1
|
Cha YJ, Koo JS. Expression of EMP 1, 2, and 3 in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm and Pheochromocytoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13016. [PMID: 37629198 PMCID: PMC10455306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of the epithelial membrane proteins (EMP) 1, 2, and 3 in adrenal gland neoplasm and to explore the broader implications of this. Tissue microarrays were constructed for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasms (ACN) (adrenal cortical adenoma (115 cases), and carcinoma (17 cases)) and 189 cases of pheochromocytoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify EMP 1, 2, and 3, and was compared with clinicopathological parameters. The H-score of EMP 3 (p < 0.001) was higher in pheochromocytoma when compared to that of ACN, and the H-score of EMP 1 (p < 0.001) and EMP 3 (p < 0.001) was higher in adrenal cortical carcinomas when compared to that of adrenal cortical adenomas. A higher EMP 1 H-score was observed in pheochromocytomas with a GAPP score ≥3 (p = 0.018). In univariate analysis, high levels of EMP 1 and EMP 3 expression in ACN were associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.001). Differences were observed in the expression of EMPs between ACN and pheochromocytoma. EMPs are associated with malignant tumor biology in adrenal cortical neoplasm and pheochromocytoma, suggesting the role of a prognostic and/or predictive factor for EMPs in adrenal tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen L, Li X, Gu Q. Chimonanthus salicifolius extract alleviates DSS-induced colitis and regulates gut microbiota in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3019-3030. [PMID: 37324926 PMCID: PMC10261787 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic and recurrent gastrointestinal intestinal disease accompanied by inflammatory disorders, immunologic inadequacy, and intestinal flora dysbiosis, and current therapeutic pharmaceuticals have limited side effects. In this study, we revealed the extraction method of Chimonanthus salicifolius, analyzed the main component, compared the effect of its extract, Lactobacillus, and conventional drugs with different properties on DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-induced colitis, and indicated extract regulatory properties of inestinal flora. A colitis model was established on experimental design, and BALB/c mice (male, 7 weeks old) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10): control, DSS model, Chimonanthus salicifolius extract (CSE), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) groups. The three treatments could alleviate the symptoms and remit inflammation induced by DSS, in which CSE and LGG groups could both decrease the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β. The CSE intervention significantly promoted the higher production of butyric acid than LGG and 5-ASA groups (p < .05) after DSS challenge. Analysis of intestinal flora showed that CSE administration remarkably decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria Heliobacteriaceae and Peptococcaceae and exhibited higher abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Bifidobacterium than LGG in intestinal tract of mice (p < .05). These findings indicated that Chimonanthus salicifolius extract may have been beneficial for preventing and treating colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityZhejiang Business CollegeHangzhouChina
- Research and develop departmentZhejiang Tact Artiste Biotechnology Group Co. LtdHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityZhejiang Business CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityZhejiang Business CollegeHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi S, Kim N, Park JH, Nam RH, Song CH, Lee HS. Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection and its eradication on the expression of tight junction proteins in the gastric epithelium in relation to gastric carcinogenesis. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12929. [PMID: 36063450 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction proteins (TJPs) play a role in epithelial defense mechanisms. However, the effect of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) on TJPs remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of TJPs in relation to Hp infection and eradication in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS In total, 510 subjects (284 controls and 226 gastric cancer [GC] patients) were prospectively enrolled in the study. The expression of claudin-1 and -2 (CLDN-1, -2), occludin (OCLN), and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) was measured based on their Hp infection status in normal corpus mucosa and evaluated following Hp eradication using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS The expression of TJP1 in Hp+ controls was significantly lower than that in Hp- controls (p = 0.006), whereas it was higher in Hp+ than in Hp- GC patients (p = 0.001). Moreover, the increased expression of TJP1 in Hp+ GC patients was reduced to levels in Hp- within a year after Hp eradication and was maintained for more than 5 years. Furthermore, IHC results for TJP1 were similar to qPCR results. In particular, the higher IHC staining intensity of TJP1 in the cytosol of GC patients (p = 0.019) decreased after Hp eradication (p = 0.040). CONCLUSION Hp infection affects TJP expression. The high expression of TJP1 in Hp+ GC patients was restored to control levels after Hp eradication, suggesting that TJP1 plays a role in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SooIn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Min J, Zhang C, Bliton RJ, Caldwell B, Caplan L, Presentation KS, Park DJ, Kong SH, Lee HS, Washington MK, Kim WH, Lau KS, Magness ST, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Goldenring JR, Choi E. Dysplastic Stem Cell Plasticity Functions as a Driving Force for Neoplastic Transformation of Precancerous Gastric Mucosa. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:875-890. [PMID: 35700772 PMCID: PMC9509466 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysplasia carries a high risk of cancer development; however, the cellular mechanisms for dysplasia evolution to cancer are obscure. We have previously identified 2 putative dysplastic stem cell (DSC) populations, CD44v6neg/CD133+/CD166+ (double positive [DP]) and CD44v6+/CD133+/CD166+ (triple positive [TP]), which may contribute to cellular heterogeneity of gastric dysplasia. Here, we investigated functional roles and cell plasticity of noncancerous Trop2+/CD133+/CD166+ DSCs initially developed in the transition from precancerous metaplasia to dysplasia in the stomach. METHODS Dysplastic organoids established from active Kras-induced mouse stomachs were used for transcriptome analysis, in vitro differentiation, and in vivo tumorigenicity assessments of DSCs. Cell heterogeneity and genetic alterations during clonal evolution of DSCs were examined by next-generation sequencing. Tissue microarrays were used to identify DSCs in human dysplasia. We additionally evaluated the effect of casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) regulation on the DSC activities using both mouse and human dysplastic organoids. RESULTS We identified a high similarity of molecular profiles between DP- and TP-DSCs, but more dynamic activities of DP-DSCs in differentiation and survival for maintaining dysplastic cell lineages through Wnt ligand-independent CK1α/β-catenin signaling. Xenograft studies demonstrated that the DP-DSCs clonally evolve toward multiple types of gastric adenocarcinomas and promote cancer cell heterogeneity by acquiring additional genetic mutations and recruiting the tumor microenvironment. Last, growth and survival of both mouse and human dysplastic organoids were controlled by targeting CK1α. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the DSCs are de novo gastric cancer-initiating cells responsible for neoplastic transformation and a promising target for intervention in early induction of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Min
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brianna Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Leah Caplan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kimberly S Presentation
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Do-Joong Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Woo-Ho Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Scott T Magness
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guidoni PB, Pasternak JA, Hamonic G, MacPhee DJ, Harding JC. Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 on tight junction gene expression at the maternal-fetal interface. Theriogenology 2022; 184:162-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
6
|
Overview of Gene Expression Analysis in Gastric Disease Infected with Helicobacter pylori: CLDN1 and MMP9 Could Be Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection produces several lesions in the human stomach, which can progress to chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. To date, there is very little information on gene expression in chronic atrophic gastritis and its relationship with progression to gastric cancer. In this study, we performed a gene expression analysis during chronic atrophic gastritis in order to identify possible biomarkers that allow an early diagnosis of gastric cancer. We studied biopsies from patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. The biopsies were analyzed by a gene expression microarray and corroborated by qPCR and validated through immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed that gene expression profiles in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis showed molecular changes of the gastric mucosa, leading to gastric cancer. The gene expression profiles of CLDN1, CLDN7, OLFM4, C-MYC and MMP9 were more notable from the chronic atrophic gastritis. The gene expression patterns observed in this study allowed the identification of CLDN1 and MMP9 proteins as promising biomarkers of early stages of gastric cancer development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Astudillo P. A Non-canonical Wnt Signature Correlates With Lower Survival in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633675. [PMID: 33869179 PMCID: PMC8047116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic evidence suggests a role for the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in gastric cancer. However, Wnt5a, regarded as a prototypical non-canonical Wnt ligand, has also been extensively associated with this disease. Therefore, the roles of the Wnt signaling pathway in gastric cancer initiation and progression, and particularly the precise mechanisms by which the non-canonical Wnt pathway might promote the development and progression of gastric cancer, are not entirely well understood. This article analyzes publicly available gene and protein expression data and reveals the existence of a WNT5A/FZD2/FZD7/ROR2 signature, which correlates with tumor-infiltrating and mesenchymal cell marker expression. High expression of FZD7 and ROR2 correlates with a shared gene and protein expression profile, which in turn correlates with poor prognosis. In summary, the findings presented in this article provide an updated view of the