1
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Zhang Y, Xie JZ, Jiang YL, Yang SJ, Wei H, Yang Y, Wang JZ. Homocysteine-potentiated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 promotes senescence of neuroblastoma 2a cells via inhibiting ubiquitination of β-catenin. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2732-2747. [PMID: 38501537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) level is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and accelerates cell aging. However, the mechanism by which Hcy induces neuronal senescence remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Hcy significantly promoted senescence in neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells with elevated β-catenin and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels. Intriguingly, Hcy promoted the interaction between KEAP1 and the Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (WTX) while hampering the β-catenin-WTX interaction. Mechanistically, Hcy attenuated the methylation level of the KEAP1 promoter CpG island and activated KEAP1 transcription. However, a slow degradation rate rather than transcriptional activation contributed to the high level of β-catenin. Hcy-upregulated KEAP1 competed with β-catenin to bind to WTX. Knockdown of both β-catenin and KEAP1 attenuated Hcy-induced senescence in N2a cells. Our data highlight a crucial role of the KEAP1-β-catenin pathway in Hcy-induced neuronal-like senescence and uncover a promising target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Zhao Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Precision Medical Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Li Jiang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Juan Yang
- Endocrine Department of Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of China/Hubei Province for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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2
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Koklesova L, Mazurakova A, Samec M, Biringer K, Samuel SM, Büsselberg D, Kubatka P, Golubnitschaja O. Homocysteine metabolism as the target for predictive medical approach, disease prevention, prognosis, and treatments tailored to the person. EPMA J 2021; 12:477-505. [PMID: 34786033 PMCID: PMC8581606 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is crucial for regulating methionine availability, protein homeostasis, and DNA-methylation presenting, therefore, key pathways in post-genomic and epigenetic regulation mechanisms. Consequently, impaired Hcy metabolism leading to elevated concentrations of Hcy in the blood plasma (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to the overproduction of free radicals, induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairments, systemic inflammation and increased risks of eye disorders, coronary artery diseases, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, thrombotic events, cancer development and progression, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders, pregnancy complications, delayed healing processes, and poor COVID-19 outcomes, among others. This review focuses on the homocysteine metabolism impairments relevant for various pathological conditions. Innovative strategies in the framework of 3P medicine consider Hcy metabolic pathways as the specific target for in vitro diagnostics, predictive medical approaches, cost-effective preventive measures, and optimized treatments tailored to the individualized patient profiles in primary, secondary, and tertiary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Biomedical Centre Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144 Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive, Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Tousian H, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. In search of elixir: Pharmacological agents against stem cell senescence. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:868-880. [PMID: 34712416 PMCID: PMC8528253 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.51917.11773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell senescence causes different complications. In addition to the aging phenomenon, stem cell senescence has been investigated in various concepts such as cancer, adverse drug effects, and as a limiting factor in cell therapy. This manuscript examines protective medicines and supplements which are capable of hindering stem cell senescence. We searched the databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science with the keywords “stem cell,” “progenitor cell,” “satellite,” “senescence” and excluded the keywords “cancer,” “tumor,” “malignancy” and “carcinoma” until June 2020. Among these results, we chose 47 relevant studies. Our investigation indicates that most of these studies examined endothelial progenitor cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and a few others were about less-discussed types of stem cells such as cardiac stem cells, myeloblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cells. From another aspect, 17β-Estradiol, melatonin, metformin, rapamycin, coenzyme Q10, N-acetyl cysteine, and vitamin C were the most studied agents, while the main protective mechanism was through telomerase activity enhancement or oxidative damage ablation. Although many of these studies are in vitro, they are still worthwhile. Stem cell senescence in the in vitro expansion stage is an essential concern in clinical procedures of cell therapy. Moreover, in vitro studies are the first step for further in vivo and clinical studies. It is noteworthy to mention the fact that these protective agents have been used in the clinical setting for various purposes for a long time. Given that, we only need to examine their systemic anti-senescence effects and effective dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hourieh Tousian
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug,Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Neovascularization and tissue regeneration by endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3585-3593. [PMID: 34216308 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells (ECs) capable of proliferating and differentiating into mature ECs. These progenitor cells migrate from bone marrow (BM) after vascular injury to ischemic areas, where they participate in the repair of injured endothelium and new blood vessel formation. EPCs also secrete a series of protective cytokines and growth factors that support cell survival and tissue regeneration. Thus, EPCs provide novel and promising potential therapies to treat vascular disease, including ischemic stroke. However, EPCs are tightly regulated during the process of vascular repair and regeneration by numerous endogenous cytokines that are associated closely with the therapeutic efficacy of the progenitor cells. The regenerative capacity of EPCs also is affected by a range of exogenous factors and drugs as well as vascular risk factors. Understanding the functional properties of EPCs and the factors related to their regenerative capacity will facilitate better use of these progenitor cells in treating vascular disease. Here, we review the current knowledge of EPCs in cerebral neovascularization and tissue regeneration after cerebral ischemia and the factors associated with their regenerative function to better understand the underlying mechanisms and provide more effective strategies for the use of EPCs in treating ischemic stroke.
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5
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Bjørklund G, Peana M, Dadar M, Lozynska I, Chirumbolo S, Lysiuk R, Lenchyk L, Upyr T, Severin B. The role of B vitamins in stroke prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5462-5475. [PMID: 33724098 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1885341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a recognized risk factor for stroke. This relationship represents one aspect of the debated `Hcy hypothesis'. Elevated Hcy may be an independent and treatable cause of atherosclerosis and thrombotic vascular diseases. Further observations indicate that proper dietary supplementation with B-vitamins decreases total plasma Hcy concentrations and may be an effective intervention for stroke prevention. Metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency is a nutritional determinant of total Hcy and stroke risk. Genetic factors may link B vitamins with stroke severity due to the impact on Hcy metabolism of polymorphism in the genes coding for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine-synthase, methionine synthase reductase, and cystathionine β-synthase. Several meta-analyses of large randomized controlled trials exist. However, they are not completely in agreement about B vitamins' role, particularly folic acid levels, vitamin B12, and B6, in lowering the homocysteine concentrations in people at high stroke risk. A very complex relationship exists between Hcy and B vitamins, and several factors appear to modify the preventive effects of B vitamins in stroke. This review highlights the regulating factors of the active role of B vitamins active in stroke prevention. Also, inputs for further large, well-designed studies, for specific, particularly sensitive subgroups are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Karaj, Iran
| | - Iryna Lozynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.,CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.,Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Quality, Standardization and Certification of Medicines of IATPS, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Upyr
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Beatrice Severin
- Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
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6
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Wu CM, Zheng L, Wang Q, Hu YW. The emerging role of cell senescence in atherosclerosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 59:27-38. [PMID: 32692694 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play vital roles in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, fibrotic pulmonary disease, liver disease and tumor. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence shows that cell senescence plays an indispensable role in the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Multiple senescent cell types are associated with atherosclerosis, senescent human vascular endothelial cells participated in atherosclerosis via regulating the level of endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), angiotensin II and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), senescent human vascular smooth muscle cells-mediated plaque instability and vascular calcification via regulating the expression level of BMP-2, OPN, Runx-2 and inflammatory molecules, and senescent macrophages impaired cholesterol efflux and promoted the development of senescent-related cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of cell senescence and updates the molecular mechanisms underlying cell senescence. Moreover, we also discuss the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that can potentially regulate the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Meng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Kang X, Li C, Xie X, Zhan KB, Yang SQ, Tang YY, Zou W, Zhang P, Tang XQ. Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Homocysteine-Induced Neuronal Senescence by Up-Regulation of SIRT1. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:310-319. [PMID: 32132865 PMCID: PMC7053352 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.38602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) accelerates neuronal senescence and induces age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Silence signal regulating factor 1 (SIRT1) prolongs lifespan and takes neuroprotective effects. We have previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) prevents Hcy-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells and has neuroprotective effect. In the present work, we aimed to investigate whether H2S protects HT22 cells against Hcy-induced neuronal senescence and whether SIRT1 mediates this role of H2S. We found that Hcy induced cellular senescence in HT22 cells, as determined by β-galactosidase staining, expressions of P16INK4a, P21CIPL, and trypan blue Staining, which are the markers of cellular senescence. However, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, the donor of H2S) significantly reversed Hcy-induced cellular senescence. Interestingly, NaHS not only up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 in HT22 cells but also reversed Hcy-downregulated the expression of SIRT1 in HT22 cells. Furthermore, we found that pretreatment with Sirtinol (an inhibitor of SIRT1) markedly reversed the protection of NaHS against Hcy-induced HT22 cells senescence and apoptosis. Our findings illustrated that H2S protects HT22 cells against Hcy-induced senescence by up-regulating SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Kang
