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Chen Y, Wei Y, Tang W. The role of hydrogen in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176586. [PMID: 38615891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a primary cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid oxidative deposition. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and has potential to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism disorders, which is believed to exert beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of CHD. It is suggested that H2 reduces inflammation in CHD by regulating multiple pathways, including NF-κB inflammatory pathway, pyroptosis, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Additionally, H2 may improve glycolipid metabolism by mediation of PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways, contributing to inhibition of the occurrence and development of CHD. This review elaborates pathogenesis of CHD and evaluates the role of H2 in CHD. Moreover, possible molecular mechanisms have been discussed and speculated, aiming to provide more strategies and directions for subsequent studies of H2 in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Chen
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271100, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
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2
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Ma L, Gao Y, Yang G, Zhao L, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Li S. Notoginsenoside R1 Ameliorate High-Fat-Diet and Vitamin D3-Induced Atherosclerosis via Alleviating Inflammatory Response, Inhibiting Endothelial Dysfunction, and Regulating Gut Microbiota. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1821-1832. [PMID: 38845851 PMCID: PMC11155380 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s451565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Natural medicines possess significant research and application value in the field of atherosclerosis (AS) treatment. The study was performed to investigate the impacts of a natural drug component, notoginsenoside R1, on the development of atherosclerosis (AS) and the potential mechanisms. Methods Rats induced with AS by a high-fat-diet and vitamin D3 were treated with notoginsenoside R1 for six weeks. The ameliorative effect of NR1 on AS rats was assessed by detecting pathological changes in the abdominal aorta, biochemical indices in serum and protein expression in the abdominal aorta, as well as by analysing the gut microbiota. Results The NR1 group exhibited a noticeable reduction in plaque pathology. Notoginsenoside R1 can significantly improve serum lipid profiles, encompassing TG, TC, LDL, ox-LDL, and HDL. Simultaneously, IL-6, IL-33, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels are decreased by notoginsenoside R1 in lowering inflammatory elements. Notoginsenoside R1 can suppress the secretion of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, as well as enhance the levels of plasma NO and eNOS. Furthermore, notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the NLRP3/Cleaved Caspase-1/IL-1β inflammatory pathway and reduces the expression of the JNK2/P38 MAPK/VEGF endothelial damage pathway. Fecal analysis showed that notoginsenoside R1 remodeled the gut microbiota of AS rats by decreasing the count of pathogenic bacteria (such as Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) and increasing the quantity of probiotic bacteria (such as Bacteroidetes). Conclusion Notoginsenoside R1, due to its unique anti-inflammatory properties, may potentially prevent the progression of atherosclerosis. This mechanism helps protect the vascular endothelium from damage, while also regulating the imbalance of intestinal microbiota, thereby maintaining the overall health of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Ma
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yansong Gao
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Yang
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijian Zhao
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenhui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Li
- Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China), Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Chen F, Yu X. Circ_0002331 Interacts with ELAVL1 to Improve ox-LDL-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction via Regulating CCND2 mRNA Stability. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09865-2. [PMID: 38743320 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been discovered to serve as vital regulators in atherosclerosis (AS). However, the role and mechanism of circ_0002331 in AS process are still unclear. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with ox-LDL to establish an in vitro model for AS. The expression levels of circ_0002331, Cyclin D2 (CCND2) and ELAVL1 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis were assessed by EdU assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and tube formation assay. The protein levels of CCND2, ELAVL1, and autophagy-related markers were detected using western blot analysis. IL-8 level was analyzed by ELISA. The relationship between ELAVL1 and circ_0002331 or CCND2 was analyzed by RIP assay and RNA pull-down assay. Moreover, FISH assay was used to analyze the co-localization of ELAVL1 and CCND2 in HUVECs. Our data showed that circ_0002331 was obviously downregulated in AS patients and ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Overexpression of circ_0002331 could promote proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, while inhibit apoptosis, autophagy and inflammation in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. Furthermore, CCND2 was positively regulated by circ_0002331, and circ_0002331 could bind with ELAVL1 to promote CCND2 mRNA stability. Besides, CCND2 overexpression suppressed ox-LDL-induced HUVECs dysfunction, and its knockdown also reversed the regulation of circ_0002331 on ox-LDL-induced HUVECs dysfunction. In conclusion, circ_0002331 might be a potential target for AS treatment, which could improve ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of HUVECs via regulating CCND2 by binding with ELAVL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lishui People's Hospital, No. 1188 Liyang Street, Yanquan Avenue, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Lu W, Wan G, Zhu H, Zhu T, Zhang X. MiR-497-5p regulates ox-LDL-induced dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells by targeting VEGFA/p38/MAPK pathway in atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28887. [PMID: 38601630 PMCID: PMC11004747 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The impairment of endothelial cells triggered by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stands as a critical event in the advancement of atherosclerosis (AS). MiR-497-5p has been recognized as a potential predictor for AS, but its precise involvement in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell dysfunction remains to be elucidated. Methods An in vitro AS cell model was established by exposing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 100 μg/mL ox-LDL for 24 h. The assessment of endothelial cell function included evaluating cell viability, caspase-3 activity, inflammatory factors, and oxidative markers. Molecular mechanisms were elucidated through quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter assays. Results Our investigation revealed that exposure to ox-LDL led to an upregulation in miR-497-5p and p-p38 levels, while downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and phosphorylated (p)-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) in HUVECs. Ox-LDL exposure resulted in decreased cell viability and angiogenic capacity, coupled with increased apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HUVECs, partially mediated by the upregulation of miR-497-5p. We confirmed VEGFA as a direct target of miR-497-5p. Interfering with VEGFA expression significantly reversed the effects mediated by miR-497-5p silencing in HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL. Conclusions In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR-497-5p exacerbates ox-LDL-induced dysfunction in HUVECs through the activation of the p38/MAPK pathway, mediated by the targeting of VEGFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, China
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5
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Yang S, Min X, Hu L, Zheng M, Lu S, Zhao M, Jia S. RFX1 regulates foam cell formation and atherosclerosis by mediating CD36 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111751. [PMID: 38402833 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis (AS) is a continuously low-grade inflammatory disease, and monocyte-derived macrophages play a vital role in AS pathogenesis. Regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) has been reported to participate in differentiation of various cells. Our previous report showed that RFX1 expression in CD14+ monocytes from AS patients was decreased and closely related to AS development. Macrophages mostly derive from monocytes and play an important role in AS plaque formation and stability. However, the functions of RFX1 in the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells and consequent AS development are unclear. METHODS We explored the effects of RFX1 on oxidation low lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated foam cell formation and CD36 expression by increasing or silencing Rfx1 expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages (PMAs). The ApoE-/-Rfx1f/f or ApoE-/-Rfx1f/f Lyz2-Cre mice fed a high-fat diet for 24 weeks were used to further examine the effect of RFX1 on AS pathogenesis. We then performed dual luciferase reporter assays to study the regulation of RFX1 for CD36 transcription. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that RFX1 expression was significantly reduced in ox-LDL induced foam cells and negatively correlated with lipid uptake in macrophages. Besides, Rfx1 deficiency in myeloid cells aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Mechanistically, RFX1 inhibited CD36 expression by directly regulating CD36 transcription in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The reduction of RFX1 expression in macrophages is a vital determinant for foam cell formation and the initiation of AS, proving a potential novel approach for the treatment of AS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiaoli Min
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Longyuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha 410011, China; Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China.
