1
|
Grădinaru AC, Popa S. Vitamin C: From Self-Sufficiency to Dietary Dependence in the Framework of Its Biological Functions and Medical Implications. Life (Basel) 2025; 15:238. [PMID: 40003647 PMCID: PMC11856994 DOI: 10.3390/life15020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2025] [Accepted: 01/25/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C is an organic compound biosynthesized in plants and most vertebrates. Since its discovery, the benefits of vitamin C use in the cure and prevention of various pathologies have been frequently reported, including its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and immune modulatory properties. Vitamin C plays an important role in collagen synthesis and subsequent scurvy prevention. It is also required in vivo as a cofactor for enzymes involved in carnitine and catecholamine norepinephrine biosynthesis, peptide amidation, and tyrosine catabolism. Moreover, as an enzymatic cofactor, vitamin C is involved in processes of gene transcription and epigenetic regulation. The absence of the synthesis of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme in the pathway of vitamin C synthesis, is an inborn metabolism error in some fishes and several bird and mammalian species, including humans and non-human primates; it is caused by various changes in the structure of the original GULO gene, making these affected species dependent on external sources of vitamin C. The evolutionary cause of GULO gene pseudogenization remains controversial, as either dietary supplementation or neutral selection is evoked. An evolutionary improvement in the control of redox homeostasis was also considered, as potentially toxic H2O2 is generated as a byproduct in the vitamin C biosynthesis pathway. The inactivation of the GULO gene and the subsequent reliance on dietary vitamin C may have broader implications for aging and age-related diseases, as one of the most important actions of vitamin C is as an anti-oxidant. Therefore, an important aim for medical professionals regarding human and animal health should be establishing vitamin C homeostasis in species that are unable to synthesize it themselves, preventing pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and even cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Cristian Grădinaru
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 3 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sapmaz T, Kale E, Pence ME, Sevgin K, Tekayev M, Topkaraoglu S, Basol G, Yilmaz MB, Sapmaz E, Irkorucu O. Treatment strategies with vitamin E and C in autologous intraperitoneal ovarian transplantation and its impact on ovarian surface epithelium and follicle reserve. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 677:81-87. [PMID: 37556954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of Vitamin E (Vit E) and Vitamin C (Vit C) on markers of the oxidant-antioxidant system, ovarian follicle reserves, and the surface epithelium in autologous intraperitoneal ovarian transplantation conducted in rats. The study aimed to investigate how these antioxidants influence various aspects related to transplantation outcomes, including oxidative stress markers, the preservation of follicle reserves, and the condition of the surface epithelium. A total of 20 adult female Wistar Albino rats were included in the study and randomly assigned to four different groups. Group 1, consisting of 5 rats, served as the control group and underwent a surgical procedure where their abdomens were opened and closed without any further intervention. Group 2, also consisting of 5 rats, underwent ovarian transplantation. In Group 3, comprising 5 rats, an intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of Vitamin E (Vit E) was given 15 min prior to ovarian transplantation. Lastly, in Group 4, which included 5 rats, an IP administration of 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of Vitamin C (Vit C) was given 15 min before ovarian transplantation. Vaginal cytology was performed in order to monitor the estrus phase in the rats. Biochemically, tissue and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured. Histopathologically, the number of dysplastic changes in the ovarian surface epithelium and primordial, primary, secondary, Graaffian, and atretic follicles were examined. Dysplastic changes in the surface epithelium of Group 2 were found to be significantly higher than in Group 1 and 4 (p < 0.02). In Group 2, the ovarian follicle reserves (primordial, primary, secondary, and Graaffian follicles) were significantly lower than in other groups (p < 0.02). In addition, a significant decrease in SOD levels was found in Group 2 compared to other groups (p < 0.02). The study showed that Vit E and Vit C in autologous intraperitoneal ovarian transplantation preserved the ovarian follicle reserve. Vit C was found to be more effective than Vit E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tansel Sapmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Kale
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmud Esad Pence
- University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kubra Sevgin
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammetnur Tekayev
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sude Topkaraoglu
- University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulfem Basol
- University of Health Sciences, Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muserref Banu Yilmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Woman's and Children Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sapmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Adana City Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Oktay Irkorucu
- University of Sharjah, College of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fatima I, Safdar N, Akhtar W, Munir A, Saqib S, Ayaz A, Bahadur S, Alrefaei AF, Ullah F, Zaman W. Evaluation of potential inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase, pancreatic lipase, and cancer cell lines using raw leaves extracts of three fabaceae species. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15909. [PMID: 37206037 PMCID: PMC10189167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the biological potential and phytochemicals of Sophora mollis, Mucuna pruriens, and Indigofera atropurpurea methanolic leaf extracts. In vitro anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-lipase assays were performed using different concentrations of plant extracts, and the IC50 values were determined. The cytotoxic potential of the selected plant extracts was assessed against HeLa, PC3, and 3T3 cell lines using an MTT assay. S. mollis leaf extract displayed the highest inhibition percentage (114.60% ± 19.95 at 1000 μg/mL) for the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with a prominent IC50 value of 75.9 μg/mL. The anti-lipase potential was highest with the M. pruriens leaf extract (355.5 μg/mL IC50), followed by the S. mollis extract (862.7 μg/mL IC50). Among the cell lines tested, the cytotoxic potential of the I. atropurpurea extract (91.1 ppm IC50) against the PC3 cell line was promising. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, rutin trihydrate, and quercetin dihydrate in varying concentrations in all plant species. The concentration of chlorogenic acid (69.09 ppm) was highest in M. pruriens, and the caffeic acid concentration (45.20 ppm) was higher in S. mollis. This paper reports the presence of bioactive therapeutic compounds in selected species of the Fabaceae family that could be micro-propagated, isolated, and utilized in pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Naila Safdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Saqib
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 434200, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Wuzhishan Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Research Station; College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China
| | | | - Fazal Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreira POL, Nogueira PM, Monte-Neto RL. Next-Generation Leishmanization: Revisiting Molecular Targets for Selecting Genetically Engineered Live-Attenuated Leishmania. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041043. [PMID: 37110466 PMCID: PMC10145799 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research devoted to finding a vaccine against leishmaniasis, we are still lacking a safe and effective vaccine for humans. Given this scenario, the search for a new prophylaxis alternative for controlling leishmaniasis should be a global priority. Inspired by leishmanization-a first generation vaccine strategy where live L. major parasites are inoculated in the skin to protect against reinfection-live-attenuated Leishmania vaccine candidates are promising alternatives due to their robust elicited protective immune response. In addition, they do not cause disease and could provide long-term protection upon challenge with a virulent strain. The discovery of a precise and easy way to perform CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing allowed the selection of safer null mutant live-attenuated Leishmania parasites obtained by gene disruption. Here, we revisited molecular targets associated with the selection of live-attenuated vaccinal strains, discussing their function, their limiting factors and the ideal candidate for the next generation of genetically engineered live-attenuated Leishmania vaccines to control leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo O L Moreira
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens (BAP), Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil
| | - Paula M Nogueira
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens (BAP), Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil
| | - Rubens L Monte-Neto
- Biotechnology Applied to Pathogens (BAP), Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Minas, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Çiçek S. Influences of l-ascorbic acid on cytotoxic, biochemical, and genotoxic damages caused by copper II oxide nanoparticles in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 266:109559. [PMID: 36738901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the raising use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) in various industrial and commercial practices, scientific reports on their release to the environment and toxicity are increasing. The toxicity of CuO NPs is mostly based on their oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy of well-known therapeutic agents as antioxidants against CuO NPs damage. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of this damage and to display whether l-ascorbic acid could preserve against the cell toxicities induced by CuO NPs in the rainbow trout gonad cells-2 (RTG-2). While CuO NPs treatment significantly diminished cell viability, the l-ascorbic acid supplement reversed this. l-ascorbic acid treatment reversed the changes in expressions of sod1, sod2, gpx1a, and gpx4b genes while playing a supportive role in the changes in the expression of the cat gene induced by CuO NPs treatment. Moreover, CuO NPs treatment caused an upregulation in the expressions of growth-related genes (gh1, igf1, and igf2) and l-ascorbic acid treatment further increased these effects. CuO NPs treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of the gapdh gene (glycolytic enzyme gene) compared to the control group, and l-ascorbic acid treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of the gapdh gene compared to CuO NPs treatment. The genotoxicity test demonstrated that l-ascorbic acid treatment increased the genotoxic effect caused by CuO NPs by acting as a co-mutagen. Based on the findings, l-ascorbic acid has the potential to be sometimes inhibitory and sometimes supportive of cellular mechanisms caused by CuO NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Çiçek
