rodríguez-Pulido M, Ganges L, Blanco E, Sobrino F, Andreu D. Peptide-Based Vaccines: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, a Paradigm in Animal Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050477. [PMID: 34066901 PMCID: PMC8150788 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the greatest global health achievements, improving the welfare of society by saving lives and substantially reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, few vaccines are fully effective, for reasons ranging from intrinsic limitations to more contingent shortcomings related, e.g., to cold chain transport, handling and storage. In this context, subunit vaccines where the essential antigenic traits (but not the entire pathogen) are presented in rationally designed fashion have emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional ones. In particular, this includes the option of fully synthetic peptide vaccines able to mimic well-defined B- and T-cell epitopes from the infectious agent and to induce protection against it. Although, in general, linear peptides have been associated to low immunogenicity and partial protection, there are several strategies to address such issues. In this review, we report the progress towards the development of peptide-based vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) a highly transmissible, economically devastating animal disease. Starting from preliminary experiments using single linear B-cell epitopes, recent research has led to more complex and successful second-generation vaccines featuring peptide dendrimers containing multiple copies of B- and T-cell epitopes against FMD virus or classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The usefulness of this strategy to prevent other animal and human diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
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4
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Bidart J, Mignaqui A, Kornuta C, Lupi G, Gammella M, Soria I, Galarza R, Ferella A, Cardillo S, Langellotti C, Quattrocchi V, Durocher Y, Wigdorovitz A, Marcipar I, Zamorano P. FMD empty capsids combined with the Immunostant Particle Adjuvant -ISPA or ISA206 induce protective immunity against foot and mouth disease virus. Virus Res 2021; 297:198339. [PMID: 33596405 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) causes economy losses and is controlled by vaccination in many countries. Vaccine formulations based on empty capsids or Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have the advantage of avoiding the biological hazard of using infectious FMDV, albeit are poorly immunogenic. Recently, we have described that ISPA a new Immune Stimulating Complex adjuvant, is useful to improve the response against FMD of vaccines that use inactivated virus. Now, the adjuvant effects of ISPA and ISA 206 (water/oil/water) on a VLPs-based FMD vaccine were evaluated. VLPs (strain A/Argentina/2001) were obtained in mammalian cell cultures and their elicitation of an immune response against FMDV with and without ISPA or ISA 206 was evaluated in mice as a first approach. Notably, VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 vaccines induced protection against viral challenge in 100 % of mice, while protection induced by VLPs alone was of 40 %. Total and neutralizing FMDV antibodies were higher in the VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 groups compared to the VLPs group. VLPs-ISPA induced significantly higher (p < 0.001) IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3 titers than the VLPs vaccine. Moreover, in comparison with non-adjuvanted VLPs, VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 elicited an increased virus-specific T response, including higher IFNγ+/CD8 + lymphocyte production in mice. When these vaccines were tested in calves, antibody titers reached an Expected Percentage of Protection (EPP) above 90 % in the case of the VLPs-ISPA and VLPs-ISA 206 vaccines, while, in the VLPs group, EPP reached 25 %. IFNγ levels secreted by mononuclear cells of VLP-ISPA-vaccinated cattle were significantly higher than in the VLPs group. Overall, the results demonstrate that VLPs-ISPA or VLPs-ISA 206 are promising formulations for the development of a novel FMD vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bidart
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Mignaqui
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche, IFAB, INTA - CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - C Kornuta
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Lupi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Gammella
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - I Soria
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - R Galarza
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - A Ferella
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - S Cardillo
- Biogenesis Bago SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Y Durocher
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Wigdorovitz
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - I Marcipar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - P Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Ekanayaka P, Lee SY, Herath TUB, Kim JH, Kim TH, Lee H, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 target the MAVS to inhibit type-I interferon signaling and VP1 E83K mutation results in virus attenuation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009057. [PMID: 33232374 PMCID: PMC7723281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VP1, a pivotal capsid protein encoded by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), plays an important role in receptor-mediated attachment and humoral immune responses. Previous studies show that amino acid changes in the VP1 protein of cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV alter the properties of the virus. In addition, FMDV VP1 modulates host IFN signal transduction. Here, we examined the ability of cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K) and wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) to evade host immunity by blocking mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) mediated cellular innate responses. Wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) interacted specifically with C-terminal TRAF3-binding site within MAVS and this interaction inhibited binding of TRAF3 to MAVS, thereby suppressing interferon-mediated responses. This was not observed for cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K). Finally, chimeric FMDV harboring VP1(83K) showed very low pathogenicity in pigs. Collectively, these data highlight a critical role of VP1 with respect to suppression of type-I IFN pathway and attenuation of FMDV by the E83K mutation in VP1. Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causes huge economic losses. To generate a FMD vaccine, cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV that show improved growth properties and allow repeated passage are needed. Generally, adaptation of field-isolated FMDV is accompanied by changes in viral properties, including amino acid mutations. A VP1 E83K mutation in cell culture-adapted FMDV was identified previously; here, we examined the impact of VP1 E83K on virus pathogenicity and type-I IFN pathway. Cell culture-adapted FMDV O1 Manisa, and highly virulent strain of O/Andong/SKR/2010, acquired the E83K mutation in the VP1 protein, which attenuated the virus via disposing VP1 mediate negative regulation ability of host cellular IFN responses. The data suggest a rational approach to viral propagation in cell culture and virus attenuation, which could be utilized for future development of FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.,FVC, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U B Herath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Bidart J, Kornuta C, Gammella M, Gnazzo V, Soria I, Langellotti C, Mongini C, Galarza R, Calvinho L, Lupi G, Quattrocchi V, Marcipar I, Zamorano P. A New Cage-Like Particle Adjuvant Enhances Protection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:396. [PMID: 32851000 PMCID: PMC7411152 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease that causes important economy losses. Vaccines with new low-cost adjuvants that stimulate protective immune responses are needed and can be assayed in a mouse model to predict their effectiveness in cattle. Immunostimulant Particle Adjuvant (ISPA), also known as cage-like particle adjuvant, consisting of lipid boxes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, sterylamine, alpha-tocopherol, and QuilA saponin, was shown to enhance protection of a recombinant vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi in a mouse model. Thus, in the present work, we studied the effects on the magnitude and type of immunity elicited in mice and cattle in response to a vaccine based on inactivated FMD virus (iFMDV) formulated with ISPA. It was demonstrated that iFMDV–ISPA induced protection in mice against challenge and elicited a specific antibody response in sera, characterized by a balanced Th1/Th2 profile. In cattle, the antibody titers reached corresponded to an expected percentage of protection (EPP) higher than 80%. EPP calculates the probability that livestock would be protected against a 10,000 bovine infectious doses challenge after vaccination. Moreover, in comparison with the non-adjuvanted iFMDV vaccine, iFMDV–ISPA elicited an increased specific T-cell response against the virus, including higher interferon gamma (IFNγ)+/CD8+ lymphocyte production in cattle. In this work, we report for first time that an inactivated FMDV serotype A vaccine adjuvanted with ISPA is capable of inducing protection against challenge in a murine model and of improving the specific immune responses against the virus in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bidart