relative contributions of the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt pathways in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Astudillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ji H, Ding X, Zhang W, Zheng Y, Du H, Zheng Y, Song H, Li M, Jiang Y, Xie J, Wu M, Jiao P, Wang Z, Wu H, Zhong Y. Claudin-7 Inhibits Proliferation and Metastasis in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Through Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720943583. [PMID: 32749148 PMCID: PMC7563826 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720943583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate claudin-7 (CLDN7) expression in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) and its function in SACC cells. We determined CLDN7 expression in SACC tumors via immunohistochemistry and western blotting and evaluated the association between CLDN7 expression and clinicopathologic variables. Besides this, we constructed a stably transfected CLDN7 knockdown SACC-LM cell line via RNAi and assessed its biological behavior changes (cell viability, migration, and invasion). The correlation between CLDN7 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was analyzed. Additionally, a subcutaneous tumor formation model was used to assess SACC-LM cells tumorigenicity after the CLDN7 knockdown. In the present study, we found the CLDN7 expression of tumor group was lower than that in normal salivary glands and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, recurrence, and gender. CLDN7 knockdown could add the proliferation and metastasis ability of SACC by regulating EMT through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, CLDN7 knockdown in SACC promoted tumor growth in nude mice. CLDN7 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SACC. Thus, CLDN7 expression might be a useful marker to identify the potential for progression in SACC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Both the authors are co-first authors
| | - Xu Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Both the authors are co-first authors
| | - Wei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangyu Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Stomatology, Department of Oral Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Busch M, Klein S, Große-Kreul J, Scheiner O, Metz K, Stephan H, Dünker N. p53, miR-34a and EMP1-Newly Identified Targets of TFF3 Signaling in Y79 Retinoblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174129. [PMID: 31450568 PMCID: PMC6747266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor family peptide 3 (TFF3) is supposed to have tumor suppressive functions in retinoblastoma (RB), but the functional pathway is not completely understood. In the study presented, we investigated the downstream pathway of TFF3 signaling in Y79 RB cells. Results from pG13-luciferase reporter assays and western blot analyses indicate induced p53 activity with an upregulation of miR-34a after TFF3 overexpression. Expression levels of the predicted miR-34a target epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) are reduced after TFF3 overexpression. As revealed by WST-1 assay, BrdU, and DAPI cell counts viability and proliferation of Y79 cells significantly decrease following EMP1 knockdown, while apoptosis levels significantly increase. Opposite effects on Y79 cells’ growth could be shown after EMP1 overexpression. Caspase assays showed that EMP1 induced apoptosis after overexpression is at least partially caspase-3/7 dependent. Colony formation and soft agarose assays, testing for anchorage independent growth, revealed that EMP1 overexpressing Y79 cells have a significantly higher ability to form colonies. In in ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays inoculated EMP1 overexpressing Y79 cells form significantly larger CAM tumors. Moreover, miR-34a overexpression increases sensitivity of Y79 cells towards RB chemotherapeutics, however, without involvement of EMP1. In summary, the TFF3 signaling pathway in Y79 RB cells involves the activation of p53 with downstream induction of miR-34a and subsequent inhibition of EMP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Busch
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Klein
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Große-Kreul
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver Scheiner
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Metz
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Harald Stephan
- Division of Haematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan S, Yang B, Zhao J, Zhao J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen W. A ropy exopolysaccharide producing strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum YS108R alleviates DSS-induced colitis by maintenance of the mucosal barrier and gut microbiota modulation. Food Funct 2019; 10:1595-1608. [PMID: 30806428 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B. longum has been reported to exert an alleviative effect on colitis, but the results also suggested significant differences among strains. Here in this study, we compared the effect of B. longum subsp. longum strains with different properties in EPS production on DSS-induced colitis. To investigate the alleviative effect of a ropy-exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum YS108R, on experimental colitis, C57BL/6J mice (male, 6-8 weeks old) were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 8): normal control, DSS colitis and four DSS colitis groups orally administered with three B. longum subsp. longum strains (YS108R, C11A10B and HAN4-25) and B. animalis subsp. lactis BB12, respectively, in which YS108R produced ropy-EPS, C11A10B produced non-ropy-EPS, HAN4-25 did not produce EPS and BB12 was set as a positive control. Ropy-EPS producing strain YS108R could alleviate the symptoms and remit inflammation induced by DSS, in which YS108R could decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and IL-17A levels after DSS challenge (from 102 ± 45.22 to 37.95 ± 20.33 pg mL-1 and from 22.14 ± 5.43 to 12.58 ± 2.74, p < 0.05), but another non-ropy-EPS producing strain C11A10B did not decrease the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, YS108R could maintain the expression levels of genes related to the mucosal barrier, but strain HAN4-25, a non-EPS producer, was not able to maintain the expression levels of these genes after DSS challenge. Analysis of gut microbiota showed that DSS treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae (0.2623 ± 0.162 and 0.0512 ± 0.0361) and decreased the relative abundance of S24-7 (0.042 ± 0.0326); however, YS108R administration could decrease the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae to 0.0848 ± 0.0399 and 0.0032 ± 0.0047 and increase the relative abundance of S24-7 to 0.2625 ± 0.0566 (p < 0.05). The results showed that B. longum subsp. longum YS108R could alleviate DSS-induced colitis by modulating the inflammation related cytokines, maintenance of the normal mucosal barrier and reverting the change of microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li F, Pascal LE, Stolz DB, Wang K, Zhou Y, Chen W, Xu Y, Chen Y, Dhir R, Parwani AV, Nelson JB, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Balasubramani GK, Gingrich JR, Maranchie JK, Jacobs BL, Davies BJ, Hrebinko RL, Bigley JD, McBride D, Guo P, He D, Wang Z. E-cadherin is downregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia and required for tight junction formation and permeability barrier in the prostatic epithelial cell monolayer. Prostate 2019; 79:1226-1237. [PMID: 31212363 PMCID: PMC6599563 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the presence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the stromal compartment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Since PSA is expressed exclusively by prostatic luminal epithelial cells, PSA in the BPH stroma suggests increased tissue permeability and the compromise of epithelial barrier integrity. E-cadherin, an important adherens junction component and tight junction regulator, is known to exhibit downregulation in BPH. These observations suggest that the prostate epithelial barrier is disrupted in BPH and E-cadherin downregulation may increase epithelial barrier permeability. METHODS The ultra-structure of cellular junctions in BPH specimens was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and E-cadherin immunostaining analysis was performed on BPH and normal adjacent specimens from BPH patients. In vitro cell line studies using benign prostatic epithelial cell lines were performed to determine the impact of small interfering RNA knockdown of E-cadherin on transepithelial electrical resistance and diffusion of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran in transwell assays. RESULTS The number of kiss points in tight junctions was reduced in BPH epithelial cells as compared with the normal adjacent prostate. Immunostaining confirmed E-cadherin downregulation and revealed a discontinuous E-cadherin staining pattern in BPH specimens. E-cadherin knockdown increased monolayer permeability and disrupted tight junction formation without affecting cell density. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that tight junctions are compromised in BPH and loss of E-cadherin is potentially an important underlying mechanism, suggesting targeting E-cadherin loss could be a potential approach to prevent or treat BPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yadong Xu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Centre West University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yule Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel B Nelson
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Goundappa K Balasubramani
- Department of Epidemiology, Epidemiology Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey R Gingrich
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jodi K Maranchie
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce L Jacobs
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benjamin J Davies
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald L Hrebinko
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel D Bigley
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dawn McBride
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soutto M, Chen Z, Bhat AA, Wang L, Zhu S, Gomaa A, Bates A, Bhat NS, Peng D, Belkhiri A, Piazuelo MB, Washington MK, Steven XC, Peek R, El-Rifai W. Activation of STAT3 signaling is mediated by TFF1 silencing in gastric neoplasia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3039. [PMID: 31292446 PMCID: PMC6620282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TFF1, a secreted protein, plays an essential role in keeping the integrity of gastric mucosa and its barrier function. Loss of TFF1 expression in the TFF1-knockout (KO) mouse leads to a pro-inflammatory phenotype with a cascade of gastric lesions that include low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and adenocarcinomas. In this study, we demonstrate nuclear localization of p-STATY705, with significant overexpression of several STAT3 target genes in gastric glands from the TFF1-KO mice. We also show frequent loss of TFF1 with nuclear localization of STAT3 in human gastric cancers. The reconstitution of TFF1 protein in human gastric cancer cells and 3D gastric glands organoids from TFF1-KO mice abrogates IL6-induced nuclear p-STAT3Y705 expression. Reconstitution of TFF1 inhibits IL6-induced STAT3 transcription activity, suppressing expression of its target genes. TFF1 blocks IL6Rα-GP130 complex formation through interfering with binding of IL6 to its receptor IL6Rα. These findings demonstrate a functional role of TFF1 in suppressing gastric tumorigenesis by impeding the IL6-STAT3 pro-inflammatory signaling axis. Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a protein secreted by the gastric mucosa that protects against gastric tumourigenesis. Here, the authors show that TFF1 inhibits the oncogenic inflammatory response and IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation by interfering with the binding of IL6 to its receptor IL6Rα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Soutto