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25400, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu S, Chen S, Li H, Paengkoum S, Taethaisong N, Meethip W, Surakhunthod J, Sinpru B, Sroichak T, Archa P, Thongpea S, Paengkoum P. Sustainable Valorization of Tomato Pomace ( Lycopersicon esculentum) in Animal Nutrition: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3294. [PMID: 36496814 PMCID: PMC9736048 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the background of the current shortage of feed resources, especially the shortage of protein feed, attempts to develop and utilize new feed resources are constantly being made. If the tomato pomace (TP) produced by industrial processing is used improperly, it will not only pollute the environment, but also cause feed resources to be wasted. This review summarizes the nutritional content of TP and its use and impact in animals as an animal feed supplement. Tomato pomace is a by-product of tomato processing, divided into peel, pulp, and tomato seeds, which are rich in proteins, fats, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids, as well as antioxidant bioactive compounds, such as lycopene, beta-carotenoids, tocopherols, polyphenols, and terpenes. There are mainly two forms of feed: drying and silage. Tomato pomace can improve animal feed intake and growth performance, increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and PUFA n-3 content in meat, improve meat color, nutritional value, and juiciness, enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity of animals, and improve sperm quality. Lowering the rumen pH and reducing CH4 production in ruminants promotes the fermentation of rumen microorganisms and improves economic efficiency. Using tomato pomace instead of soybean meal as a protein supplement is a research hotspot in the animal husbandry industry, and further research should focus on the processing technology of TP and its large-scale application in feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Lu
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Shengchang Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Haixia Li
- Animal Nutrition and Technology Quality Control R&D Department, Guizhou Province Chuanpai Feed Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550201, China
| | - Siwaporn Paengkoum
- Program in Agriculture, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Taethaisong
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Weerada Meethip
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jariya Surakhunthod
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Boontum Sinpru
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Thakun Sroichak
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pawinee Archa
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sorasak Thongpea
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pramote Paengkoum
- School of Animal Technology and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teafatiller T, Subramanian S, Marquez FE, Kitazawa M, Subramanian VS. Valproic acid upregulates sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 functional expression in neuronal cells. Life Sci 2022; 308:120944. [PMID: 36096242 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal uptake of ascorbic acid (AA) in humans occurs via the human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-2 (hSVCT2). Recent studies show that a significantly lower level of vitamin C is present in the blood of epileptic patients. Consequently, focused studies investigating the involved molecular mechanisms for hSVCT2 regulation are vital to enhance vitamin C body homeostasis. Currently, little is known about the role of valproic acid (VPA), a drug utilized to treat epilepsy and a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), on AA uptake in neuronal systems. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of VPA on hSVCT2 functional expression in neuronal cells. VPA treatment upregulated the AA uptake and this increased AA uptake was associated with a significant increase in hSVCT2 expression and SLC23A2 promoter activity in SH-SY5Y cells. Knockdown of HDAC2, a predominant isoform in neuronal systems, significantly increased hSVCT2 functional expression. VPA treatment in mice displayed increased mouse (m)SVCT2 protein, mRNA and heterogenous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) expression in the brain. In addition, Yin Yang-1 (YY1), a transcription factor that drives the SLC23A2 promoter activity, protein and mRNA expression levels were markedly upregulated in VPA-treated SH-SY5Y cells and mice brain. Together, our findings suggest that VPA upregulates the functional expression of SVCT2 via HDAC2 and transcriptional mechanism(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Teafatiller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Sreya Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Felerico E Marquez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America
| | - Veedamali S Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ali V, Behera S, Nawaz A, Equbal A, Pandey K. Unique thiol metabolism in trypanosomatids: Redox homeostasis and drug resistance. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2022; 117:75-155. [PMID: 35878950 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are mainly responsible for heterogeneous parasitic diseases: Leishmaniasis, Sleeping sickness, and Chagas disease and control of these diseases implicates serious challenges due to the emergence of drug resistance. Redox-active biomolecules are the endogenous substances in organisms, which play important role in the regulation of redox homeostasis. The redox-active substances like glutathione, trypanothione, cysteine, cysteine persulfides, etc., and other inorganic intermediates (hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide) are very useful as defence mechanism. In the present review, the suitability of trypanothione and other essential thiol molecules of trypanosomatids as drug targets are described in Leishmania and Trypanosoma. We have explored the role of tryparedoxin, tryparedoxin peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutaredoxins in the anti-oxidant mechanism and drug resistance. Up-regulation of some proteins in trypanothione metabolism helps the parasites in survival against drug pressure (sodium stibogluconate, Amphotericin B, etc.) and oxidative stress. These molecules accept electrons from the reduced trypanothione and donate their electrons to other proteins, and these proteins reduce toxic molecules, neutralize reactive oxygen, or nitrogen species; and help parasites to cope with oxidative stress. Thus, a better understanding of the role of these molecules in drug resistance and redox homeostasis will help to target metabolic pathway proteins to combat Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Sachidananda Behera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Afreen Nawaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Asif Equbal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India; Department of Botany, Araria College, Purnea University, Purnia, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (RMRIMS), Patna, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gajski G, Gerić M, Jakaša I, Peremin I, Domijan AM, Vučić Lovrenčić M, Kežić S, Bituh M, Moraes de Andrade V. Inflammatory, oxidative and DNA damage status in vegetarians: is the future of human diet green? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-33. [PMID: 34634971 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The health benefit of a vegetarian diet is still under debate as it may result in a higher intake of some beneficial micronutrients, while others may be reduced, thus influencing various metabolic pathways and health-related biomarkers. This scoping review discusses inflammatory, oxidative and DNA damage status in vegetarians and vegans compared to omnivores. Most of the reviewed studies indicated favorable effects of a vegetarian diet on oxidative status compared to omnivores but did not clearly associate particular dietary habits to genome damage. The evidence on the effect of vegetarian diet on the inflammatory and immunological biomarkers is poor, which could at least partly be explained by methodological constraints such as small sample size, short duration of vegetarianism and inconsistent definitions of the omnivorous diet. The only inflammatory biomarker that seems to be associated with the vegetarian diet was inflammatory mediator C-reactive protein, which in several studies showed lower values in vegetarians as compared to omnivores. There were very few studies on immunological markers and the results on the difference between vegetarians and omnivores were inconclusive. Although several biomarkers involved in oxidative stress and inflammation showed a beneficial association with the vegetarian diet, further research in well-defined and sufficiently sized cohorts is needed to provide more evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivone Jakaša
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Peremin
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Marija Domijan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Sanja Kežić
- Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Bituh
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Quality Control, Laboratory for Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanessa Moraes de Andrade
- Health Sciences Unit, Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leite DOD, Camilo CJ, Nonato CDFA, de Carvalho NKG, Salazar GJT, de Morais SM, da Costa JGM. Chemical Profile and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Activities of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) Extracts. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102343. [PMID: 34681391 PMCID: PMC8535769 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the chemical profile of extracts from the pulp and seed of Annona squamosa L., as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. In the chemical prospection, qualitative assays were performed, and the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids were quantified. For the compounds identification, analyses of the extracts were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reduction, 2-DR protection, and β-carotene protection methods. The assay for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was determined using the method described by Ellman. The secondary metabolites identified were anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, and alkaloids. Phenol analysis showed a higher quantitative value of total phenols and flavonoids for the seed extract, and the vitamin C content was higher in the pulp extract. There was no significant difference in relation to the carotenoids quantification. The best results obtained for antioxidant activity, for both seed and pulp extracts, were with the ABTS method with IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. Compared to A. squamosa seed extract, the pulp extract demonstrates higher AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 of 18.82 ± 0.17 µg/mL. A. squamosa is a nutritious food source. The continuity of the studies is fundamental to relate the consumption of this food and its effects on neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Odília Duarte Leite
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60740-000, CE, Brazil; (D.O.D.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
| | - Cicera Janaine Camilo
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Carla de Fatima Alves Nonato
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Natália Kelly Gomes de Carvalho
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Gerson Javier Torres Salazar
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
| | - Selene Maia de Morais
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60740-000, CE, Brazil; (D.O.D.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
| | - José Galberto Martins da Costa
- Northeast Biotechnology Network, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60740-000, CE, Brazil; (D.O.D.L.); (S.M.d.M.)
