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Maru Y, Kohno M, Suzuka K, Odaka A, Masuda M, Araki A, Itami M, Tanaka N, Hippo Y. Establishment and characterization of multiple patient-derived organoids from a case of advanced endometrial cancer. Hum Cell 2024; 37:840-853. [PMID: 38546950 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) retain the original tumor's characteristics to a large degree and allow direct evaluation of the drug sensitivity, thereby emerging as a valuable resource for both basic and preclinical researches. Whereas most past studies stereotypically adopted a single PDO as an avatar of the patient, it remains to be investigated whether this assumption can be justified even for the tumor with spatial diversity. To address this issue, we established and characterized multiple PDOs originating from various sites of a patient with advanced uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). Specifically, cancer cells were separately sampled from three sites; resected UCS tumor tissue, the peritoneal lavage fluid, and an intra-uterine brushing of the tumor. The three derived PDOs were morphologically undistinguishable, displaying typical carcinoma organoids-like appearance, but two of them proliferated at a faster rate. The primary tumor harbored mutations in TP53 and STK11 along with amplifications in CCNE1, ERBB2, and KRAS. These two mutations and the CCNE1 amplification were detected in all PDOs, while either KRAS or ERBB2 amplification was selectively observed in each PDO in a mutually exclusive manner. Observed intra-tumor heterogeneity in HER2 expression was differentially reproduced in the PDOs, which mirrored each PDO's sensitivity to HER2 inhibitors. Inter-PDO heterogeneity was also evident in sensitivity to standard cytotoxic agents. Lastly, a drug screening identified four candidate reagents commonly effective to all PDOs. Collectively, we showed that multiple PDOs could help reproduce the spatial diversity of a tumor and serve as a valuable resource in UCS research in many respects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Laboratory of Precision Tumor Model Systems, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
| | - Mami Kohno
- Laboratory of Precision Tumor Model Systems, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Suzuka
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Akiko Odaka
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Mari Masuda
- Department of Proteomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akinobu Araki
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Makiko Itami
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Naotake Tanaka
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Laboratory of Precision Tumor Model Systems, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Chiba-Shi, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
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Liu Z, Jing C, Kong F. From clinical management to personalized medicine: novel therapeutic approaches for ovarian clear cell cancer. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:39. [PMID: 38347608 PMCID: PMC10860311 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear-cell cancer is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer with unique clinical and biological features. Despite optimal cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy being the standard of care, most patients experience drug resistance and a poor prognosis. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches have been developed, including immune checkpoint blockade, angiogenesis-targeted therapy, ARID1A synthetic lethal interactions, targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β, and ferroptosis. Refining predictive biomarkers can lead to more personalized medicine, identifying patients who would benefit from chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. Collaboration between academic research groups is crucial for developing prognostic outcomes and conducting clinical trials to advance treatment for ovarian clear-cell cancer. Immediate progress is essential, and research efforts should prioritize the development of more effective therapeutic strategies to benefit all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunli Jing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fandou Kong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, China.
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Watanabe T, Soeda S, Okoshi C, Fukuda T, Yasuda S, Fujimori K. Landscape of somatic mutated genes and inherited susceptibility genes in gynecological cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2023; 49:2629-2643. [PMID: 37632362 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, gynecological cancers have been classified based on histology. Since remarkable advancements in next-generation sequencing technology have enabled the exploration of somatic mutations in various cancer types, comprehensive sequencing efforts have revealed the genomic landscapes of some common forms of human cancer. The genomic features of various gynecological malignancies have been reported by several studies of large-scale genomic cohorts, including The Cancer Genome Atlas. Although recent comprehensive genomic profiling tests, which can detect hundreds of genetic mutations at a time from cancer tissues or blood samples, have been increasingly used as diagnostic clinical biomarkers and in therapeutic management decisions, germline pathogenic variants associated with hereditary cancers can also be detected using this test. Gynecological cancers are closely related to genetic factors, with approximately 5% of endometrial cancer cases and 20% of ovarian cancer cases being caused by germline pathogenic variants. Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and Lynch syndrome are the two major cancer susceptibility syndromes among gynecological cancers. In addition, several other hereditary syndromes have been reported to be associated with gynecological cancers. In this review, we highlight the genes for somatic mutation and germline pathogenic variants commonly seen in gynecological cancers. We first describe the relationship between clinicopathological attributes and somatic mutated genes. Subsequently, we discuss the characteristics and clinical management of inherited cancer syndromes resulting from pathogenic germline variants in gynecological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okoshi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toma Fukuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Yasuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Kendall Bártů M, Němejcová K, Michálková R, Stružinská I, Hájková N, Hojný J, Krkavcová E, Laco J, Matěj R, Drozenová J, Méhes G, Fabian P, Hausnerová J, Švajdler M, Škapa P, Cibula D, Zima T, Dundr P. HER2 status as a potential predictive biomarker for ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2023; 483:497-507. [PMID: 37676270 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a subtype of ovarian carcinoma characterized by unique biological features and highly malignant characteristics including low chemosensitivity. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are needed. These could include the downstream pathways of receptor tyrosine kinases, especially the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Our main objective was to characterize the HER2 status using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH on 118 OCCCs, also considering the novel paradigm of HER2-zero and HER2-low status. Other aims included determination of the association between HER2 status and survival, HER2 gene DNA and RNA NGS analysis, HER2 gene expression analysis, and correlation between IHC and gene expression in HER2-zero and HER2-low cases. Cases with HER2 overexpression/amplification accounted for 5.1% (6/118), with additional 3% harbouring HER2 gene mutation. The remaining 112 (94.9%) cases were HER2-negative. Of these, 75% were classified as HER2-zero and 25% as HER2-low. This percentage of HER2 aberrations is significant concerning their possible therapeutic influence. Cases from the HER2-zero group showed significantly better survival. Although this relationship lost statistical significance in multivariate analysis, the results have potential therapeutic significance. HER2 gene expression analysis showed a significant correlation with HER2 IHC status in the entire cohort (HER2-positive vs. HER2-negative), while in the cohort of only HER2-negative cases, the results did not reach statistical significance, suggesting that gene expression analysis would not be suitable to confirm the subdivision into HER2-low and HER2-zero. Our results also emphasize the need for standardized HER2 testing in OCCC to determine the best predictor of clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kendall Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stružinská
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hájková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojný
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krkavcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 10034, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, 10034, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Škapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, 12800 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
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Saito R, Kuroda T, Yoshida H, Sudo K, Saito M, Tanabe H, Takano H, Yamada K, Kiyokawa T, Yonemori K, Kato T, Okamoto A, Kohno T. Genetic characteristics of platinum-sensitive ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2023; 53:781-790. [PMID: 37248674 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most ovarian clear cell carcinomas are resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy, while a small subset shows a positive response. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of platinum-sensitive ovarian clear cell carcinomas. METHODS The study included 53 patients with stage III-IV ovarian clear cell carcinoma who had residual tumours after primary surgery and received platinum-based therapy between 2009 and 2018. A retrospective examination of platinum sensitivity was performed using the criterion of ≥6 months from the last day of first-line platinum therapy until recurrence/progression. Cases determined to be platinum-sensitive were subjected to immunohistochemical staining, genomic analyses using target sequencing (i.e. NCC Oncopanel) and homologous recombination deficiency (myChoice® HRD Plus) assays. RESULTS Of the 53 stage III-IV ovarian clear cell carcinoma cases, 11 (21%) were platinum-sensitive. These cases showed better progression-free and overall survival than platinum-resistant cases (hazard ratio = 0.16, P < 0.001). Among the seven sensitive cases whose tumour tissues were available for molecular profiling, five were pure ovarian clear cell carcinoma based on pathological and genetic features, whereas the remaining two cases were re-diagnosed as high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. The pure ovarian clear cell carcinomas lacked BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, consistent with the absence of the homologous recombination deficiency phenotype, whereas two cases (40%) had ATM mutations. By contrast, the two high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cases had BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations associated with the homologous recombination deficiency phenotype. CONCLUSION The subset of platinum-sensitive ovarian clear cell carcinomas includes a majority with pure ovarian clear cell carcinoma features that lack the homologous recombination deficiency phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Saito
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sudo
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Takano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Kiyokawa
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Yonemori
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Oncology, The Jikei University Graduate School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Driva TS, Schatz C, Haybaeck J. Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Carcinomas: How PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway Affects Their Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1253. [PMID: 37627318 PMCID: PMC10452661 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell (OCCC) and endometrioid (EnOC) carcinomas are often subsumed under the umbrella term "endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer" (EAOC), since they frequently arise from ectopic endometrium settled in the ovaries. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is known to be aberrantly activated both in endometriosis and EAOC; however, its role in the progression of endometriosis to ovarian cancer remains unclear. In fact, cancer-associated alterations in the mTOR pathway may be found in normal uterine epithelium, likely acting as a first step towards ovarian cancer, through the intermediary stage of endometriosis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding mTOR signaling dysregulation in the uterine endometrium, endometriosis, and EAOC while focusing on the interconnections between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and other signaling molecules that give rise to synergistic molecular mechanisms triggering ovarian cancer development in the presence of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S. Driva