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Kornuta
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Gammella
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Victoria Gnazzo
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mongini
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Galarza
- Agencia de Extensión Rural Chascomus, INTA, Chascomus, Argentina
| | - Luis Calvinho
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, INTA, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Ivan Marcipar
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas-IVIT, CICVyA, INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Chen H, Li X, Qian P. A ferritin nanoparticle vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease virus elicited partial protection in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:5647-5652. [PMID: 32624251 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious infectious disease common in cloven-hoofed animals. Outbreaks and epidemics of FMD can result in major economic losses of livestock. Using ferritin nanoparticles as the scaffold for an antigen can enhance the immunogenicity of the subunit vaccine and provide possible protection against FMD. We used a baculovirus expression system to express four recombinant proteins (VP1, VP1-Ft, G-H loop-Ft, and ferritin) and the protective immunity of the FMD ferritin nanoparticle vaccines was evaluated in mice. The recombinant subunit vaccines containing VP1, VP1-Ft, and G-H loop-Ft proteins significantly increased FMDV-specific IgG and IgG subclass antibody titers compared with the PBS group, as well as enhancing splenocyte proliferation and the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ. The VP1 and VP1-Ft vaccines provided survival rates of 55.6% and 66.7%, respectively. The G-H loop-Ft vaccine provided a 77.8% survival rate compared with 100% survival in the inactivated vaccine group. The partial survival provided by the ferritin nanoparticle vaccines indicated that further study of the effects of the fused ferritin nanoparticle FMDV vaccines in animals is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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8
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Zheng H, Pan L, Lv J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Hu W, Liu X, Zhou P, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Comparison of immune responses in guinea pigs by intranasal delivery with different nanoparticles-loaded FMDV DNA vaccine. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104061. [PMID: 32061916 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To compare different nanoparticle-based nasal vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), chitosan (CS)-coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) (CS/PLGA-NPs) and amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Am/MSNs) loaded with FMDV recombinant plasmid (pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs and pP12A3C/IFN-Am/MS-NPs) were used to induce mucosal and systemic immune responses in guinea pigs via intranasal delivery. Simultaneously, CpG oligodeoxy nucleotides (ODNs) as a vaccine adjuvant were encapsulated in chitosan-coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (CpG-CS/PLGA-NPs). The pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs and CpG-CS/PLGA-NPs generated displayed good morphology, high stability, mean diameters of 500 and 400 nm and encapsulation efficiencies of 83.8% and 88.4%, respectively. Data from the in vitro release assay showed that plasmid and CpG were sustainably released from nanoparticles (up to 66.73% and 64%, respectively, of the total amount loaded). Guinea pigs immunized with pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs + CpG-CS/PLGA-NPs showed markedly higher mucosal, cellular and humoral immune responses than those administered pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs or naked plasmid vaccine alone. FMDV-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies in nasal washes were initially detected at 3 days post-vaccination with CS/PLGA-NPs loaded with plasmid. Guinea pigs immunized with pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs also displayed higher cellular and humoral immune responses than pP12A3C-CS/PLGA-NPs and naked plasmid vaccine alone. FMDV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in serum were initially detected at 5 days post-vaccination (intramuscularly) with the naked plasmid. Finally, challenge experiments 42 days post-vaccine revealed 100% protection in guinea pigs immunized with pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs + CpG-CS/PLGA-NPs and pP12A3C/IFN-CS/PLGA-NPs. However, plasmid DNA was burst released from pP12A3C/IFN-Am/MS-NPs. Our attempts to use pP12A3C/IFN-Am/MS-NPs to immunize guinea pigs failed to induce immune responses. In conclusion, CpG and IFN-α adjuvant based FMD vaccines elicit protection in guinea pigs. Moreover, CS-coated PLGA NPs present an efficient and safe mucosal immune delivery system for FMDV DNA vaccine. Data from the current study provide a foundation for understanding and further evaluating protective immune responses in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenfa Hu
- Pingdingshan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Henan, 467000, PR China.
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yonglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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9
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Cellular DNAJA3, a Novel VP1-Interacting Protein, Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Inducing Lysosomal Degradation of VP1 and Attenuating Its Antagonistic Role in the Beta Interferon Signaling Pathway. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00588-19. [PMID: 30996089 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00588-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A3 (DNAJA3) plays an important role in viral infections. However, the role of DNAJA3 in replication of foot-and-mouth-disease virus (FMDV) remains unknown. In this study, DNAJA3, a novel binding partner of VP1, was identified using yeast two-hybrid screening. The DNAJA3-VP1 interaction was further confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization in FMDV-infected cells. The J domain of DNAJA3 (amino acids 1 to 168) and the lysine at position 208 (K208) of VP1 were shown to be critical for the DNAJA3-VP1 interaction. Overexpression of DNAJA3 dramatically dampened FMDV replication, whereas loss of function of DNAJA3 elicited opposing effects against FMDV replication. Mechanistical study demonstrated that K208 of VP1 was critical for reducing virus titer caused by DNAJA3 using K208A mutant virus. DNAJA3 induced lysosomal degradation of VP1 by interacting with LC3 to enhance the activation of lysosomal pathway. Meanwhile, we discovered that VP1 suppressed the beta interferon (IFN-β) signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. This inhibitory effect was considerably boosted in DNAJA3-knockout cells. In contrast, overexpression of DNAJA3 markedly attenuated VP1-mediated suppression on the IFN-β signaling pathway. Poly(I⋅C)-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 was also decreased in DNAJA3-knockout cells compared to that in the DNAJA3-WT cells. In conclusion, our study described a novel role for DNAJA3 in the host's antiviral response by inducing the lysosomal degradation of VP1 and attenuating the VP1-induced suppressive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway.IMPORTANCE This study pioneeringly determined the antiviral role of DNAJA3 in FMDV. DNAJA3 was found to interact with FMDV VP1 and trigger its degradation via the lysosomal pathway. In addition, this study is also the first to clarify the mechanism by which VP1 suppressed IFN-β signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Moreover, DNAJA3 significantly abrogated VP1-induced inhibitive effect on the IFN-β signaling pathway. These data suggested that DNAJA3 plays an important antiviral role against FMDV by both degrading VP1 and restoring of IFN-β signaling pathway.