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Li B, Xuan H, Yin Y, Wu S, Du L. The N 6-methyladenosine modification in pathologic angiogenesis. Life Sci 2024; 339:122417. [PMID: 38244915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The vascular system is a vital circulatory network in the human body that plays a critical role in almost all physiological processes. The production of blood vessels in the body is a significant area of interest for researchers seeking to improve their understanding of vascular function and maintain normal vascular operation. However, an excessive or insufficient vascular regeneration process may lead to the development of various ailments such as cancer, eye diseases, and ischemic diseases. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have revealed new molecular targets and principles that may enhance the therapeutic effect of anti-angiogenic strategies. A thorough comprehension of the mechanism responsible for the abnormal vascular growth in disease processes can enable researchers to better target and effectively suppress or treat the disease. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a common RNA methylation modification method, has emerged as a crucial regulator of various diseases by modulating vascular development. In this review, we will cover how m6A regulates various vascular-related diseases, such as cancer, ocular diseases, neurological diseases, ischemic diseases, emphasizing the mechanism of m6A methylation regulators on angiogenesis during pathological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanqin Xuan
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shusheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Mustafa K, Han Y, He D, Wang Y, Niu N, Jose PA, Jiang Y, Kopp JB, Lee H, Qu P. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases inhibition by olaparib attenuates activities of the NLRP3 inflammasome and of NF-κB in THP-1 monocytes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295837. [PMID: 38335214 PMCID: PMC10857571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a protein family that make ADP-ribose modifications on target genes and proteins. PARP family members contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, in which monocytes/macrophages play important roles. PARP inhibition is protective against atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which PARP inhibition exerts this beneficial effect are not well understood. Here we show that in THP-1 monocytes, inhibition of PARP by olaparib attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced protein expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components: NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1. Consistent with this effect, olaparib decreased oxLDL-enhanced interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 protein expression. Olaparib also decreased the oxLDL-mediated increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Similar to the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, olaparib attenuated oxLDL-induced adhesion of monocytes to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and reduced foam cell formation. Furthermore, olaparib attenuated the oxLDL-mediated activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB through the oxLDL-mediated increase in IκBα phosphorylation and assembly of NF-κB subunits, demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of IκBα with RelA/p50 and RelB/p52 subunits. Moreover, PARP inhibition decreased oxLDL-mediated protein expression of a NF-κB target gene, VCAM1, encoding vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. This finding indicates an important role for NF-κB activity in PARP-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PARP inhibition by olaparib attenuates NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activities, lessening monocyte cell adhesion and macrophage foam cell formation. These inhibitory effects of olaparib on NLRP3 activity potentially protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Mustafa
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hewang Lee
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peng Qu
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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8
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Xu H, Fu J, Tu Q, Shuai Q, Chen Y, Wu F, Cao Z. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin attenuates atherosclerosis progression by inducing autophagy. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:27-39. [PMID: 37792168 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide; however, the underlying mechanism has yet to be defined. The sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) empagliflozin is a new type of hypoglycemic drug. Recent studies have shown that empagliflozin not only reduces high glucose levels but also exerts cardiovascular-protective effects and slows the process of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which empagliflozin ameliorates atherosclerosis. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were fed a high-fat Western diet to establish an atherosclerosis model. The area and size of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice were then assessed by performing hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining after empagliflozin treatment. Concurrently, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was used to mimic atherosclerosis in three different types of cells. Then, following empagliflozin treatment of macrophage cells (RAW264.7), human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), western blotting was applied to measure the levels of autophagy-related proteins and proinflammatory cytokines, and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-light chain 3 (LC3) puncta were detected using confocal microscopy to confirm autophagosome formation. Oil Red O staining was performed to detect the foaming of macrophages and HASMCs, and flow cytometry was used for the cell cycle analysis. 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and scratch assays were also performed to examine the proliferation and migration of HASMCs. Empagliflozin suppressed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Empagliflozin also induced autophagy in RAW246.7 cells, HASMCs, and HUVECs via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, and it significantly increased the levels of the Beclin1 protein, the LC3B-II/I ratio, and p-AMPK protein. In addition, empagliflozin decreased the expression of P62 and the protein levels of inflammatory cytokines, and it inhibited the foaming of RAW246.7 cells and HASMCs, as well as the expression of inflammatory factors by inducing autophagy. Empagliflozin activated autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway to delay the progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the results of flow cytometry, EdU assays, CCK-8 cell viability assays, and scratch assays indicated that empagliflozin blocked HASMCs proliferation and migration. Empagliflozin activates autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway to delay the evolution of atherosclerosis, indicating that it may represent a new and effective drug for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Xu
- Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Qingyun Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Fuyun Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
| | - Zheng Cao
- Postgraduate Training Basement of Jinzhou Medical University, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
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9
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Su Z, Wang J, Xiao C, Zhong W, Liu J, Liu X, Zhu YZ. Functional role of Ash2l in oxLDL induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:62. [PMID: 38280036 PMCID: PMC10821849 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction in the artery wall fuel the process of atherosclerosis. As a key epigenetic regulator, Ash2l (Absent, small, or homeotic-Like 2) is involved in regulating vascular injury and its complications. However, the role of Ash2l in atherosclerosis has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we found increased Ash2l expression in high-cholesterol diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) treated endothelial cells (ECs). Furthermore, Ash2l promoted the scavenger receptors transcription by catalyzing histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation at the promoter region of transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and triggered the activation of the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) by enhancing interaction between CD36 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Meanwhile, enhanced expression of scavenger receptors drove more oxLDL uptake by ECs. In vivo studies revealed that ECs-specific Ash2l knockdown reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation and promoted fibrous cap stability in the aorta of ApoE-/- mice, which was partly associated with a reduced endothelial activation by suppressing scavenger receptors and the uptake of lipids by ECs. Collectively, our findings identify Ash2l as a novel regulator that mediates endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. Targeting Ash2l may provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic candidates for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Su
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinghuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chenxi Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Pharmacophenomics Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825, Zhangheng Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy and 1st affiliate hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa, Macau, China.
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10
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Oliver H, Ruta D, Thompson D, Kamli-Salino S, Philip S, Wilson HM, Mody N, Delibegovic M. Myeloid PTP1B deficiency protects against atherosclerosis by improving cholesterol homeostasis through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. J Transl Med 2023; 21:715. [PMID: 37828508 PMCID: PMC10568790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process induced by the influx and entrapment of excess lipoproteins into the intima media of arteries. Previously, our lab demonstrated that systemic PTP1B inhibition protects against atherosclerosis in preclinical LDLR-/- models. Similarly, it was shown that myeloid-specific PTP1B ablation decreases plaque formation and ameliorates dyslipidaemia in the ApoE-/- model of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the relevant improvements in dyslipidaemia following modification of PTP1B activation may either result from changes in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and/or increased uptake and degradation by liver-resident macrophages. We examined this in animal models and patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS In this study, we determined the cholesterol-lowering effect of myeloid-PTP1B deletion in mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet and examined effects on total cholesterol levels and lipoprotein profiles. We also determined the effects of PTP1B inhibition to oxLDL-C challenge on foam cell formation and cholesterol efflux in human monocytes/macrophages. RESULTS We present evidence that myeloid-PTP1B deficiency significantly increases the affinity of Kupffer cells for ApoB containing lipoproteins, in an IL10-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that PTP1B inhibitor, MSI-1436, treatment decreased foam cell formation in Thp1-derived macrophages and increased macrophage cholesterol efflux to HDL in an AMPK-dependent manner. We present evidence of three novel and distinct mechanisms regulated by PTP1B: an increase in cholesterol efflux from foam cells, decreased uptake of lipoproteins into intra-lesion macrophages in vitro and a decrease of circulating LDL-C and VLDL-C in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that myeloid-PTP1B inhibition has atheroprotective effects through improved cholesterol handling in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as increased reverse cholesterol transport. Trial registration Research registry, researchregistry 3235. Registered 07 November 2017, https://www.researchregistry.com/browse-the-registry#home/registrationdetails/5a01d0fce7e1904e93e0aac5/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Helk Oliver
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dekeryte Ruta
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Dawn Thompson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sarah Kamli-Salino
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sam Philip
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Grampian Diabetes Research Unit, JJR Macleod Centre, NHS Grampian, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Heather M Wilson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Nimesh Mody
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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11
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Hinkley H, Counts DA, VonCanon E, Lacy M. T Cells in Atherosclerosis: Key Players in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2152. [PMID: 37681883 PMCID: PMC10486666 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-rich plaques within arterial walls. T cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in which they help orchestrate immune responses and contribute to plaque development and instability. Here, we discuss the recognition of atherosclerosis-related antigens that may trigger T cell activation together with additional signaling from co-stimulatory molecules and lesional cytokines. Although few studies have indicated candidates for the antigen specificity of T cells in atherosclerosis, further research is needed. Furthermore, we describe the pro-atherogenic and atheroprotective roles of diverse subsets of T cells such as CD4+ helper, CD8+ cytotoxic, invariant natural killer, and γδ T cells. To classify and quantify T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, we summarize current methods to analyze cellular heterogeneity including single cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing. Further insights into T cell biology will help shed light on the immunopathology of atherosclerosis, inform potential therapeutic interventions, and pave the way for precision medicine approaches in combating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Lacy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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12
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Zhang Z, Li L, Shi H, Chen B, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Wei W, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Gu X, Huang J, Tu S, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. Role of Circular RNAs in Atherosclerosis through Regulation of Inflammation, Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Apoptosis: Focus on Atherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1461. [PMID: 37629751 PMCID: PMC10456328 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a disease dangerous to human health and the main pathological cause of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Although its pathogenesis is not fully understood, numerous basic and clinical studies have shown that AS is a chronic inflammatory disease existing in all stages of atherogenesis. It may be a common link or pathway in the pathogenesis of multiple atherogenic factors. Inflammation is associated with AS complications, such as plaque rupture and ischemic cerebral infarction. In addition to inflammation, apoptosis plays an important role in AS. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death, and different apoptotic cells have different or even opposite roles in the process of AS. Unlike linear RNA, circular RNA (circRNA) a covalently closed circular non-coding RNA, is stable and can sponge miRNA, which can affect the stages of AS by regulating downstream pathways. Ultimately, circRNAs play very important roles in AS by regulating inflammation, apoptosis, and some other mechanisms. The study of circular RNAs can provide new ideas for the prediction, prevention, and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Huanqing Shi
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Biao Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China;
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (Z.Z.); (H.S.); (B.C.); (X.L.); (Y.Z.); (X.G.)
