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Lee SH, Kim SH, Nam TM, Jang JH, Kim KH, Lee YS, Kim MS, Kim MS, Jin SY, Lee M, Lee SH, Kim YZ. Epigenetic Regulation of the Expression of T Cell Stimulatory and Inhibitory Factors by Histone H3 Lysine Modification Enzymes and Its Prognostic Roles in Glioblastoma. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e258. [PMID: 37605497 PMCID: PMC10442499 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the specific T cell co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory factors that play prognostic roles in patients with glioblastoma. Additionally, the unique histone H3 modification enzymes that regulate the expression levels of these specific co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory factors were investigated. METHODS The medical records of 84 patients newly diagnosed with glioblastoma at our institution from January 2006 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for T cell co-stimulatory factors (CD27, CD28, CD137, OX40, and ICOS), T cell co-inhibitory factors (CTLA4, PD1, PD-L1, TIM3, and CD200R), and histone H3 lysine modification enzymes (MLL4, RIZ, EZH1, NSD2, KDM5c, JMJD1a, UTX, and JMJD5) was performed on archived paraffin-embedded tissues obtained by biopsy or resection. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for specific factors, which demonstrated causal relationships, in order to validate the findings of the IHC examinations. RESULTS The mean follow-up duration was 27.5 months (range, 4.1-43.5 months). During this period, 76 patients (90.5%) died, and the mean OS was 19.4 months (95% confidence interval, 16.3-20.9 months). Linear positive correlations were observed between the expression levels of CD28 and JMJD1a (R2 linear = 0.982) and those of CD137 and UTX (R2 linear = 1.528). Alternatively, significant negative correlations were observed between the expression levels of CTLA4 and RIZ (R2 linear = -1.746) and those of PD-L1 and EZH1 (R2 linear = -2.118); these relationships were confirmed by qRT-PCR. In the multivariate analysis, increased expression levels of CD28 (P = 0.042), and CD137 (P = 0.009), and decreased expression levels of CTLA4 (P = 0.003), PD-L1 (P = 0.020), and EZH1 (P = 0.040) were significantly associated with longer survival. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the expression of certain T cell co-stimulatory factors, such as CD28 and CD 137, and co-inhibitory factors, such as CTLA4 and PD-L1 are associated with prognosis of glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Taek Min Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyu Hong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
- Translational Responsive Medicine Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mee-Seon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sung Yup Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Moonok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Hun Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Clinomics Inc., Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Zoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea.
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Guo Y, Wang Z, Tian Y, Li L, Dong J. A Ferroptosis-Related lncRNAs Signature Predicts Prognosis of Colon Adenocarcinoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1557. [PMID: 37511932 PMCID: PMC10381171 DOI: 10.3390/life13071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Ferroptosis is a type of cellular death caused by lipid-dependent iron peroxide, which plays a major role in cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulating substances in ferroptosis; (2) RNA sequencing expressions and clinical data of 519 patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression levels of lncRNAs related to ferroptosis were screened with Pearson correlation analysis. Differential genes were enriched with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. LncRNAs related to ferroptosis were determined with univariate Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and patients with COAD were classified into high- and low-risk subgroups according to their median risk score. The prognostic value was further examined, and the association between ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (frlncRNAs) and survival in patients with high and low risks of COAD was validated. A TCGA-COAD data set was used for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to assess prediction accuracy. Finally, a nomogram was constructed to predict survival probability; (3) We obtained a model consisting of a five-frlncRNAs signature comprising AP003555.1, AP001469.3, ITGB1-DT, AC129492.1, and AC010973.2 for determining the overall survival (OS) of patients with COAD. The survival analysis and ROC curves showed that the model had good robustness and predictive performance on the TCGA training set; (4) We found that a five-frlncRNAs signature may play a potential role in anti-COAD immunity. Risk characteristics based on frlncRNAs can accurately predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Animal Science and Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Animal Science and Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Animal Science and Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Lu Y, Li Y, Yu J, Meng S, Bi C, Guan Q, Li L, Qiu L, Qian Z, Zhou S, Gong W, Meng B, Ren X, Armitage J, Zhang H, Fu K, Wang X. OX40 shapes an inflamed tumor immune microenvironment and predicts response to immunochemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Immunol 2023; 251:109637. [PMID: 37150239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OX40 enhances the T-cell activation via costimulatory signaling. However, its molecular characteristics and value in predicting response to immunochemotherapy in DLBCL remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed an integrative analysis of sequencing and multiplex immunofluorescence staining, and discovered abnormally higher expression of OX40 in DLBCL patients. Elevated OX40 could activate T cells leading to a higher immune score for tumor immune microenvironment (TiME). OX40 upregulation simultaneously happened with immune-related genes including PD-1, CTLA4 and TIGIT et,al. Patients with high OX40 expression exhibited a lower Ann Arbor stage and IPI score and more easily achieved a complete response/partial response. The analysis of infiltrated T-cell subset revealed that patients with a greater number of CD4+/OX40+ or CD8+/OX40+ T cells had a longer OS. Our findings indicated that OX40 shapes an inflamed tumor immune microenvironment and predicts response to immunochemotherapy, providing insights for the application of OX40 agonist in DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiao Lu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Shen Meng
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengfeng Bi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Qingpei Guan
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengzi Qian
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiyong Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenchen Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Meng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology/Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - James Armitage
- Section of Oncology & Hematology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Huilai Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China.
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Xianhuo Wang
- Department of Lymphoma, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, the Sino-US Center for Lymphoma and Leukemia Research, Tianjin, China.
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Davis EJ, Martin-Liberal J, Kristeleit R, Cho DC, Blagden SP, Berthold D, Cardin DB, Vieito M, Miller RE, Hari Dass P, Orcurto A, Spencer K, Janik JE, Clark J, Condamine T, Pulini J, Chen X, Mehnert JM. First-in-human phase I/II, open-label study of the anti-OX40 agonist INCAGN01949 in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004235. [PMID: 36316061 PMCID: PMC9628691 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OX40 is a costimulatory receptor upregulated on antigen-activated T cells and constitutively expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs). INCAGN01949, a fully human immunoglobulin G1κ anti-OX40 agonist monoclonal antibody, was designed to promote tumor-specific immunity by effector T-cell activation and Fcγ receptor-mediated Treg depletion. This first-in-human study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of INCAGN01949. METHODS Phase I/II, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study conducted in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Patients received INCAGN01949 monotherapy (7-1400 mg) in 14-day cycles while deriving benefit. Safety measures, clinical activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effects were assessed and summarized with descriptive statistics. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients were enrolled; most common tumor types were colorectal (17.2%), ovarian (8.0%), and non-small cell lung (6.9%) cancers. Patients received a median three (range 1-9) prior therapies, including immunotherapy in 24 patients (27.6%). Maximum tolerated dose was not reached; one patient (1.1%) receiving 350 mg dose reported dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 colitis. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 45 patients (51.7%), with fatigue (16 (18.4%)), rash (6 (6.9%)), and diarrhea (6 (6.9%)) being most frequent. One patient (1.1%) with metastatic gallbladder cancer achieved a partial response (duration of 6.3 months), and 23 patients (26.4%) achieved stable disease (lasting >6 months in one patient). OX40 receptor occupancy was maintained over 90% among all patients receiving doses of ≥200 mg, while no treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies were detected across all dose levels. Pharmacodynamic results demonstrated that treatment with INCAGN01949 did not enhance proliferation or activation of T cells in peripheral blood or reduce circulating Tregs, and analyses of tumor biopsies did not demonstrate any consistent increase in effector T-cell infiltration or function, or decrease in infiltrating Tregs. CONCLUSION No safety concerns were observed with INCAGN01949 monotherapy in patients with metastatic or advanced solid tumors. However, tumor responses and pharmacodynamic effects on T cells in peripheral blood and post-therapy tumor biopsies were limited. Studies evaluating INCAGN01949 in combination with other therapies are needed to further evaluate the potential of OX40 agonism as a therapeutic approach in patients with advanced solid tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02923349.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel C Cho
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Dominik Berthold
