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Hassanzadeh M, Abedi M, Bashashati M, Yousefi AR, Abdoshah M, Mirzaie S. Evaluation of the Newcastle disease virus genotype VII-mismatched vaccines in SPF chickens: A challenge efficacy study. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100348. [PMID: 38623086 PMCID: PMC11016800 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains, while falling under a single serotype, are classified into distinct genotypes. Genotype VII virulent NDVs pose a significant threat to poultry due to their association with high mortality rates and economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three commercial live vaccines based on genotype II against genotype VII virulent NDV (vNDV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Forty one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and inoculated with one dose of each ND pneumotropic vaccine-B1, Clone.12IR, and La Sota-or received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control at eight days of age via eye drop. At 28 days of age (20th post-vaccination days), chickens were intramuscularly challenged with genotype VII virulent NDV (≥ 105 LD50). Serum samples were collected at 28 days of age (challenge day), 7 and 14 post-challenge days to measure NDV antibodies via the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 10th post-challenge days to evaluate virus shedding. Vaccinated groups exhibited significantly higher antibody titers and greater protection levels compared to the control group (P≤ 0.001). While HI antibody titer was not different at 28 and 35 days of age between vaccinated chickens, the Clone.12IR groups showed higher HI antibody titer compared to B1 at day 42 of age (9.43 vs. 7.42; P≤ 0.002). La Sota and Clone.12IR vaccines demonstrated superior protection against mortality compared to the B1 vaccine (90 %, 80% vs. 60 %, respectively) with 6.0 and 2.67 odds ratio of survivability. All three mismatched vaccines effectively curbed the shedding of virulent genotype VII NDV, with 0 % to 11 % positive cloacal samples up to the 3rd post-challenge day. These findings demonstrate that in the experimental setting, the administration of mismatched ND vaccines, particularly La Sota and Clone.12IR, confer protection against genotype VII virulent NDV and control viral shedding, which can help to develop effective vaccination strategies to mitigate the impact of vNDV outbreaks in the poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 141556453, Iran
| | - Mehran Abedi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, P.O. Box 141556453, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bashashati
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, P.O. Box 14831975, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, P.O. Box 14831975, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdoshah
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, P.O. Box 14831975, Iran
| | - Sara Mirzaie
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Institute of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
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Geletu AS, Robi DT. Evaluation of the immune response of layer chickens to Newcastle disease virus vaccines using the new vaccination regimens. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1428. [PMID: 38519843 PMCID: PMC10959821 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the immunological response of layer chickens to live Newcastle disease virus vaccine using a newly developed vaccine schedule administered via the ocular route, as well as assess the persistence of passive antibodies in layer chickens and the effectiveness of protection against strains of the virus. METHODS A total of 140-day-old Lohmann Brown chicks were randomly divided into seven groups, 20 chicks each. Groups 1-3 received a single eye instillation of the vaccine at ages 5, 26 and 54 days, respectively, whereas groups 4-6 received a double eye instillation. Group 7 served as non-vaccinated control group. Ten days after immunization, samples were taken from hens that had received the vaccine at ages 15, 36 and 64, as well as from control chickens that had not received the vaccine at ages 5, 15, 21 and 31. RESULTS A total of 10 serum samples from all chickens exhibited protective antibodies, and booster doses resulted in the highest haemagglutination inhibition titre. No significant change in antibody production was observed among layer hens (p > 0.05). The study found that the La Sota (GMT ± SD: 6.71 ± 4.96), La Sota (GMT ± SD: 8.00 ± 0.00) and thermostable I2 (GMT ± SD: 7.60 ± 6.02), vaccination schedules provided the maximum immune response in single eye instillation, whereas the HB1 (GMT ± SD: 7.11 ± 4.77), La Sota (GMT ± SD: 7.83 ± 5.76) and La Sota (GMT ± SD: 7.60 ± 6.02), combination was the second-best vaccination schedule in double eye instillation. Furthermore, maternally-derived antibodies were maintained up to 31 days of age, indicating the level of passive immunity prior to vaccination. Characteristic lesions, such as edematous and diphtheria mucosal membranes of the trachea, along with petechial and necrotic haemorrhages of the proventriculus, were observed during the necropsy of the birds that died from the challenged virus. CONCLUSION This study suggests that subsequent live virus vaccine by ocular route immunization is required to effectively protect against velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease infection. The results also highlight the importance of developing effective vaccination schedules and routes to enhance immunity against ND in layer chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sorsa Geletu
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchWolkite Agricultural Research centerWolkiteEthiopia
| | - Dereje Tulu Robi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchTepi Agricultural Research CenterTepiEthiopia
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Meng Z, Wang Y, Kong X, Cen M, Duan Z. Chicken speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) negatively regulates MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway mediated proinflammatory cytokine production to promote the replication of Newcastle disease virus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103461. [PMID: 38290339 PMCID: PMC10844869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is demonstrated to be a specific adaptor of the cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that participates in multiple cellular processes. Up to now, SPOP involved in inflammatory response has attracted more attention, but the association of SPOP with animal virus infection is scarcely reported. In this study, chicken MyD88 (chMyD88), an innate immunity-associated protein, was screened to be an interacting partner of chSPOP using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. This interaction was further confirmed by fluorescence co-localization, Co-IP, and pull-down assays. It was interesting that exogenous recombinant protein HA-chSPOP or endogenous chSPOP alone was mainly located in the nucleus but was translocated to the cytoplasm upon co-expression with chMyD88 or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In addition, chSPOP reduced chMyD88 expression by ubiquitination in a dose-dependent manner, and the regulation of NF-κB activity by chSPOP was dependent solely on chMyD88. Importantly, chSPOP played a negative regulatory role in the MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we found that velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection changed the subcellular localization of chSPOP and the expression patterns of chSPOP and chMyD88, and overexpression of chSPOP decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines to enhance velogenic and lentogenic NDV replication, while siRNA-mediated chSPOP knockdown obtained the opposite results, thereby indicating that chSPOP negatively regulated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway mediated proinflammatory cytokine production to promote NDV replication. These findings highlight the important role of the SPOP/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in NDV replication and may provide insightful information about NDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Meng
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanbi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianya Kong
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mona Cen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiqiang Duan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Abdallah Mouhamed A, Lee J, Kim DH, Song CS. Comparative protective efficacy of a newly generated live recombinant thermostable highly attenuated vaccine rK148/GVII-F using a single regimen against lethal NDV GVII.1.1. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:14-32. [PMID: 38009206 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2263395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS A thermostable, safe, and effective NDV GVII recombinant vaccine was generated.Fusion gene replacement with GVII did not affect GI K148/08 virus thermostability.Strain rK148/GVII-F provided adequate protection against a lethal NDV challenge.Oropharyngeal shedding was significantly reduced on post-challenge days 5 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Abdallah Mouhamed
- Department of Avian Diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Avian Disease and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- Department of Avian Disease and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chang-Seon Song
- Department of Avian Disease and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KHAV Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mantzios T, Stylianaki I, Savvidou S, Dokou S, Papadopoulos GΑ, Panitsidis I, Patsias A, Raj J, Vasiljević M, Pajić M, Gomez-Osorio LM, Bošnjak-Neumüller J, Tsiouris V, Giannenas I. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils, Lysozyme, and Vitamins' Blend on Layer Hen Performance, Viral Vaccinal Response, and Egg Quality Characteristics. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:147. [PMID: 38400131 PMCID: PMC10893408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining respiratory tract health is crucial for layers, impacting gut health, laying performance, and egg quality. Viral diseases and standard vaccinations can compromise tracheal epithelium function, leading to oxidative stress. This study assessed the impact of a blend of feed additives, predominantly lysozyme (L), essential oils (EO), and vitamins (VIT) (referred to as L + EO + VIT), on young layers during an oral vaccination schedule. The supplementation significantly enhanced antibody titers for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) after vaccination, trachea functionality and intestinal health in the jejunum, increased egg production, and exhibited a trend toward higher egg weight. Although feed intake showed no significant difference, egg quality remained consistent across experimental groups. Moreover, L + EO + VIT supplementation elevated total phenolic content in eggs, improving oxidative stability in both fresh and stored eggs, particularly under iron-induced oxidation. Notably, it substantially reduced yolk lipid peroxidation and albumen protein carbonyls. In conclusion, water supplementation with L + EO + VIT may enhance humoral immune response to IBV and NDV, positively impacting hen productivity. These findings indicate improved tracheal function and enhanced oxidative stability, emphasizing the potential of this blend in promoting overall health and performance in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Soumela Savvidou
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Stella Dokou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Georgios Α. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Panitsidis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Apostolos Patsias
- Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Jog Raj
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Vasiljević
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Pajić
- Department for Epizootiology, Clinical Diagnostic, Pathology and DDD, Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenački Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | | | | | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
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Mahmood S, Skinner P, Warren CJ, Mayers J, James J, Núñez A, Lean FZX, Brookes SM, Brown IH, Banyard AC, Ross CS. In vivo challenge studies on vaccinated chickens indicate a virus genotype mismatched vaccine still offers significant protection against NDV. Vaccine 2024; 42:653-661. [PMID: 38143198 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Although commercial vaccines against Newcastle Disease have been available for decades, outbreaks still occur in the face of vaccination Further vaccination may accelerate viral evolution resulting in a further reduction in vaccine efficacy. A key question is whether genotype-matched vaccines can confer better protection against contemporary type 1 Avian Paramyxoviruses. To assess this, an in vivo vaccine-challenge study was undertaken to assess protection afforded by 'genotype-matched' and commercial vaccine formulations. Groups of chickens were vaccinated twice (prime-boost) with an inactivated preparation of either La Sota Clone 30, AV632-chicken-Cyprus-13 (genotype VII.2), or mock vaccine, and later challenged with virulent AV632-chicken-Cyprus-13. Post vaccinal serological responses differed, although both vaccination/challenge groups showed similar levels of clinical protection compared to the unvaccinated group, where 100 % mortality was observed. Shedding was significantly reduced in the vaccinated groups compared to the unvaccinated group. Virus dissemination in the tissues of vaccinated birds was comparable, but onset of infection was delayed. Two mutations were observed in the HN gene of the heterologous vaccine group; H199N and I192M, the latter thought to be associated with increased fusogenic potential. These data demonstrate that existing vaccine formulations confer similar levels of clinical protection to contemporary strains and that the antigenic heterogeneity of circulating strains does not impact upon shedding profiles in immunised birds. In conclusion, the ability of virulent APMV-1 to cause disease in vaccinated flocks is unlikely to be the result of antigenic mismatch alone, and other factors likely contribute to vaccination failure and breakthrough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mahmood
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Skinner