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (L.L.); (F.L.); (W.W.); (Y.Z.); (K.L.); (W.X.)
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13
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Zhao ZJ, Sun YL, Ruan XF. Bornyl acetate: A promising agent in phytomedicine for inflammation and immune modulation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154781. [PMID: 37028250 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bornyl acetate (BA), as a bicyclic monoterpene, is an active volatile component widely found in plants across the globe. BA can be used as essence and food flavor agent and is widely used in perfumes and food additives. It remains a key component in several proprietary Chinese medicines. PURPOSE This review summarized the pharmacological activity and research prospects of BA, making it the first of its kind to do so. Our aim is to provide a valuable resource for those pursuing research on BA. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were used based on search formula "(bornyl acetate) NOT (review)" from 1967 to 2022. For the relevant knowledge of TCM, we quoted Chinese literature. Articles related to agriculture, industry, and economics were excluded. RESULTS BA showed rich pharmacological activities: It inhibits the NF-κB signal pathway via affecting the phosphorylation of IKB and the production of IKKs, inhibits the MAPK signal pathway via inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38, down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, up-regulates IL-11, reduces NO production, regulates immune response via up-regulating CD86+, decreases catecholamine secretion, and reduces tau protein phosphorylation. In addition to the pharmacological activities of BA, its toxicity and pharmacokinetics were also discussed in this paper. CONCLUSION BA has promising pharmacological properties, especially anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It also has sedative properties and potential for use in aromatherapy. Compared to traditional NSAIDs, it has a more favorable safety profile while maintaining efficacy. BA has potential for developing novel drugs for treating various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Jun Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Department, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan-Long Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Department, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Ruan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Cardiovascular Department, Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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14
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Varghese DS, Oommen D, John A, Ali BR. GRP78/BiP alleviates oxLDL-induced hepatotoxicity in familial hypercholesterolemia caused by missense variants of LDLR in a HepG2 cellular model. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:69. [PMID: 37248472 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The accumulation of misfolded proteins, encoded by genetic variants of functional genes leads to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, which is a critical consequence in human disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. In addition to the identification of ER stress as a contributing factor to pathogenicity, extensive studies on the role of oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) and its ill effects in expediting cardiovascular diseases and other metabolic comorbidities are well documented. However, the current understanding of its role in hepatic insults needs to be revised. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of oxLDL and ER stress-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2. METHODS HepG2 cells stably expressing wild-type Low-Density lipoprotein receptor (WT-LDLR) and missense variants of LDLR that are pathogenically associated with familial hypercholesterolemia were used as the in vitro models. The relative mRNA expression and protein profiles of ER stress sensors, inflammatory and apoptotic markers, together with cytotoxic assays and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential, were carried out in HepG2 cells treated with 100 µg per ml oxLDL for 24 to 48 h. 1-way or 2-way ANOVA was used for statistical analyses of datasets. RESULTS ER stress responses are elicited along all three arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR), with adverse cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in oxLDL-treated conditions. Interestingly, oxLDL-treated ER-stressed HepG2 cells manifested intriguingly low expression of BiP- the master regulator of ER stress, as observed earlier by various researchers in liver biopsies of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. This study shows that overexpression of BiP rescues hepatic cells from cytotoxic and inflammatory mechanisms instigated by ER stress in combination with oxLDL, along the ER and mitochondrial membrane and restores cellular homeostasis. CONCLUSION The data provide interesting leads that identify patients with familial hypercholesterolemia conditions and potentially other Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Degradation (ERAD) diseases as highly susceptible to developing hepatic insults with molecular signatures like those manifested in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and NASH. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES Although the use of HepG2 cells as the model is a major caveat of the study, the findings of this research may be used as the pilot study to expand further investigations in primary hepatocytes or iPSC- derived cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Deepu Oommen
- Present Address: Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Road, 560012, Bangalore, India
| | - Anne John
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Centre for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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15
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Li J, Qiu Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Bi R, Wei Y, Li Y, Hu B. The role of protein glycosylation in the occurrence and outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106726. [PMID: 36907285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious and life-threatening disease worldwide. Despite thrombolysis or endovascular thrombectomy, a sizeable fraction of patients with AIS have adverse clinical outcomes. In addition, existing secondary prevention strategies with antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs therapy are not able to adequately decrease the risk of ischemic stroke recurrence. Thus, exploring novel mechanisms for doing so represents an urgent need for the prevention and treatment of AIS. Recent studies have discovered that protein glycosylation plays a critical role in the occurrence and outcome of AIS. As a common co- and post-translational modification, protein glycosylation participates in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes by regulating the activity and function of proteins or enzymes. Protein glycosylation is involved in two causes of cerebral emboli in ischemic stroke: atherosclerosis and atrial fibrillation. Following ischemic stroke, the level of brain protein glycosylation becomes dynamically regulated, which significantly affects stroke outcome through influencing inflammatory response, excitotoxicity, neuronal apoptosis, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Drugs targeting glycosylation in the occurrence and progression of stroke may represent a novel therapeutic idea. In this review, we focus on possible perspectives about how glycosylation affects the occurrence and outcome of AIS. We then propose the potential of glycosylation as a therapeutic drug target and prognostic marker for AIS patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rentang Bi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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16
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Schiavone V, Romasco T, Di Pietrantonio N, Garzoli S, Palmerini C, Di Tomo P, Pipino C, Mandatori D, Fioravanti R, Butturini E, Sabatino M, Baldassarre MPA, Ragno R, Pandolfi A, Di Pietro N. Essential Oils from Mediterranean Plants Inhibit In Vitro Monocyte Adhesion to Endothelial Cells from Umbilical Cords of Females with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087225. [PMID: 37108387 PMCID: PMC10138528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are mixtures of volatile compounds belonging to several chemical classes derived from aromatic plants using different distillation techniques. Recent studies suggest that the consumption of Mediterranean plants, such as anise and laurel, contributes to improving the lipid and glycemic profile of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of anise and laurel EOs (AEO and LEO) on endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical cord vein of females with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM-HUVEC), which is a suitable in vitro model to reproduce the pro-inflammatory phenotype of a diabetic endothelium. For this purpose, the Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) chemical profiles of AEO and LEO were first analyzed. Thus, GDM-HUVEC and related controls (C-HUVEC) were pre-treated for 24 h with AEO and LEO at 0.025% v/v, a concentration chosen among others (cell viability by MTT assay), and then stimulated with TNF-α (1 ng/mL). From the GC-MS analysis, trans-anethole (88.5%) and 1,8-cineole (53.9%) resulted as the major components of AEO and LEO, respectively. The results in C- and GDM-HUVEC showed that the treatment with both EOs significantly reduced: (i) the adhesion of the U937 monocyte to HUVEC; (ii) vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) protein and gene expression; (iii) Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear translocation. Taken together, these data suggest the anti-inflammatory efficacy of AEO and LEO in our in vitro model and lay the groundwork for further preclinical and clinical studies to study their potential use as supplements to mitigate vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Schiavone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tea Romasco
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Pietrantonio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carola Palmerini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pamela Di Tomo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Caterina Pipino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domitilla Mandatori
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena Butturini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design-RCMD, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design-RCMD, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Pietro