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dana B Cardin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Vieito
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Prashanth Hari Dass
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Orcurto
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jason Clark
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Xuejun Chen
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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Zhang Q, Rui W, Jiang Y, Yuan F, Chen Y, Guo X, Zhou Y, Wu Z, Wang C, Ding X. Tumor-infiltrating OX40 + lymphocytes is an independent positive prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:2029-2038. [PMID: 35731350 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OX40 signaling pathway occupies a vital place in anti-tumor immunity; however, the role of tumor-infiltrating OX40+ lymphocytes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains to be identified. METHODS A total of 325 sequential PDAC patients who received curative tumor resection between January 2014 and December 2016 were enrolled. Tissues of these patients were immunohistochemically assessed for tumor infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), and OX40+ lymphocytes. The frequency of OX40+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was then analyzed to various clinicopathological features, densities of tumor infiltration of CD4+ T cells and CTLs, and survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. The risk scores of associated markers were calculated by the Cox proportional-hazards model. RESULTS Our results showed that higher OX40+ lymphocytes infiltration was significantly correlated with superior median overall survival (OS) (25.8 vs 13.4 months, P < 0.001). Additionally, using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses, this study revealed that together with tumor differentiation, tumor size, serum CA199 levels, serum CA125 levels, and the infiltration of intratumoral CD8+ T cells. The abundance of OX40+ lymphocytes within the tumor was continued to be an independent predictor for OS (P = 0.023, HR = 0.713, 95% CI: 0.532-0.954). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that intratumoral infiltration by a high number of OX40+ lymphocytes is a novel biomarker for favorable prognosis in resected PDAC patients, which implies that OX40-agonist-based immunotherapy might be a potential target in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weiwei Rui
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Pancreatic Disease Center, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Kim TW, Burris HA, de Miguel Luken MJ, Pishvaian MJ, Bang YJ, Gordon M, Awada A, Camidge DR, Hodi FS, McArthur GA, Miller WH, Cervantes A, Chow LQ, Lesokhin AM, Rutten A, Sznol M, Rishipathak D, Chen SC, Stefanich E, Pourmohamad T, Anderson M, Kim J, Huseni M, Rhee I, Siu LL. First-In-Human Phase I Study of the OX40 Agonist MOXR0916 in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3452-3463. [PMID: 35699599 PMCID: PMC9662912 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OX40, a receptor transiently expressed by T cells upon antigen recognition, is associated with costimulation of effector T cells and impairment of regulatory T-cell function. This first-in-human study evaluated MOXR0916, a humanized effector-competent agonist IgG1 monoclonal anti-OX40 antibody. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic refractory solid tumors were treated with MOXR0916 intravenously once every 3 weeks (Q3W). A 3+3 dose-escalation stage (0.2-1,200 mg; n = 34) was followed by expansion cohorts at 300 mg (n = 138) for patients with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and triple-negative breast cancer. RESULTS MOXR0916 was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities observed. An MTD was not reached. Most patients (95%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE); 56% of AEs, mostly grade 1-2, were related to MOXR0916. Most common treatment-related AEs included fatigue (17%), diarrhea (8%), myalgia (7%), nausea (6%), decreased appetite (6%), and infusion-related reaction (5%). Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were dose proportional between 80 and 1,200 mg and supported Q3W administration. The recommended expansion dose based on PK and OX40 receptor saturation was 300 mg Q3W. Immune activation and upregulation of PD-L1 was observed in a subset of paired tumor biopsies. One renal cell carcinoma patient experienced a confirmed partial response. Overall, 33% of patients achieved stable disease. CONCLUSIONS Although objective responses were rarely observed with MOXR0916 monotherapy, the favorable safety profile and evidence of tumor immune activation in a subset of patients support further investigation in combination with complementary agents such as PD-1/PD-L1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Tae Won Kim, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul 138-736, South Korea. Phone: 82-23-010–3210; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - D. Ross Camidge
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Grant A. McArthur
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wilson H. Miller
- Jewish General Hospital and Segal Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andres Cervantes
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia Spain
| | | | - Alexander M. Lesokhin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Annemie Rutten
- GasthuisZusters Antwerpen Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mario Sznol
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeong Kim
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Ina Rhee
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Lillian L. Siu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Goldman JW, Piha-Paul SA, Curti B, Pedersen KS, Bauer TM, Groenland SL, Carvajal RD, Chhaya V, Kirby G, McGlinchey K, Hammond SA, Streicher KL, Townsley D, Chae YK, Voortman J, Marabelle A, Powderly J. Safety and tolerability of MEDI0562, an OX40 agonist monoclonal antibody, in combination with durvalumab or tremelimumab in adult patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3709-3719. [PMID: 35699623 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combination therapies targeting immunological checkpoints have shown promise in treating multiple tumor types. We report safety and tolerability of MEDI0562, a humanized IgG1K OX40 monoclonal antibody, in combination with durvalumab (anti-PD-L1), or tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4), in adult patients with previously treated advanced solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this phase 1, multicenter, open-label study, patients received escalating doses of MEDI0562 (2.25, 7.5, or 22.5 mg) every two weeks (Q2W) in combination with durvalumab (1500 mg) or tremelimumab (75 or 225 mg) Q4W, intravenously, until unacceptable toxicity or progressive disease. Tumor assessments were performed Q8W. The primary objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability. RESULTS Among the 27 and 31 patients who received MEDI0562 + durvalumab or MEDI0562 + tremelimumab, 74.1% and 67.7% reported a treatment-related adverse event (AE), and 22.2% and 19.4% experienced a treatment‑emergent AE that led to discontinuation, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose of MEDI0562 + durvalumab was 7.5 mg MEDI0562 + 1500 mg durvalumab; the maximum administered dose of MEDI0562 + tremelimumab was 22.5 mg MEDI0562 + 225 mg tremelimumab. Three patients in the MEDI0562 + durvalumab arm had a partial response. The mean percentage of Ki67+CD4+ and Ki67+CD8+ memory T cells increased by >100% following the first dose of MEDI0562 + durvalumab or tremelimumab in all dose cohorts. A decrease in OX40+FOXP3 T regulatory cells was observed in a subset of patients with available paired biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Following dose escalation, moderate toxicity was observed in both treatment arms, with no clear efficacy signals demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brendan Curti
- Providence Cancer Center and Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | | | - Todd M Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute / Tennessee Oncology, PLLC., Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | | | - Vaishali Chhaya
- AstraZeneca (United States), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Gray Kirby
- AstraZeneca (United States), Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Kelly McGlinchey
- AstraZeneca (United Kingdom), Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | | | | | | | - Young Kwang Chae
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jens Voortman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - John Powderly
- Carolina BioOncology Institute, Huntersville, NC, United States
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Ma H, Feng PH, Yu SN, Lu ZH, Yu Q, Chen J. Identification and validation of TNFRSF4 as a high-profile biomarker for prognosis and immunomodulation in endometrial carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:543. [PMID: 35562682 PMCID: PMC9107201 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumors offers various targets in mounting anti-tumor immunotherapies. However, the prognostic biomarkers in endometrial carcinoma (EC) are still limited. Here, we aimed to analyze the TME features and identify novel prognostic biomarkers for EC. METHODS ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and functional enrichment analysis were performed to identify immune- and survival-related hub genes as well as possible molecular mechanisms. The limma package and deconvolution algorithm were adopted to estimate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and their relationship with the target gene. In the validation section, tissue microarrays (TMAs) of EC and multiplex immunohistochemistry (m-IHC) were evaluated to validate the expression of TNFRSF4, and its correlation with immune markers, including CD4, CD8, and FOXP3. Besides, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the diagnostic performance of TNFRSF4, CD4, CD8, and FOXP3 in EC. RESULTS Two genes, TNFRSF4 and S1PR4, were screened out from 386 intersection differential expression genes (DEGs) shared by ImmuneScore and StromalScore in EC. Highlighted by TNFRSF4, we found that it was not only positively correlated with the TICs (mainly CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and Tregs) but significantly related to the prognosis in patients of EC, both verified by data from The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA)-EC database and clinical samples. At the same time, the expression trend of TNFRSF4 was further confirmed by an integrated meta-analysis based on six microarrays from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, TNFRSF4, a previously unrecognized key player in EC, could serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction and immunomodulation of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Ma
