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Xie X, Liu Y, Yang Q, Ma X, Lu Y, Hu Y, Zhang G, Ke L, Tong Z, Liu Y, Xue J, Lu G, Li W. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase-Mediated Adipocyte Lipolysis Exacerbates Acute Pancreatitis Severity in Mouse Models and Patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00165-2. [PMID: 38705384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipolysis of adipocytes has played a critical role in various diseases. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a rate-limiting enzyme in adipocyte autonomous lipolysis. However, whether the degree of adipocyte lipolysis relates to the prognoses in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the role of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in the pathogenesis of AP remain elusive. The visceral adipose tissue consumption rate in the acute stage was measured in both patients with AP and mouse models. Lipolysis levels and ATGL expression were detected in caerulein-induced AP models. CL316,243, a lipolysis stimulator, and adipose tissue-specific ATGL knockout mice were used to further investigate the role of lipolysis in AP. The ATGL-specific inhibitor, atglistatin, was used in C57Bl/6N and ob/ob AP models. This study found that increased visceral adipose tissue consumption rate in the acute phase was independently associated with adverse prognoses in patients with AP, which was validated in mice AP models. Lipolysis of adipocytes was elevated in AP mice. Stimulation of lipolysis could aggravate AP. Genetic blockage of ATGL specifically in adipocytes was able to alleviate the damage to AP. The application of atglistatin could effectively protect against AP in both lean and obese mice. These findings demonstrated that ATGL-mediated adipocyte lipolysis exacerbates AP and highlighted the therapeutic potential of ATGL as a drug target for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuepeng Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihui Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Pancreatic Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Yangzhou Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Weiqin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Moon YJ, Kim HS, Kim MJ, Im HY, Lee YH. Synergistic Effects of Heat-Treated Green Tea Extract and Enzymatically-Modified Isoquercitrin in Preventing Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2931. [PMID: 37447257 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that both heat-treated green tea extract (HTGT) and enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) have anti-obesity effects. Given the absence of in vivo evidence demonstrating their synergistic effects, our study aimed to elucidate the combined obesity prevention potential of HTGT and EMIQ in mice. Mice were treated with these compounds for 8 weeks, while being fed a high-fat diet, to investigate their preventive anti-obesity effects. We demonstrated that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ results in a synergistic anti-obesity effect, as determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test. Furthermore, the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ was more effective than orlistat in reducing body weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy induced by high-fat diet. The co-treatment also significantly reduced total body fat mass and abdominal fat volume. Additionally, the group receiving the co-treatment exhibited increased energy expenditure and higher glucose intolerance. We observed a dose-dependent upregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and PKA signaling, which is linked to lipolysis, in response to the co-treatment. The co-treatment group displayed elevated cAMP levels and AMPK activation in adipose tissue and increased excretion of fecal lipids. The results indicate that the co-treatment of HTGT and EMIQ holds the potential to be a promising combination therapy for combating obesity. To further validate the anti-obesity effect of the combined treatment of HTGT and EMIQ in human subjects, additional clinical studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Yeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Carson MD, Warner AJ, Geiser VL, Hathaway-Schrader JD, Alekseyenko AV, Marshall J, Westwater C, Novince CM. Prolonged Antibiotic Exposure during Adolescence Dysregulates Liver Metabolism and Promotes Adiposity in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:796-812. [PMID: 36906264 PMCID: PMC10284030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic administration during early life has been shown to have lasting effects on the gut microbiota, which have been linked to sustained alterations in liver metabolism and adiposity. Recent investigations have discerned that the gut microbiota continues to develop toward an adult-like profile during adolescence. However, the impact of antibiotic exposure during adolescence on metabolism and adiposity is unclear. Herein, a retrospective analysis of Medicaid claims data was performed, which indicated that tetracycline class antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the systemic treatment of adolescent acne. The purpose of this was to discern the impact of a prolonged tetracycline antibiotic exposure during adolescence on the gut microbiota, liver metabolism, and adiposity. Male C57BL/6T specific pathogen-free mice were administered a tetracycline antibiotic during the pubertal/postpubertal adolescent growth phase. Groups were euthanized at different time points to assess immediate and sustained antibiotic treatment effects. Antibiotic exposure during adolescence caused lasting genera-level shifts in the intestinal bacteriome and persistent dysregulation of metabolic pathways in the liver. Dysregulated hepatic metabolism was linked to sustained disruption of the intestinal farnesoid X receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis, a gut-liver endocrine axis that supports metabolic homeostasis. Antibiotic exposure during adolescence increased subcutaneous, visceral, and marrow adiposity, which intriguingly manifested following antibiotic therapy. This preclinical work highlights that prolonged antibiotic courses for the clinical treatment of adolescent acne may have unintended deleterious effects on liver metabolism and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy J Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vincenza L Geiser
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jessica D Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Biomedical Informatics Center, Program for Human Microbiome Research, Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Julie Marshall
- Division of Population Oral Health, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chad M Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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4
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Zhang W, Ma X, Zhang Y, Tong W, Zhang X, Liang Y, Song M. Obesogenic effect of Bisphenol P on mice via altering the metabolic pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114703. [PMID: 36857923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol P (BPP), structurally similar to bisphenol A, is commonly identified in the samples of environment, food, and humans. Unfortunately, very little information is currently available on adverse effects of BPP. The obesogenic effects and underlying mechanisms of BPP on mice were investigated in this study. Compared with the control, high-resolution microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans displayed that the visceral fat volume of mice was significantly increased at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day after BPP exposure for 14 days, whereas the subcutaneous fat volume remained unchanged. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that BPP significantly perturbed the metabolic pathways of mouse livers, and acetyl-CoA was identified as the potential key metabolite responsible for the visceral fat induced by BPP. These findings recommend that a great deal of attention should be paid to the obesogenic properties of BPP as a result of its widely utilized and persistence in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xuerui Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
| | - Wanjing Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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5
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Zhang L, Fernando T, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhu X, Li M, Shi Y. Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonist-induced adipocyte activation improves obesity and metabolism in PCOS-like mice. Life Sci 2022; 310:121078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Watson CJ, Tang WJ, Rojas MF, Fiedler IAK, Morfin Montes de Oca E, Cronrath AR, Callies LK, Swearer AA, Ahmed AR, Sethuraman V, Addish S, Farr GH, Gómez AE, Rai J, Monstad-Rios AT, Gardiner EM, Karasik D, Maves L, Busse B, Hsu YH, Kwon RY. wnt16 regulates spine and muscle morphogenesis through parallel signals from notochord and dermomyotome. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010496. [PMID: 36346812 PMCID: PMC9674140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone and muscle are coupled through developmental, mechanical, paracrine, and autocrine signals. Genetic variants at the CPED1-WNT16 locus are dually associated with bone- and muscle-related traits. While Wnt16 is necessary for bone mass and strength, this fails to explain pleiotropy at this locus. Here, we show wnt16 is required for spine and muscle morphogenesis in zebrafish. In embryos, wnt16 is expressed in dermomyotome and developing notochord, and contributes to larval myotome morphology and notochord elongation. Later, wnt16 is expressed at the ventral midline of the notochord sheath, and contributes to spine mineralization and osteoblast recruitment. Morphological changes in wnt16 mutant larvae are mirrored in adults, indicating that wnt16 impacts bone and muscle morphology throughout the lifespan. Finally, we show that wnt16 is a gene of major effect on lean mass at the CPED1-WNT16 locus. Our findings indicate that Wnt16 is secreted in structures adjacent to developing bone (notochord) and muscle (dermomyotome) where it affects the morphogenesis of each tissue, thereby rendering wnt16 expression into dual effects on bone and muscle morphology. This work expands our understanding of wnt16 in musculoskeletal development and supports the potential for variants to act through WNT16 to influence bone and muscle via parallel morphogenetic processes. In humans, genetic variants (DNA sequences that vary amongst individuals) have been identified that appear to influence two tissues, bone and skeletal muscle. However, how single genes and genetic variants exert dual influence on both tissues is not well understood. In this study, we found that the wnt16 gene is necessary for specifying the size and shape of both muscle and bone during development in zebrafish. We also disentangled how wnt16 affects both tissues: distinct cellular populations adjacent to muscle and bone secrete Wnt16, where it acts as a signal guiding the size and shape of each tissue. This is important because in humans, genetic variants near the WNT16 gene have effects on both bone- and muscle-related traits. This study expands our understanding of the role of WNT16 in bone and muscle development, and helps to explain how genetic variants near WNT16 affect traits for both tissues. Moreover, WNT16 is actively being explored as a target for osteoporosis therapies, thus our study could have implications with regard to the potential of targeting WNT16 to treat bone and muscle simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Watson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - W. Joyce Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria F. Rojas
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Imke A. K. Fiedler
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernesto Morfin Montes de Oca
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Cronrath
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Lulu K. Callies
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Avery Angell Swearer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Ali R. Ahmed
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Visali Sethuraman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Sumaya Addish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Gist H. Farr
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arianna Ericka Gómez
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Jyoti Rai
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Adrian T. Monstad-Rios
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - Edith M. Gardiner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
| | - David Karasik
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa Maves
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bjorn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald Young Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Insitute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicines, University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Greve S, Kuhn GA, Saenz-de-Juano MD, Ghosh A, von Meyenn F, Giller K. The major urinary protein gene cluster knockout mouse as a novel model for translational metabolism research. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13161. [PMID: 35915220 PMCID: PMC9343454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that not only murine scent communication is regulated by major urinary proteins, but that their expression may also vary in response to metabolism via a yet unknown mechanism. Major urinary proteins are expressed mainly in the liver, showing a sexually dimorphic pattern with substantially higher expression in males. Here, we investigate the metabolic implications of a major urinary protein knockout in twelve-week-old male and female C57BL/6N mice during ad libitum feeding. Despite both sexes of major urinary protein knockout mice displayed numerically increased body weight and visceral adipose tissue proportions compared to sex-matched wildtype mice, the main genotype-specific metabolic differences were observed exclusively in males. Male major urinary protein knockout mice exhibited plasma and hepatic lipid accumulation accompanied by a hepatic transcriptome indicating an activation of lipogenesis. These findings match the higher major urinary protein expression in male compared to female wildtype mice, suggesting a more distinct reduction in energy requirements in male compared to female major urinary protein knockout mice. The observed sex-specific anabolic phenotype confirms a role of major urinary protein in metabolism and, since major urinary proteins are not expressed in humans, suggests the major urinary protein knockout mouse as a potential alternative model for translational metabolism research which needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greve
