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Khoury N, Martínez MÁ, Paz-Graniel I, Martínez-González MÁ, Corella D, Castañer O, Martínez JA, Alonso-Gómez ÁM, Wärnberg J, Vioque J, Romaguera D, López-Miranda J, Estruch R, Tinahones FJ, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem JL, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Tur JA, Sanjurjo SC, Pintó X, Gaforio JJ, Matía-Martín P, Vidal J, Vázquez C, Daimiel L, Ros E, Sayon-Orea C, Sorli JV, Pérez-Vega KA, Garcia-Rios A, Bellvert NG, Gómez-Gracia E, Zulet MA, Chaplin A, Casas R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Tojal-Sierra L, Bernal-Lopez MR, Vazquez Z, Asensio EM, Goday A, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Pastor AS, Garcia-Arellano A, Fitó M, Babio N, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, adiposity and obesity status. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115697. [PMID: 36972775 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The principal source of exposure to Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) in humans comes from food intake. PCDD/Fs, are a family of potential endocrine disruptors and have been associated with different chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. However, studies assessing the relationship between dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs and adiposity or obesity status in a middle-aged population are limited. OBJECTIVE To assess cross-sectionally and longitudinally the associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PCDD/Fs and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the prevalence/incidence of obesity and abdominal obesity in a middle-aged population. METHODS In 5899 participants aged 55-75 years (48% women) living with overweight/obesity from the PREDIMED-plus cohort, PCDD/Fs DI was estimated using a 143-item validated food-frequency questionnaire, and the levels of food PCDD/F expressed as Toxic Equivalents (TEQ). Consequently, cross-sectional and prospective associations between baseline PCDD/Fs DI (in pgTEQ/week) and adiposity or obesity status were assessed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up using multivariable cox, logistic or linear regression models. RESULTS Compared to participants in the first PCDD/F DI tertile, those in the highest tertile presented a higher BMI (β-coefficient [confidence interval]) (0.43kg/m2 [0.22; 0.64]; P-trend <0.001), a higher waist circumference (1.11 cm [0.55; 1.66]; P-trend <0.001), and a higher prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (1.05 [1.01; 1.09] and 1.02 [1.00; 1.03]; P-trend = 0.09 and 0.027, respectively). In the prospective analysis, participants in the top PCDD/F DI baseline tertile showed an increase in waist circumference compared with those in the first tertile after 1-year of follow-up (β-coefficient 0.37 cm [0.06; 0.70]; P-trend = 0.015). CONCLUSION Higher DI of PCDD/Fs was positively associated with adiposity parameters and obesity status at baseline and with changes in waist circumference after 1-year of follow-up in subjects living with overweight/obesity. Further large prospective studies using a different population with longer follow-up periods are warranted in the future to strengthen our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Khoury
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica I Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica I Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica I Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital Del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal D`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel M Alonso-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Julia Wärnberg
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició I Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Virgen de La Victoria Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA). University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Lluís Serra-Majem
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria & Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sergio Cinza Sanjurjo
- CS Milladoiro, Área Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Instituto de Investigación de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) , Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - José Juan Gaforio
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencias de La Salud, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Olivar y Aceites de Oliva, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Pilar Matía-Martín
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Institut D'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clotilde Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Fundación Jimenez Díaz. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IISFJD. University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group. Precision Nutrition and Obesity Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorli
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital Del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal D`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia-Rios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; EpiPHAAN Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Málaga - Instituto de Investigación Biomédica en Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - M A Zulet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health Program. IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Chaplin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Recerca en Nutrició I Seguretat Alimentària (INSA), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucas Tojal-Sierra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Area; Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Bernal-Lopez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine Clinical Management Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND), Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Zenaida Vazquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva M Asensio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital Del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal D`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia J Peña-Orihuela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Signes Pastor
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante. Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH). Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Garcia-Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital Del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal D`Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica I Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y La Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica I Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
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Abstract
Introduction The transfer of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from a contaminated environment into the food chain is a serious consumer safety problem. As part of the Polish National Surveillance Program of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in food of animal origin, a concentration of PCDD/Fs of 4.61 ± 0.75 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat was determined in a sample of free-range eggs, which exceeded the permitted limit of 2.5 pg WHO-TEQ/g. The aim of the study was to investigate the source of the egg contamination and the risk for the eggs’ consumers. Materials and methods Eggs, muscles, feed and soil from the place where backyard waste burning had been carried out in the past and ash from a household stove tipped onto the paddock were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results The concentration in ash was low at 0.20 pg WHO-TEQ/g and the congener profile did not indicate the source of contamination. The dioxin content in soil from the backyard waste-burning site was 2.53 pg WHO-TEQ/g dry matter (d.m.) and the soil’s profile of PCDD/F congeners matched the profile of the contaminated eggs. Conclusion By reason of the congener profile similarity, the investigation concluded, that the cause of the contamination was the backyard waste-burning site soil which the animals had access to. Frequent consumption of contaminated eggs from the analysed farm could pose a health risk due to chronic exposure, especially for vulnerable consumers.
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Dioxin and PCB residues in meats from Italy: Consumer dietary exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110717. [PMID: 31356912 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate PCB and PCDD/F concentrations and potential human health risk a study has been conducted in meat samples (beef, pork, chicken and turkey) purchased from Italian supermarkets. PCBs were dominant (41.8-77.7 ng g-1 l.w.) with respect to PCDD/Fs (20.1-91.1 pg g-1 l.w.). The levels were variable and largely dependent upon the type of meat. Accumulation pattern showed a distribution typically reported for meat. PCBs tended to decrease from lowest to highest congeners, while for PCDD/Fs the concentration profile was dominated by highly chlorinated dioxins and furans. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs and indicator PCBs exceeding the EU maximum permissible levels were found in 23.3% and 53.3% of the samples, respectively. Exposure estimates to PCDD/Fs plus dl-PCBs (0.08-4.16 pg WHO-TEQs kg-1 b.w. w.-1) were within the new limit proposed by the EFSA's expert panel, except for pork sausage, showing a twofold higher value. Concerning the exposure derived from indicator PCBs, the maximum level set by different European countries (10 ng kg-1 b.w. d.-1) was surpassed solely via consumption of pork sausage (17.22 ng kg-1 b.w. d.-1), thought also the estimated intake from hamburger consumption (6.88 ng kg-1 b.w. d.-1) merits attention being close to guideline limit.