- Research Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil; (C.J.C.); (C.d.F.A.N.); (N.K.G.d.C.); (G.J.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Maxwell CA, Akella NM. Diet as a Potential Moderator for Genome Stability and Immune Response in Pediatric Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030413. [PMID: 33499176 PMCID: PMC7865408 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent cancer affecting children in developed societies. Here, we review the role of diet in control of the incidence and progression of childhood ALL. Prenatally, ALL risk is associated with higher birthweights of newborns, suggesting that ALL begins to evolve in-utero. Indeed, maternal diet influences the fetal genome and immune development. Postnatally, breastfeeding associates with decreased risk of ALL development. Finally, for the ALL-affected child, certain dietary regimens that impact the hormonal environment may impede disease progression. Improved understanding of the dietary regulation of hormones and immunity may inform better approaches to predict, protect, and ultimately save children afflicted with pediatric leukemia. Abstract Pediatric leukemias are the most prevalent cancers affecting children in developed societies, with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common subtype. As diet is a likely modulator of many diseases, this review focuses on the potential for diet to influence the incidence and progression of childhood ALL. In particular, the potential effect of diets on genome stability and immunity during the prenatal and postnatal stages of early childhood development are discussed. Maternal diet plays an integral role in shaping the bodily composition of the newborn, and thus may influence fetal genome stability and immune system development. Indeed, higher birth weights of newborns are associated with increased risk of ALL, which suggests in-utero biology may shape the evolution of preleukemic clones. Postnatally, the ingestion of maternal breastmilk both nourishes the infant, and provides essential components that strengthen and educate the developing immune system. Consistently, breast-feeding associates with decreased risk of ALL development. For children already suffering from ALL, certain dietary regimens have been proposed. These regimens, which have been validated in both animals and humans, alter the internal hormonal environment. Thus, hormonal regulation by diet may shape childhood metabolism and immunity in a manner that is detrimental to the evolution or expansion of preleukemic and leukemic ALL clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
| | - Christopher A. Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.A.M.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Neha M. Akella
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Correspondence: (C.A.M.); (N.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Novel Design and Fabrication of Ascorbic Acid Sensitive Biosensor Based on Combination of HAP/rGO/AuNPs Composite and Ascorbate Oxidase. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Adinehbeigi K, Shaddel M, Khalili S, Zakeri A. Suramin could block the activity of Arabinono-1, 4-lactone oxidase enzyme from Leishmania donovani: structure-based screening and molecular dynamics analyses. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:162-172. [PMID: 31667504 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmania donovani, a parasitic protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis, can lead to a dangerous and often fatal disease in humans. Current treatment for leishmaniasis may have severe side effects, low efficacy and high cost, hence an immediate need for new efficient drugs is essential. Arabinono-1, 4-lactone oxidase enzyme from Leishmania donovani (LdALO), which catalyzes the last step of the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway, has been considered as a potential target for antileishmanial drugs design. METHODS The current study was performed with an in silico approach to predict novel inhibitory molecules against the LdALO enzyme. Various modeling and refinement processes were employed to obtain a reliable 3D structure. RESULTS The best LdALO model with the highest qualitative model energy analysis score was predicted by the Robetta server and subsequently refined by 3D refine and ModLoop servers. The high quality of the final LdALO model was confirmed using model assessment software. Based on docking analysis results, we predicted 10 inhibitory molecules of a US Food and Drug Administration-approved library, with appropriate criteria regarding energy binding and interaction with the main functionally active sites of LdALO, indicating that they could be significant targets for further drug design investigations against L. donovani. CONCLUSION Suramin is used to treat the first stage of African sleeping sickness and its mechanism of action is unknown. Our results showed that suramin was the best-predicted inhibitor compound for LdALO enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Adinehbeigi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Etemad Zadeh Street, Fatemi Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shaddel
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Etemad Zadeh Street, Fatemi Street, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Science, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zakeri
- Department of Biology Science, Shahid Rajaee University, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Castelo-Branco PV, Alves HJ, Pontes RL, Maciel-Silva VL, Ferreira Pereira SR. Ascorbic acid reduces the genetic damage caused by miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) in animals infected by Leishmania (Leishamnia) infantum without decreasing its antileishmanial activity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 9:8-15. [PMID: 30578864 PMCID: PMC6304451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishamaniasis is a neglected disease caused by over 20 Leishmania species, occurring in more than a hundred countries. Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) is the single oral drug used in treatment for leshmaniases, including cases of infections resistant to pentavalent antimony. Our group has recently demonstrated the ability of miltefosine to cause genomic lesions by DNA oxidation. Acknowledging that antioxidant compounds can potentially modulate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), our study verified whether ascorbic acid reduces the genotoxic and mutagenic effects caused by miltefosine, and whether it interferes with drug efficacy. For this purpose, uninfected Swiss mice received simultaneous (single dose treatment) miltefosine and ascorbic acid (gavage and intraperitoneally), besides pre and post treatments (ascorbic acid 24 h before and after drug administration); furthermore, Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania infantum received miltefosine plus ascorbic acid (repeated doses treatment). We conducted comet assays, micronucleus tests, dosages of superoxide dismutase enzyme and parasitic burden by the limiting dilution assay. We observed that ascorbic acid administered intraperitoneally displayed a protective effect over damage caused by miltefosine. However, this effect was not not observed when the same doses were administered via gavage, possibly due to low serum levels of this antioxidant. Ascorbic acid's protective effect reinforces that miltefosine damages DNA by oxidizing its nitrogenous bases, which is reduced by ascorbic acid due to its ability of protecting genetic material from the action of ROS. Therefore, our results show that this drug is efficient in reducing parasitic burden of L. infantum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Valéria Castelo-Branco
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Hugo José Alves
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raissa Lacerda Pontes
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Maciel-Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of State of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Silma Regina Ferreira Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jha P, Das AJ, Deka SC. Optimisation of fermentation process for production of black rice wine and evaluation of its phenolic and volatile compounds. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jha
- Tezpur University; Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Napaam Sonitpur, Ass am-784028 India
| | - Arup Jyoti Das
- Tezpur University; Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Napaam Sonitpur, Ass am-784028 India
| | - Sankar Chandra Deka
- Tezpur University; Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Napaam Sonitpur, Ass am-784028 India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jha P, Das AJ, Deka SC. Optimization of ultrasound and microwave assisted extractions of polyphenols from black rice ( Oryza sativa cv. Poireton) husk. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:3847-3858. [PMID: 29085127 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were extracted from the husk of milled black rice (cv. Poireton) by using a combination of ultrasound assisted extraction and microwave assisted extraction. Extraction parameters were optimized by response surface methodology according to a three levels, five variables Box-Behnken design. The appropriate process variables (extraction temperature and extraction time) to maximize the ethanolic extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of the extracts were obtained. Extraction of functional components with varying ethanol concentration and microwave time were significantly affected by the process variables. The best possible conditions obtained by RSM for all the factors included 10.02 min sonication time, 49.46 °C sonication temperature, 1:40.79 (w/v) solute solvent ratio, 67.34% ethanol concentration, and 31.11 s microwave time. Under the given solutions, the maximum extraction of phenolics (1.65 mg/g GAE), flavonoids (3.04 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (3.39 mg/100 g) and antioxidants (100%) were predicted, while the experimental values included 1.72 mg/g GAE of total phenolics, 3.01 mg/100 g of flavonoids, 3.36 mg/100 g of anthocyanins and 100% antioxidant activity. The overall results indicated positive impact of co-application of microwave and ultrasound assisted extractions of phenolic compounds from black rice husk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jha
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Arup Jyoti Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028 India
| | - Sankar Chandra Deka