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Jiao Y, Kim IH. Effects of nucleotide supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune blood profiles related to foot-and-mouth disease in vaccinated growing pigs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2018-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 6 wk trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of nucleotide supplementation in improving performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune blood profiles so as to reduce foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine stress in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 25.76 ± 1.83 kg were used. Pigs were allocated to one of three treatments (eight pens per treatment; three barrows and two gilts per pen) based on BW and sex. Pigs were injected with FMD vaccine at 84 d of age (2 wk after experiment started). Dietary treatments consisted of (1) CON: corn–soybean-meal-based diet, (2) NUC1: CON + 0.5% nucleotide, and (3) NUC2: CON + 1.0% nucleotide. In the current study, the growth performance of gain:feed ratio (G:F), the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly (P < 0.05) increased with the increasing level of nucleotide. After injection, the concentration of cortisol and epinephrine was decreased (P < 0.05) linearly in nucleotide treatments. In conclusion, nucleotide supplementation to FMD vaccinated pigs showed positive effects on improving performance, immune system health, and reducing vaccine stress in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, #29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choognam 330-714, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, #29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choognam 330-714, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, #29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choognam 330-714, Korea
- Department of Animal Resource & Science, Dankook University, #29 Anseodong, Cheonan, Choognam 330-714, Korea
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11
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Yang L, Liu Z, Li J, He K, Kong L, Guo R, Liu W, Gao Y, Zhong J. Association of the expression of Th cytokines with peripheral CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte subsets after vaccination with FMD vaccine in Holstein young sires. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:79-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Chemokine CCL20 plasmid improves protective efficacy of the Montanide ISA™ 206 adjuvanted foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice model. Vaccine 2018; 36:5318-5324. [PMID: 30054161 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the chemokine CCL20, a macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha, for adjuvant potential in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine. Groups of mice were injected intramuscularly with either murine CCL20 DNA or CCL20 protein two days ahead of the immunization with Montanide ISA206 adjuvanted inactivated FMD vaccine and humoral and cellular immune responses were measured in post-vaccinal sera. We demonstrated that the mice immunized with CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine showed earlier and significantly (p < 0.05) higher neutralizing antibody responses compared to the mice vaccinated with CCL20 protein plus FMD vaccine. In fact, CCL20 as a protein did not show any adjuvant effect and the immune responses induced in this group were comparable to that of the mice vaccinated with FMD vaccine alone. All the vaccination groups showed serum IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses; however, the mice vaccinated with CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher IgG1 and IgG2 responses and the responses remained high at all-time points post vaccination, although not always statistically significant. Upon restimulation of the vaccinated splenocytes with the inactivated FMD viral antigen, significantly (p < 0.05) higher IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in culture supernatants were found in animals vaccinated with the CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine, which is indicative of the TH1 type of cellular immunity. On challenge with the homologous FMD virus on 28th day post immunization, CCL20 plasmid plus FMD vaccine showed complete protection (100%) while animals immunized with CCL20 protein plus FMD vaccine or FMD vaccine alone showed 66% protection. In summary, we show that prior injection of CCL20 plasmid improved protective efficacy of the inactivated FMD vaccine and thus offers a valuable strategy to modulate the efficacy and polarization of specific immunity against inactivated vaccines.
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Zhang T, Chen H, Qi L, Zhang J, Wu R, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Transcript Profiling Identifies Early Response Genes against FMDV Infection in PK-15 Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070364. [PMID: 29997306 PMCID: PMC6071144 DOI: 10.3390/v10070364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that results in enormous economic loses worldwide. Although the protection provided by vaccination is limited during early infection, it is recognized as the best method to prevent FMD outbreaks. Furthermore, the mechanism of host early responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection remains unclear. In our study, a pig kidney cell line (PK-15) was used as a cell model to reveal the mechanism of early pig responses to FMDV infection. Four non-treated control and four FMDV-treated PK-15 cells were sequenced with RNA-seq technology, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. The results showed that 1212 DEGs were in the FMDV-infected PK-15 cells, including 914 up-regulated and 298 down-regulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were significantly enriched in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor, toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and the chemokine signaling pathways. To verify the results of the DEGs, 30 immune-related DEGs (19 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) were selected for Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) verification. The results showed that RT-qPCR-measured genes exhibited a similar pattern as the RNA-seq analyses. Based on bioinformatics analysis, during FMDV early infection, we found that a series of cytokines, such as interleukins (IL6), chemokines (CXCL2, CCL20 and CCL4), and transcription factors (ZFP36, FOS, NFKBIA, ZBTB3, ZNF503, ZNF283, dymeclin (DYM), and orthodenticle homeobox 1 (OTX1)) were involved in the battle between FMDV and the host. Combined with their features and functions, we propose inflammation as the main early mechanism by which the host responds to FMDV infection. These data provide an additional panel of candidate genes for deciphering the mechanisms of a host’s early response against FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Haotai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Run Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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14
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Gao FS, Zhai XX, Jiang P, Zhang Q, Gao H, Li ZB, Han Y, Yang J, Zhang ZH. Identification of two novel foot-and-mouth disease virus cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes that can bind six SLA-I proteins. Gene 2018; 653:91-101. [PMID: 29432828 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently available vaccines from inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) only protect animals by inducing neutralizing antibodies. A vaccine that contains cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes to induce strong CTL responses might protect animals more effectively. Herein, we used swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLAI) proteins derived from six different strains of domestic pigs to screen and identify shared FMDV CTL epitopes. Four potential FMDV CTL epitopes (Q01, Q02, AS3, and QA4) were confirmed by mass spectrometry. We also determined the antigenicity of these epitopes to elicit cell-mediated immunoresponse by the ELISPOT and CTL assays. Among the four peptides, Q01 and QA4 were found to bind all six SLA-I proteins with strong affinity and elicit significant activity of CTL (P < 0.01). We conclude that Q01 and QA4 peptides are novel shared epitopes that can be recognized by all six SLA-I molecules on representative CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Shan Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhai
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzou, Gansu 730046, PR China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China
| | - Zi-Bin Li
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China
| | - Zong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, PR China
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15
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Sun P, Zhang S, Qin X, Chang X, Cui X, Li H, Zhang S, Gao H, Wang P, Zhang Z, Luo J, Li Z. Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP2 activates the cellular EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway and induces autophagy via HSPB1. Autophagy 2018; 14:336-346. [PMID: 29166823 PMCID: PMC5902195 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1405187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can result in economical destruction of cloven-hoofed animals. FMDV infection has been reported to induce macroautophagy/autophagy; however, the precise molecular mechanisms of autophagy induction and effect of FMDV capsid protein on autophagy remain unknown. In the present study, we report that FMDV infection induced a complete autophagy process in the natural host cells of FMDV, and inhibition of autophagy significantly decreased FMDV production, suggesting that FMDV-induced autophagy facilitates viral replication. We found that the EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway was activated and the AKT-MTOR signaling pathway was inhibited by FMDV infection. We also observed that ultraviolet (UV)-inactivated FMDV can induce autophagy. Importantly, our work provides the first piece of evidence that expression of FMDV capsid protein VP2 can induce autophagy through the EIF2S1-ATF4-AKT-MTOR cascade, and we found that VP2 interacted with HSPB1 (heat shock protein family B [small] member 1) and activated the EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway, resulting in autophagy and enhanced FMDV replication. In addition, we show that VP2 induced autophagy in a variety of mammalian cell lines and decreased aggregates of a model mutant HTT (huntingtin) polyglutamine expansion protein (HTT103Q). Overall, our results demonstrate that FMDV capsid protein VP2 induces autophagy through interaction with HSPB1 and activation of the EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China.,b Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xiaodong Qin
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xingni Chang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Xiaorui Cui