- Institute of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xi Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Bin Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - San-Qiao Yang
- Institute of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Yun Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zou
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- Institute of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 42100, Hunan, P.R. China
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8
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Villanueva S, González F, Lorca E, Tapia A, López VG, Strodthoff R, Fajre F, Carreño JE, Valjalo R, Vergara C, Lecanda M, Bartolucci J, Figueroa FE, Khoury M. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for treating chronic kidney disease: A pilot study assessing safety and clinical feasibility. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:176-185. [PMID: 31189223 PMCID: PMC6577210 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern, and available treatments are insufficient in limiting disease progression. New strategies, including regenerative cell-based therapies, have emerged as therapeutic alternatives. Results from several groups, including our own, have reported evidence of a supportive role for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in functional recovery and prevention of tissue damage in murine models of CKD. Prompted by these data, an open pilot study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of a single injection of autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs) for treatment of CKD. Methods AT-MSCs were infused intravenously into six CKD patients at a dose of 1 million cells/kg. Patients were stabilized and followed for one year prior to MSC infusion and one year following infusion. Results No patients presented with adverse effects. Statistically significant improvement in urinary protein excretion was observed in AT-MSCs transplanted patients, from a median of 0.75 g/day (range, 0.15-9.57) at baseline to 0.54 g/day (range, 0.01-2.66) at month 12 (P = 0.046). The glomerular filtration rate was not significantly decreased post-infusion of AT-MSCs. Conclusion Findings from this pilot study demonstrate that intravenous infusion of autologous expanded AT-MSCs into CKD patients was not associated with adverse effects and could benefit patients already undergoing standard medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villanueva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Eduardo Lorca
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Tapia
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina G López
- Cells for Cells, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Strodthoff
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Fajre
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan E Carreño
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Valjalo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Salvador, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Vergara
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Lecanda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Bartolucci
- Cells for Cells, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando E Figueroa
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Program for Translational Research in Cell Therapy, the Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, the Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Program for Translational Research in Cell Therapy, the Chilean Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Behera J, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced endothelial progenitor cells dysfunction through hyper-methylation of CBS promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 510:135-141. [PMID: 30683311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are the key players in angiogenesis and vascular function. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), an H2S-generating enzyme in methionine metabolism, regulates the function of these EPCs. This study aims to examine whether CBS hyper-methylation contributes to the bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (BM-EPCs) function and subsequent bone blood flow in mice fed with a high methionine diet (HMD). Bone marrow (BM) cells were collected from HMD and control mice, differentiated into BM-EPCs, and were characterized by acLDL-DiI labeling. CBS mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, and the global methylation status and methylation of the CBS promoter were detected by nuclear 5-mC assay and methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) respectively. The result reveals that CBS promoter in BM-EPCs from HMD mice was hyper-methylated and the methylation level was, indeed, negatively correlated with CBS mRNA and angiogenic function of BM-EPCs. In addition, global methylation (5-mC) and DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) expression were increased in HMD condition. In vitro study also shows that HMD induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) impaired both adhesion and angiogenesis properties of BM-EPCs, accompanied by higher methylation level of CBS promoter that compared to control. Furthermore, bone blood flow was found to be decreased in HMD mice as compared to wild-type mice. To dissect the epigenetic mechanism, we also administrated DNMT inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) to HMD mice. The administration of 5-Aza in HMD mice restored the CBS expression, EPC mediated angiogenesis and blood flow by reducing abnormal DNA hyper-methylation. In conclusion, HHcy dismantles BM-EPCs function and bone blood flow through the hyper-methylation of the CBS promoter in HMD fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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10
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:144-164. [PMID: 30391754 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous theories of aging, a process which still seems inevitable. Aging leads to cancer and multi-systemic disorders as well as chronic diseases. Decline in age- associated cellular functions leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline that affect the quality of life. Accumulation of damage, mutations, metabolic changes, failure in cellular energy production and clearance of altered proteins over the lifetime, and hyperhomocysteinemia, ultimately result in tissue degeneration. The decline in renal functions, nutritional deficiencies, deregulation of methionine cycle and deficiencies of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration cofactors cause elevation of homocysteine with advancing age. Abnormal accumulation of homocysteine is a risk factor of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, approximately 50% of people, aged 65 years and older develop hypertension and are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular insufficiency and incurable neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests inverse relation between cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and renal function. Oxidative stress, inactivation of nitric oxide synthase pathway and mitochondria dysfunction associated with impaired homocysteine metabolism lead to aging tissue degeneration. In this review, we examine impact of high homocysteine levels on changes observed with aging that contribute to development and progression of age associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
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11
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Zhu J, Zhao Y, Yu L, Wang M, Li Q, Xu S. Pioglitazone restores the homocysteine‑impaired function of endothelial progenitor cells via the inhibition of the protein kinase C/NADPH oxidase pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1637-1643. [PMID: 29901193 PMCID: PMC6072150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) has been shown to impair the migratory and adhesive activity of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). As a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, pioglitazone (PIO) has been predicted to regulate angiogenesis, and cell adhesion, migration and survival. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PIO could inhibit Hcy-induced EPC dysfunctions such as impairments of cell migration and adhesion. EPC migration and adhesion were assayed using 8.0-µm pore size Transwell membranes and fibronectin-coated culture dishes, respectively. Hcy at a concentration of 200 µM was observed to markedly impair cell migration and adhesiveness, and PIO at a concentration of 10 µM attenuated the Hcy-mediated inhibition of EPC migration and adhesion. The mechanism of these effects may be through the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and reactive oxygen species production. The expression levels of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and p67phox, were upregulated by Hcy, with a peak in levels following treatment with a concentration of 200 µM. PIO downregulated the expression levels of Nox2 and p67phox via the PKC signaling pathway. Furthermore, the mechanism of PIO associated with downregulating the p67phox and Nox2 subunits of NADPH oxidase was verified. Thus, PKC and NADPH oxidase may serve a major role in the protective effects of PIO in EPCs under conditions of high Hcy concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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12
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Lan TH, Xu DP, Huang MT, Song JX, Wu HL, Li M. Ginsenoside Rb1 prevents homocysteine-induced EPC dysfunction via VEGF/p38MAPK and SDF-1/CXCR4 activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13061. [PMID: 29026158 PMCID: PMC5638839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocystinemia (HHcy) is known as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our previous study showed that ginsenoside Rb1, the major active constituent of ginseng, prevents homocysteine (Hcy)-induced endothelial damage. However, the role of ginsenoside Rb1 in Hcy-induced dysfunction in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) remains unknown. In the study, we found that ginsenoside Rb1 reversed the Hcy-induced impairment of adhesive and migratory ability in EPCs which were significantly abolished by CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and VEGFR2 inhibitor SU5416. Ginsenoside Rb1 significantly reversed Hcy-induced SDF-1 reduction in the supernatant and in the serum. Ginsenoside Rb1 reversed downregulation of SDF-1 and VEGFR2 protein expression, inhibition of p38MAPK phosphorylation induced by Hcy. Re-endothelialization in balloon-injured carotid arteries significantly increased with EPCs transplant, and was even better with Rb1 treatment. This effect was significantly abolished by AMD3100. AMD3100 also decreased the number of CM-DiI labeled EPCs in injured arteries. Here we show for the first time that Rb1 prevents Hcy-induced EPC dysfunction via VEGF/p38MAPK and SDF-1/CXCR4 activation. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism of the action of Rb1 that may have value in prevention of HHcy associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Hua Lan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dan-Ping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Man-Ting Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ju-Xian Song