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Morató L, Astori S, Zalachoras I, Rodrigues J, Ghosal S, Huang W, Guillot de Suduiraut I, Grosse J, Zanoletti O, Cao L, Auwerx J, Sandi C. eNAMPT actions through nucleus accumbens NAD +/SIRT1 link increased adiposity with sociability deficits programmed by peripuberty stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9109. [PMID: 35235362 PMCID: PMC8890725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is frequently associated with impairments in the social domain, and stress at puberty can lead to long-lasting changes in visceral fat deposition and in social behaviors. However, whether stress-induced changes in adipose tissue can affect fat-to-brain signaling, thereby orchestrating behavioral changes, remains unknown. We found that peripubertally stressed male-but not female-mice exhibit concomitant increased adiposity and sociability deficits. We show that reduced levels of the adipokine nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in fat and its extracellular form eNAMPT in blood contribute to lifelong reductions in sociability induced by peripubertal stress. By using a series of adipose tissue and brain region-specific loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we implicate impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/SIRT1 pathway in the nucleus accumbens. Impairments in sociability and accumbal neuronal excitability are prevented by normalization of eNAMPT levels or treatment with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a NAD+-boosting compound. We propose NAD+ boosters to treat social deficits of early life stress origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Morató
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Zalachoras
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sriparna Ghosal
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Isabelle Guillot de Suduiraut
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jocelyn Grosse
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Zanoletti
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lei Cao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Li M, Zhu X, Shi Y. Effect of a high-calorie diet and constant light exposure on female reproduction, metabolism and immune inflammation: A comparative study of different mouse models. Am J Reprod Immunol 2021; 86:e13479. [PMID: 34152678 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Excess caloric intake and irregular circadian rhythm could severely impair female reproductive, metabolic, and immune function. However, the similarities and differences between their individual and combined effects and mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Due to limitations and confounding factors in clinical research, we used these two kinds of unhealthy factors to intervene the mice singly or in combination to explore their effects on individuals. METHOD OF STUDY We used a high-calorie diet (HCD), constant light exposure (CLE), and a high-calorie diet combined with constant light exposure (HCD + CLE) to build three different mouse models. During the 9 weeks modeling period, the estrous cycles were monitored, and after modeling, the indicators of glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and reproductive endocrine function were tested. RESULTS We found that both HCD and CLE alone could induce ovulatory disorders, obesity, and chronic low-grade inflammation and inhibit melatonin secretion. The difference was that HCD significantly reduced the serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) levels, inhibited the expression of FSH β and LH β in pituitary, increased cytochrome P450 enzymes and LH receptor expression in ovary, as well causing impaired glucose tolerance and hyperlipidemia, and significantly promoted the secretion of leptin and inhibited the secretion of adiponectin. However, CLE significantly increased blood LH and T, prompted the expression of kisspeptin in hypothalamus and LH β in pituitary, and had no effect on glycolipid metabolic indexes or the secretion of leptin or adiponectin. The phenotype of HCD + CLE model was basically the same as that of HCD model, associated with more severe visceral obesity and chronic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that unhealthy lifestyle determines the phenotype of reproductive endocrine, immune, and metabolic disorders. These findings can provide theoretical support for the subsequent study of PCOS-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukai Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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10
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Takahashi T, Sakai N, Nishino S. Altered responses of end-expiratory lung volume and upper airway patency to body posture in diet-induced obese mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15072. [PMID: 34676689 PMCID: PMC8531836 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although both obesity and body posture are important factors affecting end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and upper airway patency, the influence of those factors on EELV and the association between EELV and upper airway calibers are still unknown in mice. This study examined such interaction effects in obese mice to test the hypothesis that obese mice have decreased EELV accompanied by structural alterations of the upper airway. METHODS A high-resolution in vivo micro-computed tomography was utilized to scan anesthetized lean and diet-induced obese mice in the prone and supine positions, followed by quantifying lung volume and analyzing upper airway morphology. RESULTS There was a statistically significant interaction between the effects of body weight and posture on both EELV (p = 0.0049, η 2 = 0.1041) and upper airway calibers (p = 0.0215, η 2 = 0.6304). In lean mice, EELV in the prone position was significantly larger than in the supine position (prone EELV = 193.22 ± 9.10 µl vs. supine EELV = 176.01 ± 10.91 µl; p = 0.0072), whereas obese mice did not have such an improvement in EELV in the prone position (prone EELV = 174.37 ± 20.23 µl vs. supine EELV = 183.39 ± 17.49 µl; p = 0.0981) and tended to have a smaller upper airway when EELV was low based on Spearman's correlation analysis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that obesity is an important factor compromising both EELV and upper airway calibers in a posture-dependent manner even in mice, which should be taken into consideration in future studies regarding upper airway collapse and lung mechanical properties using mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Takahashi
- Department of MedicineJacobi Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology LaboratoryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Noriaki Sakai
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology LaboratoryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology LaboratoryDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesStanford University School of MedicinePalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
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11
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Sex-dependent effects of forced exercise in the body composition of adolescent rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10154. [PMID: 33980961 PMCID: PMC8115159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the body composition during adolescence can predict diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes later in life; and physical activity became an effective way to restore changes in body composition. However, current available literature assessing the body composition before, during and after adolescence in female and male rodents by in vivo techniques is scarce. Thus, by using computerized tomography, we aimed to define the baseline of the weight and body composition during the adolescence and young adulthood of female and male Sprague-Dawley rats (on P30, P60 and P90) under standard diet. Then, we determined the effect of 18 days of forced exercise on the body weight and composition during the early adolescence (P27-45). The highest percentual increments in weight, body volume and relative adipose contents occurred during the female and male adolescence. Forced running during the early adolescence decreased weight, body volume and relative adipose delta and increment values in males only. The adolescence of rats is a period of drastic body composition changes, where exercise interventions have sex-dependent effects. These results support a model that could open new research windows in the field of adolescent obesity.
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12
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Zhao Z, Xue F, Gu Y, Han J, Jia Y, Ye K, Zhang Y. Crosstalk between the muscular estrogen receptor α and BDNF/TrkB signaling alleviates metabolic syndrome via 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in female mice. Mol Metab 2020; 45:101149. [PMID: 33352311 PMCID: PMC7811170 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a small molecular mimetic of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity in female mice in a sex-specific manner by activating muscular tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). However, the underlying molecular mechanism for this sex difference is unknown. Moreover, muscular estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays a critical role in metabolic diseases. Impaired ERα action is often accompanied by metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women. This study investigated whether muscular ERα is involved in the metabolic effects of 7,8-DHF. Methods For the in vivo studies, 72 female C57BL/6J mice were given a low-fat diet or high-fat diet, and both received daily intragastric administration of vehicle or 7,8-DHF for 24 weeks. The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis function was assessed by investigating typical sex-related serum hormones and the ovarian reserve. Indicators of menopausal MetS, including lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, bone density, and serum inflammatory cytokines, were also evaluated. The expression levels of ERα and other relevant signaling molecules were also examined. In vitro, the molecular mechanism involved in the interplay of ERα and TrkB receptors was verified in differentiated C2C12 myotubes using several inhibitors and a lentivirus short hairpin RNA-knockdown strategy. Results Long-term oral administration of 7,8-DHF acted as a protective factor for the female HPO axis function, protecting against ovarian failure, earlier menopause, and sex hormone disorders, which was paralleled by the alleviation of MetS coupled with the production of ERα-rich, TrkB-activated, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) high thermogenic skeletal muscle tissues. 7,8-DHF-stimulated transactivation of ERα at serine 118 (S118) and tyrosine 537 (Y537), which was crucial to activate the BDNF/TrkB signaling cascades. In turn, activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling was also required for the ligand-independent activation of ERα, especially at the Y537 phosphorylation site. In addition, Src family kinases played a core role in the interplay of ERα and TrkB, synergistically activating the signaling pathways related to energy metabolism. Conclusions These findings revealed a novel role of 7,8-DHF in protecting the function of the female HPO axis and activating tissue-specific ERα, which improves our understanding of this sex difference in 7,8-DHF-mediated maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and provides new therapeutic strategies for managing MetS in women. 7,8-DHF improves hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function in mature adult female mice. 7,8-DHF protects against ovarian failure and onset of earlier menopause. 7,8-DHF-induced transactivation of ERα is crucial to activate BDNF/TrkB signaling cascades. 7,8-DHF-induced activations of ERα and BDNF/TrkB signaling are interdependent. Src family kinases play a core role in the crosstalk of ERα and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlei Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fan Xue
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanpei Gu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianxin Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingxian Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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13
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Anti-Obesity Effect of DKB-117 through the Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase and α-Amylase Activity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103053. [PMID: 33036193 PMCID: PMC7600053 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the effects of Phaseolus multiflorus var. albus Bailey extract (PM extract) and Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae extract (PF extract) on the inhibition of digestive enzymes and to confirm the anti-obesity effect of DKB-117 (a mixture of PM extract and PF extract) in digestive enzyme inhibition in a mouse model of obesity induced by a high-fat diet. In in vitro studies, PM extract and PF extract have increased dose-dependent inhibitory activity on α-amylase (Inhibitory concentration (IC50 value: 6.13 mg/mL)) and pancreatic lipase (IC50 value; 1.68 mg/mL), respectively. High-fat diet-induced obese mice were orally administered DKB-117 extracts at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/day, while a positive control group was given orlistat (pancreatic lipase inhibitor) and Garcinia cambogia (inhibiting the enzymes needed to synthesize carbohydrates into fat) at concentrations of 40 and 200 mg/kg/day, respectively, for eight weeks. As a result, body weight, fat mass (total fat mass, abdominal fat, and subcutaneous fat) detected with microcomputed tomography, fat mass (abdominal fat and inguinal fat) after an autopsy, and liver triglyceride levels were decreased significantly in the DKB-117 (300 mg/kg/day) group compared to those in the HFD control group. Additionally, we obtained results indicating that the presence of carbohydrates was found more in the DKB-117-300 (300 mg/kg/day) group than in the HFD control group. These data clearly show that DKB-117 extracts are expected to have an anti-obesity effect through a complex mechanism that promotes carbohydrate release through the inhibition of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes while blocking lipid absorption through lipase inhibition.