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng-Hui Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuang-Ni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
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9
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Loick SM, Fröhlich A, Gabrielpillai J, Franzen A, Vogt TJ, Dietrich J, Wiek C, Scheckenbach K, Strieth S, Landsberg J, Dietrich D. DNA Methylation and mRNA Expression of OX40 (TNFRSF4) and GITR (TNFRSF18, AITR) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Correlates With HPV Status, Mutational Load, an Interferon-γ Signature, Signatures of Immune Infiltrates, and Survival. J Immunother 2022; 45:194-206. [PMID: 34908008 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members 4 (TNFRSF4, OX40) and 18 (TNFRSF18, GITR, AITR) are under investigation as targets for immunotherapy of various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Understanding the regulation of OX40 and GITR, particularly on an epigenetic level, might help to develop companion predictive biomarkers. We conducted broad correlation analyses of DNA methylation of 46 CpG sites within the GITR/OX40 gene locus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and normal adjacent tissues provided by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network. We analyzed methylation levels with regard to transcriptional gene activity (mRNA expression), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, differential methylation between tumors and normal adjacent tissues, signatures of immune cell infiltrates, an interferon-γ signature, mutational load, and overall survival. Moreover, we investigated methylation levels in HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell lines and in isolated monocytes, granulocytes, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, and B cells from peripheral blood from healthy donors. Our results revealed a complex and sequence-contextual methylation pattern in accordance with features of epigenetic regulated genes. We detected significant methylation differences between normal adjacent and tumor tissues, between HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors, between tumor and immune cells, and significant correlations between methylation and mRNA expression. We further found significant correlations of CpG methylation with overall survival, signatures of immune cell infiltrates, an interferon-γ signature, and mutational load. Our study provides a framework to prospectively test specific CpG sites as biomarkers, in particular in the context of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Loick
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB)
| | - Anne Fröhlich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn
| | | | - Alina Franzen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB)
| | - Timo J Vogt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB)
| | - Jörn Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB)
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Scheckenbach
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB)
| | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB)
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10
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Palameta S, Manrique-Rincón AJ, Toscaro JM, Semionatto IF, Fonseca MC, Rosa RS, Ruas LP, Oliveira PS, Bajgelman MC. Boosting antitumor response with PSMA-targeted immunomodulatory VLPs, harboring costimulatory TNFSF ligands and GM-CSF cytokine. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:650-662. [PMID: 35284623 PMCID: PMC8898762 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation have improved cancer therapy. Most approaches target co-stimulatory pathways or the inhibition of immunosuppressive mechanisms, to enhance immune response and overcome the immune tolerance of tumors. Here, we propose a novel platform to deliver targeted immunomodulatory signaling, enhancing antitumor response. The platform is based on virus-like particles derived from lentiviral capsids. These particles may be engineered to harbor multifunctional ligands on the surface that drive tropism to the tumor site and deliver immunomodulatory signaling, boosting the antitumor response. We generated virus-like particles harboring a PSMA-ligand, TNFSF co-stimulatory ligands 4-1BBL or OX40L, and a membrane-anchored GM-CSF cytokine. The virus-like particles are driven to PSMA-expressing tumors and deliver immunomodulatory signaling from the TNFSF surface ligands and the anchored GM-CSF, inducing T cell proliferation, inhibition of regulatory T cells, and potentiating elimination of tumor cells. The PSMA-targeted particles harboring immunomodulators enhanced antitumor activity in immunocompetent challenged mice and may be explored as a potential tool for cancer immunotherapy.
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11
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Mokhtari RB, Sambi M, Qorri B, Baluch N, Ashayeri N, Kumar S, Cheng HLM, Yeger H, Das B, Szewczuk MR. The Next-Generation of Combination Cancer Immunotherapy: Epigenetic Immunomodulators Transmogrify Immune Training to Enhance Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3596. [PMID: 34298809 PMCID: PMC8305317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy harnesses the immune system by targeting tumor cells that express antigens recognized by immune system cells, thus leading to tumor rejection. These tumor-associated antigens include tumor-specific shared antigens, differentiation antigens, protein products of mutated genes and rearrangements unique to tumor cells, overexpressed tissue-specific antigens, and exogenous viral proteins. However, the development of effective therapeutic approaches has proven difficult, mainly because these tumor antigens are shielded, and cells primarily express self-derived antigens. Despite innovative and notable advances in immunotherapy, challenges associated with variable patient response rates and efficacy on select tumors minimize the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy. Variations observed in response rates to immunotherapy are due to multiple factors, including adaptative resistance, competency, and a diversity of individual immune systems, including cancer stem cells in the tumor microenvironment, composition of the gut microbiota, and broad limitations of current immunotherapeutic approaches. New approaches are positioned to improve the immune response and increase the efficacy of immunotherapies, highlighting the challenges that the current global COVID-19 pandemic places on the present state of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA;
| | - Manpreet Sambi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
| | - Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Neda Ashayeri
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Asghar Children Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;
| | - Sushil Kumar
- QPS, Holdings LLC, Pencader Corporate Center, 110 Executive Drive, Newark, DE 19702, USA;
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada;
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Herman Yeger
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
| | - Bikul Das
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Thoreau Laboratory for Global Health, M2D2, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01852, USA;
- KaviKrishna Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, GBP, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Myron R. Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (M.S.); (B.Q.)
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12
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Sun X, Wang L, Li H, Jin C, Yu Y, Hou L, Liu X, Yu Y, Yan R, Xue F. Identification of microenvironment related potential biomarkers of biochemical recurrence at 3 years after prostatectomy in prostate adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16024-16042. [PMID: 34133324 PMCID: PMC8266350 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate adenocarcinoma is one of the leading adult malignancies. Identification of multiple causative biomarkers is necessary and helpful for determining the occurrence and prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. We aimed to identify the potential prognostic genes in the prostate adenocarcinoma microenvironment and to estimate the causal effects simultaneously. We obtained the gene expression data of prostate adenocarcinoma from TCGA project and identified the differentially expressed genes based on immune-stromal components. Among these genes, 68 were associated with biochemical recurrence at 3 years after prostatectomy in prostate adenocarcinoma. After adjusting for the minimal sets of confounding covariates, 14 genes (TNFRSF4, ZAP70, ERMN, CXCL5, SPINK6, SLC6A18, CHRM2, TG, CLLU1OS, POSTN, CTSG, NETO1, CEACAM7, and IGLV3-22) related to the microenvironment were identified as prognostic biomarkers using the targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Both the average and individual causal effects were obtained to measure the magnitude of the effect. CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analyses showed that these prognostic genes were mainly associated with immune responses. POSTN and NETO1 were correlated with androgen receptor expression, a main driver of prostate adenocarcinoma progression. Finally, five genes were validated in another prostate adenocarcinoma cohort (GEO: GSE70770). These findings might lead to the improved prognosis of prostate adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuandi Jin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
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13
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Abstract
OX40 and 5T4 are molecules that play a role in T-cell expansion and cytoskeleton's disruption in cancer, respectively. US2019161555 patent describes a bispecific antibody that targets OX40/5T4 with the potential application of cancer treatment. The method of analysis of the US201916155 patent consisted of claim's analysis, as well as the chemical/biological information's analysis of the bispecific antibody. The patent includes independent claims related to bispecific antibodies that bind to OX40/5T4, DNA encoding the antibodies, a vector that harbors the DNA, a host cell that contains the vector, a pharmaceutical composition containing a pharmaceutically effective amount of the antibodies, medical use of the antibodies, use of the antibodies in the treatment or prevention of neoplastic disorders and a method of treating neoplastic disorders. Bispecific antibodies that target OX40/5T4 can activate IL-2 secretion in CD4+ T cells.