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Haitao Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Shuaijun Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- b Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Penghua Wang
- c Department of Microbiology and Immunology , New York Medical College, Valhalla , New York , USA
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Jianxun Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture , Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , Gansu , China
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16
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Zhi X, Lv J, Wei Y, Du P, Chang Y, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Wu R, Guo H. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection stimulates innate immune signaling in the mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Can J Microbiol 2017; 64:155-166. [PMID: 29253356 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against invasion by bacterial and viral pathogens. The role of macrophages in innate immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is poorly understood. To determine the mechanism underlying activation of innate immunity after FMDV infection in macrophages, we performed FMDV infection in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and found that FMDV serotype O infection induced a cytopathic effect. We then evaluated the gene expression profile in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells after FMDV infection using systematic microarray analysis. Gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that FMDV promoted expression in a group of genes that are enriched in innate immune response and inflammatory response processes. Further research demonstrated that FMDV serotype O infection enhanced NF-κB, Toll-like, and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways and proteins expression and increased transcription and expression of a series of cytokines and interferons, as proved by qRT-PCR, Western blot, ELISA, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Our study concluded that FMDV infection triggers the innate immune response in macrophages after activation of multiple innate immune pathway receptors and proteins by FMDV serotype O, resulting in activation and secretion of a series of cytokines and interferons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhi
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianliang Lv
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanquan Wei
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Du
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Chang
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,b State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, People's Republic of China.,c College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Wu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 Gansu, People's Republic of China
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Rodríguez Pulido M, Sáiz M. Molecular Mechanisms of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Targeting the Host Antiviral Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:252. [PMID: 28660175 PMCID: PMC5468379 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of an acute vesicular disease affecting pigs, cattle and other domestic, and wild animals worldwide. The aim of the host interferon (IFN) response is to limit viral replication and spread. Detection of the viral genome and products by specialized cellular sensors initiates a signaling cascade that leads to a rapid antiviral response involving the secretion of type I- and type III-IFNs and other antiviral cytokines with antiproliferative and immunomodulatory functions. During co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have acquired strategies to actively counteract host antiviral responses and the balance between innate response and viral antagonism may determine the outcome of disease and pathogenesis. FMDV proteases Lpro and 3C have been found to antagonize the host IFN response by a repertoire of mechanisms. Moreover, the putative role of other viral proteins in IFN antagonism is being recently unveiled, uncovering sophisticated immune evasion strategies different to those reported to date for other members of the Picornaviridae family. Here, we review the interplay between antiviral responses induced by FMDV infection and viral countermeasures to block them. Research on strategies used by viruses to modulate immunity will provide insights into the function of host pathways involved in defense against pathogens and will also lead to development of new therapeutic strategies to fight virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rodríguez Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-UAM)Madrid, Spain
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Li D, Wei J, Yang F, Liu HN, Zhu ZX, Cao WJ, Li S, Liu XT, Zheng HX, Shu HB. Foot-and-mouth disease virus structural protein VP3 degrades Janus kinase 1 to inhibit IFN-γ signal transduction pathways. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:850-60. [PMID: 26901336 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1151584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals that is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). To replicate efficiently in vivo, FMDV has evolved methods to circumvent host antiviral defense mechanisms, including those induced by interferons (IFNs). Previous research has focused on the effect of FMDV L(pro) and 3C(pro) on type I IFNs. In this study, FMDV VP3 was found to inhibit type II IFN signaling pathways. The overexpression of FMDV VP3 inhibited the IFN-γ-triggered phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701 and the subsequent expression of downstream genes. Mechanistically, FMDV VP3 interacted with JAK1/2 and inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation, dimerization and nuclear accumulation of STAT1. FMDV VP3 also disrupted the assembly of the JAK1 complex and degraded JAK1 but not JAK2 via a lysosomal pathway. Taken together, the results reveal a novel mechanism used by which FMDV VP3 counteracts the type II IFN signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Jin Wei
- b Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Fan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hua-Nan Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Wei-Jun Cao
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Shu Li
- b Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiang-Tao Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hai-Xue Zheng
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- b Collaborative Innovation Center for Viral Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Zhang L, Feng X, Jin Y, Ma J, Cai H, Zhang X. Immunoprotective mechanisms in swine within the “grey zone” in antibody response after immunization with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Virus Res 2016; 220:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fu Y, Zhu Z, Chang H, Liu Z, Liu J, Chen H. Comparative transcriptome analyses indicate enhanced cellular protection against FMDV in PK15 cells pretreated with IFN-γ. Gene 2016; 586:206-15. [PMID: 27018244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) can induce a host antiviral response to foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vivo and in vitro. To elucidate the mechanism of IFN-γ anti FMDV infection in host cells, high-throughput RNA sequencing was analyzed for systemic changes in gene expression profiles in PK15 cells infected by FMDV with or without IFN-γ pretreatment. More than 25 million reads, covering 1.2-1.5 Gb, were analyzed from each experiment panel. FMDV challenge altered the transcription of genes involved in positively and negatively regulating cell death or apoptosis; however, the expected immune suppression response was not obvious. IFN-γ pretreatment combined with FMDV infection normalized the increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, the transcription factors required for IFN-γ functioning, STAT1 and IRF1 were up-regulated by IFN-γ pretreatment and stimulated downstream IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These induced ISGs are mainly responsible for antigen processing, antigen presentation or antiviral defense. Interestingly, a synergistic effect on some ISGs, including OAS1, OAS2, MX1, MX2, RIG-I and IFIT1, was observed in the combined treatment compared to the IFN-γ treatment alone. The suggested effects identified by RNA sequencing were consistent with cellular morphology changes and confirmed by related protein markers. This is the first report exploring transcriptome alterations introduced by FMDV infection with or without IFN-γ pretreatment. The identified key host genes that control cell survival in vitro broaden our comprehensive understanding of how IFN-γ inhibits FMDV infection and may shed light on developing improved FMD control approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zesen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Wang Y, Mao Q, Chang H, Wu Y, Pan S, Li Y, Zhang Y. Inability of FMDV replication in equine kidney epithelial cells is independent of integrin αvβ3 and αvβ6. Virology 2016; 492:251-8. [PMID: 27011223 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrins can function as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in epithelium. Horses are believed to be insusceptible to this disease, but the mechanism of resistance remains unclear. To detect whether FMDV can use integrin to attach to equine epithelial, we compared the utilities of αvβ3 and αvβ6 between bovine and equine kidney epithelial cells (KECs). Equine KECs showed almost equal efficiency to those of bovine. Further, the integrin αv, β3, and β6 subunits from bovine and equine were cloned and vectors were transfected into SW480 cells and COS-1 cells alone or together, and virus titers were used to determine the viral replication. In all cases, the virus reproduced successfully. Overall, FMDV can replicate in SW480 cells transfected with equine β3/β6 subunits and COS-1 cells transfected with equine αvβ3/αvβ6 integrins, but not in EKECs. These results indicated that failure of FMDV replication in EKECs was not attributed to integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qingfu Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shaohui Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yanhe Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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22