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Franchini AM, Myers JR, Jin GB, Shepherd DM, Lawrence BP. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Novel AhR Targets That Regulate Dendritic Cell Function during Influenza A Virus Infection. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:219-235. [PMID: 31356168 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the ligand inducible aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) during primary influenza A virus infection diminishes host responses by negatively regulating the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to prime naive CD8+ T cells, which reduces the generation of CTL. However, AhR-regulated genes and signaling pathways in DCs are not fully known. In this study, we used unbiased gene expression profiling to identify differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in DCs that are modulated by AhR activation in vivo. Using the prototype AhR agonist TCDD, we identified the lectin receptor Cd209a (DC-SIGN) and chemokine Ccl17 as novel AhR target genes. We further show the percentage of DCs expressing CD209a on their surface was significantly decreased by AhR activation during infection. Whereas influenza A virus infection increased CCL17 protein levels in the lung and lung-draining lymph nodes, this was significantly reduced following AhR activation. Targeted excision of AhR in the hematopoietic compartment confirmed AhR is required for downregulation of CCL17 and CD209a. Loss of AhR's functional DNA-binding domain demonstrates that AhR activation alone is necessary but not sufficient to drive downregulation. AhR activation induced similar changes in gene expression in human monocyte-derived DCs. Analysis of the murine and human upstream regulatory regions of Cd209a and Ccl17 revealed a suite of potential transcription factor partners for AhR, which may coregulate these genes in vivo. This study highlights the breadth of AhR-regulated pathways within DCs, and that AhR likely interacts with other transcription factors to modulate DC functions during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Franchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Guang-Bi Jin
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - David M Shepherd
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and.,Center for Translational Medicine, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642;
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Ravenscroft J, Schell LM. Patterns of PCB exposure among Akwesasne adolescents: The role of dietary and inhalation pathways. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:963-972. [PMID: 30359956 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study is to determine if consumption of fish and other dietary elements are related to the serum PCB levels of a group of adolescents. A dietary pattern approach is used to provide a more complete dietary exposure profile rather than a single food/group approach. Additionally, dietary patterns are examined in relation to traditional PCB groupings as well as derived PCB congener profiles. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING AND METHODS The sample is comprised of 246 Mohawk adolescents between the ages of 10-16.9 years of age residing at the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation. Food frequency data was collected and serum PCB levels were (101 congeners) quantitated during a cross-sectional study investigating adolescent exposure to environmental pollutants. RESULTS Principal component analysis identified four dietary patterns: "well-rounded" "snacks and sweets" "fruits and vegetables" "fish and dairy" and four PCB congener profiles: "1248-like", Persistent/"1260-like", "mono-ortho", and "1254-like". In a multiple regression models, the "fish and dairy" dietary or traditional PCB determinants (age, sex, prior breastfeeding, BMI, pattern) were each predictors of one or more of three of the identified PCB congener profiles. However, the "1248-like" pattern was not related to either dietary pattern or any of the typical PCB determinants, suggesting an alternative source/exposure pathway for this congener profile. CONCLUSION Even relatively low levels of fish consumption within the composite dietary matrix of adolescents at Akwesasne remains a pathway of exposure to postnatally acquired PCBs. In addition, there is evidence of an unidentified, perhaps airborne, exposure pathway that warrants further attention as this congener profile accounted for 50% of the total variance within the adolescents' serum PCB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ravenscroft
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, USA; Center for the Elimination of Minority Health Disparities, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, USA; Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, One University Place, Room 131, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Wu WL, Deng XL, Zhou SJ, Liang H, Yang XF, Wen J, Li XM, Zhang CZ, Zhang YH, Zou F. Levels, congener profiles, and dietary intake assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in beef, freshwater fish, and pork marketed in Guangdong Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:412-421. [PMID: 28988077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) consisting of non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs are suggested to be very hazardous and have adverse effects on human health. However, their levels and congener profiles in retail foods marketed in Guangdong Province of China have not been elucidated thus far. Thus, in this study, 226 individual samples of beef, freshwater fish, and pork marketed across four regions of Guangdong Province were randomly collected during 2013-2015 to determine their levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. The results showed that the total toxic equivalency quantities (TEQs) of most samples were below the maximum limits except for the 26 samples collected from the vicinities of pollution areas. The median total TEQs of these three categories were 0.174, 0.488, and 0.113pgTEQ/g fw, respectively, which indicated that the contamination status of the studied foods was not serious. For congener profiles, significantly different patterns were observed in three food groups, but with the same major TEQ contributors being 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in beef, freshwater fish, and pork. Regional differences of congener profiles in each food group were also found in this study, which might be attributed to the regionally different distributions of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in environment media. The dietary exposures of four population subgroups (girls, boys, male adults, and female adults) to PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs via three food groups were estimated to assessed the potential risks. They were all lower than the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI, 70pgTEQ/kgbw/month) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive. In these food categories, the exposure to PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs via freshwater fish was the highest one, which accounted for about 20% of PTMI, indicating that it was the major route to expose dioxin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangzhou Punuo Environmental Testing and Technology Service Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Jian Wen
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Guangzhou Punuo Environmental Testing and Technology Service Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, PR China; National Testing Center for Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong), Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Foshan 528300, PR China
| | - Chao-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China.
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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7
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Lundebye AK, Lock EJ, Rasinger JD, Nøstbakken OJ, Hannisdal R, Karlsbakk E, Wennevik V, Madhun AS, Madsen L, Graff IE, Ørnsrud R. Lower levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants, metals and the marine omega 3-fatty acid DHA in farmed compared to wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:49-59. [PMID: 28189073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants and fatty acid levels in farmed- versus wild Atlantic salmon have been a hot topic of debate in terms of food safety. The present study determined dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), metals and fatty acids in wild and farmed Atlantic salmon. Contaminant levels of dioxins, PCBs, OCPs (DDT, dieldrin, lindane, chlordane, Mirex, and toxaphene), and mercury were higher in wild salmon than in farmed salmon, as were the concentrations of the essential elements selenium, copper, zinc and iron, and the marine omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). PBDE, endosulfan, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, cadmium and lead levels were low and comparable in both wild and farmed fish, and there was no significant difference in the marine omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration. The total fat content was significantly higher in farmed than wild salmon due to a higher content of both saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as a higher content of omega-6 fatty acids. The omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acid ratio was considerably lower in farmed than wild salmon due to the high level of omega-6 fatty acids. Contaminant concentrations in Atlantic salmon were well below maximum levels applicable in the European Union. Atlantic salmon, both farmed and wild, is a good source of EPA and DHA with a 200g portion per week contributing 3.2g or 2.8g respectively, being almost twice the intake considered adequate for adults by the European Food Safety Authority (i.e. 250mg/day or 1.75g/week).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrine Lundebye
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Erik-Jan Lock
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Josef D Rasinger
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole Jakob Nøstbakken
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rita Hannisdal
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Egil Karlsbakk
- Institute of Marine Research,, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar Wennevik
- Institute of Marine Research,, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Abdullah S Madhun
- Institute of Marine Research,, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Eide Graff
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Robin Ørnsrud
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), PO Box 2029, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway
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8
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San Martin BV, Pizarro-Aránguiz N, García-Mendoza D, Araya-Jordan C, Maddaleno A, Abad E, Galbán-Malagón CJ. A four-year survey in the farming region of Chile, occurrence and human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, and dioxin -like polychlorinated biphenyls in different raw meats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1278-1286. [PMID: 27387813 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the first time in South America, a four-year survey (2011-2014) was conducted to assess the occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in different raw meats (bovine, pork, ovine, chicken, and turkey) sampled from ten of the fifteen regions of Chile. When expressed as pg World Health Organization Toxic Equivalent (WHO-TEQ2005)g-1 fat, the highest PCDD/F values for each species were 0.54 (bovine-2012), 0.27 (pork-2013), 0.23 (ovine-2011), 0.61 (chickens-2013), and 0.34 (turkey-2012). The highest mean dl-PCBs levels were 0.18 (bovine-2011), 0.05 (pork-2014), 0.13 (ovine-2011), 0.1 (chicken-2014), and 0.21 (turkey-2013). Penta- and tetra-chlorinated congeners dominated PCDD/F WHO-TEQ2005 profiles during the survey, while PCB 126 dominated dl-PCBs profiles. Statistically significant interspecies differences were found. Dietary intake was also estimated, and the highest total PCDD/F and dl-PCBs values, found in poultry meat, were 0.09pgWHO-TEQ2005kg-1bwd-1 (2013) for adults and 0.36pgWHO-TEQ2005kg-1bwd-1 (2013) for children. The concentrations and dietary intakes for the studied compounds in raw meat were below international and national maximum permitted limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V San Martin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - N Pizarro-Aránguiz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile.
| | - D García-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Araya-Jordan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - A Maddaleno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - E Abad
- Laboratory of Dioxins, Environmental Chemistry Department, IDÆA (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C J Galbán-Malagón
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidad Andres Bello, Chile.