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Schatz
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Colombo I, Karakasis K, Suku S, Oza AM. Chasing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: Novel Combinations and Biomarker Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3220. [PMID: 37370830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep understanding of the tumor microenvironment and the recognition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic factor have resulted in major milestones in immunotherapy that have led to therapeutic advances in treating many cancers. Yet, the translation of this knowledge to clinical success for ovarian cancer remains a challenge. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or combined with chemotherapy has been unsatisfactory, leading to the exploration of alternative combination strategies with targeted agents (e.g., poly-ADP-ribose inhibitors (PARP)and angiogenesis inhibitors) and novel immunotherapy approaches. Among the different histological subtypes, clear cell ovarian cancer has shown a higher sensitivity to immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of the mechanism of immune resistance within the context of ovarian cancer and the identification of predictive biomarkers remain central discovery benchmarks to be realized. This will be critical to successfully define the precision use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Colombo
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via A. Gallino, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Karakasis
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Sneha Suku
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Amit M Oza
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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Stružinská I, Hájková N, Hojný J, Krkavcová E, Michálková R, Dvořák J, Němejcová K, Matěj R, Laco J, Drozenová J, Fabian P, Hausnerová J, Méhes G, Škapa P, Švajdler M, Cibula D, Frühauf F, Bártů MK, Dundr P. A comprehensive molecular analysis of 113 primary ovarian clear cell carcinomas reveals common therapeutically significant aberrations. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:72. [PMID: 37303048 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular aberrations occurring in primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) can be of diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic significance. However, a complex molecular study including genomic and transcriptomic analysis of large number of OCCC has been lacking. METHODS 113 pathologically confirmed primary OCCCs were analyzed using capture DNA NGS (100 cases; 727 solid cancer related genes) and RNA-Seq (105 cases; 147 genes) in order to describe spectra and frequency of genomic and transcriptomic alterations, as well as their prognostic and predictive significance. RESULTS The most frequent mutations were detected in genes ARID1A, PIK3CA, TERTp, KRAS, TP53, ATM, PPP2R1A, NF1, PTEN, and POLE (51,47,27,18,13,10,7,6,6, and 4%, respectively). TMB-High cases were detected in 9% of cases. Cases with POLEmut and/or MSI-High had better relapse-free survival. RNA-Seq revealed gene fusions in 14/105 (13%) cases, and heterogeneous expression pattern. The majority of gene fusions affected tyrosine kinase receptors (6/14; four of those were MET fusions) or DNA repair genes (2/14). Based on the mRNA expression pattern, a cluster of 12 OCCCs characterized by overexpression of tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) AKT3, CTNNB1, DDR2, JAK2, KIT, or PDGFRA (p < 0.00001) was identified. CONCLUSIONS The current work has elucidated the complex genomic and transcriptomic molecular hallmarks of primary OCCCs. Our results confirmed the favorable outcomes of POLEmut and MSI-High OCCC. Moreover, the molecular landscape of OCCC revealed several potential therapeutical targets. Molecular testing can provide the potential for targeted therapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stružinská
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic.
| | - Nikola Hájková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojný
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krkavcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dvořák
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, 3rd, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, 3rd, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Fabian
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Petr Škapa
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Frühauf
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic.
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Kuriyama S, Yano M, Kusaba T, Zaitsu S, Nishida H, Yasuda M, Nasu K. Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of an α-fetoprotein-producing cervical adenocarcinoma with clear cell morphology. Med Mol Morphol 2023; 56:20-27. [PMID: 36183278 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-022-00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas with clear cell morphology may be associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in various organs. We report the case of an alpha-fetoprotein-producing cervical adenocarcinoma with clear cell morphology and compare it immunohistochemically, molecularly, and virologically with cervical clear cell carcinoma, gastric-type mucinous carcinoma, and ovarian clear cell carcinoma. A 51-year-old Japanese woman was initially diagnosed with cervical clear cell carcinoma. The tumor was resistant to standard surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein were elevated. The tumor was immunohistochemically positive for alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, cytokeratin 20, spalt-like transcription factor 4, glypican 3, MUC6, and HIK1083. Gene panel testing revealed CCNE1 amplification, CDKN2A loss, and TP53 R282W. We compared the present case with 120 ovarian clear cell carcinoma cases using a tissue microarray. Only one case (0.8%) showed very limited immunohistochemical positivity for alpha-fetoprotein. Of the 54 cases in which serum carcinoembryonic antigen was measured, only one (1.9%) was elevated (19.9 ng/mL). We diagnosed the case as alpha-fetoprotein-producing cervical gastric-type mucinous carcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation. In conclusion, alpha-fetoprotein-producing cervical adenocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive tumor. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this unfamiliar tumor, its diagnostic clues, prognostic markers, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Kuriyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Mitsutake Yano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Centre, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kusaba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Sumika Zaitsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Haruto Nishida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Centre, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaei Nasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama-machi, Yufu-shi, Oita, 879-5593, Japan.,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Support System for Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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10
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McCabe A, Zaheed O, McDade SS, Dean K. Investigating the suitability of in vitro cell lines as models for the major subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104514. [PMID: 36861035 PMCID: PMC9969113 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most fatal gynaecological malignancy, accounting for over 200,000 deaths worldwide per year. EOC is a highly heterogeneous disease, classified into five major histological subtypes-high-grade serous (HGSOC), clear cell (CCOC), endometrioid (ENOC), mucinous (MOC) and low-grade serous (LGSOC) ovarian carcinomas. Classification of EOCs is clinically beneficial, as the various subtypes respond differently to chemotherapy and have distinct prognoses. Cell lines are often used as in vitro models for cancer, allowing researchers to explore pathophysiology in a relatively cheap and easy to manipulate system. However, most studies that make use of EOC cell lines fail to recognize the importance of subtype. Furthermore, the similarity of cell lines to their cognate primary tumors is often ignored. Identification of cell lines with high molecular similarity to primary tumors is needed in order to better guide pre-clinical EOC research and to improve development of targeted therapeutics and diagnostics for each distinctive subtype. This study aims to generate a reference dataset of cell lines representative of the major EOC subtypes. We found that non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) optimally clustered fifty-six cell lines into five groups, putatively corresponding to each of the five EOC subtypes. These clusters validated previous histological groupings, while also classifying other previously unannotated cell lines. We analysed the mutational and copy number landscapes of these lines to investigate whether they harboured the characteristic genomic alterations of each subtype. Finally we compared the gene expression profiles of cell lines with 93 primary tumor samples stratified by subtype, to identify lines with the highest molecular similarity to HGSOC, CCOC, ENOC, and MOC. In summary, we examined the molecular features of both EOC cell lines and primary tumors of multiple subtypes. We recommend a reference set of cell lines most suited to represent four different subtypes of EOC for both in silico and in vitro studies. We also identify lines displaying poor overall molecular similarity to EOC tumors, which we argue should be avoided in pre-clinical studies. Ultimately, our work emphasizes the importance of choosing suitable cell line models to maximise clinical relevance of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aideen McCabe
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, Galway, Ireland
| | - Oza Zaheed
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, Galway, Ireland
| | - Simon Samuel McDade
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Kellie Dean
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Kellie Dean,
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11
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Molecular portraits of clear cell ovarian and endometrial carcinoma with comparison to clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 169:164-171. [PMID: 36333181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced clear cell gynecologic malignancies remain among the most challenging diseases to manage. We evaluated ovarian and endometrial clear cell carcinoma (OCCC and ECCC) specimens using comprehensive sequencing technology to identify mutational targets and compared their molecular profiles to histologically similar clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), fragment analysis (FA), and in situ hybridization (ISH), 164 OCCC, 75 ECCC and 234 ccRCC specimens from 2015 to 2018 were evaluated and compared. RESULTS The highest mutation rates in ECCC and OCCC were noted in: ARID1A (75.0%, 87.5%), TP53 (34.8%, 11.1%), PIK3CA (25.0%, 46.8%), PPP2R1A (8.7%, 16.7%), MSI-high (8.8%, 6.4%) and PTEN (8.3%, 7.1%). Among these mutations, there was no significant difference between OCCC and ECCC mutation prevalence except in TP53, with higher mutation rates in ECCC versus OCCC (34.8 vs. 11.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). ccRCC demonstrated different mutation profiles with higher mutation rates in VHL (80.3%), PBRM1 (43.9%), SETD2 (31.1%), and KDM5C (29.2%). By contrast, VHL, PBRM1, and SETD2 mutations were not found in ECCC and OCCC (0.0%). Compared to ccRCC and ECCC, OCCC was found to have a significantly higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) (19.1%). CONCLUSION Gynecologic and renal CCC demonstrate separate and disparate somatic profiles. However, OCCC and ECCC are diseases with similar profiles. TMB and MSI analyses indicate that a subset of OCCC may benefit from immunotherapy. Prospective clinical trials are needed and are underway to examine targeted therapies in these gynecologic disease subtypes.