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shoumin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andreia Bates
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nadeem S Bhat
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dunfa Peng
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Abbes Belkhiri
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xi Chen Steven
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Richard Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zeisel MB, Dhawan P, Baumert TF. Tight junction proteins in gastrointestinal and liver disease. Gut 2019; 68:547-561. [PMID: 30297438 PMCID: PMC6453741 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades a growing body of evidence has demonstrated an important role of tight junction (TJ) proteins in the physiology and disease biology of GI and liver disease. On one side, TJ proteins exert their functional role as integral proteins of TJs in forming barriers in the gut and the liver. Furthermore, TJ proteins can also be expressed outside TJs where they play important functional roles in signalling, trafficking and regulation of gene expression. A hallmark of TJ proteins in disease biology is their functional role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. A causative role of TJ proteins has been established in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. Among the best characterised roles of TJ proteins in liver disease biology is their function as cell entry receptors for HCV-one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. At the same time TJ proteins are emerging as targets for novel therapeutic approaches for GI and liver disease. Here we review our current knowledge of the role of TJ proteins in the pathogenesis of GI and liver disease biology and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu C, Wang K, Ding YH, Li WJ, Ding L. Claudin-7 gene knockout causes destruction of intestinal structure and animal death in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:584-599. [PMID: 30774273 PMCID: PMC6371004 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i5.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudin-7, one of the important components of cellular tight junctions, is currently considered to be expressed abnormally in colorectal inflammation and colorectal cancer. However, there is currently no effective animal model to study its specific mechanism. Therefore, we constructed three lines of Claudin-7 knockout mice using the Cre/LoxP system.
AIM To determine the function of the tumor suppressor gene Claudin-7 by generating three lines of Claudin-7 gene knockout mice.
METHODS We crossed Claudin-7-floxed mice with CMV-Cre, vil1-Cre, and villin-CreERT2 transgenic mice, and the offspring were self-crossed to obtain conventional Claudin-7 knockout mice, conditional (intestinal specific) Claudin-7 knockout mice, and inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice. Intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen into the inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice can induce the knockout of Claudin-7. PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to identify mouse genotypes, and Western blot was used to confirm the knockout of Claudin-7. The mental state, body length, and survival time of these mice were observed. The dying mice were sacrificed, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to observe changes in intestinal structure and proliferation markers.
RESULTS We generated Claudin-7-floxed mice and three lines of Claudin-7 gene knockout mice using the Cre/LoxP system successfully. Conventional and intestinal specific Claudin-7 knockout mice were stunted and died during the perinatal period, and intestinal HE staining in these mice revealed mucosal gland structure disappearance and connective tissue hyperplasia with extensive inflammatory cell infiltration. The inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice had a normal phenotype at birth, but after the induction with tamoxifen, they exhibited a dying state. Intestinal HE staining showed significant inflammatory cell infiltration, and atypical hyperplasia and adenoma were also observed. Intestinal immunohistochemistry analysis showed abnormal expression and distribution of Ki67, and the normal intestinal proliferation balance was disrupted. The intestinal crypt size in inducible conditional Claudin-7 knockout mice was increased compared with control mice (small intestine: 54.1 ± 2.96 vs 38.4 ± 1.63; large intestine: 44.7 ± 1.93 vs 27.4 ± 0.60; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION The knockout of Claudin-7 in vivo causes extensive inflammation, atypical hyperplasia, and adenoma in intestinal tissue as well as animal death in mice. Claudin-7 may act as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yu-Han Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, Al-Naemi HA, Haris M, Uddin S. Tight Junction Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Inflammation: A Functional Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1942. [PMID: 30728783 PMCID: PMC6351700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial cells to organize through cell–cell adhesion into a functioning epithelium serves the purpose of a tight epithelial protective barrier. Contacts between adjacent cells are made up of tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes with unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. These proteins mediate firm mechanical stability, serves as a gatekeeper for the paracellular pathway, and helps in preserving tissue homeostasis. TJ proteins are involved in maintaining cell polarity, in establishing organ-specific apical domains and also in recruiting signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. As a vital component of the epithelial barrier, TJs are under a constant threat from proinflammatory mediators, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding inflammation and the development of disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients reveal loss of TJ barrier function, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and immune dysregulation; yet, the relationship between these events is partly understood. Although TJ barrier defects are inadequate to cause experimental IBD, mucosal immune activation is changed in response to augmented epithelial permeability. Thus, the current studies suggest that altered barrier function may predispose or increase disease progression and therapies targeted to specifically restore the barrier function may provide a substitute or supplement to immunologic-based therapies. This review provides a brief introduction about the TJs, AJs, structure and function of TJ proteins. The link between TJ proteins and key signaling pathways in cell proliferation, transformation, and metastasis is discussed thoroughly. We also discuss the compromised intestinal TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions, and the signaling mechanisms involved that bridge inflammation and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo J, Chimge NO, Zhou B, Flodby P, Castaldi A, Firth AL, Liu Y, Wang H, Yang C, Marconett CN, Crandall ED, Offringa IA, Frenkel B, Borok Z. CLDN18.1 attenuates malignancy and related signaling pathways of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo and in vitro. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:3169-3180. [PMID: 30325015 PMCID: PMC6263834 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are a family of transmembrane proteins integral to the structure and function of tight junctions (TJ). Disruption of TJ and alterations in claudin expression are important features of invasive and metastatic cancer cells. Expression of CLDN18.1, the lung-specific isoform of CLDN18, is markedly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma (LuAd). Furthermore, we recently observed that aged Cldn18 -/- mice have increased propensity to develop LuAd. We now demonstrate that CLDN18.1 expression correlates inversely with promoter methylation and with LuAd patient mortality. In addition, when restored in LuAd cells that have lost expression, CLDN18.1 markedly attenuates malignant properties including xenograft tumor growth in vivo as well as cell proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage-independent colony formation in vitro. Based on high throughput analyses of Cldn18 -/- murine lung alveolar epithelial type II cells, as well as CLDN18.1-repleted human LuAd cells, we hypothesized and subsequently confirmed by Western analysis that CLDN18.1 inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and AKT phosphorylation. Consistent with recent data in Cldn18 -/- knockout mice, expression of CLDN18.1 in human LuAd cells also decreased expression of transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) and their target genes, contributing to its tumor suppressor activity. Moreover, analysis of LuAd cells in which YAP and/or TAZ are silenced with siRNA suggests that inhibition of TAZ, and possibly YAP, is also involved in CLDN18.1-mediated AKT inactivation. Taken together, these data indicate a tumor suppressor role for CLDN18.1 in LuAd mediated by a regulatory network that encompasses YAP/TAZ, IGF-1R and AKT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nyam-Osor Chimge
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy L. Firth
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Crystal N. Marconett
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward D. Crandall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ite A. Offringa
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Baruch Frenkel