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9
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Rocha DAM, Torres JPM, Reichel K, Novotny EH, Estrella LF, Medeiros RO, Netto ADP. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in Brazilian cow milk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:177-184. [PMID: 27497035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in raw cow milks have never been reported in Brazil. Since the consumption of food of animal origin, including milk and dairy products, is the major source of human exposure to these compounds, this study aimed to establish the levels and profile of seven PCDDs and ten PCDFs in raw cow milk samples collected in eight Brazilian states which among the major milk producer states. Raw milk samples were collected in 34 different dairy cattle farms during the summer of 2013. All PCDD/Fs congeners were found at least in some of the 34 samples studied. The octa-chlorinated congeners (OCDD and OCDF) were ubiquitous and also present in high concentrations. The mean values of WHO-TEQ1998;2005 were respectively 1.66 and 1.36pgTEQg-1 fat and samples taken in São Paulo showed the highest WHO-TEQ values (2.46 TEQ1998g-1 fat and 2.10pgTEQ2005g-1 fat). Although all samples showed some contamination level, all values were below the limit established by European Union for total PCDD/Fs in cow milk (3pgWHO-TEQ1998g-1 fat). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that OCDD and OCDF were responsible for 73% and 20% of the total data variance, respectively and they presented an independent behavior, probably as a result of distinct origins. The use of TEQ as weights in the PCA, revealed the importance of the penta-chloro congeners and it was possible to identify sample distribution patterns probably associated with the main PeCDD and PeCDF. The importance of local sources to PCDD/Fs concentrations is still to be evaluated and determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayse A M Rocha
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Integrated Petroleum Expertise-IPEXCo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - João P M Torres
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Klaus Reichel
- Integrated Petroleum Expertise-IPEXCo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo F Estrella
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rebeca O Medeiros
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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10
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van den Dungen MW, Kok DE, Polder A, Hoogenboom RLAP, van Leeuwen SPJ, Steegenga WT, Kampman E, Murk AJ. Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in consumers of eel from polluted rivers compared to marketable eel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:80-88. [PMID: 27697634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, many river sediments are seriously contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) known to accumulate in aquatic food. In the Netherlands, toxicological risks of human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds led to a ban on eel fishing in the Rhine-Meuse delta. The aim of this study is to investigate differences in serum POP levels in consumers of eel from high-polluted areas and consumers of eel from low-polluted areas or aquaculture. In total 80 Dutch men were included, aged 40-70 years, with a habitual eel consumption of at least one portion (150 g) per month. Total levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds were measured in serum of all participants with the DR CALUX bioassay, validated with GC-MS. For a subgroup of 38 participants extensive POP measurements were performed. We revealed that consumption of eel from polluted rivers resulted in 2.5 and up to 10 times increased levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) respectively compared to controls. The highest PCB levels were detected for PCB 153, with a median level of 896 ng/g lipid and a maximum level of 5000 ng/g lipid in the high-exposed group. Furthermore, hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs: sum of 4-OH-CB107, 4-OH-CB146, 4'-OH-CB172, and 4-OH-CB187) were 8 times higher in men who consumed eel from polluted areas, and detected at levels (median 4.5 ng/g ww) reported to cause adverse health effects. Also, the majority of the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were significantly higher in consumers of eel from pullulated areas. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that (past) consumption of eel from polluted rivers resulted in high body burdens of dioxins, PCBs, OH-PCBs and PFASs. We confirmed the predictions made in a former risk assessment, and the high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds as well as the OH-PCBs are of health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthe W van den Dungen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dieuwertje E Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstua, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., N-0033, Oslo, Norway; Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, PB X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | | | | | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Albertinka J Murk
- Marine Animal Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Adamse P, Schoss S, Theelen RMC, Hoogenboom RLAP. Levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food of animal origin in the Netherlands during the period 2001-2011. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 34:78-92. [PMID: 27782773 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1252065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess levels of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (DL-PCBs) in food of animal origin produced in the Netherlands, including potential trends in time. Test results from about 2500 samples of animal derived food products (beef, veal, lamb, chicken, pork, deer, milk and eggs), sampled for the National Residue Monitoring Plan from 2001-2011, were evaluated. Most samples were screened with a bioassay and, if suspected, analysed by GC-HRMS. The fraction of samples which were non-compliant with European maximum levels was rather low, being below 1% for most food products, except for lamb. Exceedance of action levels was particularly observed for lamb and beef. To obtain an insight into background levels, a randomly taken part of the samples was directly analysed by GC-HRMS. In general, only minor decreases in mean PCDD/F and DL-PCB concentrations could be observed for the period 2001-2011. This may be due to a plateauing of current background levels but also to factors like the sensitivity of the analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Adamse
- a RIKILT Wageningen University & Research , Institute of Food Safety , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Schoss
- a RIKILT Wageningen University & Research , Institute of Food Safety , Wageningen , the Netherlands
| | - Rob M C Theelen
- b Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority , NVWA , Utrecht , the Netherlands
| | - Ron L A P Hoogenboom
- a RIKILT Wageningen University & Research , Institute of Food Safety , Wageningen , the Netherlands
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12
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Berntssen MHG, Sanden M, Hove H, Lie Ø. Modelling scenarios on feed-to-fillet transfer of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in future feeds to farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:413-421. [PMID: 27565308 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The salmon feed composition has changed the last decade with a replacement of traditionally use of fish oil and fishmeal diets with vegetable ingredients and the use decontaminated fish oils, causing reduced concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in farmed Norwegian Atlantic salmon. The development of novel salmon feeds has prompted the need for prediction on dioxins and dl-PCB concentrations in future farmed salmon. Prediction on fillet dioxins and dl-PCB concentrations from different feed composition scenarios are made using a simple one-compartmental transfer model based on earlier established dioxin and dl-PCB congener specific uptake and elimination kinetics rates. The model is validated with two independent feeding trials, with a significant linear correlation (r(2) = 0.96, y = 1.0x, p < 0.0001, n = 116) between observed and predicted values. Model fillet predictions are made for the following four scenarios; (1) general feed composition of 1999, (2) feed composition of 2013, (3) future feed composition with high fish oil and meal replacement, (4) future feed composition with high fish oil and meal replacement and decontaminated fish oil. Model predictions of fillet dioxin and dl-PCB concentrations from 1999 (1.05 ng WHO2005-TEQs kg(-1)ww) and 2013 (0.57 ng WHO2005-TEQs kg(-1)ww) are in line with the data observed in national surveillance programs of those years (1.1 and 0.52 ng WHO2005-TEQs kg(-1)ww, respectively). Future use of high replacement and decontaminated oils feeds gave predicted fillet concentrations of 0.27 ng WHO2005-TEQs kg(-1)ww, which is near the limit of quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway.