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vitamin C, Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070670. [PMID: 28654021 PMCID: PMC5537785 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence in mice models of accelerated senescence indicates a rescuing role of ascorbic acid in premature aging. Supplementation of ascorbic acid appeared to halt cell growth, oxidative stress, telomere attrition, disorganization of chromatin, and excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, and extend lifespan. Interestingly, ascorbic acid (AA) was also found to positively modulate inflamm-aging and immunosenescence, two hallmarks of biological aging. Moreover, ascorbic acid has been shown to epigenetically regulate genome integrity and stability, indicating a key role of targeted nutrition in healthy aging. Growing in vivo evidence supports the role of ascorbic acid in ameliorating factors linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, although evidence in humans yielded equivocal results. The neuroprotective role of ascorbic acid not only relies on the general free radical trapping, but also on the suppression of pro-inflammatory genes, mitigating neuroinflammation, on the chelation of iron, copper, and zinc, and on the suppression of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) fibrillogenesis. Epidemiological evidence linking diet, one of the most important modifiable lifestyle factors, and risk of Alzheimer's disease is rapidly increasing. Thus, dietary interventions, as a way to epigenetically modulate the human genome, may play a role in the prevention of AD. The present review is aimed at providing an up to date overview of the main biological mechanisms that are associated with ascorbic acid supplementation/bioavailability in the process of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, we will address new fields of research and future directions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Abo-Al-Ela HG, El-Nahas AF, Mahmoud S, Ibrahim EM. Vitamin C Modulates the Immunotoxic Effect of 17α-Methyltestosterone in Nile Tilapia. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2042-2050. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela
- Animal Health Research Institute, Shibin Al-Kom
Branch, Agriculture Research Centre, El-Minufiya, Egypt
- Department
of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Abeer F. El-Nahas
- Department
of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Shawky Mahmoud
- Department
of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr
El-Shaikh, Egypt
| | - Essam M. Ibrahim
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research
Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Davis CD, Uthus EO. DNA Methylation, Cancer Susceptibility, and Nutrient Interactions. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:988-95. [PMID: 15522834 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422901002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism of transcriptional control. DNA methylation plays an essential role in maintaining cellular function, and changes in methylation patterns may contribute to the development of cancer. Aberrant methylation of DNA (global hypomethylation accompanied by region-specific hypermethylation) is frequently found in tumor cells. Global hypomethylation can result in chromosome instability, and hypermethylation has been associated with the inaction of tumor suppressor genes. Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that part of the cancer-protective effects associated with several bioactive food components may relate to DNA methylation patterns. Dietary factors that are involved in one-carbon metabolism provide the most compelling data for the interaction of nutrients and DNA methylation because they influence the supply of methyl groups, and therefore the biochemical pathways of methylation processes. These nutrients include folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, methionine, and choline. However, looking at individual nutrients may be too simplistic. Dietary methyl (folate, choline, and methionine) deficiency in combination causes decreased tissue S-adenosylmethionine, global DNA hypomethylation, hepatic steatosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatic tumorigenesis in rodents in the absence of carcinogen treatment. Other dietary components such as vitamin B12, alcohol, and selenium may modify the response to inadequate dietary folate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy D Davis
- Nutritional Sciences Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Suite 3159, Rockville, MD 20892-7328, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leelarungrayub J, Yankai A, Pinkaew D, Puntumetakul R, Laskin JJ, Bloomer RJ. A preliminary study on the effects of star fruit consumption on antioxidant and lipid status in elderly Thai individuals. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1183-92. [PMID: 27621606 PMCID: PMC5012612 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this preliminary study were to evaluate the antioxidant and lipid status before and after star fruit juice consumption in healthy elderly subjects, and the vitamins in star fruit extracts. METHODS A preliminary designated protocol was performed in 27 elderly individuals with a mean (±SD) age of 69.5±5.3 years, by planning a 2-week control period before 4 weeks of consumption of star fruit twice daily. Oxidative stress parameters such as total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, malondialdehyde, protein hydroperoxide, multivitamins such as l-ascorbic acid (Vit C), retinoic acid (Vit A), and tocopherol (Vit E), and the lipid profile parameters such as cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were analyzed. Moreover, Vit C, Vit A, and Vit E levels were evaluated in the star fruit extracts during the 4-week period. RESULTS In the 2-week control period, all parameters showed no statistically significant difference; after 4 weeks of consumption, significant improvement in the antioxidant status was observed with increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde and protein hydroperoxide levels, as well as significantly increased levels of Vit C and Vit A, when compared to the two-time evaluation during the baseline periods. However, glutathione and Vit E showed no statistical difference. In addition, the HDL-C level was higher and the LDL-C level was significantly lower when compared to both baseline periods. But the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol showed no difference. Vit C and Vit A were identified in small quantities in the star fruit extract. CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggested that consumption of star fruit juice twice daily for 1 month improved the elderly people's antioxidant status and vitamins, as well as improved the lipoproteins related to Vit C and Vit A in the star fruit extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Leelarungrayub
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
| | - Araya Yankai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
| | - Decha Pinkaew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
| | - Rungthip Puntumetakul
- Research Center in Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain and Human Performance (BNOJPH), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - James J Laskin
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
In humans, approximately 60 mg of ascorbic acid (AA) breaks down in the body each day and has to be replaced by a dietary intake of 70 mg in women and 90 mg in men to maintain optimal health and AA homeostasis. The breakdown of AA is non-enzymatic and results in oxalate formation. The exact amount of oxalate formed has been difficult to ascertain primarily due to the limited availability of healthy human tissue for such research and the difficulty in measuring AA and its breakdown products. The breakdown of 60 mg of AA to oxalate could potentially result in the formation of up to 30 mg oxalate per day. This exceeds our estimates of the endogenous production of 10-25 mg oxalate per day, indicating that degradative pathways that do not form oxalate exist. In this review, we examine what is known about the pathways of AA metabolism and how oxalate forms. We further identify how gaps in our knowledge may be filled to more precisely determine the contribution of AA breakdown to oxalate production in humans. The use of stable isotopes of AA to directly assess the conversion of vitamin to oxalate should help fill this void.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhong J, Agha G, Baccarelli AA. The Role of DNA Methylation in Cardiovascular Risk and Disease: Methodological Aspects, Study Design, and Data Analysis for Epidemiological Studies. Circ Res 2016; 118:119-131. [PMID: 26837743 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic, environmental, behavioral, and clinical factors contribute to cardiovascular disease development. How these risk factors interact at the cellular level to cause cardiovascular disease is not well known. Epigenetic epidemiology enables researchers to explore critical links between genomic coding, modifiable exposures, and manifestation of disease phenotype. One epigenetic link, DNA methylation, is potentially an important mechanism underlying these associations. In the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of epidemiological studies investigating cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in relation to DNA methylation, but many gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying cause and biological implications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the biology and mechanisms of DNA methylation and its role in cardiovascular disease. In addition, we summarize the current evidence base in epigenetic epidemiology studies relevant to cardiovascular health and disease and discuss the limitations, challenges, and future directions of the field. Finally, we provide guidelines for well-designed epigenetic epidemiology studies, with particular focus on methodological aspects, study design, and analytical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Golareh Agha
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tiwari MK, Mishra PC. Catalytic role of iron-superoxide dismutase in hydrogen abstraction by super oxide radical anion from ascorbic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11455e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic role of iron-superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) in the working of ascorbic acid (AA) as a superoxide radical anion scavenger has been studied by employing a model developed recently for the active site of the enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Tiwari
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi – 221 005
- India
| | - Phool C. Mishra
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi – 221 005
