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Huang D, Li J, Hu F, Xia C, Weng Q, Wang T, Peng H, Wu B, Wu H, Xiong J, Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Liu L, Zheng X, Geng Y, Du X, Zhu X, Wang L, Hao J, Wang J. Lateral plate mesoderm cell-based organoid system for NK cell regeneration from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Discov 2022; 8:121. [PMID: 36344493 PMCID: PMC9640545 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-induced NK (iNK) cells are a source of off-the-shelf cell products for universal immune therapy. Conventional methods for iNK cell regeneration from hPSCs include embryoid body (EB) formation and feeder-based expansion steps, which are time-consuming and cause instability and high costs of manufacturing. Here, we develop an EB-free, organoid aggregate method for NK cell regeneration from hPSCs. In a short time-window of 27-day induction, millions of hPSC input can output over billions of iNK cells without the necessity of NK cell expansion feeders. The iNK cells highly express classical toxic granule proteins, apoptosis-inducing ligands, as well as abundant activating and inhibitory receptors. Functionally, the iNK cells eradicate human tumor cells via mechanisms of direct cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This study provides a reliable scale-up method for regenerating human NK cells from hPSCs, which promotes the universal availability of NK cell products for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Huang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhuan Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangxiao Hu
- grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxiang Xia
- grid.512959.3Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qitong Weng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongjie Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Peng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongling Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Jiapin Xiong
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunqing Lin
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Zheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Geng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xin Du
- grid.413352.20000 0004 1760 3705Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Pediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Stem Cell Resource Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
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2
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Jin H, Kim HJ. NK Cells Lose Their Cytotoxicity Function against Cancer Stem Cell-Rich Radiotherapy-Resistant Breast Cancer Cell Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9639. [PMID: 34502547 PMCID: PMC8431804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be induced from differentiated cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment or in response to treatments and exhibit chemo- and radioresistance, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. We previously reported that triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells with acquired radioresistance exhibited more aggressive features due to an increased CSC population. Therefore, here, we isolated CSCs from radiotherapy-resistant (RT-R)-TNBC cells and investigated the effects of these CSCs on tumor progression and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Compared to MDA-MB-231 and RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells, CD24-/low/CD44+ cells isolated from RT-R-MDA-MB-231 cells showed increased proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, and induced expression of tumor progression-related molecules. Moreover, similar to MDA-MB-231 cells, CD24-/low/CD44+ cells recruited NK cells but suppressed NK cell cytotoxicity by regulating ligands for NK cell activation. In an in vivo model, CD24-/low/CD44+ cell-injected mice showed enhanced tumor progression and lung metastasis via upregulation of tumor progression-related molecules and altered host immune responses. Specifically, NK cells were recruited into the peritumoral area tumor but lost their cytotoxicity due to the altered expression of activating and inhibitory ligands on tumors. These results suggest that CSCs may cause tumor evasion of immune cells, resulting in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 816 Beongil 15 Jinjudaero, Jinju 52727, Korea;
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3
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Kanevskiy L, Erokhina S, Kobyzeva P, Streltsova M, Sapozhnikov A, Kovalenko E. Dimorphism of HLA-E and its Disease Association. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215496. [PMID: 31690066 PMCID: PMC6862560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-E is a nonclassical member of the major histocompatibility complex class I gene locus. HLA-E protein shares a high level of homology with MHC Ia classical proteins: it has similar tertiary structure, associates with β2-microglobulin, and is able to present peptides to cytotoxic lymphocytes. The main function of HLA-E under normal conditions is to present peptides derived from the leader sequences of classical HLA class I proteins, thus serving for monitoring of expression of these molecules performed by cytotoxic lymphocytes. However, opposite to multiallelic classical MHC I genes, HLA-E in fact has only two alleles—HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03—which differ by one nonsynonymous amino acid substitution at position 107, resulting in an arginine in HLA-E*01:01 (HLA-ER) and glycine in HLA-E*01:03 (HLA-EG). In contrast to HLA-ER,HLA-EG has higher affinity to peptide, higher surface expression, and higher thermal stability of the corresponding protein, and it is more ancient than HLA-ER, though both alleles are presented in human populations in nearly equal frequencies. In the current review, we aimed to uncover the reason of the expansion of the younger allele, HLA-ER, by analysis of associations of both HLA-E alleles with a number of diseases, including viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Kanevskiy
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Sofya Erokhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Polina Kobyzeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Maria Streltsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Alexander Sapozhnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
| | - Elena Kovalenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow 117997, Russia.