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Zhu Y, Xu Y, Han D, Zhang X, Qin C, Liu J, Tian L, Xu M, Fang Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Cao F. Scavenger receptor-AI targeted theranostic nanoparticles for regression of atherosclerotic plaques via ABCA1 modulation. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 50:102672. [PMID: 37044196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays a crucial role in atherosclerotic formation through mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells. In this study, a scavenger receptors AI (SR-AI) targeted theranostic nanoparticles was constructed for atherosclerosis regression via ABCA1 activation in foam cells. ABCA1-upregulator 5242331 and IR780 were encapsulated in PLGA-PEG micelles which were conjugated with SR-AI targeting peptide (PP1) to formulate the nanoparticles (SAU-NPs). Immunostaining revealed that SR-AI was highly expressed both in macrophage foam cells and in atherosclerotic plaque of ApoE-/- mice. The SAU-NPs have shown more active targeting to plaque lesion with higher stability compared with non-SR-AI targeted nanoparticles. The transformation from macrophage to foam cells was inhibited by SAU-NPs carried 5242331. Cholesterol deposition was effectively reduced in foam cells by SAU-NPs through activating the LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1/SR-BI pathway. In conclusion, theranostic SAU-NPs which carried ABCA1-upregulator 5242331 exert beneficial effects on atherosclerosis regression via LXRα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), 1# Tiantan Xili, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiujin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mengqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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18
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Purinergic receptors mediate endothelial dysfunction and participate in atherosclerosis. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:265-272. [PMID: 34981330 PMCID: PMC9984579 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease and involves damage to vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that results in endothelial dysfunction (ED). The vascular endothelium is the key to maintaining blood vessel health and homeostasis. ED is a complex pathological process involving inflammation, shear stress, vascular tone, adhesion of leukocytes to ECs, and platelet aggregation. The activation of P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y2 receptors regulates vascular tone in response to shear stress, while activation of the A2A, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y6, and P2Y12 receptors promotes the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, P2X1, P2Y1, and P2Y12 receptor activation regulates platelet activity. These purinergic receptors mediate ED and participate in atherosclerosis. In short, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y12 receptors are potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
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19
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Liu H, He H, Tian Y, Cui J, Wang S, Wang H. Cyclophilin A accelerates SiO 2-induced macrophage foaming. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110562. [PMID: 36535629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is a common occupational disease characterized by lung inflammation, fibrosis and pulmonary dysfunction caused by long-term inhalation of free SiO2. Cell foaming and the change of CyPA have been observed in SiO2-induced macrophages, but the specific mechanism of CyPA in SiO2-induced foam cells remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of CyPA in SiO2-induced macrophage foaming and its effect on silicosis. We found that overexpression of CyPA promoted the macrophage foaming and the expression of COL I and α-SMA, while silencing CyPA inhibites the macrophage foaming and the expression of COL I and α-SMA. After blocking the expression of CD36 on the basis of overexpression CyPA, we found it inhibites the macrophage foaming. In conclusion, CyPA can affect the foaming of macrophages and may participate in silicosis fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heliang Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Hailan He
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Ying Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China.
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20
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OxLDL-Induced Foam Cell Formation Inhibitory Activity of Pepsin Hydrolysate of Ark Shell (Scapharca subcrenata (Lischke, 1869)) in RAW264.7 Macrophages. J Food Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/6905673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effect of ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata (Lischke, 1869)) proteolytic hydrolysates (ASHs) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced macrophage foam cell formation was investigated. Two types of ASHs were prepared by Alcalase® and pepsin, ASAH (ark shell-Alcalase® hydrolysates), and ASPH (ark shell-pepsin hydrolysate). Oil Red O staining results showed that ASPH suppressed foam cell formation and lipid accumulation more than ASAH in oxLDL-induced foam cell formation of RAW264.7 macrophages. ASPH reduced the levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and free cholesterol in oxLDL-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. It was found that ASPH increased cholesterol efflux and decreased cholesterol influx rate. In this regard, protein expressions of CD36 and scavenger receptor class A1 (SR-A1) for cholesterol influx and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) for cholesterol efflux were investigated. ASPH treatment resulted in an increase of ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression but downregulated CD36 and SR-A1 expression. Furthermore, ASPH suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 and -1β, through regulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in oxLDL-induced foam cell formation of RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, our data indicate that ASPH might be a useful ingredient in functional foods for ameliorating atherosclerosis by preventing foam cell formation.
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21
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Wang A, Yue K, Zhong W, Zhang G, Wang L, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang X. Ligand-receptor interaction in the specific targeting of biomimetic peptide nanoparticles to lysophosphatidylcholine. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:193-202. [PMID: 36549027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As nanotechnology is applied clinical medicine, nanoparticle-based therapy is emerging as a novel approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Ligand-receptor interaction affects the effectiveness of nanoparticle targeting therapy. In this study, the biomimetic peptide (BP-KFFVLK-WYKDGD) ligand specifically targeting the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) receptor in atherosclerotic plaques was constructed. The corresponding ligand-receptor interaction under different pH values was investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and experimental measurements. Results show that the interaction force between the peptide and LPC is greater than that of the peptide and human umbilical vein endothelial cell, clearly demonstrating the specific targeting of the peptide ligand to the LPC receptor. The ligand-receptor binding of peptide and LPC dominantly depends on Coulomb and van der Waals interactions. The YKDG amino acids of the peptide are the main fragment that binds to LPC. Compared with neutral environment at pH 7.4, the interaction forces between the peptide and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) decreased by 18.22 % and 45.87 % under acidic environments at pH 6.5 and 5.5, respectively, because of the change in oxLDL secondary structure and the release of LPC from oxLDL. Nevertheless, the peptide still has a strong binding capacity with oxLDL for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kai Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China.
| | - Weishen Zhong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Genpei Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Shunde, Guangdong Province 528399, China
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22
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Cimmino G, Loffredo FS, De Rosa G, Cirillo P. Colchicine in Athero-Thrombosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032483. [PMID: 36768804 PMCID: PMC9917272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence have clearly indicated that inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis and of its thrombotic complications such as acute coronary syndromes or ischemic stroke. Thus, it has been postulated that the use of anti-inflammatory agents might be extremely useful to improve cardiovascular outcome. Recently, increasing attention has been reserved to one of the oldest plant-derived drugs still in use in clinical practice, colchicine that has been used as drug to treat inflammatory diseases such gout or Mediterranean fever. To date, current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology have included colchicine as first line choice for treatment of acute and recurrent pericarditis. Moreover, several studies have investigated its role in the clinical scenarios of cardiovascular disease including chronic and acute coronary syndromes with promising results. In this review, starting from a description of the mechanism(s) involved behind its anti-inflammatory effects, we give an overview on its potential effects in atherothrombosis and finally present an updated overview of clinical evidence on the role of this drug in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7064239
| | - Francesco S. Loffredo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro De Rosa
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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23
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Hong CG, Florida E, Li H, Parel PM, Mehta NN, Sorokin AV. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein associates with cardiovascular disease by a vicious cycle of atherosclerosis and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1023651. [PMID: 36727024 PMCID: PMC9885196 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1023651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an established marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and a therapeutic target. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is known to be associated with excessive inflammation and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism. Chronic inflammatory diseases confer an elevated risk of premature atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular events. Whether oxLDL may serve as a potential biomarker for CVD stratification in populations with chronic inflammatory conditions remains understudied. Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between oxLDL and CVD (defined by incident CVD events, carotid intima-media thickness, presence of coronary plaque) in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Methods A systematic literature search was performed using studies published between 2000 and 2022 from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase (Elsevier), CINHAL (EBSCOhost), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science: Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics) databases on the relationship between oxLDL and cardiovascular risk on inflamed population. The pooled effect size was combined using the random effect model and publication bias was assessed if P < 0.05 for the Egger or Begg test along with the funnel plot test. Results A total of three observational studies with 1,060 participants were ultimately included in the final meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that oxLDL is significantly increased in participants with CVD in the setting of chronic inflammatory conditions. This meta-analysis suggests that oxLDL may be a useful biomarker in risk stratifying cardiovascular disease in chronically inflamed patients.