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14
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Li QN, Li L, Hou G, Wang ZB, Hou Y, Liu ZH, Schatten H, Sun QY. Glucocorticoid exposure affects female fertility by exerting its effect on the uterus but not on the oocyte: lessons from a hypercortisolism mouse model. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:2285-2294. [PMID: 30388225 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of glucocorticoid (GC) on female reproduction? SUMMARY ANSWER Corticosterone (CORT) exposure causes little damage to oocyte quality or developmental competence but has an adverse effect on the uterus, which causes decreased implantation, embryo death and subsequent infertility. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Chronic treatment with high GC doses is effective in controlling most allergic diseases but may lead to metabolic disorders such as obesity that are closely related with reproductive function. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Hypercortisolism was induced in a female mouse model by supplementing the drinking water with 100 μg/ml of CORT. Controls received vehicle (1% v/v ethanol) only. After 4 weeks treatment mice were either mated or killed in estrus for hormone and organ measurements. In the first experiment, treatment with CORT or control continued during pregnancy but in the second CORT treatment was stopped after mating. To identify the effects of GC exposure on the uterus, blastocysts were generated by IVF of oocytes from CORT and control mice and replaced into recipients receiving the opposite treatment. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects of hypercortisolism on female mice were first characterized by living body fat content, body weight, food intake, hormone and biochemical measurements, a glucose tolerance test and an insulin resistance test. Fertility was determined with or without CORT-treatment during pregnancy. Oocyte quality was assessed by oocyte maturation, mitochondrial distribution, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial DNA mutations and morphology of blastocysts produced in vivo or in vitro. Blastocyst cross-transfer was done to evaluate the causes of embryonic development failure. Fetus development and uterus morphology evaluation as well as culture of oocytes in vitro with gradient concentrations of CORT were also carried out. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the hypercortisolism female mouse model, body weight and food intake were much higher than in the control, and corticosterone, estradiol, cholesterol (CHO) and triglycerides (TG) in the plasma of CORT-treated mice was significantly increased. The hypercortisolism female mice were infertile when CORT-treatment was sustained during pregnancy but fertile if CORT-treatment was stopped after mating. The rate of successful implantation in hypercortisolism mice with sustained CORT-treatment during pregnancy was significantly lower than in the control, and the implanted embryos could not develop beyond 13.5 dpc. Blastocyst cross-transfer showed that blastocysts from CORT-treated mice could develop to term in the uterus of control mice, but blastocysts from control mice failed to develop to term when they were transferred into CORT-treated mice, providing evidence that the infertility was mainly caused by an altered uterine environment. CORT administration did not affect oocyte maturation, mitochondrial distribution, ROS production and blastocyst morphology, but increased mitochondrial DNA mutations. Culture of oocytes in vitro with gradient concentrations of CORT showed that only very high concentrations of CORT caused damage to oocyte developmental competence. LARGE SCALE DATA NA. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The mouse model has the advantages of a consistent genetic and physiological background and openness to experimental manipulation over clinical studies but may not represent the human situation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our findings show that special care should be taken when administering CORT during pregnancy, and provide important information concerning female reproduction when treating patients by subjecting them to chronic GC exposure. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2016YFA0100400 and 2017YFC1000600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31472055). The authors have no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanmei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Impacts of the late adulthood diet-induced obesity onset on behavior, immune function, redox state and life span of male and female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:65-77. [PMID: 30659939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the late onset of diet-induced obesity (DIO) in middle-aged mice affected behavioral, immunological and oxidative stress parameters as well as life span of male and female mice. Also, it was analyzed whether the late DIO onset aggravated immunosenescence in old female mice. Late-adult male and female ICR/CD1 mice (28 weeks old) were fed either a high-fat diet or a standard diet during 14 weeks. After that, in these middle-aged (42 weeks old) diet-induced obese (DIO) and non-DIO controls, behavior as well as functions and redox state of peritoneal leukocytes were evaluated. These same parameters (excepting behavioral tests) were repeated when female mice were old (72 weeks old). The results showed lower exploratory activity and higher anxiety-like behavior in middle-aged male and female DIO than in controls. Moreover, these DIO animals from both sexes exhibited statistically significant impaired immune cell functions, such as chemotaxis of macrophages and lymphocytes, phagocytosis of macrophages, natural killer activity and lymphoproliferation in response to ConA and LPS, as well as an oxidative stress state in comparison with controls. Male DIO mice exhibited higher impairments in a variety of the evaluated parameters and a shorter life span than their female counterparts. In addition, female DIO mice, at old age, showed aggravated immunosenescence. In conclusion, the late DIO onset leads to impairments in behavior as well as in immune system functions of middle-aged male and female mice, males being significantly more affected than females.
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16
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Atashi F, André-Lévigne D, Colin DJ, Germain S, Pittet-Cuénod B, Modarressi A. Does non-activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhance fat graft outcome? An assessment with 3D CT-scan in mice. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 72:669-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Herrera SR, Vincent KL, Poole A, Olson G, Patrikeev I, Saada J, Gamble P, Motamedi M, Saade GR, Stuebe AM, Prewit EB. Long-Term Effect of Lactation on Maternal Cardiovascular Function and Adiposity in a Murine Model. Am J Perinatol 2019; 36:490-497. [PMID: 30193385 PMCID: PMC9126077 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1669443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies suggest that lactation is associated with long-term maternal health benefits. To avoid confounders in human studies, we used a previously characterized murine model to investigate the long-term effect of lactation on both cardiovascular function and adiposity. STUDY DESIGN After the delivery of the pups, CD-1 female mice were randomly divided into two groups: lactated and nonlactated (NL). Before pregnancy and at 9 months postdelivery, blood pressure was measured using a tail cuff, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were assessed by computed tomography (CT), echocardiography was performed using microultrasound, and cholesterol panels and fasting blood glucose were measured. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test (significance at p < 0.05). RESULTS There were no differences in baseline parameters between the two groups. At 9 months postdelivery, the NL group weighed significantly more (p = 0.03) and demonstrated a significantly lower cardiac output (p = 0.05) and ejection fraction (p = 0.03). The mice in the NL group also had higher VAT (p < 0.01) and SAT percentiles (p = 0.03). Fasting glucose (p = 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in the NL group at 9 months. CONCLUSION Our results show the benefit of lactation is not just limited to the immediate postpartum period but it also extends into midlife in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R. Herrera
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Kathleen L. Vincent
- Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Aaron Poole
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gayle Olson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jamal Saada
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Phyllis Gamble
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - George R. Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Alison M. Stuebe
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Egle Bytautiene Prewit
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Sun J, Zhang J, Guo H, Shi Y, Cheng X, Tang X, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction reduces hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed mice by promoting H2S production. Food Funct 2019; 10:61-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction reduces hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high-fat-fed mice by promoting H2S production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Yanan Wang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Jiahong Zhang
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Haitao Guo
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Xiangrong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- Center for Food Nutrition and Functional Food Engineering
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19
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Yang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Luo T, Ge Y, Jiang Y, Shi Y, Sun J, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction improves the gut microbiota and reduces intestinal permeability and inflammation in high-fat-fed mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:5952-5968. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction improved the intestinal microbiota composition, barrier function, oxidative stress, and inflammation in high-fat-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
- College of Grain and Food Science
| | - Yuanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Tingyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yueting Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yuge Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Jin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- China
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20
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Rahman MM, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim SH, Go HK, Kweon MH, Kim DH. Desalted Salicornia europaea powder and its active constituent, trans-ferulic acid, exert anti-obesity effects by suppressing adipogenic-related factors. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56. [PMID: 29521146 PMCID: PMC6130585 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1436073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Salicornia europaea (Amaranthaceae) (SE) has been shown to reduce obesity, but it remains a problem as a food supplement because of its high salt content (25-35% NaCl). OBJECTIVES This study investigated the anti-obesity effects and mechanism of action of desalted SE powder (DSP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50) were divided into a normal control group (NC), a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity control group (HFD), and HFD groups co-administered DSP (250 and 500 mg/kg) or Garcinia cambogia (Clusiaceae) extract (GE, 200 mg/kg, standard control) orally each day for 12 weeks. RESULTS The body weight was significantly reduced by co-administration of DSP (596.51 ± 19.84 kg, 4.60% and 562.08 ± 9.74 kg, 10.10%, respectively) and GE (576.00 ± 11.29 kg, 7.88%) relative to the HFD group (625.25 ± 14.02 kg) and was accompanied by reduced abdominal fat mass, and serum lipid levels, with no effects on feed intake. To find the underlying mechanism of the anti-obesity effects, trans-ferulic acid (TFA) was identified as the main ingredient and investigated with regard to whether it attenuated adipogenesity in 3T3L-1 cells. DSP-derived TFA suppressed adipocyte differentiation and accumulation of intracellular lipids. TFA also down-regulated the adipogenesis-related gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α and fatty acid synthase. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DSP may be considered for use as a food supplement intent of controlling obesity through its antiobesity and antiadipogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myung-Jin Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biofood research, Knotus Life Science Inc, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyu Go