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Warren
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Mayers
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Z X Lean
- Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon M Brookes
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Ian H Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley C Banyard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Craig S Ross
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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Ganapathy K, Parthiban S. Pros and Cons on Use of Live Viral Vaccines in Commercial Chicken Flocks. Avian Dis 2024; 67:410-420. [PMID: 38300660 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-99998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for the growing human population worldwide. Key concerns in poultry farming are nutrition, management, flock health, and biosecurity measures. As part of the flock health, use of live viral vaccines plays a vital role in the prevention of economically important and common viral diseases. This includes diseases and production losses caused by Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, infectious bursal disease virus, Marek's disease virus, chicken infectious anemia virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus, fowlpox virus, and avian metapneumovirus. These viruses cause direct and indirect harms, such as financial losses worth millions of dollars, loss of protein sources, and threats to animal welfare. Flock losses vary by type of poultry, age of affected animals, co-infections, immune status, and environmental factors. Losses in broiler birds can consist of high mortality, poor body weight gain, high feed conversion ratio, and increased carcass condemnation. In commercial layers and breeder flocks, losses include higher than normal mortality rate, poor flock uniformity, drops in egg production and quality, poor hatchability, and poor day-old-chick quality. Despite the emergence of technology-based vaccines, such as inactivated, subunit, vector-based, DNA or RNA, and others, the attenuated live vaccines remain as important as before. Live vaccines are preferred in the global veterinary vaccine market, accounting for 24.3% of the global market share in 2022. The remaining 75% includes inactivated, DNA, subunit, conjugate, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines. The main reason for this is that live vaccines can induce innate, mucosal, cellular, and humoral immunities by single or multiple applications. Some live vaccine combinations provide higher and broader protection against several diseases or strains of viruses. This review aimed to explore insights on the pros and cons of attenuated live vaccines commonly used against major viral infections of the global chicken industry, and the future road map for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ganapathy
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, U.K.,
| | - Sivamurthy Parthiban
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Cheshire, U.K
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
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Taghizadeh MS, Niazi A, Afsharifar A. Virus-like particles (VLPs): A promising platform for combating against Newcastle disease virus. Vaccine X 2024; 16:100440. [PMID: 38283623 PMCID: PMC10811427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The global poultry industry plays a pivotal role in providing eggs and meat for human consumption. However, outbreaks of viral disease, especially Newcastle virus disease (NDV), within poultry farms have detrimental effects on various zootechnical parameters, such as body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, as well as the quality of egg and meat production. Cases of vaccine failure have been reported in regions where highly pathogenic strains of NDV are prevalent. To tackle this challenge, virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a potential solution. VLPs closely resemble natural viruses, offering biocompatibility and immune-stimulating properties that make them highly promising for therapeutic applications against NDV. Hence, this review emphasizes the significance of NDV and the need for effective treatments. The manuscript will contain several key aspects, starting with an exploration of the structure and properties of NDV. Subsequently, the paper will delve into the characteristics and benefits of VLPs compared to conventional drug delivery systems. A comprehensive analysis of VLPs as potential vaccine candidates targeting NDV will be presented, along with a discussion on strategies for loading cargo into these NDV-targeting VLPs. The review will also examine various expression systems utilized in the production of NDV-targeting VLPs. Additionally, the manuscript will address future prospects and challenges in the field, concluding with recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virus Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Farnós O, Martins Fernandes Paes BC, Getachew B, Rourou S, Chaabene A, Gelaye E, Tefera TA, Kamen AA. Intranasally Delivered Adenoviral Vector Protects Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus: Vaccine Manufacturing and Stability Assessments for Liquid and Lyophilized Formulations. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 38250854 PMCID: PMC10819614 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The adenoviral vector was designed, and a manufacturing process was developed in the context of the Livestock Vaccine Innovation Fund initiative funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. The industrially relevant recombinant vaccine technology platform is being transferred to the National Veterinary Institute (Ethiopia) for veterinary applications. Here, a manufacturing process using HEK293SF suspension cells cultured in stirred-tank bioreactors for the vaccine production is proposed. Taking into consideration supply chain limitations, options for serum-free media selection were evaluated. A streamlined downstream process including a filtration, an ultrafiltration, and a concentration step was developed. With high volumetric yields (infectious titers up to 5 × 109 TCID50/mL) in the culture supernatant, the final formulations were prepared at 1010 TCID50/mL, either in liquid or lyophilized forms. The liquid formulation was suitable and safe for mucosal vaccination and was stable for 1 week at 37 °C. Both the liquid and lyophilized formulations were stable after 6 months of storage at 4 °C. We demonstrate that the instillation of the adenoviral vector through the nasal cavity can confer protection to chickens against a lethal challenge with NDV. Overall, a manufacturing process for the adenovirus-vectored vaccine was developed, and protective doses were determined using a convenient route of delivery. Formulation and storage conditions were established, and quality control protocols were implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Farnós
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada (B.C.M.F.P.)
| | | | - Belayneh Getachew
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia (E.G.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Samia Rourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP.74., Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.R.)
| | - Ameni Chaabene
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13, Place Pasteur. BP.74., Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.R.)
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia (E.G.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Takele A. Tefera
- Research and Development Directorate, National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia (E.G.); (T.A.T.)
| | - Amine A. Kamen
- Viral Vectors and Vaccines Bioprocessing Group, Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada (B.C.M.F.P.)
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Mihreteab B, Kgotlele T, Neguse F, Petros Y, Habtemariam H, Berhane Y, Wehab M, Cattoli G, Meki IK, Dundon WG. Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease virus detected in Eritrea between 2017 and 2021. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:426-431. [PMID: 37561557 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2247370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-five samples collected from chickens in 13 commercial farms in Eritrea between 2017 and 2021 following reports of disease were screened for Newcastle disease virus. Seventeen samples (50%) were shown to be positive by RT-PCR. An initial analysis of partial fusion (F) gene sequences of 10 representative samples indicated that the viruses belonged to subgenotype VII.1.1. Subsequently, full F gene sequence analysis of four of these representative samples confirmed the genotype of the viruses but also revealed that they were not identical to each other suggesting different origins of the VII.1.1 subgenotype viruses circulating in Eritrea. These data have implications for the control of Newcastle disease within the poultry population in Eritrea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Mihreteab
- National Animal and Plant Health Laboratory (NAPHL), Asmara, Eritrea
| | | | - Fitsum Neguse
- National Animal and Plant Health Laboratory (NAPHL), Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Yodahi Petros
- National Animal and Plant Health Laboratory (NAPHL), Asmara, Eritrea
| | | | - Yordanos Berhane
- National Animal and Plant Health Laboratory (NAPHL), Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Munir Wehab
- National Animal and Plant Health Laboratory (NAPHL), Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene K Meki
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - William G Dundon
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Elbestawy A, Ellakany H, Sedeik M, Gado A, Abdel-Latif M, Noreldin A, Orabi A, Radwan I, El-Ghany WA. Superior Efficacy of Apathogenic Genotype I (V4) over Lentogenic Genotype II (LaSota) Live Vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1 in Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern-H9N2 Vaccinated Broiler Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1638. [PMID: 38005970 PMCID: PMC10674370 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparison of the efficacy of apathogenic genotype I (V4) and lentogenic genotype II (LaSota) strains of live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines was performed following vaccination with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) H9N2 avian influenza vaccine and challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII.1.1 (vNDV-VII.1.1). Eight groups (Gs) of day-old chicks were used (n = 25). Groups 1-4 received a single dose of PAMP-H9N2 subcutaneously, while Gs (1, 5) and (2, 6) received eye drops of V4 and LaSota, respectively, as two doses. All Gs, except for 4 and 8, were intramuscularly challenged with vNDV-VII.1.1 at 28 days of age. No signs were detected in Gs 1, 5, 4, and 8. The mortality rates were 0% in Gs 1, 4, 5, and 8; 40% in G2; 46.66% in G6; and 100% in Gs 3 and 7. Lesions were recorded as minimal in Gs 1 and 5, but mild to moderate in Gs 2 and 6. The lowest significant viral shedding was detected in Gs 1, 2, and 5. In conclusion, two successive vaccinations of broilers with a live V4 NDV vaccine provided higher protection against vNDV-VII.1.1 challenge than LaSota. PAMP-H9N2 with live NDV vaccines induced more protection than the live vaccine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbestawy
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Hany Ellakany
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Mahmoud Sedeik
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Gado
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Mervat Abdel-Latif
- Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira 22511, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Orabi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ismail Radwan
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
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12
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Lee CW, Bakre A, Olivier TL, Alvarez-Narvaez S, Harrell TL, Conrad SJ. Toll-like Receptor Ligands Enhance Vaccine Efficacy against a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Challenge in Chickens. Pathogens 2023; 12:1230. [PMID: 37887747 PMCID: PMC10610171 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To enhance the efficacy of the current Newcastle disease vaccine, we have selected potential adjuvants that target well-characterized pattern recognition receptors: the toll-like receptors (TLRs). Imiquimod is a small-molecule activator of TLR7, which is a sensor of dsDNA. ODN-1826 is a mimetic of CpG DNA and ligates TLR21 (a chicken homologue of TLR9 in mammals). The activation of TLRs leads to antiviral responses, including the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). In this study, birds were vaccinated intranasally with a live LaSota strain with or without imiquimod or ODN-1826 (50 µg/bird). Two weeks after vaccination, the birds were challenged with a virulent Newcastle disease virus (chicken/CA/212676/2002). Both adjuvants (imiquimod or ODN-1826) induced higher and more uniform antibody titers among vaccinated birds compared with the live vaccine-alone group. In addition, adjuvanted vaccines demonstrated greater protective efficacy in terms of the reduction in virus-shedding titer and the number of birds shedding the challenge virus at 2 and 4 days post-challenge. A differential expression of antiviral and immune-related genes was observed among groups from tissues (Harderian gland, trachea, cecal tonsil, and spleen) collected 1 and 3 days after treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of TLR-targeted adjuvants as mucosal vaccine enhancers and warrant a further characterization of immune correlates and optimization for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Won Lee
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.B.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Abhijeet Bakre
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.B.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Timothy L. Olivier
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (A.B.); (T.L.O.)
| | - Sonsiray Alvarez-Narvaez
- Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.A.-N.); (T.L.H.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Telvin L. Harrell
- Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.A.-N.); (T.L.H.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Steven J. Conrad
- Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (S.A.-N.); (T.L.H.); (S.J.C.)