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu C, Wang X, Li W, Wang K, Ding L. Expression and Clinical Significance of Claudin-7 in Patients With Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2018. [PMCID: PMC6295773 DOI: 10.1177/1533033818817774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Claudin-7 is a component of tight junctions and plays important roles in maintaining cell polarity and tightly connecting the barriers between cells. Abnormal claudin-7 protein expression is closely related to tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between claudin-7 expression and carcinogenesis or metastasis in colorectal cancer and the clinical significance of these relationships. Materials and Methods: In this study, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure the claudin-7 levels in serum from patients with colorectal cancer. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to measure claudin-7 expression in colorectal cancer tissues, paracancerous tissues, and metastatic tissues. Results: Serum claudin-7 levels were significantly lower in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry indicated that claudin-7 expression was lower in colorectal cancer tissues than in normal colorectal tissues, and its expression level was positively correlated with the degree of colorectal cancer tissue differentiation. Claudin-7 expression levels were significantly reduced or undetectable in metastatic tissues compared to primary tumor tissues, but there were no significant differences in claudin-7 expression among different metastatic tissues. Conclusion: We confirmed that claudin-7 downregulation was associated with colorectal cancer and metastasis. Claudin-7 could be a tumor suppressor gene for colorectal cancer and may thus serve an early diagnostic marker and a novel therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Liangxiang Hospital, Fangshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yeh CN, Chen MH, Chang YC, Wu RC, Tsao LC, Wang SY, Cheng CT, Chiang KC, Chen TW, Hsiao M, Weng WH. Over-expression of TNNI3K is associated with early-stage carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:270-278. [PMID: 30334579 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease with very poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and resistance to traditional chemotherapies and radiotherapies. Herein, thioacetamide (TAA)-induced rat CCA model and CGCCA cell line were used; we aim to study the cytogenetic features during tumoral development of CCA and uncover the mystery regarding carcinogenesis of CCA. The Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis, in silico method, gene knockdown, Western blot, cell count proliferation assay, clonogenecity assay, and IHC staining were applied in this study. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was performed on all different TAA-induced phases of rat tissues to reveal the certain pattern, +2q45, +Xq22, -12p12, have been identified for the tumor early stage, where involve the gene TNNI3K. In addition, 16 genes and 3 loci were associated with rapid tumor progression; JAK-STAT signaling pathway was highly correlated to late stage of CCA. In silico database was used to observe TNNI3K was highly express at tumor part compared with normal adjacent tissue in CCA patients from TCGA dataset. Furthermore, the growth of TNNI3K-knockdown SNU308 and HuCCT1 cells decreased when compared with cells transfected with an empty vector cell demonstrated by proliferation and colonogenecity assay. Besides, over expression of TNNI3K was especially confirmed on human CCA tumors and compared with the intrahepatic duct stone bile duct tissues and normal bile duct tissues (P < 0.001). Our findings might uncover the mystery regarding carcinogenesis of CCA, and provide the potential genetic mechanism to the clinicians some ideas for the patients' treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Cheng Tsao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chun Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kee-lung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu L, Oshima T, Li M, Tomita T, Fukui H, Watari J, Miwa H. Filaggrin and tight junction proteins are crucial for IL-13-mediated esophageal barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G341-G350. [PMID: 29746170 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00404.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an allergy-mediated disease that is accompanied by IL-13 overexpression and an impaired esophageal barrier. Filaggrin (FLG) and tight junction (TJ) proteins are considered to contribute to epithelial barrier function. However, their functional involvement in EoE has not been elucidated. Here, we aimed to determine the IL-13-mediated barrier dysfunction and expression of TJ-related proteins in EoE and to characterize interactions among TJ-related proteins involved in the barrier function of the esophageal epithelium. Biopsy specimens from EoE patients were analyzed. Primary human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs) were cultured using an air-liquid interface (ALI) system. The permeability of TJs was assayed by biotinylation. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured after stimulation with IL-13 and after siRNA silencing of FLG expression. FLG and TJ genes and proteins were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescent staining. The biotinylation reagent diffused through the paracellular spaces of whole stratified epithelial layers in EoE biopsy samples. The TEER decreased in ALI-cultured HEECs after IL-13 stimulation. Although the protein level of FLG decreased, that of the TJ proteins increased in the mucosa of EoE biopsy samples and in ALI-cultured HEECs after IL-13 stimulation. IL-13 altered the staining patterns of TJ proteins and the epithelial morphology. FLG siRNA transfection significantly decreased TEER. The IL-13-mediated reduced esophageal barrier is associated with the altered expression pattern but not with the levels of TJ-associated proteins. A deficiency of FLG altered the stratified epithelial barrier. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Esophageal permeability to small molecules was increased in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and could be induced by IL-13 in our unique air-liquid interface-cultured primary multilayer human esophageal epithelial cells in vitro. A deficiency of filaggrin disrupted the esophageal stratified epithelial barrier. The decreased esophageal barrier in EoE was associated with the altered staining pattern of tight junction proteins, although the levels of the proteins themselves do not appear to be changed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu , Chengdu , China
| | - Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Min Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu , Chengdu , China
| | - Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Jiro Watari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine , Nishinomiya , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang W, Liu S, Zhan H, Yan Z, Zhang G. Transcriptome sequencing identifies key pathways and genes involved in gastric adenocarcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3673-3682. [PMID: 30106143 PMCID: PMC6131596 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the key pathways and genes associated with gastric adenocarcinoma via transcriptome sequencing. Five pairs of gastric adenocarcinoma tissue and normal tumor-adjacent tissue were harvested. After sequencing, raw data were processed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and control groups were screened, followed by functional enrichment analysis and gene clustering analysis. The effect of DEGs on patient prognosis was analyzed on the basis of the survival data from gastric adenocarcinoma patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Several genes were validated through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In total, 1,477 upregulated and 282 downregulated DEGs were screened in tumor groups. These genes were segregated into four clusters. Genes in cluster 1 were significantly involved in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, genes in cluster 2 were majorly involved in apoptosis, tight junction formation, and platelet activation, genes in cluster 3 were primarily enriched in the p53 signaling pathway and genes in cluster 4 were significantly enriched in the insulin resistance pathway. Furthermore, 15 DEGs significantly influenced prognosis, including F2R, CTHRC1, and RASGRP3. The expression levels of CYP2B6, MAPK13, CTHRC, RASGRP3 and PYGM were consistent with our analysis results. In conclusion, pathways for metabolism of xenobiotics via cytochrome P450, apoptosis, tight junction formation, platelet activation, and insulin resistance may serve important roles in the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma. Notably, CTHRC1 and RASGRP3 may serve as key prognostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shaozhuang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hanxiang Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhibo Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barbhuiya MA, Kashyap MK, Puttamallesh VN, Kumar RV, Wu X, Pandey A, Gowda H. Identification of spleen tyrosine kinase as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18422-18434. [PMID: 29719615 PMCID: PMC5915082 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of esophageal cancers in China, India and Iran are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). A timely diagnosis provides surgical removal as the main therapeutic option for patients with ESCC. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for ESCC. We carried out reverse phase protein array-based protein expression profiling of seven ESCC-derivedcell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC. SYK non-receptortyrosine kinase was overexpressed in six out of seven ESCC cell lines that were used in the study. We evaluated the role of SYK in ESCC using the pharmacological inhibitor entospletinib (GS-9973) and siRNA-based knock down studies. Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of SYK, which is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate that treatment with entospletinib significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further clinical studies are needed to prove the efficacy of entospletinib as a targeted therapeutic agent for treating ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A. Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj K. Kashyap
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Vinuth N. Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Barbhuiya MA, Kashyap MK, Puttamallesh VN, Kumar RV, Wu X, Pandey A, Gowda H. Identification of spleen tyrosine kinase as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma using reverse phase protein arrays. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29719615 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24853,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of esophageal cancers in China, India and Iran are esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). A timely diagnosis provides surgical removal as the main therapeutic option for patients with ESCC. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available for ESCC. We carried out reverse phase protein array-based protein expression profiling of seven ESCC-derivedcell lines and a non-neoplastic esophageal epithelial cell line (Het-1A) to identify differentially expressed proteins in ESCC. SYK non-receptortyrosine kinase was overexpressed in six out of seven ESCC cell lines that were used in the study. We evaluated the role of SYK in ESCC using the pharmacological inhibitor entospletinib (GS-9973) and siRNA-based knock down studies. Entospletinib is a selective inhibitor of SYK, which is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for hematological malignancies. Using in vivo subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, we demonstrate that treatment with entospletinib significantly inhibits tumor growth. Further clinical studies are needed to prove the efficacy of entospletinib as a targeted therapeutic agent for treating ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manoj K Kashyap