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24
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Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Rota P, Coviello S, Tarantino A, La Rocca P, Lavota I, Creo P, Signorelli P, Pappone C, Anastasia L. Sphingolipids and Atherosclerosis: The Dual Role of Ceramide and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010143. [PMID: 36671005 PMCID: PMC9855164 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that play either pro- and anti-atherogenic roles in the formation and maturation of atherosclerotic plaques. Among SLs, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate showed antithetic properties in regulating various molecular mechanisms and have emerged as novel potential targets for regulating the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, maintaining the balance of the so-called ceramide/S1P rheostat is important to prevent the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, which is the trigger for the entire atherosclerotic process and is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress. In addition, these two sphingolipids, together with many other sphingolipid mediators, are directly involved in the progression of atherogenesis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by promoting the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and influencing the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. The modulation of ceramide and S1P levels may therefore allow the development of new antioxidant therapies that can prevent or at least impair the onset of atherogenesis, which would ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and significantly reduce their mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Creo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0226437765
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25
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Papadea P, Skipitari M, Kalaitzopoulou E, Varemmenou A, Spiliopoulou M, Papasotiriou M, Papachristou E, Goumenos D, Onoufriou A, Rosmaraki E, Margiolaki I, Georgiou CD. Methods on LDL particle isolation, characterization, and component fractionation for the development of novel specific oxidized LDL status markers for atherosclerotic disease risk assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:1078492. [PMID: 36687450 PMCID: PMC9851470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1078492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study uses simple, innovative methods to isolate, characterize and fractionate LDL in its main components for the study of specific oxidations on them that characterize oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) status, as it causatively relates to atherosclerosis-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment. These methods are: (a) A simple, relatively time-short, low cost protocol for LDL isolation, to avoid shortcomings of the currently employed ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography methodologies. (b) LDL purity verification by apoB100 SDS-PAGE analysis and by LDL particle size determination; the latter and its serum concentration are determined in the present study by a simple method more clinically feasible as marker of CVD risk assessment than nuclear magnetic resonance. (c) A protocol for LDL fractionation, for the first time, into its main protein/lipid components (apoB100, phospholipids, triglycerides, free cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters), as well as into LDL carotenoid/tocopherol content. (d) Protocols for the measurement, for the first time, of indicative specific LDL component oxidative modifications (cholesteryl ester-OOH, triglyceride-OOH, free cholesterol-OOH, phospholipid-OOH, apoB100-MDA, and apoB100-DiTyr) out of the many (known/unknown/under development) that collectively define oxLDL status, which contrasts with the current non-specific oxLDL status evaluation methods. The indicative oxLDL status markers, selected in the present study on the basis of expressing early oxidative stress-induced oxidative effects on LDL, are studied for the first time on patients with end stage kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis, selected as an indicative model for atherosclerosis associated diseases. Isolating LDL and fractionating its protein and main lipid components, as well as its antioxidant arsenal comprised of carotenoids and tocopherols, paves the way for future studies to investigate all possible oxidative modifications responsible for turning LDL to oxLDL in association to their possible escaping from LDL's internal antioxidant defense. This can lead to studies to identify those oxidative modifications of oxLDL (after their artificial generation on LDL), which are recognized by macrophages and convert them to foam cells, known to be responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that lead to the various CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marios Papasotiriou
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece,Marios Papasotiriou,
| | | | - Dimitrios Goumenos
- Department of Nephrology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anny Onoufriou
- Department of Microbiology, General University Hospital of Patras, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos D. Georgiou
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,*Correspondence: Christos D. Georgiou,
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26
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Zhang Z, Qin S, Wang R, Fang Z, Wang Y, Li F. Circ_0003575 knockdown alleviates ox-LDL-induced human aortic endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis by miR-637/TRAF6 axis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:173-187. [PMID: 37599528 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). The present study aimed to determine the functions and mechanism of circ_0003575 in AS. METHODS Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was used to induce human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to establish an AS cell model. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5'-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay were conducted to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis was utilized to quantify cell apoptosis. Tube formation assay was performed to analyze angiogenesis ability. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the concentrations of inflammatory factors. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot were manipulated for the expression of circ_0003575, microRNA-637 (miR-637) and TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were adopted to estimate the downstream targets of circ_0003575. RESULTS Ox-LDL treatment repressed the proliferation and angiogenesis and promoted the apoptosis and inflammation in HAECs. Circ_0003575 knockdown ameliorated ox-LDL-induced injury of HAECs. Circ_0003575 interacted with mi-R-637, which directly targeted TRAF6. Inhibition of miR-637 reversed the impacts of circ_0003575 knockdown on HAEC injury. Moreover, miR-637 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis and inhibited cell apoptosis and inflammation by targeting TRAF6 in ox-LDL-treated HAECs. Further, circ_0003575 silencing inhibited the activation of NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION Circ_0003575 knockdown alleviated ox-LDL-induced HAEC damage by regulating miR-637/TRAF6 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshuai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei, China
| | - Shaoqiang Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqin Fang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei, China
| | - Fangjiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei, China
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27
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Gaggini M, Gorini F, Vassalle C. Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010075. [PMID: 36613514 PMCID: PMC9820080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of lipids is essential in any phase of the atherosclerotic process, which is considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. The traditional lipid profile (including the evaluation of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein) is a well-established tool to assess the risk of atherosclerosis and as such has been widely used as a pillar of cardiovascular disease prevention and as a target of pharmacological treatments in clinical practice over the last decades. However, other non-traditional lipids have emerged as possible alternative predictors of cardiometabolic risk in addition to traditional single or panel lipids, as they better reflect the overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with the lipid involvement characterizing the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed non-traditional lipid indices and, in the light of available knowledge, their actual potential as new additive tools to better stratify cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia as well as possible therapeutic targets in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR—Regione Toscana G Monasterio, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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28
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Goldberg AR, Ferguson M, Pal S, Cohen R, Orlicky DJ, McCullough RL, Rutkowski JM, Burchill MA, Tamburini BAJ. Oxidized low density lipoprotein in the liver causes decreased permeability of liver lymphatic- but not liver sinusoidal-endothelial cells via VEGFR-3 regulation of VE-Cadherin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1021038. [PMID: 36338478 PMCID: PMC9626955 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature of the liver is vital for liver function as it maintains fluid and protein homeostasis and is important for immune cell transport to the lymph node. Chronic liver disease is associated with increased expression of inflammatory mediators including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Intrahepatic levels of oxLDL are elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and cholestatic liver diseases. To determine if liver lymphatic function is impaired in chronic liver diseases, in which increased oxLDL has been documented, we measured liver lymphatic function in murine models of NAFLD, ALD and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We found that Mdr2-/- (PSC), Lieber-DeCarli ethanol fed (ALD) and high fat and high cholesterol diet fed (NAFLD) mice all had a significant impairment in the ability to traffic FITC labeled dextran from the liver parenchyma to the liver draining lymph nodes. Utilizing an in vitro permeability assay, we found that oxLDL decreased the permeability of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC)s, but not liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC)s. Here we demonstrate that LECs and LSECs differentially regulate SRC-family kinases, MAPK kinase and VE-Cadherin in response to oxLDL. Furthermore, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)C or D (VEGFR-3 ligands) appear to regulate VE-Cadherin expression as well as decrease cellular permeability of LECs in vitro and in vivo after oxLDL treatment. These findings suggest that oxLDL acts to impede protein transport through the lymphatics through tightening of the cell-cell junctions. Importantly, engagement of VEGFR-3 by its ligands prevents VE-Cadherin upregulation and improves lymphatic permeability. These studies provide a potential therapeutic target to restore liver lymphatic function and improve liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition. Children’s Hospital Colorado, Digestive Health Institute- Pediatric Liver Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Megan Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sarit Pal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L. McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Matthew A. Burchill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Beth A. Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Manzoor MF, Arif Z, Kabir A, Mehmood I, Munir D, Razzaq A, Ali A, Goksen G, Coşier V, Ahmad N, Ali M, Rusu A. Oxidative stress and metabolic diseases: Relevance and therapeutic strategies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:994309. [PMID: 36324618 PMCID: PMC9621294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.994309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a prominent cause of death worldwide, posing a threat to the global economy and public health. A mechanism that causes the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Various processes are involved in oxidative stress (OS) of lipoprotein. Although the concept of the syndrome has been fiercely debated, this confluence of risk factors is associated with a higher chance of acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerosis. Insulin resistance has been found to play a significant role in the progression of these metabolism-associated conditions. It causes lipid profile abnormalities, including greater sensitivity to lipid peroxidation, contributing to the increased prevalence of T2DM and atherosclerosis. This review aims to cover the most recent scientific developments in dietary OS, the consequence of metabolic disorders, and their most significant clinical manifestations (T2DM and atherosclerosis). It will also emphasize the effects of dietary approaches in alleviating OS in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaira Arif