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12
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Gan M, Tai Z, Yu Y, Zhang C, Xu J. Next-generation sequencing shows the genomic features of ovarian clear cell cancer and compares the genetic architectures of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and clear cell carcinoma in ovarian and endometrial tissues. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14653. [PMID: 36721777 PMCID: PMC9884475 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a special histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) that is not derived from epithelial cells of the ovarian or fallopian tube as the most common type of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), but is closely related to endometriosis and similar to endometrial clear cell carcinoma (ECCC) at morphologic and phenotypic features. However, limited data was shown in OCCC genomic features and compared with that in OCCC, HGSOC and ECCC. Herein, we utilized next-generation sequencing analysis of a panel of 1,021 genes to profile the mutational alterations in 34 OCCC and compared them to those from HGSOC (402 cases) and ECCC (30 cases). In result, the ARID1A and PIK3CA are high-frequency mutations of OCCC. Clonal architectures showed that all the mutations of genes occur in the later stage in the OCCC progress, whereas KRAS mutation is the earlier event compared with mutation of ARID1A or PIK3CA, which usually occurs in a group of ARID1A or PIK3CA mutations. The mutation frequency of main driver genes is similar between OCCC and ECCC, while TP53 is the main mutation in HGSOC and ECCC. Shared mutational signatures between OCCC and ECCC tissues with commonly observed a C>T change indicated a common carcinogens-exposed between these two carcinomas, but HGSOC and ECCC have common and distinct mutational signatures across cohorts respectively. In addition, we identified some novel CNV gains in NF1, ASXL1, TCF7L2, CREBBP and LRP1B and loss in ATM, FANCM, RB1 and FLT in OCCC. Our study offered a new perspective for OCCC tumorigenesis from two organs, the ovary and uterus, at genomic architectures and revealed novel CNV events for helping to provide theoretical support for OCCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifu Gan
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zaixian Tai
- Geneplus Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - Yijian Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Geneplus Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong province, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, China
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13
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Devlin MJ, Miller RE. Disparity in the era of personalized medicine for epithelial ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359221148024. [PMID: 36643655 PMCID: PMC9837277 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221148024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of high-grade serous ovarian cancer and high-grade endometrioid ovarian cancer has seen significant improvements in recent years, with BRCA1/2 and homologous recombination status guiding a personalized approach which has resulted in improved patient outcomes. However, for other epithelial ovarian cancer subtypes, first-line treatment remains unchanged from the platinum-paclitaxel trials of the early 2000s. In this review, we explore novel therapeutic approaches being adopted in the treatment of clear cell, mucinous, carcinosarcoma and low-grade serous ovarian cancer and the biological rational behind them. We discuss why such disparities exist, the challenges faced in conducting dedicated trials in these rarer histologies and look towards new approaches being adopted to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowan E. Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK,Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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14
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Tong A, Di X, Zhao X, Liang X. Review the progression of ovarian clear cell carcinoma from the perspective of genomics and epigenomics. Front Genet 2023; 14:952379. [PMID: 36873929 PMCID: PMC9978161 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.952379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer with unique molecular characteristics, specific biological and clinical behavior, poor prognosis and high resistance to chemotherapy. Pushed by the development of genome-wide technologies, our knowledge about the molecular features of OCCC has been considerably advanced. Numerous studies are emerging as groundbreaking, and many of them are promising treatment strategies. In this article, we reviewed studies about the genomics and epigenetics of OCCC, including gene mutation, copy number variations, DNA methylation and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Tong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangjie Di
- Clinical Trial Center, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Wang J, Xi SY, Zhao Q, Xia YF, Yang QY, Cai HP, Wang F, Zhao YY, Hu HJ, Yu ZH, Chen FR, Xu PF, Xu RZ, Wang J, Zhang J, Ke C, Zhang XH, Lin FH, Guo CC, Lv YC, Li C, Xie HT, Cui Q, Wu HM, Liu YH, Li Z, Su HK, Zeng J, Han F, Li ZJ, Sai K, Chen ZP. Driver mutations in ADGRL3 are involved in the evolution of ependymoma. J Transl Med 2022; 102:702-710. [PMID: 35013530 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been recent advances in the molecular pathology of ependymomas, little is known about the underlying molecular evolution during its development. Here, we assessed the clinical, pathological and molecular evolutionary process of ependymoma recurrence in a 9-year-old patient who had seven recurrences of supratentorial ependymoma and died from intracranial multiregional recurrences at the age of 19 years old. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 7 tumor samples (1 primary and 6 subsequent recurrent tumors) was performed to elucidate the mutation landscape and identify potential driver mutations for tumor evolution. The genetic profiles of the seven tumor specimens showed significant heterogeneity and suggested a highly branched evolutionary pattern. The mutational signatures and chromothripsis changed with treatments. Strikingly, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3, also known as Latrophilins 3, LPNH3) was found to be consistently mutated during the entire disease process. However, Sanger sequencing of other 78 ependymoma patients who underwent surgery at our institution showed no genetic alteration of ADGRL3, as found in the present case. The mRNA levels of ADGRL3 were significantly lower in ependymomas (n = 36), as compared with normal brain tissue (n = 3). Grade III ependymomas had the lowest ADGRL3 expression. Moreover, ependymomas with lower mRNA level of ADGRL3 had shorter overall survival. Our findings, therefore, demonstrate a rare evolutionary process of ependymoma involving ADGRL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qun-Ying Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hai-Ping Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Huan-Jing Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ri-Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chao Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiang-Heng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fu-Hua Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Lv
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hai-Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong provincial people's hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong-Mei Wu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong provincial people's hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong provincial people's hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong provincial people's hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hong-Kai Su
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Fu Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong provincial people's hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ke Sai
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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16
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Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals immune subtypes and prognostic markers in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1215-1223. [PMID: 35043008 PMCID: PMC9023449 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We performed an integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling to identify molecular subtypes and prognostic markers with special focus on immune-related pathways.
Methods
Totally, 50 Chinese patients were subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing and transcriptomic sequencing.
Results
Two distinct subgroups were identified as immune (22.0%) and non-immune (78.0%) based on the immune-pathway related hierarchical clustering. Surprisingly, patients with immune subtype had a significantly worse survival. The prognostic capacity was validated in external cohorts. The immune group had higher expression of genes involved in pro-inflammation and checkpoints. PD-1 signalling pathway was enriched in the immune subtype. Besides, the immune cluster presented enriched expression of genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling, while the non-immune subtype had higher expression of metabolic pathways. The immune subtype had a higher mutation rate of PIK3CA though significance was not achieved. Lastly, we established a prognostic immune signature for overall survival. Interestingly, the immune signature could also be applied to renal clear cell carcinoma, but not to other histologic subtype of ovarian cancer.
Conclusions
An immune subtype of OCCC was identified with poor survival and enrichment of PD-1 and PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling. We constructed and validated a robust prognostic immune signature of OCCC patients.