| | - Monica Sanden
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge Hove
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Lie
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Bergen, Norway
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13
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Wood SA, Armitage JM, Binnington MJ, Wania F. Deterministic modeling of the exposure of individual participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to polychlorinated biphenyls. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1157-1168. [PMID: 27711883 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A population's exposure to persistent organic pollutants, e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), is typically assessed through national biomonitoring programs, such as the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To complement statistical methods, we use a deterministic modeling approach to establish mechanistic links between human contaminant concentrations and factors (e.g. age, diet, lipid mass) deemed responsible for the often considerable variability in these concentrations. Lifetime exposures to four PCB congeners in 6128 participants from NHANES 1999-2004 are simulated using the ACC-Human model supplied with individualized input parameters obtained from NHANES questionnaires (e.g., birth year, sex, body mass index, dietary composition, reproductive behavior). Modeled and measured geometric mean PCB-153 concentrations in NHANES participants of 13.3 and 22.0 ng g-1 lipid, respectively, agree remarkably well, although lower model-measurement agreement for air, water, and food suggests that this is partially due to fortuitous error cancellation. The model also reproduces trends in the measured data with key factors such as age, parity and sex. On an individual level, 62% of all modeled concentrations are within a factor of three of their corresponding measured values (Spearman rs = 0.44). However, the model attributes more of the inter-individual variability to differences in dietary lipid intake than is indicated by the measured data. While the model succeeds in predicting levels and trends on the population level, the accuracy of individual-specific predictions would need to be improved for refined exposure characterization in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Wood
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - James M Armitage
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Binnington
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Frank Wania
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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14
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Rimayi C, Chimuka L, Odusanya D, de Boer J, Weiss J. Distribution of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the Jukskei and Klip/Vaal catchment areas in South Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:314-321. [PMID: 26692507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC)-μECD analysis was used to determine 2,3,7,8-substituted dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) distribution in the Jukskei and Klip/Vaal catchment areas from ten sites previously identified as persistent organic pollutant hotspots in major rivers in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Five sediment samples from the Jukskei River catchment area and five sediment samples from the Kilp/Vaal River catchment area were collected for analysis. The extracts were screened for dioxin-like activity using the DR-Luc bioassay prior to GCxGC-μECD analysis. All sediment samples tested positive for dioxin-like activity with total activity ranging from 16 to 37 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ) g(-1) dry weight (dw) for the Jukskei River catchment and 1.5-22 pg TEQ g(-1) dw for the Klip/Vaal River catchment, indicating that the Jukskei River catchment area had higher concentrations of total dioxin-like compounds. Confirmatory tests for the presence of the most potent seven PCDDs and ten PCDFs conducted using GCxGC-μECD revealed presence of 11 PCDD/Fs and 6 PCDD/Fs in the Jukskei and Klip/Vaal River catchments respectively. Total organic carbon (TOC) and particle size distribution analysis were conducted to understand the distribution of PCDD/Fs within the Jukskei and Klip/Vaal catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Rimayi
- Department of Water and Sanitation, Resource Quality Information Services (RQIS), Roodeplaat, P. Bag X313, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa; University of the Witwatersrand, School of Chemistry, P. Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa; Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1085, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luke Chimuka
- University of the Witwatersrand, School of Chemistry, P. Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Odusanya
- Department of Water and Sanitation, Resource Quality Information Services (RQIS), Roodeplaat, P. Bag X313, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacob de Boer
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1085, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Weiss
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1085, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Schiavon M, Torretta V, Rada EC, Ragazzi M. State of the art and advances in the impact assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:57. [PMID: 26703980 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic and persistent organic pollutants that are able to enter the food chain, accumulate in the fat tissues of animals, and consequently pose a serious risk for human health. Consolidated tools for exposure assessment have been implemented during the last decades and widely used, both in the environmental monitoring and in modeling activities. Although the emissive trend and the concentrations in the environment have gradually decreased during the last 20 years, some situations are still underrated and not adequately controlled by the environmental legislation. On the other hand, a complete monitoring of all the pathways of exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs is technically and economically unfeasible. Therefore, this paper aims at providing an overview of the traditional approaches used to assess the impacts of PCDD/Fs and PCBs and presenting the novelties introduced during the last years. After an initial characterization of their toxicity and their effects on health, this paper focuses on activities and situations that can result in critical releases of PCDD/Fs and PCBs into the atmosphere and that can represent a hidden threat for the population. In the final part, this study presents the current methodologies for exposure assessment, summarizes the food chain models in a unified way, and puts the light on new methods that can help environmental scientists, risk assessors, and decision makers to estimate the risk related to exposure to PCDD/Fs in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schiavon
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Ragazzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
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Risk assessment of dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and NDL-PCBs of Hong Kong resident. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hoogenboom R, Traag W, Fernandes A, Rose M. European developments following incidents with dioxins and PCBs in the food and feed chain. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Piskorska-Pliszczynska J, Strucinski P, Mikolajczyk S, Maszewski S, Warenik-Bany M. 23. Dioxins in eggs. HANDBOOK OF EGGS IN HUMAN FUNCTION 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-804-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Piskorska-Pliszczynska
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. Strucinski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - S. Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Warenik-Bany
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
- 2Department of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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Hoogenboom RLAP, Kotterman MJJ, Hoek-van Nieuwenhuizen M, van der Lee MK, Mennes WC, Jeurissen SMF, van Leeuwen SPJ. Dioxins, PCBs and heavy metals in Chinese mitten crabs from Dutch rivers and lakes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 123:1-8. [PMID: 25434274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chinese mitten crab is an invasive species in many European rivers and lakes. Data from the UK indicated high levels of dioxins and PCBs, in particular in the brown meat in the body. This was confirmed by studies in the Netherlands, showing average levels of dioxins and PCBs in the meat in the body of 43 pg TEQ g(-1) ww in crabs caught in the large rivers. Levels in crab of lakes in the Northern part of the Netherlands were on average 3.7-fold lower. Consumption of crabs from polluted areas results in a relatively high dose of dioxins and dl-PCBs and could significantly increase the intake above the TWI. However, in general consumption of these crabs is low, even in the Asian sub-population in the Netherlands. Cadmium and lead levels were higher in crabs from contaminated areas, but for mercury and arsenic there was no clear difference. Consumption of crabs would not result in significant risks for cadmium and mercury. For lead the daily intake could be raised above the BMDL01 for neurodevelopmental toxicity, but this would only occur on a limited number of days. For arsenic the exposure would exceed the lower end of the BMDL01 values for certain cancers, but again, the infrequent consumption by most consumers reduces this risk. Furthermore, speciation showed that most arsenic in crabs was probably not a toxic inorganic form, but likely to be in an organic form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wim C Mennes
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M F Jeurissen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Béchaux C, Zeilmaker M, Merlo M, Bokkers B, Crépet A. An integrative risk assessment approach for persistent chemicals: A case study on dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in France. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Heo JJ, Lee JW, Kim SK, Oh JE. Foodstuff analyses show that seafood and water are major perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) sources to humans in Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 279:402-409. [PMID: 25093550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We measured concentrations of PFAAs in 397 foods, of 66 types, in Korea, and determined the daily human dietary PFAAs intake and the contribution of each foodstuff to that intake. The PFAAs concentration in the 66 different food types ranged from below the detection limit to 48.3ng/g. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the dominant PFAAs in fish, shellfish, and processed foods, while perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and short-chain PFCAs dominated dairy foodstuffs and beverages. The Korean adult dietary intake ranges, estimated for a range of scenarios, were 0.60-3.03 and 0.17-1.68ngkg(-1)bwd(-1) for PFOS and PFOA, respectively, which were lower than the total daily intake limits suggested by European Food Safety Authority (PFOS: 150ngkg(-1)bwd(-1); PFOA: 1500ngkg(-1)bwd(-1)). The major contributors to PFAAs dietary exposure varied with subject age and PFAAs. For example, fish was a major contributor of PFOS but dairy foods were major contributors of PFOA. However, tap water was a major contributor to PFOA intake when it was the main source of drinking water (rather than bottled water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ju Heo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Papadopoulou E, Kogevinas M, Botsivali M, Pedersen M, Besselink H, Mendez MA, Fleming S, Hardie LJ, Knudsen LE, Wright J, Agramunt S, Sunyer J, Granum B, Gutzkow KB, Brunborg G, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Brantsæter AL, Sarri K, Chatzi L, Merlo DF, Kleinjans JC, Haugen M. Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxin-like compounds and birth outcomes in a European prospective mother-child study (NewGeneris). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 484:121-128. [PMID: 24691212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet can result in exposure to environmental contaminants including dioxins which may influence foetal growth. We investigated the association between maternal diet and birth outcomes by defining a dioxin-rich diet. We used validated food frequency questionnaires to assess the diet of pregnant women from Greece, Spain, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway and estimated plasma dioxin-like activity by the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR-CALUX®) bioassay in 604 maternal blood samples collected at delivery. We applied reduced rank regression to identify a dioxin-rich dietary pattern based on dioxin-like activity (DR-CALUX®) levels in maternal plasma, and calculated a dioxin-diet score as an estimate of adherence to this dietary pattern. In the five country population, dioxin-diet score was characterised by high consumption of red and white meat, lean and fatty fish, low-fat dairy and low consumption of salty snacks and high-fat cheese, during pregnancy. The upper tertile of the dioxin-diet score was associated with a change in birth weight of -121g (95% confidence intervals: -232, -10g) compared to the lower tertile after adjustment for confounders. A small non-significant reduction in gestational age was also observed (-1.4days, 95% CI: -3.8, 1.0days). Our results suggest that maternal diet might contribute to the exposure of the foetus to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds and may be related to reduced birth weight. More studies are needed to develop updated dietary guidelines for women of reproductive age, aiming to the reduction of dietary exposure to persistent organic pollutants as dioxins and dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health, Alexandras Avenue 196, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 48, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; INSERM (National Institute of Health Medical Research), Team of Environmental Epidemiology Applied to Reproduction and Respiratory Health, Institute Albert Bonniot, BP 170, La Tronche, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems B.V., Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle A Mendez