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14
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Almquist DR, Ahn DH, Bekaii-Saab TS. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. BioDrugs 2021; 34:349-362. [PMID: 32246441 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-020-00420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be promising agents in a number of solid tumor malignancies. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are ICIs that target programmed cell death protein 1 and both have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of microsatellite instability-high/DNA mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). In MSI-H/dMMR CRC, these agents were found to have considerable antitumor activity and are now used in the treatment of this disease. However, MSI-H/dMMR tumors account for only 5% of metastatic CRC and the remaining patients are identified as being microsatellite stable/DNA mismatch repair proficient (MSS/pMMR). In MSS/pMMR CRC, ICIs were found to have no antitumor activity and they are not currently used in the treatment of the disease. However, ongoing research is expanding our knowledge of how the human immune system interacts with cancer cells. Identifying mechanisms to improve our immune response to MSS/pMMR CRC is of utmost importance. In this review, we discuss available clinical data and the emerging role of immune-based strategies to overcome the resistance to ICI therapy in the treatment of MSS/pMMR CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Almquist
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Daniel H Ahn
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Tanios S Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Hospital, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
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15
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Haak F, Obrecht I, Tosti N, Weixler B, Mechera R, Däster S, von Strauss M, Delko T, Spagnoli GC, Terracciano L, Sconocchia G, von Flüe M, Kraljević M, Droeser RA. Tumor Infiltration by OX40+ Cells Enhances the Prognostic Significance of CD16+ Cell Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820903383. [PMID: 32107932 PMCID: PMC7053789 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820903383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Analysis of tumor immune infiltration has been suggested to outperform tumor,
node, metastasis staging in predicting clinical course of colorectal cancer
(CRC). Infiltration by cells expressing OX40, a member of the tumor necrosis
factor receptor family, or CD16, expressed by natural killer cells,
monocytes, and dendritic cells, has been associated with favorable prognosis
in patients with CRC. We hypothesized that assessment of CRC infiltration by
both OX40+ and CD16+ cells might result in enhanced prognostic
significance. Methods: Colorectal cancer infiltration by OX40 and CD16 expressing cells was
investigated in 441 primary CRCs using tissue microarrays and specific
antibodies, by immunohistochemistry. Patients’ survival was evaluated by
Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests. Multivariate Cox regression analysis,
hazard ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were also used to evaluate
prognostic significance of OX40+ and CD16+ cell infiltration. Results: Colorectal cancer infiltration by OX40+ and CD16+ cells was subclassified
into 4 groups with high or low infiltration levels in all possible
combinations. High levels of infiltration by both OX40+ and CD16+ cells were
associated with lower pT stage, absence of peritumoral lymphocytic (PTL)
inflammation, and a positive prognostic impact. Patients bearing tumors with
high infiltration by CD16+ and OX40+ cells were also characterized by
significantly longer overall survival, as compared with the other groups.
These results were confirmed by analyzing an independent validation
cohort. Conclusions: Combined infiltration by OX40+ and CD16+ immune cells is an independent
favorable prognostic marker in CRC. The prognostic value of CD16+ immune
cell infiltration is significantly improved by the combined analysis with
OX40+ cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Haak
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Obrecht
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Tosti
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Mechera
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Däster
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco von Strauss
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tarik Delko
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio C Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus von Flüe
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Kraljević
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raoul A Droeser
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Clarunis, University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Glisson BS, Leidner RS, Ferris RL, Powderly J, Rizvi NA, Keam B, Schneider R, Goel S, Ohr JP, Burton J, Zheng Y, Eck S, Gribbin M, Streicher K, Townsley DM, Patel SP. Safety and Clinical Activity of MEDI0562, a Humanized OX40 Agonist Monoclonal Antibody, in Adult Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5358-5367. [PMID: 32816951 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint blockade has demonstrated clinical benefits across multiple solid tumor types; however, resistance and relapse often occur. New immunomodulatory targets, which are highly expressed in activated immune cells, are needed. MEDI0562, an agonistic humanized mAb, specifically binds to the costimulatory molecule OX40. This first-in-human study evaluated MEDI0562 in adults with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this phase I, multicenter, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation (3+3 design) study, patients received 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, or 10 mg/kg MEDI0562 through intravenous infusion every 2 weeks, until confirmed disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary objective evaluated safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamics. RESULTS In total, 55 patients received ≥1 dose of MEDI0562 and were included in the analysis. The most common tumor type was squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (47%). Median duration of treatment was 10 weeks (range, 2-48 weeks). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 67% of patients, most commonly fatigue (31%) and infusion-related reactions (14%). Grade 3 TRAEs occurred in 14% of patients with no apparent dose relationship; no TRAEs resulted in death. Two patients had immune-related partial responses per protocol and 44% had stable disease. MEDI0562 induced increased Ki67+ CD4+ and CD8+ memory T-cell proliferation in the periphery and decreased intratumoral OX40+ FOXP3+ cells. CONCLUSIONS MEDI0562 was safely administered at doses up to 10 mg/kg in heavily pretreated patients. On-target pharmacodynamic effects were suggested in this setting. Further evaluation with immune checkpoint inhibitors is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie S Glisson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Rom S Leidner
- EACRI - Providence Cancer Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - John Powderly
- Carolina BioOncology Institute, Huntersville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Naiyer A Rizvi
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bhumsuk Keam
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Reva Schneider
- Mary Crowley Cancer Research - Medical City Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay Goel
- Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - James P Ohr
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Steven Eck
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
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17
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Ohmura H, Yamaguchi K, Hanamura F, Ito M, Makiyama A, Uchino K, Shimokawa H, Tamura S, Esaki T, Mitsugi K, Shibata Y, Oda H, Tsuchihashi K, Ariyama H, Kusaba H, Oda Y, Akashi K, Baba E. OX40 and LAG3 are associated with better prognosis in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 antibody. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1507-1517. [PMID: 32203221 PMCID: PMC7217874 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, nivolumab, has shown efficacy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). However, the specific immune cell subsets predominantly activated during the period of anti-PD-1 therapy for AGC have not been clarified. Methods Peripheral blood of 30 AGC patients treated with nivolumab was prospectively obtained before the initial and second administrations and at the time of progressive disease (PD). The proportions of immune cell subsets and the serum concentrations of cytokines were systematically analysed by flow cytometry. Associations of subsets and serum cytokines with therapeutic effects were evaluated. Results After the initial administration, significant increases in activated central/effector memory, activated effector T cells, and activated T-helper 1 subsets were observed. At the time of PD, activated regulatory T cells, LAG3-positive CD4+/CD8+ T cells, and TIM3-positive CD4+/CD8+ T cells increased significantly. Significant positive correlations were shown between progression-free survival and proportions of LAG3-positive CD4+/CD8+ T cells and of OX40-positive CD4+/CD8+ T cells (log-rank p = 0.0008, 0.0003, 0.0035 and 0.0040). Conclusions Nivolumab therapy enhances activation of central/effector memory and effector subsets of CD4+/CD8+ T cells. The expression levels of LAG-3 and OX40 on T cells correlated with the efficacy of nivolumab therapy and could be reasonable biomarkers for anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ohmura
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Hanamura
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akitaka Makiyama
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Uchino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hozumi Shimokawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Tamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taito Esaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Mitsugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shibata
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fukuoka Wajiro Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisanobu Oda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ariyama
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Department of Medicine and Comprehensive Biosystemic Science Faculty, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
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18
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Quintella CM, Quintella HM, Rohweder M, Quintella GM. Advances in patent applications related to cancer vaccine using CpG-ODN and OX40 association. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:287-301. [PMID: 32008403 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1724960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This review aims to assess the available technologies, advances, and trends from technological readiness level 4 to level 8 for cancer immunologic therapeutics using the association of OX40 and CPG-ODN, usually known as cancer vaccine.Areas covered: Patent documents and clinic studies referring to the use of CpG-ODN and of OX40 association for cancer therapeutics. Patent data were obtained within the worldwide basis of the European Patent Office (EPO). The 138 patents of 36 patent families found were analyzed focusing on word distribution of technology developers and potential markets, legal status, annual evolution of first priority, technological domains, applicants and co-applicants and detailed analysis of each technology. Two clinical studies are in progress.Expert opinion: Traditional methods in post cancer diagnosis are being replaced by immunological association therapies. It is expected that the development of cancer vaccines will expand the scope of cancer-specific immunotherapy, especially if associated with alternative systems for expression and delivery with future potential. It is expected that genetic and controlled and/or specific nano delivery are improved. Furthermore, these new developments will likely address the problem of long-term treatments, reducing cancer mortality and reducing patient numbers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Quintella
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Heitor M Quintella
- PROFNIT - Postgraduate Program on Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Mayla Rohweder
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,CEPARH - Research and Assistance Center on Human Reproduction, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Quintella
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.,Quintellar Legal Consulting Company, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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19
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Jeong S, Park SH. Co-Stimulatory Receptors in Cancers and Their Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e3. [PMID: 32158591 PMCID: PMC7049585 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapeutic agents, are now approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of various types of cancer. However, the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs varies among patients and cancer types. Moreover, most patients do not develop durable antitumor responses after ICI therapy due to an ephemeral reversal of T-cell dysfunction. As co-stimulatory receptors play key roles in regulating the effector functions of T cells, activating co-stimulatory pathways may improve checkpoint inhibition efficacy, and lead to durable antitumor responses. Here, we review recent advances in our understating of co-stimulatory receptors in cancers, providing the necessary groundwork for the rational design of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongju Jeong