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Zhang GG, Chen XY, Qian P, Chen HC, Li XM. Immunogenicity of a recombinant Sendai virus expressing the capsid precursor polypeptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Res Vet Sci 2016; 104:181-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Stenfeldt C, Eschbaumer M, Pacheco JM, Rekant SI, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Pathogenesis of Primary Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in the Nasopharynx of Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated Cattle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143666. [PMID: 26599543 PMCID: PMC4658095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A time-course pathogenesis study was performed to compare and contrast primary foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection following simulated-natural (intra-nasopharyngeal) virus exposure of cattle that were non-vaccinated or vaccinated using a recombinant adenovirus-vectored FMDV vaccine. FMDV genome and infectious virus were detected during the initial phase of infection in both categories of animals with consistent predilection for the nasopharyngeal mucosa. A rapid progression of infection with viremia and widespread dissemination of virus occurred in non-vaccinated animals whilst vaccinated cattle were protected from viremia and clinical FMD. Analysis of micro-anatomic distribution of virus during early infection by lasercapture microdissection localized FMDV RNA to follicle-associated epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa in both groups of animals, with concurrent detection of viral genome in nasopharyngeal MALT follicles in vaccinated cattle only. FMDV structural and non-structural proteins were detected in epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa by immunomicroscopy 24 hours after inoculation in both non-vaccinated and vaccinated steers. Co-localization of CD11c+/MHC II+ cells with viral protein occurred early at primary infection sites in vaccinated steers while similar host-virus interactions were observed at later time points in non-vaccinated steers. Additionally, numerous CD8+/CD3- host cells, representing presumptive natural killer cells, were observed in association with foci of primary FMDV infection in the nasopharyngeal mucosa of vaccinated steers but were absent in non-vaccinated steers. Immunomicroscopic evidence of an activated antiviral response at primary infection sites of vaccinated cattle was corroborated by a relative induction of interferon -α, -β, -γ and -λ mRNA in micro-dissected samples of nasopharyngeal mucosa. Although vaccination protected cattle from viremia and clinical FMD, there was subclinical infection of epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa that could enable shedding and long-term persistence of infectious virus. Additionally, these data indicate different mechanisms within the immediate host response to infection between non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Stenfeldt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Michael Eschbaumer
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Pacheco
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Steven I. Rekant
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
| | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Langellotti C, Cesar G, Soria I, Quattrocchi V, Jancic C, Zamorano P, Vermeulen M. Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of dendritic cells triggers phosphorylation of ERK1/2 inducing class I presentation and apoptosis. Vaccine 2015. [PMID: 26212005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This pathology is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Over time, the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of this illness became essential. Vaccines currently used contain the inactivated form of the virus. However, vaccination generates an immune response different to that induced by the infection. We investigated whether these differences are related to intracellular mechanisms on dendritic cells (DCs). As a result, we demonstrated that the internalization of infective virus triggered the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was involved in the activation of caspase-9, the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the delivery of viral peptides on MHC class I molecules. While, inactivated virus (iFMDV) did not affect this pathway or any function mediated by its activation. As described, infectious virus in DCs was also associated to autophagy LC3 protein and was associated to lysosomal protein Lamp-2; contrary to observe for the iFMDV. Strikingly, the processing of viral antigens to accommodate in class I molecules does not appear to involve the proteasome. Finally, this increased presentation promotes a specific cytotoxic response against infectious virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Cesar
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hu S, Qiao J, Fu Q, Chen C, Ni W, Wujiafu S, Ma S, Zhang H, Sheng J, Wang P, Wang D, Huang J, Cao L, Ouyang H. Transgenic shRNA pigs reduce susceptibility to foot and mouth disease virus infection. eLife 2015; 4:e06951. [PMID: 26090904 PMCID: PMC4502569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an economically devastating viral disease leading to a substantial loss to the swine industry worldwide. A novel alternative strategy is to develop pigs that are genetically resistant to infection. Here, we produce transgenic (TG) pigs that constitutively expressed FMDV-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from small hairpin RNA (shRNA). In vitro challenge of TG fibroblasts showed the shRNA suppressed viral growth. TG and non-TG pigs were challenged by intramuscular injection with 100 LD50 of FMDV. High fever, severe clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease and typical histopathological changes were observed in all of the non-TG pigs but in none of the high-siRNA pigs. Our results show that TG shRNA can provide a viable tool for producing animals with enhanced resistance to FMDV. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06951.001 Foot-and-mouth disease regularly causes serious outbreaks in livestock. The virus that causes the disease can infect cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and many species of wild animals; the disease is also highly contagious and spreads very quickly and easily. To control the spread of foot-and-mouth disease, farmers must often kill entire herds of animals that have been exposed. Wild animals that can spread the virus may also be killed in an effort to stop the spread of the disease. Vaccines that protect against foot-and-mouth disease are available and are often used to help prevent the spread of the disease. However, once an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease begins it may be too late for vaccines to stop its spread. This is because the vaccines can take about a week to provide protection, and by that time an exposed animal may already be very ill. Previous work conducted in 2010 reported that mice could be genetically engineered to produce short stretches of RNA molecules that can switch off genes from the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Compared with normal mice infected with the foot-and-mouth disease virus, the genetically engineered mice showed little sign of the disease in their bodies. Now, Hu, Qiao, Fu et al.—including some of the researchers involved in the 2010 work—have genetically engineered pigs in the same way. The experiments show that when cells from these pigs are exposed to the foot-and-mouth disease virus in the laboratory, the virus grows much less than normal. Next, Hu, Qiao, Fu et al. injected genetically engineered pigs and non-genetically engineered pigs with the virus. All of the normal pigs developed severe symptoms very quickly, including the disease's characteristic mouth and foot sores. Additionally, examinations of these pigs' cells showed signs of the disease. But the genetically engineered pigs did not become seriously ill and their cells showed little sign of the disease. Some of the genetically engineered pigs developed a few sores but these sores appeared much later than normal. So far, the results suggest that it may be possible to develop pigs that are resistant to foot-and-mouth disease. Hu, Qiao, Fu et al. will next determine whether or not the genetically engineered pigs can pass the foot-and-mouth virus on to other pigs and livestock. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06951.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Animal Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sai Wujiafu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shiwei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingliang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiong Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Robust Protection against Highly Virulent Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Swine by Combination Treatment with Recombinant Adenoviruses Expressing Porcine Alpha and Gamma Interferons and Multiple Small Interfering RNAs. J Virol 2015; 89:8267-79. [PMID: 26041279 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00766-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because the currently available vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) provide no protection until 4 to 7 days postvaccination, the only alternative method to halt the spread of the FMD virus (FMDV) during outbreaks is the application of antiviral agents. Combination treatment strategies have been used to enhance the efficacy of antiviral agents, and such strategies may be advantageous in overcoming viral mechanisms of resistance to antiviral treatments. We have developed recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) for the simultaneous expression of porcine alpha and gamma interferons (Ad-porcine IFN-αγ) as well as 3 small interfering RNAs (Ad-3siRNA) targeting FMDV mRNAs encoding nonstructural proteins. The antiviral effects of Ad-porcine IFN-αγ and Ad-3siRNA expression were tested in combination in porcine cells, suckling mice, and swine. We observed enhanced antiviral effects in porcine cells and mice as well as robust protection against the highly pathogenic strain O/Andong/SKR/2010 and increased expression of cytokines in swine following combination treatment. In addition, we showed that combination treatment was effective against all serotypes of FMDV. Therefore, we suggest that the combined treatment with Ad-porcine IFN-αγ and Ad-3siRNA may offer fast-acting antiviral protection and be used with a vaccine during the period that the vaccine does not provide protection against FMD. IMPORTANCE The use of current foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines to induce rapid protection provides limited effectiveness because the protection does not become effective until a minimum of 4 days after vaccination. Therefore, during outbreaks antiviral agents remain the only available treatment to confer rapid protection and reduce the spread of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in livestock until vaccine-induced protective immunity can become effective. Interferons (IFNs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been reported to be effective antiviral agents against FMDV, although the virus has associated mechanisms of resistance to type I interferons and siRNAs. We have developed recombinant adenoviruses for the simultaneous expression of porcine alpha and gamma interferons (Ad-porcine IFN-αγ) as well as 3 small interfering RNAs (Ad-3siRNA) to enhance the inhibitory effects of these antiviral agents observed in previous studies. Here, we show enhanced antiviral effects against FMDV by combination treatment with Ad-porcine IFN-αγ and Ad-3siRNA to overcome the mechanisms of resistance of FMDV in swine.