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17
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Wang M, Xiong Z. The Mutation and Expression Level of LRP1B are Associated with Immune Infiltration and Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6343-6358. [PMID: 34629898 PMCID: PMC8495614 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s333390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the expression level and mutation of LRP1B in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyse the relationship between its prognostic value and immune invasion. Methods HCC mutant gene sets were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium databases. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to evaluate the prognostic value of LRP1B expression and mutation load in HCC. The relationships between LRP1B expression level and immune cells and immune marker molecules were analysed by using the TIMER database. The association of LRP1B expression with drug sensitivity was obtained by using CellMiner. Gene set enrichment analysis and co-expression by Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the internal mechanism of LRP1B in HCC. Results Seventeen most commonly mutated genes were screened out, and LRP1B was the only gene associated with HCC prognosis. The copy number variations were significantly correlated with T cell CD8+ (P < 0.05). LRP1B expression level was positively correlated with the infiltration degree of macrophage (P < 0.05, R = 0.132), myeloid dendritic cell (P < 0.05, R = 0.093), neutrophil (P < 0.05, R = 0.134) and T cell CD8+ cells (P < 0.05, R = 0.102) and negatively correlated with B cell (P < 0.05, R = −0.014) and T cell CD4+ (P < 0.05, R = −0.075). LRP1B expression level was significantly correlated with immunomarker molecules and drug sensitivity (all P < 0.05). The prediction of lncRNA RUSC1-AS1/hsa-miR-215-5p/LRP1B axis by bioinformatics may be the potential mechanism underlying LRP1B’s effect on HCC prognosis and progression. Conclusion LRP1B plays a vital role in HCC prognostic value, which is expected to be a new potential therapeutic target for HCC. LRP1B provides a theoretical basis for the clinical targeted therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430077, People's Republic of China
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18
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Watanabe T, Nanamiya H, Endo Y, Kojima M, Nomura S, Furukawa S, Soeda S, Tamura H, Ryufuku M, Tanaka D, Isogai T, Imai JI, Watanabe S, Fujimori K. Identification and clinical significance of somatic oncogenic mutations in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:129. [PMID: 34615547 PMCID: PMC8496016 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinicopathological features and behaviors, and its heterogeneity may be concerned with the accumulation of multiple somatic oncogenic mutations. The major goals of this study are to systematically perform the comprehensive mutational profiling in EOC patients, and investigate the associations between somatic mutations and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS A total of 80 surgical specimens were obtained from EOC patients who had previously undergone primary debulking surgery, and genomic DNAs were extracted from fresh-frozen tissues. We investigated mutational status in hot spot regions of 50 cancer-related genes by targeted next-generation sequencing using an Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 Kit. RESULTS Validated mutations were detected in 66 of the 80 tumors (82.5%). The five most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (43.8%), PIK3CA (27.5%), KRAS (23.8%), PTEN (10%) and CTNNB1 (10%). PTEN and CTNNB1 mutations were associated with younger age. PIK3CA1, KRAS and CTNNB1 mutations were observed in early-stage, whereas TP53 mutations were more common in advanced stage. Significant associations were observed between TP53 mutation and serous carcinoma, and between KRAS mutation and mucinous carcinoma. Both PIK3CA mutation and CTNNB1 mutation were also significantly associated with endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma. The patients with PIK3CA and KRAS mutations were significantly associated with favorable progression free survival (PFS). In particular, PIK3CA mutations had more significant associations with favorable PFS than PIK3CA wild-type in the endometrioid subtype (P = 0.012). Patients with mutations only in TP53 were significantly associated with worse PFS. CONCLUSION EOCs were heterogeneous at the genomic level and harbored somatic oncogenic mutations. Our molecular profiling may have the potential for becoming a novel stratification within histological subtypes of EOC. Further studies are needed to define molecular classification for improved clinical outcomes and treatment of EOC patients in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Nanamiya
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuta Endo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Manabu Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Nomura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigenori Furukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirosumi Tamura
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Masae Ryufuku
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takao Isogai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
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19
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Chiang YC, Lin PH, Lu TP, Kuo KT, Tai YJ, Hsu HC, Wu CY, Lee CY, Shen H, Chen CA, Cheng WF. A DNA Damage Response Gene Panel for Different Histologic Types of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinomas and Their Outcomes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101384. [PMID: 34680501 PMCID: PMC8533221 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is important for maintaining genomic integrity of the cell. Aberrant DDR pathways lead to accumulation of DNA damage, genomic instability and malignant transformations. Gene mutations have been proven to be associated with epithelial ovarian cancer, and the majority of the literature has focused on BRCA. In this study, we investigated the somatic mutation of DNA damage response genes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients using a multiple-gene panel with next-generation sequencing. In all, 69 serous, 39 endometrioid and 64 clear cell carcinoma patients were enrolled. Serous carcinoma patients (69.6%) had higher percentages of DDR gene mutations compared with patients with endometrioid (33.3%) and clear cell carcinoma (26.6%) (p < 0.001, chi-squared test). The percentages of DDR gene mutations in patients with recurrence (53.9 vs. 32.9% p = 0.006, chi-squared test) or cancer-related death (59.2 vs. 34.4% p = 0.001, chi-squared test) were higher than those without recurrence or living patients. In endometrioid carcinoma, patients with ≥2 DDR gene mutations had shorter PFS (p = 0.0035, log-rank test) and OS (p = 0.015, log-rank test) than those with one mutation or none. In clear cell carcinoma, patients with ≥2 DDR gene mutations had significantly shorter PFS (p = 0.0056, log-rank test) and OS (p = 0.0046, log-rank test) than those with 1 DDR mutation or none. In the EOC patients, somatic DDR gene mutations were associated with advanced-stage tumor recurrence and tumor-related death. Type I EOC patients with DDR mutations had an unfavorable prognosis, especially for clear cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Ting Kuo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Jou Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Heng-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 30059, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.); (H.S.)
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 30059, Taiwan
| | - Hung Shen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 30059, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.-A.C.); (W.-F.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 71964) (W.-F.C.)
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan; (Y.-J.T.); (C.-Y.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan; (H.-C.H.); (C.-Y.L.); (H.S.)
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100025, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-A.C.); (W.-F.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 71964) (W.-F.C.)
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20
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Príncipe C, Dionísio de Sousa IJ, Prazeres H, Soares P, Lima RT. LRP1B: A Giant Lost in Cancer Translation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:836. [PMID: 34577535 PMCID: PMC8469001 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B) is a giant member of the LDLR protein family, which includes several structurally homologous cell surface receptors with a wide range of biological functions from cargo transport to cell signaling. LRP1B is among the most altered genes in human cancer overall. Found frequently inactivated by several genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, it has mostly been regarded as a putative tumor suppressor. Still, limitations in LRP1B studies exist, in particular associated with its huge size. Therefore, LRP1B expression and function in cancer remains to be fully unveiled. This review addresses the current understanding of LRP1B and the studies that shed a light on the LRP1B structure and ligands. It goes further in presenting increasing knowledge brought by technical and methodological advances that allow to better manipulate LRP1B expression in cells and to more thoroughly explore its expression and mutation status. New evidence is pushing towards the increased relevance of LRP1B in cancer as a potential target or translational prognosis and response to therapy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Príncipe
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (H.P.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel J. Dionísio de Sousa
- Department of Oncology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Prazeres
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (H.P.); (P.S.)
- IPO-Coimbra, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (H.P.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel T. Lima
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.P.); (H.P.); (P.S.)
- Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP—Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Mori S, Gotoh O, Kiyotani K, Low SK. Genomic alterations in gynecological malignancies: histotype-associated driver mutations, molecular subtyping schemes, and tumorigenic mechanisms. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:853-868. [PMID: 34092788 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous histological subtypes (histotypes) of gynecological malignancies, with each histotype considered to largely reflect a feature of the "cell of origin," and to be tightly linked with the clinical behavior and biological phenotype of the tumor. The recent advances in massive parallel sequencing technologies have provided a more complete picture of the range of the genomic alterations that can persist within individual tumors, and have highlighted the types and frequencies of driver-gene mutations and molecular subtypes often associated with these histotypes. Several large-scale genomic cohorts, including the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have been used to characterize the genomic features of a range of gynecological malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, uterine cervical carcinoma, and uterine carcinosarcoma. These datasets have also been pivotal in identifying clinically relevant molecular targets and biomarkers, and in the construction of molecular subtyping schemes. In addition, the recent widespread use of clinical sequencing for the more ubiquitous types of gynecological cancer has manifested in a series of large genomic datasets that have allowed the characterization of the genomes, driver mutations, and histotypes of even rare cancer types, with sufficient statistical power. Here, we review the field of gynecological cancer, and seek to describe the genomic features by histotype. We also will demonstrate how these are linked with clinicopathological attributes and highlight the potential tumorigenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Mori
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Osamu Gotoh
- Project for Development of Innovative Research on Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kiyotani
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siew Kee Low
- Project for Immunogenomics, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Acquired Evolution of Mitochondrial Metabolism Regulated by HNF1B in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102413. [PMID: 34067626 PMCID: PMC8157013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary exhibits a unique morphology and clinically malignant behavior. The eosinophilic cytoplasm includes abundant glycogen. Although the growth is slow, the prognosis is poor owing to resistance to conventional chemotherapies. CCC often arises in endometriotic cysts and is accompanied by endometriosis. Based on these characteristics, three clinical questions are considered: why does ovarian cancer, especially CCC and endometrioid carcinoma, frequently occur in endometriotic cysts, why do distinct histological subtypes (CCC and endometrioid carcinoma) arise in the endometriotic cyst, and why does ovarian CCC possess unique characteristics? Mutations in AT-rich interacting domain-containing protein 1A and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit alpha genes may contribute to the carcinogenesis of ovarian CCC, whereas hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-beta (HNF1B) plays crucial roles in sculpting the unique characteristics of ovarian CCC through metabolic alterations. HNF1B increases glutathione synthesis, activates anaerobic glycolysis called the Warburg effect, and suppresses mitochondria. These metabolic changes may be induced in stressful environments. Life has evolved to utilize and control energy; eukaryotes require mitochondria to transform oxygen reduction into useful energy. Because mitochondrial function is suppressed in ovarian CCC, these cancer cells probably acquired further metabolic evolution during the carcinogenic process in order to survive stressful environments.