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4
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Harpur CM, Stankovic S, Kanagarajah A, Widjaja JM, Levvey BJ, Cristiano Y, Snell GI, Brooks AG, Westall GP, Sullivan LC. Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-induced NKG2C+ Natural Killer Cells in the Lung Allograft. Transplantation 2019; 103:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Recurrent Stimulation of Natural Killer Cell Clones with K562 Expressing Membrane-Bound Interleukin-21 Affects Their Phenotype, Interferon-γ Production, and Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020443. [PMID: 30669565 PMCID: PMC6359338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A pattern of natural killer cell (NK cell) heterogeneity determines proliferative and functional responses to activating stimuli in individuals. Obtaining the progeny of a single cell by cloning the original population is one of the ways to study NK cell heterogeneity. In this work, we sorted single cells into a plate and stimulated them via interleukin (IL)-2 and gene-modified K562 feeder cells that expressed membrane-bound IL-21 (K562-mbIL21), which led to a generation of phenotypically confirmed and functionally active NK cell clones. Next, we applied two models of clone cultivation, which differently affected their phenotype, lifespan, and functional activity. The first model, which included weekly restimulation of clones with K562-mbIL21 and IL-2, resulted in the generation of relatively short-lived (5⁻7 weeks) clones of highly activated NK cells. Levels of human leukocyte antigen class II molecule-DR isotype (HLA-DR) expression in the expanded NK cells correlated strongly with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. The second model, in which NK cells were restimulated weekly with IL-2 alone and once on the sixth week with K562-mbIL21 and IL-2, produced long-lived clones (8⁻14 weeks) that expanded up to 10⁷ cells with a lower ability to produce IFN-γ. Our method is applicable for studying variability in phenotype, proliferative, and functional activity of certain NK cell progeny in response to the stimulation, which may help in selecting NK cells best suited for clinical use.
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6
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Dukovska D, Fernández-Soto D, Valés-Gómez M, Reyburn HT. NKG2H-Expressing T Cells Negatively Regulate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:390. [PMID: 29545803 PMCID: PMC5837990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology and function of NKG2H receptor, unlike the better characterized members of the NKG2 family NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKG2D, remains largely unclear. Here, we show that NKG2H is able to associate with the signaling adapter molecules DAP12 and DAP10 suggesting that this receptor can signal for cell activation. Using a recently described NKG2H-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), we have characterized the expression and function of lymphocytes that express this receptor. NKG2H is expressed at the cell surface of a small percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and is found more frequently on T cells, rather than NK cells. Moreover, although NKG2H is likely to trigger activation, co-cross-linking of this receptor with an NKG2H-specific mAb led to decreased T cell activation and proliferation in polyclonal PBMC cultures stimulated by anti-CD3 mAbs. This negative regulatory activity was seen only after cross-linking with NKG2H, but not NKG2A- or NKG2C-specific monoclonal antibodies. The mechanism underlying this negative effect is as yet unclear, but did not depend on the release of soluble factors or recognition of MHC class I molecules. These observations raise the intriguing possibility that NKG2H may be a novel marker for T cells able to negatively regulate T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dukovska
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fernández-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Abstract
Triggering of cell-mediated immunity is largely dependent on the recognition of foreign or abnormal molecules by a myriad of cell surface-bound receptors. Many activating immune receptors do not possess any intrinsic signaling capacity but instead form noncovalent complexes with one or more dimeric signaling modules that communicate with a common set of kinases to initiate intracellular information-transfer pathways. This modular architecture, where the ligand binding and signaling functions are detached from one another, is a common theme that is widely employed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of immune systems. The evolutionary advantages of this highly adaptable platform for molecular recognition are visible in the variety of ligand-receptor interactions that can be linked to common signaling pathways, the diversification of receptor modules in response to pathogen challenges, and the amplification of cellular responses through incorporation of multiple signaling motifs. Here we provide an overview of the major classes of modular activating immune receptors and outline the current state of knowledge regarding how these receptors assemble, recognize their ligands, and ultimately trigger intracellular signal transduction pathways that activate immune cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Berry
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Matthew E Call
- Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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8
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Gallegos CE, Michelin S, Dubner D, Carosella ED. Immunomodulation of classical and non-classical HLA molecules by ionizing radiation. Cell Immunol 2016; 303:16-23. [PMID: 27113815 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy has been employed for the treatment of oncological patients for nearly a century, and together with surgery and chemotherapy, radiation oncology constitutes one of the three pillars of cancer therapy. Ionizing radiation has complex effects on neoplastic cells and on tumor microenvironment: beyond its action as a direct cytotoxic agent, tumor irradiation triggers a series of alterations in tumoral cells, which includes the de novo synthesis of particular proteins and the up/down-regulation of cell surface molecules. Additionally, ionizing radiation may induce the release of "danger signals" which may, in turn lead to cellular and molecular responses by the immune system. This immunomodulatory action of ionizing radiation highlights the importance of the combined use (radiotherapy plus immunotherapy) for cancer healing. Major histocompatibility complex antigens (also called Human Leukocyte Antigens, HLA in humans) are one of those molecules whose expression is modulated after irradiation. This review summarizes the modulatory properties of ionizing radiation on the expression of HLA class I (classical and non-classical) and class II molecules, with special emphasis in non-classical HLA-I molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Gallegos
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Toxicology laboratory, Bahía Blanca, Argentina(2).