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Fleming
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Laura J Hardie
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lisbeth E Knudsen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Temple Bank House, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford BD9 6RJ, UK
| | - Silvia Agramunt
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Parc de Salut Mar, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Passeig Marítim 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Plaça de la Mercè 10-12, 08002 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Berit Granum
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine B Gutzkow
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Margrete Meltzer
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Brantsæter
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Sarri
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete GR-71003, Greece
| | - Domenico F Merlo
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Clinical Trials, National Cancer Research Institute, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jos C Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margaretha Haugen
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
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Leong YH, Chiang PN, Jaafar HJ, Gan CY, Majid MIA. Contamination of food samples from Malaysia with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and estimation of human intake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:711-8. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.880519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Binnington MJ, Quinn CL, McLachlan MS, Wania F. Evaluating the effectiveness of fish consumption advisories: modeling prenatal, postnatal, and childhood exposures to persistent organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:178-86. [PMID: 24345328 PMCID: PMC3915257 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) occurs mainly through ingestion of contaminated food, regulatory bodies issue dietary consumption advisories to describe safe intake levels for food items of concern, particularly fish. OBJECTIVES Our study goal was to estimate the effectiveness of fish consumption advisories in reducing exposure of infants and children to POPs. METHODS We used the time-variant mechanistic model CoZMoMAN to estimate and compare prenatal, postnatal, and childhood exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl congener PCB-153 under different scenarios of maternal guideline adherence for both hypothetical constant and realistic time-variant chemical emissions. The scenarios differed in terms of length of compliance (1 vs. 5 years), extent of fish substitution (all vs. half), and replacement diet (uncontaminated produce vs. beef). We also estimated potential exposure reductions for a range of theoretical chemicals to explore how guideline effectiveness varies with a chemical's partitioning and degradation properties. RESULTS When assuming realistic time periods of advisory compliance, our findings suggest that temporarily eliminating or reducing maternal fish consumption is largely ineffective in reducing pre- and postnatal exposure to substances with long elimination half-lives in humans, especially during periods of decreasing environmental emissions. Substituting fish with beef may actually result in higher exposure to certain groups of environmental contaminants. On the other hand, advisories may be highly effective in reducing exposure to substances with elimination half-lives in humans shorter than the length of compliance. CONCLUSIONS Our model estimates suggest that fish consumption advisories are unlikely to be effective in reducing prenatal, postnatal, and childhood exposures to compounds with long elimination half-lives in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Binnington
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Rauscher-Gabernig E, Mischek D, Moche W, Prean M. Dietary intake of dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in Austria. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1770-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.814169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Papadopoulou E, Caspersen IH, Kvalem HE, Knutsen HK, Duarte-Salles T, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Kogevinas M, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M. Maternal dietary intake of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls and birth size in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 60:209-216. [PMID: 24071022 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diet not only provides essential nutrients to the developing fetus but is also a source of prenatal exposure to environmental contaminants. We investigated the association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs during pregnancy and birth size. The study included 50,651 women from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Dietary information was collected by FFQs and intake estimates were calculated by combining food consumption and food concentration of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs. We used multivariable regression models to estimate the association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs and fetal growth. The contribution of fish and seafood intake during pregnancy was 41% for dietary dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs and 49% for dietary non-dioxin-like PCBs. Further stratified analysis by quartiles of seafood intake during pregnancy was conducted. We found an inverse dose-response association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs and fetal growth after adjustment for confounders. Newborns of mothers in the upper quartile of dioxin and dioxin-like PCBs intake had 62g lower birth weight (95% CI: -73, -50), 0.26cm shorter birth length (95% CI: -0.31, -0.20) and 0.10cm shorter head circumference (95% CI: -0.14, -0.06) than newborns of mothers in the lowest quartile of intake. Similar negative associations for intake of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs were found after excluding women with intakes above the tolerable weekly intake (TWI=14pg TEQ/kg bw/week). The negative association of dietary dioxins and PCBs with fetal growth was weaker as seafood intake was increasing. No association was found between dietary dioxin and PCB intake and the risk for small-for-gestational age neonate. In conclusion, dietary intakes of dioxins and PCBs during pregnancy were negatively associated with fetal growth, even at intakes below the TWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
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Chan JKY, Man YB, Xing GH, Wu SC, Murphy MB, Xu Y, Wong MH. Dietary exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans via fish consumption and dioxin-like activity in fish determined by H4IIE-luc bioassay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 463-464:1192-1200. [PMID: 22959899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) via fish consumption in two major electronic (e) waste sites: Guiyu (GY), Guangdong Province and Taizhou (TZ), Zhejiang Province, and dioxin-like activity in fish determined by H4IIE-luc bioassay. In the present study, all fish were below EU's maximum allowable concentration in muscle of fish (4 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet wt), except crucian (4.28 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet wt) and silver carps (7.49 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet wt) collected from GY rivers. Moreover, the residual concentration in bighead carp collected from GY (2.15 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet wt) was close to the EU's action level (3 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet wt) which gives "early warning" to the competent authorities and operators to take measures to eliminate contamination. In addition, results indicated that the maximum human intake of PCDD/Fs via freshwater fish consumption in GY was 4.31 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw/day, which exceeds the higher end of the tolerable daily intake recommended by the WHO, EC-SCF and JECFA (1-4, 2 and 2.3 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw/day respectively). Furthermore, H4IIE-luc cell bioassay provides a very sensitive and cost-efficient screening tool for assessing the overall dioxin-like toxicity in the study, and is therefore valuable for high-throughput environmental monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Kit Yan Chan
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
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Caspersen IH, Knutsen HK, Brantsæter AL, Haugen M, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Kvalem HE. Dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs in a large cohort of pregnant women: results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:398-407. [PMID: 23911340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during pregnancy and breastfeeding may result in adverse health effects in children. Prenatal exposure is determined by the concentrations of dioxins and PCBs in maternal blood, which reflect the body burden obtained by long term dietary exposure. The aims of this study were (1) to describe dietary exposure and important dietary sources to dioxins and PCBs in a large group of pregnant women and (2) to identify maternal characteristics associated with high dietary exposure to dioxins and PCBs. Dietary exposure to dioxins (sum of toxic equivalents (TEQs) from dioxin-like (dl) compounds) and PCB-153 in 83,524 pregnant women (gestational weeks 17-22) who participated in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) during the years 2002-2009 was calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a database of dioxin and PCB concentrations in Norwegian food. The median (interquartile range, IQR) intake of PCB-153 (marker of ndl-PCBs) was 0.81 (0.77) ng/kg bw/day. For dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs, the median (IQR) intake was 0.56 (0.37) pg TEQ/kg bw/day. Moreover, 2.3% of the participants had intakes exceeding the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 14pg TEQ/kg bw/week. Multiple regression analysis showed that dietary exposure was positively associated with maternal age, maternal education, weight gain during pregnancy, being a student, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy and negatively associated with pre-pregnancy BMI and smoking. A high dietary exposure to PCB-153 or dl-compounds (TEQ) was mainly explained by the consumption of seagull eggs and/or pate with fish liver and roe. Women who according to Norwegian recommendations avoid these food items generally do not have dietary exposure above the tolerable intake of dioxins and dl-PCBs.
