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Kathirvel K, Fan X, Haribalaganesh R, Bharanidharan D, Sharmila R, Krishnadas R, Muthukkaruppan V, Willoughby CE, Senthilkumari S. Small RNA Sequencing Reveals a Distinct MicroRNA Signature between Glucocorticoid Responder and Glucocorticoid Non-Responder Primary Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells after Dexamethasone Treatment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2012. [PMID: 38002955 PMCID: PMC10671261 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to regulate several physiological processes and are the mainstay in the management of inflammatory eye diseases. The long-term use of GC causes raised intraocular pressure (IOP) or ocular hypertension (OHT) in about 30-50% of the susceptible individuals depending on the route of administration, and can lead to steroid-induced secondary glaucoma. The present study aims to understand the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in differential glucocorticoid (GC) responsiveness in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells using small RNA sequencing. The human organ-cultured anterior segment (HOCAS) model was used to identify whether donor eyes were from GC-responders (GC-R; n = 4) or GC-non-responders (GC-NR; n = 4) following treatment with either 100 nM dexamethasone (DEX) or ethanol (ETH) for 7 days. The total RNA was extracted from cultured HTM cells with known GC responsiveness, and the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIRs) were compared among the following five groups: Group #1: ETH vs. DEX-treated GC-R; #2: ETH vs. DEX-treated GC-NR; #3: overlapping DEGs between Group #1 and #2; #4: Unique DEMIRs of GC-R; #5: Unique DEMIRs of GC-NR; and validated by RT-qPCR. There were 13 and 21 DEMIRs identified in Group #1 and Group #2, respectively. Seven miRNAs were common miRNAs dysregulated in both GC-R and GC-NR (Group #3). This analysis allowed the identification of DEMIRs that were unique to GC-R (6 miRNAs) and GC-NR (14 miRNAs) HTM cells, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified enriched pathways and biological processes associated with differential GC responsiveness in HTM cells. This is the first study to reveal a unique miRNA signature between GC-R and GC-NR HTM cells, which raises the possibility of developing new molecular targets for the management of steroid-OHT/glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Kathirvel
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai 625020, Tamilnadu, India
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Xiaochen Fan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Ravinarayanan Haribalaganesh
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai 625020, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Devarajan Bharanidharan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Madurai 625020, Tamilnadu, India;
| | | | - Ramasamy Krishnadas
- Glaucoma Clinic, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai 625020, Tamilnadu, India (R.K.)
| | | | - Colin E. Willoughby
- Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, BT52 1SA Coleraine, UK
| | - Srinivasan Senthilkumari
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Aravind Medical Research Foundation #1, Anna Nagar, Madurai 625020, Tamilnadu, India
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A Novel Methodology Using Dexamethasone to Induce Neuronal Differentiation in the CNS-Derived Catecholaminergic CAD Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:2337-2353. [PMID: 34059943 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Cath.a-differentiated (CAD) cell line is a central nervous system-derived catecholaminergic cell line originating from tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-producing neurons located around the locus coeruleus area of the mouse brain. CAD cells have been used as an in vitro model for cellular and molecular studies due to their ability to differentiate under serum-free media conditions. However, the lack of serum-derived survival factors, limits the longevity for differentiated CAD cells to be maintained in healthy conditions; thereby, limiting their use in long-term culture studies. Here, we present a novel differentiation method that utilizes dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Specifically, we discovered that the addition of 100 µM of Dex into the 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented media effectively induced neuronal differentiation of CAD cells, as characterized by neurite formation and elongation. Dex-differentiated CAD cells exited the cell cycle, stopped proliferating, extended the neurites, and expressed neuronal markers. These effects were dependent on the glucocorticoid receptors (GR) as they were abolished by GR knockdown. Importantly, Dex-differentiated CAD cells showed longer survival duration than serum-free differentiated CAD cells. In addition, RNA-sequencing and qPCR data demonstrate that several genes involved in proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and survival pathways were differentially expressed in the Dex-differentiated cells. This is the first study to reveal Dex as a novel differentiation methodology used to generate postmitotic neuronal CAD cells, which may be utilized as an in vitro neuronal model for cellular and molecular neurobiology research.