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyang Kweon
- Research Center, Phyto Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Research Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Do-Hyung KimResearch Center, KNOTUS Co. Ltd, 189 Donggureung-Ro, Guri-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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21
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Mabilleau G, Gobron B, Mieczkowska A, Perrot R, Chappard D. Efficacy of targeting bone-specific GIP receptor in ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Endocrinol 2018; 239:215-227. [PMID: 30121578 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) has been recognized in the last decade as an important contributor of bone remodelling and is necessary for optimal bone quality. However, GIP receptors are expressed in several tissues in the body and little is known about the direct vs indirect effects of GIP on bone remodelling and quality. The aims of the present study were to validate two new GIP analogues, called [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag and [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30, which specifically target either bone or whole-body GIP receptors, respectively; and to ascertain the beneficial effects of GIP therapy on bone in a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Both GIP analogues exhibited similar binding capacities at the GIP receptor and intracellular responses as full-length GIP1-42. Furthermore, only [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag, but not [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30, was undoubtedly found exclusively in the bone matrix and released at acidic pH. In ovariectomized animals, [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30 but not [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag ameliorated bone stiffness at the same magnitude than alendronate treatment. Only [d-Ala2]-GIP1-30 treatment led to significant ameliorations in cortical microarchitecture. Although alendronate treatment increased the hardness of the bone matrix and the type B carbonate substitution in the hydroxyapatite crystals, none of the GIP analogues modified bone matrix composition. Interestingly, in ovariectomy-induced bone loss, [d-Ala2]-GIP-Tag failed to alter bone strength, microarchitecture and bone matrix composition. Overall, this study shows that the use of a GIP analogue that target whole-body GIP receptors might be useful to improve bone strength in ovariectomized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mabilleau
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Gobron
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Rheumatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Aleksandra Mieczkowska
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Rodolphe Perrot
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- Groupe d'Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux, GEROM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
- Bone Pathology Unit, Angers University Hospital, Angers Cedex, France
- Service Commun d'Imageries et d'Analyses Microscopiques, SCIAM, SFR 42-08, Université d'Angers, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Angers Cedex, France
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22
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Pappas LE, Nagy TR. The translation of age-related body composition findings from rodents to humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:172-178. [PMID: 30283153 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to highlight changes in body composition in rodent models as a result of healthy aging in order to enhance translational research. Aging is associated with alterations in body composition, particularly fat mass and fat-free mass, which may be accompanied by adverse health effects, especially nearing middle age to old age. In humans, it is generally understood that fat mass tends to increase while fat-free mass concurrently declines with aging. However, the effect of aging on body composition in rodent models is less well studied, and how these changes compare and contrast with observations in humans has not yet been fully elucidated. Though, it appears as though the constituent-level alterations occur in humans and rodents at different life phases thereby having a potential effect on the outcomes of basic biomedical research. Though highly strain-dependent, this review suggests that FM changes begin at a much earlier life phase in rodents than in humans. Conversely, FFM appears to increase throughout middle age and into old age in rodents, whereas middle age is associated with the initiation the subsequent decline of FFM in humans. Given the essentiality of rodent models in basic biomedical research, careful consideration of these differences in age-related BC findings is imperative when the research is aimed for human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Pappas
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
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23
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Lee MS, Han HJ, Han SY, Kim IY, Chae S, Lee CS, Kim SE, Yoon SG, Park JW, Kim JH, Shin S, Jeong M, Ko A, Lee HY, Oh KJ, Lee YH, Bae KH, Koo SH, Kim JW, Seong JK, Hwang D, Song J. Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 represses diet-induced metabolic syndrome through AMPK activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3404. [PMID: 30143610 PMCID: PMC6109074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in controlling energy metabolism in response to physiological and nutritional status. Although AMPK activation has been proposed as a promising molecular target for treating obesity and its related comorbidities, the use of pharmacological AMPK activators has been met with contradictory therapeutic challenges. Here we show a regulatory mechanism for AMPK through its ubiquitination and degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1). MKRN1 depletion promotes glucose consumption and suppresses lipid accumulation due to AMPK stabilisation and activation. Accordingly, MKRN1-null mice show chronic AMPK activation in both liver and adipose tissue, resulting in significant suppression of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate also its therapeutic effect by administering shRNA targeting MKRN1 into obese mice that reverses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We suggest that ubiquitin-dependent AMPK degradation represents a target therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders. AMPK activation has been suggested as treatment for obesity and its complications. Here the authors show that the ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 binds to AMPK and mediates its ubiquitination and degradation. Loss of MKRN1 leads to AMPK activation, increased glucose consumption and decreased lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sik Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle CLS-16060.2, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyun-Ji Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sil Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Yoon
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Park
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Manhyung Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Faight E, Verdelis K, Ahearn JM, Shields KJ. 3D MicroCT spatial and temporal characterization of thoracic aorta perivascular adipose tissue and plaque volumes in the ApoE-/- mouse model. Adipocyte 2018; 7:156-165. [PMID: 29956579 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1493900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) influences vascular function and pathology. We present a protocol using micro-computed tomography (microCT), a novel imaging technique typically used for hard biological tissue, to characterize the temporal and spatial development of aorta PVAT and luminal plaque soft tissue. Apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE) and C57Bl/6J (control) mice were fed a high fat western diet up to 30 weeks. 3D microCT reconstructions were used to quantify: 1) vascular wall volume, a surrogate measure of remodeling, was greater in ApoE, 2) aorta PVAT volume was reduced in ApoE, 3) plaque volumes increased over time in ApoE, 4) plaque development co-localized with luminal ostia, origins of branching arteries, which traveled through areas of greatest PVAT volume, 5) qualitatively, the same arteries showed evidence of increased tortuosity in ApoE. This study reflects the potential of microCT analyses to assess vascular wall, PVAT and arterial trajectory modifications in relevant animal models. Abbreviations: PVAT: perivascular adipose tissue; ApoE: apolipoprotein E deficient mouse strain; Control: C57Bl/6J mouse strain; PTA: 0.3% phosphotungstic acid; microCT: micro-computed tomography; CV: cardiovascular; CVD: cardiovascular disease; IQR: interquartile range; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor - gamma; VV: vasa vasorum; 3D: three dimensional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Faight
- Lupus Center of Excellence, Autoimmunity Institute, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kostas Verdelis
- Division of Endodontics at the Department of Restorative Dentistry and Comprehensive Care and the Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M. Ahearn
- Lupus Center of Excellence, Autoimmunity Institute, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly J. Shields
- Lupus Center of Excellence, Autoimmunity Institute, Department of Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Wu G, Sun J, Wang Y, Guo H, Shi Y, Cheng X, Tang X, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction regulated energy and protein homeostasis by improving thyroid function in high fat diet mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:3718-3731. [PMID: 29978874 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00685g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methionine-restricted diets (MRD) show an integrated series of beneficial health effects, including improving insulin sensitivity, limiting fat deposition, and decreasing oxidative stress, and inflammation responses. We aimed to explore the systemic responses to a MRD in mice fed with a high fat (HFD) and clarify the possible mechanism. Mice were fed with a control diet (0.86% methionine + 4% fat, CON), HFD (0.86% methionine + 20% fat), or MRD (0.17% methionine + 20% fat) for 22 consecutive weeks. HFD-fed mice showed widespread systemic metabolic disorders and thyroid dysfunction. A MRD significantly increased energy expenditure (e.g. fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism), regulated protein homeostasis, improved gut microbiota functions, prevented thyroid dysfunction, increased plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels, decreased plasma thyroid stimulating hormone levels, increased type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) activity, and up-regulated mRNA and protein expression levels of DIO2 and thyroid hormone receptor α1 in the skeletal muscle. These results suggest that a MRD can improve the metabolic disorders induced by a HFD, and especially regulate energy and protein homeostasis likely through improved thyroid function. Thus, reducing methionine intake (e.g. through a vegan diet) may improve metabolic health in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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26
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Lancaster GI, Henstridge DC. Body Composition and Metabolic Caging Analysis in High Fat Fed Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29889190 DOI: 10.3791/57280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations to body composition (fat or lean mass), metabolic parameters such as whole-body oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization, and behaviors such as food intake and physical activity can provide important information regarding the underlying mechanisms of disease. Given the importance of body composition and metabolism to the development of obesity and its subsequent sequelae, it is necessary to make accurate measures of these parameters in the pre-clinical research setting. Advances in technology over the past few decades have made it possible to derive these measures in rodent models in a non-invasive and longitudinal fashion. Consequently, these metabolic measures have proven useful when assessing the response of genetic manipulations (for example knockout or transgenic mice, viral knock-down or overexpression of genes), experimental drug/compound screening and dietary, behavioral or physical activity interventions. Herein, we describe the protocols used to measure body composition and metabolic parameters using an animal monitoring system in chow-fed and high fat diet-fed mice.