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Papadopoulou E, Vafeiadi M, Agramunt S, Mathianaki K, Karakosta P, Spanaki A, Besselink H, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Koutis A, Chatzi L, Kogevinas M. Maternal diet, prenatal exposure to dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants and anogenital distance in children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 461-462:222-229. [PMID: 23728063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential endocrine disruptive effect of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through maternal diet, by measuring anogenital distance in newborns and young children. We included 231 mothers and their newborns measured at birth from the Rhea study in Crete, Greece and the Hmar study in Barcelona, Spain and 476 mothers and their children measured between 1 and 2 years from the Rhea study. We used food frequency questionnaires to assess maternal diet and estimated plasma dioxin-like activity by the Dioxin-Responsive Chemically Activated LUciferase eXpression (DR-CALUX®) and other POPs in maternal samples. We defined a "high-fat diet" score, as a prenatal exposure estimate, that incorporated intakes of red meat, processed meat, fatty fish, seafood, eggs and high-fat dairy products during pregnancy. Increasing maternal "high-fat diet" score was related to increasing dioxin-like activity and serum concentrations of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants in maternal blood. An inverse dose-response association was found between "high-fat diet" score and anoscrotal distance in newborn males. The highest tertile of the maternal score was associated with -4.2 mm (95% CI -6.6 to -1.8) reduction in anoscrotal distance of newborn males, compared to the lowest tertile. A weak positive association was found between the "high-fat diet" score and anofourchetal distance in newborn females. In young children we found no association between maternal "high-fat diet" score and anogenital distances. In conclusion, maternal high-fat diet may be linked to high prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and endocrine disruptive effects, resulting to phenotypic alterations of the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadopoulou
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Montaño M, Weiss J, Hoffmann L, Gutleb AC, Murk AJ. Metabolic activation of nonpolar sediment extracts results in enhanced thyroid hormone disrupting potency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8878-8886. [PMID: 23786620 DOI: 10.1021/es4011898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional sediment risk assessment predominantly considers the hazard derived from legacy contaminants that are present in nonpolar sediment extracts, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although in vivo experiments with these compounds have shown to be thyroid hormone disrupting (THD), in vitro their THD potency is not observed in nonpolar sediment extracts. This is hypothesized to be due to the absence of in vitro biotransformation which will result in bioactivation of the lipophilic compounds into THD hydroxyl metabolites. This study reveals that indeed metabolically activated nonpolar contaminants in sediments can competitively bind to thyroid hormone transport proteins. Sediment fractions were incubated with S9 rat microsomes, and the metabolites were extracted with a newly developed method that excludes most of the lipids to avoid interference in the applied nonradioactive 96-well plate TTR competitive binding assay. Metabolic activation increased the TTR binding potency of nonpolar fractions of POP-polluted sediments up to 100 times, resulting in potencies up to 240 nmol T4 equivalents/g sediment equivalent (nmol T4-Eq/g SEQ). This demonstrates that a more realistic in vitro sediment THD risk characterization should also include testing of both polar and medium polar sediment extracts for THD, as well as bioactivated nonpolar sediment fractions to prevent underestimation of its toxic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Montaño
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann , 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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van Ede KI, Andersson PL, Gaisch KPJ, van den Berg M, van Duursen MBM. Comparison of intake and systemic relative effect potencies of dioxin-like compounds in female mice after a single oral dose. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:847-853. [PMID: 23674508 PMCID: PMC3702004 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk assessment for mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is performed using the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) approach. These TEF values are derived mainly from relative effect potencies (REPs) linking an administered dose to an in vivo toxic or biological effect, resulting in "intake" TEFs. At present, there is insufficient data available to conclude that intake TEFs are also applicable for systemic concentrations (e.g., blood and tissues). OBJECTIVE We compared intake and systemic REPs of 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzodioxin (PeCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-118), and 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-156) in female C57BL/6 mice 3 days after a single oral dose. METHODS We calculated intake REPs and systemic REPs based on administered dose and liver, adipose, or plasma concentrations relative to TCDD. Hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1-associated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and gene expression of Cyp1a1, 1a2 and 1b1 in the liver and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were used as biological end points. RESULTS We observed up to one order of magnitude difference between intake REPs and systemic REPs. Two different patterns were discerned. Compared with intake REPs, systemic REPs based on plasma or adipose levels were higher for PeCDD, 4-PeCDF, and PCB-126 but lower for the mono-ortho PCBs 118 and 156. CONCLUSIONS Based on these mouse data, the comparison between intake REPs and systemic REPs reveals significant congener-specific differences that warrants the development of systemic TEFs to calculate toxic equivalents (TEQs) in blood and body tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin I van Ede
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Lascano-Alcoser VH, Velthuis AGJ, van der Fels-Klerx HJ, Hoogenboom LAP, Oude Lansink AGJM. Optimizing bulk milk dioxin monitoring based on costs and effectiveness. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4125-41. [PMID: 23628245 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dioxins are environmental pollutants, potentially present in milk products, which have negative consequences for human health and for the firms and farms involved in the dairy chain. Dioxin monitoring in feed and food has been implemented to detect their presence and estimate their levels in food chains. However, the costs and effectiveness of such programs have not been evaluated. In this study, the costs and effectiveness of bulk milk dioxin monitoring in milk trucks were estimated to optimize the sampling and pooling monitoring strategies aimed at detecting at least 1 contaminated dairy farm out of 20,000 at a target dioxin concentration level. Incidents of different proportions, in terms of the number of contaminated farms, and concentrations were simulated. A combined testing strategy, consisting of screening and confirmatory methods, was assumed as well as testing of pooled samples. Two optimization models were built using linear programming. The first model aimed to minimize monitoring costs subject to a minimum required effectiveness of finding an incident, whereas the second model aimed to maximize the effectiveness for a given monitoring budget. Our results show that a high level of effectiveness is possible, but at high costs. Given specific assumptions, monitoring with 95% effectiveness to detect an incident of 1 contaminated farm at a dioxin concentration of 2 pg of toxic equivalents/g of fat [European Commission's (EC) action level] costs €2.6 million per month. At the same level of effectiveness, a 73% cost reduction is possible when aiming to detect an incident where 2 farms are contaminated at a dioxin concentration of 3 pg of toxic equivalents/g of fat (EC maximum level). With a fixed budget of €40,000 per month, the probability of detecting an incident with a single contaminated farm at a dioxin concentration equal to the EC action level is 4.4%. This probability almost doubled (8.0%) when aiming to detect the same incident but with a dioxin concentration equal to the EC maximum level. This study shows that the effectiveness of finding an incident depends not only on the ratio at which, for testing, collected truck samples are mixed into a pooled sample (aiming at detecting certain concentration), but also the number of collected truck samples. In conclusion, the optimal cost-effective monitoring depends on the number of contaminated farms and the concentration aimed at detection. The models and study results offer quantitative support to risk managers of food industries and food safety authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Lascano-Alcoser
- Business Economics, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Egorov AI, Dalbokova D, Krzyzanowski M. Biomonitoring-based environmental public health indicators. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 930:275-93. [PMID: 23086846 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-059-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
This chapter discusses the use ofbiomonitoring-based indicators of exposure to environmental pollutants in environmental health information systems. Matrices for biomonitoring, organization and standardization of surveillance programs, the use of intake and body burden data, and the interpretation of surveillance data are discussed. The concept of environmental public health indicators is demonstrated using the "Persistent organic pollutants in human milk" indicator implemented in the Environment and Health Information System (ENHIS) of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. This indicator is based on the data from the WHO-coordinated surveillance of persistent organic pollutants in human milk as well as data from selected national studies. The WHO survey data demonstrate a steady decline in breast milk concentrations of dioxins across Europe. The data from biomonitoring surveys in Sweden also show a steady decline of breast milk concentrations of most persistent organic pollutants since 1970s with the exception of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) which increased rapidly until the late 1990s and then started to decline after the implementation of policy measures aiming at reducing exposures. The application of human biomonitoring data in support of environmental public health policy actions requires carefully designed standardized and sustainable surveillance, comprehensive interpretation of the data, and an effective communication strategy based on credible information presented in the form of indicator factsheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey I Egorov
- World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health (ECEH), Bonn, Germany.