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23
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Lapke N, Chen CH, Chang TC, Chao A, Lu YJ, Lai CH, Tan KT, Chen HC, Lu HY, Chen SJ. Genetic alterations and their therapeutic implications in epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 33947352 PMCID: PMC8097933 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic alterations for epithelial ovarian cancer are insufficiently characterized. Previous studies are limited regarding included histologies, gene numbers, copy number variant (CNV) detection, and interpretation of pathway alteration patterns of individual patients. METHODS We sequenced 410 genes to analyze mutations and CNV of 82 ovarian carcinomas, including high-grade serous (n = 37), endometrioid (n = 22) and clear cell (n = 23) histologies. Eligibility for targeted therapy was determined for each patient by a pathway-based approach. The analysis covered DNA repair, receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT/MTOR, RAS/MAPK, cell cycle, and hedgehog pathways, and included 14 drug targets. RESULTS Postulated PARP, MTOR, and CDK4/6 inhibition sensitivity were most common. BRCA1/2 alterations, PTEN loss, and gain of PIK3CA and CCND1 were characteristic for high-grade serous carcinomas. Mutations of ARID1A, PIK3CA, and KRAS, and ERBB2 gain were enriched in the other histologies. PTEN mutations and high tumor mutational burden were characteristic for endometrioid carcinomas. Drug target downstream alterations impaired actionability in all histologies, and many alterations would not have been discovered by key gene mutational analysis. Individual patients often had more than one actionable drug target. CONCLUSIONS Genetic alterations in ovarian carcinomas are complex and differ among histologies. Our results aid the personalization of therapy and biomarker analysis for clinical studies, and indicate a high potential for combinations of targeted therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/therapy
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/genetics
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Endometrioid/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/therapy
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA Mutational Analysis/methods
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods
- Humans
- Mutation
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy
- Precision Medicine
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lapke
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., Units 803 - 807, 8F, Building 15W, No.15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok. NT, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou Medical Center, 5 Fushin St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fushin St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Angel Chao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou Medical Center, 5 Fushin St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fushin St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jung Lu
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan.
| | - Chyong-Huey Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou Medical Center, 5 Fushin St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fushin St., Guishan District, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kien Thiam Tan
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Chien Chen
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lu
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 3F., No.345, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan
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24
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Suszczyk D, Skiba W, Jakubowicz-Gil J, Kotarski J, Wertel I. The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in the Development and/or Progression of Endometriosis-State of the Art. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030677. [PMID: 33803806 PMCID: PMC8003224 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is a common gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Approximately 10% of women around the world suffer from this disease. Recent studies suggest that endometriosis has potential to transform into endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Endometriosis is connected with chronic inflammation and changes in the phenotype, activity, and function of immune cells. The underlying mechanisms include quantitative and functional disturbances of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages (MO/MA), natural killer cells (NK), and T cells. A few reports have shown that immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) may promote the progression of endometriosis. MDSCs are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells (dendritic cells, granulocytes, and MO/MA precursors), which play an important role in the development of immunological diseases such as chronic inflammation and cancer. The presence of MDSCs in pathological conditions correlates with immunosuppression, angiogenesis, or release of growth factors and cytokines, which promote progression of these diseases. In this paper, we review the impact of MDSCs on different populations of immune cells, focusing on their immunosuppressive role in the immune system, which may be related with the pathogenesis and/or progression of endometriosis and its transformation into ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Suszczyk
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Wiktoria Skiba
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Iida Y, Okamoto A, Hollis RL, Gourley C, Herrington CS. Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a clinical and molecular perspective. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2020; 31:605-616. [PMID: 32948640 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-001656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary has distinct biology and clinical behavior. There are significant geographical and racial differences in the incidence of clear cell carcinoma compared with other epithelial ovarian tumors. Patients with clear cell carcinoma are younger, tend to present at an early stage, and their tumors are commonly associated with endometriosis, which is widely accepted as a direct precursor of clear cell carcinoma and has been identified pathologically in approximately 50% of clear cell carcinoma cases. The most frequent and important specific gene alterations in clear cell carcinoma are mutations of AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) (~50% of cases) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (~50% cases). More broadly, subgroups of clear cell carcinoma have been identified based on C-APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like) and C-AGE (age-related) mutational signatures. Gene expression profiling shows upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) and oxidative stress-related genes, and has identified epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like tumor subgroups. Although the benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy is not clearly defined it remains the mainstay of first-line therapy. Patients with early-stage disease have a favorable clinical outcome but the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage or recurrent disease is poor. Alternative treatment strategies are required to improve patient outcome and the development of targeted therapies based on molecular characteristics is a promising approach. Improved specificity of the histological definition of this tumor type is helping these efforts but, due to the rarity of clear cell carcinoma, international collaboration will be essential to design appropriately powered, large-scale clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert L Hollis
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charlie Gourley
- University of Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Murakami K, Kotani Y, Nakai H, Matsumura N. Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer: The Origin and Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061676. [PMID: 32599890 PMCID: PMC7352633 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cysts (ECs) are thought to be the origin of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). A hypothesis that the oxidative stress of iron in cysts causes “malignant transformation of ECs” has been proposed, but this has not been verified. Several population-based studies showed that endometriosis was a risk factor but did not reflect the “malignant transformation of ECs”. A review showed that most patients were diagnosed with EAOC early in monitoring following detection of ECs, and that these cases might have been cancer from the start. Epidemiologically, EAOC was reduced by hysterectomy rather than by cystectomy of ECs. Gene mutation analyses identified oncogenic mutations in endometriosis and normal endometrium and revealed that the same mutations were present at different endometriotic lesions. It was also shown that most of the gene mutations found in endometriosis occurred in normal endometrium. Taking together, EAOC might be caused by eutopic endometrial glandular epithelial cells with oncogenic mutations that have undergone menstrual blood reflux and engrafted in the ovary, rather than by low-risk ECs acquiring oncogenic mutations and becoming malignant. This review discusses the mechanisms of EAOC development and targeted therapy based on genetic variation in EAOC with a focus on eutopic endometrium.
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27
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Khalique S, Lord CJ, Banerjee S, Natrajan R. Translational genomics of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 61:121-131. [PMID: 31698086 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are rare aggressive, chemo-resistant tumours comprising approximately 13% of all epithelial ovarian cancers, which have distinct clinical and molecular features, when compared to other gynaecological malignancies. At present, there are no specific licensed targeted therapies for OCCC, although a number of candidate targets have been identified. This review focuses on recent knowledge underpinning our understanding of the pathogenesis of OCCC including direct and synthetic-lethal therapeutic strategies in particular focussing on ARID1A deficiency. We also discuss current targeted clinical trials and immunotherapeutic approaches.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/etiology
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/therapy
- Biomarkers
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/etiology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/therapy
- DNA Copy Number Variations
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Disease Management
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genomics/methods
- Humans
- Mutation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Translational Research, Biomedical
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khalique
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Susana Banerjee
- Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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Nishio S, Matsumoto K, Takehara K, Kawamura N, Hasegawa K, Takeshima N, Aoki D, Kamiura S, Arakawa A, Kondo E, Hirakawa T, Yamamoto K, Aoki M, Stein K, Keefe S, Fujiwara K, Ushijima K. Pembrolizumab monotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced ovarian cancer: Subgroup analysis from the KEYNOTE-100. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1324-1332. [PMID: 32012411 PMCID: PMC7156846 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interim results from the two-cohort, phase 2 KEYNOTE-100 study (NCT02674061) of 376 patients with previously treated advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) showed that pembrolizumab monotherapy was associated with an objective response rate (ORR) of 8.0% (95% CI, 5.4-11.2). We present outcomes for the Japanese patients (n = 21) enrolled in KEYNOTE-100. Patients with epithelial ROC had received either 1-3 prior chemotherapy lines and had platinum-free interval or treatment-free interval (PFI; TFI) of 3-12 months (cohort A) or 4-6 prior chemotherapy lines and had PFI/TFI of ≥3 months (cohort B). All patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks as monotherapy for 2 years or until progression, death, unacceptable toxicity or consent withdrawal. Primary objectives were ORR per RECIST v1.1 for each cohort and higher programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor expression. The relationship between PD-L1 expression (measured as combined positive score [CPS]) and ORR was assessed. Twenty-one Japanese patients (cohort A, n = 19; cohort B, n = 2) were treated. The median (range) age was 57 (37-78) years; 19 (90.5%) patients had ECOG status of 0 and 16 (76.2%) patients had stage III-IV disease. ORR was 19.0% (95% CI, 5.4-41.9) and seemed to increase with increasing PD-L1 expression. A total of 13 (61.9%) patients had treatment-related adverse events (TRAE), and 5 (23.8%) had grade 3-4 TRAE. There were no treatment-related deaths in this subpopulation. Pembrolizumab monotherapy was associated with antitumor activity in Japanese patients with ROC, with no new safety signals identified in this subpopulation. The data suggested a trend toward higher PD-L1 expression among some patients with higher ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nishio
- Kurume University School of MedicineKurumeJapan
| | | | | | | | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Saitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Saitama Medical University International Medical CenterHidakaJapan
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Precision medicine for ovarian clear cell carcinoma based on gene alterations. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:419-424. [PMID: 32020380 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a histological subtype of epithelial ovarian carcinoma prevalent in Asians. No clear therapeutic selection based on molecular profile has been implemented for this disease. Oncogenic PIK3CA mutation, which activates the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, is a promising druggable alteration in OCCC. Recent studies by our group and others have identified the ARID1A mutation as another alteration linked to therapeutic selection based on synthetic lethality: deleterious ARID1A mutations, resulting in ARID1A deficiency, make OCCC cells sensitive to drugs targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and EZH2, as well as to glutathione inhibitors. In addition, we recently obtained evidence that ARID1A-deficient OCCC could benefit from gemcitabine treatment. Precision medicine based on gene alteration profiling might improve the prognosis of OCCC patients.