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13
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Tataje-Lavanda L, Málaga E, Verastegui M, Mayta Huatuco E, Icochea E, Fernández-Díaz M, Zimic M. Identification and evaluation in-vitro of conserved peptides with high affinity to MHC-I as potential protective epitopes for Newcastle disease virus vaccines. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:196. [PMID: 37805566 PMCID: PMC10559636 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease (ND) is a major threat to the poultry industry, leading to significant economic losses. The current ND vaccines, usually based on active or attenuated strains, are only partially effective and can cause adverse effects post-vaccination. Therefore, the development of safer and more efficient vaccines is necessary. Epitopes represent the antigenic portion of the pathogen and their identification and use for immunization could lead to safer and more effective vaccines. However, the prediction of protective epitopes for a pathogen is a major challenge, especially taking into account the immune system of the target species. RESULTS In this study, we utilized an artificial intelligence algorithm to predict ND virus (NDV) peptides that exhibit high affinity to the chicken MHC-I complex. We selected the peptides that are conserved across different NDV genotypes and absent in the chicken proteome. From the filtered peptides, we synthesized the five peptides with the highest affinities for the L, HN, and F proteins of NDV. We evaluated these peptides in-vitro for their ability to elicit cell-mediated immunity, which was measured by the lymphocyte proliferation in spleen cells of chickens previously immunized with NDV. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified five peptides with high affinity to MHC-I that have the potential to serve as protective epitopes and could be utilized for the development of multi-epitope NDV vaccines. This approach can provide a safer and more efficient method for NDV immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Tataje-Lavanda
- Research and Development Laboratories, FARVET SAC, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru.
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
- School of Human Medicine, Private University San Juan Bautista, Lima, Peru.
| | - Edith Málaga
- Research Laboratory On Infectious Diseases, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuela Verastegui
- Research Laboratory On Infectious Diseases, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Egma Mayta Huatuco
- Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Eliana Icochea
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Mirko Zimic
- Research and Development Laboratories, FARVET SAC, Chincha Alta, Ica, Peru
- Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology, and Technological Developments Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Philosophy, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
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14
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Tran THG, Dong VH, Le VT, Vu TN, Dang HA, Huynh TML. Detection and molecular characterization of virulent Newcastle disease virus (subgenotype VII.2) in broiler chickens in Northern Vietnam. Vet World 2023; 16:2086-2095. [PMID: 38023274 PMCID: PMC10668557 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2086-2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Newcastle disease (ND) is a major viral disease of poultry worldwide. However, data on the molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Vietnam are limited. This study aimed to identify the molecular characteristics of NDV strains from the vaccinated chickens farmed in Northern Vietnam. Materials and Methods We used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to characterize NDV strains from vaccinated chicken farms in Northern Vietnam. Results Seven out of 72 (9.7%) chicken tissue samples collected from seven chicken farms in the four cities/provinces in northern Vietnam were positive for the NDV genome by PCR method. The complete sequences of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes of NDVs isolated in the North of Vietnam from 2021 to 2022 were further evaluated. The results indicated that all seven Vietnamese isolates obtained were reported as virulent NDV strains with the amino acid (AA) sequence of the F0 protein proteolytic cleavage site motif (112RRRKRF117). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were grouped with other NDV class II from subgenotype VII.2, including the two previous Vietnamese NDV (2015), the Chinese (2017), and Southern African (2013) NDV strains. In addition, some AA substitutions were observed in the neutralizing epitopes of the F and HN proteins of the current Vietnamese NDV strains. Conclusion The present findings provide useful information for future studies of the evolution of NDVs and improve strategies for ND-controlling programs in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Huong Giang Tran
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Hieu Dong
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Truong Le
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Vu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Anh Dang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi My Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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15
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Mohammad Majid E, Shahla S, Mohammad E, Ali Reza Y. Study of Cellular and Humoral Immunity and Histopathology of Target Tissues Following Newcastle Clone12IR Vaccine Administration in SPF Chickens. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1421-1429. [PMID: 38590679 PMCID: PMC10998948 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.78.5.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting poultry production in many countries. Strict biosecurity and the administration of live attenuated vaccines against the ND virus (NDV) are the main implements of controlling programs. This study evaluated the efficacy and potency of the Razi Clone12IR Newcastle vaccine in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Chickens were vaccinated with either the Razi Clone12IR vaccine (group A1, n=20) or an imported Clone vaccine (B1, n=20) in the first week of life and boosted in the second week via eye drop, while negative control chickens received PBS (C1, n=20). Half of the birds in each group were challenged with the virulent NDV strain in the third post-vaccination week (A2, B2, and C2 groups). Specific antibody responses were determined in the collected sera by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for up to eight weeks. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was determined by the lymphocyte proliferation assay three and six weeks after the second vaccination. Sections of the tissues and organs, including the trachea, lungs, cecal tonsils, spleen, the bursa of Fabricius, liver, and small intestine, were subjected to histopathology. The immunized groups A1 and B1 showed significantly higher HI antibody titers before the challenge than the control group. In addition, lymphocyte proliferation responses significantly increased in the peripheral blood of the vaccinated groups. After the challenge, the A2 and B2 groups conferred good protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. No main lesions were noted in the tissues or organs of the vaccinated group in histopathology. In a few cases, mild microscopic lesions were observed, including the infiltration of inflammatory cells, which was related to the effect of the vaccine virus. These results indicate that the Razi Clone12IR vaccine is safe and can be an efficient tool for NDV infections by inducing protective humoral and CMI responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahimi Mohammad Majid
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Shahsavandi Shahla
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Eslampanah Mohammad
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yousefi Ali Reza
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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16
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Meseko C, Ameji NO, Kumar B, Culhane M. Rational approach to vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza in Nigeria: a scientific perspective and global best practice. Arch Virol 2023; 168:263. [PMID: 37775596 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Since 2006, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtypes H5Nx have adversely affected poultry production in Nigeria. Successive waves of infections in the last two decades have raised concerns about the ability to contain infections by biosecurity alone, and evidence of recurrent outbreaks suggests a need for adoption of additional control measures such as vaccination. Although vaccination can be used to control virus spread and reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by HPAI, no country using vaccination alone as a control measure against HPAI has been able to eliminate or prevent re-infection. To inform policy in Nigeria, we examined the intricacies of HPAI vaccination, government regulations, and scientific data regarding what kind of vaccines can be used based on subtype, whether inactivated or live attenuated should be used, when to deliver vaccine either proactively or reactively, where to apply vaccination either in disease control zones, regionally, or nationally, and how to vaccinate the targeted poultry population for optimum success. A resurgence of HPAI outbreaks in Nigeria since 2018, after the country was declared free of the epidemic following the first outbreak in 2006, has led to enhanced intervention. Controlled vaccination entails monitoring the application of vaccines, the capacity to differentiate vaccinated from infected (DIVA) flocks, and assessing seroconversion or other immune correlates of protection. Concurrent surveillance for circulating avian influenza virus (AIV) and analyzing AIV isolates obtained via surveillance efforts for genetic and/or antigenic mismatch with vaccine strains are also important. Countries with high investment in commercial poultry farms like Nigeria may identify and zone territories where vaccines can be applied. This may include ring vaccination to control HPAI in areas or production systems at risk of infection. Before adoption of vaccination as an additional control measure on commercial poultry farms, two outcomes must be considered. First, vaccination is an admission of endemicity. Secondly, vaccinated flocks may no longer be made accessible to international poultry markets in accordance with WOAH trade regulations. Vaccination must therefore be approached with utmost caution and be guided by science-based evidence throughout the implementation strategy after thorough risk assessment. Influenza vaccine research, development, and controlled application in addition to biosecurity may be a precautionary measure in the evolving HPAI scenario in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Meseko
- Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza and Transboundary Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, vom plateau, Nigeria.