- India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Leelarungrayub J, Laskin JJ, Bloomer RJ, Pinkaew D. Consumption of star fruit juice on pro-inflammatory markers and walking distance in the community dwelling elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 64:6-12. [PMID: 26952371 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of star fruit juice supplementation on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-23 (IL-23) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), nitric oxide (NO), and 6 min walking distance (6MWD) in a group of elderly individuals. METHODS Twenty-nine individuals (20 males, 9 females) with a mean age of 72.4±8.3 years completed this study. A two-week control period was followed by four weeks of 100g fresh star fruit juice consumption twice per day after meals. RESULTS Plasma TNF-α, IL-23, IL-2, NO and the 6MWD were evaluated twice during the control period (weeks 0 and 2) and once after the star fruit juice consumption (week 6). RESULTS The results showed that all parameters in the blood did not change significantly during the control period. After 4 weeks of star fruit juice consumption, a significant reduction in NO, TNF-α and IL-23 was found; however, there was no change in IL-2. Moreover, the 6MWD increased significantly at week 6, when compared to that at week 0 and 2. Furthermore, the results also showed a significantly positive and negative correlation of NO and TNF-α to the 6MWD, but no correlation of IL-23 and IL-2. CONCLUSION This preliminary study concluded that consumption of star fruit juice at 100g twice daily for one month can significantly depress the pro-inflammation cytokines: TNF-α, IL-23, and NO, while increasing walking distance. Low TNF-α and high NO also present a significant correlation to walking capacity in elderly individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Leelarungrayub
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - James J Laskin
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
| | - Richard J Bloomer
- Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory, School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Decha Pinkaew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dehydroascorbic Acid Promotes Cell Death in Neurons Under Oxidative Stress: a Protective Role for Astrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5847-5863. [PMID: 26497038 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AA), the reduced form of vitamin C, is incorporated into neurons via the sodium ascorbate co-transporter SVCT2. However, this transporter is not expressed in astrocytes, which take up the oxidized form of vitamin C, dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), via the facilitative hexose transporter GLUT1. Therefore, neuron and astrocyte interactions are thought to mediate vitamin C recycling in the nervous system. Although astrocytes are essential for the antioxidant defense of neurons under oxidative stress, a condition in which a large amount of ROS is generated that may favor the extracellular oxidation of AA and the subsequent neuronal uptake of DHA via GLUT3, potentially increasing oxidative stress in neurons. This study analyzed the effects of oxidative stress and DHA uptake on neuronal cell death in vitro. Different analyses revealed the presence of the DHA transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 in Neuro2a and HN33.11 cells and in cortical neurons. Kinetic analyses confirmed that all cells analyzed in this study possess functional GLUTs that take up 2-deoxyglucose and DHA. Thus, DHA promotes the death of stressed neuronal cells, which is reversed by incubating the cells with cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of DHA uptake by GLUT1 and GLUT3. Additionally, the presence of glial cells (U87 and astrocytes), which promote DHA recycling, reverses the observed cell death of stressed neurons. Taken together, these results indicate that DHA promotes the death of stressed neurons and that astrocytes are essential for the antioxidative defense of neurons. Thus, the astrocyte-neuron interaction may function as an essential mechanism for vitamin C recycling, participating in the antioxidative defense of the brain.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cobley JN, McHardy H, Morton JP, Nikolaidis MG, Close GL. Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: Implications for exercise adaptations. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:65-76. [PMID: 25841784 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The exogenous antioxidants vitamin C (ascorbate) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) often blunt favorable cell signaling responses to exercise, suggesting that redox signaling contributes to exercise adaptations. Current theories posit that this antioxidant paradigm interferes with redox signaling by attenuating exercise-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation. The well-documented in vitro antioxidant actions of ascorbate and α-tocopherol and characterization of the type and source of the ROS/RNS produced during exercise theoretically enable identification of redox-dependent mechanisms responsible for the blunting of favorable cell signaling responses to exercise. This review aimed to apply this reasoning to determine how the aforementioned antioxidants might attenuate exercise-induced ROS/RNS production. The principal outcomes of this analysis are (1) neither antioxidant is likely to attenuate nitric oxide signaling either directly (reaction with nitric oxide) or indirectly (reaction with derivatives, e.g., peroxynitrite); (2) neither antioxidant reacts appreciably with hydrogen peroxide, a key effector of redox signaling; (3) ascorbate but not α-tocopherol has the capacity to attenuate exercise-induced superoxide generation; and (4) alternate mechanisms, namely pro-oxidant side reactions and/or reduction of bioactive oxidized macromolecule adducts, are unlikely to interfere with exercise-induced redox signaling. Out of all the possibilities considered, ascorbate-mediated suppression of superoxide generation with attendant implications for hydrogen peroxide signaling is arguably the most cogent explanation for blunting of favorable cell signaling responses to exercise. However, this mechanism is dependent on ascorbate accumulating at sites rich in NADPH oxidases, principal contributors to contraction-mediated superoxide generation, and outcompeting nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase isoforms. The major conclusions of this review are: (1) direct evidence for interference of ascorbate and α-tocopherol with exercise-induced ROS/RNS production is lacking; (2) theoretical analysis reveals that both antioxidants are unlikely to have a major impact on exercise-induced redox signaling; and (3) it is worth considering alternate redox-independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Cobley
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK, DD1 1HG.
| | - Helen McHardy
- Division of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee, UK, DD1 1HG
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Eqxercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK, L3 3AF
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Eqxercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK, L3 3AF
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Anand S, Madhubala R. Genetically Engineered Ascorbic acid-deficient Live Mutants of Leishmania donovani induce long lasting Protective Immunity against Visceral Leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10706. [PMID: 26035062 PMCID: PMC4451804 DOI: 10.1038/srep10706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani is the most severe systemic form of the disease. There are still no vaccines available for humans and there are limitations associated with the current therapeutic regimens for leishmaniasis. Recently, we reported functional importance of Arabino-1, 4-lactone oxidase (ALO) enzyme from L. donovani involved in ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. In this study, we have shown that ΔALO parasites do not affect the ability of null mutants to invade visceral organs but severely impair parasite persistence beyond 16 week in BALB/c mice and hence are safe as an immunogen. Both short term (5 week) and long term (20 week) immunization with ΔALO parasites conferred sustained protection against virulent challenge in BALB/c mice, activated splenocytes and resulted in induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Protection in immunized mice after challenge correlated with the stimulation of IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Antigen-mediated cell immunity correlated with robust nitrite and superoxide generation, macrophage-derived oxidants critical in controlling Leishmania infection. Our data shows that live attenuated ΔALO parasites are safe, induce protective immunity and can provide sustained protection against Leishmania donovani. We further conclude that the parasites attenuated in their anti-oxidative defence mechanism can be exploited as vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Anand
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rentala Madhubala
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ching B, Chew SF, Ip YK. Ascorbate synthesis in fishes: A review. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:69-76. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Biyun Ching
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Shit F. Chew
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Republic of Singapore
| | - Yuen K. Ip
- Department of Biological Sciences; National University of Singapore; Singapore Republic of Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kadiiska MB, Peddada S, Herbert RA, Basu S, Hensley K, Jones DP, Hatch GE, Mason RP. Biomarkers of oxidative stress study VI. Endogenous plasma antioxidants fail as useful biomarkers of endotoxin-induced oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 81:100-6. [PMID: 25614459 PMCID: PMC4467900 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This is the newest report in a series of publications aiming to identify a blood-based antioxidant biomarker that could serve as an in vivo indicator of oxidative stress. The goal of the study was to test whether acutely exposing Göttingen mini pigs to the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in a loss of antioxidants from plasma. We set as a criterion that a significant effect should be measured in plasma and seen at both doses and at more than one time point. Animals were injected with two doses of LPS at 2.5 and 5 µg/kg iv. Control plasma was collected from each animal before the LPS injection. After the LPS injection, plasma samples were collected at 2, 16, 48, and 72 h. Compared with the controls at the same time point, statistically significant losses were not found for either dose at multiple time points in any of the following potential markers: ascorbic acid, tocopherols (α, δ, γ), ratios of GSH/GSSG and cysteine/cystine, mixed disulfides, and total antioxidant capacity. However, uric acid, total GSH, and total Cys were significantly increased, probably because LPS had a harmful effect on the liver. The leakage of substances from damaged cells into the plasma may have increased plasma antioxidant concentrations, making changes difficult to interpret. Although this study used a mini-pig animal model of LPS-induced oxidative stress, it confirmed our previous findings in different rat models that measurement of antioxidants in plasma is not useful for the assessment of oxidative damage in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Kadiiska