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Lee BY, Lee KN, Lee T, Park JH, Kim SM, Lee HS, Chung DS, Shim HS, Lee HK, Kim H. Bovine Genome-wide Association Study for Genetic Elements to Resist the Infection of Foot-and-mouth Disease in the Field. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:166-70. [PMID: 25557811 PMCID: PMC4283160 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic loss and devastating effect on international trade of animal or animal products. Since FMD outbreaks have recently occurred in some Asian countries, it is important to understand the relationship between diverse immunogenomic structures of host animals and the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We performed genome wide association study based on high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip for identifying FMD resistant loci in Holstein cattle. Among 624532 SNP after quality control, we found that 11 SNPs on 3 chromosomes (chr17, 22, and 15) were significantly associated with the trait at the p.adjust <0.05 after PERMORY test. Most significantly associated SNPs were located on chromosome 17, around the genes Myosin XVIIIB and Seizure related 6 homolog (mouse)-like, which were associated with lung cancer. Based on the known function of the genes nearby the significant SNPs, the FMD resistant animals might have ability to improve their innate immune response to FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Young Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Taeheon Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Hyang-Sim Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
| | - Dong-Su Chung
- Gangwon Veterinary Service Laboratory, Chuncheon 220-822, Korea
| | | | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Genomic Informatics Center, Hankyong National University, Anseong 456-749, Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 430-757, Korea
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Habiela M, Seago J, Perez-Martin E, Waters R, Windsor M, Salguero FJ, Wood J, Charleston B, Juleff N. Laboratory animal models to study foot-and-mouth disease: a review with emphasis on natural and vaccine-induced immunity. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2329-2345. [PMID: 25000962 PMCID: PMC4202264 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.068270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal models have provided valuable insight into foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) pathogenesis in epidemiologically important target species. While not perfect, these models have delivered an accelerated time frame to characterize the immune responses in natural hosts and a platform to evaluate therapeutics and vaccine candidates at a reduced cost. Further expansion of these models in mice has allowed access to genetic mutations not available for target species, providing a powerful and versatile experimental system to interrogate the immune response to FMDV and to target more expensive studies in natural hosts. The purpose of this review is to describe commonly used FMDV infection models in laboratory animals and to cite examples of when these models have failed or successfully provided insight relevant for target species, with an emphasis on natural and vaccine-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Habiela
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Julian Seago
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Ryan Waters
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Miriam Windsor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Francisco J. Salguero
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7TE, UK
| | - James Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Juleff
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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29
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Jung M, Shin MK, Cha SB, Shin SW, Yoo A, Lee WJ, Park HT, Park JH, Kim B, Jung YK, Yoo HS. Supplementation of dietary germanium biotite enhances induction of the immune responses by foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in cattle. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:179. [PMID: 25255918 PMCID: PMC4236827 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Korea, a vaccination policy has been applied to control the disease. In addition, several non-specific immune stimulators have been used without any scientific evidence that they would enhance the immune response after FMD vaccination and/or protect against FMD. Based on the current situation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the non-specific immune stimulator germanium biotite on FMD vaccination and immune responses in cattle. To achieve our goal, immune responses to FMD vaccination, such as levels of IgG and IgA, antibody duration, and virus-neutralizing titers were investigated after germanium biotite feeding. The PBMC typing and proliferative response after stimulation with mitogens, the cytokines expression level of PBMC, and the lysozyme activity in the serum were measured to evaluate the immune enhancing effects of germanium biotite following its administration. Results Following the first vaccination, high level of IgG (at 4 weeks) and IgA (at 2 and 31 weeks) titers in serum and saliva were observed in the germanium biotite-feeding group (p < 0.05). The germanium biotite group also showed high and longstanding inhibition percentage value in ELISA assay at 31 weeks (p < 0.05). Generally, higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers were observed in the feeding group at 20 and 31 weeks after vaccination. Following the feeding germanium biotite, the germanium biotite group showed increased subpopulation of CD4+ lymphocytes and MHC I+II+ cells in PBMCs at 23 week, responding to stimulation of ConA. The levels of IFN-γ (at 3 and 8 weeks), IL-1α (at 3, 11, and 23 weeks), IL-1β (at 3, 8, and 11 weeks), and IL-4 (at 8 and 11 weeks) gene expression were also significantly increased in the feeding group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). Feeding with germanium biotite increased the lymphocytes’ proliferative response to the stimulation of ConA and LPS at 23 weeks and lysozyme activity at 9 weeks after feeding. Conclusions These results suggest that germanium biotite feeding could increase the protection against FMD virus infection via the induction of higher humoral and cellular immune responses in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
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Jung M, Park HT, Park JH, Lee KN, Shin SW, Shin MK, Sung KY, Jung YK, Kim B, Yoo HS. Effects of germanium biotite supplement on immune responses of vaccinated mini-pigs to foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge. Immunol Invest 2014; 44:101-12. [PMID: 25058651 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.938164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea in 2010-2011, a trivalent vaccine has been used as a routine vaccination. Despite the high efficacy of the trivalent vaccine, low antibody formation was reported in the pig industry and there is considerable concern about the ability of the vaccine to protect against the Andong strain responsible for recent outbreaks in South Korea. To overcome these problems, immunostimulators have been widely used to improve vaccine efficacy in South Korea, although without any scientific evidence. Based on the current situation, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of germanium biotite, a feed supplement used to enhance the immune system, on the immune responses to FMD vaccination through the Andong strain challenge experiment in trivalent vaccinated pigs. Following the challenge, the germanium biotite-fed pigs showed high levels of IL-8 in serum, and increased cellular immune responses to stimulation with the Andong strain antigen compared to nonsupplemented pigs. In addition, higher FMD virus (FMDV) neutralizing antibody titers were detected in the germanium biotite-fed group than in the nonsupplemented group before the challenge. The findings of this study indicate that germanium biotite supplement might enhance immune responses to the FMD vaccine in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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31
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Kim SM, Kim SK, Park JH, Lee KN, Ko YJ, Lee HS, Seo MG, Shin YK, Kim B. A recombinant adenovirus bicistronically expressing porcine interferon-α and interferon-γ enhances antiviral effects against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Antiviral Res 2014; 104:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Immunogenicity of two FMDV nonameric peptides encapsulated in liposomes in mice and the protective efficacy in guinea pigs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68658. [PMID: 23874709 PMCID: PMC3706604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been predicted that nonameric peptides I (VP126–34, RRQHTDVSF), II (VP1157–165, RTLPTSFNY) and III (VP145–53, KEQVNVLDL) from the VP1 capsid protein of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are T cell epitopes. To investigate whether these peptides have immunological activity, BALB/c mice were immunized with peptide I, II or III conjugated with immunostimulating complexes (ISCOMs). A cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity induced by peptides along with by measuring peptide-specific T-cell proliferation and CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers in whole blood and interferon (IFN)-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by peptides. To further identify the protective efficacy of peptides, an FMDV challenge assay was done in guinea pigs. Peptides I and II stimulated significant increases in T-cell proliferation, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and IFN-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity compared to controls. The FMDV challenge assay indicated peptides I and II can protect over 60% of animals from virus attack. The results demonstrate that peptides I and II encapsulated in liposomes should be CTL epitopes of FMDV and can protect animals from virus attack to some extent.