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology and Vaccinology, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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20
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Current status and development of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy for lung cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Alves Costa Silva C, Facchinetti F, Routy B, Derosa L. New pathways in immune stimulation: targeting OX40. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000573. [PMID: 32392177 PMCID: PMC7046367 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) reinvigorate the immune system by removing the molecular brakes responsible for the scarce activity of immune phenotypes against malignant cells. After having proven their remarkable role as monotherapy, combinations of anti-Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, chemotherapy and/or anti-angiogenic compounds provide unprecedented results and durable responses across a variety of tumour types. Nevertheless, the main drawbacks of ICB are represented by primary and acquired resistance, translating into disease progression, as well as by immune-related toxicities. In this sense, novel strategies to foster the immune system through its direct stimulation are being tested in order to provide additional clinical improvements in patients with cancer. In this scenario, the co-stimulatory molecule OX40 (CD134) belongs to the next generation of immune therapeutic targets. Preliminary results of early clinical trials evaluating OX40 stimulation by means of different agents are encouraging. Here we review the rationale of OX40 targeting, highlighting the combination of OX40-directed therapies with different anticancer agents as a potential strategy to foster the immune system against malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Derosa
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
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22
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Ge Y, Chen W, Zhang X, Wang H, Cui J, Liu Y, Ju S, Tian X, Ju S. Nuclear-localized costimulatory molecule 4-1BBL promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating nuclear Gsk3β, and is linked to the poor outcomes associated with colon cancer. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:577-591. [PMID: 31992123 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1719308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor immune response and the prognosis of tumor are the results of competition between stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoints. Except for upregulating inhibitory checkpoints, lowering some immune accelerating molecules to convert an immunostimulatory microenvironment into an immunodormant one through "decelerating the accelerator" might be another effective immune escape pattern. 4-1BBL is a classical transmembrane costimulatory molecule involving in antitumor immune responses. In contrast, we demonstrated that 4-1BBL is predominantly localized in the nuclei of cancer cells in colon cancer specimens and is positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and a lower survival ratio. Furthermore, the nuclear localization of 4-1BBL was also ascertained in vitro. 4-1BBL knockout (KO) arrests the proliferation and impaired the migration and invasion ability of colon cancer cells in vitro and retarded tumor growth in vivo. 4-1BBL KO increased the accumulation of Gsk3β in the nuclei of colon cancer cells and consequently decreased the expression of Wnt pathway target genes and thus alter tumor biological behavior. We hypothesized that unlike membrane-expressed 4-1BBL, which stimulates the 4-1BB signaling of antitumor cytotoxic T cells, the nuclear-localized 4-1BBL could facilitate the malignant behavior of colon cancer cells by circumventing antitumor signaling and driving some key oncotropic signal pathway in the nucleus. Nuclear-localized 4-1BBL might be an indicator of colon cancer malignancy and serve as a promising target of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Songwen Ju
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.,Departmemt of Medical Care for Cadres, Nanjing Municipal Government Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Songguang Ju
- Department of Immunology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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23
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High OX-40 expression in the tumor immune infiltrate is a favorable prognostic factor of overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:351. [PMID: 31843013 PMCID: PMC6915970 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction OX-40 co-stimulatory signaling plays a role in mounting anti-tumor immune responses and clinical trials targeting this pathway are ongoing. However, the association of with OX-40 protein expression with clinical outcomes and pathological features in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are largely unknown. Methods Surgically-resected stage I-III NSCLC specimens (N = 100) were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the following immune markers: OX-40, PD-L1, PD-1, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, CD57, CD68, FOXP3, granzyme B, and ICOS. Immune-related markers mRNA expression were also assessed. We evaluated the association of OX-40 levels with major clinicopathologic variables, including molecular driver mutations. Results OX-40 IHC expression was observed in all tested tumors, predominantly localized in the membrane of the tumor immune infiltrate, and was not associated with a specific clinicopathologic or molecular subtype. High OX-40 expression levels measured by IHC median score were associated with better overall survival (OS) (p = 0.002), independent of CD3/CD8, PD-L1, and ICOS expression. High OX-40 IHC score was associated with increased expression of immune-related genes such as CD3, IFN-gamma, ICOS, CD8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL5, granzyme K. Conclusions High OX-40 IHC expression in the tumor immune infiltrate is associated with favorable prognosis and increased levels of immune-related genes including IFN-gamma in patients with surgically resected stage I-III NSCLC. Its prognostic utility is independent of PD-L1 and other common markers of immune activation. High OX-40 expression potentially identifies a unique subgroup of NSCLC that may benefit from co-stimulation with OX-40 agonist antibodies and potentially enhance the efficacy of existing immune checkpoint therapies.
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24
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Herrera-Camacho I, Millán-Pérez Peña L, Rosas-Murrieta NH. Bispecific anti-OX40/CTLA-4 antibodies for advanced solid tumors: a patent evaluation of WO2018202649. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:921-924. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1681400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Centro Universitario de Vinculación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Metepec, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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25
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Chen X, Li D, Cao Y, Gao J, Jin H, Shan H. Early Therapeutic Vaccination Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Imaging OX40-Mediated Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4252-4259. [PMID: 31454248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The overall prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is poor but immunotherapeutic strategies may represent a novel and effective tool for HCC. However, the prediction of the early response for the immunotherapeutic effect of HCC remains a big challenge. We developed a novel near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe (IRDye800-AbOX40) for OX40-targeted imaging. The H22 dual-tumor-bearing mice models were established and treated with CpG ODN intratumoral vaccination. Sixteen hours after vaccination, the mice were injected with the probe via the tail vein and conducted with NIRF imaging. The uptake of this probe in HCC tumors was greatly increased as early as 40 h post vaccination and reached a plateau between 54 and 112 h, while the untreated tumors showed a lower uptake, which was further confirmed by ex vivo imaging and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence staining identified the colocalization of CD3 and OX40 in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis showed that OX40 expression level on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was associated with the fluorescence signal of the H22 tumors. IRDye800-AbOX40 could be used as a specific NIRF probe for noninvasive imaging of OX40 expression on TILs, which may aid in predicting the early response to immunotherapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying Cao
- The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital , Beijing 100853 , China
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26
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Deng J, Zhao S, Zhang X, Jia K, Wang H, Zhou C, He Y. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand, important immune checkpoints in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:7347-7353. [PMID: 31564917 PMCID: PMC6735535 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s214211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has shown promising results in cancer treatment. Research shows that most patients might be resistant to these therapies. So, new immune therapies are needed. OX40 (CD134) and OX40 ligand (OX40L), costimulatory molecules, express on different types of immune cells. The interaction between OX40 and OX40L (OX40/OX40L) induces the expansion and proliferation of T cells and decreases the immunosuppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells to enhance the immune response to the specific antigen. For the important role OX40 takes in the process of immunity, many clinical trials are focusing on OX40 to find out whether it may have active effects in clinical cancer treatment. The results of clinical trials are still not enough. So, we reviewed the OX40 and its ligand (OX40L) function in cancer, clinical trials with OX40/OX40L and the correlation between OX40/OX40L and other immune checkpoints to add more ideas to tumor feasible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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27
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Nanotechnology is an important strategy for combinational innovative chemo-immunotherapies against colorectal cancer. J Control Release 2019; 307:108-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Perez-Santos M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Herrera-Camacho I, Millán-Pérez Peña L. Cancer combinatorial immunotherapy using anti-OX40 agonist and anti-PD-L1 antagonist: a patent evaluation of US2018256711A1. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:481-485. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1634690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Perez-Santos
- Oficina de Comercialización de Tecnología, Dirección de Innovación y Transferencia de Conocimiento, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, CP, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, CP, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Millán-Pérez Peña
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro de Química del Instituto de Ciencias (ICUAP), Edificio 103F, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, CP, Mexico
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29
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Ciardiello D, Vitiello PP, Cardone C, Martini G, Troiani T, Martinelli E, Ciardiello F. Immunotherapy of colorectal cancer: Challenges for therapeutic efficacy. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 76:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Immune checkpoint blockade and its combination therapy with small-molecule inhibitors for cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:199-224. [PMID: 30605718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Initially understood for its physiological maintenance of self-tolerance, the immune checkpoint molecule has recently been recognized as a promising anti-cancer target. There has been considerable interest in the biology and the action mechanism of the immune checkpoint therapy, and their incorporation with other therapeutic regimens. Recently the small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) has been identified as an attractive combination partner for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and is becoming a novel direction for the field of combination drug design. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion of the biology and function of major immune checkpoint molecules, and their interactions with corresponding targeting agents. With both preclinical studies and clinical trials, we especially highlight the ICI + SMI combination, with its recent advances as well as its application challenges.