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huan-Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Ambasta RK, Kohli H, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic effect of endothelial progenitor cell regulated by drugs in diabetes and diabetes related disorder. J Transl Med 2017; 15:185. [PMID: 28859673 PMCID: PMC5580204 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) counts have been reported in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients and other diabetes-related disorder. EPCs are a circulating, bone marrow-derived cell population that appears to participate in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and damage repair. These EPC may revert the damage caused in diabetic condition. We aim to identify several existing drugs and signaling molecule, which could alleviate or improve the diabetes condition via mobilizing and increasing EPC number as well as function. MAIN BODY Accumulated evidence suggests that dysregulation of EPC phenotype and function may be attributed to several signaling molecules and cytokines in DM patients. Hyperglycemia alone, through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via eNOS and NOX, can induce changes in gene expression and cellular behavior in diabetes. Furthermore, reports suggest that EPC telomere shortening via increased oxidative DNA damage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. In this review, different type of EPC derived from different sources has been discussed along with cell-surface marker. The reduced number and immobilized EPC in diabetic condition have been mobilized for the therapeutic purpose via use of existing, and novel drugs have been discussed. Hence, evidence list of all types of drugs that have been reported to target the same pathway which affect EPC number and function in diabetes has been reviewed. Additionally, we highlight that proteins are critical in diabetes via polymorphism and inhibitor studies. Ultimately, a lucid pictorial explanation of diabetic and normal patient signaling pathways of the collected data have been presented in order to understand the complex signaling mystery underlying in the diseased and normal condition. CONCLUSION Finally, we conclude on eNOS-metformin-HSp90 signaling and its remedial effect for controlling the EPC to improve the diabetic condition for delaying diabetes-related complication. Altogether, the review gives a holistic overview about the elaborate therapeutic effect of EPC regulated by novel and existing drugs in diabetes and diabetes-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi K. Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Harleen Kohli
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
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Malinovskaya NA, Komleva YK, Salmin VV, Morgun AV, Shuvaev AN, Panina YA, Boitsova EB, Salmina AB. Endothelial Progenitor Cells Physiology and Metabolic Plasticity in Brain Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Modeling. Front Physiol 2016; 7:599. [PMID: 27990124 PMCID: PMC5130982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a considerable interest to the assessment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) development as a part of cerebral angiogenesis developmental program. Embryonic and adult angiogenesis in the brain is governed by the coordinated activity of endothelial progenitor cells, brain microvascular endothelial cells, and non-endothelial cells contributing to the establishment of the BBB (pericytes, astrocytes, neurons). Metabolic and functional plasticity of endothelial progenitor cells controls their timely recruitment, precise homing to the brain microvessels, and efficient support of brain angiogenesis. Deciphering endothelial progenitor cells physiology would provide novel engineering approaches to establish adequate microfluidically-supported BBB models and brain microphysiological systems for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alla B. Salmina
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine & Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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De Falco E, Carnevale R, Pagano F, Chimenti I, Fianchini L, Bordin A, Siciliano C, Monticolo R, Equitani F, Carrizzo A, Peruzzi M, Vecchione C, Rubattu S, Sciarretta S, Frati G. Role of NOX2 in mediating doxorubicin-induced senescence in human endothelial progenitor cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:37-43. [PMID: 27181082 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Senescence exerts a great impact on both biological and functional properties of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), especially in cardiovascular diseases where the physiological process of aging is accelerated upon clinical administration of certain drugs such as doxorubicin. EPC impairment contributes to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicin accelerates EPC aging, although mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain to be fully clarified. Here we investigated if Nox2 activity is able to modulate the premature senescence induced in vitro by doxorubicin in human EPCs. Results showed that in conditioned media obtained from late EPC cultures, the levels of interleukin-6, isoprostanes and nitric oxide bioavailability were increased and reduced respectively after 3h of doxorubicin treatment. These derangements returned to physiological levels when cells were co-treated with apocynin or gp91ds-tat (antioxidant and specific Nox2 inhibitors, respectively). Accordingly, Nox2 activity resulted to be activated by doxorubicin. Importantly, we found that Nox2 inhibition reduced doxorubicin-induced EPC senescence, as indicated by a lower percentage of β-gal positive EPCs. In conclusion, Nox2 activity efficiently contributes to the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced increase in premature aging conferred by doxorubicin. The importance of modulation of Nox2 in human EPCs could reveal a useful tool to restore EPC physiological function and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Luca Fianchini
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Antonella Bordin
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Camilla Siciliano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Roberto Monticolo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Francesco Equitani
- Transfusion Medicine and Immuno-Hematology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy.
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome polo pontino, C.so della Repubblica 79, 04100 Latina, Italy; Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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16
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Effects of a 12-week alpine skiing intervention on endothelial progenitor cells, peripheral arterial tone and endothelial biomarkers in the elderly. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:343-7. [PMID: 27085126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction occurs early during atherogenesis and it can be normalized by exercise training. Unfortunately, patients' compliance with exercise prescription remains low, often because the given choices do not appeal to them. In Alpine regions, skiing is a popular mode of exercise, and therefore we set out to assess whether it can induce antiatherogenic effects. METHODS We randomized 42 subjects into a group of 12weeks of guided skiing (intervention group, IG, n=22; 12 males/10 females; age: 66.6±2.1years) or a control group (CG, n=20; 10 males/10 females; age: 67.3±4.4years). Early (CD3-CD34+CD45+) and late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs; CD45dimCD34+KDR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs), peripheral arterial tonometry and endothelial biomarkers were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. RESULTS In the IG, participants completed 28.5±2.6 skiing days at an average heart rate of 72.7±8.5% of their maximum heart rate. Changes in early (IG: +0.001±0.001% PBMC; CG: -0.001±0.001% PBMC; IG vs. CG: p<0.001) but not late EPCs differed significantly. Changes in peripheral arterial tone differed significantly between IG (Reactive Hyperemia Index: +0.18±0.76) and CG (-0.39±0.85; p=0.045), as did homocysteine (IG: -1.3±1.3μmol/l; CG: -0.4±1.4μmol/l; p=0.037) while other endothelial biomarkers remained essentially unchanged. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that skiing induces several beneficial effects on markers of atherogenesis including EPCs, peripheral arterial tone and homocysteine. Our findings suggest that recreational alpine skiing may serve as a further mode of preventive exercise training, which might result in improved compliance with current recommendations.
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Trusca VG, Mihai AD, Fuior EV, Fenyo IM, Gafencu AV. High levels of homocysteine downregulate apolipoprotein E expression via nuclear factor kappa B. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:178-187. [PMID: 26981206 PMCID: PMC4768122 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of high homocysteine (Hcy) levels on apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression and the signaling pathways involved in this gene regulation.
METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to assess apoE expression in cells treated with various concentrations (50-500 μmol/L) of Hcy. Calcium phosphate-transient transfections were performed in HEK-293 and RAW 264.7 cells to evaluate the effect of Hcy on apoE regulatory elements [promoter and distal multienhancer 2 (ME2)]. To this aim, plasmids containing the proximal apoE promoter [(-500/+73)apoE construct] alone or in the presence of ME2 [ME2/(-500/+73)apoE construct] to drive the expression of the reporter luciferase gene were used. Co-transfection experiments were carried out to investigate the downstream effectors of Hcy-mediated regulation of apoE promoter by using specific inhibitors or a dominant negative form of IKβ. In other co-transfections, the luciferase reporter was under the control of synthetic promoters containing multiple specific binding sites for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) or nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was accomplished to detect the binding of NF-κB p65 subunit to the apoE promoter in HEK-293 treated with 500 μmol/L Hcy. As control, cells were incubated with similar concentration of cysteine. NF-κB p65 proteins bound to DNA were immunoprecipitated with anti-p65 antibodies and DNA was identified by PCR using primers amplifying the region -100/+4 of the apoE gene.
RESULTS: RT-PCR revealed that high levels of Hcy (250-750 μmol/L) induced a 2-3 fold decrease in apoE mRNA levels in HEK-293 cells, while apoE gene expression was not significantly affected by treatment with lower concentrations of Hcy (100 μmol/L). Immunoblotting data provided additional evidence for the negative role of Hcy in apoE expression. Hcy decreased apoE promoter activity, in the presence or absence of ME2, in a dose dependent manner, in both RAW 264.7 and HEK-293 cells, as revealed by transient transfection experiments. The downstream effectors of the signaling pathways of Hcy were also investigated. The inhibitory effect of Hcy on the apoE promoter activity was counteracted by MAPK/ERK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) inhibitor U0126, suggesting that MEK1/2 is involved in the downregulation of apoE promoter activity by Hcy. Our data demonstrated that Hcy-induced inhibition of apoE took place through activation of NF-κB. Moreover, we demonstrated that Hcy activated a synthetic promoter containing three NF-κB binding sites, but did not affect promoters containing AP-1 or NFAT binding sites. ChIP experiments revealed that NF-κB p65 subunit is recruited to the apoE promoter following Hcy treatment of cells.