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Li X, Wang J, Liu J, Li Z, Wang Y, Xue Y, Li X, Cao H, Zheng SJ. Engagement of soluble resistance-related calcium binding protein (sorcin) with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 inhibits type I interferon response in cells. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:35-46. [PMID: 23764275 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious animal disease caused by FMD virus (FMDV). Although FMDV-induced immunosuppression in host has been well established, the exact molecular mechanism for such induction is not very clear. We report here the identification of FMDV VP1 as an interferon-suppressor by interacting with soluble resistance-related calcium binding protein (sorcin). We found that VP1 suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or Sendai virus (SeV)-induced type I interferon response in HEK293T cells, and that this suppression could be completely abolished by knockdown of sorcin by shRNA. Furthermore, overexpression of sorcin inhibited type I interferon response. Conversely, TNF- or SeV-induced type I interferon response increased when sorcin knocked down, leading to inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication. Thus, VP1-induced suppression of type I interferon is mediated by interacting with sorcin, a protein that appears to regulate cell response to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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34
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Wang H, Liu X, Wu J, Wu G, Yu L, He C, Yang H, Xie W, Xia X, He H. Bovine fetal epithelium cells expressing shRNA targeting viral VP1 gene resisted against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Virology 2013; 439:115-21. [PMID: 23481248 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RNAi could protect experimental animals from Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), but pivotal issue is delivery of RNAi. In this study, shRNA recombinant lentiviral plasmid RNAi-LT6 targeting VP1 of FMDV, which strongly suppressed the transient expression of a FLAG-tagged VP1 protein in 293T cells and significantly inhibited viral replication in BHK-21 cells, was screened and transfected into bovine fetal fibroblast cells. With subsequent somatic cell cloning, three 4-month-old transgenic fetuses were obtained, and integration into chromosome and expression of shRNA in primary transgenic tongue epithelium cells were confirmed by Southern hybridization and Northern assay, respectively. shRNA significantly suppressed viral RNA synthesis and viral replication in primary transgenic tongue epithelium cells after inoculation of 200 TCID50 of FMDV. The results suggested that transgenic cloning may be a useful tool for RNAi delivery and RNAi anti-viral strategy, and RNAi-LT6 could be a candidate shRNA used for preparation of transgenic cattle against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, PR China
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35
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Oh Y, Fleming L, Statham B, Hamblin P, Barnett P, Paton DJ, Park JH, Joo YS, Parida S. Interferon-γ induced by in vitro re-stimulation of CD4+ T-cells correlates with in vivo FMD vaccine induced protection of cattle against disease and persistent infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44365. [PMID: 23028529 PMCID: PMC3460943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune defense against FMDV has been correlated to the antibody mediated component. However, there are occasions when some animals with high virus neutralising (VN) antibody are not protected following challenge and some with low neutralising antibody which do not succumb to disease. The importance of cell mediated immunity in clinical protection is less clear and so we investigated the source and production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in re-stimulated whole blood of FMDV immunized cattle and its correlation to vaccine induced protection and FMDV persistence. We were able to show a positive correlation between IFN-γ response and vaccine induced protection as well as reduction of long term persistence of FMD virus. When combining this IFN-γ response in re-stimulated blood with virus neutralizing antibody titer in serum on the day of challenge, a better correlation of vaccine-induced protection with IFN-γ and VN antibody was predicted. Our investigations also showed that CD4+ T-cells are the major proliferating phenotype and IFN-γ producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooni Oh
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Fleming
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Bob Statham
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Hamblin
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Barnett
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Paton
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Seok Joo
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Satya Parida
- Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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36
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Wang D, Fang L, Li K, Zhong H, Fan J, Ouyang C, Zhang H, Duan E, Luo R, Zhang Z, Liu X, Chen H, Xiao S. Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease cleaves NEMO to impair innate immune signaling. J Virol 2012; 86:9311-22. [PMID: 22718831 PMCID: PMC3416110 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00722-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral illness of wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals. The causative agent, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), replicates rapidly, efficiently disseminating within the infected host and being passed on to susceptible animals via direct contact or the aerosol route. To survive in the host, FMDV has evolved to block the host interferon (IFN) response. Previously, we and others demonstrated that the leader proteinase (L(pro)) of FMDV is an IFN antagonist. Here, we report that another FMDV-encoded proteinase, 3C(pro), also inhibits IFN-α/β response and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes. Acting in a proteasome- and caspase-independent manner, the 3C(pro) of FMDV proteolytically cleaved nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO), a bridging adaptor protein essential for activating both NF-κB and interferon-regulatory factor signaling pathways. 3C(pro) specifically targeted NEMO at the Gln 383 residue, cleaving off the C-terminal zinc finger domain from the protein. This cleavage impaired the ability of NEMO to activate downstream IFN production and to act as a signaling adaptor of the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway. Mutations specifically disrupting the cysteine protease activity of 3C(pro) abrogated NEMO cleavage and the inhibition of IFN induction. Collectively, our data identify NEMO as a substrate for FMDV 3C(pro) and reveal a novel mechanism evolved by a picornavirus to counteract innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erzhen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Lannes N, Python S, Summerfield A. Interplay of foot-and-mouth disease virus, antibodies and plasmacytoid dendritic cells: virus opsonization under non-neutralizing conditions results in enhanced interferon-alpha responses. Vet Res 2012; 43:64. [PMID: 22934974 PMCID: PMC3479418 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly infectious member of the Picornaviridae inducing an acute disease of cloven-hoofed species. Vaccine-induced immune protection correlates with the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies but also opsonising antibodies have been proposed as an important mechanism of the immune response contributing to virus clearance by macrophages and leading to the production of type-I interferon (IFN) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). The present study demonstrates that the opsonising antibody titres mediating enhanced IFN-α responses in pDC were similar to neutralizing titres, when antigenically related viruses from the same serotype were employed. However, sera cross-reacted also with non-neutralized isolates of multiple serotypes, when tested in this assay. Both uncomplexed virus and immune complexed virus stimulated pDC via Toll-like receptor 7. An additional finding of potential importance for strain-specific differences in virulence and/or immunogenicity was that pDC activation by FMDV strongly differed between viral isolates. Altogether, our results indicate that opsonising antibodies can have a broader reactivity than neutralizing antibodies and may contribute to antiviral responses induced against antigenically distant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Lannes
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
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38
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Wang H, Wu J, Liu X, He H, Ding F, Yang H, Cheng L, Liu W, Zhong J, Dai Y, Li G, He C, Yu L, Li J. Identification of short hairpin RNA targeting foot-and-mouth disease virus with transgenic bovine fetal epithelium cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42356. [PMID: 22905125 PMCID: PMC3414509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although it is known that RNA interference (RNAi) targeting viral genes protects experimental animals, such as mice, from the challenge of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), it has not been previously investigated whether shRNAs targeting FMDV in transgenic dairy cattle or primary transgenic bovine epithelium cells will confer resistance against FMDV challenge. Principal Finding Here we constructed three recombinant lentiviral vectors containing shRNA against VP2 (RNAi-VP2), VP3 (RNAi-VP3), or VP4 (RNAi-VP4) of FMDV, and found that all of them strongly suppressed the transient expression of a FLAG-tagged viral gene fusion protein in 293T cells. In BHK-21 cells, RNAi-VP4 was found to be more potent in inhibition of viral replication than the others with over 98% inhibition of viral replication. Therefore, recombinant lentiviral vector RNAi-VP4 was transfected into bovine fetal fibroblast cells to generate transgenic nuclear donor cells. With subsequent somatic cell cloning, we generated forty transgenic blastocysts, and then transferred them to 20 synchronized recipient cows. Three transgenic bovine fetuses were obtained after pregnant period of 4 months, and integration into chromosome in cloned fetuses was confirmed by Southern hybridization. The primary tongue epithelium cells of transgenic fetuses were isolated and inoculated with 100 TCID50 of FMDV, and it was observed that shRNA significantly suppressed viral RNA synthesis and inhibited over 91% of viral replication after inoculation of FMDV for 48 h. Conclusion RNAi-VP4 targeting viral VP4 gene appears to prevent primary epithelium cells of transgenic bovine fetus from FMDV infection, and it could be a candidate shRNA used for cultivation of transgenic cattle against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin He