- School of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Vinuth N Puttamallesh
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India
| | - Xinyan Wu
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang YW, Cheng HL, Ding YR, Chou LH, Chow NH. EMP1, EMP 2, and EMP3 as novel therapeutic targets in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:199-211. [PMID: 28408326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial membrane protein genes 1, 2, and 3 (EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3) belong to the peripheral myelin protein 22-kDa (PMP22) gene family, which consists of at least seven members: PMP22, EMP1, EMP2, EMP3, PERP, brain cell membrane protein 1, and MP20. This review addresses the structural and functional features of EMPs, detailing their tissue distribution and functions in the human body, their expression pattern in a variety of tumors, and highlighting the underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The implications in cancer biology, patient prognosis prediction, and potential application in disease therapy are discussed. For example, EMP1 was reported to be a biomarker of gefitinib resistance in lung cancer and contributes to prednisolone resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. EMP2 functions as an oncogene in human endometrial and ovarian cancers; however, characteristics of EMP2 in urothelial cancer fulfill the criteria of a suppressor gene. Of particular interest, EMP3 overexpression in breast cancer is significantly related to strong HER-2 expression. Co-expression of HER-2 and EMP3 is the most important indicator of progression-free and metastasis-free survival for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Altogether, discovery of pharmacological inhibitors and/or regulators of EMP protein activity could open novel strategies for enhanced therapy against EMP-mediated human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ling Cheng
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Rou Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hsuan Chou
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang Y, Yu Y. Transgenic and gene knockout mice in gastric cancer research. Oncotarget 2017; 8:3696-3710. [PMID: 27713138 PMCID: PMC5356912 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models are useful tool for carcinogenic study. They will greatly enrich the understanding of pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms for gastric cancer. However, only few of mice could develop gastric cancer spontaneously. With the development and improvement of gene transfer technology, investigators created a variety of transgenic and knockout/knockin mouse models of gastric cancer, such as INS-GAS mice and gastrin knockout mice. Combined with helicobacter infection and carcinogens treatment, these transgenic/knockout/knockin mice developed precancerous or cancerous lesions, which are proper for gene function study or experimental therapy. Here we review the progression of genetically engineered mouse models on gastric cancer research, and emphasize the effects of chemical carcinogens or infectious factors on carcinogenesis of genetically modified mouse. We also emphasize the histological examination on mouse stomach. We expect to provide researchers with some inspirations on this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Jiang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Singh AB, Uppada SB, Dhawan P. Claudin proteins, outside-in signaling, and carcinogenesis. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:69-75. [PMID: 27988840 PMCID: PMC6166644 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Environment affects an individual's development and disease risk which then suggest that the environmental cues must have ways of reaching to the cellular nuclei to orchestrate desired genetic changes. Polarized and differentiated epithelial cells join together by cell-cell adhesions to create a protective sheet which separates body's internal milieu from its environment, albeit in highly regulated manner. Among these cell-cell adhesions, a key role of tight junction, the apical cell-cell adhesion, in maintaining epithelial cell polarity and differentiation is well recognized. Moreover, significant changes in expression and cellular distribution of claudin proteins, integral component of the tight junction, characterize pathophysiological changes including neoplastic growth and progression. Studies have further confirmed existence of complex claudin-based interactomes and demonstrated that changes in such protein partnering can influence barrier integrity and communication between a cell and its environment to produce undesired outcome. Cell signaling is the process by which cells respond to their environment to make dynamic decisions to live, grow and proliferate, or die. Thus, pivotal role of the deregulated tight junction structure/function in influencing cellular signaling cascades to alter cellular phenotype can be envisaged, however, is not well understood. Needless to mention that advanced knowledge in this area can help improve therapeutic considerations and preventive measures. Here, we discuss potential role of the tight junction in the regulation of "outside-in" signaling to regulate cancer growth, with specific focus upon the claudin family of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Emara NM, Abd El-Maksoud AA, Ibrahim E, Zeidan AM, Nouh AM. Prognostic value of claudin-4, nm23-H1, and MIB-1 in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 36:149-157. [DOI: 10.1097/01.xej.0000504533.36954.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
27
|
Song B, Du J, Deng N, Ren JC, Shu ZB. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3866-3874. [PMID: 27895742 PMCID: PMC5104197 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, gene expression profiles were analyzed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA). A gene expression dataset (accession number GSE29272) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, and consisted of 62 GCA samples and 62 normal controls, as well as 72 GNCA samples and 72 normal controls. The two groups of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were compared to obtain common and unique DEGs. A differential analysis was performed using the Linear Models for Microarray Data package in R. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted for the DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for the DEGs with information from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. Subnetworks were extracted from the whole network with Cytoscape. Compared with the control, 284 and 268 genes were differentially-expressed in GCA and GNCA, respectively, of which 194 DEGs were common between GCA and GNCA. Common DEGs [e.g., claudin (CLDN)7, CLDN4 and CLDN3] were associated with cell adhesion and digestion. GCA-unique DEGs [e.g., MAD1 mitotic arrest deficient like 1, cyclin (CCN)B1, CCNB2 and CCNE1] were associated with the cell cycle and the regulation of cell proliferation, while GNCA-unique DEGs (e.g., GATA binding protein 6 and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1) were implicated in cell death. A PPI network with 141 nodes and 446 edges were obtained, from which two subnetworks were extracted. Genes [e.g., fibronectin 1, collagen type I α2 chain (COL1A2) and COL1A1] from the two subnetworks were implicated in extracellular matrix organization. These common DEGs could advance our understanding of the etiology of gastric cancer, while the unique DEGs in GCA and GNCA could better define the properties of specific cancers and provide potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis or therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Neng Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Chen Ren
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, The Tumor Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Bo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tokumitsu T, Sato Y, Yamashita A, Moriguchi-Goto S, Kondo K, Nanashima A, Asada Y. Immunocytochemistry for Claudin-18 and Maspin in biliary brushing cytology increases the accuracy of diagnosing pancreatobiliary malignancies. Cytopathology 2016; 28:116-121. [PMID: 27527114 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biliary brush cytology is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pancreatobiliary malignancies. However, it is difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign cells. The present study evaluated the utility of immunocytochemical expression of Claudin-18 and Maspin in brushing cytology specimens of pancreatobiliary lesions in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary malignancies. METHODS The study retrospectively assessed biliary and pancreatic duct brushing cytology specimens of 43 patients whose pancreatobiliary lesions were histologically diagnosed at the University of Miyazaki Hospital. Scanty cellularity slides and cases with no histological confirmation were excluded. Alcohol-fixed and Papanicolaou-stained slides were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to Claudin-18 and Maspin. RESULTS Of the 43 patients, 35 (81.4%) were finally histologically diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity of routine cytology for the detection of malignancy was 63%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of cytology in combination with immunocytochemical expression of Claudin-18 (89%) or Claudin-18 and/or Maspin (97%) was significantly higher than that of cytology alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Immunocytochemical staining for Claudin-18 and Maspin improved the diagnostic sensitivity for pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tokumitsu
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - A Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Moriguchi-Goto