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Kabir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Mehmood
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Danial Munir
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Razzaq
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Viorica Coşier
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Animal Science and Biotechnology Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Nazir Ahmad
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Murtaza Ali
| | - Alexandru Rusu
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Department, Animal Science and Biotechnology Faculty, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Rusu
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30
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Wang S, Yuan R, Liu M, Zhang Y, Jia B, Ruan J, Shen J, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wang T. Targeting autophagy in atherosclerosis: Advances and therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds from herbal medicines and natural products. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113712. [PMID: 36130420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common causes of cardiovascular disease characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the arterial wall, and it has become a dominant public health problem that seriously threaten people worldwide. Autophagy is a cellular self-catabolism process, which is critical to protect cellular homeostasis against harmful conditions. Emerging evidence suggest that dysregulated autophagy is involved in the development of AS. Therefore, pharmacological interventions have been developed to inhibit the AS via autophagy induction. Among various AS treating methods, herbal medicines and natural products have been applied as effective complementary and alternative medicines to ameliorate AS and its associated cardiovascular disease. Recently, mounting evidence revealed that natural bioactive compounds from herbs and natural products could induce autophagy to suppress the occurrence and development of AS, by promoting cholesterol efflux, reducing plaque inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis or senescence. In the present review, we highlight recent findings regarding possible effects and molecular mechanism of natural compounds in autophagy-targeted mitigation of atherosclerosis, aiming to provide new potential therapeutic strategies for the atherosclerosis treatment preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruolan Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bona Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingya Ruan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Almansouri M, Patel P, Chamberlain J, Francis S. OxLDL induces the release of IL-1β from primed human endothelial and smooth muscle cells via different caspase -1-dependent mechanisms. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:11-18. [PMID: 35994001 PMCID: PMC9513632 DOI: 10.1530/vb-22-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is characterised by abnormal lipid and cell accumulation within arterial layers that leads to disturbed blood flow. Modified cholesterol forms such as oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) enter cells altering their phenotype, triggering over-exuberant repair and arterial occlusion, myocardial infarction or stroke. We hypothesised that oxLDL enters vascular wall cells and induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, potentially via a caspase-1/NLRP3 mechanism. Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and smooth muscle cells (HCASMC), isolated from different donors, were cultured and stimulated (primed) with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1α (10 ng/mL each, for 48 h), followed by incubation with human oxLDL (10-50 ug/mL) for up to 6 h. Inhibitors of caspase-1 (YVAD), NLRP3 (MCC950) and gasdermin D (disulfiram) were added 1 h before oxLDL. Cell lysates and culture supernatants were collected and analysed for IL-1β using ELISA. Microscopy imaging showed oxLDL entered stimulated cells and formed particles. OxLDL at 20 and 50 ug/mL induced the maximum release of IL-1β from stimulated HCASMCs and HCAECs, respectively, compared to control. Inhibition of either NLRP3, caspase-1 or gasdermin D significantly reduced the release of IL-1β (4-fold, P < 0.0001; 14-fold, P < 0.0001, 1.5-fold, P < 0.0003, respectively) in HCAEC. In contrast, in HCASMCs, only caspase-1 inhibition reduced the release of IL-1β (2.1-fold, P < 0.0001). HCAECs and HCASMCs elicited the release of IL-1β in response to the same stimulus via different mechanisms. In HCAECs, released IL-1β potentially exits via a GSDMD-induced membrane pore. These data suggest that caspase-1 or gasdermin D inhibition is likely to be effective vessel wall cell-specific strategies for the reduction of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Almansouri
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janet Chamberlain
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Healthy Lifespan Institute HELSI, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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Li Y, Huang X, Yang G, Xu K, Yin Y, Brecchia G, Yin J. CD36 favours fat sensing and transport to govern lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101193. [PMID: 36055468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD36, located on the cell membrane, transports fatty acids in response to dietary fat. It is a critical fatty acid sensor and regulator of lipid metabolism. The interaction between CD36 and lipid dysmetabolism and obesity has been identified in various models and human studies. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which CD36 regulates lipid metabolism and the role of CD36 in metabolic diseases remain obscure. Here, we summarize the latest research on the role of membrane CD36 in fat metabolism, with emphasis on CD36-mediated fat sensing and transport. This review also critically discusses the factors affecting the regulation of CD36-mediated fat dysfunction. Finally, we review previous clinical evidence of CD36 in metabolic diseases and consider the path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gabriele Brecchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell'Università, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Mulberry Leaf and Neochlorogenic Acid Alleviates Glucolipotoxicity-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Proliferation/Migration via Downregulating Ras and FAK Signaling Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153006. [PMID: 35893859 PMCID: PMC9331252 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaf (Morus alba L.) has been used as a health food and in traditional medicine to treat several metabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. However, the mechanism by which mulberry leaf and its functional components mediate atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) and its major component, neochlorogenic acid (nCGA), on the proliferation and migration of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs, A7r5 cell line) under diabetic cultured conditions (oleic acid and high glucose, OH). Our findings showed that MLE and nCGA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration in A7r5 cells as determined by a scratch wound assay and a Transwell assay. Furthermore, we observed MLE and nCGA inhibited cell proliferation and migration, such as reducing the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and small GTPase proteins using Western blot analysis. In conclusion, we confirmed the anti-atherosclerotic effects of MLE and nCGA in reducing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation under diabetic cultured conditions via inhibition of FAK/small GTPase proteins, PI3K/Akt, and Ras-related signaling.
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Zhang Z, Qin X, Liu J, Li Y, Chen H, Xie H, Chen J, Li C, Tong Y, Yang M, Zhang M. Role and mechanism of the zinc finger protein ZNF580 in foam‑cell formation. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:579. [PMID: 35949338 PMCID: PMC9353537 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbai Zhang
- The Fourth Detachment, China Coast Guard, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, P.R. China
| | - Xueting Qin
- Department of Nephrology with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 2 People's Hospital of The Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 923 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Huaxin Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- Department of Health Service, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Jingxun Chen
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 214000, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Surgery, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
| | - Yang Tong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Psychology, Heilongjiang Municipal Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Surgery, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, P.R. China
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Circ_ROBO2/miR-186-5p/TRIM14 axis regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury. Regen Ther 2022; 20:138-146. [PMID: 35620639 PMCID: PMC9111929 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the main risks of death, which is mainly caused by coronary arteries arteriosclerosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have shown important regulatory roles in cardiovascular diseases. We amid to explore the role of circ_ROBO2 in CAD. Methods Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were served as the cellular model of CAD. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assay were performed to detect RNA levels and protein levels, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow cytometry was employed for measuring cell apoptosis. Matrigel tube formation assay was used to evaluate angiogenesis ability. The intermolecular interaction was predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays. Results The expression of circ_ROBO2 was upregulated in CAD patients and ox-LDL-induced CMECs. Treatment of ox-LDL suppressed cell proliferation and angiogenic ability as well as promoted the apoptosis of CMECs partly by upregulating circ_ROBO2. MicroRNA-186-5p (miR-186-5p) was identified as a target of circ_ROBO2, and circ_ROBO2 knockdown attenuated ox-LDL-induced damage in CMECs by sponging miR-186-5p. Tripartite motif containing 14 (TRIM14) acted as a target of miR-186-5p, and TRIM14 overexpression alleviated miR-186-5p-mediated inhibitory effect on ox-LDL-induced injury in CMECs. Circ_ROBO2 positively regulated TRIM14 expression by sponging miR-186-5p. Conclusion Circ_ROBO2 played a promoting role in ox-LDL-induced CMECs injury by sponging miR-186-5p and regulating TRIM14, providing a promising treatment strategy for CAD.