CONCLUSION: Hcy-induced stress negatively modulates apoE expression via MEK1/2 and NF-κB activation. The decreased apoE expression in peripheral tissues may aggravate atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and renal dysfunctions.
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Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintenance of the endothelial integrity and vascular homeostasis, as well as in neovascularization. Dysfunctional EPCs are believed to contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and are closely related to the development of various cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of EPC dysfunction are complicated and remain largely elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key factors that involve in modulation of stem and progenitor cell function under various physiologic and pathologic conditions. It has been shown that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS are the major sources of ROS in cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence suggests that NOX-mediated oxidative stress can modulate EPC bioactivities, such as mobilization, migration, and neovascularization, and that inhibition of NOX has been shown to improve EPC functions. This review summarized recent progress in the studies on the correlation between NOX-mediated EPC dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases.
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19
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Zhang D, Sun X, Liu J, Xie X, Cui W, Zhu Y. Homocysteine accelerates senescence of endothelial cells via DNA hypomethylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:71-8. [PMID: 25359865 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homocysteine can accelerate the senescence of endothelial progenitor cells or endothelial cells (ECs) via telomerase inactivation and length shortening. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated whether homocysteine promotes endothelial senescence by reducing the expression and activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) by DNA methylation to reduce ECs telomerase activity. APPROACH AND RESULTS When compared with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells grown under standard conditions, ECs with chronic homocysteine treatment showed accelerated upregulation of p16, p21, and p53, markers of cellular senescence, during 6 to 10 passages. Interestingly, homocysteine-stimulated but not angiotensin II-stimulated ECs senescence could be reversed by hypermethylation induced by folic acid or s-adenosylmethionine supplementation. Meanwhile, homocysteine promoted the shortening of telomere length specifically related to restoration of hTERT transcriptional expression and CCCTC-binding factor binding sites with hTERT promoter hypomethylation, as detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, and bisulfite sequencing assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that homocysteine-reduced telomere activity and homocysteine-induced EC senescence might contribute to hTERT promoter demethylation by increasing CCCTC-binding factor repression and interfering in the SP1 binding to the demethylated hTERT promoter, which might relate with reduced of DNA methyltransferase 1. Furthermore, the CCCTC-binding factor-dependent mechanism of homocysteine-reduced hTERT expression via DNA demethylation was confirmed in aortic endothelia of mice with hyperhomocysteine levels. CONCLUSIONS CCCTC-binding factor and SP1 cross talk may contribute to homocysteine-reduced hTERT DNA methylation and expression in endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianlan Liu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Xina Xie
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Wei Cui
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.).
| | - Yi Zhu
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (D.Z., W.C.); Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (W.C.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (D.Z., J.L., X.X.); and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Y.Z.).
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Grimaldi V, Vietri MT, Schiano C, Picascia A, De Pascale MR, Fiorito C, Casamassimi A, Napoli C. Epigenetic reprogramming in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:476. [PMID: 25433555 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent data support the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation although also histone code changes occur during the diverse steps of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial cell proliferation, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation, and inflammatory pathway activation. In this review, we focus on the main genes that are epigenetically modified during the atherogenic process, particularly nitric oxide synthase (NOS), estrogen receptors (ERs), collagen type XV alpha 1 (COL15A1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and ten-eleven translocation (TET), which are involved in endothelial dysfunction; gamma interferon (IFN-γ), forkhead box p3 (FOXP3), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), associated with atherosclerotic inflammatory process; and p66shc, lectin-like oxLDL receptor (LOX1), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, which are regulated by high cholesterol and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Furthermore, we also discuss the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) in atherosclerosis. NcRNAs are involved in epigenetic regulation of endothelial function, SMC proliferation, cholesterol synthesis, lipid metabolism, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Piazza L. Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy,
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Hwang ES. Senescence suppressors: their practical importance in replicative lifespan extension in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4207-19. [PMID: 25052377 PMCID: PMC11113678 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal and clinical studies report promising results for the therapeutic utilization of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their pluripotent nature, have advantages over embryonic stem cells in terms of their availability and feasibility. However, their proliferative activity is destined to slow by replicative senescence, and the limited proliferative potential of MSCs not only hinders the preparation of sufficient cells for in vivo application, but also draws a limitation on their potential for differentiation. This calls for the development of safe and efficient means to increase the proliferative as well as differentiation potential of MSCs. Recent advances have led to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and significance of cellular senescence, facilitating ways to manipulate the replicative lifespan of a variety of primary cells, including MSCs. This paper introduces a class of proteins that function as senescence suppressors. Like tumor suppressors, these proteins are lost in senescence, while their forced expression delays the onset of senescence. Moreover, treatments that increase the expression or the activity of senescence suppressors, therefore, cause expansion of the replicative and differentiation potential of MSCs. The nature of the activities and putative underlying mechanisms of the senescence suppressors will be discussed to facilitate their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemungu, Jeonnongdong 90, Seoul, 130-743, Republic of Korea,
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22
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Sang T, Cao Q, Wang Y, Liu F, Chen S. Overexpression or silencing of FOXO3a affects proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101703. [PMID: 25093499 PMCID: PMC4122338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been considered to be of great significance in therapeutic angiogenesis. Furthermore, the Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are known to be important regulators of cell cycle. Therefore, we investigated the effects of changes in FOXO3a activity on cell proliferation and cell cycle regulatory proteins in EPCs. The constructed recombinant adenovirus vectors Ad-TM (triple mutant)-FOXO3a, Ad-shRNA-FOXO3a and the control Ad-GFP were transfected into EPCs derived from human umbilical cord blood. Assessment of transfection efficiency using an inverted fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry indicated a successful transfection. Additionally, the expression of FOXO3a was markedly increased in the Ad-TM-FOXO3a group but was inhibited in the Ad-shRNA-FOXO3a group as seen by western blotting. Overexpression of FOXO3a suppressed EPC proliferation and modulated expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins including upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 and downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In the Ad-shRNA-FOXO3a group, the results were counter-productive. Furthermore, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis suggested that the active mutant of FOXO3a caused a noticeable increase in G1- and S-phase frequencies, while a decrease was observed after FOXO3a silencing. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that FOXO3a could possibly inhibit EPC proliferation via cell cycle arrest involving upregulation of p27kip1 and downregulation of CDK2, cyclin D1 and PCNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Sang
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (SC)
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (SC)
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23
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Niu PP, Cao Y, Gong T, Guo JH, Zhang BK, Jia SJ. Hypermethylation of DDAH2 promoter contributes to the dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells in coronary artery disease patients. J Transl Med 2014; 12:170. [PMID: 24934151 PMCID: PMC4069084 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be a biomarker for vascular function and cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) regulates the function of EPCs. This study aimed to examine whether hypermethylation of DDAH2 promoter contributes to impaired function of EPCs in CAD patients. Methods Peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells from 25 CAD patients and 15 healthy volunteers were collected and differentiated into EPCs. EPCs were tested for their adhesive capability. DDAH2 mRNA expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, and the methylation of DDAH2 promoter was detected by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Results DDAH2 promoter in EPCs from CAD patients was hypermethylated and the methylation level was negatively correlated to DDAH2 mRNA level and adhesion function of EPCs. Homocysteine impaired the adhesion function of EPCs, accompanied by lower DDAH2 expression and higher methylation level of DDAH2 promoter, compared to controls. These effects of homocysteine were reversed by pretreatment with Aza, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase. Conclusion Hypermethylation in DDAH2 promoter is positively correlated to the dysfunction of EPCs in CAD patients. Homocysteine disrupts EPCs function via inducing the hypermethylation of DDAH2 promoter, suggesting a key role of epigenetic mechanism in the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Tongzipo Road #138, Changsha 410013, China.