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Community Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - A Nanashima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosal barrier plays an essential role in the separation of the inside of the body from the outside environment. Tight junctions (TJs) are the most important component for construction of a constitutive barrier of epithelial cells, and they regulate the permeability of the barrier by tightly sealing the cell-cell junctions. TJ proteins are represented by claudins, occludin, junctional adhesion molecules, and scaffold protein zonula occludens. Among these TJ proteins, claudins are the major components of TJs and are responsible for the barrier and the polarity of the epithelial cells. Gastrointestinal diseases including reflux esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and cancers may be regulated by these molecules, and disruption of their functions leads to chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic or progressive disease. Therefore, regulation of the barrier function of epithelial cells by regulating the expression and localization of TJ proteins is a potential new target for the treatment of these diseases. Treatment strategies for these diseases might thus be largely altered if symptom generation and/or immune dysfunction could be regulated through improvement of mucosal barrier function. Since TJ proteins may also modify tumor infiltration and metastasis, other important goals include finding a good TJ biomarker of cancer progression and patient prognosis, and developing TJ protein-targeted therapies that can modify patient prognosis. This review summarizes current understanding of gastrointestinal barrier function, TJ protein expression, and the mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysregulation in gastrointestinal diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Claudin-18 inhibits cell proliferation and motility mediated by inhibition of phosphorylation of PDK1 and Akt in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1170-8. [PMID: 26919807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of claudin subtypes has been reported in various cancers. However, the pathological role of each claudin has not been clarified in detail. Claudin-18 was absent in human non-small cell and small cell lung cancers, although it is expressed in normal lung tissues. Here, we examined the effect of claudin-18 expression on the expression of junctional proteins, cell proliferation, and cell motility using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting showed that exogenous expression of claudin-18 had no effect on the expression of junctional proteins including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and E-cadherin. Claudin-18 was mainly distributed in cell-cell contact areas concomitant with ZO-1. Cell proliferation was significantly decreased at 48 and 72h after seeding of claudin 18-expressing cells. Claudin-18 suppressed cell motility, whereas it increased cell death in anoikis. Claudin-18 decreased phosphorylated (p)-3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and p-Akt levels without affecting p-epidermal growth factor receptor and p-phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) levels. Furthermore, claudin-18 was bound with PDK1 and suppressed the nuclear localization of PDK1. We suggest that claudin-18 suppresses the abnormal proliferation and motility of lung epithelial cells mediated by inhibition of the PI3K/PDK1/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
31
|
Mukai S, Oue N, Oshima T, Mukai R, Tatsumoto Y, Sakamoto N, Sentani K, Tanabe K, Egi H, Hinoi T, Ohdan H, Yasui W. Overexpression of Transmembrane Protein BST2 is Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Esophageal, Gastric, or Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 24:594-602. [PMID: 26832883 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, including gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is the most common malignancy worldwide. To identify genes that encode transmembrane proteins present in GI cancer, Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap libraries were generated from MKN-74 GC cells, and BST2 was identified as overexpressed in GC. This study analyzed the expression and function of the BST2 gene in human GI cancers and examined the relationship between bone marrow stromal antigen-2 (BST-2) expression and GI patient clinicopathologic characteristics. METHODS Expression and distribution of BST-2 protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 180 GC cases, 140 CRC cases, and 132 ESCC cases. Cell growth was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of BST-2 in GC tissues showed that 65 (36 %) of 180 GC cases were positive for BST-2. Uni- and multivariate analyses demonstrated that BST-2 expression is an independent prognostic classifier of GC patients. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that 46 % of 140 CRC cases and 27 % of 132 ESCC cases were positive for BST-2. In ESCC, BST-2 expression was an independent prognostic predictor for survival. The growth of BST2 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected GC cells was significantly slower than the growth of negative control siRNA-transfected GC cells. The levels of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Akt were lower in BST2 siRNA-transfected GC cells than in control cells. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that BST-2 is involved in tumor progression and serves as an independent prognostic classifier for patients with GC. Because BST-2 is expressed on the cell membrane, BST-2 could be a therapeutic target for GC, CRC, and ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Risa Mukai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tatsumoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Egi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Hinoi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu Z, Kim DH, Fan J, Lu Q, Verbanac K, Ding L, Renegar R, Chen YH. A non-tight junction function of claudin-7-Interaction with integrin signaling in suppressing lung cancer cell proliferation and detachment. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:120. [PMID: 26081244 PMCID: PMC4470020 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Claudins are a family of tight junction (TJ) membrane proteins involved in a broad spectrum of human diseases including cancer. Claudin-7 is a unique TJ membrane protein in that it has a strong basolateral membrane distribution in epithelial cells and in tissues. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the functional significance of this non-TJ localization of claudin-7 in human lung cancer cells. Methods Claudin-7 expression was suppressed or deleted by lentivirus shRNA or by targeted-gene deletion. Cell cycle analysis and antibody blocking methods were employed to assay cell proliferation and cell attachment, respectively. Electron microscopy and transepthelial electrical resistance measurement were performed to examine the TJ ultrastructure and barrier function. Co-immunolocalization and co-immunoprecipitation was used to study claudin-7 interaction with integrin β1. Tumor growth in vivo were analyzed using athymic nude mice. Results Claudin-7 co-localizes and forms a stable complex with integrin β1. Both suppressing claudin-7 expression by lentivirus shRNA in human lung cancer cells (KD cells) and deletion of claudin-7 in mouse lungs lead to the reduction in integrin β1 and phospho-FAK levels. Suppressing claudin-7 expression increases cell growth and cell cycle progression. More significantly, claudin-7 KD cells have severe defects in cell-matrix interactions and adhere poorly to culture plates with a remarkably reduced integrin β1 expression. When cultured on uncoated glass coverslips, claudin-7 KD cells grow on top of each other and form spheroids while the control cells adhere well and grow as a monolayer. Reintroducing claudin-7 reduces cell proliferation, upregulates integrin β1 expression and increases cell-matrix adhesion. Integrin β1 transfection partially rescues the cell attachment defect. When inoculated into nude mice, claudin-7 KD cells produced significantly larger tumors than control cells. Conclusion In this study, we identified a previously unrecognized function of claudin-7 in regulating cell proliferation and maintaining epithelial cell attachment through engaging integrin β1. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0387-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Junming Fan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Kathryn Verbanac
- Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Randall Renegar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA. .,Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Akhavan-Niaki H, Samadani AA. Molecular insight in gastric cancer induction: an overview of cancer stemness genes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 68:463-73. [PMID: 24078401 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most outgoing human cancers in the world. Two main functional types were described: Intestinal adenocarcinoma and diffuse one. The most important purpose of this review is to analyze and investigate the main genetic factors involved in tumorogenesis of stomach and the molecular mechanism of their expression regulation alongside with the importance of cancer stem cells and their relationship with gastric cancer. It is evident that proper diagnosis of molecular case of cancer may lead to absolute treatment and at least reduction in the disease severity. However, stemness factors such as Sox2, Oct3/4, and Nanog were related with induced pluripotent stem cells, proposing a correlation between these stemness factors and cancer stem cells. Moreover, aberrant induction by Helicobacter pylori of the intestinal-specific homeobox transcription factors, CDX1 and CDX2, also plays an important role in this modification. There are some genes which are directly activated by CDX1 in gastric cancer and distinguished stemness-related reprogramming factors like SALL4 and KLF5. Correspondingly, we also aimed to present the main important epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and chromatin modeling of stemness genes in disease development. Remarkably, a better understanding of molecular bases of cancer may lead to novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches by some genetic and epigenetic changes such as gene amplifications, gene silencing by DNA methylation, losses of imprinting, LOH, and mutations. Consequently, genome-wide searches of gene expression are widely important for surveying the proper mechanisms of cancer emergence and development. Conspicuously, this review explains an outline of the molecular mechanism and new approaches in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu S, Yang M, Nam KT. Mouse models of gastric carcinogenesis. J Gastric Cancer 2014; 14:67-86. [PMID: 25061535 PMCID: PMC4105382 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2014.14.