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Xiu J, Yang Z, Sui Y, Zhang L, Zhou Y. CircNMD3 relieves endothelial cell injury induced by oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein through regulating miR-498/ BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12558-12571. [PMID: 35603423 PMCID: PMC9276052 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Baoding Second Hospital
| | - Yanbo Sui
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Daqing Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, China
| | - Yixing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing
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Xiang Q, Tian F, Xu J, Du X, Zhang S, Liu L. New insight into dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence in atherosclerosis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1844-1867. [PMID: 35569818 PMCID: PMC9541442 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid‐rich plaques in the arterial wall, is an age‐related disorder and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. However, the specific mechanisms remain complex. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that senescence of various types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) contributes to atherosclerosis. Cellular senescence and atherosclerosis share various causative stimuli, in which dyslipidemia has attracted much attention. Dyslipidemia, mainly referred to elevated plasma levels of atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, or functional impairment of anti‐atherogenic lipids or lipoproteins, plays a pivotal role both in cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence during atherosclerosis, with a focus on low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and its modifications, hydrolysate of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), respectively. Furthermore, we describe the underlying mechanisms linking dyslipidemia‐induced cellular senescence and atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the senescence‐related therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis, with special attention given to the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of promising geroprotectors as well as anti‐senescence effects of current lipid‐lowering drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunyan Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Institute of Aging and Age‐related Disease Research Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450000 PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Xiao Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Shilan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis Central South University Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province Changsha Hunan 410011 PR China
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Cimmino G, di Serafino L, Cirillo P. Pathophysiology and mechanisms of Acute Coronary Syndromes: athero-thrombosis, immune-inflammation and beyond. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 20:351-362. [PMID: 35510629 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2022.2074836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as the Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS), is continuously under investigation. Immunity and inflammation seem to play a pivotal role in promoting formation and grow of atherosclerotic plaques. At the same time, plaque rupture followed by both platelets' activation and coagulation cascade induction lead to intracoronary thrombus formation. Although these phenomena might be considered responsible of about 90% of ACS, in up to 5-10% of acute syndromes a non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) might be documented. This paper gives an overview on athero-thrombosis and immuno-inflammation processes involved in ACS pathophysiology also emphasizing the pathological mechanisms potentially involved in MINOCA. AREAS COVERED The relationship between immuno-inflammation and atherothrombosis is continuously updated by recent findings. At the same time, pathophysiology of MINOCA still remains a partially unexplored field, stimulating the research of potential links between these two aspects of ACS pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION Pathophysyiology of ACS has been extensively investigated; however, several grey areas still remain. MINOCA represents one of these areas. At the same time, many aspects of immune-inflammation processes are still unknown. Thus, research should be continued to shed a brighter light on both these sides of "ACS" moon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi di Serafino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to varying degrees of blood flow obstruction and a common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory factors run through the whole process of atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils play important roles in the process of atherosclerotic inflammation. Considering the evolutionary characteristics, atherosclerosis can be divided into different stages as early atherosclerotic plaque, plaque formation stage, and plaque rupture stage. In this paper, the changes in inflammatory cells at different stages of lesions and their related mechanisms are discussed, which can provide new insights from a clinical to bench perspective for atherosclerosis me chanism.
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Wechjakwen N, Aroonnual A, Prangthip P, Soonthornworasiri N, Phienluphon PP, Lainampetch J, Kwanbunjan K. Associations between the rs5498 (A > G) and rs281432 (C > G) polymorphisms of the ICAM1 gene and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, including hypercholesterolemia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12972. [PMID: 35282277 PMCID: PMC8916030 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) originates from complex risk factors, including age, gender, dyslipidemia, obesity, race, genetic and genetic variation. ICAM1 gene polymorphisms are a significant risk factor for ASCVD. However, the impact of the rs5498 and rs281432 polymorphisms on the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (HCL) has not been reported. Therefore, we determine the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs5498 and rs281432 on Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene (ICAM1) and ASCVD susceptibility in patients with HCL. Methods The clinical characteristics of 278 participants were assessed, and classified to groups having HCL and without HCL. ICAM1 SNPs genotyping was performed by DNA sequencing, and ICAM1 expression was measured using real-time PCR. Results Positive dominant model rs5498 participants had twice the risk of HCL (95% confidence interval (CI): [1.24-3.23], P = 0.005). The frequency of the G allele in rs5498 was 1.69 times higher in participants with HCL than in controls (95% CI [1.15-2.47], P = 0.007). Participants with the rs5498 AG or GG variants and high ICAM1 mRNA expression (≥3.12) had 2.49 times the risk (95% CI [1.42-4.38], P = 0.001), and those with a high LDL-C concentration (≥3.36 mmol/L) had 2.09 times the risk (95% CI [1.19-3.66], P = 0.010) of developing ASCVD compared with those with low ICAM1 mRNA and LDL-C levels. Interestingly, participants carrying the rs5498 AG or GG variants who had tachycardia (resting heart rates (RHRs) >100 beats/min) had a 5.02-times higher risk than those with a lower RHR (95% CI [1.35-18.63], P = 0.016). Conclusions It may consider the G allele in ICAM1 rs5498 is associated with a higher risk of ASCVD in Thai people with HCL, and is also positively associated with ICAM1 mRNA expression, LDL-C concentration, and RHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruemon Wechjakwen
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Aroonnual
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jirayu Lainampetch
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Karunee Kwanbunjan
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Liu J, Wang Q, Wei Y, Zhang S, Chai E, Tang F. Calpain inhibitor prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by regulating mRNA expression of genes related to cholesterol uptake and efflux. Microvasc Res 2022; 140:104276. [PMID: 34742813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that a calpain inhibitor (CAI) prevents the development of atherosclerosis in rats. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CAI (1 mg/kg) on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the underlying mechanism by analyzing the expression of genes related to the uptake and efflux of cholesterol. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques were evaluated. The activity of calpain in the aorta and that of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the serum were assessed. Lipid profiles in the serum and liver were examined. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured. The mRNA expressions of CD68, TNF-α, IL-6, CD36, scavenger receptor (SR-A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), liver-x-receptor alpha (LXR-α), and ATP-binding cassette transporter class A1 (ABCA1) in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages were also evaluated. RESULTS CAI reduced calpain activity in the aorta. CAI also impeded atherosclerotic lesion formation and mRNA expression of CD68 in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages of ApoE KO mice compared with those of mice receiving HFD. However, CAI had no effect on body weight and lipid levels in both the serum and liver. CAI significantly decreased MDA, oxLDL, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD activity in the serum. Moreover, CAI significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. In addition, CAI significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A and upregulated the expression of genes involved in the cholesterol efflux pathway, i.e., PPAR-γ, LXR-α, and ABCA1 in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSIONS CAI inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE KO mice, and this effect might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation and the improvement of cholesterol intake and efflux pathways.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Leupeptins/pharmacology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/genetics
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/enzymology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class A/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Liu
- Medical Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiuning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Erqing Chai
- Emergency General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China.
| | - Futian Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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Zhao A, Xiao H, Zhu Y, Liu S, Zhang S, Yang Z, Du L, Li X, Niu X, Wang C, Yang Y, Tian Y. Omentin-1: A newly discovered warrior against metabolic related diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:275-289. [PMID: 35107051 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2037556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Chronic metabolism-related diseases are challenging clinical problems. Omentin-1 is mainly expressed in stromal vascular cells of adipose tissue and can also be expressed in airway goblet cells, mesothelial cells, and vascular cells. Omentin-1 has been found to exert important anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-apoptotic roles and to regulate endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, omentin-1 also has protective effects against cancer, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and bone metabolic diseases. The current review will discuss the therapeutic potential of omentin-1. AREAS COVERED : This review summarizes the biological actions of omentin-1 and provides an overview of omentin-1 in metabolic-related diseases. The relevant literature was derived from a PubMed search spanning 1998-2021 using these search terms: omentin-1, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, bone, cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress. EXPERT OPINION : As a novel adipocytokine, omentin-1 is a promising therapeutic target in metabolic-related diseases. Preclinical animal studies have shown encouraging results. Moreover, circulating omentin-1 has excellent potential as a noninvasive biomarker. In the future, strategies for regulating omentin-1 need to be investigated further in clinical trials in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Zhao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoxiang Xiao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Luyang Du
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiyang Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochen Niu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 10 Fengcheng Three Road, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, China
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Singh S, Changkija S, Mudgal R, Ravichandiran V. Bioactive components to inhibit foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2487-2501. [PMID: 35013861 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of lipid-laden cells in macrophages after significant ingestion of oxidized low-density lipoprotein is considered the most critical phase in the creation of atherosclerotic lesions, which is known as foam cell formation. Targeting foam cell development to find a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of atherosclerosis has yielded numerous promising outcomes. Multiple variables influence foam cell growth, including scavenger receptor expression, cholesterol transporter expression acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. Plants used during herbal therapy have been shown to assist with a variety of ailments. RESULT In this study, we found medicinal plants and their bioactive components suppress foam cell formation in a variety of ways; some inhibit cholesterol transporter and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 upregulation, while others inhibit the function of acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity. CONCLUSION Recent study findings related to the synthesis of the new active component from plant sources by focusing on the typical process involved in the generation of foam cells. We're also looking at using a cellular target-based therapeutic approach to generate novel plant-based medications for the cure of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Vaishali District, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India.