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Abstract
This review is an appraisal of the current state of knowledge of 2 enigmatic histotypes of ovarian carcinoma: endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma. Both show an association endometriosis and the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch) syndrome, and both typically present at an early stage. Pathologic and immunohistochemical features that distinguish these tumors from high-grade serous carcinomas, each other, and other potential mimics are discussed, as are staging, grading, and molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwole Fadare
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Vinita Parkash
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 20 York Street, EP2-607, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Tuaeva NO, Falzone L, Porozov YB, Nosyrev AE, Trukhan VM, Kovatsi L, Spandidos DA, Drakoulis N, Kalogeraki A, Mamoulakis C, Tzanakakis G, Libra M, Tsatsakis A. Translational Application of Circulating DNA in Oncology: Review of the Last Decades Achievements. Cells 2019; 8:E1251. [PMID: 31615102 PMCID: PMC6829588 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the introduction of new molecular techniques in experimental and clinical settings has allowed researchers and clinicians to propose circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and liquid biopsy as novel promising strategies for the early diagnosis of cancer and for the definition of patients' prognosis. It was widely demonstrated that through the non-invasive analysis of ctDNA, it is possible to identify and characterize the mutational status of tumors while avoiding invasive diagnostic strategies. Although a number of studies on ctDNA in patients' samples significantly contributed to the improvement of oncology practice, some investigations generated conflicting data about the diagnostic and prognostic significance of ctDNA. Hence, to highlight the relevant achievements obtained so far in this field, a clearer description of the current methodologies used, as well as the obtained results, are strongly needed. On these bases, this review discusses the most relevant studies on ctDNA analysis in cancer, as well as the future directions and applications of liquid biopsy. In particular, special attention was paid to the early diagnosis of primary cancer, to the diagnosis of tumors with an unknown primary location, and finally to the prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, the current limitations of ctDNA-based approaches and possible strategies to overcome these limitations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia O Tuaeva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
| | - Alexander E Nosyrev
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir M Trukhan
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Leda Kovatsi
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54248 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Drakoulis
- Research Group of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Kalogeraki
- Department of Pathology-Cytopathology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Charalampos Mamoulakis
- Department of Urology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Medical School, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnlogical Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119048 Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003 Crete, Greece.
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Makii C, Ikeda Y, Oda K, Uehara Y, Nishijima A, Koso T, Kawata Y, Kashiyama T, Miyasaka A, Sone K, Tanikawa M, Tsuruga T, Mori-Uchino M, Nagasaka K, Matsumoto Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Kawana K, Hasegawa K, Fujiwara K, Aburatani H, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Anti-tumor activity of dual inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and MDM2 against clear cell ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 155:331-339. [PMID: 31493899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PI3K pathway signaling has received attention as a molecular target in clear cell ovarian carcinoma (CCOC). MDM2 is one of the AKT effectors in the PI3K pathway, which binds to and degrades p53. In this study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic significance of PIK3CA and MDM2 expression, and potential therapeutic effect of a dual inhibition of the PI3K pathway and MDM2. MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA expression was evaluated by using microarray data using 75 samples of CCOC. DS-7423 (dual inhibitor of pan-PI3K and mTOR) and RG7112 (MDM2 inhibitor) were used on CCOC cell lines to evaluate cell proliferation, expression level of MDM2 related proteins, and apoptosis by MTT assay, western blotting, and flow cytometry. DS-7423 (3 mg/kg) and/or RG7112 (50 mg/kg) were orally administrated every day for three weeks, and the anti-tumor effect was evaluated using tumor xenografts, along with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Tumors with high expression of both PIK3CA and MDM2 showed significantly worse prognosis in expression array of 71 CCOCs (P = 0.013). Dual inhibition of the PI3K pathway by DS-7423 and MDM2 by RG7112 showed synergistic anti-proliferative effect in 4 CCOC cell lines without TP53 mutations. The combination therapy more robustly induced pro-apoptotic proteins (PUMA and cleaved PARP) with increase of sub G1 population and apoptotic cells, compared with either single agent alone. The combination therapy significantly reduced tumor volume in mice (P < 0.001 in OVISE, and P = 0.038 in RMG-I) without severe body weight loss. Immunohistochemistry from the xenograft tumors showed that the combination treatment significantly reduced vascularity and cell proliferation, with an increase of apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION A combination therapy targeting the PI3K pathway and MDM2 might be a promising therapeutic strategy in CCOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinami Makii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Current address; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Uehara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Nishijima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kashiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Tsuruga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuyo Mori-Uchino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Dugas SG, Müller DC, Le Magnen C, Federer‐Gsponer J, Seifert H, Ruiz C, Savic Prince S, Vlajnic T, Zellweger T, Mertz KD, Bacon JVW, Wyatt AW, Rentsch CA, Bubendorf L. Immunocytochemistry for ARID1A as a potential biomarker in urine cytology of bladder cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 127:578-585. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G. Dugas
- Department of Urology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - David C. Müller
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Clémentine Le Magnen
- Department of Urology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christian Ruiz
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Tatjana Vlajnic
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Kirsten D. Mertz
- Institute of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Baselland Liestal Switzerland
| | - Jack V. W. Bacon
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Alexander W. Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
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34
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Maru Y, Tanaka N, Ebisawa K, Odaka A, Sugiyama T, Itami M, Hippo Y. Establishment and characterization of patient-derived organoids from a young patient with cervical clear cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2992-3005. [PMID: 31265190 PMCID: PMC6726688 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical clear cell carcinoma (cCCC) constitutes an extremely rare subtype of cervical cancer. Consequently, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown, with no cell lines established from primary tumors. Here, we report the first establishment of cCCC organoids, from biopsy samples of a 23‐year‐old patient diagnosed with cCCC. By applying a protocol that we recently optimized for gynecological tumors, we were able to propagate a patient‐derived cell line (PDC) for more than 6 months as organoids. This PDC tolerated cryopreservation and proliferated either as spheroids or adherent cells, and developed xenografts in immunodeficient mice, ensuring robust utility as a cell line. Intriguingly, the resected tumor focally contained serous carcinoma (SC) in a tiny protruding lesion. Both organoids and derivative xenografts resembled the CCC component of the original tumor in histology, immunostaining profile, and genome‐wide copy number changes, including focal gain of MET. Genomic analysis revealed that both organoids and the CCC component harbored only a few mutations, of which 2 mutations were shared in common. In contrast, the SC component showed a mutator‐phenotype and prominent genome instability along with biallelic inactivation of TP53, but none of them were found in organoids or the CCC component. The PDC proved sensitive to major chemotherapeutic agents and MET inhibitors. These observations clearly indicated that the PDC, designated as YMC7, can be used as a novel cCCC cell line and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of mixed cervical adenocarcinoma. As a valuable resource for rare cancer, it will likely contribute to investigations in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Maru
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naotake Tanaka
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiko Ebisawa
- Department of Gynecology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Odaka
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Makiko Itami
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hippo
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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35
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Su YF, Tsai EM, Chen CC, Wu CC, Er TK. Targeted sequencing of a specific gene panel detects a high frequency of ARID1A and PIK3CA mutations in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Efficient use of patient-derived organoids as a preclinical model for gynecologic tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:189-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Garziera M, Roncato R, Montico M, De Mattia E, Gagno S, Poletto E, Scalone S, Canzonieri V, Giorda G, Sorio R, Cecchin E, Toffoli G. New Challenges in Tumor Mutation Heterogeneity in Advanced Ovarian Cancer by a Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Approach. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060584. [PMID: 31197119 PMCID: PMC6627128 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has advanced knowledge of the genomic landscape of ovarian cancer, leading to an innovative molecular classification of the disease. However, patient survival and response to platinum-based treatments are still not predictable based on the tumor genetic profile. This retrospective study characterized the repertoire of somatic mutations in advanced ovarian cancer to identify tumor genetic markers predictive of platinum chemo-resistance and prognosis. Using targeted NGS, 79 primary advanced (III-IV stage, tumor grade G2-3) ovarian cancer tumors, including 64 high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs), were screened with a 26 cancer-genes panel. Patients, enrolled between 1995 and 2011, underwent primary debulking surgery (PDS) with optimal residual disease (RD < 1 cm) and platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment. We found a heterogeneous mutational landscape in some uncommon ovarian histotypes and in HGSOC tumor samples with relevance in predicting platinum sensitivity. In particular, we identified a poor prognostic signature in patients with HGSOC harboring concurrent mutations in two driver actionable genes of the panel. The tumor heterogeneity described, sheds light on the translational potential of targeted NGS approach for the identification of subgroups of patients with distinct therapeutic vulnerabilities, that are modulated by the specific mutational profile expressed by the ovarian tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Marcella Montico
- Scientific Directorate, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Elena Poletto
- Medical Oncology, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" University Hospital, ASUIUD, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Simona Scalone
- Medical Oncology Unit C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Medical Oncology Unit C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
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38
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Current Status of Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Models. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050505. [PMID: 31130643 PMCID: PMC6562658 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of female cancer death. Recent studies have documented its extensive variations as a disease entity, in terms of cell or tissue of origin, pre-cancerous lesions, common mutations, and therapeutic responses, leading to the notion that OC is a generic term referring to a whole range of different cancer subtypes. Despite such heterogeneity, OC treatment is stereotypic; aggressive surgery followed by conventional chemotherapy could result in chemo-resistant diseases. Whereas molecular-targeted therapies will become shortly available for a subset of OC, there still remain many patients without effective drugs, requiring development of groundbreaking therapeutic agents. In preclinical studies for drug discovery, cancer cell lines used to be the gold standard, but now this has declined due to frequent failure in predicting therapeutic responses in patients. In this regard, patient-derived cells and tumors are gaining more attention in precise and physiological modeling of in situ tumors, which could also pave the way to implementation of precision medicine. In this article, we comprehensively overviewed the current status of various platforms for patient-derived OC models. We highly appreciate the potentials of organoid culture in achieving high success rate and retaining tumor heterogeneity.