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Bongartz H, Seiß EA, Bock J, Schaper F. Glucocorticoids attenuate interleukin-6-induced c-Fos and Egr1 expression and impair neuritogenesis in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2021; 157:532-549. [PMID: 33454999 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine primarily known for immune regulation. There is also growing evidence that IL-6 triggers neurogenesis and impacts neural development, both life-long occurring processes that can be impaired by early-life and adult stress. Stress induces the release of glucocorticoids by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. On the cellular level, glucocorticoids act via the ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor. Thus, we aimed to elucidate whether glucocorticoids affect IL-6-induced neural development. Here, we show that IL-6 signalling induces neurite outgrowth in adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-dependent manner, since neurite outgrowth was diminished upon Mek-inhibitor treatment. Using quantitative biochemical approaches, such as qRT-PCR analysis of Hyper-IL-6 treated PC12 cells, we show that neurite outgrowth induced by IL-6 signalling is accompanied by early and transient MAPK-dependent mRNA expression of immediate early genes coding for proteins such as early growth response protein 1 (Egr1) and c-Fos. This correlates with reduced proliferation and prolonged G0/G1 cell cycle arrest as determined by monitoring the cellular DNA content using flow cytometry. These results indicate for IL-6 signalling-induced neural differentiation. Interestingly, the glucocorticoid Dexamethasone impairs early IL-6 signalling-induced mRNA expression of c-Fos and Egr1 and restrains neurite outgrowth. Impaired Egr1 and c-Fos expression in neural development is implicated in the aetiology of neuropathologies. Thus, it appears likely that stress-induced release of glucocorticoids, as well as therapeutically administered glucocorticoids, contribute to the development of neuropathologies by reducing the expression of Egr1 and c-Fos, and by restraining IL-6-dependent neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bongartz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elena Anne Seiß
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Bock
- Institute of Biology, PG "Epigenetics and Structural Plasticity", Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Dynamic Systems: Systems Engineering (CDS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Magdeburg Center for Systems Biology (MACS), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Chen Q, Li C, Gong Z, Chan ECY, Snyder SA, Lam SH. Common deregulated gene expression profiles and morphological changes in developing zebrafish larvae exposed to environmental-relevant high to low concentrations of glucocorticoids. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:429-439. [PMID: 28092764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids have been detected in environmental waters and their biological potency have raised concerns of their impact on aquatic vertebrates especially fish. In this study, developing zebrafish larvae exposed to representative glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone) at 50 pM to 50 nM from 3 h post-fertilisation to 5 days post-fertilisation were investigated. Microarray analysis identified 1255, 1531, and 2380 gene probes, which correspondingly mapped to 660, 882 and 1238 human/rodent homologs, as deregulated by dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone, respectively. A total of 248 gene probes which mapped to 159 human/rodent homologs were commonly deregulated by the three glucocorticoids. These homologs were associated with over 20 molecular functions from cell cycle to cellular metabolisms, and were involved in the development and function of connective tissue, nervous, haematological, and digestive systems. Glucocorticoid receptor signalling, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and RAR signalling were among the top perturbed canonical pathways. Morphological analyses using four transgenic zebrafish lines revealed that the hepatic and endothelial-vascular systems were affected by all three glucocorticoids while nervous, pancreatic and myeloid cell systems were affected by one of them. Quantitative real-time PCR detected significant change in the expression of seven genes at 50 pM of all three glucocorticoids, a concentration comparable to total glucocorticoids reported in environmental waters. Three genes (cry2b, fbxo32, and klhl38b) responded robustly to all glucocorticoid concentrations tested. The common deregulated genes with the associated biological processes and morphological changes can be used for biological inference of glucocorticoid exposure in fish for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Chen
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Caixia Li
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shane A Snyder
- University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0011, USA
| | - Siew Hong Lam