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27
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Cho YR, Lee JA, Kim YY, Kang JS, Lee JH, Ahn EK. Anti-obesity effects of Clausena excavata in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:253-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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28
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The Fate of the Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells during Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis after Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141:365-375. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Park B, Song HS, Kwon JE, Cho SM, Jang SA, Kim MY, Kang SC. Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract with supplemental liquefied calcium on osteoporosis in calcium-deficient ovariectomized mice. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:545. [PMID: 29262817 PMCID: PMC5738837 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Extracts from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge have been used in traditional Asian medicine to treat coronary heart disease, chronic renal failure, atherosclerosis, myocardial infraction, angina pectoris, myocardial ischemia, dysmenorrheal, neurasthenic insomnia, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-RANK signal effect of the combination of S.miltiorrhiza Bunge (SME) and liquefied calcium (LCa) supplement with ovariectomized (OVX-SML) mice, a osteoporosis animal model. Results were compared to 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment. Methods A total of 70 female ICR strain mice (7 weeks) were randomly divided into 10 groups with 7 mice in each group as follows: (1) sham-operated control mice (sham) received daily oral phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) of equal volumes through oral administration. (2) OVX mice received a daily oral administration of PBS (OVX). (3) OVX mice treated daily with 50 mg/kg b.w./ day of SME (4) with 100 mg/kg b.w./day of SME or (5) with 200 mg/kg b.w./day of SME via oral administration. (6) OVX mice treated daily with 50 mg/kg b.w./day of SML (7) with 100 mg/kg b.w./day of SML or (8) with 200 mg/kg b.w./day of SML via oral administration. (9) OVX mice treated daily with 10 ml/kg b.w./day of LCa (10) OVX mice received i.p. injections of 17β-estradiol (E2) (0.1 mg/kg b.w./day) three times per week for 12 weeks. Results micro-CT analysis revealed that oral administration of SML inhibited tibial bone loss, sustained trabecular bone state, and ameliorated bone biochemical markers. In addition, SML administration compared to SEM and LCa reduced serum levels of RANKL, osteocalcin and BALP through increased serum levels of OPG and E2 in OVX mice. SML also had more beneficial effects on protection of estrogen-dependent bone loss through blocking expression of TRAF6 and NFTAc1 and produces cathepsin K and calcitonin receptor to develop osteoclast differentiation. Conclusion These data suggest that S. miltiorrhiza Bunge combined with liquefied calcium supplement has an inhibitory activity in OVX mice. This result implies the possibility of a pharmacological intervention specifically directed toward a disease such as osteoporosis where decreased bone strength increases the risk of a broken bone. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-2047-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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30
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Patel VS, Chan ME, Pagnotti GM, Frechette DM, Rubin J, Rubin CT. Incorporating Refractory Period in Mechanical Stimulation Mitigates Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Adult Mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1745-1753. [PMID: 28840647 PMCID: PMC5675136 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether inclusion of a refractory period between bouts of low-magnitude mechanical stimulation (LMMS) can curb obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and sequelae in adult mice. METHODS A diet-induced obesity model that included a diet with 45% of kilocalories from fat was employed with intention to treat. C57BL/6J mice were weight matched into four groups: low-fat diet (LFD, n = 8), high-fat diet (HFD, n = 8), HFD with one bout of 30-minute LMMS (HFDv, n = 9), and HFD with two bouts of 15-minute LMMS with a 5-hour separation (refractory period, RHFDv, n = 9). Two weeks of diet was followed by 6 weeks of diet plus LMMS. RESULTS HFD and HFDv mice continued gaining body weight and visceral adiposity throughout the experiment, which was mitigated in RHFDv mice. Compared with LFD mice, HFD and HFDv mice had increased rates of adipocyte hypertrophy, increased immune cell infiltration (B cells, T cells, and macrophages) into adipose tissue, increased adipose tissue inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression), and a decreased proportion of mesenchymal stem cells in adipose tissue, all of which were rescued in RHFDv mice. Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance were elevated in HFD and HFDv mice, but not in RHFDv mice, as compared with LFD mice. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating a 5-hour refractory period between bouts of LMMS attenuates obesity-induced adipose tissue dysfunction and improves glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihitaben S. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - M. Ete Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel M. Pagnotti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Clinton T. Rubin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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31
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Aubertin G, Sayeh A, Dillenseger JP, Ayme-Dietrich E, Choquet P, Niederhoffer N. Comparison of bioimpedance spectroscopy and X-Ray micro-computed tomography for total fat volume measurement in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183523. [PMID: 28817729 PMCID: PMC5560854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are two pathologies whose prevalence are in a constant increase. Evaluation of the total fat mass but also of the distribution between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue are important factors while assessing the pathophysiology of these two pathologies. Computed tomography (CT) and bioimpedance (BIS) are the translational methods the most frequently used in human beings as well as in rodent models in longitudinal studies on adiposity and obesity. Surprisingly, no direct comparison of micro-CT and BIS was reported yet in mice. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the accuracy and the uncertainty of measurement of micro-CT and BIS in this species. The proportion of fat mass was measured with BIS, micro-CT and direct post-mortem tissue weight, and correlations between the data were established to evaluate the accuracy of the methods but also the uncertainty of BIS and micro-CT. There were significant correlations between weights of fat tissues on scale and proportion of total fat mass determined by BIS or micro-CT (r = 0.81 and 0.86 respectively) but both methods overestimated the total fat mass, especially in the smallest animals; overestimation of fat mass was amplified with BIS compared to micro-CT. In addition BIS and micro-CT were highly correlated (r = 0.94). Test-test reliability showed a greater variability of the BIS with respect to the micro-CT (coefficient of variation = 17.2 vs 5.6% respectively). Hence, as far as subtle differences between groups or changes within one group are awaited, micro-CT may appear as the most reliable method for determination of fat mass in mice. Micro-CT, unlike BIS, will also allow to qualitatively and quantitatively differentiate between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues, which is of major importance in studies on adiposity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Aubertin
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire (EA7296), Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amira Sayeh
- Preclinical Imaging Lab, UF 6237, Pôle d’imagerie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, ICube, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dillenseger
- Preclinical Imaging Lab, UF 6237, Pôle d’imagerie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, ICube, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Estelle Ayme-Dietrich
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire (EA7296), Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Choquet
- Preclinical Imaging Lab, UF 6237, Pôle d’imagerie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, ICube, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Niederhoffer
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie Cardiovasculaire (EA7296), Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Berndt S, Konz I, Colin D, Germain S, Pittet-Cuénod B, Klok HA, Modarressi A. * Microcomputed Tomography Technique for In Vivo Three-Dimensional Fat Tissue Volume Evaluation After Polymer Injection. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:964-970. [PMID: 28806898 PMCID: PMC5734152 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering technologies are new and promising techniques in fat tissue reconstruction. However, to assess their efficacy before any clinical application, in vivo experiments are mandatory. This study assesses whether microcomputed tomography (CT) scan imaging is suitable to analyze in vivo the behavior of injected engineered polymer and changes in fat tissue. The volume of mice inguinal fat pads and the resorption rate of different polymers were analyzed by CT scan for up to 3 months. Different biomaterials were used, including our innovative microspheres loaded with oleic acid. We were able to follow in vivo the polymer and the fat volume of the same animals during a long-term follow-up of 90 days. Semiautomatic three-dimensional quantification allowed to determine the fat volume enhancement after injection, as well as the resorption rate of our product compared to other biomaterials (i.e., polylactic and hyaluronic acid) until 90 days. Our results demonstrate the encouraging proof-of-principle evidence for the application of micro-CT scan technology to follow in vivo biodegradable polymers in a fat tissue engineering approach. This noninvasive technique offers the advantages of the long-term follow-up of fat tissue and synthetic materials in the same animals, which allows both a scientific evaluation of the measurements and the reduction of the number of animals used in in vivo protocols in accordance with the 3 "R" principles governing the use of animals in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Berndt
- 1 Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Konz
- 2 Laboratoire des Polymères STI-IMX-LP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Colin
- 3 Centre for BioMedical Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Germain
- 3 Centre for BioMedical Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Pittet-Cuénod
- 1 Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- 2 Laboratoire des Polymères STI-IMX-LP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- 1 Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School, University of Geneva , Geneva, Switzerland
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Tekus E, Miko A, Furedi N, Rostas I, Tenk J, Kiss T, Szitter I, Balasko M, Helyes Z, Wilhelm M, Petervari E. Body fat of rats of different age groups and nutritional states: assessment by micro-CT and skinfold thickness. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 124:268-275. [PMID: 28729394 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00884.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity presents a growing public health problem. Therefore the analysis of body composition is important in clinical practice as well as in animal research models of obesity; hence precise methods for the assessment of body fat would be essential. We aimed to evaluate in vivo abdominal microcomputed tomography scan restricted to the L1-L3 region [micro-CT(L1-L3)], a skinfold thickness-based method (STM), and postmortem body composition analysis (PMA) with regard to whole body micro-CT scan in rats. Male Wistar rats of different age groups (from 3 to 24 mo) and nutritional states (normally fed, high-fat diet-induced obese, and calorie-restricted) were used. The fat percentage was determined with micro-CT(L1-L3) and whole body scan in anesthetized rats. Their skinfold thickness was measured in five locations with a Lange caliper. Wet weights of epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pads were determined via PMA. With regard to fat mass, the strongest correlation was observed between abdominal and whole body micro-CT. The other methods showed weaker associations with whole body micro-CT and with each other. Micro-CT(L1-L3) and PMA showed similar age-associated increase in fat mass between 3 and 18 mo. Micro-CT(L1-L3), STM, and PMA were efficient to detect differences in fat mass values in groups of different nutritional states. Micro-CT(L1-L3) appears to be a useful method for body fat assessment in rats with reduced scanning time. In rats, STM may also be a useful, low priced, noninvasive, and simple in vivo technique to assess obesity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Body fat of rats assessed by in vivo abdominal microcomputed tomography of the L1-L3 region strongly correlates with values determined by whole body scan. Therefore, it is a useful method for fat assessment with reduced scanning time. Skinfold thickness measurement is an in vivo technique to assess progression of obesity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tekus
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Miko
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Nora Furedi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Ildiko Rostas
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Judit Tenk
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre and Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Istvan Szitter
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre and Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Marta Balasko
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Janos Szentagothai Research Centre and Neuroscience Centre, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary.,MTA-PTE NAP-B Chronic Pain Research Group , Hungary
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
| | - Erika Petervari
- Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pecs , Pecs , Hungary
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Blocking FSH induces thermogenic adipose tissue and reduces body fat. Nature 2017; 546:107-112. [PMID: 28538730 DOI: 10.1038/nature22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with bone loss and enhanced visceral adiposity. A polyclonal antibody that targets the β-subunit of the pituitary hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) increases bone mass in mice. Here, we report that this antibody sharply reduces adipose tissue in wild-type mice, phenocopying genetic haploinsufficiency for the Fsh receptor gene Fshr. The antibody also causes profound beiging, increases cellular mitochondrial density, activates brown adipose tissue and enhances thermogenesis. These actions result from the specific binding of the antibody to the β-subunit of Fsh to block its action. Our studies uncover opportunities for simultaneously treating obesity and osteoporosis.