| | - Severino Michelin
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Dubner
- Radiopathology Laboratory, Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ARN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo D Carosella
- CEA, Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI), Research Division in Hematology and Immunology (SRHI), Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR E-5 Institut Universitaire d'Hematologie, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
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9
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Heatley SL, Pietra G, Lin J, Widjaja JML, Harpur CM, Lester S, Rossjohn J, Szer J, Schwarer A, Bradstock K, Bardy PG, Mingari MC, Moretta L, Sullivan LC, Brooks AG. Polymorphism in human cytomegalovirus UL40 impacts on recognition of human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) by natural killer cells. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8679-8690. [PMID: 23335510 PMCID: PMC3605686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.409672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell recognition of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule HLA-E is dependent on the presentation of a nonamer peptide derived from the leader sequence of other HLA molecules to CD94-NKG2 receptors. However, human cytomegalovirus can manipulate this central innate interaction through the provision of a "mimic" of the HLA-encoded peptide derived from the immunomodulatory glycoprotein UL40. Here, we analyzed UL40 sequences isolated from 32 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients experiencing cytomegalovirus reactivation. The UL40 protein showed a "polymorphic hot spot" within the region that encodes the HLA leader sequence mimic. Although all sequences that were identical to those encoded within HLA-I genes permitted the interaction between HLA-E and CD94-NKG2 receptors, other UL40 polymorphisms reduced the affinity of the interaction between HLA-E and CD94-NKG2 receptors. Furthermore, functional studies using NK cell clones expressing either the inhibitory receptor CD94-NKG2A or the activating receptor CD94-NKG2C identified UL40-encoded peptides that were capable of inhibiting target cell lysis via interaction with CD94-NKG2A, yet had little capacity to activate NK cells through CD94-NKG2C. The data suggest that UL40 polymorphisms may aid evasion of NK cell immunosurveillance by modulating the affinity of the interaction with CD94-NKG2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Heatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M L Widjaja
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher M Harpur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sue Lester
- Department of Rheumatology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia 5011, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jeff Szer
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Anthony Schwarer
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Kenneth Bradstock
- Department of Haematology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Peter G Bardy
- Director of Cancer Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16132, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova 16132, Italy
| | | | - Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key components of innate immune responses, providing surveillance against cells undergoing tumorigenesis or infection, by viruses or internal pathogens. NK cells can directly eliminate compromised cells and regulate downstream responses of the innate and acquired immune systems through the release of immune modulators (cytokines, interferons). The importance of the role NK cells play in immune defense was demonstrated originally in herpes viral infections, usually mild or localized, which become severe and life threatening in NK-deficient patients . NK cell effector functions are governed by balancing opposing signals from a diverse array of activating and inhibitory receptors. Many NK receptors occur in paired activating and inhibitory isoforms and recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins with varying degrees of peptide specificity. Structural studies have made considerable inroads into understanding the molecular mechanisms employed to broadly recognize multiple MHC ligands or specific pathogen-associated antigens and the strategies employed by viruses to thwart these defenses. Although many details of NK development, signaling, and integration remain mysterious, it is clear that NK receptors are key components of a system exquisitely tuned to sense any dysregulation in MHC class I expression, or the expression of certain viral antigens, resulting in the elimination of affected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Finton
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Hromadnikova I, Pirkova P, Sedlackova L. Influence of in vitro IL-2 or IL-15 alone or in combination with Hsp-70-derived 14-mer peptide (TKD) on the expression of NK cell activatory and inhibitory receptors. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:405295. [PMID: 23476104 PMCID: PMC3588175 DOI: 10.1155/2013/405295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells represent a potential tool for adoptive immunotherapy against tumors. Membrane-bound Hsp70 acts as a tumor-specific marker enhancing NK cell activity. Using flow cytometry the effect of in vitro stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15 alone or in combination with Hsp70-derived 14-mer peptide (TKD) on cell surface expression of NK activatory receptors (CD16, NKG2D, NKG2C, NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, KIR2DL4, DNAM-1, and LAMP1) and NK inhibitory receptors (NKG2A, KIR2DL2/L3, LIR1/ILT-2, and NKR-P1A) in healthy individuals was studied. Results were expressed as the percentage of receptor expressing cells and the amount of receptor expressed by CD3(-)CD56(+) cellular population. CD94, NKG2D, NKp44, NKp30, KIR2DL4, DNAM-1, LAMP1, NKG2A, and NKR-P1A were upregulated after the stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15 alone or in combination with TKD. KIR2DL2/L3 was upregulated only by IL-15 and IL-15/TKD. Concurrently, an increase in a number of NK cells positive for CD94, NKp44, NKp30, KIR2DL4, and LAMP1 was observed. IL-15 and IL-15/TKD caused also cell number rise positive for KIR2DL2/L3 and NKR-P1A. Cell number positive for NKG2C and NKG2A was increased only by IL-2 and IL-2/TKD. The diverse effect of IL-2 or IL-15 w or w/o TKD on cell surface expression was observed in CD16, NKp46, and LIR1/ILT-2.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry