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Novoa-Herran S, Umaña-Perez A, Canals F, Sanchez-Gomez M. Serum depletion induces changes in protein expression in the trophoblast-derived cell line HTR-8/SVneo. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2016; 21:22. [PMID: 28536624 PMCID: PMC5415790 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-016-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How nutrition and growth factor restriction due to serum depletion affect trophoblast function remains poorly understood. We performed a proteomic differential study of the effects of serum depletion on a first trimester human immortalized trophoblast cell line. METHODS The viability of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells in culture with 0, 0.5 and 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) were assayed via MTT at 24, 48 and 64 h. A comparative proteomic analysis of the cells grown with those FBS levels for 24 h was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), followed by mass spectrometry for protein spot identification, and a database search and bioinformatics analysis of the expressed proteins. Differential spots were identified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (n = 3, significance level 0.10, D > 0.642) and/or ANOVA (n = 3, p < 0.05). RESULTS The results showed that low serum doses or serum depletion differentially affect cell growth and protein expression. Differential expression was seen in 25 % of the protein spots grown with 0.5 % FBS and in 84 % of those grown with 0 % FBS, using 10 % serum as the physiological control. In 0.5 % FBS, this difference was related with biological processes typically affected by the serum, such as cell cycle, regulation of apoptosis and proliferation. In addition to these changes, in the serum-depleted proteome we observed downregulation of keratin 8, and upregulation of vimentin, the glycolytic enzymes enolase and pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and tumor progression-related inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) enzyme. The proteins regulated by total serum depletion, but not affected by growth in 0.5 % serum, are members of the glycolytic and nucleotide metabolic pathways and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suggesting an adaptive switch characteristic of malignant cells. CONCLUSIONS This comparative proteomic analysis and the identified proteins are the first evidence of a protein expression response to serum depletion in a trophoblast cell model. Our results show that serum depletion induces specific changes in protein expression concordant with main cell metabolic adaptations and EMT, resembling the progression to a malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Novoa-Herran
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas (Hormone Research Laboratory), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra 30 45-03 Ed 451 Of 464, AA 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Umaña-Perez
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas (Hormone Research Laboratory), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra 30 45-03 Ed 451 Of 464, AA 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Francesc Canals
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Centre Cellex, C Natzaret 115-117, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Myriam Sanchez-Gomez
- Departamento de Química, Grupo de Investigación en Hormonas (Hormone Research Laboratory), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Cra 30 45-03 Ed 451 Of 464, AA 111321 Bogotá, Colombia
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Li M, Zhou J, Qian J, Cheng X, Wu H, Li L, Qian C, Su J, Wu D, Burns L, Golden T, Wu N. Target genes involved in corticosterone-induced PC12 cell viability and neurite disorders: A potential molecular mechanism of major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2016; 235:206-8. [PMID: 26639651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Past studies confirmed that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hormones involved in major depressive disorder (MDD) development. This study used corticosterone treated PC12 cells to explore the potential role of MAPK signal transduction pathway in response to corticosterone stimulation. The results showed that both live cell numbers and cellular neurite outgrowth were remarkably reduced in response to corticosterone treatments. qPCR results demonstrated that the expression levels of four MAPK pathway genes were significantly increased after corticosterone stimulation. In conclusion, glucocorticoids stimulation can affect neuronal cell viability and neurite outgrowth due to the over expression of a group of MAPK pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Li
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Beijing Biodonor Biotech Ltd., Beijing 101111, China
| | - Jialin Qian
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cheng
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chunyan Qian
- Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Joyce Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK 74701, USA
| | - Donald Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK 74701, USA
| | - Larry Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK 74701, USA
| | - Teresa Golden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK 74701, USA
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK 74701, USA.