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Zhang L, Li J, Liu X, Zhao Y, Li X, Wen S, Wu Y. Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from the Chinese total diet study in 2007. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1625-1630. [PMID: 23010224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 17 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and 12 dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were measured in 96 food composite samples from eight varieties of food groups from the Chinese total diet study (TDS) in 2007. The concentrations of samples, expressed as WHO toxic equivalents (TEQ), ranged from 0.001 pg TEQ g(-1) to 0.85 pg TEQ g(-1) (fresh weight). Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs of 12 age/gender subgroups of the Chinese population subsequently estimated ranges from 15.4 pg TEQ kg(-1) bw month(-1) to 38.7 pg TEQ kg(-1) bw month(-1) for average population and from 68.5 pg TEQ kg(-1) bw month(-1) to 226.1 pg TEQ kg(-1) bw month(-1) for high consumers (the 97.5th percentile). Dietary exposure of children (mean: 32.5 pg TEQ kg(-1) bw month(-1)) is significantly higher than that of the adults (mean: 21.5 pg TEQ kg(-1) bw month(-1)) (p<0.01) presumably due to more food consumed by children relative to their body weight compared to adults. There is no difference of dietary exposure, expressed as pg TEQ kg(-1) bw, found between different genders. Across various regions in China, there are large differences of dietary exposure of adult population and pattern of contribution of food groups to total exposure due to different contamination level and food habits. Dietary exposures of average population of various subgroups were all below the PTMI recommended by JECFA, but those of higher consumers were found exceeding or comparable to the PTMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, and China National Center of Food Safety and Risk Assessment, 7 Panjiayuannanli, Beijing 100021, China
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Reeuwijk NM, Talidda A, Malisch R, Kotz A, Tritscher A, Fiedler H, Zeilmaker MJ, Kooijman M, Wienk KJH, Traag WA, Hoogenboom RLAP. Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans) in traditional clay products used during pregnancy. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1678-85. [PMID: 23159200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Geophagy, the practice of consuming clay or soil, is encountered among pregnant women in Africa, Eastern Asia and Latin America, but also in Western societies. However, certain types of clay are known to contain high concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The aim of this study was to determine the PCDD/F contents of orally consumed clays purchased from Dutch and African markets. Congener patterns were compared with those of pooled human milk samples collected in eight African countries, to investigate a possible relationship with clay consumption. From the Dutch market thirteen clay products were examined, seven of African and six of Suriname origin. From seven African countries, twenty clay products were collected. All 33 clay products were screened with a cell-based bioassay and those showing a high response were analyzed by GC/HRMS. High PCDD/F concentrations were measured in three clay products from the Dutch market, ranging from 66 to 103 pg TEQ g(-1), whereas clay products from African countries were from 24 to 75 pg TEQ g(-1). Patterns and relatively high concentrations of PCDD/Fs in human milk samples from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Côte d'Ivoire suggest a relationship with the consumption of contaminated clay. Frequent use of PCDD/F contaminated clay products during pregnancy may result in increased exposure of the mother and subsequently the developing fetus and new-born child. The use of these contaminated clays during pregnancy should be carefully considered or even discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje M Reeuwijk
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, 3540 AA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Application of the BRAFO-tiered approach for benefit-risk assessment to case studies on natural foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50 Suppl 4:S699-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sheep milk as a potential indicator of environmental exposure to dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs). Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hoekstra J, Hart A, Owen H, Zeilmaker M, Bokkers B, Thorgilsson B, Gunnlaugsdottir H. Fish, contaminants and human health: quantifying and weighing benefits and risks. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 54:18-29. [PMID: 22269904 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a quantitative risk-benefit assessment of fish consumption. We compare the net health effect expressed in DALYs of two scenarios. The reference scenario is the current fish intake of the Dutch population, which is less than what is recommended by the health authorities. The alternative scenario describes the health effects if the population consumes 200g of fish per week, which is close to the recommendation. All health effects due to fish consumption for which there is convincing evidence are incorporated in the assessment. The QALIBRA software (www.qalibra.eu) is used to simulate the two scenarios. The results show there is a net benefit for the population if it consumes 200g of fish each week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeljer Hoekstra
- National Institute of for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Chobtang J, de Boer IJM, Hoogenboom RLAP, Haasnoot W, Kijlstra A, Meerburg BG. The need and potential of biosensors to detect dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls along the milk, eggs and meat food chain. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2011; 11:11692-716. [PMID: 22247688 PMCID: PMC3252005 DOI: 10.3390/s111211692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) are hazardous toxic, ubiquitous and persistent chemical compounds, which can enter the food chain and accumulate up to higher trophic levels. Their determination requires sophisticated methods, expensive facilities and instruments, well-trained personnel and expensive chemical reagents. Ideally, real-time monitoring using rapid detection methods should be applied to detect possible contamination along the food chain in order to prevent human exposure. Sensor technology may be promising in this respect. This review gives the state of the art for detecting possible contamination with dioxins and DL-PCBs along the food chain of animal-source foods. The main detection methods applied (i.e., high resolution gas-chromatography combined with high resolution mass-spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) and the chemical activated luciferase gene expression method (CALUX bioassay)), each have their limitations. Biosensors for detecting dioxins and related compounds, although still under development, show potential to overcome these limitations. Immunosensors and biomimetic-based biosensors potentially offer increased selectivity and sensitivity for dioxin and DL-PCB detection, while whole cell-based biosensors present interpretable biological results. The main shortcoming of current biosensors, however, is their detection level: this may be insufficient as limits for dioxins and DL-PCBs for food and feedstuffs are in pg per gram level. In addition, these contaminants are normally present in fat, a difficult matrix for biosensor detection. Therefore, simple and efficient extraction and clean-up procedures are required which may enable biosensors to detect dioxins and DL-PCBs contamination along the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeerasak Chobtang
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.C.); (I.J.M.B.)
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (A.K.)
| | - Imke J. M. de Boer
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.C.); (I.J.M.B.)
| | - Ron L. A. P. Hoogenboom
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.L.A.P.H.); (W.H.)
| | - Willem Haasnoot
- RIKILT Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (R.L.A.P.H.); (W.H.)
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (A.K.)
- Eye Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Maastricht, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan G. Meerburg
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (A.K.)
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Boon PE, Bonthuis M, van der Voet H, van Klaveren JD. Comparison of different exposure assessment methods to estimate the long-term dietary exposure to dioxins and ochratoxin A. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1979-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Noorlander CW, van Leeuwen SPJ, Te Biesebeek JD, Mengelers MJB, Zeilmaker MJ. Levels of perfluorinated compounds in food and dietary intake of PFOS and PFOA in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:7496-505. [PMID: 21591675 DOI: 10.1021/jf104943p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study presents concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in food and the dietary intake of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in The Netherlands. The concentrations of perfluorinated compounds in food were analyzed in pooled samples of foodstuffs randomly purchased in several Dutch retail store chains with nation-wide coverage. The concentrations analyzed for PFOS and PFOA were used to assess the exposure to these compounds in The Netherlands. As concentrations in drinking water in The Netherlands were missing for these compounds, conservative default concentrations of 7 pg/g for PFOS and 9 pg/g for PFOA, as reported by European Food Safety Authority, were used in the exposure assessment. In food, 6 out of 14 analyzed perfluorinated compounds could be quantified in the majority of the food categories (perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS), and PFOS). The highest concentration of the sum of these six compounds was found in crustaceans (825 pg/g product, PFOS: 582 pg/g product) and in lean fish (481 pg/g product, PFOS: 308 pg/g product). Lower concentrations were found in beef, fatty fish, flour, butter, eggs, and cheese (concentrations between 20 and 100 pg/g product; PFOS, 29-82 pg/g product) and milk, pork, bakery products, chicken, vegetable, and industrial oils (concentration lower than 10 pg/g product; PFOS not detected). The median long-term intake for PFOS was 0.3 ng/kg bw/day and for PFOA 0.2 ng/kg bw/day. The corresponding high level intakes (99th percentile) were 0.6 and 0.5 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. These intakes were well below the tolerable daily intake values of both compounds (PFOS, 150 ng/kg bw/day; PFOA, 1500 ng/kg bw/day). The intake calculations quantified the contribution of drinking water to the PFOS and PFOA intake in The Netherlands. Important contributors of PFOA intake were vegetables/fruit and flour. Milk, beef, and lean fish were important contributors of PFOS intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelle W Noorlander