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24
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Bhatia P, Gupta S, Sharma S. Homocysteine Excess and Vascular Endothelium Dysfunction: Delineating the Pathobiological Mechanisms. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.200.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Choi JK, Moon KM, Jung SY, Kim JY, Choi SH, Kim DY, Kang S, Chu CW, Kwon SM. Regular exercise training increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells and decreases homocysteine levels in healthy peripheral blood. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:163-8. [PMID: 24757379 PMCID: PMC3994304 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known to play an important role in the repair of damaged blood vessels. We used an endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming assay (EPC-CFA) to determine whether EPC numbers could be increased in healthy individuals through regular exercise training. The number of functional EPCs obtained from human peripheral blood-derived AC133 stem cells was measured after a 28-day regular exercise training program. The number of total endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units (EPC-CFU) was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (p=0.02, n=5). In addition, we observed a significant decrease in homocysteine levels followed by an increase in the number of EPC-CFUs (p=0.04, n=5), indicating that the 28-day regular exercise training could increase the number of EPC colonies and decrease homocysteine levels. Moreover, an inverse correlation was observed between small-endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units (small-EPC-CFUs) and plasma homocysteine levels in healthy men (r=-0.8125, p=0.047). We found that regular exercise training could increase the number of EPC-CFUs and decrease homocysteine levels, thus decreasing the cardiovascular disease risk in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Kyu Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Ki Myung Moon
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Seok Yun Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Ji Yong Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Choi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Chong Woo Chu
- Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea. ; Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea. ; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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26
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Sun YY, Bai WW, Wang B, Lu XT, Xing YF, Cheng W, Liu XQ, Zhao YX. Period 2 is essential to maintain early endothelial progenitor cell function in vitro and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:907-18. [PMID: 24621388 PMCID: PMC4119396 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapeutic neovascularization has been successfully performed in clinical trials for patients with ischaemia diseases. Despite the vast knowledge of cardiovascular disease and circadian biology, the role of the circadian clock in regulating angiogenesis in myocardial infarction (MI) remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of Period 2 (Per2) in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. Flow cytometry revealed lower circulating EPC proportion in per2−/− than in wild-type (WT) mice. PER2 was abundantly expressed in early EPCs in mice. In vitro, EPCs from per2−/− mice showed impaired proliferation, migration, tube formation and adhesion. Western blot analysis demonstrated inhibited PI3k/Akt/FoxO signalling and reduced C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) protein level in EPCs of per2−/− mice. The impaired proliferation was blocked by activated PI3K/Akt/FoxO signalling. Direct interaction of CXCR4 and PER2 was detected in WT EPCs. To further study the effect of per2 on in vivo EPC survival and angiogenesis, we injected saline or DiI-labelled WT or per2−/− EPC intramyocardially into mice with induced MI. Per2−/− reduced the retention of transplanted EPCs in the myocardium, which was associated with significantly reduced DiI expression in the myocardium of MI mice. Decreased angiogenesis in the myocardium of per2−/− EPC-treated mice coincided with decreased LV function and increased infarct size in the myocardium. Per2 may be a key factor in maintaining EPC function in vitro and in therapeutic angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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27
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Parzonko A, Czerwińska ME, Kiss AK, Naruszewicz M. Oleuropein and oleacein may restore biological functions of endothelial progenitor cells impaired by angiotensin II via activation of Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1088-1094. [PMID: 23809250 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are responsible for neovascularization of ischaemic tissue and may participate in re-endothelization of an injured arterial wall. There is evidence that angiotensin II, by an increase of gp91phox expression and induction of ROS generation, accelerates cell senescence and impairs functions of EPCs. Oleacein is a main phenolic compound from olive oil, whereas oleuropein is present in olive leaves. Both compounds possess antioxidative, hypotensive and anti-inflammatory properties and show beneficial activity on the cardiovascular system. In this study, we examined whether oleoeuropein and oleacein could protect EPCs against impairment of their functions due to angiotensin-induced cell senescence. CD31(+)/VEGFR-2(+) cells were isolated from young healthy volunteers blood samples and cultured on fibronectin-coated plates with angiotensin (1.0μM) in presence or absence of increasing concentrations (from 1.0 to 10.0 μM) of oleoeuropein or oleacein. As compared to angiotensin II-treated cells, EPCs exposed to oleacein or oleuropein prior to angiotensin II showed a significant increase of proliferation and telomerase activity, and a decrease in the percentage of senescent cells and intracellular ROS formation. Oleacein and oleuropein restored migration, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs diminished by angiotensin II in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was related to NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor activation and the increase of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Parzonko
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Zhang D, Wen X, Wu W, Xu E, Zhang Y, Cui W. Homocysteine-related hTERT DNA demethylation contributes to shortened leukocyte telomere length in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:173-9. [PMID: 24125430 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is shortened in patients with clinical atherosclerosis (AS). Here we aimed to explore the contribution of elevated homocysteine (Hcy) level to LTL shortening in AS patients and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Circulating leukocytes were collected from 197 patients with AS and 165 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects for LTL determination. mRNA expression or DNA methylation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was determined by real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR assay, respectively. We established a hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) mice model to confirm human results. RESULTS Hcy was negatively correlated with LTL shortening in AS patients (r = -0.179, p = 0.015) and controls (r = -0.146, p = 0.031). Serum folate and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels significantly interacted with Hcy in LTL shortening. Hcy was related to hTERT mRNA downregulation and promoter demethylation, which combined was associated with LTL shortening in AS patients. Hcy-induced LTL shortening did not differ by sites of AS lesions or infarction. Similar to clinical observations, our HHcy mice model suggested that Hcy induced DNA demethylation and downregulation of mouse TERT and further contributed to LTL shortening. CONCLUSIONS Elevated Hcy level induced DNA demethylation of hTERT and was closely related with hTERT downregulation, which led to LTL shortening in AS. These findings provide novel insights into an epigenetic mechanism for Hcy-related AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China
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29
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Yentrapalli R, Azimzadeh O, Sriharshan A, Malinowsky K, Merl J, Wojcik A, Harms-Ringdahl M, Atkinson MJ, Becker KF, Haghdoost S, Tapio S. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is implicated in the premature senescence of primary human endothelial cells exposed to chronic radiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70024. [PMID: 23936371 PMCID: PMC3731291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) after chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation is only marginally understood. We have previously shown that a chronic low-dose rate exposure (4.1 mGy/h) causes human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to prematurely senesce. We now show that a dose rate of 2.4 mGy/h is also able to trigger premature senescence in HUVECs, primarily indicated by a loss of growth potential and the appearance of the senescence-associated markers ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) and p21. In contrast, a lower dose rate of 1.4 mGy/h was not sufficient to inhibit cellular growth or increase SA-ß-gal-staining despite an increased expression of p21. We used reverse phase protein arrays and triplex Isotope Coded Protein Labeling with LC-ESI-MS/MS to study the proteomic changes associated with chronic radiation-induced senescence. Both technologies identified inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway accompanying premature senescence. In addition, expression of proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure and EIF2 signaling was reduced. Age-related diseases such as CVD have been previously associated with increased endothelial cell senescence. We postulate that a similar endothelial aging may contribute to the increased rate of CVD seen in populations chronically exposed to low-dose-rate radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Yentrapalli
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arundhathi Sriharshan
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Merl
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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30
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Xiao-Hong D, Chang-Qin X, Jian-Hua H, Wen-Jiang Z, Bing S. Icariin delays homocysteine-induced endothelial cellular senescence involving activation of the PI3K/AKT-eNOS signaling pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:433-440. [PMID: 23336586 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.738332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Homocysteine-induced endothelial cellular senescence may contribute to some cardiovascular disorders. Icariin (ICA), a flavonoid derived from Epimedium sagittatum Maxim. (Berberidaceae), has been reported to increase production of nitric oxide (NO) and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of ICA on homocysteine-induced senescence and the underlying mechanisms in HUVECs. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICA at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 μM was added into homocysteine pretreated HUVECs. Cellular senescence was assayed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and cumulative population doublings (CPDs). ICA (5 μM) was given orally to homocysteine-treated rats, luminal surface of aortic artery of rats was subjected to SA-β-gal staining. Protein expression was measured by western blot. RESULTS Homocysteine significantly increased cellular senescence both in vitro and in vivo. After treatment by ICA, the percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells, and the ROS level significantly decreased. The CPDs were partially restored. ICA also significantly reduced the mean density of SA-β-gal staining in vivo. We found that NO production and phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were elevated by ICA in HUVECs. Furthermore, the increased level of NO production was fully abolished by the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059, which can inhibit phosphorylation of ERK, did not show this ability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ICA delays homocyteine-induced endothelial senescence in vitro and in vivo. Activation of PI3K/Akt-eNOS-dependent signaling pathway may be responsible for this efficacy of ICA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Xiao-Hong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Lin CP, Lin FY, Huang PH, Chen YL, Chen WC, Chen HY, Huang YC, Liao WL, Huang HC, Liu PL, Chen YH. Endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: role of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:845037. [PMID: 23484163 PMCID: PMC3591199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/845037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) move towards injured endothelium or inflamed tissues and incorporate into foci of neovascularisation, thereby improving blood flow and tissue repair. Patients with cardiovascular diseases have been shown to exhibit reduced EPC number and function. It has become increasingly apparent that these changes may be effected in response to enhanced oxidative stress, possibly as a result of systemic and localised inflammatory responses. The interplay between inflammation and oxidative stress affects the initiation, progression, and complications of cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress modulate EPC bioactivity. Clinical medications with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, such as statins, thiazolidinediones, angiotensin II receptor 1 blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, are currently administered to patients with cardiovascular diseases. These medications appear to exert beneficial effects on EPC biology. This review focuses on EPC biology and explores the links between oxidative stress, inflammation, and development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Divisions of Biochemistry and Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Divisions of Biochemistry and Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Departments of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research, Genetics Centre and Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Departments of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research, Genetics Centre and Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Departments of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research, Genetics Centre and Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Departments of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research, Genetics Centre and Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Chun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine and Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Departments of Urology, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Research, Genetics Centre and Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Huang CY, Lin FY, Shih CM, Au HK, Chang YJ, Nakagami H, Morishita R, Chang NC, Shyu KG, Chen JW. Moderate to High Concentrations of High-Density Lipoprotein From Healthy Subjects Paradoxically Impair Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Related Angiogenesis by Activating Rho-Associated Kinase Pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2405-17. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.248617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Recent clinical evidence has failed to demonstrate the benefits of elevation of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), suggesting potential loss of protective effects of HDL at high concentrations. This study aimed to investigate the concentration-related effects of HDL on in vitro and in vivo functions of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and related angiogenesis.