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31
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Rothfelder K, Hagelstein I, Roerden M, Blumenstock G, Hofmann M, Nuebling T, Jung G, Salih HR, Dörfel D. Expression of the Immune Checkpoint Modulator OX40 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Is Associated with BCR-ABL Positivity. Neoplasia 2018; 20:1150-1160. [PMID: 30300827 PMCID: PMC6175778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OX40 and its ligand are members of the TNF/TNF receptor superfamily, which includes various molecules influencing cellular signaling and function of both tumor and immune cells. The ability of OX40 to promote proliferation and differentiation of activated T cells fueled present attempts to modulate this immune checkpoint to reinforce antitumor immunity. While we recently found evidence for the involvement of OX40 in pathophysiology of acute myeloid leukemia including natural killer (NK) cell immunosurveillance, less is known on its role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In the present study, OX40 expression on ALL cells was significantly associated with positivity for the adverse risk factor BCR-ABL. In line, signaling via OX40 increased metabolic activity of primary ALL cells and resulted in release of cytokines involved in disease pathophysiology. Furthermore, interaction of ALL-expressed OX40 with its cognate ligand on NK cells stimulated ALL cell lysis. The data presented thus not only identify the yet unknown involvement of OX40/OX40L in ALL pathophysiology and NK cell immunosurveillance but also point to the necessity to thoroughly consider the consequences of modulating the OX40/OX40L molecule system beyond its effects on T cells when developing OX40-targeting approaches for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rothfelder
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilona Hagelstein
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Malte Roerden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gunnar Blumenstock
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Nuebling
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Rainer Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dörfel
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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32
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Abstract
Despite advances over the past 20 years in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, diagnosis, and treatment, survival outcomes remain suboptimal. Five-year survival for patients with locally advanced CRC is 69%; 5-year survival drops to 12% for patients with metastatic disease. Novel, effective systemic therapies are needed to improve long-term outcomes. In this review, we describe currently available systemic therapies for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic CRC and discuss emerging therapies, including encouraging advances in identifying novel targeted agents and exciting responses to immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Veenstra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John C Krauss
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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33
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Xie K, Xu L, Wu H, Liao H, Luo L, Liao M, Gong J, Deng Y, Yuan K, Wu H, Zeng Y. OX40 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a distinct immune microenvironment, specific mutation signature, and poor prognosis. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1404214. [PMID: 29632718 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1404214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy's effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is hampered by immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment. We assessed the clinicopathologic and biologic relevance of OX40, a costimulatory molecular expressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs), in HCC. We analyzed the immunohistochemistry data of 316 patients treated at West China Hospital (WCH) and the RNA sequencing data of 370 patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to determine the clinicopathologic significance of OX40 in HCC. We also assessed associations between OX40 and multiple immune-related markers. Using the TCGA data, we further characterized the transcriptome, immune cell functions, and mutation signature related to OX40. We found that OX40 expression was higher in HCC than in adjacent liver tissue. In the WCH set, 136 (43%) patients had high-OX40 expression, whereas in the TCGA set, 247 (67%) patients had high-OX40 expression as determined by the X-tile program. High-OX40 expression was associated with high serum alpha-fetoprotein level, vascular invasion, and shorter survival. The prognostic significance of OX40 was validated in additional cohorts. OX40 expression was also associated with CD8A, CD68, LAG3, TIM-3, and PD-1 expression. High-OX40 expression tumors were characterized by upregulated cytokines and exhaustion-specific markers. Analysis of the enrichment data of immune cell types indicated that OX40 expression was associated with the functions of macrophages, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and co-inhibitory T cells. Finally, high-and low-OX40 expressions were associated with mutations in AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, respectively. These results indicate that high-OX40 expression represents the activation of multiple immunosuppressive pathways and provide a rationale for the therapeutic targeting OX40 in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlin Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical university, Chongqing, China
| | - Haotian Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Luo
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingheng Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical university, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefei Yuan
- Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kalyan A, Kircher S, Shah H, Mulcahy M, Benson A. Updates on immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:160-169. [PMID: 29564182 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.01.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in standard of care therapies, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) remains around 12%. Immunotherapy has not provided the stellar advances in colorectal cancer that has been seen in other malignancies. Immunotherapy appears to play a pivotal role in microsatellite unstable CRC tumors where the response rates are profound. These results have led to FDA approval of pembrolizumab for MSI-H CRC tumors. Additional research into several new immune agents including IDO inhibitors, vaccine therapy and combinatorial agents are being evaluated for CRC. This review will provide an overview of the approaches currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Kalyan
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sheetal Kircher
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiral Shah
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mary Mulcahy
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Al Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nuebling T, Schumacher CE, Hofmann M, Hagelstein I, Schmiedel BJ, Maurer S, Federmann B, Rothfelder K, Roerden M, Dörfel D, Schneider P, Jung G, Salih HR. The Immune Checkpoint Modulator OX40 and Its Ligand OX40L in NK-Cell Immunosurveillance and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:209-221. [PMID: 29321210 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The TNF receptor family member OX40 promotes activation and proliferation of T cells, which fuels efforts to modulate this immune checkpoint to reinforce antitumor immunity. Besides T cells, NK cells are a second cytotoxic lymphocyte subset that contributes to antitumor immunity, particularly in leukemia. Accordingly, these cells are being clinically evaluated for cancer treatment through multiple approaches, such as adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded polyclonal NK cells (pNKC). Here, we analyzed whether and how OX40 and its ligand (OX40L) influence NK-cell function and antileukemia reactivity. We report that OX40 is expressed on leukemic blasts in a substantial percentage of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and that OX40 can, after stimulation with agonistic OX40 antibodies, mediate proliferation and release of cytokines that act as growth and survival factors for the leukemic cells. We also demonstrate that pNKC differentially express OX40L, depending on the protocol used for their generation. OX40L signaling promoted NK-cell activation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity, and disruption of OX40-OX40L interaction impaired pNKC reactivity against primary AML cells. Together, our data implicate OX40/OX40L in disease pathophysiology of AML and in NK-cell immunosurveillance. Our findings indicate that effects of the OX40-OX40L receptor-ligand system in other immune cell subsets and also malignant cells should be taken into account when developing OX40-targeted approaches for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 209-21. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Nuebling
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carla Emilia Schumacher
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ilona Hagelstein
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Joachim Schmiedel
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Federmann
- Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rothfelder
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malte Roerden
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dörfel
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Rainer Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
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Manrique-Rincón AJ, Beraldo CM, Toscaro JM, Bajgelman MC. Exploring Synergy in Combinations of Tumor-Derived Vaccines That Harbor 4-1BBL, OX40L, and GM-CSF. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1150. [PMID: 28974950 PMCID: PMC5610681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that combination of modulatory immune strategies may potentiate tumor cell elimination. Most strategies rely on the use of monoclonal antibodies that can block cell surface receptors to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression or acting as costimulatory ligands to boost activation of T cells. In this study, we evaluate the use of combinations of genetically modified tumor-derived cell lines that harbor the costimulatory T cell ligands 4-1BB ligand, OX40L, and the cytokine GM-CSF. The aim of these treatments is to boost the activation of T cells and the elimination of cancer cells. These tumor-derived cells are able to activate or reinforce T cell activation, thereby generating a potent and specific antitumor response. We developed a high-content in vitro imaging assay that allowed us to investigate synergies between different tumor-derived cells expressing modulatory immune molecules, as well as the influence on effector T cells to achieve tumor cell death. These results were then compared to the results of in vivo experiments in which we challenged immunocompetent animals using the B16F10 syngeneic model of melanoma in C57BL6 mice. Our results suggest that there is a substantial therapeutic benefit to using combinations of syngeneic tumor vaccines that express immune modulators. In addition, we observed that combinations of tumor-derived cells that expressed costimulatory ligands and GM-CSF induced a long-term protective effect by preventing cancer development in both cured and rechallenged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Manrique-Rincón