- Humans
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1/metabolism
- Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2/metabolism
- Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3/metabolism
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR2DL2
- Receptors, KIR2DL4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Hromadnikova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Cell Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
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12
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Durrenberger PF, Webb LV, Sim MJW, Nicholas RS, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Increased HLA-E expression in white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2012; 137:317-25. [PMID: 23039207 PMCID: PMC3530087 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underpinning central nervous system damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) are complex and it is widely accepted that there is an autoimmune component. Both adaptive and innate immune effector mechanisms are believed to contribute to tissue disease aetiology. HLA-E is a non-classical MHC class Ib molecule that acts as the ligand for the NKG2A inhibitory receptor present on natural killer (NK) and CD8+ cells. Peptide binding and stabilization of HLA-E is often considered to signal infection or cell stress. Here we examine the up-regulation of HLA-E in MS brain tissue. Expression is significantly increased in white matter lesions in the brain of MS patients compared with white matter of neurologically healthy controls. Furthermore, using quantitative immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we show increased HLA-E protein expression in endothelial cells of active MS lesions. Non-inflammatory chronic lesions express significantly less HLA-E protein, comparable to levels found in white matter from controls. Increased HLA-E protein levels were associated with higher scores of inflammation. These results suggest the potential for an effect in central nervous system pathogenesis from HLA-E modulation in stressed tissue. Co-localization with infiltrating CD8+ cells implicates a possible role for HLA-E-restricted regulatory CD8+ cells, as has been proposed in other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal F Durrenberger
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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13
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Lehmann D, Spanholtz J, Osl M, Tordoir M, Lipnik K, Bilban M, Schlechta B, Dolstra H, Hofer E. Ex vivo generated natural killer cells acquire typical natural killer receptors and display a cytotoxic gene expression profile similar to peripheral blood natural killer cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2926-38. [PMID: 22571679 PMCID: PMC3475144 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo differentiation systems of natural killer (NK) cells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells are of potential importance for adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer. Here, we analyzed ex vivo differentiation of NK cells from cord blood-derived CD34+ stem cells by gene expression profiling, real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and functional analysis. Additionally, we compared the identified characteristics to peripheral blood (PB) CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells. The data show sequential expression of CD56 and the CD94 and NKG2 receptor chains during ex vivo NK cell development, resulting finally in the expression of a range of genes with partial characteristics of CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells from PB. Expression of characteristic NK cell receptors and cytotoxic genes was mainly found within the predominant ex vivo generated population of NKG2A+ NK cells, indicating the importance of NKG2A expression during NK cell differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, despite distinct phenotypic characteristics, the detailed analysis of cytolytic genes expressed within the ex vivo differentiated NK cells revealed a pattern close to CD56(dim) NK cells. In line with this finding, ex vivo generated NK cells displayed potent cytotoxicity. This supports that the ex vivo differentiation system faithfully reproduces major steps of the differentiation of NK cells from their progenitors, constitutes an excellent model to study NK cell differentiation, and is valuable to generate large-scale NK cells appropriate for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Lehmann
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Spanholtz
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Osl
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marleen Tordoir
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karoline Lipnik
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Schlechta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harry Dolstra