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ronald A Herbert
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Samar Basu
- Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary E Hatch
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Ronald P Mason
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Manhas R, Anand S, Tripathi P, Madhubala R. Deletion of Vitamin C biosynthesis enzyme, Arabino-1, 4-lactone oxidase inLeishmania donovaniresults in increased pro-inflammatory responses from host immune cells. Mol Microbiol 2014; 91:1227-39. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reetika Manhas
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Sneha Anand
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Pankaj Tripathi
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Rentala Madhubala
- School of Life Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi 110067 India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Štajner D, Popović B, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Đilas S, Ćetković G. Nutritive composition and free radical scavenger activity of honey enriched with of Rosa spp. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
32
|
Fenech MF. Nutriomes and personalised nutrition for DNA damage prevention, telomere integrity maintenance and cancer growth control. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:427-441. [PMID: 24114494 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage at the base sequence and chromosome level is a fundamental cause of developmental and degenerative diseases. Multiple micronutrients and their interactions with the inherited and/or acquired genome determine DNA damage and genomic instability rates. The challenge is to identify for each individual the combination of micronutrients and their doses (i.e. the nutriome) that optimises genome stability, including telomere integrity and functionality and DNA repair. Using nutrient array systems with high-content analysis diagnostics of DNA damage, cell death and cell growth, it is possible to define, on an individual basis, the optimal nutriome for DNA damage prevention and cancer growth control. This knowledge can also be used to improve culture systems for cells used in therapeutics such as stem cells to ensure that they are not genetically aberrant when returned to the body. Furthermore, this information could be used to design dietary patterns that deliver the micronutrient combinations and concentrations required for preventing DNA damage by micronutrient deficiency or excess. Using this approach, new knowledge could be obtained to identify the dietary restrictions and/or supplementations required to control specific cancers, which is particularly important given that reliable validated advice is not yet available for those diagnosed with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, 10041, Adelaide BC, SA, 5000, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Samoylenko A, Hossain JA, Mennerich D, Kellokumpu S, Hiltunen JK, Kietzmann T. Nutritional countermeasures targeting reactive oxygen species in cancer: from mechanisms to biomarkers and clinical evidence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2157-96. [PMID: 23458328 PMCID: PMC3869543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert various biological effects and contribute to signaling events during physiological and pathological processes. Enhanced levels of ROS are highly associated with different tumors, a Western lifestyle, and a nutritional regime. The supplementation of food with traditional antioxidants was shown to be protective against cancer in a number of studies both in vitro and in vivo. However, recent large-scale human trials in well-nourished populations did not confirm the beneficial role of antioxidants in cancer, whereas there is a well-established connection between longevity of several human populations and increased amount of antioxidants in their diets. Although our knowledge about ROS generators, ROS scavengers, and ROS signaling has improved, the knowledge about the direct link between nutrition, ROS levels, and cancer is limited. These limitations are partly due to lack of standardized reliable ROS measurement methods, easily usable biomarkers, knowledge of ROS action in cellular compartments, and individual genetic predispositions. The current review summarizes ROS formation due to nutrition with respect to macronutrients and antioxidant micronutrients in the context of cancer and discusses signaling mechanisms, used biomarkers, and its limitations along with large-scale human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Samoylenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jubayer Al Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniela Mennerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lam TK, Freedman ND, Fan JH, Qiao YL, Dawsey SM, Taylor PR, Abnet CC. Prediagnostic plasma vitamin C and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:1289-97. [PMID: 24025629 PMCID: PMC3798080 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.061267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND China has some of the highest incidence rates for gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the world. Prospective studies suggested that vitamin C may reduce risks; however, associations are unclear because of limited sample size. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the relation between prediagnostic plasma vitamin C and the risk of GA and ESCC. DESIGN A case-cohort study was used to assess the association between prediagnostic plasma vitamin C and incidence of GA (n = 467) and ESCC (n = 618) in the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial. With the use of multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated the HRs and 95% CIs. We also conducted a meta-analysis of the literature up to 1 October 2012 on the relation between circulating vitamin C and gastric cancer incidence. Two cohort studies and the current study were included to assess the body of evidence. RESULTS For GA, each 20-μmol/L increase in plasma vitamin C was associated with a 14% decrease in risk (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.96). Compared with individuals with low plasma vitamin C concentrations (≤28 μmol/L), those with normal concentrations (>28 μmol/L) had a 27% reduced risk of GA (HR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94). No association between vitamin C concentrations and ESCC was seen. Meta-analysis showed that the risk of incident GA among those with the highest concentration of plasma vitamin C was 31% lower (random-effects-pooled-odds ratio 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.89) than those in the lowest category. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that higher circulating vitamin C was associated with a reduced risk of incident GA, but no association was seen for ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tram Kim Lam
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Genetic Epidemiology Branch (TKL and PRT), Nutritional Epidemiology Branch (NDF, SMD, and CCA), and the Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (TKL), Rockville, MD; and the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China (J-HF and Y-LQ)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rech Franke SI, Guecheva TN, Henriques JAP, Prá D. Orange Juice and Cancer Chemoprevention. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:943-53. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.817594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
36
|
de Brum TF, Zadra M, Piana M, Boligon AA, Fröhlich JK, de Freitas RB, Stefanello ST, Froeder ALF, Belke BV, Nunes LT, da Silva Jesus R, Machado MM, Teixeira da Rocha JB, Soares FAA, Athayde ML. HPLC analysis of phenolics compounds and antioxidant capacity of leaves of Vitex megapotamica (Sprengel) Moldenke. Molecules 2013; 18:8342-57. [PMID: 23863774 PMCID: PMC6269793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18078342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitex megapotamica (Sprengel) Moldenke belongs to the Verbenaceae family and is popularly known as "tarumã". The antioxidant capacity of fractions and crude extract from the leaves of V. megapotamica were determined in this study through the capacity to remove reactive species and phenolic compounds were quantified in the various fractions. The IC50 (DPPH) ranged from 14.17 ± 0.76 to 37.63 ± 0.98 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction might contain the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory compounds with an IC50 of 16.36 ± 5.09 µg/mL, being also the one with the highest content of polyphenols (522.4 ± 1.12 mg/g), flavonoids (220.48 ± 0.30 mg/g) and condensed tannins (3.86 ± 0.53 mg/g). Compounds quantified by HPLC/DAD in the crude extract and fractions were chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. Higher dosages of the extracts were more effective in reducing levels of plasma protein carbonyls and were also shown to be able to remove reactive species by a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, reducing oxidative stress in all tested fractions. Results obtained indicated that V. megapotamica exhibits good potential to prevent diseases caused by the overproduction of free radicals and it might also be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiele Faccim de Brum
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Zadra
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Piana
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Kieling Fröhlich
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Robson Borba de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Terra Stefanello
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Luana Forbrig Froeder
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Vargas Belke