| | - Senti Changkija
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Vaishali District, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - Rajat Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Vaishali District, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Industrial Area, Vaishali District, Hajipur, Bihar, 844102, India
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Dong G, Yu J, Shan G, Su L, Yu N, Yang S. N6-Methyladenosine Methyltransferase METTL3 Promotes Angiogenesis and Atherosclerosis by Upregulating the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway via m6A Reader IGF2BP1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731810. [PMID: 34950654 PMCID: PMC8689138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a life-threatening vascular disease. RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification level is dysregulated in multiple pathophysiologic processes including AS. In this text, the roles and molecular mechanisms of m6A writer METTL3 in AS progression were explored in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, cell proliferative, migratory, and tube formation capacities were assessed through CCK-8, Transwell migration, and tube formation assays, respectively. RNA m6A level was examined through a commercial kit. RNA and protein levels of genes were measured through RT-qPCR and western blot assays, respectively. VEGF secretion level was tested through ELISA assay. JAK2 mRNA stability was detected through actinomycin D assay. The relationship of METTL3, IGF2BP1, and JAK2 was investigated through bioinformatics analysis, MeRIP, RIP, RNA pull-down, and luciferase reporter assays. An AS mouse model was established to examine the effect of METTL3 knockdown on AS development in vivo. The angiogenetic activity was examined through chick chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. The results showed that METTL3 was highly expressed in ox-LDL-induced dysregulated HUVECs. METTL3 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and VEGF expression/secretion in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, hampered AS process in vivo, and prevented in vivo angiogenesis of developing embryos. METTL3 positively regulated JAK2 expression and JAK2/STAT3 pathway in an m6A dependent manner in HUVECs. IGF2BP1 positively regulated JAK2 expression through directly binding to an m6A site within JAK2 mRNA in HUVECs. METTL3 knockdown weakened the interaction of JAK2 and IGF2BP1. METTL3 exerted its functions through JAK2/STAT3 pathway. In conclusion, METTL3 knockdown prevented AS progression by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway via IGF2BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gaojun Shan
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lide Su
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nannan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shusen Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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de Mol J, Kuiper J, Tsiantoulas D, Foks AC. The Dynamics of B Cell Aging in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733566. [PMID: 34675924 PMCID: PMC8524000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered to be an important risk factor for several inflammatory diseases. B cells play a major role in chronic inflammatory diseases by antibody secretion, antigen presentation and T cell regulation. Different B cell subsets have been implicated in infections and multiple autoimmune diseases. Since aging decreases B cell numbers, affects B cell subsets and impairs antibody responses, the aged B cell is expected to have major impacts on the development and progression of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of B cells in health and disease settings, such as atherosclerotic disease. Furthermore, we provide an overview of age-related changes in B cell development and function with respect to their impact in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill de Mol
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Mentrup T, Schröder B. Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 proteases: Regulatory switches or proteasome of the membrane? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119163. [PMID: 34673079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptide peptidase-like 2 (SPPL) proteases constitute a subfamily of SPP/SPPL intramembrane proteases which are homologues of the presenilins, the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex. The three SPPL2 proteases SPPL2a, SPPL2b and SPPL2c proteolyse single-span, type II-oriented transmembrane proteins and/or tail-anchored proteins within their hydrophobic transmembrane segments. We review recent progress in defining substrate spectra and in vivo functions of these proteases. Characterisation of the respective knockout mice has implicated SPPL2 proteases in immune cell differentiation and function, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development and spermatogenesis. Mechanisms how substrates are selected by these enzymes are still incompletely understood. We will discuss current views on how selective SPPL2-mediated cleavage is or whether these proteases may exhibit a generalised role in the turnover of membrane proteins. This has been suggested previously for the mechanistically related γ-secretase for which the term "proteasome of the membrane" has been coined based on its broad substrate spectrum. With regard to individual substrates, potential signalling functions of the resulting cytosolic cleavage fragments remain a controversial aspect. However, it has been clearly shown that SPPL2 proteases can influence cellular signalling and membrane trafficking by controlling levels of their membrane-bound substrate proteins which highlights these enzymes as regulatory switches. Based on this, regulatory mechanisms controlling activity of SPPL2 proteases would need to be postulated, which are just beginning to emerge. These different questions, which are relevant for other families of intramembrane proteases in a similar way, will be critically discussed based on the current state of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Mentrup
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Cirillo P, Conte S, Pellegrino G, Barra G, De Palma R, Sugraliyev A, Golino P, Cimmino G. Effects of colchicine on tissue factor in oxLDL-activated T-lymphocytes. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 53:739-749. [PMID: 34671897 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-021-02585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that T-cells might be involved in pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Tissue factor (TF) plays a key role in ACS. Many evidences have indicated that some statins reduce TF expression in several cell types. However, literature about rosuvastatin and TF and about statins effects on T-cells is still scanty. Colchicine is an anti-inflammatory drug recently proven to have beneficial effects in ACS via unknown mechanisms. This study investigates the effects of colchicine and rosuvastatin on TF expression in oxLDL-activated T-cells. T-cells, isolated from buffy coats of healthy volunteers, were stimulated with oxLDL (50 µg/dL). T-cells were pre-incubated with colchicine (10 µM) or rosuvastatin (5 µM) for 1 h and then stimulated with oxLDL (50 μg/mL). TF gene (RT-PCR), protein (western blot), surface expression (FACS) and procoagulant activity (FXa generation assay) were measured. NF-κB/IκB axis was examined by western blot analysis and translocation assay. Colchicine and rosuvastatin significantly reduced TF gene, and protein expression and procoagulant activity in oxLDL stimulated T-cells. This effect was associated with a significant reduction in TF surface expression as well as its procoagulant activity. These phenomena appear modulated by drug effects on the transcription factor NF-kB. Rosuvastatin and colchicine prevent TF expression in oxLDL-stimulated T-cells by modulating the NF-κB/IκB axis. Thus, we speculate that this might be another mechanism by which these drugs exert benefic cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Pellegrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusi Barra
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Palma
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Akhmetzhan Sugraliyev
- Department of Internal Disease, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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49
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He L, Liu YY, Wang K, Li C, Zhang W, Li ZZ, Huang XZ, Xiong Y. Tanshinone IIA protects human coronary artery endothelial cells from ferroptosis by activating the NRF2 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 575:1-7. [PMID: 34454174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is closely related to endothelial cell injury caused by lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) protects endothelial tissues from damage. In this study, we investigated whether TSA exerts its protective effect on endothelial cells by inhibiting ferroptosis. Ferroptosis was induced in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), and cells were treated with TSA. Morphological examination indicated that TSA exerted a significant protective effect on the HCAECs. This was further confirmed by LDH release and cell death detection assays. Flow cytometry revealed that TSA significantly reduced the excessive accumulation of total cellular ROS and lipid ROS caused by ferroptosis inducers. TSA also restored the reduction of glutathione (GSH), a potent and abundant reductant in cells. In addition, we found that TSA promoted the expression of NRF2, an essential player in response to oxidative stress, and its downstream genes. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that TSA promoted the nuclear translocation of NRF2. Increased nuclear translocation of NRF2 was validated by Western blot evaluation of cytoplasmic and nuclear protein extracts. Furthermore, NRF2 inhibition abolished the protective effects of TSA on HCAECs. These data demonstrate that TSA represses ferroptosis via activation of NRF2 in HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina He
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510220, China.
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- The Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Chengxi Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu Hospital of Chines Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 511400, China.
| | - Xian-Zhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Yujuan Xiong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Panyu Hospital of Chines Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 511400, China.
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50
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Alipanah-Moghadam R, Molazadeh L, Jafari-Suha Z, Naghizadeh-Baghi A, Mohajeri M, Nemati A. Glutamine supplementation can reduce some atherosclerosis markers after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males. Nutrition 2021; 94:111506. [PMID: 34844156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutamine can be beneficial to athletes for its antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on some atherosclerosis markers after exhaustive exercise in young healthy males. METHODS In an intervention study, 30 healthy males (case = 15 and control = 15) were randomly assigned into two groups. For 14 d, the intervention group received 0.3 g of glutamine per kilogram of body weight per day, with 25 g of sugar in 250 mL of water, and the control group received 25 g of sugar per 250 mL of water. At the end of the intervention, the participants completed one session of exhaustive exercise, and then fasting blood samples were taken to test serum levels of atherosclerosis markers. RESULTS In the intervention group, the serum levels of leptin, cholesterol, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein were lower than in the control group after 2 wk of glutamine supplementation (P < 0.05). Interleukin-6 serum levels were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group after supplementation, but not significantly. Serum levels of leptin, interleukin-6, cholesterol, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, as well as the ratio of oxidized low-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein, were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group after exhaustive exercise (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Glutamine supplementation has beneficial effects for athletes, particularly those doing strenuous physical exercise, through reducing atherosclerosis-related biomarkers and elevating serum adiponectin levels, and it can potentially play a role in decreasing the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alipanah-Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Leila Molazadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jafari-Suha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Mohajeri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Ali Nemati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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