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Chronic intrahypothalamic rather than subcutaneous liraglutide treatment reduces body weight gain and stimulates the melanocortin receptor system. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1263-1270. [PMID: 28507313 PMCID: PMC5550563 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background: The GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide is marketed for obesity treatment where it induces body weight reduction possibly via the hypothalamus, which regulates energy homeostasis. In animal studies, acute liraglutide treatment triggers satiety, weight loss and activates thermogenesis in adipose tissue. However, the precise mechanisms how liraglutide affects in particular chronic weight loss are still under investigation. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate whether chronic hypothalamic or chronic subcutaneous administration of liraglutide induces sustained weight loss through altered adipose tissue function and to what extent hypothalamic neuronal appetite regulators are involved in the liraglutide-induced weight loss in healthy lean rats on a normal diet. Materials/Methods: We continuously administered liraglutide either intrahypothalamically (10 μg per day) or subcutaneously (200 μg kg−1 per day) for 28 days to lean Sprague Dawley rats (n=8 each). We assessed changes in body weight, adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size and adipose tissue volume in the abdominal region by using micro-CT. We analyzed genetic expression patterns of browning, thermogenic and adipocyte differentiation regulators in adipose tissues as well as particular neuronal appetite regulators in the hypothalamus. Results: Intrahypothalamic liraglutide administration induced an 8% body weight reduction at day 9 compared with the control group (P<0.01) and a 7% body weight loss at day 9 compared with subcutaneous liraglutide treatment (P<0.01), supported by a significant reduction in adipose tissue mass and volume with intrahypothalamic liraglutide administration (P<0.05). Our data show that chronic intrahypothalamic liraglutide treatment triggered an 18-fold induction of the hypothalamic mc4r gene (P<0.01) accompanied by a significant increase in circulating thyroxine (T4) levels (P<0.05). Conclusions: Chronic intrahypothalamic liraglutide administration resulted in a profound reduction in body weight and fat mass loss most likely mediated by the hypothalamic melanocortin system rather than by adipose tissue browning or improved thermogenesis.
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Jatkar A, Kurland IJ, Judex S. Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:20-28. [PMID: 27832314 PMCID: PMC5217484 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets high in fat or carbohydrates can lead to obesity and diabetes, two interrelated conditions that have been associated with osteoporosis. Here, we contrasted the effects of a high fat (HF) versus fructose-enriched carbohydrate (CH) versus regular chow (SC) diet on bone morphology, fat content and metabolic balance in BALB/cByJ mice over a 15-week period. For 13 weeks, there were no differences in body mass between groups with small differences in the last 2 weeks. Even without the potentially confounding factor of altered body mass and levels of load bearing, HF consumption was detrimental to bone in the distal femur with lower trabecular bone volume fraction and thinner cortices than controls. These differences in bone were accompanied by twofold greater abdominal fat content and fourfold greater plasma leptin concentrations. High-fat feeding caused a decrease in de-novo lipid synthesis in the liver, kidney, white adipose and brown adipose tissue. In contrast to HF, the fructose diet did not significantly impact bone quantity or architecture. Fructose consumption also did not significantly alter leptin levels or de-novo lipid synthesis but reduced epididymal adipose tissue and increased brown adipose tissue. Cortical stiffness was lower in the CH than in HF mice. There were no differences in glucose or insulin levels between groups. Together, a diet high in fat had a negative influence on bone structure, adipose tissue deposition and lipid synthesis, changes that were largely avoided with a fructose-enriched diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Stefan Judex
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5281, USA.
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Zhang X, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Leung PS, Mak KK. Hedgehog signaling in bone regulates whole-body energy metabolism through a bone-adipose endocrine relay mediated by PTHrP and adiponectin. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:225-237. [PMID: 27740628 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone plays a role in energy metabolism, but the interplay between bone and other organs in this process is not completely understood. Here, we show that upregulated Hh signaling in bones results in increased whole-body energy expenditure, white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, hypoglycemia and skeletal muscle atrophy. We found that Hh signaling induces PTHrP secretion from bones and causes WAT browning. Injection of PTHrP-neutralizing antibody attenuates WAT browning and improves the circulating blood glucose level while high-fat diet treatment only rescues hypoglycemia. Furthermore, bone-derived PTHrP stimulates adiponectin secretion in WAT and results in systemic increase of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake. Mechanistically, PTHrP activates both PKA/cAMP and Akt/Foxo pathways for Ucp1 expression in WAT. PTHrP couples adiponectin actions to activate the AMPK pathway in the skeletal muscles and liver, respectively, for fatty acid oxidation. Our findings establish a new bone-adipose hormonal relay that regulates whole-body energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratories for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shatin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Qianni Cheng
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Thematic Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR
| | - Po Sing Leung
- Reproduction, Development and Endocrinology Thematic Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR
| | - Kinglun Kingston Mak
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratories for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shatin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China.,Stem Cell and Regeneration Thematic Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Marzola P, Boschi F, Moneta F, Sbarbati A, Zancanaro C. Preclinical In vivo Imaging for Fat Tissue Identification, Quantification, and Functional Characterization. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:336. [PMID: 27725802 PMCID: PMC5035738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization, differentiation, and quantitative assessment of fat tissues have always collected the interest of researchers. Nowadays, these topics are even more relevant as obesity (the excess of fat tissue) is considered a real pathology requiring in some cases pharmacological and surgical approaches. Several weight loss medications, acting either on the metabolism or on the central nervous system, are currently under preclinical or clinical investigation. Animal models of obesity have been developed and are widely used in pharmaceutical research. The assessment of candidate drugs in animal models requires non-invasive methods for longitudinal assessment of efficacy, the main outcome being the amount of body fat. Fat tissues can be either quantified in the entire animal or localized and measured in selected organs/regions of the body. Fat tissues are characterized by peculiar contrast in several imaging modalities as for example Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that can distinguish between fat and water protons thank to their different magnetic resonance properties. Since fat tissues have higher carbon/hydrogen content than other soft tissues and bones, they can be easily assessed by Computed Tomography (CT) as well. Interestingly, MRI also discriminates between white and brown adipose tissue (BAT); the latter has long been regarded as a potential target for anti-obesity drugs because of its ability to enhance energy consumption through increased thermogenesis. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) performed with 18F-FDG as glucose analog radiotracer reflects well the metabolic rate in body tissues and consequently is the technique of choice for studies of BAT metabolism. This review will focus on the main, non-invasive imaging techniques (MRI, CT, and PET) that are fundamental for the assessment, quantification and functional characterization of fat deposits in small laboratory animals. The contribution of optical techniques, which are currently regarded with increasing interest, will be also briefly described. For each technique the physical principles of signal detection will be overviewed and some relevant studies will be summarized. Far from being exhaustive, this review has the purpose to highlight some strategies that can be adopted for the in vivo identification, quantification, and functional characterization of adipose tissues mainly from the point of view of biophysics and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
| | - Francesco Moneta
- Preclinical Imaging Division – Bruker BioSpin, Bruker Italia s.r.l, MilanoItaly
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
| | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
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Consul N, Guo X, Coker C, Lopez-Pintado S, Hibshoosh H, Zhao B, Kalinsky K, Acharyya S. Monitoring Metastasis and Cachexia in a Patient with Breast Cancer: A Case Study. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2016; 10:83-94. [PMID: 27660506 PMCID: PMC5019129 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s40479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia, a wasting syndrome associated with advanced cancer and metastasis, is rarely documented in breast cancer patients. However, the incidence of cachexia in breast cancer is now thought to be largely underestimated. In our case report of a breast cancer patient with bone metastasis monitored during the course of her treatment, we document the development of cachexia by image analysis in relation to her metastatic burden. Elucidation of the link between metastatic burden and cachexia could unveil a highly specific screening process for metastasis, by assessing true muscle mass loss. Our patient was a 49-year-old premenopausal woman, with metastatic invasive ductal breast carcinoma in the vertebral and iliac bones on presentation, which progressed with new metastases to her hips, thigh bones, and vertebrae. In the two-year period, that is between her diagnosis and death, she lost >10% of her baseline weight. During these two years, we retrospectively identified a decrease in paraspinal muscle (PM) at the third lumbar vertebra followed by a sharp decline in weight. The increased tumor burden over time in metastatic sites was accompanied by a decrease in abdominal muscle and visceral and subcutaneous fat and was followed by the patient’s demise. The increasing tumor burden in the patient was correlated with the mass of other tissues to determine the tissue that could best serve as a surrogate marker to cachexia and tumor burden. We noted a strong negative correlation between PM area and metastatic tumor area at the third lumbar vertebral level, with PM loss correlating to increasing tumor burden. The monitoring of PM wasting may serve as a marker, and therefore a prognostic factor, for both cachexia and extent of metastatic disease, especially in breast cancer, where metastasis to bone is frequent. Based on our data and review of the literature in this case study, longitudinal monitoring of cachexia in the selected muscle groups can give clinicians early indications of the extent of cachexia in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Consul
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Xiaotao Guo
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney Coker
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Lopez-Pintado
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanina Hibshoosh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Binsheng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Kalinsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swarnali Acharyya