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila M Beraldo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jessica M Toscaro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcio C Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil.,Medical School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Signorini L, Delbue S, Ferrante P, Bregni M. Review on the immunotherapy strategies against metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Immunotherapy 2017; 8:1245-61. [PMID: 27605072 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies throughout the world and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Western countries. Recent progress in CRC treatment options, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and target therapy, has improved the prognosis, but advanced disease with recurrence or distant metastasis is usually incurable and has an unfavorable prognosis. The introduction of immunotherapy-associated strategies, both active and passive, to the treatment of CRC aims to overcome the limits of classical treatments. We review the state of the art for CRC with respect to different immunotherapeutic approaches, such as the use of cancer vaccines and/or adoptive cellular therapy, their most current advances and limitations and perspectives for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Signorini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, Via Pascal, 36, University of Milano, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, Via Pascal, 36, University of Milano, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical & Dental Sciences, Via Pascal, 36, University of Milano, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Bregni
- Ospedale di Circolo di Busto Arsizio, Via A. Da Brescia, 1, 21052 Busto Arsizio VA, Italy
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38
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OX40 expression enhances the prognostic significance of CD8 positive lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37588-99. [PMID: 26439988 PMCID: PMC4741950 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background OX40 is a TNF receptor family member expressed by activated T cells. Its triggering by OX40 ligand promotes lymphocyte survival and memory generation. Anti-OX40 agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are currently being tested in cancer immunotherapy. We explored the prognostic significance of tumor infiltration by OX40+ cells in a large colorectal cancer (CRC) collective. Methods OX40 gene expression was analyzed in 50 freshly excised CRC and corresponding healthy mucosa by qRT-PCR. A tissue microarray including 657 clinically annotated CRC specimens was stained with anti-OX40, -CD8 and -FOXP3 mAbs by standard immunohistochemistry. The CRC cohort was randomly split into training and validation sets. Correlations between CRC infiltration by OX40+ cells alone, or in combination with CD8+ or FOXP3+ cells, and clinical-pathological data and overall survival were comparatively evaluated. Results OX40 gene expression in CRC significantly correlated with FOXP3 and CD8 gene expression. High CRC infiltration by OX40+ cells was significantly associated with favorable prognosis in training and validation sets in univariate, but not multivariate, Cox regression analysis. CRC with OX40high/CD8high infiltration were characterized by significantly prolonged overall survival, as compared to tumors with OX40low/CD8high, OX40high/CD8low or OX40low/CD8low infiltration in both uni- and multivariate analysis. In contrast, prognostic significance of OX40+ and FOXP3+ cell infiltration was not enhanced by a combined evaluation. Irrespective of TNM stage, CRC with OX40high/CD8high density infiltrates showed an overall survival similar to that of all stage I CRC included in the study. Conclusions OX40high/CD8high density tumor infiltration represents an independent, favorable, prognostic marker in CRC with an overall survival similar to stage I cancers.
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Lai C, August S, Albibas A, Behar R, Cho SY, Polak ME, Theaker J, MacLeod AS, French RR, Glennie MJ, Al-Shamkhani A, Healy E. OX40+ Regulatory T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress Effector T-Cell Responses and Associate with Metastatic Potential. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4236-48. [PMID: 27034329 PMCID: PMC4987192 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common human cancer with metastatic potential. Despite T cells accumulating around cSCCs, these tumors continue to grow and persist. To investigate reasons for failure of T cells to mount a protective response in cSCC, we focused on regulatory T cells (Tregs) as this suppressive population is well represented among the infiltrating lymphocytes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Flow cytometry was conducted on cSCC lymphocytes and in vitro functional assays were performed using sorted tumoral T cells. Lymphocyte subsets in primary cSCCs were quantified immunohistochemically. RESULTS FOXP3(+) Tregs were more frequent in cSCCs than in peripheral blood (P < 0.0001, n = 86 tumors). Tumoral Tregs suppressed proliferation of tumoral effector CD4(+) (P = 0.005, n = 10 tumors) and CD8(+) T cells (P = 0.043, n = 9 tumors) and inhibited IFNγ secretion by tumoral effector T cells (P = 0.0186, n = 11 tumors). The costimulatory molecule OX40 was expressed predominantly on tumoral Tregs (P < 0.0001, n = 15 tumors) and triggering OX40 with an agonist anti-OX40 antibody overcame the suppression exerted by Tregs, leading to increased tumoral effector CD4(+) lymphocyte proliferation (P = 0.0098, n = 10 tumors). Tregs and OX40(+) lymphocytes were more abundant in primary cSCCs that metastasized than in primary cSCCs that had not metastasized (n = 48 and n = 49 tumors, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Tregs in cSCCs suppress effector T-cell responses and are associated with subsequent metastasis, suggesting a key role for Tregs in cSCC development and progression. OX40 agonism reversed the suppressive effects of Tregs in vitro, suggesting that targeting OX40 could benefit the subset of cSCC patients at high risk of metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4236-48. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Lai
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Suzannah August
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Amel Albibas
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ramnik Behar
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Young Cho
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta E Polak
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Theaker
- Histopathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda S MacLeod
- Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ruth R French
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Glennie
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aymen Al-Shamkhani
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Healy
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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40
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Vilgelm AE, Johnson DB, Richmond A. Combinatorial approach to cancer immunotherapy: strength in numbers. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:275-90. [PMID: 27256570 PMCID: PMC6608090 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ri0116-013rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockade therapy with antibodies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 has revolutionized melanoma treatment by eliciting responses that can be remarkably durable and is now advancing to other malignancies. However, not all patients respond to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Extensive preclinical evidence suggests that combining immune-checkpoint inhibitors with other anti-cancer treatments can greatly improve the therapeutic benefit. The first clinical success of the combinatorial approach to cancer immunotherapy was demonstrated using a dual-checkpoint blockade with CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, which resulted in accelerated FDA approval of this therapeutic regimen. In this review, we discuss the combinations of current and emerging immunotherapeutic agents in clinical and preclinical development and summarize the insights into potential mechanisms of synergistic anti-tumor activity gained from animal studies. These promising combinatorial partners for the immune-checkpoint blockade include therapeutics targeting additional inhibitory receptors of T cells, such as TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and BTLA, and agonists of T cell costimulatory receptors 4-1BB, OX40, and GITR, as well as agents that promote cancer cell recognition by the immune system, such as tumor vaccines, IDO inhibitors, and agonists of the CD40 receptor of APCs. We also review the therapeutic potential of regimens combining the immune-checkpoint blockade with therapeutic interventions that have been shown to enhance immunogenicity of cancer cells, including oncolytic viruses, RT, epigenetic therapy, and senescence-inducing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Vilgelm
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
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Velcheti V, Schalper K. Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2016; 35:298-308. [PMID: 27249709 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_156572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent success of immunotherapy strategies such as immune checkpoint blockade in several malignancies has established the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer. Cancers use multiple mechanisms to co-opt the host-tumor immune interactions, leading to immune evasion. Our understanding of the host-tumor interactions has evolved over the past few years and led to various promising new therapeutic strategies. This article will focus on the basic principles of immunotherapy, novel pathways/agents, and combinatorial immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Kurt Schalper
- From the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Departments of Pathology and Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Aspeslagh S, Postel-Vinay S, Rusakiewicz S, Soria JC, Zitvogel L, Marabelle A. Rationale for anti-OX40 cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2016; 52:50-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Immune Checkpoint Modulation in Colorectal Cancer: What's New and What to Expect. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:158038. [PMID: 26605342 PMCID: PMC4641952 DOI: 10.1155/2015/158038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), as one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, is still a leading cause of cancer related mortality. There is an urgent need for more efficient therapies in metastatic disease. Immunotherapy, a rapidly expanding field of oncology, is designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight cancer. Of the many approaches currently under study to improve antitumor immune responses, immune checkpoint inhibition has thus far been proven to be the most effective. This review will outline the treatments that take advantage of our growing understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer, with a particular emphasis on immune checkpoint molecules, involved in CRC pathogenesis.