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Animal models have been used to elucidate the details of the molecular mechanisms of various cancers. However, most inbred strains of mice have resistance to gastric carcinogenesis. Helicobacter infection and carcinogen treatment have been used to establish mouse models that exhibit phenotypes similar to those of human gastric cancer. A large number of transgenic and knockout mouse models of gastric cancer have been developed using genetic engineering. A combination of carcinogens and gene manipulation has been applied to facilitate development of advanced gastric cancer; however, it is rare for mouse models of gastric cancer to show aggressive, metastatic phenotypes required for preclinical studies. Here, we review current mouse models of gastric carcinogenesis and provide our perspectives on future developments in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungsook Yu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijeong Yang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hahn-Strömberg V, Askari S, Befekadu R, Matthiessen P, Karlsson S, Nilsson TK. Polymorphisms in the CLDN1 and CLDN7 genes are related to differentiation and tumor stage in colon carcinoma. APMIS 2014; 122:636-42. [PMID: 24479816 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tight junction is composed of transmembrane proteins important for maintaining cell polarity and regulating ion flow. Among these proteins are the tissue-specific claudins, proteins that have recently been suggested as tumor markers for several different types of cancer. An altered claudin expression has been observed in colon, prostatic, ovarian, and breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyze the allele frequencies of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes for claudin 1 and claudin 7 in colon cancer (CC) patients and in a control population of healthy blood donors. Pyrosequencing was used to genotype the CLDN1 SNP rs9869263 (c.369C>T), and the CLDN7 SNPs rs4562 (c.590C>T) and rs374400 (c.606T>G) in DNA from 102 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) colon cancer tissue, and 111 blood leukocyte DNA from blood/plasma donors. These results were correlated with clinical parameters such as TNM stage, tumor localization, tumor differentiation, complexity index, sex, and age. We found that there was a significant association between the CLDN1 genotype CC in tumor samples and a higher risk of colon cancer development (OR 3.0, p < 0.001). We also found that the CLDN7 rs4562 (c.590C>T) genotype CT had a higher risk of lymph node involvement (p = 0.031) and a lower degree of tumor differentiation (p = 0.028). In the control population, the allele frequencies were very similar to those in the HapMap cohort for CLDN7. The CLDN1 rs9869263 genotype (c.369C>T) was related to increased risk of colon cancer, and the CLDN7 rs4562 genotype (c.590C>T) was related to tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement in colon carcinoma. Further studies are warranted to ascertain their potential uses as biomarkers predicting tumor development, proliferation, and outcome in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hahn-Strömberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section for Pathology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jun KH, Kim JH, Jung JH, Choi HJ, Chin HM. Expression of claudin-7 and loss of claudin-18 correlate with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. Int J Surg 2013; 12:156-62. [PMID: 24333468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of claudin-3, claudin-7, and claudin-18 in gastric cancer and to determine the significance of these proteins for patient outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 134 samples were obtained from surgically resected specimens from patients who were diagnosed with gastric carcinoma at a single institution. Paraffin tissue sections from tissue microarray blocks were examined with immunohistochemistry for the expression of claudin-3, claudin-7, and claudin-18. RESULTS In normal gastric tissues, positive immunoreactivity was detected for claudin-18 but not for claudin-3 or claudin-7. Claudin-3 and claudin-7 were expressed in 25.4% and 29.9% of the gastric cancer tissues, respectively. However, 51.5% of gastric cancer tissues exhibited reduced expression of claudin-18. Claudin-7 expression was significantly lower in cases with diffuse histologic type and positive lymphatic invasion. There was a significant inverse correlation between claudin-18 expression and perineural invasion. In the survival analysis, the overall survival time was shorter in patients with claudin-7 expression than in those without claudin-7 expression. However, the overall survival was longer in patients with claudin-18 expression than in those without claudin-18 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the up-regulation of claudin-3 and claudin-7 and the down-regulation of claudin-18 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer. Furthermore, the expression of claudin-7 and the loss of claudin-18 may be independent indicators of a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hwa Jun
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Han Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Joo Choi
- Department of Hospital Pathology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chin
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eftang LL, Esbensen Y, Tannæs TM, Blom GP, Bukholm IRK, Bukholm G. Up-regulation of CLDN1 in gastric cancer is correlated with reduced survival. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:586. [PMID: 24321518 PMCID: PMC4029627 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic changes in gastric adenocarcinoma are extremely complex and reliable tumor markers have not yet been identified. There are also remarkable geographical differences in the distribution of this disease. Our aim was to identify the most differentially regulated genes in 20 gastric adenocarcinomas from a Norwegian selection, compared to matched normal mucosa, and we have related our findings to prognosis, survival and chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods Biopsies from gastric adenocarcinomas and adjacent normal gastric mucosa were obtained from 20 patients immediately following surgical resection of the tumor. Whole genome, cDNA microarray analysis was performed on the RNA isolated from the sample pairs to compare the gene expression profiles between the tumor against matched mucosa. The samples were microscopically examined to classify gastritis. The presence of H. pylori was examined using microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Results 130 genes showed differential regulation above a predefined cut-off level. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Claudin-1 (CLDN1) were the most consistently up-regulated genes in the tumors. Very high CLDN1 expression in the tumor was identified as an independent and significant predictor gene of reduced post-operative survival. There were distinctly different expression profiles between the tumor group and the control mucosa group, and the histological subsets of mixed type, diffuse type and intestinal type cancer demonstrated further sub-clustering. Up-regulated genes were mapped to cell-adhesion, collagen-related processes and angiogenesis, whereas normal intestinal functions such as digestion and excretion were associated with down-regulated genes. We relate the current findings to our previous study on the gene response of gastric epithelial cells to H. pylori infection. Conclusions CLDN1 was highly up-regulated in gastric cancer, and CLDN1 expression was independently associated with a poor post-operative prognosis, and may have important prognostic value. IL-8 and CLDN1 may represent central links between the gene response seen in acute H. pylori infection of gastric epithelial cells, and ultimately gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars L Eftang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Sciences (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, N-1478 Nordbyhagen, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hintsala HR, Siponen M, Haapasaari KM, Karihtala P, Soini Y. Claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in solar keratosis and squamocellular carcinoma of the skin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2855-2863. [PMID: 24294371 PMCID: PMC3843265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Claudins are tight junction proteins regulating the paracellular permeability of cell layers. We investigated the expression of claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in a sample set consisting of a total of 93 cases representing normal skin, actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. There were several changes found in claudin expression. Claudin 1 appeared to be progressively decreased in solar keratosis and skin squamous cell carcinomas compared to normal skin while expression of claudin 2 was increased. With claudins 3 and 5 occasional immunoreactivity was found in squamous cell carcinomas. Claudins 4 and 7 were variably expressed in skin neoplasia compared to normal skin. According to the results expression of claudins 1 and 2 change in parallel with the severity of the epidermal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions thus probably influencing the disturbed epithelial polarity characteristic of these lesions. Claudin 1 under- and claudin 2 overexpression also lead to a leakier epithelial barrier function of the skin with a resulting damage to skin epithelial resistance. Other claudins investigated in this study did not show progressive changes even though occasional overexpression of them was found in skin squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Riikka Hintsala
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Maria Siponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland and Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ding L, Lu Z, Lu Q, Chen YH. The claudin family of proteins in human malignancy: a clinical perspective. Cancer Manag Res 2013; 5:367-75. [PMID: 24232410 PMCID: PMC3825674 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s38294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions, or zonula occludens, are the most apical component of the junctional complex and provide one form of cell-cell adhesion in epithelial and endothelial cells. Nearly 90% of malignant tumors are derived from the epithelium. Loss of cell-cell adhesion is one of the steps in the progression of cancer to metastasis. At least three main tight junction family proteins have been discovered: occludin, claudin, and junctional adhesion molecule (JAM). Claudins are the most important structural and functional components of tight junction integral membrane proteins, with at least 24 members in mammals. They are crucial for the paracellular flux of ions and small molecules. Overexpression or downregulation of claudins is frequently observed in epithelial-derived cancers. However, molecular mechanisms by which claudins affect tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. As the pivotal proteins in epithelial cells, altered expression and distribution of different claudins have been reported in a wide variety of human malignancies, including pancreatic, colonic, lung, ovarian, thyroid, prostate, esophageal, and breast cancers. In this review, we will give the readers an overall picture of the changes in claudin expression observed in various cancers and their mechanisms of regulation. Downregulation of claudins contributes to epithelial transformation by increasing the paracellular permeability of nutrients and growth factors to cancerous cells. In the cases of upregulation of claudin expression, the barrier function of the cancerous epithelia changes, as they often display a disorganized arrangement of tight junction strands with increased permeability to paracellular markers. Finally, we will summarize the literature suggesting that claudins may become useful biomarkers for cancer detection and diagnosis as well as possible therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