- Pharmacy Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Teixeira Nunes
- Pharmacy Course, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roberta da Silva Jesus
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Michel Mansur Machado
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa-UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS 97500-970, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Margareth Linde Athayde
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Camobi Campus, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arigony ALV, de Oliveira IM, Machado M, Bordin DL, Bergter L, Prá D, Pêgas Henriques JA. The influence of micronutrients in cell culture: a reflection on viability and genomic stability. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:597282. [PMID: 23781504 PMCID: PMC3678455 DOI: 10.1155/2013/597282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients, including minerals and vitamins, are indispensable to DNA metabolic pathways and thus are as important for life as macronutrients. Without the proper nutrients, genomic instability compromises homeostasis, leading to chronic diseases and certain types of cancer. Cell-culture media try to mimic the in vivo environment, providing in vitro models used to infer cells' responses to different stimuli. This review summarizes and discusses studies of cell-culture supplementation with micronutrients that can increase cell viability and genomic stability, with a particular focus on previous in vitro experiments. In these studies, the cell-culture media include certain vitamins and minerals at concentrations not equal to the physiological levels. In many common culture media, the sole source of micronutrients is fetal bovine serum (FBS), which contributes to only 5-10% of the media composition. Minimal attention has been dedicated to FBS composition, micronutrients in cell cultures as a whole, or the influence of micronutrients on the viability and genetics of cultured cells. Further studies better evaluating micronutrients' roles at a molecular level and influence on the genomic stability of cells are still needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Vargas Arigony
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Iuri Marques de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriana Machado
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diana Lilian Bordin
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lothar Bergter
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Prá
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Avenida Independência 2293, 96815-900 Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Laboratório de Reparação de DNA em Eucariotos, Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43422, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação para Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica—ROYAL, Unidade GENOTOX—ROYAL, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Setor IV, Campus do Vale, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Da Silva Nunes R, Silva Kahl VF, Da Silva Sarmento M, Richter MF, Abin-Carriquiry JA, Martinez MM, De Barros Falcão Ferraz A, Da Silva J. Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Activity of Acerola (Malpighia glabraL.) Extract in Relation to the Geographic Origin. Phytother Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Francília Silva Kahl
- Laboratory of Toxicologic Genetics, Post-graduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde); Lutheran Univ. Brazil, ULBRA; 92.425-900; Canoas; RS; Brazil
| | - Merielen Da Silva Sarmento
- Laboratory of Toxicologic Genetics, Post-graduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde); Lutheran Univ. Brazil, ULBRA; 92.425-900; Canoas; RS; Brazil
| | | | - Juan Andres Abin-Carriquiry
- Departament of Neurochemistry; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; 11600; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Marcela María Martinez
- Departament of Neurochemistry; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable; 11600; Montevideo; Uruguay
| | - Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosis and Phytochemistry - Post-graduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde); Lutheran Univ. Brazil; 92.425-900; Canoas; RS; Brazil
| | - Juliana Da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxicologic Genetics, Post-graduation in Cellular and Molecular Biology Applied to Health (PPGBioSaúde); Lutheran Univ. Brazil, ULBRA; 92.425-900; Canoas; RS; Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei F, Qu C, Song T, Ding G, Fan Z, Liu D, Liu Y, Zhang C, Shi S, Wang S. Vitamin C treatment promotes mesenchymal stem cell sheet formation and tissue regeneration by elevating telomerase activity. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3216-24. [PMID: 22105792 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell sheet engineering has been developed as an alternative approach to improve mesenchymal stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration. In this study, we found that vitamin C (Vc) was capable of inducing telomerase activity in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), leading to the up-regulated expression of extracellular matrix type I collagen, fibronectin, and integrin β1, stem cell markers Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog as well as osteogenic markers RUNX2, ALP, OCN. Under Vc treatment, PDLSCs can form cell sheet structures because of increased cell matrix production. Interestingly, PDLSC sheets demonstrated a significant improvement in tissue regeneration compared with untreated control dissociated PDLSCs and offered an effective treatment for periodontal defects in a swine model. In addition, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell sheets were also well constructed using this method. The development of Vc-mediated mesenchymal stem cell sheets may provide an easy and practical approach for cell-based tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fulan Wei
- Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cocetta G, Karppinen K, Suokas M, Hohtola A, Häggman H, Spinardi A, Mignani I, Jaakola L. Ascorbic acid metabolism during bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruit development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:1059-65. [PMID: 22608079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) possesses a high antioxidant capacity in berries due to the presence of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid (AsA). Accumulation of AsA and the expression of the genes encoding the enzymes of the main AsA biosynthetic route and of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, as well as the activities of the enzymes involved in AsA oxidation and recycling were investigated for the first time during the development and ripening of bilberry fruit. The results showed that the AsA level remained relatively stable during fruit maturation. The expression of the genes encoding the key enzymes in the AsA main biosynthetic route showed consistent trends with each other as well as with AsA levels, especially during the first stages of fruit ripening. The expression of genes and activities of the enzyme involved in the AsA oxidation and recycling route showed more prominent developmental stage-dependent changes during the ripening process. Different patterns of activity were found among the studied enzymes and the results were, for some enzymes, in accordance with AsA levels. In fully ripe berries, both AsA content and gene expression were significantly higher in skin than in pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cocetta
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Düsman E, Ferreira MFDS, Berti AP, Mariucci RG, Mantovani MS, Vicentini VEP. Investigation of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of Malpighia glabra L. (barbados cherry) fruit pulp and vitamin C on plant and animal test systems. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-20612012005000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fruits are important sources of nutrients in human diet, and Barbados Cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) is of particular interest due to its high content of antioxidants. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables protect individuals against diseases and cancer, but excessive intake of vitamins may act as pro-oxidant and generate changes in DNA. To evaluate the effect of different in natura (BAN) and frozen (BAF) Barbados Cherry pulp concentrations and synthetic vitamin C in liquid form (VC) on the chromosome level and the cell cycle division, root meristeme cells of Allium cepa L. and bone marrow cells of Wistar rats Rattus norvegicus, were used as test system. In Allium cepa L., BAN, at the highest concentration (0.4 mg.mL-1) and BAF, at the lowest concentration (0.2 mg.mL-1), inhibited cell division, and there was recovery of cell division after the recovery period in water only for BAN. In the Wistar rats, all treatments with Barbados Cherry, either acute or subchronic, were not cytotoxic or mutagenic; only the highest concentration of VC increased significantly the rate of chromosomal abnormalities. The data obtained are important to reinforce the use of Barbados Cherry fruit in the diet.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kahl VF, Reyes JM, Sarmento MS, da Silva J. Mitigation by vitamin C of the genotoxic effects of nicotine in mice, assessed by the comet assay and micronucleus induction. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 744:140-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
43
|