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
| | - Negedu Onogu Ameji
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Radiology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Antiviral Research, Institute of Advanced Virology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Marie Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
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17
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He L, Spatz S, Dunn JR, Yu Q. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinant expressing Marek's disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B significantly protects chickens against MDV and NDV challenges. Vaccine 2023; 41:5884-5891. [PMID: 37598026 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease of chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV), resulting in significant economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The commonly used live and/or vectored MDV vaccines are expensive to produce and difficult to handle due to the requirement of liquid nitrogen for manufacturing and delivering frozen infected cells that are viable. In this study, we aimed to develop a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored MDV vaccine that can be lyophilized, stored, and transported at 4 °C. Four NDV LaSota (LS) vaccine strain-based recombinant viruses expressing MDV glycoproteins gB, gC, gE, or gI were generated using reverse genetics technology. The biological assessments showed that these recombinant viruses were slightly attenuated in vivo yet retained similar growth kinetics and virus titers in vitro compared to the parental LaSota virus. Vaccination of leghorn chickens (Lines 15I5x71 F1 cross) with these recombinant viruses via intranasal and intraocular routes conferred different levels of protection against virulent MDV challenge. The recombinant expressing the MDV gB protein, rLS/MDV-gB, protected vaccinated birds significantly against MDV-induced tumor formation when challenged at 14 days post-vaccination (DPV) but moderately at 5 DPV. Whereas the other three recombinants provided little protection against the MDV challenge. All four recombinants conferred complete protection against the velogenic NDV challenge. These results demonstrated that the rLS/MDV-gB virus is a safe and efficacious dual vaccine candidate that can be lyophilized and potentially mass-administered via aerosol or drinking water to large chicken populations at a meager cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471003, China
| | - Stephen Spatz
- US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - John R Dunn
- US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Qingzhong Yu
- US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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18
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Liu M, Shen X, Yu Y, Li J, Fan J, Jia X, Dai Y. Effect of Different Levels of Maternally Derived Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus-Specific Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibodies on Protection against Virulent Challenge in Chicks. Viruses 2023; 15:1840. [PMID: 37766246 PMCID: PMC10537515 DOI: 10.3390/v15091840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by the virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is an acute, highly contagious, and economically significant avian disease worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective measure for controlling ND. In recent years, vaccines matched with the prevalent strains of genotype VII have been developed and are now commercially available. These vaccines can provide full protection for chickens against clinical disease and mortality after challenges with genotype VII viruses and significantly decrease virus shedding compared to conventional vaccines belonging to genotypes I and II. Vaccinated hens can transfer antibodies to their offspring through the egg yolk. Maternally derived antibodies can provide passive protection against diseases but can also interfere with vaccination efficacy early in life. This study was conducted on chicks hatched from hens vaccinated with a commercial genotype VII NDV-matched vaccine to investigate the correlation between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels in chicks and hens and the decaying pattern of maternally derived HI antibodies, and to evaluate the protective efficacy of different levels of maternally derived HI antibodies against challenge with a virulent NDV strain of genotype VII based on survivability and virus shedding. The HI antibody titers in chicks at hatching were about 1.3 log2 lower than those in hens, indicating an antibody transfer rate of approximately 41.52%. The estimated half-life of these antibodies was about 3.2 days. The protective efficacy of maternally derived HI antibodies was positively correlated with the titer. These antibodies could effectively protect chicks against mortality when the titer was 7 log2 or higher, but they were unable to prevent virus shedding or infection even at a high titer of 11 log2. The obtained results will greatly assist producers in determining the immune status of chicks and formulating appropriate vaccination schedules against ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China
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19
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Amoia CF, Hakizimana JN, Duggal NK, Chengula AA, Rohaim MA, Munir M, Weger-Lucarelli J, Misinzo G. Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved in the 2021 Outbreaks in Backyard Poultry Farms in Tanzania. Vet Sci 2023; 10:477. [PMID: 37505881 PMCID: PMC10385779 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus is a significant avian pathogen with the potential to decimate poultry populations all over the world and cause enormous economic losses. Distinct NDV genotypes are currently causing outbreaks worldwide. Due to the high genetic diversity of NDV, virulent strains that may result in a lack of vaccine protection are more likely to emerge and ultimately cause larger epidemics with massive economic losses. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the circulating NDV genotypes is critical to reduce Newcastle disease (ND) burden. In this study, NDV strains were isolated and characterized from backyard poultry farms from Tanzania, East Africa in 2021. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on fusion (F) gene amplification was conducted on 79 cloacal or tracheal swabs collected from chickens during a suspected ND outbreak. Our results revealed that 50 samples out 79 (50/79; 63.3%) were NDV-positive. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the selected NDV isolates showed that 39 isolates belonged to subgenotype VII.2 and only one isolate belonged to subgenotype XIII.1.1. Nucleotide sequences of the NDV F genes from Tanzania were closely related to recent NDV isolates circulating in southern Africa, suggesting that subgenotype VII.2 is the predominant subgenotype throughout Tanzania and southern Africa. Our data confirm the circulation of two NDV subgenotypes in Tanzania, providing important information to design genotype-matched vaccines and to aid ND surveillance. Furthermore, these results highlight the possibility of the spread and emergence of new NDV subgenotypes with the potential of causing future ND epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie F Amoia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jean N Hakizimana
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Augustino A Chengula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed A Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 67125, Tanzania
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20
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Adams JRG, Mehat J, La Ragione R, Behboudi S. Preventing bacterial disease in poultry in the post-antibiotic era: a case for innate immunity modulation as an alternative to antibiotic use. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205869. [PMID: 37469519 PMCID: PMC10352996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics in the poultry industry has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which pose a significant health risk to humans and animals. These public health concerns, which have led to legislation limiting antibiotic use in animals, drive the need to find alternative strategies for controlling and treating bacterial infections. Modulation of the avian innate immune system using immunostimulatory compounds provides a promising solution to enhance poultry immune responses to a broad range of bacterial infections without the risk of generating antibiotic resistance. An array of immunomodulatory compounds have been investigated for their impact on poultry performance and immune responses. However, further research is required to identify compounds capable of controlling bacterial infections without detrimentally affecting bird performance. It is also crucial to determine the safety and effectiveness of these compounds in conjunction with poultry vaccines. This review provides an overview of the various immune modulators known to enhance innate immunity against avian bacterial pathogens in chickens, and describes the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. G. Adams
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Avian Immunology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Jai Mehat
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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21
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Adam FEA, Zhao X, Guan Z, Chang Z, Thrusfield M, Lu K, El Tigani-Asil ETA, Terab AMA, Ismael M, Tong L, Prince-Theodore DW, Luo C, Xiao S, Wang X, Liu H, Yang Z. Simultaneous Expression of Chicken Granulocyte Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Epitope of the Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII C22 Strain in a Functional Synthetic Recombinant Adenovirus as a Genotype-Matched Vaccine with Potential Antiviral Activity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0402422. [PMID: 37036344 PMCID: PMC10269747 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04024-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to the prevention of clinical signs and mortality associated with infection of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), vaccination has been very effective. However, recent evidence has proven that more highly virulent strains are emerging that bypass existing immune protection and pose a serious threat to the global poultry industry. Here, a novel rescued adenovirus 5-coexpressed chicken granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (ChGM-CSF) bio-adjuvant and C22-hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) boosted chickens' immunological genetic resistance and thus improved the immunological effectiveness of the critical new-generation vaccine in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers (log2) of the recombinant adenovirus (rAdv)-ChGM-CSF-HN-immunized chickens had greater, more persistent, and longer-lasting NDV-specific antibodies than the La Sota and rAdv-HN-inoculated birds. Moreover, humoral and adaptive immunological conditions were shown to be in harmony after rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN inoculation and uniformly enhanced the expression of alpha interferon (IFN-α), IFN-β, IFN-γ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-16, IL-18, and IL-22. Postchallenge, the control challenge (CC), wild-type adenovirus (wtAdv), and rAdv-ChGM-CSF groups developed unique NDV clinical manifestations, significant viral shedding, high tissue viral loads, gross and microscopic lesions, and 100% mortality within 7 days. The La Sota, rAdv-HN, and rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN groups were healthy and had 100% survival rates. The rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN group swiftly regulated and stopped viral shedding and had lower tissue viral loads than all groups at 5 days postchallenge (dpc). Thus, the antiviral activity of ChGM-CSF offered robust immune protection in the face of challenge and reduced viral replication convincingly. Our advance innovation concepts, combining ChGM-CSF with a field-circulating strain epitope, could lead to the development of a safe, genotype-matched, universal transgenic vaccine that could eradicate the disease globally, reducing poverty and food insecurity. IMPORTANCE We studied the biological characterization of the developed functional synthetic recombinant adenoviruses, which showed a high degree of safety, thermostability, and genetic stability for up to 20 passages. It was demonstrated through both in vitro and in vivo testing that the immunogenicity of the proposed vaccine, which uses the T2A peptide from the Thosea asigna virus capsid protein supported by glycine and serine, helps with efficiency to generate a multicistronic vector, enables expression of two functional proteins in rAdv-ChGM-CSF-HN, and is superior to that of comparable vaccines. Additionally, adenovirus can be used to produce vaccines matching the virulent field-circulating strain epitope. Because there is no preexisting human adenoviral immunity detected in animals, the potency of adenoviral vaccines looks promising. Also, it ensures that the living vector does not carry the resistance gene that codes for the kanamycin antibiotic. Accordingly, a human recombinant adenoviral vaccine that has undergone biological improvements is beneficial and important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalrhman Eisa Addoma Adam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Nyala, Sudan
| | - Xueliang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhengwu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Michael Thrusfield
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Kejia Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - El Tigani Ahmed El Tigani-Asil
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Animal Wealth Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelnasir Mohammed Adam Terab
- Veterinary Laboratories Division, Animal Wealth Sector, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamedelfateh Ismael
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Chen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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22
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Jlassi A, Mekni-Toujani M, Ferchichi A, Gharsallah C, Malosse C, Chamot-Rooke J, ElAyeb M, Ghram A, Srairi-Abid N, Daoud S. BotCl, the First Chlorotoxin-like Peptide Inhibiting Newcastle Disease Virus: The Emergence of a New Scorpion Venom AMPs Family. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114355. [PMID: 37298831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most serious contagions affecting domestic poultry and other avian species. It causes high morbidity and mortality, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Despite vaccination, NDV outbreaks increase the need for alternative prevention and control means. In this study, we have screened fractions of Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot) scorpion venom and isolated the first scorpion peptide inhibiting the NDV multiplication. It showed a dose dependent effect on NDV growth in vitro, with an IC50 of 0.69 µM, and a low cytotoxicity on cultured Vero cells (CC50 > 55 µM). Furthermore, tests carried out in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs demonstrated that the isolated peptide has a protective effect on chicken embryos against NDV, and reduced by 73% the virus titer in allantoic fluid. The N-terminal sequence, as well as the number of cysteine residues of the isolated peptide, showed that it belongs to the scorpion venom Chlorotoxin-like peptides family, which led us to designate it "BotCl". Interestingly, at 10 µg/mL, BotCl showed an inhibiting effect three times higher than its analogue AaCtx, from Androctonus australis (Aa) scorpion venom, on NDV development. Altogether, our results highlight the chlorotoxin-like peptides as a new scorpion venom AMPs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Jlassi