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Saad AF, Dickerson J, Kechichian TB, Yin H, Gamble P, Salazar A, Patrikeev I, Motamedi M, Saade GR, Costantine MM. High-fructose diet in pregnancy leads to fetal programming of hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity in adult offspring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:378.e1-6. [PMID: 27060421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of fructose-rich diets in the United States is on the rise and thought to be associated with obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the effects of antenatal exposure to high-fructose diet on offspring's development of metabolic syndrome-like phenotype and other cardiovascular disease risk factors later in life. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant C57BL/6J dams were randomly allocated to fructose solution (10% wt/vol, n = 10) or water (n = 10) as the only drinking fluid from day 1 of pregnancy until delivery. After weaning, pups were started on regular chow, and evaluated at 1 year of life. We measured percent visceral adipose tissue and liver fat infiltrates using computed tomography, and blood pressure using CODA nonivasive monitor. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing with corresponding insulin concentrations were obtained. Serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, leptin, and adiponectin were measured in duplicate using standardized assays. Fasting homeostatic model assessment was also calculated to assess insulin resistance. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Maternal weight, pup number, and average weight at birth were similar between the 2 groups. Male and female fructose group offspring had higher peak glucose and area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing curve compared with control, and higher mean arterial pressure compared to control. Female fructose group offspring were heavier and had higher percent visceral adipose tissue, liver fat infiltrates, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance scores, insulin area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance testing curve, and serum concentrations of leptin, and lower concentrations of adiponectin compared to female control offspring. No significant differences in these parameters were noted in male offspring. Serum concentrations of triglycerides or total cholesterol were not different between the 2 groups for either gender. CONCLUSION Maternal intake of high fructose leads to fetal programming of adult obesity, hypertension, and metabolic dysfunction, all risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This fetal programming is more pronounced in female offspring. Limiting intake of high fructose-enriched diets in pregnancy may have significant impact on long-term health.
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Hampel JA, Rinkinen J, Peterson JR, Agarwal S, Loder S, Eboda O, Enchakalody B, Wang SC, Buchman SR, Levi B. Early Development of the Mouse Morphome. J Craniofac Surg 2016; 27:621-6. [PMID: 27100641 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analytical morphomics focuses on extracting objective and quantifiable data from clinical computed tomography (CT) scans to measure patients' frailty. Studies are currently retrospective in nature; therefore, it would be beneficial to develop animal models for well-controlled, prospective studies. The aim of this study is to develop an in vivo microCT protocol for the longitudinal acquisition of whole-body images suitable for morphomic analyses of bone. METHODS The authors performed phantom studies on 2 microCT systems (Inveon and CT120) to study tissue radiodensity and further characterize system performance for collecting animal data. The authors also describe their design of a phantom-immobilization device using phantoms and an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse. RESULTS The authors discovered increased consistency along the z-axis for scans acquired on the Inveon compared with CT120, and calibration by individual slice reduces variability. Objects in the field of view had more impact on measurement acquired using the CT120 compared with the Inveon. The authors also found that using the middle 80% of slices for data analysis further decreased variability, on both systems. Moreover, bone-mineral-density calibration using the QCT Pro Mini phantom improved bone-mineral-density estimates across energy spectra, which helped confirm our technique. Comparison of weekly body weights and terminal uterine mass between sham and OVX groups validated our model. DISCUSSION The authors present a refined microCT protocol to collect reliable and objective data. This data will be used to establish a platform for research animal morphomics that can be used to test hypotheses developed from clinical human morphomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Hampel
- *Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine†Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Liao AH, Jiang CB, Li CC, Chuang HC, Chiang Chiau JS, Chan WT, Yeung CY, Cheng ML, Lee HC. Combining ultrasound and lactobacilli treatment for high-fat-diet-induced obesity in mice. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:703-712. [PMID: 27020164 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation can cause obesity. In animal experiments, lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit obesity by modifying the gut microbiota, controlling inflammation and influencing the associated gene expression. A previous study found that high-fat-diet-induced (HFD) obesity was suppressed by lactobacilli ingestion in rats via the inhibition of parasympathetic nerve activity. This study explored the combined use of lactobacilli ingestion and ultrasound (US) to control body weight and body fat deposition in HFD mice over an 8-week experimental period. Male C57BL/6J mice received an HFD during treatment and were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group (H), (ii) lactobacilli alone (HB), (iii) US alone (HU) and (iv) lactobacilli combined with US (HUB). The US was targeted at the inguinal portion of the epididymal fat pad on the right side. At the 8th week, body weight had decreased significantly in the HUB group (15.56 ± 1.18%, mean ± SD) group compared with the HU (26.63 ± 0.96%) and H (32.62 ± 5.03%) groups (p < 0.05). High-resolution microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans revealed that the reduction in total body fat volume was significantly greater in the HUB group (69%) than in the other two experimental groups (HB, 52%; HU, 37%; p < 0.05). The reductions in the thickness of the subcutaneous epididymal fat pads were significantly greater in the HUB group (final thickness: 340 ± 7 μm) than in the H (final thickness: 1150 ± 21 μm), HB (final thickness: 1060 ± 18 μm) and HU (final thickness: 370 ± 5 μm) groups (all p < 0.05). Combination therapy with lactobacilli and US appears to enhance the reduction in body weight, total and local body fat deposition, adipocyte size and plasma lipid levels over an 8-week period over that achieved with lactobacilli or US alone in HFD mice. These results indicate that US treatment alone can reduce hyperlipidemia in HFD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-H Liao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of medical engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-B Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-C Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-C Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Manufacturing Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-S Chiang Chiau
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - W-T Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Yeung
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical School, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - M-L Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - H-C Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical School, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Fowler LA, Dennis LN, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Watts SA, Smith DL. In Vivo Determination of Body Composition in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by Quantitative Magnetic Resonance. Zebrafish 2016; 13:170-6. [PMID: 26974510 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model research organism continues to expand its relevance and role in multiple research disciplines, with recent work directed toward models of metabolism, nutrition, and energetics. Multiple technologies exist to assess body composition in animal research models at various levels of detail (tissues/organs, body regions, and whole organism). The development and/or validation of body composition assessment tools can open new areas of research questions for a given organism. Using fish from a comparative nutrition study, quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) assessment of whole body fat and fat-free mass (FFM) in live fish was performed. QMR measures from two cohorts (n = 26 and n = 27) were compared with chemical carcass analysis (CCA) of FM and FFM. QMR was significantly correlated with chemical carcass values (fat, p < 0.001; lean, p = 0.002), although QMR significantly overestimated fat mass (FM) (0.011 g; p < 0.0001) and underestimated FFM (-0.024 g; p < 0.0001) relative to CCA. In a separate cross-validation group of fish, prediction equations corrected carcass values for FM (p = 0.121) and FFM (p = 0.753). These results support the utilization of QMR-a nonlethal nondestructive method-for cross-sectional or longitudinal body composition assessment outcomes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Adele Fowler
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lacey N Dennis
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Jeff Barry
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mickie L Powell
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen A Watts
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel L Smith
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,3 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Nozaki Y, Fujita K, Wada K, Yoneda M, Shinohara Y, Imajo K, Ogawa Y, Kessoku T, Nakamuta M, Saito S, Masaki N, Nagashima Y, Terauchi Y, Nakajima A. Deficiency of eNOS exacerbates early-stage NAFLD pathogenesis by changing the fat distribution. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:177. [PMID: 26678309 PMCID: PMC4683865 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many factors and molecules that are closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been reported, the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of eNOS-derived NO in NAFLD pathogenesis using systemic eNOS-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods eNOS-knockout and wild-type mice were fed a basal diet or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Lipid accumulation and inflammation were evaluated in the liver, and various factors that are closely associated with NAFLD/NASH and hepatic tissue blood flow were analyzed. Results Lipid accumulation and inflammation were more extensive in the liver and lipid accumulation was less extensive in the visceral fat tissue in eNOS-knockout mice, compared with wild-type mice, after 12 weeks of being fed a high-fat diet. While systemic insulin resistance was comparable between the eNOS-knockout and wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet, hepatic tissue blood flow was significantly suppressed in the eNOS-knockout mice, compared with the wild-type mice, in mice fed a high-fat diet. The microsomal triglyceride transfer protein activity was down-regulated in eNOS-knockout mice, compared with wild-type mice, in mice fed a high-fat diet. Conclusions A deficiency of eNOS-derived NO may exacerbate the early-stage of NASH pathogenesis by changing the fat distribution in a mouse model via the regulation of hepatic tissue blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8655, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, 1-8 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyasu Shinohara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nakamuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyushu Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, 1-8-1, Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, 810-8563, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Masaki
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1, Konodai, 272-8516, Ichikawa, China, Japan.