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Erhard Hofer
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Sattler S, Reiche D, Sturtzel C, Karas I, Richter S, Kalb ML, Gregor W, Hofer E. The human C-type lectin-like receptor CLEC-1 is upregulated by TGF-β and primarily localized in the endoplasmic membrane compartment. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:282-92. [PMID: 22117783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The orphan receptor CLEC-1 is part of a subfamily of C-type lectin-like receptors, which is encoded in the human natural killer gene complex and comprises several pattern recognition receptors important for innate immune functions. As information on human CLEC-1 is still very limited, we aimed to further characterize this receptor. Similar to another subfamily member, LOX-1, expression of CLEC-1 mRNA was detected in myeloid cells as well as in endothelial cells. CLEC-1 protein displayed N-linked glycosylation and formed dimers. However, in contrast to other members of the subfamily, expression levels were upregulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, but not significantly affected by proinflammatory stimuli. It is intriguing that human CLEC-1 could only be detected intracellularly with a staining pattern resembling endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Neither TGF-β nor inflammatory stimuli could promote significant translocation to the cell surface. These findings are in accordance with a primarily intracellular localization and function of human CLEC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sattler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research Immunology Dermatology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Sattler S, Ghadially H, Reiche D, Karas I, Hofer E. Evolutionary Development and Expression Pattern of the Myeloid Lectin-Like Receptor Gene Family Encoded Within the NK Gene Complex. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:309-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Sáez-Borderías A, Romo N, Magri G, Gumá M, Angulo A, López-Botet M. IL-12-Dependent Inducible Expression of the CD94/NKG2A Inhibitory Receptor Regulates CD94/NKG2C+ NK Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:829-36. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.2.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Sullivan LC, Clements CS, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. The major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule HLA-E at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2008; 72:415-24. [PMID: 18946929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E is the least polymorphic of all the MHC class I molecules and acts as a ligand for receptors of both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. The recognition of self-peptides complexed to HLA-E by the CD94-NKG2A receptor expressed by natural killer (NK) cells represents a crucial checkpoint for immune surveillance by NK cells. However, HLA-E can also be recognised by the T-cell receptor expressed by alphabeta CD8 T cells and therefore can play a role in the adaptive immune response to invading pathogens. The recent resolution of HLA-E in complex with both innate and adaptive ligands has provided insight into the dual role of this molecule in immunity.
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MESH Headings
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/chemistry
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunity, Active/immunology
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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18
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Moll HP, Freudenthaler H, Zommer A, Buchberger E, Brostjan C. Neutralizing type I IFN antibodies trigger an IFN-like response in endothelial cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:5250-6. [PMID: 18390705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing Abs to type I IFNs are of therapeutic significance, i.e., are currently evaluated for the treatment of autoimmune diseases with pathogenic IFN-alpha production such as for systemic lupus erythematosus. Unexpectedly, we observed that several neutralizing Abs reportedly known to counteract IFN-alpha or IFN-beta activity triggered an "IFN-like" response in quiescent primary human endothelial cells leading to activation of the transcription factor IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 and the expression of IFN-responsive genes. Furthermore, these Abs were found to enhance rather than inhibit type I IFN signals, and the effect was also detectable for distinct other cell types such as PBMCs. The stimulatory capacity of anti-IFN-alpha/beta Abs was mediated by the constitutive autocrine production of "subthreshold" IFN levels, involved the type I IFNR and was dependent on the Fc Ab domain, as Fab or F(ab')(2) fragments potently inhibited IFN activity. We thus propose that a combined effect of IFN recognition by the Ab paratope and the concomitant engagement of the Fc domain may trigger an IFN signal via the respective type I IFNR, which accounts for the observed IFN-like response to the neutralizing Abs. With respect to clinical applications, the finding may be of importance for the design of recombinant Abs vs Fab or F(ab')(2) fragments to efficiently counteract IFN activity without undesirable activating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Peter Moll