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Mekni-Toujani
- LR16IPT03 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et MicrobiologieVétérinaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ferchichi
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Charfeddine Gharsallah
- LR16IPT02 Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Transmission, le Contrôle et l'Immunobiologie des Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Christian Malosse
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UAR 2024, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mohamed ElAyeb
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- LR16IPT03 Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et MicrobiologieVétérinaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Salma Daoud
- LR20IPT01 Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LBVAT), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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23
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Hossain I, Subarna JF, Kabiraj CK, Begum JA, Parvin R, Martins M, Diel DG, Chowdhury EH, Islam MR, Nooruzzaman M. A Booster with a Genotype-Matched Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) Vaccine Candidate Provides Better Protection against a Virulent Genotype XIII.2 Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051005. [PMID: 37243108 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in Bangladesh. Locally produced or imported live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines based on lentogenic virus strains, locally produced live vaccines of the mesogenic Mukteswar strain, as well as imported inactivated vaccines of lentogenic strains, are being used in Bangladesh under different vaccination regimens. Despite these vaccinations, frequent outbreaks of ND are being reported in Bangladesh. Here we compared the efficacy of booster immunization with three different vaccines in chickens that had been primed with two doses of live LaSota vaccine. A total of 30 birds (Group A) were primed with two doses of live LaSota virus (genotype II) vaccine at days 7 and 28, while 20 birds (Group B) remained unvaccinated. At day 60, birds of Group A were divided into three sub-groups, which received booster immunizations with three different vaccines; A1: live LaSota vaccine, A2: inactivated LaSota vaccine, and A3: inactivated genotype XIII.2 vaccine (BD-C161/2010 strain from Bangladesh). Two weeks after booster vaccination (at day 74), all vaccinated birds (A1-A3) and half of the unvaccinated birds (B1) were challenged with a genotype XIII.2 virulent NDV (BD-C161/2010). A moderate antibody response was observed after the primary vaccination, which substantially increased after the booster vaccination in all groups. The mean HI titers induced by the inactivated LaSota vaccine (8.0 log2/5.0 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen) and the inactivated BD-C161/2010 vaccine (6.7 log2/6.2 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen) were significantly higher than those induced by the LaSota live booster vaccine (3.6 log2/2.6 log2 with LaSota/BD-C161/2010 HI antigen). Despite the differences in the antibody titers, all chickens (A1-A3) survived the virulent NDV challenge, while all the unvaccinated challenged birds died. Among the vaccinated groups, however, 50% of the chickens in Group A1 (live LaSota booster immunization) shed virus at 5- and 7-days post challenge (dpc), while 20% and 10% of the chickens in Group A2 (inactivated LaSota booster immunization) shed virus at 3 and 5 dpc, respectively, and only one chicken (10%) in Group A3 shed virus at 5 dpc. In conclusion, the genotype-matched inactivated NDV booster vaccine offers complete clinical protection and a significant reduction in virus shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous Subarna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Congriev Kumar Kabiraj
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Begum
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rokshana Parvin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mathias Martins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Texas A & M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 483 Agronomy Rd., College Station, TX 77843-4471, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nooruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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24
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Jekebekov KK, Assanzhanova NN, Nurpeisova AS, Ryskeldinova SZ, Absatova ZS, Abay ZS, Shayakhmetov YA, Omurtay AD, Moldagulova SU, Kalimolda EZ, Sadikalieva SO, Shorayeva KA, Zakarya KD. [Selection of conditions for effective inactivation of Pseudopestis avium virus (Paramyxoviridae: Orthoavulovirus: Avian orthoavulovirus 1) for the production of a Newcastle disease vaccine]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:124-131. [PMID: 37264847 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Newcastle disease (ND) is classified as especially dangerous pathogen. Its primary source is an infected or recovered bird. The virus shedding begins just in a day after infection, and virus remains in the body for another 2-4 months after the recovery. The complexity of the final elimination of the causative agent of the disease lies in its ability for long-term preservation in the external environment and the possibility of constant circulation in one complex between groups of birds of different sex and age. Therefore, the main element of protecting birds from ND is immunoprophylaxis that is based on vaccines containing an inactivated ND virus (NDV). The aim of the work ‒ is to optimize the parameters of inactivation of the NDV actual strain H with formaldehyde at final concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% under temperature conditions of 20 2 and 37 0.5 C. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used a virus-containing suspension of the NDV strain H with an initial biological activity of 10.75 lg EID50/cm3 grown by cultivation in 10-day-old developing chick embryos. RESULTS On the 16th day after the administration of the tested suspensions of NDV inactivated at different temperatures and concentrations of the inactivant , the geometric mean titers of antibodies to NDV in sera of vaccinated birds were at least 1 : 63 in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction, indicating that the studied inactivated suspensions were antigenically active. CONCLUSION The optimal parameters of the inactivation mode (final concentration, temperature and time of inactivation) of the NDV strain H were established. The inactivation process at 37 0.5 C with inactivant concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% lasts up to 72, 22, 18, and 12 hours, respectively. The inactivation process at 20 2 C with inactivant concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1% lasts up to 22 and 18 hours, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Z S Absatova
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
| | - Z S Abay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
| | | | - A D Omurtay
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
| | | | | | | | | | - K D Zakarya
- Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
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25
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de Buhr H, de Leeuw OS, Harders F, Peeters BP, de Swart RL. Emergence of biased hypermutation in a heterologous additional transcription unit in recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37185260 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) strains engineered to express foreign genes from an additional transcription unit (ATU) are considered as candidate live-attenuated vector vaccines for human and veterinary use. Early during the COVID-19 pandemic we and others generated COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on rNDV expressing a partial or complete SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. In our studies, a number of the rNDV constructs did not show high S expression levels in cell culture or seroconversion in immunized hamsters. Sanger sequencing showed the presence of frequent A-to-G transitions characteristic of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR). Subsequent whole genome rNDV sequencing revealed that this biased hypermutation was exclusively localized in the ATU expressing the spike gene, and was related to deamination of adenosines in the negative strand viral genome RNA. The biased hypermutation was found both after virus rescue in chicken cell line DF-1 followed by passaging in embryonated chicken eggs, and after direct virus rescue and subsequent passaging in Vero E6 cells. Levels of biased hypermutation were higher in constructs containing codon-optimized as compared to native S gene sequences, suggesting potential association with increased GC content. These data show that deep sequencing of candidate recombinant vector vaccine constructs in different phases of development is of crucial importance in the development of NDV-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik de Buhr
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Olav S de Leeuw
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Frank Harders
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Ben P Peeters
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands
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26
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Liu M, Shen X, Li J, Yu Y, Fan J, Jia X, Dai Y. Efficacy of Newcastle disease LaSota vaccine-induced hemagglutination inhibition antibodies against challenges with heterologous virulent strains of genotypes VII and IX. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 259:110591. [PMID: 37030151 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND), caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), still remains one of the most important avian diseases affecting the poultry industry worldwide, despite intensive vaccination programs have been implemented in many countries. All NDV isolates characterized to date are of one serotype and classified into classes I and II, with class II being further divided into twenty-one genotypes. Antigenic and genetic diversity is observed among the different genotypes. Current commercially available vaccines belonging to genotypes I and II are genetically divergent from strains that caused ND outbreaks worldwide in the last two decades. Reports of vaccination failures on their insufficient ability to inhibit infection or virus shedding have created renewed interest in developing vaccines homologous to virulent NDV circulating in the field. In this study, after vaccination with the most widely used LaSota vaccine (genotype II), chickens with different hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody levels were challenged with heterologous virulent NDV strains of genotypes VII and IX to evaluate how antibody levels relate to clinical protection and infection or virus shedding. Under the experimental condition, LaSota vaccine could fully protect birds from morbidity and mortality, but higher antibody levels were required to inhibit virus shedding. The number of birds shedding virus generally tended to decrease as the HI antibody titers increase in vaccinated birds. When the HI antibody titers reached ≥ 13 log2 and ≥ 10 log2, the virus shedding from JSC0804 strain (genotype VII) and F48E8 strain (genotype IX) could be completely inhibited, respectively, but it may be difficult to ensure that all individuals reach and maintain those levels in chicken flocks vaccinated according to routine procedure. Furthermore, the virus shedding in vaccinated birds was correlated with the amino acid similarity between the vaccine and challenge strains; more similarity, less virus shedding. The results obtained highlight that stringent biosecurity measures combined with vaccination are crucial for chicken farms to maintain a virulent NDV-free status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China.
| | - Xinyue Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Xuebo Jia
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
| | - Yabin Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, PR China
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27
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Criado MF, Kassa A, Bertran K, Kwon JH, Sá E Silva M, Killmaster L, Ross TM, Mebatsion T, Swayne DE. Efficacy of multivalent recombinant herpesvirus of turkey vaccines against high pathogenicity avian influenza, infectious bursal disease, and Newcastle disease viruses. Vaccine 2023; 41:2893-2904. [PMID: 37012117 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are an essential tool for the control of viral infections in domestic animals. We generated recombinant vector herpesvirus of turkeys (vHVT) vaccines expressing computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) H5 of avian influenza virus (AIV) alone (vHVT-AI) or in combination with virus protein 2 (VP2) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) (vHVT-IBD-AI) or fusion (F) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (vHVT-ND-AI). In vaccinated chickens, all three vHVT vaccines provided 90-100% clinical protection against three divergent clades of high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs), and significantly decreased number of birds and oral viral shedding titers at 2 days post-challenge compared to shams. Four weeks after vaccination, most vaccinated birds had H5 hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers, which significantly increased post-challenge. The vHVT-IBD-AI and vHVT-ND-AI vaccines provided 100% clinical protection against IBDVs and NDV, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that multivalent HVT vector vaccines were efficacious for simultaneous control of HPAIV and other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miria F Criado
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 166 Greene Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Aemro Kassa
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Kateri Bertran
- Unitat mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain; IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal. Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra 08193, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mariana Sá E Silva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - Lindsay Killmaster
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Dr, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Teshome Mebatsion
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA 30601, USA.
| | - David E Swayne
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. National Poultry Research Center (USNPRC), Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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28
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Zhang D, Ding Z, Xu X. Pathologic Mechanisms of the Newcastle Disease Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040864. [PMID: 37112843 PMCID: PMC10143668 DOI: 10.3390/v15040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) has been a consistent risk factor to the poultry industry worldwide. Its pathogen, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is also a promising antitumor treatment candidate. The pathogenic mechanism has intrigued the great curiosity of researchers, and advances in the last two decades have been summarized in this paper. The NDV’s pathogenic ability is highly related to the basic protein structure of the virus, which is described in the Introduction of this review. The overall clinical signs and recent findings pertaining to NDV-related lymph tissue damage are then described. Given the involvement of cytokines in the overall virulence of NDV, cytokines, particularly IL6 and IFN expressed during infection, are reviewed. On the other hand, the host also has its way of antagonizing the virus, which starts with the detection of the pathogen. Thus, advances in NDV’s physiological cell mechanism and the subsequent IFN response, autophagy, and apoptosis are summarized to provide a whole picture of the NDV infection process.