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39
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Jiang Y, Zhu C, He D, Gao Q, Tian X, Ma X, Wu J, Das BC, Severinov K, Hitzeroth II, Debata PR, Liu R, Zou L, Shi L, Xu H, Wang K, Bao Y, Ka-Kit LR, You Z, Cui Z, Hu Z. Cytological Immunostaining of HMGA2, LRP1B, and TP63 as Potential Biomarkers for Triaging Human Papillomavirus-Positive Women. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:959-967. [PMID: 31102921 PMCID: PMC6525307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Since human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing has been promoted as primary screening strategy, the triage method has also evolved from morphological testing to a molecular biomarker detection to improve screening efficiency. In this study, we investigated the performance of three HPV integration hot-spots, HMGA2, LRP1B, and TP63, as potential triage markers in HPV screening tests. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to December 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Immunocytochemistry was carried out using residual cervical cell samples from 121 HPV-positive cases (23 normal, 24 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, and 74 CIN2+). Results: Of the 121 cases, 77 showed completely paired for the three biomarkers. In these 77 cases, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of HMGA2 showed the best potential for detecting CIN2+ among HPV+ cases (sensitivity 70%; specificity 91.89%; AUC 0.839). TP63 was second most effective biomarker (AUC 0.838; sensitivity 80%; specificity 81.08%). In contrast, LRP1B had the smallest AUC (0.801) among the three biomarkers but had the highest sensitivity (90%) and specificity (56.76%). To test the triage value of combining the three biomarkers, logistic regression was conducted followed by ROC comparison analysis. Promisingly, the combination of the three biomarkers gave the largest AUC of 0.951 with 92.5% sensitivity and 89.1% specificity (P < .0001 compared to liquid-based cytology test by Z-test). Conclusions: A combination of HMGA2, LRP1B, and TP63 as potential biomarkers may be useful for screening during triage of HPV-positive patients, particularly for detecting CIN2 + .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital/Institute for Cancer Prevention and Treatment,Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei Province, 448000, China.
| | - Chengyi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, 442008, China.
| | - Dan He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2(nd) Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
| | - Xun Tian
- Central Hospital of Wuhan City, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, PR China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, India.
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya str., Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Inga Isabel Hitzeroth
- E. Rybicki's Biopharming Research Unit. 11 Clifford Avenue, Vredehoek, 8001, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | | | - Rong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
| | - Liang Zou
- Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei Province, China..
| | - Long Shi
- Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei Province, China..
| | - Hua Xu
- Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei Province, China..
| | - Kaixiu Wang
- Jingmen No.2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei Province, China..
| | | | - Leung Ross Ka-Kit
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Dongguan Maternal and Child Hospital.
| | - Zeshan You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.
| | - Zifeng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430030, China.
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Zhang L, Luo M, Yang H, Zhu S, Cheng X, Qing C. Next-generation sequencing-based genomic profiling analysis reveals novel mutations for clinical diagnosis in Chinese primary epithelial ovarian cancer patients. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:19. [PMID: 30786925 PMCID: PMC6381667 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most malignant gynecological tumors, associated with excess death rate (50-60%) in ovarian cancer patients. Particularly, among newly occurred ovarian cancer patients, 70% of clinical cases are diagnosed at the advanced stage, which definitely delay the timely treatment and lead to high mortality rate within 5 years post diagnosis. Therefore, identification of sensitive gene markers, as well as development of reliable genetic diagnosis, are important for the early detection and precise therapy for OC patients. This study aims to identify novel genetic mutations and develop a feasible clinical approach for early OC diagnosis. METHODS The OC tissue-derived DNA sample was acquired from 31 OC patients, and the somatic gene mutations will be identified after comparison with normal samples, using Genome-wide analysis and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 463 somatic mutations, which were considered as potential pathogenic sites, were assigned to 473 genes. Among them, 15 genes (TP53, TTN, MUC16, OR4N2, BRCA1, CAD, CCDC129, INSR, NAV3, NELL2, NRAS, OBSCN, PGLYRP4, RBM15B and TRPC7) were mutated on at least two sites. These genes were mapped to RNA sequencing (RNAseq) data, and a total of 117 genes had an absolute fold- change ≥ 2 and p ≤ 0.01. Five genes were mutated in at least two OC patients. Gene ontology (GO) classification indicated that a majority of genes participated in biological processes. Kyoto Enrichment of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analysis revealed that the genes were mainly involved in the regulation of metabolic signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study identified several novel genetic alterations pathway for early clinical diagnosis and provided abundant information for understanding molecular mechanisms of the OC occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Yunnan Tumor Hospital & The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650118, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Western Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Cheng Gong District, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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Salazar C, Campbell IG, Gorringe KL. When Is "Type I" Ovarian Cancer Not "Type I"? Indications of an Out-Dated Dichotomy. Front Oncol 2018; 8:654. [PMID: 30627526 PMCID: PMC6309131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The dualistic classification of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) into “type I” and “type II” is widely applied in the research setting; it is used as a convenient way of conceptualizing different mechanisms of tumorigenesis. However, this classification conflicts with recent molecular insights of the etiology of EOC. Molecular and cell of origin studies indicate that while type II tumors could be classed together, type I tumors are not homogenous, even within the histological types, and can have poor clinical outcomes. Type II high grade serous carcinoma and type I low grade serous carcinomas best fit the description of the dualistic model, with different precursors, and distinct molecular profiles. However, endometriosis-associated cancers should be considered a separate group, without assuming an indolent course or type I genetic profiles. Furthermore, the very clear differences between mucinous ovarian carcinomas and other type I tumors, including an uncertain origin, and heterogeneous mutational spectrum and clinical behavior, indicate a non-type I classification for this entity. The impression that only type II carcinomas are aggressive, have poor prognosis, and carry TP53 mutations is an unhelpful misinterpretation of the dualistic classification. In this review, we revisit the history of EOC classification, and discuss the misunderstanding of the dualistic model by comparing the clinical and molecular heterogeneity of EOC types. We also emphasize that all EOC research, both basic and clinical, should consider the subtypes as different diseases beyond the type I/type II model, and base novel therapies on the molecular characteristics of each tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Salazar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Oda K, Hamanishi J, Matsuo K, Hasegawa K. Genomics to immunotherapy of ovarian clear cell carcinoma: Unique opportunities for management. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 151:381-389. [PMID: 30217369 PMCID: PMC7526052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is distinctive from other histological types of epithelial ovarian cancer, with genetic/epigenetic alterations, a specific immune-related molecular profile, and epidemiologic associations with ethnicity and endometriosis. These findings allow for the exploration of unique and specific treatments for OCCC. Two major mutated genes in OCCC are PIK3CA and ARID1A, which are frequently coexistent with each other. Other genes' alterations also contribute to activation of the PI3K (e.g. PIK3R1 and PTEN) and dysregulation of the chromatin remodeling complex (e.g. ARID1B, and SMARKA4). Although the number of focal copy number variations is small in OCCC, amplification is recurrently detected at chromosome 20q13.2 (including ZNF217), 8q, and 17q. Both expression and methylation profiling highlight the significance of adjustments to oxidative stress and inflammation. In particular, up-regulation of HNF-1β resulting from hypomethylation contributes to the switch from anaerobic to aerobic glucose metabolism. Additionally, up-regulation of HNF-1β activates STAT3 and NF-κB signaling, and leads to immune suppression via production of IL-6 and IL-8. Immune suppression may also be induced by the increased expression of PD-1, Tim-3 and LAG3. Mismatch repair deficient (microsatellite instable) tumors as found in Lynch syndrome also induce immune suppression in some OCCC. In a recent phase II clinical trial in heavily-treated platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, two out of twenty cases with a complete response to the anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab, were OCCC subtypes. Thus, the immune-suppressive state resulting from both genetic alterations and the unique tumor microenvironment may be associated with sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in OCCC. In this review, we