Methods and Results—
Early and late outgrowth EPCs were generated from human circulating mononuclear cells. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein reduced viability of late outgrowth EPCs, which was reversed dose dependently by HDL. In the absence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, HDL at low concentrations (5–50 μg/mL, equal to 0.5–5 mg/dL in human) enhanced EPC tube formation by activating phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/endothelial NO synthase pathways. Moderate to high concentrations (400–800 μg/mL) of HDL paradoxically enhanced EPC senescence and impaired tube formation by activating Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and inhibiting phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, either Y27632 or statins, prevented high HDL–induced EPC senescence and improved in vitro tube formation, as well as in vivo capacity of angiogenesis of EPCs.
Conclusion—
While protecting EPCs from the injury of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, moderate to high concentrations of HDL paradoxically impaired EPCs and related angiogenesis in the absence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein by activating Rho-associated kinase pathways, providing mechanistic evidence of potential hazard effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yao Huang
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Chun-Ming Shih
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Heng-Kien Au
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Nen-Chung Chang
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Kou-Gi Shyu
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- From the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C.-Y.H., Y.-J.C., K.-G.S), Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.), and School of Medicine, Biomedical Apparatus Research Center (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology (C.-Y.H., F.-Y.L., C.-M.S., N.-C.C.) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (H.-K.A.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics
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Zhang D, Xie X, Chen Y, Hammock BD, Kong W, Zhu Y. Homocysteine upregulates soluble epoxide hydrolase in vascular endothelium in vitro and in vivo. Circ Res 2012; 110:808-17. [PMID: 22354938 PMCID: PMC3514454 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.259325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor of atherogenesis. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a major enzyme that hydrolyzes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and attenuates their cardiovascular protective effects. Whether homocysteine (Hcy) regulates sEH and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanism by which Hcy regulates sEH expression and endothelial activation in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Hcy treatment in cultured human endothelial cells dose-dependently and time-dependently upregulated sEH mRNA and protein. Hcy increased the expression of adhesion molecules, which was markedly reversed by inhibiting sEH activity. Hcy-induced sEH upregulation is associated with activation of activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6). Bioinformatics analysis revealed a putative ATF6-binding motif in the promoter region of the sEH gene, which was found at a methylation site. Site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Hcy treatment or ATF6 overexpression promoted ATF6 binding to the promoter of sEH and increased its activity. Results of methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction revealed that the ATF6 binding site on the sEH promoter was partially methylated and was demethylated with Hcy. SiRNA knockdown of ATF6α or SP1 blocked and ATF6 overexpression and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor mimicked the effect of homocysteine on sEH upregulation. In vivo, immunofluorescence assay revealed elevated expression of sEH and adhesion molecules in the aortic intima of mice with mild hyperhomocysteinemia, which was attenuated by sEH deletion or inhibition. CONCLUSION ATF6 activation and DNA demethylation may coordinately contribute to Hcy-induced sEH expression and endothelial activation. Inhibition of sEH may be a therapeutic approach for treating Hcy-induced cardiovascular diseases.
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MESH Headings
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/metabolism
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/genetics
- Activating Transcription Factor 6/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Base Sequence
- DNA Methylation/physiology
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Epoxide Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Epoxide Hydrolases/genetics
- Epoxide Hydrolases/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Homocysteine/metabolism
- Homocysteine/pharmacology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/metabolism
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
- Pyrenes/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Solubility
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Xina Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yequn Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Education Ministry, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Education Ministry, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- Corresponding author: Yi Zhu, MD, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Sciences Center, 38 Xue Yuan, Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 100191, China, Tel.: (8610) 8280-1440, Fax: (8610) 8282-1440,
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Zou T, Liu WJ, Li SD, Zhou W, Yang JF, Zou CG. TRB3 mediates homocysteine-induced inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:2782-9. [PMID: 21935927 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction, an early event in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism of endothelial cell injury in HHcy has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of homocysteine on tribbles-related protein 3 (TRB3)-mediated cell-cycle arrest in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment of HUVECs with homocysteine (0-250 µmol/L) resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation assessed by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Homocysteine induced cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase by up-regulating the protein levels of p27(kip1). Under these conditions, homocysteine did not induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, homocysteine up-regulated the expression of TRB3, thus leading to the dephosphorylation of Akt (Thr308). Knock-down of endogenous TRB3 using siRNA significantly suppressed the inhibitory effect of homocysteine on the proliferation of HUVECs. Homocysteine-induced TRB3 expression was mediated by the cAMP/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) pathway. These results demonstrate that TRB3 is a critical molecule in the homocysteine-mediated cell-cycle arrest in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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35
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Jia F, Wu C, Chen Z, Lu G. AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2011; 25:21-9. [PMID: 21258964 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-010-6277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Homocysteine (Hcy) has been shown to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to have protective effects on endothelial function. However, effects of AMPK activation on Hcy-induced EPCs injury remain to be determined. In this study, we examined the effect of AMPK phosphorylation on Hcy-induced NO bioavailability impairment and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in EPCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were pre-treated with various concentrations of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside-l-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a pharmacological agonist of AMPK, and then incubated with Hcy for 24 h. Furthermore, we challenged EPCs with Hcy in the presence or absence of atorvastatin and AMPK-DN which expressed a dominant-negative mutant of AMPK. Migration, proliferation and apoptosis were assayed to evaluate EPCs function. NO production, expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), intracellular ROS levels and Nox4 activation were determined to explore the potential mechanisms of Hcy-induced EPCs dysfunction. RESULTS We observed that AICAR attenuated the inhibition effects of Hcy on EPCs migration and proliferation. The apoptosis rates of EPCs were down-regulated by AICAR compared with the group treated with Hcy only [(0.25 mmol/L AICAR: 10.48 ± 1.6%; 0.5 mmol/L AICAR: 8.70 ± 1.0%; 1 mmol/L AICAR: 5.83 ± 1.3%) vs. (500 μmol/L Hcy only: 12.60 ± 1.9%)]. We also found that NO production and eNOS expression were up-regulated by AICAR compared with the group treated with Hcy only, while ROS accumulation and Nox4 activation were inhibited. Furthermore, atorvastatin suppressed Hcy-induced dysfunction of EPCs, increased NO production and eNOS expression, and down-regulated ROS accumulation and Nox4 activation. And these effects of atorvastatin could be blunted by AMPK-DN. CONCLUSION AMPK activation inhibits eNOS down-regulation and Nox4-derived ROS accumulation induced by Hcy in EPCs, and may contribute to the protective effects of atorvastatin on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
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Guo X, Yu M, Kang X, Yin H. mTOR Complex 2 Activation by Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Prevents Senescence in Circulating Angiogenic Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1421-9. [PMID: 21415389 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) participate in neovascularization and arterial repair. Although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known to enhance the functional activity of CACs, the mechanisms underlying this regulation are poorly understood. Here, we examined the mechanism(s) by which reconstituted HDL (rHDL) affects CAC senescence.