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Cong J, Feng X, Kang H, Fu W, Wang L, Wang C, Li X, Chen Y, Rao Z. Structure of the Newcastle Disease Virus L protein in complex with tetrameric phosphoprotein. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1324. [PMID: 36898997 PMCID: PMC10006412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to Paramyxoviridae, which contains lethal human and animal pathogens. NDV RNA genome is replicated and transcribed by a multifunctional 250 kDa RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein). To date, high-resolution structure of NDV L protein complexed with P protein remains to be elucidated, limiting our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Paramyxoviridae replication/transcription. Here, we used cryo-EM and enzymatic assays to investigate the structure-function relationship of L-P complex. We found that C-terminal of CD-MTase-CTD module of the atomic-resolution L-P complex conformationally rearranges, and the priming/intrusion loops are likely in RNA elongation conformations different from previous structures. The P protein adopts a unique tetrameric organization and interacts with L protein. Our findings indicate that NDV L-P complex represents elongation state distinct from previous structures. Our work greatly advances the understanding of Paramyxoviridae RNA synthesis, revealing how initiation/elongation alternates, providing clues for identifying therapeutic targets against Paramyxoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Cong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiling Kang
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wangjun Fu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Wang
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yutao Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zihe Rao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Kumar BA, Panickan S, Bindu S, Kumar V, Ramakrishnan S, Sonal, Shrivastava S, Dandapat S. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccine encapsulated in poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102679. [PMID: 37116285 PMCID: PMC10160591 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunization experiment was conducted in specific pathogen-free chickens with the inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine encapsulated in the poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP) to evaluate its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. The NDV vaccine was prepared by inactivating one virulent Indian strain of NDV belonging to Genotype VII by using beta-propiolactone. PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating inactivated NDV were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy and zeta sizer analysis revealed that the (PLGA+NDV) NP were spherical, with an average size of 300 nm, having a zeta potential of -6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were 72% and 2.4%, respectively. On immunization trial in chicken, the (PLGA+NDV) NP induced significantly (P < 0.0001) higher levels of HI and IgY antibodies with the peak HI titer of 28 and higher expression of IL-4 mRNA. The consistency of higher antibody levels suggests slow and pulsatile release of the antigens from the (PLGA+NDV) NP. The nano-NDV vaccine also induced cell mediated immunity with higher expression of IFN-γ indicating strong Th1 mediated immune responses in contrast to the commercial oil adjuvanted inactivated NDV vaccine. Further, the (PLGA+NDV) NP afforded 100% protection against the virulent NDV challenge. Our results suggested that PLGA NP have adjuvant potential on induction of humoral as well as Th1 biased cell mediated immune responses and also enhanced protective efficacy of the inactivated NDV vaccine. This study provides an insight for development of PLGA NP based inactivated NDV vaccine using the same genotype circulating in the field as well as for other avian diseases at exigencies.
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Smith T, O’Kennedy MM, Ross CS, Lewis NS, Abolnik C. The production of Newcastle disease virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana as potential vaccines. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1130910. [PMID: 36875611 PMCID: PMC9978804 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1130910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral respiratory and neurological disease that has a severe impact on poultry production worldwide. In the present study, an expression platform was established for the transient production in N.bethamiana of ND virus-like particles (VLPs) for use as vaccines against ND. The expression of the ND Fusion (F) and/or Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of a genotype VII.2 strain formed ND VLPs in planta as visualized under the transmission electron microscope, and HN-containing VLPs agglutinated chicken erythrocytes with hemagglutination (HA) titres of up to 13 log2.The immunogenicity of the partially-purified ND VLPs was confirmed in specific-pathogen-free White leghorn chickens. Birds receiving a single intramuscular immunization with 1024 HA units (10 log2) of the F/HN ND VLPs administered with 20% [v/v] Emulsigen®-P adjuvant, seroconverted after 14 days with F- and HN-specific antibodies at ELISA titres of 5705.17 and HI geometric mean titres (GMTs) of 6.2 log2, respectively. Furthermore, these ND-specific antibodies successfully inhibited viral replication in vitro of two antigenically closely-related ND virus isolates, with virus-neutralization test GMTs of 3.47 and 3.4, respectively. Plant-produced ND VLPs have great potential as antigen-matched vaccines for poultry and other avian species that are highly immunogenic, cost-effective, and facilitate prompt updating to ensure improved protection against emerging ND field viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Smith
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, Pretoria, South Africa
- Next Generation Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martha M. O’Kennedy
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, Pretoria, South Africa
- Next Generation Health, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Craig S. Ross
- Avian Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola S. Lewis
- Avian Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Woodham Lane, Addlestone, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Abolnik
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, Pretoria, South Africa
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32
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Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Lateral Flow Assay Strip for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus Antibodies. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020152. [PMID: 36851456 PMCID: PMC9966506 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute septicemic infectious disease caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Considering that vaccination is currently the main modality for the prevention of ND, it is essential to assess the effectiveness of clinical immunization. In this study, we have developed a blocking lateral flow assay (bLFA) strip for the rapid detection of NDV antibodies using the monoclonal antibody 9C1 against haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), which allows for the determination of an NDV-specific antibody titer within 10 min at room temperature. In addition, the bLFA strip has no cross-reactivity with the positive serum of other avian pathogens including avian influenza subtypes H5, H7, and H9, MD, IBD, IB, EDS, and avian adenovirus. The ability of the bLFA strip for detecting a neutralizing antibody was also estimated. The results showed that the chicken NDV hyperimmunized serum had a complete blocking (100%) titer of 11 log 2, and half-blocking titer of 13 log 2, which are 4 times less than and the same as that of the HI test (13 log 2), and 8 and 2 times less than that of the VN test (14 log 2), respectively. A total of 510 clinical samples were tested for NDV antibodies. The coincidence rate between the results of the bLFA strip and HI test was 97.65%. Therefore, it is an ideal alternative method for assessing the clinical immunity of ND vaccines in the field in real-time.
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Yehia N, Salem HM, Mahmmod Y, Said D, Samir M, Mawgod SA, Sorour HK, AbdelRahman MAA, Selim S, Saad AM, El-Saadony MT, El-Meihy RM, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Zanaty AM. Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102553. [PMID: 36965253 PMCID: PMC10064437 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens that cause chronic diseases in birds use the respiratory tract as a primary route of infection, and respiratory disorders are the main leading source of financial losses in the poultry business. Respiratory infections are a serious problem facing the poultry sector, causing severe economic losses. Avian influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, and avian pneumovirus are particularly serious viral respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Staphylococcus, Bordetella avium, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Escherichia coli have been identified as the most serious bacterial respiratory pathogens in poultry. This review gives an updated summary, incorporating the latest data, about the evidence for the circulation of widespread, economically important poultry respiratory pathogens, with special reference to possible methods for the control and prevention of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed Yehia
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mahmmod
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalia Said
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Sara Abdel Mawgod
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Hend K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona A A AbdelRahman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha M El-Meihy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ali M Zanaty
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza 12618, Egypt
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Goraichuk IV, Gerilovych A, Bolotin V, Solodiankin O, Dimitrov KM, Rula O, Muzyka N, Mezinov O, Stegniy B, Kolesnyk O, Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Miller PJ, Afonso CL, Muzyka D. Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1026296. [PMID: 36742982 PMCID: PMC9893288 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1026296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna V. Goraichuk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anton Gerilovych
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Bolotin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexii Solodiankin
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kiril M. Dimitrov
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Oleksandr Rula
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Mezinov
- The F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve “Askania Nova”, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Askania-Nova, Kherson Oblast, Ukraine
| | - Borys Stegniy
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Kolesnyk
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Patti J. Miller
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Claudio L. Afonso
- Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Centre, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine,Department of Zoology, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Denys Muzyka ✉
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Matsunaga N, Ijiri M, Ishikawa K, Ozawa M, Okuya K, Khalil AM, Kojima I, Esaki M, Masatani T, Matsui T, Fujimoto Y. Avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 isolation from migratory birds and environmental water in southern Japan: An epidemiological survey during the 2018/19-2021/2022 winter seasons. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:185-193. [PMID: 36628409 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease caused by highly pathogenic viruses of avian paramyxovirus serotype-1 (APMV-1) is a highly contagious poultry disease. Although a large-scale epidemic of Newcastle disease had occurred in Japan between the 1950s and the 2000s, there have been no outbreaks anywhere since 2010. In addition, there are no reports of epidemiological surveys of APMV-1 in wild birds in Japan in the last 10 years. We conducted the first epidemiological survey of APMV-1 in the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture of southern Japan from the winter of 2018 to 2022. A total of 15 APMV-1 strains were isolated, and isolation rates from roosting water and duck fecal samples were 2.51% and 0.10%, respectively. These results indicate that the isolation method from environmental water may be useful for efficient surveillance of APMV-1 in wild birds. Furthermore, this is the first report on the success of APMV-1 isolation from environmental water samples. Genetic analysis of the Fusion (F) gene showed that all APMV-1 isolates were closely related to virus strains circulating among waterfowl in Far East Asian countries. All isolates have avirulent motifs in their cleavage site of F genes, all of which were presumed to be low pathogenic viruses in poultry. However, pathogenicity test using embryonated chicken eggs demonstrated that some isolates killed all chicken embryos regardless of viral doses inoculated (102 -106 50% egg infectious dose). These results indicated that APMV-1 strains, which are potentially pathogenic to chickens, are continuously brought into the Izumi plain by migrating wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonoka Matsunaga
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Moe Ijiri
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kemi Ishikawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okuya
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mana Esaki
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Matsui
- Kagoshima Crane Conservation Committee, Izumi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Newcastle disease burden in Nepal and efficacy of Tablet I2 vaccine in commercial and backyard poultry production. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280688. [PMID: 36897867 PMCID: PMC10004539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry (Gallus domesticus) farming plays an important role as an income generating enterprise in a developing country like Nepal, contributing more than 4% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Newcastle Disease (ND) is a major poultry disease affecting both commercial and backyard poultry production worldwide. There were more than 90 reported ND outbreaks in Nepal in 2018 with over 74,986 birds being affected. ND is responsible for over 7% of total poultry mortality in the country. Recent outbreaks of ND in 2021 affected many farms throughout Nepal and caused massive loss in poultry production. ND is caused by a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that presents very similar clinical symptoms as Influenza A (commonly known as bird flu) adding much complexity to clinical disease identification and intervention. We conducted a nationwide ND and Influenza A (IA) prevalence study, collecting samples from representative commercial and backyard poultry farms from across the major poultry production hubs of Nepal. We used both serological and molecular assessments to determine disease exposure history and identification of strains of ND Virus (NDV). Of the 40 commercial farms tested, both NDV (n = 28, 70%) and IAV (n = 11, 27.5%) antibodies were detected in majority of the samples. In the backyard farms (n = 36), sero-prevalence of NDV and IAV were 17.5% (n = 7) and 7.5% (n = 3) respectively. Genotype II NDV was present in most of the commercial farms, which was likely due to live vaccine usage. We detected never reported Genotype I NDV in two backyard farm samples. Our investigation into 2021 ND outbreak implicated Genotype VII.2 NDV strain as the causative pathogen. Additionally, we developed a Tablet formulation of the thermostable I2-NDV vaccine (Ranigoldunga™) and assessed its efficacy on various (mixed) breeds of chicken (Gallus domesticus). Ranigoldunga™ demonstrated an overall efficacy >85% with a stability of 30 days at room temperature (25°C). The intraocularly administered vaccine was highly effective in preventing ND, including Genotype VII.2 NDV strain.