[Barrett's esophagus: analyses from human and experimental animal studies]. DER PATHOLOGE 2013; 34:138-47. [PMID: 23430135 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-012-1731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whereas attention in the past has been focused on goblet cells as the primary marker for Barrett's esophagus (BE), the recent change in the definition now includes the non-goblet cell columnar cell-lined esophagus. In the present study the histological features of neoplasia of the lower esophagus and esophago-gastric junction in a German cohort were examined using immunohistochemical staining for MUC, CD10, intestinal and gastric type major tight junction proteins (claudins). Experimental studies using rat duodenogastric content reflux models have also been performed and data show that most neoplastic lesions of the esophageal glands in humans express gastric mucin phenotypes. Cardiac type mucosa was the main histological type in the surrounding mucosa of neoplastic lesions; however, most cardiac type mucosa has intestinal type tight junction proteins. BE with goblet cells has been reported to originate from stem cells located in the basal layer of esophageal squamous cell epithelium in previous models. However, the cardiac type mucosa seems to develop from the site of the stomach and not from the basal layer of esophageal squamous cell epithelium according to our model.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kwon MJ. Emerging roles of claudins in human cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18148-80. [PMID: 24009024 PMCID: PMC3794774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are major integral membrane proteins of tight junctions. Altered expression of several claudin proteins, in particular claudin-1, -3, -4 and -7, has been linked to the development of various cancers. Although their dysregulation in cancer suggests that claudins play a role in tumorigenesis, the exact underlying mechanism remains unclear. The involvement of claudins in tumor progression was suggested by their important role in the migration, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells in a tissue-dependent manner. Recent studies have shown that they play a role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), the formation of cancer stem cells or tumor-initiating cells (CSCs/TICs), and chemoresistance, suggesting that claudins are promising targets for the treatment of chemoresistant and recurrent tumors. A recently identified claudin-low breast cancer subtype that is characterized by the enrichment of EMT and stem cell-like features is significantly associated with disease recurrence, underscoring the importance of claudins as predictors of tumor recurrence. The critical role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of claudin expression indicates the possible application of epigenetic therapy to target claudins. A better understanding of the emerging role of claudins in CSC/TICs and chemoresistance may help to develop therapies against recurrent cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Iravani O, Tay BWR, Chua PJ, Yip GWC, Bay BH. Claudins and gastric carcinogenesis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:344-9. [PMID: 23759999 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213477981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma arises from aberrant growth of normal gastric mucosa. There is increasing evidence that claudins (CLDNs) may play a critical role in the significant steps of gastric tumorigenesis, from metaplasia to metastasis. The CLDN family which consists of at least 27 member proteins is known to mediate selective permeability in cellular tight junctions. It is now established that CLDNs are differentially altered in gastric cancer and CLDN proteins are believed to play different roles in the growth and progression of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Iravani
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhu JL, Gao P, Wang ZN, Song YX, Li AL, Xu YY, Wang MX, Xu HM. Clinicopathological significance of claudin-4 in gastric carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:150. [PMID: 23822740 PMCID: PMC3717126 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of claudin proteins has been reported in a variety of cancers. Previous studies have demonstrated that overexpression of claudin may promote tumorigenesis and metastasis through increased invasion and survival of tumor cells. However, the prognostic significance of claudin-4 in gastric cancer remains unclear. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of claudin-4 in 329 clinical gastric cancer specimens and 44 normal stomach samples, 21 intestinal metaplasia samples, and 21 adjacent precursor lesions dysplasia samples. Statistical analysis methods were used to evaluate the relationship between claudin-4 expression and various clinicopathological parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, respectively, to detect the independent predictors of survival. Results Claudin-4 expression was present in only 7(15.9%) normal gastric samples, but expression of claudin-4 in the intestinal metaplasia lesions and dysplasia lesions was 90.5% and 95.2%, respectively. The expression of claudin-4 was significantly associated with histological differentiation (P < 0.001) and tumor growth patterns (P < 0.001) but not associated with patient survival. However, intermediate type staining of claudin-4 exhibited a trend of correlation with patients’ survival (P = 0.023). The five-year survival rate with low expression of claudin-4 in intermediate type (76.4%) was similar to expanding type (64.5%), while the high expression group (46.6%) was closer to infiltrative type (50.7%). Conclusions The findings in this study demonstrate claudin-4 aberrant expression in gastric cancer and precursor lesions. The expression of claudin-4 could serve as a basis for identifying gastric cancer of the intermediate type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang City 110001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
English DP, Santin AD. Claudins overexpression in ovarian cancer: potential targets for Clostridium Perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE) based diagnosis and therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10412-37. [PMID: 23685873 PMCID: PMC3676847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of tight junction proteins regulating paracellular permeability and cell polarity with different patterns of expression in benign and malignant human tissues. There are approximately 27 members of the claudin family identified to date with varying cell and tissue-specific expression. Claudins-3, -4 and -7 represent the most highly differentially expressed claudins in ovarian cancer. While their exact role in ovarian tumors is still being elucidated, these proteins are thought to be critical for ovarian cancer cell invasion/dissemination and resistance to chemotherapy. Claudin-3 and claudin-4 are the natural receptors for the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a potent cytolytic toxin. These surface proteins may therefore represent attractive targets for the detection and treatment of chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer and other aggressive solid tumors overexpressing claudin-3 and -4 using CPE-based theranostic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana P. English
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Decreased EGR3 expression is related to poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:463-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
46
|
Junctional adhesion molecules 2 and 3 may potentially be involved in progression of gastric adenocarcinoma tumors. Med Oncol 2013; 30:380. [PMID: 23277282 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) of epithelia are responsible for integrity of polarized epithelial cells. It is now well established that the deregulation of their functions and expressions contribute to initiation and progression of cancer through activation of cytoskeleton machinery. The aim of this study was to examine the expression level of two genes encoding tight junction-associated proteins of Jam2 and Jam3 in gastric adenocarcinoma and compare with normal gastric tissues dissected from same patients. Significant difference of expression level for these genes was observed between tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Also, we analyzed the expression level of actin filament-associated protein gene that appears to be a downstream factor of JAM2 and JAM3. The expression level of this gene was significantly higher in tumor tissues. Some correlations between the expression level of these genes with each other and with pathological features were observed. These data brought new evidences for the role of these three genes in progression of gastric adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
47
|
Regulation of Tight Junctions for Therapeutic Advantages. CANCER METASTASIS - BIOLOGY AND TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6028-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
48
|
Lai S, Wang G, Cao X, Li Z, Hu J, Wang J. EMP-1 promotes tumorigenesis of NSCLC through PI3K/AKT pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 32:834-838. [PMID: 23271282 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-012-1043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of EMP-1 in tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and the possible mechanism. Specimens were collected from 28 patients with benign lung diseases and 28 with NSCLC, and immunohistochemically detected to evaluate the correlation of EMP-1 expression to the clinical features of NSCLC. Recombinant adenovirus was constructed to over-express EMP-1 and then infect PC9 cells. Cell proliferation was measured by Ki67 staining. Western blotting was performed to examine the effect of EMP-1 on the PI3K/AKT signaling. Moreover, tumor xenografts were established by subcutaneous injection of PC9 cell suspension (about 5×10(7)/mL in 100 μL of PBS) into the right hind limbs of athymic nude mice. The results showed EMP-1 was significantly up-regulated in NSCLC patients as compared with those with benign lung diseases. Over-expression of EMP-1 promoted proliferation of PC9 cells, which coincided with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. EMP-1 promoted the growth of xenografts of PC9 cells in athymic nude mice. It was concluded that EMP-1 expression may contribute to the development and progress of NSCLC by activating PI3K/AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senyan Lai
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaonian Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Junbo Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Global gene expression and functional network analysis of gastric cancer identify extended pathway maps and GPRC5A as a potential biomarker. Cancer Lett 2012; 326:105-13. [PMID: 22867946 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To get more understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer, 25 paired samples were applied to gene expression microarray analysis. Here, expression microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GPRC5A was significantly elevated in gastric cancer tissues. The integrative network analysis of deregulated genes generated eight subnetworks. We also mapped copy number variations (CNVs) and associated mRNA expression changes into pathways and identified WNT, RTK-Ras-PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, and PLAU-JAK-STAT pathways involved in proliferation, evading apoptosis and sustained angiogenesis, respectively. Taken together, our results reveal several interesting genes including GPRC5A as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer, and highlight more systematical insight of deregulated genes in genetic pathways of gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|