Methods and Results—
CACs isolated from human peripheral blood and treated with rHDL displayed reduced senescence, as measured by acidic β-galactosidase staining. This protective effect was blocked by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor (rapamycin). According to Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation results, rHDL promoted mTOR phosphorylation, mTOR-rictor complex formation, and mTOR-rictor–dependent Akt activation, which were accompanied by increased nuclear translocation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and enhanced nuclear telomerase activity. Suppression of rictor gene expression with a small interfering RNA blocked mTOR-rictor complex formation and Akt activation. The suppression also abolished the rHDL-induced inhibition of CAC senescence and promotion of nuclear telomerase activity. Treatment of aged mice with rHDL attenuated spleen-derived CAC senescence. In CACs isolated from rHDL-treated aged mice, the phosphorylated mTOR and Akt levels were significantly enhanced.
Conclusion—
rHDL stimulates sustained mTOR phosphorylation and mTOR-rictor complex formation and inhibits senescence onset in CACs through mTOR complex 2 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Guo
- From the Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.G., X.K., H.Y.); Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (M.Y.)
| | - Miao Yu
- From the Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.G., X.K., H.Y.); Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (M.Y.)
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- From the Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.G., X.K., H.Y.); Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (M.Y.)
| | - Hongchao Yin
- From the Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (X.G., X.K., H.Y.); Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China (M.Y.)
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Ying Y, Yang K, Liu Y, Chen QJ, Shen WF, Lu L, Zhang RY. A Uremic Solute, P-Cresol, Inhibits the Proliferation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells via the p38 Pathway. Circ J 2011; 75:2252-9. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-11-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Qiu J Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Wei F Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Rui Y Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
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Xu S, Zhao Y, Yu L, Shen X, Ding F, Fu G. Rosiglitazone Attenuates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Apoptosis Induced by TNF-α via ERK/MAPK and NF-κB Signal Pathways. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 117:265-74. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11149fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Lemarié CA, Shbat L, Marchesi C, Angulo OJ, Deschênes ME, Blostein MD, Paradis P, Schiffrin EL. Mthfr deficiency induces endothelial progenitor cell senescence via uncoupling of eNOS and downregulation of SIRT1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 300:H745-53. [PMID: 21169404 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction in part as a result of enhanced oxidative stress. Function and survival of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs, defined as sca1(+) c-kit(+) flk-1(+) bone marrow-derived cells), which significantly contribute to neovascularization and endothelial regeneration, depend on controlled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mice heterozygous for the gene deletion of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Mthfr(+/-)) have a 1.5- to 2-fold elevation in plasma homocysteine. This mild HHcy significantly reduced the number of circulating EPCs as well as their differentiation. Mthfr deficiency was also associated with increased ROS production and reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation in Mthfr(+/-) EPCs. Treatment of EPCs with sepiapterin, a precursor of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), a cofactor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), significantly reduced ROS and improved NO production. mRNA and protein expression of eNOS and the relative amount of eNOS dimer compared with monomer were decreased by Mthfr deficiency. Impaired differentiation of EPCs induced by Mthfr deficiency correlated with increased senescence, decreased telomere length, and reduced expression of SIRT1. Addition of sepiapterin maintained cell senescence and SIRT1 expression at levels comparable to the wild type. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Mthfr deficiency impairs EPC formation and increases EPC senescence by eNOS uncoupling and downregulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Lemarié
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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40
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Silymarin Inhibits Endothelial Progenitor Cellsʼ Senescence and Protects Against the Antiproliferative Activity of Rapamycin: Preliminary Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 56:610-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181f78dc3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Everaert BR, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Hoymans VY, Haine SE, Van Nassauw L, Conraads VM, Timmermans JP, Vrints CJ. Current perspective of pathophysiological and interventional effects on endothelial progenitor cell biology: focus on PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway. Int J Cardiol 2010; 144:350-66. [PMID: 20444511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For more than a decade, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in cardiovascular homeostasis. EPCs are believed to reside within the bone marrow in close contact with surrounding stromal cells, and, under stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, EPCs are mobilized out of the bone marrow. Hereafter circulating EPCs home to peripheral tissues, undergoing further proliferation and differentiation. Under certain pathophysiologic conditions this process seems to be blunted, resulting in a reduced capacity of EPCs to engage in vasculogenesis at sites of endothelial injury or tissue ischemia. In this review, we focus on the effects of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on EPC biology and we explore whether pharmacological, dietary and lifestyle interventions can favorably restore EPC mobilization, differentiation, homing and angiogenic properties. Because the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway plays a pivotal role in the process of EPC mobilization, migration and homing, we specifically emphasize the involvement of PI3K, Akt and eNOS in EPC biology under these different (patho)physiologic conditions. (Pre)clinically used drugs or lifestyle interventions that have been shown to ameliorate EPC biology are reviewed. These treatment strategies remain attractive targets to restore the regenerative capacity of EPCs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert R Everaert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Bao XM, Wu CF, Lu GP. Atorvastatin inhibits homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:476-84. [PMID: 20305681 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the protective effects of atorvastatin on homocysteine (Hcy)-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and the possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS EPCs were divided into six groups: Hcy treatment groups (0, 50, and 500 micromol/L) and atorvastatin pretreatment groups (0.1, 1, and 10 micromol/L). EPC proliferation, migration, in vitro vasculogenesis activity, and apoptosis rate were assayed by the MTT assay, modified Boyden chamber assay, in vitro vasculogenesis kit, and AnnexinV-FITC apoptosis detection kit, respectively. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was measured using H(2)DCF-DA as a fluorescence probe. The activity of NADPH oxidase was evaluated with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. NO in the supernatant was detected by the nitrate reductase assay. The eNOS mRNA expression and p-eNOS, p-Akt, p-p38MAPK protein expression were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis, respectively. Caspase-3 activity was determined by colorimetric assay. RESULTS Hcy does-dependently impaired the proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of EPCs, induced cell apoptosis, increased ROS accumulation and NADPH oxidase activation, and decreased the secretion of NO compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The detrimental effects of Hcy were attenuated by atorvastatin pretreatment. Furthermore, Hcy caused a significant downregulation of eNOS mRNA, p-eNOS, and p-Akt protein expression as well as an upregulation of p-p38MAPK protein expression and caspase-3 activity. These effects of Hcy on EPCs were reversed by atorvastatin in a does-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin inhibited homocysteine-induced dysfunction and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells, which may be related to its effects on suppressing oxidative stress, up-regulating Akt/eNOS and down-regulating the p38MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathway.
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Van Craenenbroeck EM, Conraads VM. Endothelial progenitor cells in vascular health: focus on lifestyle. Microvasc Res 2010; 79:184-92. [PMID: 20053364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, which is considered the functional equivalent of a disrupted balance between endothelial injury and repair, precedes overt atherosclerosis by many years. Although this phenomenon is part of the normal aging process, prevention of early and progressive endothelial dysfunction has become an important therapeutic target. Evidence has accumulated to show that endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), contribute substantially to preservation of a structurally and functionally intact endothelium. There has been considerable progress in our understanding of the various cell types that were in the past all covered by the term "EPC." EPC home to sites of endothelial injury and ischemia, where they proliferate, differentiate and integrate into the endothelial layer or exert a paracrine function by producing vascular growth factors. Although more emphasis has been put on the pharmacological approach of endothelial dysfunction, the effect of a healthy lifestyle, via mobilization and functional improvement of EPC, is increasingly recognized. This review will focus on successful lifestyle interventions that aim to maintain vascular health through beneficial actions on cell populations with vasculogenic potential ("EPC"). The role of physical activity and dietary recommendations, which are considered essential elements of a healthy lifestyle, will be particularly emphasized. A thorough understanding of the physiology of endothelial benefits, derived from such interventions, may help to implement these measures on top of classical drug therapy, but also provides a solid basis for primary prevention. The effects of additional elements of a comprehensive lifestyle advice, such as smoking cessation, weight and stress reduction, also comprise a modulation of EPC function and circulating numbers and are therefore included in this review as well.