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Khabiri A, Toroghi R, Mohammadabadi M, Tabatabaeizadeh SE. Introduction of a Newcastle disease virus challenge strain (sub-genotype VII.1.1) isolated in Iran. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:221-228. [PMID: 37181855 PMCID: PMC10170471 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2022.548152.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) sub-genotype VII.1.1 is the most common circulating NDV in Iran. In this study, a velogenic NDV isolate was plaque purified and then characterized according to Office International des Epizooties (OIE) standard protocols. The biological properties of the purified isolate named CH/RT40/IR/2011 were characterized using sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, measurement of pathogenicity indexes and challenge studies. The isolate was plaque purified on chicken embryo fibroblast cells for three rounds and then characterized using molecular and biological approaches. Phylogenetic and evolutionary distance analysis of fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes classified the virus in sub-genotype VII.1.1. No mutation was observed in the glycosylation and neutralizing epitope sites of the fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins compared to other reported Iranian NDV VII.1.1 isolates. The presence of the 112RRQKRF117 motif in the fusion protein cleavage site together with mean death time, intracerebral pathogenicity index and intravenous pathogenicity index of 57 hr, 1.80 and 2.50 respectively, revealed that the RT40 isolate was a velogenic NDV. In the challenge study, all chickens were inoculated via eye drop, and intranasal route with RT40 isolate died within a week. While all chickens in the vaccinated and challenged group survived and showed no clinical signs. In conclusion, according to genetic analysis, pathotyping and challenge study, the RT40 isolate was similar to virulent NDVs in Iran and was a suitable candidate for a national standard challenge strain, vaccine trials and vaccine production in commercial levers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Khabiri
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran;
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Toroghi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran;
- Correspondence Reza Toroghi. DVM, PhD Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran E-mail:
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Seyed-Elias Tabatabaeizadeh
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran;
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Farzin HR, Ajam G, Asgharzadeh M, Zanguei Motlagh Z, Ghasemitabas S, Tabatabaeizadeh SE, Zibaee S, Jamshidian-Mojaver M. The role of the major viral pathogens in a respiratory disease outbreak of broiler flocks in Eastern Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2023; 24:205-214. [PMID: 38269018 PMCID: PMC10804424 DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2023.45051.6632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 are major viral pathogens in broiler respiratory disease. Aims Following a respiratory disease outbreak and economic losses in eastern Iran 2020-2021, we investigated the role of major viral pathogens and the implemented vaccination programs. Methods Thirty-six respiratory disease affected broiler flocks in South Khorasan province were sampled, molecularly tested, and coinfections were investigated. The vaccination programs were obtained and the detected IBV were genotyped. Results IBV, virulent NDV, and AIV H9N2 were detected in twenty-five, seven, and seven flocks, respectively. IBV+AIV, IBV+NDV, and NDV+AIV coinfections were respectively detected in six, five, and one flocks. Most IBV infected flocks (84%) had been immunized with a live IBV-Mass vaccine. All NDV infected flocks and 14.2% of AIV infected flocks had been vaccinated. IBV genotyping showed a high prevalence of variant 2 (83.3%), followed by Mass-type (12.5%), and Q1-type (4.2%). Variant 2 IB viruses were widely distributed in the province and half of them were mostly similar to the ones that had been detected in northern neighboring province, Khorasan Razavi. Conclusion Single infection with variant 2 IBV was a major cause of the respiratory disease outbreak in which use of the Mass vaccine was probably not effective. The high coverage and multiple doses of vaccination against Newcastle disease possibly had reduced the prevalence of NDV. Considering the regional origin of IBV strains, strong biosecurity measures should be implemented and vaccination programs using appropriate vaccine strains should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Farzin
- Department of Biotechnology and Veterinary Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | - G. Ajam
- Ph.D. Student in Medical Virology, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran (current address)
- Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine, South Khorasan Veterinary Service Head Office, Birjand, Iran
| | - M. Asgharzadeh
- Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine, South Khorasan Veterinary Service Head Office, Birjand, Iran
| | - Z. Zanguei Motlagh
- Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine, South Khorasan Veterinary Service Head Office, Birjand, Iran
| | - S. Ghasemitabas
- Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine, South Khorasan Veterinary Service Head Office, Birjand, Iran
| | - S. E. Tabatabaeizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Veterinary Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | - S. Zibaee
- Department of Biotechnology and Veterinary Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
| | - M. Jamshidian-Mojaver
- Department of Biotechnology and Veterinary Research, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran
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Lu S, Ma B, Zhou H, Li Y, Qiao Z, Xiao T, Li H, Wang B, Cui M, Zhang S, Chang J, Du T, Liu J, Wang H. Smartphone recognition-based immune microparticles for rapid on-site visual data-sharing detection of Newcastle disease virus. Talanta 2023; 252:123845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Haddas R. Newcastle Disease Virus. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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He L, Wang H, Yu Z, Liao C, Ding K, Zhang C, Yu C, Zhang C. Rescue of an enterotropic Newcastle disease virus strain ZM10 from cloned cDNA and stable expressing an inserted foreign gene. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:38. [PMID: 36471312 PMCID: PMC9724440 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZM10, a typical enterotropic avirulent vaccine strain, has been widely used in China for chickens against Newcastle disease. To elucidate its enterotropic mechanism and develop recombiant multivalent vaccines based on it, the reverse genetics system for NDV ZM10 is an indispensable platform. RESULTS A full-length cDNA clone of NDV ZM10 and three supporting plasmids were constructed using the ligation-independent cloning method. Recombinant NDV rZM10 was successfully rescued after these plasmids were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Besides, the recombinant virus rZM10-RFP encoding the red fluorescent protein was generated by inserting the RFP gene into the full-length clone of NDV between the P and M genes. These rescued viruses were genetically and biologically identical to the parental strain and showed similar growth kinetics. CONCLUSION The recovery system of NDV ZM10 strain was established, and can be used as a foundation for research on the enterotropic mechanism and development of multivalent vaccines against viral diseases of livestock and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Hairong Wang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Chengshui Liao
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Ke Ding
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Cai Zhang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471900 Henan China
| | - Chunjie Zhang
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900College of Animal Science and Technology/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023 Henan China
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Fellahi S, Rawi T, Fagrach A, Berrada L, Delvecchio A, Touzani CD, Houadfi ME, Kichou F, Lemiere S. Assessing the Efficacy of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccines (Double-Insert vHVT-IBD-ND and Single-Insert vHVT-ND) Followed by a Vaccination with a Live Newcastle Disease Vaccine Against a Moroccan Velogenic Newcastle Disease Challenge in Commercial Broilers. Avian Dis 2022; 66:396-403. [PMID: 36715470 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advent of turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vector vaccine technology (vHVT) has made a huge improvement in the prevention and control of several poultry diseases. The objective of this study was to compare, under experimental conditions, the protection conferred by different vaccination programs based on an HVT double-insert (infectious bursal disease {IBD] and Newcastle disease [ND]) vector vaccine (vHVT-IBD-ND) and an HVT single-insert (vHVT-ND) vector vaccine followed by a vaccination with a live ND vaccine at Day 1 only or at Days 1 and 14. Commercial broilers were vaccinated by the recombinant ND virus vaccines subcutaneously at 1 day old, in the hatchery, and challenged at 30 days of age using the Moroccan ND virus velogenic viscerotropic JEL strain. The results showed that the tested vaccine induced 95% to 100% clinical protection against mortality and clinical signs. The humoral immune response to vaccination was detected from 3 wk of age using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hemagglutination inhibition tests. ND challenge virus shedding was significantly reduced in the vaccinated birds as compared to controls. Significant reduction of the cloacal shedding suggests that the vHVT-IBD-ND vaccine stimulates actively the immunity against the tested ND challenge virus. No significant differences were found between the vaccination programs based on vHVT-IBD-ND or on vHVT-ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Fellahi
- Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000), ,
| | - Taoufik Rawi
- Boehringer Ingelheim animal health, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Asma Fagrach
- Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Lamiae Berrada
- Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | | | - Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Mohammed El Houadfi
- Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
| | - Faouzi Kichou
- Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco (10000)
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The First Report of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus of Genotype VII.2 Causing Outbreaks in Chickens in Bangladesh. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122627. [PMID: 36560631 PMCID: PMC9788440 DOI: 10.3390/v14122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is endemic in poultry in Bangladesh. We performed genotypic and pathotypic characterization of four ND virus (NDV) isolates from recent outbreaks in broiler chickens in Bangladesh during the period of 2020-2021. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete fusion protein gene coding sequences classified the viruses into NDV class II genotype VII.2 together with viruses from Indonesia isolated between 2014 and 2021 and a single 2020 Indian isolate. Pathogenicity testing using the intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chickens and mean embryo death time in embryonating chicken eggs revealed that the Bangladeshi isolates are velogenic. Inoculation of 35-day-old chickens with two NDV isolates (LT67 and N5) resulted in 100% morbidity by 3 days post inoculation (DPI), and all birds succumbed to infection by 7 DPI. Massive hemorrhages, congestion and necrotic lesions were observed in different visceral organs, which were typical for infection with a velogenic viscerotropic pathotype of NDV. At microscopic examination, tracheitis, severe pneumonia, focal proventriculitis, transmural enteritis, focal myocarditis, severe congestion and necrosis in kidneys, and lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues were found. Our study reports the first outbreak of the panzootic genotype VII.2 NDV in poultry in Bangladesh and documents a possible recent re-introduction of this NDV genotype from Southeast or East Asia. This study further provides viral distribution and epidemiological data that can facilitate the effective control of NDV.