- Department of Surgery Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Petrie EJ, Clements CS, Lin J, Sullivan LC, Johnson D, Huyton T, Heroux A, Hoare HL, Beddoe T, Reid HH, Wilce MCJ, Brooks AG, Rossjohn J. CD94-NKG2A recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E bound to an HLA class I leader sequence. J Exp Med 2008; 205:725-35. [PMID: 18332182 PMCID: PMC2275392 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E by the heterodimeric CD94-NKG2 natural killer (NK) receptor family is a central innate mechanism by which NK cells monitor the expression of other HLA molecules, yet the structural basis of this highly specific interaction is unclear. Here, we describe the crystal structure of CD94-NKG2A in complex with HLA-E bound to a peptide derived from the leader sequence of HLA-G. The CD94 subunit dominated the interaction with HLA-E, whereas the NKG2A subunit was more peripheral to the interface. Moreover, the invariant CD94 subunit dominated the peptide-mediated contacts, albeit with poor surface and chemical complementarity. This unusual binding mode was consistent with mutagenesis data at the CD94-NKG2A-HLA-E interface. There were few conformational changes in either CD94-NKG2A or HLA-E upon ligation, and such a "lock and key" interaction is typical of innate receptor-ligand interactions. Nevertheless, the structure also provided insight into how this interaction can be modulated by subtle changes in the peptide ligand or by the pairing of CD94 with other members of the NKG2 family. Differences in the docking strategies used by the NKG2D and CD94-NKG2A receptors provided a basis for understanding the promiscuous nature of ligand recognition by NKG2D compared with the fidelity of the CD94-NKG2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Petrie
- The Protein Crystallography Unit, ARC Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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20
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Sullivan LC, Clements CS, Beddoe T, Johnson D, Hoare HL, Lin J, Huyton T, Hopkins EJ, Reid HH, Wilce MCJ, Kabat J, Borrego F, Coligan JE, Rossjohn J, Brooks AG. The heterodimeric assembly of the CD94-NKG2 receptor family and implications for human leukocyte antigen-E recognition. Immunity 2007; 27:900-11. [PMID: 18083576 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 09/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD94-NKG2 receptor family that regulates NK and T cells is unique among the lectin-like receptors encoded within the natural killer cell complex. The function of the CD94-NKG2 receptors is dictated by the pairing of the invariant CD94 polypeptide with specific NKG2 isoforms to form a family of functionally distinct heterodimeric receptors. However, the structural basis for this selective pairing and how they interact with their ligand, HLA-E, is unknown. We describe the 2.5 A resolution crystal structure of CD94-NKG2A in which the mode of dimerization contrasts with that of other homodimeric NK receptors. Despite structural homology between the CD94 and NKG2A subunits, the dimer interface is asymmetric, thereby providing a structural basis for the preferred heterodimeric assembly. Structure-based sequence comparisons of other CD94-NKG2 family members, combined with extensive mutagenesis studies on HLA-E and CD94-NKG2A, allows a model of the interaction between CD94-NKG2A and HLA-E to be established, in which the invariant CD94 chain plays a more dominant role in interacting with HLA-E in comparison to the variable NKG2 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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21
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Wischhusen J, Waschbisch A, Wiendl H. Immune-refractory cancers and their little helpers--an extended role for immunetolerogenic MHC molecules HLA-G and HLA-E? Semin Cancer Biol 2007; 17:459-68. [PMID: 17768067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is strong evidence to support a role for non-classical MHC class I (class Ib) molecules, most notably HLA-E and HLA-G in tumour immune escape. In this article, we summarize the current knowledge on their expression, regulation and functional relevance in various malignancies, particularly brain tumours. Special emphasis is devoted to the phenomenon that these tolerogenic molecules are expressed by non-transformed cells that are found in close neighborhood to tumour cells representing either parenchymal cells or immune cells attracted to the tumour microenvironment. Here they may act as "natural" or "inducible" suppressors of anti-tumoural immune responses. We thus speculate about the role of HLA-G expressing T cells, a novel population of natural regulatory cells that was identified recently. It is suggested that various cell types within a tumour cooperate in order to inhibit anti-tumour immunity-and that immunetolerogenic HLA-G may play a major role in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wischhusen
- Department for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, School of Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 4, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Kleinberg L, Flørenes VA, Skrede M, Dong HP, Nielsen S, McMaster MT, Nesland JM, Shih IM, Davidson B. Expression of HLA-G in malignant mesothelioma and clinically aggressive breast carcinoma. Virchows Arch 2006; 449:31-9. [PMID: 16541284 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-005-0144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate HLA-G expression in breast carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma (MM). Malignant breast carcinoma effusions (46) and corresponding solid tumors (39) and 104 MM (26 effusions, 78 solid tumors) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). HLA-G protein and mRNA expression were further studied using immunoblotting (IB) and RT-PCR. HLA-ABC expression was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM). IHC showed predominantly focal HLA-G expression in 12 of 46 (26%) breast carcinoma effusions and 16 of 39 (41%) solid lesions. In MM, 20 of 78 (26%) solid lesions and 14 of 26 (54%) effusions were focally HLA-G positive. Expression in MM was higher in effusions (p=0.008). IB showed more frequent HLA-G expression in MM compared with breast carcinoma effusions, while RT-PCR showed HLA-G mRNA expression in both tumors. FCM showed conserved HLA-ABC expression in 15 of 15 effusions. Breast cancer patients with HLA-G-positive tumor cells had shorter disease-free survival (mean 37 vs 85, median 25 vs 31 months), though not significantly (p=0.14). In conclusion, HLA-G is focally expressed in MM and breast carcinoma, while HLA-ABC expression is conserved. However, the up-regulated expression of HLA-G in MM effusions and its possible association with shorter disease-free survival in advanced stage of breast carcinoma suggest a possible role in immune response evasion in some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilach Kleinberg