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Bao XM, Wu CF, Lu GP. Atorvastatin inhibits homocysteine-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells involving Nox4 and p38MAPK. Atherosclerosis 2009; 210:114-21. [PMID: 20018284 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that homocysteine (Hcy) reduces endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) numbers and impairs functional activity. Atorvastatin, HMG-CoA inhibition has been showed to have protective effects on EPCs. Recent studies have demonstrated that reduced EPCs numbers and activity are associated with EPCs apoptosis. However, the protective mechanisms of atorvastatin on HHcy-induced EPCs apoptosis remain to be determined. This study was designed to examine the effect of atorvastatin on homocysteine-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis in EPCs. EPCs were isolated from peripheral blood and characterized, then challenged with Hcy (50-500 micromol/L) in the presence or absence of atorvastatin (0.01-1 micromol/L) or various stress signaling inhibitors, including mevalonate (100 micromol/L), antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 10 micromol/L), the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI 10 micromol/L), the eNOS inhibitor N(G)mono-methyl-l-arginine LNMA (1mmol/L), and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 (10 micromol/L). Apoptosis was evaluated by FACS analysis and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. ROS were detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H(2)DCFH-DA). NADPH oxidases were evaluated with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Expression of Nox4 mRNA and p-p38MAPK protein was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Our data revealed that atorvastatin significantly suppressed Hcy-induced ROS accumulation and EPCs apoptosis. Atorvastatin also antagonized homocysteine-induced activation of NADPH oxidase and overexpression of Nox4 mRNA and p-p38MAPK protein. Similar effects occurred with EPCs transfected with Nox4 siRNA. These findings demonstrated that atorvastatin may inhibit Hcy-induced NADPH oxidase activation, ROS accumulation, and EPCs apoptosis through Nox4/p38MAPK dependent mechanisms, all of which may contribute to atorvastatin-induced beneficial effects on EPCs function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai 200025, PR China. [corrected]
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Ushio-Fukai M, Urao N. Novel role of NADPH oxidase in angiogenesis and stem/progenitor cell function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2517-33. [PMID: 19309262 PMCID: PMC2821135 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization is involved in normal development and wound repair as well as ischemic heart disease and peripheral artery disease. Both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis [de novo new vessel formation through mobilization of stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow (BM) and their homing to the ischemic sites] contribute to the formation of new blood vessels after tissue ischemia. Angiogenesis is dependent on cell proliferation, migration, and capillary tube formation in endothelial cells (ECs). Stem/progenitor cells have been used for cell-based therapy to promote revascularization after peripheral or myocardial ischemia. Excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in senescence and apoptosis of ECs and stem/progenitor cells, causing defective neovascularization. ROS at low levels function as signaling molecules to mediate cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and gene expression. NADPH oxidase is one of the major sources of ROS in ECs and stem/progenitor cells, and is activated by various growth factors, cytokines, hypoxia, and ischemia. ROS derived from NADPH oxidase play an important role in redox signaling linked to angiogenesis ECs, as well as stem/progenitor cell mobilization, homing, and differentiation, thereby promoting neovascularization. Understanding these mechanisms may provide insight into NADPH oxidase and its mediators as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic heart and limb disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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Chen J, Song M, Yu S, Gao P, Yu Y, Wang H, Huang L. Advanced glycation endproducts alter functions and promote apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells through receptor for advanced glycation endproducts mediate overpression of cell oxidant stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 335:137-46. [PMID: 19756958 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in preventing atherosclerosis. The factors that regulate the function of EPCs are not completely clear. Increased formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) is generally regarded as one of the main mechanisms responsible for vascular damage in patients with diabetes and atherosclerosis. AGEs lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and part of the regenerative capacity of EPCs seems to be due to their low baseline ROS levels and reduced sensitivity to ROS-induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that AGEs can alter functions and promote apoptosis in EPCs through overpress cell oxidant stress. EPCs, isolated from bone marrow, were cultured in the absence or presence of AGEs (50, 100, and 200 microg/ml). A modified Boyden's chamber was used to assess the migration of EPCs and the number of recultured EPCs was counted to measure the adhesiveness function. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation function. ROS were analyzed using the ROS assay kit. A spectrophotometer was used to assess superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, and PCR was used to test mRNA expression of SOD and GSH-PX. SiRNA was used to block receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGEs) expression. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V immunostaining and TUNEL staining. Co-culturing with AGEs increases ROS production, decreases anti-oxidant defenses, overpresses oxidant stress, inhibits the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of EPCs, and induces EPCs apoptosis. In addition, these effects were attenuated during block RAGE protein expression by siRNA. AGEs may serve to impair EPCs functions through RAGE-mediate oxidant stress, and promote EPCs sensitivity toward oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis, which indicates a new pathophysiological mechanism of disturbed vascular adaptation in atherosclerosis and suggests that lower levels of AGEs might improve the success of progenitor cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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Kim KC, Friso S, Choi SW. DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism connecting folate to healthy embryonic development and aging. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:917-26. [PMID: 19733471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies demonstrated that maternal exposure to certain environmental and dietary factors during early embryonic development can influence the phenotype of offspring as well as the risk of disease development at the later life. DNA methylation, an epigenetic phenomenon, has been suggested as a mechanism by which maternal nutrients affect the phenotype of their offspring in both honeybee and agouti mouse models. Phenotypic changes through DNA methylation can be linked to folate metabolism by the knowledge that folate, a coenzyme of one-carbon metabolism, is directly involved in methyl group transfer for DNA methylation. During the fetal period, organ-specific DNA methylation patterns are established through epigenetic reprogramming. However, established DNA methylation patterns are not immutable and can be modified during our lifetime by the environment. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation with diet may lead to the development of age-associated diseases including cancer. It is also known that the aging process by itself is accompanied by alterations in DNA methylation. Diminished activity of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) can be a potential mechanism for the decreased genomic DNA methylation during aging, along with reduced folate intake and altered folate metabolism. Progressive hypermethylation in promoter regions of certain genes is observed throughout aging, and repression of tumor suppressors induced by this epigenetic mechanism appears to be associated with cancer development. In this review, we address the effect of folate on early development and aging through an epigenetic mechanism, DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-chol Kim
- Vitamins and Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Junhui Z, Xiaojing H, Binquan Z, Xudong X, Junzhu C, Guosheng F. Nicotine-reduced endothelial progenitor cell senescence through augmentation of telomerase activity via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:485-91. [PMID: 19499400 DOI: 10.1080/14653240902887267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Previous studies have shown that nicotine increases endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) numbers and functional activity. However, the mechanisms by which nicotine increases EPC numbers and activity remain to be determined. Recent studies have demonstrated that EPC numbers and activity are associated with EPC senescence, which involves telomerase activity. Therefore, we investigated whether nicotine might be able to prevent senescence of EPC through telomerase activation, leading to the potentiation of cellular function. METHODS After prolonged in vitro cultivation, EPC were incubated with or without nicotine. The senescence of EPC was determined by acidic beta-galactosidase staining. The bromo-deoxyuridine incorporation assay and colony assay were employed to assess proliferative capacity and clonal expansion potential, respectively. To examine further the underlying mechanisms of these effects, we measured telomerase activity and the phosphorylation of Akt by Western blotting. RESULTS Nicotine dose-dependently prevented the onset of EPC senescence in culture. Moreover, nicotine increased the proliferation of EPC and colony-forming capacity. Nicotine significantly increased telomerase activity and phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, pre-treatment with PI3K blockers, either wortmannin or LY294002, significantly attenuated the nicotine-induced telomerase activity. In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that nicotine delays the onset of EPC senescence, which might be related to activation of telomerase through the PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition, the effects of nicotine might be specifically mediated by nAchR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Junhui
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Rheumatic disease is characterized by inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can restore dysfunctional endothelium and thereby protect against atherosclerotic vascular disease. The number and function of EPCs are, however, affected in rheumatic diseases such as psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis. rheumatic disease is often characterized by decreased numbers, and impaired function, of EPCs, although numbers of these cells might increase during the initial years of systemic sclerosis. Pioneering studies show that EPC dysfunction might be improved with pharmacological treatment. How best to restore EPC function, and whether achieving this aim can prevent long-term cardiovascular complications in rheumatic disease, remain to be established.
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