highlight recent update and progress in OCCC from both the genomic and immunologic points of view, addressing the future candidate therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Chen Y, Wang G, Wang Y, Gao X, Wang K, Li J, Xue F. Capn4 regulates migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells via targeting osteopontin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:564-570. [PMID: 30655802 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that calpain small subunit 4 (Capn4) is able to regulate the viability and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the regulatory effects and underlying molecular mechanism of Capn4 in ovarian carcinoma cells are not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of Capn4 in ovarian carcinoma cells and analyze the possible mechanism mediated by Capn4. The expression levels of Capn4 and osteopontin (OPN) were determined and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway was analyzed in ovarian carcinoma cells. The results of the present study revealed that Capn4 and OPN were overexpressed in clinical ovarian carcinoma tissues and ovarian carcinoma cells. Capn4 silencing downregulated OPN expression, and suppressed ovarian carcinoma cell viability and migration. Capn4 silencing enhanced apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells by increasing activity of the capase-3 apoptosis signaling pathway. Capn4 promoted the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma cells by interacting with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via upregulation of OPN expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that Capn4 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Fengxia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Garziera M, Cecchin E, Canzonieri V, Sorio R, Giorda G, Scalone S, De Mattia E, Roncato R, Gagno S, Poletto E, Romanato L, Sartor F, Polesel J, Toffoli G. Identification of Novel Somatic TP53 Mutations in Patients with High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051510. [PMID: 29783665 PMCID: PMC5983728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in TP53 are a hallmark of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), although their prognostic and predictive value as markers is not well defined. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can identify novel mutations with high sensitivity, that may be repurposed as potential druggable anti-cancer targets and aid in therapeutic decisions. Here, a commercial NGS cancer panel comprising 26 genes, including TP53, was used to identify new genetic markers of platinum resistance and patient prognosis in a retrospective set of patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Six novel TP53 somatic mutations in untreated tumors from six distinct patients diagnosed with HGSOC were identified: TP53 c.728_739delTGGGCGGCATGA (p.Met243_Met247del, in-frame insertion or deletion (INDEL); TP53 c.795_809delGGGACGGAACAGCTT (p.Gly266_Phe270del, in-frame INDEL); TP53 c.826_827GC>AT (p.Ala276Ile, missense); TP53 c.1022insT (p.Arg342Profs*5, frameshift INDEL); TP53 c.1180delT (p.Ter394Aspfs*28, frameshift INDEL); and TP53 c.573insT (p.Gln192Serfs*17, frameshift INDEL). Novel TP53 variants were validated by classical sequencing methods and their impact on protein expression in tumors explored by immunohistochemistry. Further insights into the potential functional effect of the mutations were obtained by different in silico approaches, bioinformatics tools, and structural modeling. This discovery of previously unreported TP53 somatic mutations provides an opportunity to translate NGS technology into personalized medicine and identify new potential targets for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Garziera
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Roberto Sorio
- Medical Oncology Unit C, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Giorgio Giorda
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Simona Scalone
- Medical Oncology Unit C, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Rossana Roncato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Sara Gagno
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Elena Poletto
- Medical Oncology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, via Pozzuolo 330, 33100 Udine (UD), Italy.
| | - Loredana Romanato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Franca Sartor
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
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Abstract
Despite availability of sequence site-specific information resulting from years of sequencing and sequence feature curation, there have been few efforts to integrate and annotate this information. In this study, we update the number of human N-linked glycosylation sequons (NLGs), and we investigate cancer-relatedness of glycosylation-impacting somatic nonsynonymous single-nucleotide variation (nsSNV) by mapping human NLGs to cancer variation data and reporting the expected loss or gain of glycosylation sequon. We find 75.8% of all human proteins have at least one NLG for a total of 59,341 unique NLGs (includes predicted and experimentally validated). Only 27.4% of all NLGs are experimentally validated sites on 4,412 glycoproteins. With respect to cancer, 8,895 somatic-only nsSNVs abolish NLGs in 5,204 proteins and 12,939 somatic-only nsSNVs create NLGs in 7,356 proteins in cancer samples. nsSNVs causing loss of 24 NLGs on 23 glycoproteins and nsSNVs creating 41 NLGs on 40 glycoproteins are identified in three or more cancers. Of all identified cancer somatic variants causing potential loss or gain of glycosylation, only 36 have previously known disease associations. Although this work is computational, it builds on existing genomics and glycobiology research to promote identification and rank potential cancer nsSNV biomarkers for experimental validation.
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Genomic landscape of ovarian clear cell carcinoma via whole exome sequencing. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 148:375-382. [PMID: 29233531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze whole exome sequencing (WES) data on ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) in Korean patients via the technique of next generation sequencing (NGS). Genomic profiles were compared between endometriosis-associated OCCC (EMS-OCCC) and Non-EMS-OCCC. METHODS We used serum samples and cancer tissues, stored at the Seoul National University Hospital Human Biobank, that were initially collected from women diagnosed with OCCC between 2012 and 2016. In total, 15 patients were enrolled: 5 with pathologically confirmed EMS-OCCC and 10 with Non-EMS-OCCC. We performed NGS WES on 15 fresh frozen OCCC tissues and matched serum samples, enabling comprehensive genomic characterization of OCCC. RESULTS OCCC was characterized by complex genomic alterations, with a median of 178 exonic mutations (range, 111-25,798) and a median of 343 somatic copy number variations (range, 43-1,820) per tumor sample. In all, 54 somatic mutations were discovered across 14 genes, including PIK3CA (40%), ARID1A (40%), and KRAS (20%) in the 15 Korean OCCCs. Copy number gains in NTRK1 (33%), MYC (40%), and GNAS (47%) and copy number losses in TET2 (73%), TSC1 (67%), BRCA2 (60%), and SMAD4 (47%) were frequent. The significantly altered pathways were associated with proliferation and survival (including the PI3K/AKT, TP53, and ERBB2 pathways) in 87% of OCCCs and with chromatin remodeling in 47% of OCCCs. No significant differences in frequencies of genetic alterations were detected between EMS-OCCC and Non-EMS-OCCC groups. CONCLUSION We successfully characterized the genomic landscape of 15 Korean patients with OCCC. We identified potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this malignancy.
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Kawahara N, Ogawa K, Nagayasu M, Kimura M, Sasaki Y, Kobayashi H. Candidate synthetic lethality partners to PARP inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian clear cell cancer. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:391-399. [PMID: 29109859 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are new types of personalized treatment of relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer harboring BRCA1/2 mutations. Ovarian clear cell cancer (CCC), a subset of ovarian cancer, often appears as low-stage disease with a higher incidence among Japanese. Advanced CCC is highly aggressive with poor patient outcome. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential synthetic lethality gene pairs for PARP inhibitions in patients with CCC through virtual and biological screenings as well as clinical studies. We conducted a literature review for putative PARP sensitivity genes that are associated with the CCC pathophysiology. Previous studies identified a variety of putative target genes from several pathways associated with DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling complex, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, Notch signaling, cell cycle checkpoint signaling, BRCA-associated complex and Fanconi's anemia susceptibility genes that could be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PARP inhibition. BRCA1/2, ATM, ATR, BARD1, CCNE1, CHEK1, CKS1B, DNMT1, ERBB2, FGFR2, MRE11A, MYC, NOTCH1 and PTEN were considered as candidate genes for synthetic lethality gene partners for PARP interactions. When considering the biological background underlying PARP inhibition, we hypothesized that PARP inhibitors would be a novel synthetic lethal therapeutic approach for CCC tumors harboring homologous recombination deficiency and activating oncogene mutations. The results showed that the majority of CCC tumors appear to have indicators of DNA repair dysfunction similar to those in BRCA-mutation carriers, suggesting the possible utility of PARP inhibitors in a subset of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kawahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mika Nagayasu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Mai Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8522, Japan
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Wang Z, Sun P, Gao C, Chen J, Li J, Chen Z, Xu M, Shao J, Zhang Y, Xie J. Down-regulation of LRP1B in colon cancer promoted the growth and migration of cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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