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
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23
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Davidson B, Risberg B, Berner A, Bedrossian CWM, Reich R. The biological differences between ovarian serous carcinoma and diffuse peritoneal malignant mesothelioma. Semin Diagn Pathol 2006; 23:35-43. [PMID: 17044194 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent improvements in immunohistochemistry panels used for differentiating ovarian serous carcinoma/primary peritoneal carcinoma (OC/PPC) from diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) have resulted in improved diagnostic rates for these tumors in both cytological and histological material. However, little is known about the biological characteristics that differentiate these two cancer types. We performed a comparative analysis of cancer-associated molecule expression data for a cohort consisting of up to 270 serous OC/PPC specimens (only peritoneal lesions) and 32 peritoneal MM. The molecules studied were nerve growth factor receptors (p75, p-TrkA), angiogenic factors (VEGF, IL-8, bFGF, heparanase), laminin receptors (the 67-kDa receptor and the alpha 6 integrin subunit), proteases (MMP-2), immune response mediators (HLA-G), and signaling molecules (the MAPK members ERK, JNK, and p38). The methods used were immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. DMPM specimens showed significantly higher expression of p75 (P < 0.001), p-TrkA (P < 0.001), and bFGF (P < 0.001), and significantly lower expression of the 67-kDa receptor (P < 0.001), alpha 6 integrin subunit (P = 0.025), VEGF (P < 0.001), IL-8 (P < 0.001), and HLA-G (P = 0.039) compared with OC/PPC. DMPM specimens showed higher activation ratio (phosphorylated/total enzyme ratio) of all three MAPK members (ERK, P = 0.017; JNK, P < 0.001; p38, P = 0.009) compared with OC/PPC. These data document significant differences in the expression of cancer- and metastasis-associated molecules in MM compared with ovarian carcinoma, and suggest that different biological pathways are involved in tumorigenesis and disease progression in these two tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital-National Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Volz A, Radeloff B. Detecting the unusual: natural killer cells. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 81:473-541. [PMID: 16891179 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(06)81012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Volz
- Institut für Immungenetik Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Spanndauer Damm 130, 14050 Berlin, Germany
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25
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Mela CM, Burton CT, Imami N, Nelson M, Steel A, Gazzard BG, Gotch FM, Goodier MR. Switch from inhibitory to activating NKG2 receptor expression in HIV-1 infection: lack of reversion with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2005; 19:1761-9. [PMID: 16227783 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000183632.12418.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 infection is characterized by increase in inhibitory receptors and loss of activating receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in loss of cell activity. Exceptionally, for an inhibitory receptor, the proportion of NK cells bearing CD94-NKG2A decreases during HIV-1 infection. It is not understood whether HIV-1 itself or other concomitant infections drive these changes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between HIV-1 viraemia and changes in C-type lectin-like receptor expression in NK cells and to investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on these changes. METHODS Three cohorts of patients were studied: (1) before, during and after treatment interruption in aviraemic and viraemic patients receiving HAART (n = 15); (2) HIV-1-positive treatment-naive individuals (n = 13); and (3) HIV-1-positive individuals receiving successful HAART for a minimum of 1 year without interruption (n = 11). Flow cytometry was used to study the expression of NKG2A before and after treatment interruption and to define expanded populations of NK cells in untreated and treated HIV-1-positive individuals. Assays were performed in vitro to assess the cytotoxicity of the expanded populations. RESULTS Increases in plasma HIV-1 RNA during treatment interruption in aviraemic HAART-treated individuals did not influence the proportion of NK cells carrying the complex CD94-NKG2A. Loss of NKG2A NK cells corresponded to the dramatic expansion of a distinct population of cells expressing a functional activating CD94-NKG2C receptor with skewed expression of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor family and natural cytotoxicity receptors. CONCLUSION Changes in the NK cell repertoire during HIV-1 infection were not a result of HIV-1 viraemia alone but resembled those associated with concomitant infections.