da Silva FC, Arruda A, Ledel A, Dauth C, Romão NF, Viana RN, de Barros Falcão Ferraz A, Picada JN, Pereira P. Antigenotoxic effect of acute, subacute and chronic treatments with Amazonian camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) juice on mice blood cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2275-81. [PMID: 22542553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Myrciaria dubia, a plant native to the Amazon region, stands out as a fruit rich in vitamin C and other metabolites with nutritional potential. We evaluated the antioxidant, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of M. dubia juice on blood cells of mice after acute, subacute and chronic treatments. Flavonoids and vitamin C present in the fruit of M. dubia were quantified. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Blood samples were collected for analysis after treatment, and the alkaline comet assay was used to analyze the genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity (ex vivo analysis using H(2)O(2)). The amount of vitamin C per 100mL of M. dubia was 52.5mg. DPPH assay showed an antioxidant potential of the fruit. No M. dubia concentration tested exerted any genotoxic effect on mice blood cells. In the ex vivo test, the juice demonstrated antigenotoxic effect, and acute treatment produced the most significant results. After the treatments, there was no evidence of toxicity or death. In conclusion, our data show that M. dubia juice has antigenotoxic and antioxidant activities, though with no genotoxicity for blood cells. Nevertheless, more in-depth studies should be conducted to assess the safety of this fruit for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carlos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia Aplicada, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sarkar A, Ghosh S, Pakrashi S, Roy D, Sen S, Chatterjee M. Leishmania strains causing self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis have greater susceptibility towards oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:665-73. [PMID: 22385212 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.668186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The survival of Leishmania parasites within macrophages is influenced by generation of free radicals. To establish whether generation of free radicals influenced chemotherapeutic response, promastigotes from isolates causing self-healing or delayed/non-self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were evaluated for their susceptibility to nitric oxide (NO), antimony and miltefosine. In a self-healing CL strain of Leishmania major (5ASKH), susceptibility to NO and antimony was higher than other species. Likewise, a Leishmania amazonensis strain, M2269, showed greater susceptibility to NO and antimony than other species but no such correlation was observed with miltefosine. Additionally, 5ASKH and M2269 showed poorer free radical scavenging capacity as also their thiol levels were lower than species causing VL. Collectively, our study suggests that self-healing isolates tend to be more susceptible to oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tewari RK, Watanabe D, Watanabe M. Chloroplastic NADPH oxidase-like activity-mediated perpetual hydrogen peroxide generation in the chloroplast induces apoptotic-like death of Brassica napus leaf protoplasts. PLANTA 2012; 235:99-110. [PMID: 21853253 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research over the past years, regeneration from protoplasts has been observed in only a limited number of plant species. Protoplasts undergo complex metabolic modification during their isolation. The isolation of protoplasts induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in Brassica napus leaf protoplasts. The present study was conducted to provide new insight into the mechanism of ROS generation in B. napus leaf protoplasts. In vivo localization of H(2)O(2) and enzymes involved in H(2)O(2) generation and detoxification, molecular antioxidant-ascorbate and its redox state and lipid peroxidation were investigated in the leaf and isolated protoplasts. Incubating leaf strips in the macerating enzyme (ME) for different duration (3, 6, and 12 h) induced accumulation of H(2)O(2) and malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation, an index of membrane damage) in protoplasts. The level of H(2)O(2) was highest just after protoplast isolation and subsequently decreased during culture. Superoxide generating NADPH oxidase (NOX)-like activity was enhanced, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased in the protoplasts compared to leaves. Diaminobenzidine peroxidase (DAB-POD) activity was also lower in the protoplasts compared to leaves. Total ascorbate content, ascorbate to dehydroascorbate ratio (redox state), were enhanced in the protoplasts compared to leaves. Higher activity of NOX-like enzyme and weakening in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, APX, and DAB-POD) in protoplasts resulted in excessive accumulation of H(2)O(2) in chloroplasts of protoplasts. Chloroplastic NADPH oxidase-like activity mediated perpetual H(2)O(2) generation probably induced apoptotic-like cell death of B. napus leaf protoplasts as indicated by parallel DNA laddering and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Tewari
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
When considering the history of vitamin C, and the names given to this molecule in early days, the Latin proverb nomen est omen suddenly comes to mind. Around 1920, when Casimir Funk introduced the term Vitamin C to indicate the nutritional factor necessary to prevent the pathological state known as scurvy, the nature of the active molecule was still unknown (Davies MB, Austin J, Partridge DA (1991) Vitamin C: Its chemistry and biochemistry. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge UK). Almost in the same years, Albert Szent-Giörgyi was striving to identify a new 6-carbon sugar he had obtained in crystal form from oranges, lemons, cabbage and adrenal glands. As humorously described by Szent-Giörgyi himself (Szent-Giörgyi A (1963) Lost in the twentieth century. Annu Rev Biochem 36:1-15), he intended to name this yet unknown carbohydrate "ignose". When this name was rejected by Sir Arthur Harden, editor of the Biochemical Journal, he suggested to name it "godnose", meaning that only God could know the real identity of the molecule. Obviously, also this choice was considered inappropriate by Harden, who suggested the plain name "hexuronic acid". Only later, when the structure of "hexuronic acid" had been completely elucidated, and biological tests performed by Swirbely identified this molecule as the anti-scurvy factor vitamin C, Szent-Giörgyi and Walter Norman Haworth decided to eventually name it ascorbic acid (Szent-Giörgyi A (1963) Lost in the twentieth century. Annu Rev Biochem 36:1-15). "Ascorbic" literally means "against scurvy", and scurvy is known to be mainly due to the inactivation of some important dioxygenases involved in the synthesis of a few key molecules, including different collagen forms (De Tullio MC (2004) How does ascorbic acid prevent scurvy? A survey of the nonantioxidant functions of vitamin C. In: Asard H, May J, Smirnoff N (eds) Vitamin C, its functions and biochemistry in animals and plants. Bios Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK, pp. 159-172). All this has very little to do with the celebrated role of ascorbic acid (ASC) as an antioxidant. So, if the fate of ASC had to be found in its name, its role in the prevention of scurvy (i.e. beyond the antioxidant function) should be considered its main feature. But, in spite of more than 80 years of extensive research (34,424 hits in a PubMed query on January 6 2007), an unprecedented popularity among the general public, an estimated market of several billion dollars (Hancock RD, Viola R (2005) Improving the nutritional value of crops through enhancement of l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content: Rationale and biotechnological opportunities. J Agr Food Chem 53:5248-5257), we should honestly conclude that the fate of vitamin C is still in the first name it received, many years ago: we still ignore much of its actual relevance in cell metabolism, although we are progressively getting aware of the many facets of this fascinating molecule, and its direct involvement in the regulation of apparently unrelated pathways (Arrigoni O, De Tullio MC (2002) Ascorbic acid, much more than just an antioxidant. Biochim Biophys Acta 1569:1-9; De Tullio MC, Arrigoni O (2004) Hopes, disillusions and more hopes from vitamin C. Cell Mol Life Sci 61:209-219; Duarte TL, Lunec J (2005) When is an antioxidant not an antioxidant? A review of novel actions and reactions of vitamin C. Free Rad Res 39:671-686). Recent data on ASC involvement in cell signalling and gene expression open new perspectives, that will be presented and discussed in this chapter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario C De Tullio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Vegetale, Universita' di Bari, 70125, Bari, Italia,
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Leishmania donovani encodes a functional enzyme involved in vitamin c biosynthesis: Arabino-1,4-lactone oxidase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2011; 180:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
48
|
Kadiiska MB, Hatch GE, Nyska A, Jones DP, Hensley K, Stocker R, George MM, Van Thiel DH, Stadler K, Barrett JC, Mason RP. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress Study IV: ozone exposure of rats and its effect on antioxidants in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1636-42. [PMID: 21824516 PMCID: PMC3195517 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether acutely exposing rats to ozone would result in the loss of antioxidants from plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additional goals were to compare analyses of the same antioxidant concentration between different laboratories, to investigate which methods have the sensitivity to detect decreased levels of antioxidants, and to identify a reliable measure of oxidative stress in ozone-exposed rats. Male Fisher rats were exposed to either 2.0 or 5.0 ppm ozone inhalation for 2h. Blood plasma and BALF samples were collected 2, 7, and 16 h after the exposure. It was found that ascorbic acid in plasma collected from rats after the higher dose of ozone was lower at 2h, but not later. BALF concentrations of ascorbic acid were decreased at both 2 and 7h postexposure. Tocopherols (α, δ, γ), 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol, tocol, glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and cysteine (Cys/CySS) were not decreased, regardless of the dose or postexposure time point used for sample collection. Uric acid was significantly increased by the low dose at 2h and the high dose at the 7h point, probably because of the accumulation of blood plasma in the lung from ozone-increased alveolar capillary permeability. We conclude that measurements of antioxidants in plasma are not sensitive biomarkers for oxidative damage induced by ozone and are not a useful choice for the assessment of oxidative damage by ozone in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Kadiiska
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zuo A, Yanying Y, Li J, Binbin X, Xiongying Y, Yan Q, Shuwen C. Study on the relation of structure and antioxidant activity of isorhamnetin, quercetin, phloretin, silybin and phloretin isonicotinyl hydrazone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5530/ax.2011.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
50
|
Fenech M. Current Knowledge and Strategies to Determine Dietary Reference Values for DNA Damage Prevention. Genes Environ 2011. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.33.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|