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Tian J, Pinto JM, Xin Y, Zhang H, Li L, Sun Z, Wei Y. Dexamethasone affects mouse olfactory mucosa gene expression and attenuates genes related to neurite outgrowth. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2015; 5:907-18. [PMID: 26140380 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olfaction is one of the important senses for humans. Systemic glucocorticoids are the most commonly used medications for olfactory loss because of their strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, their effect on olfactory function is still controversial and the precise mechanism is not clear. To gain a global view of the effect of systematic glucocorticoid treatment on gene expression in the olfactory mucosa (OM), we profiled these changes in a murine model of olfaction in order to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were injected daily for 2 weeks (WK2) with dexamethasone (DEX, intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg body weight) vs 1 day of DEX (D1) vs controls, which received saline (Ctrl) (n = 9/group). Total RNA from the OM was used to analyze global gene expression. Genes showing changes in expression were compared using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, v6.7) and the General Olfactory Sensitivity Database (GOSdb; http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/GOSdb). RESULTS Between the WK2 and Ctrl groups, 3351 genes were differentially expressed, of which 236 genes were related to olfactory function. Genes involved in axon guidance, cell projection, and inflammation were enriched and overlapped significantly with those in the GOSdb. CONCLUSION Systemic glucocorticoids exert effects on transcription of a notable number of genes in the OM and appear to orchestrate changes related to axon guidance, cell projection, and inflammation. Further examination may allow targeted therapies that lack the side effects of this category of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxiang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Amelioration of Auditory Response by DA9801 in Diabetic Mouse. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:230747. [PMID: 25878713 PMCID: PMC4387908 DOI: 10.1155/2015/230747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that involves disorders such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic hearing loss. Recently, neurotrophin has become a treatment target that has shown to be an attractive alternative in recovering auditory function altered by DM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DA9801, a mixture of Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea japonica extracts, in the auditory function damage produced in a STZ-induced diabetic model and to provide evidence of the mechanisms involved in enhancing these protective effects. We found a potential application of DA9801 on hearing impairment in the STZ-induced diabetic model, demonstrated by reducing the deterioration produced by DM in ABR threshold in response to clicks and normalizing wave I–IV latencies and Pa latencies in AMLR. We also show evidence that these effects might be elicited by inducing NGF related through Nr3c1 and Akt. Therefore, this result suggests that the neuroprotective effects of DA9801 on the auditory damage produced by DM may be affected by NGF increase resulting from Nr3c1 via Akt transformation.
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Terada K, Kojima Y, Watanabe T, Izumo N, Chiba K, Karube Y. Inhibition of nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by dexamethasone: signaling pathways through the glucocorticoid receptor and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93223. [PMID: 24667984 PMCID: PMC3965538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are important mediators of the stress response and are commonly employed as drugs for the suppression of immune rejection after organ transplantation. Previous investigations uncovered the possibility of mood depression in patients undergoing long-term treatment with synthetic glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (DEX). Exogenous glucocorticoids and their synthetic derivatives can also adversely affect the development of the central nervous system. Although neurite extension from rat pheochromocytoma-derived PC12 cells and a variety of primary neurons is stimulated by nerve growth factor (NGF), and signaling pathways triggered by the binding of NGF to tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (TrkA) function in both neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival, the effect of DEX on the activation of regulatory proteins and pathways downstream of TrkA has not been well characterized. To analyze the influence of DEX on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and signaling, PC12 cells, a widely utilized model of neuronal differentiation, were pretreated with the glucocorticoid prior to NGF induction. NGF-induced neurite outgrowth was attenuated by pretreatment with DEX, even in the absence of DEX after the addition of NGF. Moreover, DEX suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in the neurite outgrowth signaling cascade initiated by NGF. Finally, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, RU38486, counteracted the inhibitory effect of DEX pretreatment, not only on the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2, but also on neurite extension from PC12 cells. These results suggest that DEX binding to the GR impairs NGF-promoted neurite outgrowth by interfering with the activation/phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. These novel findings are likely to be useful for elucidating the central nervous system depressive mechanism(s) of action of DEX and other glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Terada
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Kojima
- Research and Development Department 2, Nippon Sigmax Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Watanabe
- Research and Development Department 2, Nippon Sigmax Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Izumo
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Chiba
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama College of Pharmacy, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Karube
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Liverani E, Paul C. Glucocorticoids alter adrenomedullin receptor expression and secretion in endothelial-like cells and astrocytes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2715-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leskiewicz M, Jantas D, Regulska M, Kaczanowska J, Basta-Kaim A, Budziszewska B, Kubera M, Lason W. Antidepressants attenuate the dexamethasone-induced decrease in viability and proliferation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: A involvement of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Neurochem Int 2013; 63:354-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Comparative neuroprotective effects of rasagiline and aminoindan with selegiline on dexamethasone-induced brain cell apoptosis. Neurotox Res 2009; 15:284-90. [PMID: 19384601 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress can affect the brain and lead to depression; however, the molecular pathogenesis is unclear. An association between stress and stress-induced hypersecretion of glucocorticoids occurs during stress. Dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid) has been reported to induce apoptosis and increase the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) (Youdim et al. 1989). MAO is an enzyme for the degradation of aminergic neurotransmitters; dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin and dietary amines and MAO inhibitors are classical antidepressant drugs. In this study, we have compared the ability of rasagiline (Azilect) and its main metabolite, R-aminoindan with selegiline (Deprenyl) in prevention of dexamethasone-induced brain cell death employing human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and glioblastoma 1242-MG cells. Dexamethasone reduced cell viability as measured by MTT test, but rasagiline, selegiline, and 1-R-aminoindan could significantly prevent dexamethasone-induced brain cell death. Among three drugs, rasagiline had the highest neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of these drugs on MAO B catalytic activity and on apoptotic DNA damage (TUNEL staining) were examined. Rasagiline exhibited highest inhibition on MAO B enzymatic activity and prevention on DNA damage as compared to selegiline and 1-R-aminoindan. In summary, the greater neuroprotective effect of rasagiline may be associated with the combination of the parent drug and its metabolite 1-R-aminoindan.