- Centre for Substances and Integral Risk Assessment, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, BA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Scientific Opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of high levels of dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs in liver from sheep and deer. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Lascano Alcoser VH, Velthuis AGJ, Hoogenboom LAP, van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Financial impact of a dioxin incident in the Dutch dairy chain. J Food Prot 2011; 74:967-79. [PMID: 21669075 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the financial consequences of a milk-dioxin crisis on the stages of the dairy chain involved. The milk dioxin contamination impact model was designed for this purpose and also was used to estimate the net costs of control measures limiting the impact. Results obtained based on the assumption of the worst-case scenario in which the entire daily production of each business unit from feed supplier to milk processor is contaminated suggested that the financial impact of one dioxin incident would be €141.2 million. Another assumption was that the dioxin contamination started at one feed processing plant and was detected 2 weeks after initial contamination (the high-risk period), which would result in the involvement of 714 dairy farms, 26 milk processors, and 2,664 retailers. The stages of the chain that contributed most to the total net costs were the milk processor (76.9%) and the dairy farm (20.5%). If the high-risk period were shorter, i.e., 3 days, the estimated total financial impact decreases to €10.9 million. Thus, early detection of the contamination is crucial for decreasing the number of food businesses involved and lowering the total financial impact. The most influential inputs of the model were the sale price of milk at the processing stage, the daily amount of milk processed per processing plant, the farm-blocking period, and the daily amount of milk produced per farm. However, the effect of these inputs on the total financial impact was less than 10.0%. These results can be used to establish priorities in the application of control measures to limit the financial and public health impacts of a possible food safety incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Lascano Alcoser
- Business Economics, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Huwe JK, West M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in U.S. Meat and poultry from two statistically designed surveys showing trends and levels from 2002 to 2008. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:5428-5434. [PMID: 21491934 DOI: 10.1021/jf2003915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) body burdens in the general U.S. population have been linked to the consumption of red meat and poultry. Exposure estimates have also indicated that meat products are a major contributor to PBDE dietary intake. To establish solid estimates of PBDE concentrations in domestic meat and poultry, samples from two statistically designed surveys of U.S. meat and poultry were analyzed for PBDEs. The two surveys were conducted in 2002-2003 and 2007-2008, between which times the manufacturing of penta-BDE and octa-BDE formulations had ceased in the United States (December 2004). Thus, the data provided an opportunity to observe prevalence and concentration trends that may have occurred during this time frame and to compare the mean PBDE levels among the meat and poultry industries. On the basis of composite samples, the average sum of the seven most prevalent PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, and -183) decreased by >60% from 1.95 ng/g lipid in 2002-2003 to 0.72 ng/g lipid in 2007-2008 for meat and poultry. PBDEs measured in individual samples in 2008 showed that beef samples had the lowest PBDE levels followed by hogs and chickens and then by turkeys. The PBDE congener pattern was the same for both surveys and resembled the penta-BDE formulation with BDE-47 and -99 accounting for 30 and 40% of the total, respectively. On the basis of the data from the two surveys, it appears that PBDE levels in U.S. meat and poultry have declined since manufacturing ceased; however, exposure pathways of PBDEs to livestock are still not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice K Huwe
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States.
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Kilic D, Çakıroğulları GÇ, Uçar Y, Theelen R, Traag W. Comparison of PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels in Turkish foodstuffs: industrial versus rural, local versus supermarket products, and assessment of dietary intake. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:913-24. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.565482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilic
- a Department of Dioxin, Ankara Provincial Control Laboratory , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Şehit Cem Ersever Avenue, Yenimahalle, 12, 06170-Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gül Çelik Çakıroğulları
- a Department of Dioxin, Ankara Provincial Control Laboratory , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Şehit Cem Ersever Avenue, Yenimahalle, 12, 06170-Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yunus Uçar
- a Department of Dioxin, Ankara Provincial Control Laboratory , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Şehit Cem Ersever Avenue, Yenimahalle, 12, 06170-Ankara , Turkey
| | - Rob Theelen
- b WVA Voedsel en Waren Autoriteit Office for Risk Assessment , P.O. Box 19506, 2500 CM Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Traag
- c RIKILT–Institute of Food Safety , Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB. P.O. Box 230 6700 EA, Wageningen , The Netherlands
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Feinberg M, Soler L, Contenot S, Verger P. Assessment of seasonality in exposure to dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs by using long-term food-consumption data. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 28:502-12. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.553844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Berntssen MHG, Maage A, Julshamn K, Oeye BE, Lundebye AK. Carry-over of dietary organochlorine pesticides, PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and brominated flame retardants to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fillets. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 83:95-103. [PMID: 21284993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Information on carry-over of contaminants from feed to animal food products is essential for appropriate human risk assessment of feed contaminants. The carry-over of potentially hazardous persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from feed to fillet was assessed in consumption sized Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Relative carry-over (defined as the fraction of a certain dietary POP retained in the fillet) was assessed in a controlled feeding trial, which provided fillet retention of dietary organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), dioxins (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Highest retention was found for OCPs, BFRs and PCBs (31-58%), and the lowest retentions were observed for PCDD/Fs congeners (10-34%). National monitoring data on commercial fish feed and farmed Atlantic salmon on the Norwegian market were used to provide commercially relevant feed-to-fillet transfer factors (calculated as fillet POP level divided by feed POP level), which ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, which is a factor 5-10 times higher than reported for terrestrial meat products. For the OCP with one of the highest relative carry-over, toxaphene, uptake and elimination kinetics were established. Model simulations that are based on the uptake and elimination kinetics gave predicted levels that were in agreement with the measured values. Application of the model to the current EU upper limit for toxaphene in feed (50 μg kg(-1)) gave maximum fillet levels of 22 μg kg(-1), which exceeds the estimated permissible level (21 μg kg(-1)) for toxaphene in fish food samples in Norway.
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Marin S, Villalba P, Diaz-Ferrero J, Font G, Yusà V. Congener profile, occurrence and estimated dietary intake of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in foods marketed in the Region of Valencia (Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 82:1253-1261. [PMID: 21216434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
During 2006-2008, a monitoring program was conducted on 29 target compounds, including PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, comprising 150 randomly collected individual food samples marketed in the Region of Valencia, Spain, grouped into 8 categories (vegetables, cereals, fats and oils, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish products, meat and meat products and fish oil). For PCDD/Fs, the highest frequency of detection corresponds to 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, OCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF; and PCBs 118, 105 and 156 were the more frequent dl-PCBs. The food groups presenting higher contamination, expressed as toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs), were fish oil (6.38 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)fat), fish (1.21 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)w.w.) and milk and dairy products (0.90 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1)fat). Of all analysed samples, only two fish oils presented levels higher than the EU limits for total WHO-TEQ. The average PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs intakes were estimated as 2.86 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)b.w.d(-1) and 4.58 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)b.w.d(-1), for adults and children, respectively, using the deterministic method for chronic exposure. The main contributors to total intake for adults were fish (59%), milk and dairy products (19%), and fat and oils (9%). The average daily intake for adults (2.86 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)b.w.d(-1)) is within range of TDI recommended by the WHO (1-4 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1)b.w.d(-1)), and slightly above the TWI and PTMI adopted by SCF and JECFA respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marin
- Public Health Research Center (CSISP), 21 Avda Cataluña, 46020 Valencia, Spain
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Maternal fish consumption, fetal growth and the risks of neonatal complications: the Generation R Study. Br J Nutr 2011; 105:938-49. [PMID: 21266095 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510004460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy has been suggested to affect birth outcomes. Previous studies mainly focused on birth outcomes and did not study fetal growth during pregnancy. In a prospective cohort study from early pregnancy onwards in The Netherlands, we assessed the associations of first-trimester maternal total-fish, lean-fish, fatty-fish and shellfish consumption with fetal growth characteristics in the second and third trimesters, growth characteristics at birth and the risks of neonatal complications, including pre-term birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age. In total, 3380 mothers completed a 293-item semi-quantitative FFQ to obtain information about fish consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy. Head circumference, femur length and fetal weight were estimated in the second and third trimesters by ultrasound. Information about birth anthropometrics and neonatal complications was available from hospital and midwife registries. Maternal older age, higher educational level, folic acid supplement use, alcohol use and not smoking were associated with higher fish consumption (P < 0·01). After adjustment, we observed no consistent associations of maternal total-fish consumption or specific consumption of lean fish, fatty fish or shellfish with fetal growth characteristics in the second and third trimesters and at birth. Likewise, total-fish consumption or specific consumption of any type of fish was not consistently associated with the risks of neonatal complications. These findings suggest that in a population with a relatively low fish intake, consumption of lean fish, fatty fish or shellfish in the first trimester is not associated with fetal growth or the risks of neonatal complications.
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