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Analysis of Amino Acid Changes in the Fusion Protein of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus from Vaccinated Poultry in Nigerian Isolates. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9979683. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9979683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of fusion gene in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus are well established, but the extent of its variation among the XIV, XVII, and XVIII genotypes reported in Central Africa and West Africa has until recently been understudied. In this study, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) was isolated from dead chickens among vaccinated flocks between March and April 2020. Fusion (F) gene was sequenced and analysed for characterization and information about genetic changes. Many substitutions were observed along the region and some of their functions are yet to be determined. Results showed that all study isolates have virulent cleavage site sequence 112-RRRKR-116/F117 and clustered within genotype XIVb. Sequence analysis showed K78R mutation in the A2 antigenic epitope in all isolates and more along the F-gene which varied in some instances within the isolates. Mutation in this A2 antigenic epitope has been reported to induce escape mutation to monoclonal antibodies generated using the NDV LaSota strain. The range of percentage nucleotide and amino acid homology between the study isolates and commercially available vaccine strains is 81.14%–84.39% and 0.175–0.211, respectively. This report provides evidence of vNDV among vaccinated chicken flock and molecular information about circulating vNDV strains in Kano State, Nigeria, which is useful for the development of virus matched vaccines. Newcastle disease (ND) surveillance and molecular analysis of circulating strains in this region should be encouraged and reported. Furthermore, ND outbreaks or cases among vaccinated poultry presented to veterinary clinics should be reported to the state epidemiologist. Nucleotide sequences were assigned accession numbers OK491971–OK491977.
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Genetic Analyses of Response of Local Ghanaian Tanzanian Chicken Ecotypes to a Natural Challenge with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202755. [PMID: 36290141 PMCID: PMC9597780 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease (ND) is a global threat to poultry production and often has a major impact on chicken welfare and the livelihoods of rural poultry farmers. We exposed unvaccinated Ghanaian and Tanzanian local chicken ecotypes to velogenic Newcastle disease virus strains, and measured response traits to understand the genetic basis of ND. We identified heritable ND response traits and revealed differences in survival between Ghanaian and Tanzanian local chicken ecotype birds. Our findings indicate that velogenic ND resistance could be improved through selective breeding of local chicken ecotypes in regions where the disease is endemic. Abstract Newcastle disease is a devastating poultry disease that often causes significant economic losses in poultry in the developing countries of Africa, Asia, as well as South and Central America. Velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) outbreaks are associated with high mortalities, which can threaten household livelihoods, especially in the rural areas, and lead to loss of high-quality proteins in the form of meat and eggs, as well as household purchasing power. In this study, we exposed unvaccinated Ghanaian and Tanzanian chickens of six local ecotypes to velogenic NDV strains, measured NDV response traits, sequenced their DNA on a genotyping-by-sequencing platform, and performed variance component analyses. The collected phenotypes included: growth rates (pre- and post-exposure); lesion scores (gross lesion severity) in the trachea, proventriculus, intestine, and cecal tonsils; natural antibody levels; anti-NDV antibody levels at 7 days post exposure (dpe); tear and cloacal viral load at 2, 4, and 6 dpe; and survival time. Heritability estimates were low to moderate, ranging from 0.11 for average lesion scores to 0.36 for pre-exposure growth rate. Heritability estimates for survival time were 0.23 and 0.27 for the Tanzanian and Ghanaian ecotypes, respectively. Similar heritability estimates were observed when data were analyzed either separately or combined for the two countries. Survival time was genetically negatively correlated with lesion scores and with viral load. Results suggested that response to mesogenic or velogenic NDV of these local chicken ecotypes could be improved by selective breeding. Chickens that are more resilient to velogenic NDV can improve household livelihoods in developing countries.
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Pereira MR, Machado LC, de Oliveira Carvalho RD, de Lima Cavalcanti TYV, da Silva Filho GB, de Sousa Lima T, Fonseca SMC, de Assis Leite Souza F, da Luz Wallau G, de Souza Mendonça F, de Oliveira Franca RF. Identification of a Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from Pigeons (Columbia livia) in Northeastern Brazil Using Next-Generation Genome Sequencing. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071579. [PMID: 35891559 PMCID: PMC9319777 DOI: 10.3390/v14071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also known as avian paramyxoviruses 1 (APMV-1) is among the most important viruses infecting avian species. Given its widespread circulation, there is a high risk for the reintroduction of virulent strains into the domestic poultry industry, making the surveillance of wild and domestic birds a crucial process to appropriately respond to novel outbreaks. In the present study, we investigated an outbreak characterized by the identification of sick pigeons in a large municipality in Northeastern Brazil in 2018. The affected pigeons presented neurological signs, including motor incoordination, torticollis, and lethargy. Moribund birds were collected, and through a detailed histopathological analysis we identified severe lymphoplasmacytic meningoencephalitis with perivascular cuffs and gliosis in the central nervous system, and lymphoplasmacytic inflammation in the liver, kidney, and intestine. A total of five pigeons tested positive for NDV, as assessed by rRT-PCR targeted to the M gene. Laboratory virus isolation on Vero E6 cells confirmed infection, after the recovery of infectious NVD from brain and kidney tissues. We next characterized the isolated NDV/pigeon/PE-Brazil/MP003/2018 by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenetic analysis grouped the virus with other NDV class II isolates from subgenotype VI.2.1.2, including two previous NDV isolates from Brazil in 2014 and 2019. The diversity of aminoacid residues at the fusion F protein cleavage site was analyzed identifying the motif RRQKR↓F, typical of virulent strains. Our results all highlight the importance of virus surveillance in wild and domestic birds, especially given the risk of zoonotic NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena Ribeiro Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil;
| | - Lais Ceschini Machado
- Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (R.D.d.O.C.); (G.d.L.W.)
| | | | | | - Givaldo Bom da Silva Filho
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Telma de Sousa Lima
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Silvio Miguel Castillo Fonseca
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Francisco de Assis Leite Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Department of Entomology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (R.D.d.O.C.); (G.d.L.W.)
| | - Fábio de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratory of Animal Diagnosis, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171-900, PE, Brazil; (M.R.P.); (G.B.d.S.F.); (T.d.S.L.); (S.M.C.F.); (F.d.A.L.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.M.); (R.F.d.O.F.)
| | - Rafael Freitas de Oliveira Franca
- Department of Virology and Experimental Therapy, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation—Fiocruz, Recife 54740-465, PE, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (F.d.S.M.); (R.F.d.O.F.)
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Intranasal vaccination of hamsters with a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing the S1 subunit protects animals against SARS-CoV-2 disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10359. [PMID: 35725862 PMCID: PMC9208357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has already claimed millions of lives and remains one of the major catastrophes in the recorded history. While mitigation and control strategies provide short term solutions, vaccines play critical roles in long term control of the disease. Recent emergence of potentially vaccine-resistant and novel variants necessitated testing and deployment of novel technologies that are safe, effective, stable, easy to administer, and inexpensive to produce. Here we developed three recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) vectored vaccines and assessed their immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice and hamsters. Intranasal administration of rNDV-based vaccine candidates elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the nasally administrated vaccine prevented lung damage, and significantly reduced viral load in the respiratory tract of vaccinated animal which was compounded by profound humoral immune responses. Taken together, the presented NDV-based vaccine candidates fully protected animals against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and warrants evaluation in a Phase I human clinical trial as a promising tool in the fight against COVID-19.
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Heterologous prime-boost vaccination programs against Newcastle disease virus genotype VII in chickens. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 87:101836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ravikumar R, Chan J, Prabakaran M. Vaccines against Major Poultry Viral Diseases: Strategies to Improve the Breadth and Protective Efficacy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061195. [PMID: 35746665 PMCID: PMC9230070 DOI: 10.3390/v14061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major source of concern for the industry. Mortality and morbidity resulting from an outbreak can cause significant economic losses with subsequent detrimental impacts on the global food supply chain. Mass vaccination is one of the main strategies for controlling and preventing viral infection in poultry. The development of broadly protective vaccines against avian viral diseases will alleviate selection pressure on field virus strains and simplify vaccination regimens for commercial farms with overall savings in husbandry costs. With the increasing number of emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases in the poultry industry, there is an urgent need to understand the strategies for broadening the protective efficacy of the vaccines against distinct viral strains. The current review provides an overview of viral vaccines and vaccination regimens available for common avian viral infections, and strategies for developing safer and more efficacious viral vaccines for poultry.
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Zai X, Shi B, Shao H, Qian K, Ye J, Yao Y, Nair V, Qin A. Identification of a Novel Insertion Site HVT-005/006 for the Generation of Recombinant Turkey Herpesvirus Vector. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:886873. [PMID: 35694305 PMCID: PMC9174942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.886873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) has been widely used as a successful live virus vaccine against Marek's disease (MD) in chickens for more than five decades. Increasingly, HVT is also used as a highly effective recombinant vaccine vector against multiple avian pathogens. Conventional recombination, or recombineering, techniques that involve the cloning of viral genomes and, more recently, gene editing methods have been used for the generation of recombinant HVT-based vaccines. In this study, we used NHEJ-dependent CRISPR/Cas9-based approaches to insert the mCherry cassette for the screening of the HVT genome and identifying new potential sites for the insertion of foreign genes. A novel intergenic site HVT-005/006 in the unique long (UL) region of the HVT genome was identified, and mCherry was found to be stably expressed when inserted at this site. To confirm whether this site was suitable for the insertion of other exogenous genes, haemagglutinin (HA) of the H9N2 virus was inserted into this site, and a recombinant HVT-005/006-HA was rescued. The recombinant HVT-HA can grow well and express HA protein stably, which demonstrated that HVT-005/006 is a promising site for the insertion of foreign genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Zai
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou, China
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