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Herr I, Büchler MW, Mattern J. Glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis resistance of solid tumors. Results Probl Cell Differ 2009; 49:191-218. [PMID: 19132324 DOI: 10.1007/400_2008_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
More than a quarter of a century ago, the phenomenon of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the majority of hematological cells was first recognized. More recently, glucocorticoid-induced antiapoptotic signaling associated with apoptosis resistance towards cytotoxic therapy has been identified in cells of epithelial origin, most of malignant solid tumors and some other tissues. Despite these huge amounts of data demonstrating differential pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids, the underlying mechanisms of cell type-specific glucocorticoid signaling are just beginning to be described. This review summarizes our present understanding of cell type-specific pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling induced by glucocorticoids. We shortly introduce mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance of hematological cells. We highlight and discuss the emerging molecular evidence of a general induction of survival signaling in epithelial cells and carcinoma cells by glucocorticoids. We give a summary of our current knowledge of decreased proliferation rates in response to glucocorticoid pre- and combination treatment, which are suspicious to be involved not only in protection of normal tissues, but also in protection of solid tumors from cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Herr
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Piekarz RL, Robey RW, Zhan Z, Kayastha G, Sayah A, Abdeldaim AH, Torrico S, Bates SE. T-cell lymphoma as a model for the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy: impact of depsipeptide on molecular markers, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of resistance. Blood 2004; 103:4636-43. [PMID: 14996704 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-09-3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDepsipeptide (FK228) is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor currently in clinical trials and the first to demonstrate clinical activity in patients. Responses have been observed in patients with T-cell lymphomas, despite prior treatment with multiple chemotherapeutic agents. To better understand the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on T-cell lymphoma, the human T-cell lymphoma cell line HUT78 was tested for sensitivity and molecular response to depsipeptide. Treatment with depsipeptide, as well as other histone deacetylase inhibitors, caused induction of histone acetylation, induction of p21 expression, and substantial apoptosis without significant cell cycle arrest. Treatment with the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited depsipeptide-induced apoptosis, enabling detection of cell cycle arrest. Treatment with depsipeptide increased expression of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, and combination with the IL-2 toxin conjugate denileukin diftitox resulted in more than additive toxicity. Cells selected for resistance to depsipeptide overexpressed the multidrug resistance pump, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). However, cells selected for resistance to depsipeptide in the presence of a Pgp inhibitor had a Pgp-independent mechanism of resistance. These studies confirm the activity of depsipeptide in a T-cell lymphoma model and suggest a general sensitivity of T-cell lymphoma to histone deacetylase inhibitors, an emerging new class of anticancer agents. (Blood. 2004;103:4636-4643)
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Piekarz
- Cancer Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, MSC 1903, 10 Center Drive, Building 10/Room 12C103, Bethesda, MD 20892-1903, USA.