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women`s Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Adipocyte-Specific Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α Deficiency Exacerbates Obesity-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Metabolic Dysregulation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 36:376-93. [PMID: 26572826 PMCID: PMC4719429 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00430-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a central regulator for white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue adaptation in the course of obesity. Here we show that deletion of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2α) in adipocytes (by using Fabp4-Cre transgenic mice) but not in myeloid or endothelial cells negatively impacted WAT angiogenesis and promoted WAT inflammation, WAT dysfunction, hepatosteatosis, and systemic insulin resistance in obesity. Importantly, adipocyte HIF2α regulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis of obese BAT as well as its thermogenic function. Consistently, obese adipocyte-specific HIF2α-deficient mice displayed BAT dysregulation, associated with reduced levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and a dysfunctional thermogenic response to cold exposure. VEGF administration reversed WAT and BAT inflammation and BAT dysfunction in adipocyte HIF2α-deficient mice. Together, our findings show that adipocyte HIF2α is protective against maladaptation to obesity and metabolic dysregulation by promoting angiogenesis in both WAT and BAT and by counteracting obesity-mediated BAT dysfunction.
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DeMambro VE, Le PT, Guntur AR, Maridas DE, Canalis E, Nagano K, Baron R, Clemmons DR, Rosen CJ. Igfbp2 Deletion in Ovariectomized Mice Enhances Energy Expenditure but Accelerates Bone Loss. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4129-40. [PMID: 26230658 PMCID: PMC4606757 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported sexually dimorphic bone mass and body composition phenotypes in Igfbp2(-/-) mice (-/-), where male mice exhibited decreased bone and increased fat mass, whereas female mice displayed increased bone but no changes in fat mass. To investigate the interaction between IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and estrogen, we subjected Igfbp2 -/- and +/+ female mice to ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery at 8 weeks of age. At 20 weeks of age, mice underwent metabolic cage analysis and insulin tolerance tests before killing. At harvest, femurs were collected for microcomputed tomography, serum for protein levels, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) adipose depots for histology, gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration analysis of whole tissue. In +/+ mice, serum IGFBP-2 dropped 30% with OVX. In the absence of IGFBP-2, OVX had no effect on preformed BAT; however, there was significant "browning" of the IWAT depot coinciding with less weight gain, increased insulin sensitivity, lower intraabdominal fat, and increased bone loss due to higher resorption and lower formation. Likewise, after OVX, energy expenditure, physical activity and BAT mitochondrial respiration were decreased less in the OVX-/- compared with OVX+/+. Mitochondrial respiration of IWAT was reduced in OVX+/+ yet remained unchanged in OVX-/- mice. These changes were associated with significant increases in Fgf21 and Foxc2 expression, 2 proteins known for their insulin sensitizing and browning of WAT effects. We conclude that estrogen deficiency has a profound effect on body and bone composition in the absence of IGFBP-2 and may be related to changes in fibroblast growth factor 21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E DeMambro
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Phuong T Le
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - David E Maridas
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Kenichi Nagano
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Roland Baron
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - David R Clemmons
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute (V.E.M., P.T.L., A.R.G., D.E.M., C.J.R.), Scarborough, Maine 04074; Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Medicine (E.C.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032; Department of Medicine (K.N., R.B.), Harvard Medical School and Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and University of North Carolina (D.R.C.), Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
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Agrawal AK, Singh B, Kashyap YS, Shukla M, Sarkar PS, Sinha A. Design, development and first experiments on the X-ray imaging beamline at Indus-2 synchrotron source RRCAT, India. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:1531-1539. [PMID: 26524319 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515016276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A full-field hard X-ray imaging beamline (BL-4) was designed, developed, installed and commissioned recently at the Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source at RRCAT, Indore, India. The bending-magnet beamline is operated in monochromatic and white beam mode. A variety of imaging techniques are implemented such as high-resolution radiography, propagation- and analyzer-based phase contrast imaging, real-time imaging, absorption and phase contrast tomography etc. First experiments on propagation-based phase contrast imaging and micro-tomography are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Agrawal
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 85, India
| | - B Singh
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 85, India
| | - Y S Kashyap
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 85, India
| | - M Shukla
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 85, India
| | - P S Sarkar
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 85, India
| | - Amar Sinha
- Neutron and X-ray Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 85, India
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Perilli E, Cantley M, Marino V, Crotti TN, Smith MD, Haynes DR, Dharmapatni AASSK. Quantifying not only bone loss, but also soft tissue swelling, in a murine inflammatory arthritis model using micro-computed tomography. Scand J Immunol 2015; 81:142-50. [PMID: 25424522 PMCID: PMC4329396 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In rodent models of inflammatory arthritis, bone erosion has been non-invasively assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). However, non-invasive assessments of paw swelling (oedema) are still based on clinical grading by visual evaluation, or measurements by callipers, not always reliable for the tiny mouse paws. The aim of this work was to demonstrate a novel straightforward 3D micro-CT analysis protocol capable of quantifying not only joint bone erosion, but also soft tissue swelling, from the same scans, in a rodent inflammatory arthritis model. Balb/c mice were divided into two groups: collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) and CAIA treated with prednisolone, the latter reflecting an established treatment in human rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical paw scores were recorded. On day 10, front paws were assessed by micro-CT and histology. Micro-CT measurements included paw volume (bone and soft tissue together) and bone volume at the radiocarpal joint, and bone volume from the radiocarpal to the metacarpophalangeal joint. Micro-CT analysis revealed significantly lower paw volume (−36%, P < 0.01) and higher bone volume (+17%, P < 0.05) in prednisolone-treated CAIA mice compared with untreated CAIA mice. Paw volume and bone volume assessed by micro-CT correlated significantly with clinical and histological scores (|r| > 0.5, P < 0.01). Untreated CAIA mice showed significantly higher clinical scores, higher inflammation levels histologically, cartilage and bone degradation, and pannus formation, compared with treated mice (P < 0.01). The presented novel micro-CT analysis protocol enables 3D-quantification of paw swelling at the micrometre level, along with the typically assessed bone erosion, using the same images/scans, without altering the scanning procedure or using contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perilli
- Medical Device Research Institute, School of Computer Science, Engineering & Mathematics, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Hwang I, Park YJ, Kim YR, Kim YN, Ka S, Lee HY, Seong JK, Seok YJ, Kim JB. Alteration of gut microbiota by vancomycin and bacitracin improves insulin resistance via glucagon-like peptide 1 in diet-induced obesity. FASEB J 2015; 29:2397-411. [PMID: 25713030 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, 2 major phyla of gut microbiota, are involved in lipid and bile acid metabolism to maintain systemic energy homeostasis in host. Recently, accumulating evidence has suggested that dietary changes promptly induce the alteration of abundance of both Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the metabolic roles of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes on such disease states remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of antibiotic-induced depletion of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes on dysregulation of energy homeostasis in obesity. Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with the antibiotics (vancomycin [V] and bacitracin [B]), in the drinking water, before diet-induced obesity (DIO) greatly decreased both Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gut as revealed by pyrosequencing of the microbial 16S rRNA gene. Concomitantly, systemic glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance in DIO were ameliorated via augmentation of GLP-1 secretion (active form; 2.03-fold, total form; 5.09-fold) independently of obesity as compared with untreated DIO controls. Furthermore, there were increases in metabolically beneficial metabolites derived from the gut. Together, our data suggest that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes potentially mediate insulin resistance through modulation of GLP-1 secretion in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injae Hwang
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Park
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ran Kim
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sojeong Ka
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Young Lee
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Seok
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- *Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Evaluating invasive and non-invasive methods to determine fat content in the laboratory mouse. Open Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the midst of an obesity epidemic in humans, diet induced obesity studies in rodents are fundamental to unravel the complex mechanisms underlying this disease, ultimately resulting in the identification of new preventative and therapeutic strategies. The current study was designed to determine if high throughput multiobject CT scanning was capable of providing precise quantification of adipose tissue in C57BL/6 mice when benchmarked to the gold standard method for evaluating fat mass (freeze drying). We report a strong correlation between body weight alone and fat percentage in our mouse cohort (20 g-40 g, r = 0.95). The gonadal fat depot was identified as the most accurate single predictor of total fat mass (r = 0.931). Importantly, we observed a high positive correlation between both live tissue weight and dissected adipose tissue when correlated to CT predictions (r ≥ 0.862), suggesting CT can accurately be used to predict total fat mass/percentage and non-fat mass/percentage in our cohort. We conclude that the use of multi-object in vivo CT fat quantification is cost effective, accurate and minimally invasive technique in the genetic manipulation era to exploit lean/obese genes in the study of diet induced obesity, allowing longitudinal studies to be completed in a high throughput manner.
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