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Linch SN, McNamara MJ, Redmond WL. OX40 Agonists and Combination Immunotherapy: Putting the Pedal to the Metal. Front Oncol 2015; 5:34. [PMID: 25763356 PMCID: PMC4329814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy, a class of cancer treatments that utilize the patient’s own immune system to destroy cancerous cells. Within a tumor the presence of a family of negative regulatory molecules, collectively known as “checkpoint inhibitors,” can inhibit T cell function to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, attenuate T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Targeted blockade of CTLA-4 or PD-1 with antagonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) releases the “brakes” on T cells to boost anti-tumor immunity. Generating optimal “killer” CD8 T cell responses also requires T cell receptor activation plus co-stimulation, which can be provided through ligation of tumor necrosis factor receptor family members, including OX40 (CD134) and 4-1BB (CD137). OX40 is of particular interest as treatment with an activating (agonist) anti-OX40 mAb augments T cell differentiation and cytolytic function leading to enhanced anti-tumor immunity against a variety of tumors. When used as single agents, these drugs can induce potent clinical and immunologic responses in patients with metastatic disease. However, each of these agents only benefits a subset of patients, highlighting the critical need for more effective combinatorial therapeutic strategies. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which OX40 agonists synergize with checkpoint inhibitor blockade to augment T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and the potential opportunities for clinical translation of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N Linch
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA
| | - Michael J McNamara
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA
| | - William L Redmond
- Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center , Portland, OR , USA
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45
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Modulation of Immune System Inhibitory Checkpoints in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-013-0184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are among the most successful protein-based drugs (biologics) and have proven to be clinically efficacious at reducing inflammation associated with several autoimmune diseases. As a result, attention is focusing on the therapeutic potential of additional members of the TNF superfamily of structurally related cytokines. Many of these TNF-related cytokines or their cognate receptors are now in preclinical or clinical development as possible targets for modulating inflammatory diseases and cancer as well as other indications. This Review focuses on the biologics that are currently in clinical trials for immune-related diseases and other syndromes, discusses the successes and failures to date as well as the expanding therapeutic potential of modulating the activity of this superfamily of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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47
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Assessment of activity of an adhesion molecule CD134 and CD137 in colorectal cancer patients. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2012; 83:641-5. [PMID: 22343199 DOI: 10.2478/v10035-011-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epidemiological studies prove that incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing. The first line therapy of colorectal cancer is surgical resection of the primary tumor and elimination of regional and remote metastases. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to determine expression of adhesion molecules CD134 and CD137 in the peripheral blood in colorectal cancer patients, depending on clinical cancer stage, size and invasion of the tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 72 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. An average patient age was 64.55 years. Clinical tumor stage was assessed using two scales: Dukes: A and Astler-Coller scale. Expression of adhesion molecules was determined in the peripheral blood collected on the day of the procedure and 10 days after the procedure. RESULTS An average activity of CD134 molecules (12.66%) was significantly higher than that of CD137 (6.26%) (p<0.001). Clinical tumor stage was assessed on Dukes scale and was unrelated to CD134 activity, while activity of CD137 was related to clinical cancer stage. CONCLUSIONS CD137 activity is directly proportional to colorectal cancer stage. Surgical resection of the tumor results in increased CD134 and CD137 expression. Long term studies, enrolling larger groups of patients, including their subdivision to colon and rectal cancer, are required to utilize CD134 and CD137 in immune therapy of colorectal cancer.
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Determination of the activity of CD134 (OX-40) and CD137 (4-1BB) adhesive molecules by means of flow cytometry in patients with colorectal cancer metastases to the liver. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2012; 83:424-9. [PMID: 22166715 DOI: 10.2478/v10035-011-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common reasons of mortality in patients diagnosed with neoplasms. In nearly 20% of patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic lesions are diagnosed. In general, survival of patients with metastatic lesions to the liver and other organs is poor. Conventional therapy of colorectal carcinoma is based on the surgical excision of the tumor, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to determine the expression of CD134 and CD137 molecules inside the tumor, at the border of the tumor, in the healthy tissue, and peripheral blood, considering patients with colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group comprised 39 patients subject to surgical treatment at the Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, due to colorectal carcinoma with liver metastases. CD134 and CD137 adhesive molecule levels were determined inside the tumor, at the border of the tumor, and in the healthy margins of the surgical incision. Additionally, the authors evaluated the peripheral blood level of the above-mentioned molecules on the day of the surgical procedure, and 10 days, thereafter. RESULTS The mean CD134 levels were the highest inside the tumor, significantly decreasing towards the direction of healthy tissues. The average peripheral blood molecule levels were four-fold higher on the day of the surgical procedure, as compared to values obtained on the tenth postoperative day. This dependency also concerned the remaining statistical measures.The mean CD137 levels showed no significant difference, regardless their location. The authors observed significant, peripheral blood, CD137 level differences, considering the day of the surgical procedure and tenth postoperative period. The mean CD137 peripheral blood level was several times higher on the day of the surgical procedure, as compared to the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS The determination of the activity of CD134 and CD137 molecules might create opportunities to plan treatment and predict prognosis in case of colorectal carcinoma. Proper immuno-therapeutic management which is based on the expression of the above-mentioned molecules might help determine the risk of metastases, preventing from their development. In advanced cases treatment of liver metastases might be possible.
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Abstract
Despite significant scientific knowledge in the field of cancer immunology, therapeutic strategies using cancer vaccines to generate anti-tumor immunity have historically resulted in only modest clinical benefit. Disappointing results from prior cancer vaccine trials are likely due to multifactorial causes. Perhaps the most important is the role of inherent tumor-induced immune suppression and enhanced immunologic tolerance. Current research directed toward understanding the mechanisms of immunologic tolerance has led to the development of promising therapeutic immune regulatory antibodies that inhibit immunologic checkpoints and subsequently enhance immunologic anti-tumor activity. This review discusses the prior challenges associated with cancer vaccines and describes how, by breaking immune inhibition and facilitating immune stimulation, immune regulatory antibodies show great promise in the treatment of a variety of tumors.
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Zhang Y, Lu N, Xue Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Si Y, Bian X, Jia Y, Wang Y. Expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT3 in human gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5:910-6. [PMID: 22246571 PMCID: PMC3493079 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune inhibitory receptors play an important role in organ transplantation, autoimmune diseases and cancers. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT3 belong to the inhibitory receptors of the ILT family, which have been reported to regulate a broad range of cellular functions involved in the immune response. They contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs), which are related to immune regulation. Although ILT receptors have been studied in dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, NK cells and other cell types, the expression and clinical significance of ILT2 and ILT3 in gastric cancer have yet to be elucidated. Here, the expression of ILT2 and ILT3 in gastric cancer cell lines and pathologic tissues, as well as their effects on the cytotoxicity of NK92MI against the gastric cancer cell lines MKNI with ILT2lowILT3low and HGC-27 with ILT2highILT3high were detected. The results suggest that ILT2 and ILT3 are expressed with diverse degrees in gastric cancer cells and tissues, and the expression of ILT2 is related with differentiation and size of tumors. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of NK92MI against the MKNI cell line was stronger than that against HGC-27. This study indicates that ILT2 and ILT3 play a key role in gastric cancer immune escape, and ILT2 may be a new target in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
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