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15
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Mohammad YN, Perone M, Wang L, Ingleton PM, Castro MG, Lovejoy DA. Expression of prolactin receptors and regulation of cell proliferation by prolactin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and corticosterone in a neuroblastoma cell line. Biochem Cell Biol 2003; 80:475-82. [PMID: 12234101 DOI: 10.1139/o02-036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aetiology of neuroblastoma remains obscure, although a number of neuropeptides have been implicated in its pathogenesis. Using the mouse neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a as a model, we have investigated the mitogenic actions of prolactin (PRL) and two hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress axis hormones, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticosterone. Using established polyclonal PRL receptor antisera with immunofluorescence cytochemistry, we show that the Neuro2a cells possess immunoreactive forms of both the long and short forms of the receptor. PRL and CRF were effective as mitogens in Neuro2a cell cultures, where a 10(-7) M concentration of PRL or CRF elicited a two-fold increase in the numbers of cells after 72 h (p < 0.0001). Corticosterone, however, attenuated their proliferation. These data suggest that prolactin may act to increase the proliferation and regulation of neuroblastomas and that the effects of PRL may be modified by hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Mohammad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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16
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Tsai SY, Chiu PY, Yang CP, Lee YH. Synergistic effects of corticosterone and kainic acid on neurite outgrowth in axotomized dorsal root ganglion. Neuroscience 2002; 114:55-67. [PMID: 12207954 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Corticosterone is the main adrenal glucocorticoids induced by stress in rats. Therapeutic use of high concentration of synthetic glucocorticoids in clinical treatment of spinal cord injury suggests that pharmacological action of glucocorticoids might be beneficial for nerve repair. In this article we cultured axotomized rat dorsal root ganglion neurons to investigate the effects of corticosterone and a glutamate receptor agonist kainic acid on neurite outgrowth. Our results revealed a synergistic effect of corticosterone and kainic acid in promoting neurite outgrowth when applied as early as one and two days in vitro, but not effective at three and four days in vitro. In addition, applied corticosterone and kainic acid were neurotoxic at three and four days in vitro but not at one and two days in vitro. The minimal concentrations of corticosterone and kainic acid to be effective were 10 microM and 1 mM, respectively. The neurotrophic effect of corticosterone and kainic acid was attenuated by the receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) inhibitor AG-879. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical studies revealed an increase of expressions of both TrkA and growth-associated protein GAP-43 in dorsal root ganglion neurons with combined treatment of corticosterone and kainic acid. Immunocytochemistry showed that corticosterone+kainic acid increase nerve growth factor immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglion neurites and enhance GAP-43 immunointensity in dorsal root ganglion neurons. These results suggest that the neurotrophic effect of glucocorticoids on axonal regeneration might require facilitation of excitatory stimulation at an early stage of nerve injury, and nerve growth factor may mediate a growth signaling to accomplish the effect.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Corticosterone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Interactions/physiology
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- GAP-43 Protein/drug effects
- GAP-43 Protein/metabolism
- Ganglia, Spinal/drug effects
- Ganglia, Spinal/growth & development
- Ganglia, Spinal/metabolism
- Growth Cones/drug effects
- Growth Cones/metabolism
- Growth Cones/ultrastructure
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kainic Acid/pharmacology
- Male
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Nerve Regeneration/physiology
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/metabolism
- Neurites/ultrastructure
- Neurons, Afferent/cytology
- Neurons, Afferent/drug effects
- Neurons, Afferent/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptor, trkA/drug effects
- Receptor, trkA/metabolism
- Receptors, AMPA/metabolism
- Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism
- Tyrphostins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tsai
- Department of Physiology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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17
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Crochemore C, Michaelidis TM, Fischer D, Loeffler JP, Almeida OFX. Enhancement of p53 activity and inhibition of neural cell proliferation by glucocorticoid receptor activation. FASEB J 2002; 16:761-70. [PMID: 12039857 DOI: 10.1096/fj.01-0577com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in neural cells, we observed that dexamethasone, by activating glucocorticoid receptors, causes arrest of HT-22 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle; upon withdrawal of the agonist, cells resume proliferation. Our investigations revealed that glucocorticoid treatment, although having no effects on endogenous p53 protein stability, induces rapid translocation of p53 to the nucleus and enhances its transcriptional activity. Consistently, transfection studies with p53-responsive promoters revealed a substantial stimulation of the trans-activation potential of exogenous p53 by dexamethasone. Cells arrested in G1 failed to show signs of apoptosis even after overexpression of p53. Although dexamethasone induced transcription of the proapoptotic gene bax, there was no increase of Bax protein levels. We conclude that glucocorticoid receptor-induced neural cell cycle arrest is associated with an increase in nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of p53, and suggest that potentiation of p53 may serve as a brake on cell proliferation and may prime cells for differentiation or death induced by other signals.
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