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26
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Lafarge X, Pitard V, Ravet S, Roumanes D, Halary F, Dromer C, Vivier E, Paul P, Moreau JF, Déchanet-Merville J. Expression of MHC class I receptors confers functional intraclonal heterogeneity to a reactive expansion of gammadelta T cells. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1896-905. [PMID: 15864777 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NK cell receptors for MHC class I molecules (MHC-NKR) can be expressed by T cell subsets. The restricted repertoire and phenotypic characteristics of MHC-NKR(+) T cells indicate that expression of MHC-NKR is acquired upon antigenic challenge and might promote expansion of T cells. Previous studies performed on in vitro generated alphabeta T cell clones concluded that MHC-NKR expression was not a clonal attribute. Here, we examined a massive monoclonal expansion of a non-leukemic gammadelta T cell population found in the peripheral blood of a lung-transplanted patient who suffered from a cytomegalovirus infection. Despite their monoclonality, these T cells displayed a heterogeneous and stable in vivo Ig- and lectin-like MHC-NKR phenotype. Twenty percent of the cells displayed a CD94(+)NKG2A(+) phenotype, and 10% were labeled with an anti-CD158b1/b2/j monoclonal antibody. A CD158b/j(+) gammadelta T cell clone derived in vitro from patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes was shown to express the activating form CD158j (KIR2DS2), which once cross-linked stimulated the clone cytolytic function and costimulated the TCR-induced production of cytokines, independently of the killer-activating receptor-associated protein (KARAP). In conclusion, heterogeneity of MHC-NKR expression confers a functional intraclonal diversity that may participate to induction of specific gammadelta T cell effector functions or proliferation upon pathogen challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Base Sequence
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Lung Transplantation
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, KIR2DL2
- Receptors, KIR2DL3
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Lafarge
- CNRS-UMR 5164, CIRID, IFR66, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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27
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Kaiser BK, Barahmand-Pour F, Paulsene W, Medley S, Geraghty DE, Strong RK. Interactions between NKG2x immunoreceptors and HLA-E ligands display overlapping affinities and thermodynamics. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2005; 174:2878-84. [PMID: 15728498 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The NKG2x/CD94 family of C-type lectin-like immunoreceptors (x = A, B, C, E, and H) mediates surveillance of MHC class Ia cell surface expression, often dysregulated during infection or tumorigenesis, by recognizing the MHC class Ib protein HLA-E that specifically presents peptides derived from class Ia leader sequences. In this study, we determine the affinities and interaction thermodynamics between three NKG2x/CD94 receptors (NKG2A, NKG2C, and NKG2E) and complexes of HLA-E with four representative peptides. Inhibitory NKG2A/CD94 and activating NKG2E/CD94 receptors bind HLA-E with indistinguishable affinities, but with significantly higher affinities than the activating NKG2C/CD94 receptor. Despite minor sequence differences, the peptide presented by HLA-E significantly influenced the affinities; HLA-E allelic differences had no effect. These results reveal important constraints on the integration of opposing activating and inhibitory signals driving NK cell effector functions.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- HLA Antigens/chemistry
- HLA Antigens/genetics
- HLA Antigens/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/chemistry
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Kinetics
- Lectins, C-Type/chemistry
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Ligands
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Protein Isoforms/chemistry
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/chemistry
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Thermodynamics
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett K Kaiser
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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LaBonte ML, Choi EI, Letvin NL. Molecular determinants regulating the pairing of NKG2 molecules with CD94 for cell surface heterodimer expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:6902-12. [PMID: 15153509 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.11.6902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lytic capacity of a NK cell is regulated, in part, by the balance in cell surface expression between inhibitory CD94/NKG2A and activating CD94/NKG2C heterodimers. We demonstrate that, in the absence of DAP12, rhesus monkey NKG2A is preferentially expressed at the cell surface with CD94 due to a single amino acid difference in the transmembrane of NKG2A and NKG2C. Furthermore, in the context of an NKG2A transmembrane, the stalk domain of NKG2C was found to enhance heterodimer formation with CD94 compared with the stalk domain of NKG2A. In the presence of DAP12, the ability of NKG2C to compete for cell surface CD94 heterodimerization is enhanced and approaches that of NKG2A. Finally, allelic differences that affect the ability of rhesus NKG2A to reach the cell surface with CD94 could also be mapped to the transmembrane. These differences in the ability of inhibitory and activating NKG2 molecules to reach the cell surface provide a mechanism for the regulation of NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L LaBonte
- Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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