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HH); (GL)
| | - Fangrong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cheng
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhehaote, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Zhong
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangpeng Li
- College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Huhehaote, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (HH); (GL)
| | - Chengqiang He
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yu
- Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Juleff N, Maree F, Waters R, Bengis R, Charleston B. The importance of FMDV localisation in lymphoid tissue. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 148:145-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Vázquez-Calvo A, Saiz JC, McCullough KC, Sobrino F, Martín-Acebes MA. Acid-dependent viral entry. Virus Res 2012; 167:125-37. [PMID: 22683298 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection of host cells requires that entry into the cell results in efficient genome release leading to translation and replication. These initial steps revolving around the entry and genomic release processes are crucial for viral progeny generation. Despite the variety of receptors used by viruses to initiate entry, evidence from both enveloped and non-enveloped viral infections is highlighting the important role played by intracellular acidic compartments in the entry of many viruses. These compartments provide connecting nodes within the endocytic network, presenting multiple viral internalization pathways. Endosomal compartments employing an internal acidic pH can trigger molecular mechanisms leading to disassembly of viral particles, thus providing appropriate genome delivery. Accordingly, viruses have evolved to select optimal intracellular conditions for promoting efficient genome release, leading to propagation of the infectious agent. This review will address the implications of cellular compartment involvement in virus infectious processes, and the roles played by the viruses' own machinery, including pH sensing mechanisms and the methodologies applied for studying acid-dependent viral entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vázquez-Calvo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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41
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Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes a decrease in spleen dendritic cells and the early release of IFN-α in the plasma of mice. Differences between infectious and inactivated virus. Antiviral Res 2012; 94:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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42
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Gaikwad S, Kumar S, Prashanth T, Rama Reddy G, Sanyasi Suryanarayana V, Joyappa Dechamma H. Transcriptional Expression Profile of Toll Like Receptor 1 - 10 mRNA in Bovine Peripheral Mononuclear Cells in Response to Foot and Mouth Disease Antigens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2012.24053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Martín-Acebes MA, Vázquez-Calvo A, González-Magaldi M, Sobrino F. Foot-and-mouth disease virus particles inactivated with binary ethylenimine are efficiently internalized into cultured cells. Vaccine 2011; 29:9655-62. [PMID: 22027488 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines are produced from virus grown in cell culture that is chemically inactivated by using binary ethylenimide (BEI). Here, we show that BEI treatment preserves both the architecture of FMDV particles, as inactivated viral particles showed by electron microscopy characteristics similar to those of infectious virions, as well as the general features of infectious virus internalization. Binding of inactivated particles to BHK-21 cells was blocked by preincubation with either a FMDV-specific monoclonal antibody or a synthetic peptide spanning the integrin-binding viral motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). In addition, these particles were internalized into cultured cells through endocytosis, being directed to early endosomes, as indicated by their colocalization with the marker protein Rab5. When purified BEI-inactivated virions were labelled and their interaction with live cultured cells analyzed by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, a major subpopulation of virus particles, about 80%, was shown to undergo internalization into a static endosome population, insensitive to the microtubule depolymerization exerted by nocodazole, while the remaining subpopulation (about 20%) was dynamic and sensitive to this drug. Thus, BEI-inactivated particles provide an interesting tool to study early steps in FMDV-cell interactions enabling a distinction between FMDV internalization and productive infection. Possible implications for FMDV immune response elicited following vaccine administration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Arzt J, Baxt B, Grubman MJ, Jackson T, Juleff N, Rhyan J, Rieder E, Waters R, Rodriguez LL. The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease II: Viral Pathways in Swine, Small Ruminants, and Wildlife; Myotropism, Chronic Syndromes, and Molecular Virus-Host Interactions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 58:305-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01236.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li J, Zhong Y, Li H, Zhang N, Ma W, Cheng G, Liu F, Liu F, Xu J. Enhancement of Astragalus polysaccharide on the immune responses in pigs inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:362-8. [PMID: 21640133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the immune response in pigs immunized with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine were investigated. Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into five groups. Four groups were vaccinated with a FMDV inactivated vaccine. Pigs in three experimental groups were administered varying doses of APS (APS1, 5mg/kg; APS2, 10mg/kg; APS3, 20mg/kg). The influence of APS on the number of CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, CD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(+) T helper memory cells, and CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(+) natural killer cells among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in the three APS groups were significant compared to the vaccine group. In vitro stimulation of PBL by Con A and LPS in APS groups induced a stronger proliferative response at 2 and 6 weeks post-inoculation (PI). APS markedly increased the titer of FMDV-specific antibody in a dose-dependent manner, and up-regulated mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-6. APS could potentially be used as an immunomodulator for a FMDV vaccine and provide better protection against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Stenfeldt C, Heegaard PMH, Stockmarr A, Tjørnehøj K, Belsham GJ. Analysis of the acute phase responses of serum amyloid a, haptoglobin and type 1 interferon in cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O. Vet Res 2011; 42:66. [PMID: 21592356 PMCID: PMC3123197 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of challenge experiments were performed in order to investigate the acute phase responses to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in cattle and possible implications for the development of persistently infected "carriers". The host response to infection was investigated through measurements of the concentrations of the acute phase proteins (APPs) serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (HP), as well as the bioactivity of type 1 interferon (IFN) in serum of infected animals. Results were based on measurements from a total of 36 infected animals of which 24 were kept for observational periods exceeding 28 days in order to determine the carrier-status of individual animals. The systemic host response to FMDV in infected animals was evaluated in comparison to similar measurements in sera from 6 mock-inoculated control animals. There was a significant increase in serum concentrations of both APPs and type 1 IFN in infected animals coinciding with the onset of viremia and clinical disease. The measured parameters declined to baseline levels within 21 days after inoculation, indicating that there was no systemically measurable inflammatory reaction related to the carrier state of FMD. There was a statistically significant difference in the HP response between carriers and non-carriers with a lower response in the animals that subsequently developed into FMDV carriers. It was concluded that the induction of SAA, HP and type 1 IFN in serum can be used as markers of acute infection by FMDV in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Stenfeldt
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Vet), Division of Virology, Lindholm, DK-4771 Kalvehave, Denmark.
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Summerfield A. Viewpoint: factors involved in type I interferon responses during porcine virus infections. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 148:168-71. [PMID: 21458079 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since type I interferon (IFN-I) is considered a potent antiviral defence mechanism, it is not surprising that during evolution viruses have development of various mechanisms to counteract IFN-I induction or release. Despite this, certain virus infections are associated with very high levels of systemic IFN-I. One explanation for this observation is the presence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), which are able to produce high levels of IFN-I despite the presence of viral IFN-I antagonists. Examples of virus infection in pigs including classical swine fever virus, influenza virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and porcine circo virus type 2 highlight factors involved in controlling such responses and illustrate potential negative and positive effects for the host. Based on published data, we propose that in addition to the ability to activate pDC, the ability to spread systemically, and the tropism for lymphoid tissue also represent important factors contributing to strong systemic IFN-I responses during certain virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
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Arzt J, Juleff N, Zhang Z, Rodriguez LL. The Pathogenesis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease I: Viral Pathways in Cattle. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 58:291-304. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nazifi S, Ansari-Lari M, Ghafari N, Mohtarami S, Ghezelbash A, Tabandeh MR. Evaluation of sialic acids, TNF-α, INF-γ, and acute-phase proteins in cattle infected with foot-and-mouth disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-010-1059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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