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TOMIOKA Y, TAKEDA K, OZAKI K, INOUE H, YAMAMOTO S, TAKEUCHI T, ONO E. Single amino acid mutation of nectin-1 provides remarkable resistance against lethal pseudorabies virus infection in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:120-127. [PMID: 38030279 PMCID: PMC10849851 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An approach to genetically engineered resistance to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection was examined by using a mouse model with defined point mutation in primary receptor for alphaherpesviruses, nectin-1, by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. It has become clear that phenylalanine at position 129 of nectin-1 is important for binding to viral glycoprotein D (gD), and mutation of phenylalanine 129 to alanine (F129A) prevents nectin-1 binding to gD and virus entry in vitro. Here, to assess the antiviral potential of the single amino acid mutation of nectin-1, F129A, in vivo, we generated genome-edited mutant mouse lines; F129A and 135 knockout (KO). The latter, 135 KO used as a nectin-1 knockout line for comparison, expresses a carboxy-terminal deleted polypeptide consisting of 135 amino acids without phenylalanine 129. In the challenge with 10 LD50 PRV via intranasal route, perfect protection of disease onset was induced by expression of the mutation of nectin-1, F129A (survival rate: 100% in F129A and 135 KO versus 0% in wild type mice). Neither viral DNA/antigens nor pathological changes were detected in F129A, suggesting that viral entry was prevented at the primary site in natural infection. In the challenge with 50 LD50 PRV, lower but still strong protective effect against disease onset was observed (survival rate: 57% in F129A and 75% in 135 KO versus 0% in wild type mice). The present results indicate that single amino acid mutation of nectin-1 F129A provides significant resistance against lethal pseudorabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko TOMIOKA
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keiko TAKEDA
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinuyo OZAKI
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiromi INOUE
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayo YAMAMOTO
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi TAKEUCHI
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Etsuro ONO
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li X, Zhang W, Liu Y, Xie J, Hu C, Wang X. Role of p53 in pseudorabies virus replication, pathogenicity, and host immune responses. Vet Res 2019; 50:9. [PMID: 30717799 PMCID: PMC6360683 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key cellular transcription factor that plays a central role in cellular responses to a broad range of stress factors, p53 has generally been considered as a host cell restriction factor for various viral infections. However, the defined roles of p53 in pseudorabies virus (PRV) replication, pathogenesis, and host responses remain unclear. In the present study, we initially constructed a p53 overexpressing a porcine kidney epithelial cell line (PK-15) to detect the effect of p53 on PRV replication in vitro. The results show that viral glycoprotein B (gB) gene copies and the titers of virus were significantly higher in p53 overexpressing PK-15 cells than in PK-15 and p53 inhibitor treated p53 overexpressing PK-15 cells. A similar result was also found in the p53 inhibitor PFT-α-treated PK-15 cells. We then examined the effects of p53 on PRV infection in vivo by using p53-knockout (p53−/−) mice. The results show that p53 knockout not only led to significantly reduced rates of mortality but also to reduced viral replication and development of viral encephalitis in the brains of mice following intracranial inoculation. Furthermore, we examined the effect of p53 knockout on the expression of the reported host cell regulators of PRV replication in the brains of mice by using RNA sequencing. The results show that p53 knockout downregulated the interferon (IFN) regulator genes, chemokine genes, and antiviral genes after PRV infection. This finding suggests that p53 positively regulates viral replication and pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer novel targets of intrinsic host cell immunity for PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nangjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxun Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhuo Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoye Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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T-box transcription regulator Tbr2 is essential for the formation and maintenance of Opn4/melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. J Neurosci 2014; 34:13083-95. [PMID: 25253855 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1027-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opsin 4 (Opn4)/melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) play a major role in non-image-forming visual system. Although advances have been made in understanding their morphological features and functions, the molecular mechanisms that regulate their formation and survival remain unknown. Previously, we found that mouse T-box brain 2 (Tbr2) (also known as Eomes), a T-box-containing transcription factor, was expressed in a subset of newborn RGCs, suggesting that it is involved in the formation of specific RGC subtypes. In this in vivo study, we used complex mouse genetics, single-cell dye tracing, and behavioral analyses to determine whether Tbr2 regulates ipRGC formation and survival. Our results show the following: (1) Opn4 is expressed exclusively in Tbr2-positive RGCs; (2) no ipRGCs are detected when Tbr2 is genetically ablated before RGC specification; and (3) most ipRGCs are eliminated when Tbr2 is deleted in established ipRGCs. The few remaining ipRGCs display abnormal dendritic morphological features and functions. In addition, some Tbr2-expressing RGCs can activate Opn4 expression on the loss of native ipRGCs, suggesting that Tbr2-expressing RGCs may serve as a reservoir of ipRGCs to regulate the number of ipRGCs and the expression levels of Opn4.
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4
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Oyibo HK, Znamenskiy P, Oviedo HV, Enquist LW, Zador AM. Long-term Cre-mediated retrograde tagging of neurons using a novel recombinant pseudorabies virus. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:86. [PMID: 25232307 PMCID: PMC4153299 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain regions contain diverse populations of neurons that project to different long-range targets. The study of these subpopulations in circuit function and behavior requires a toolkit to characterize and manipulate their activity in vivo. We have developed a novel set of reagents based on Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) for efficient and long-term genetic tagging of neurons based on their projection targets. By deleting IE180, the master transcriptional regulator in the PRV genome, we have produced a mutant virus capable of infection and transgene expression in neurons but unable to replicate in or spread from those neurons. IE180-null mutants showed no cytotoxicity, and infected neurons exhibited normal physiological function more than 45 days after infection, indicating the utility of these engineered viruses for chronic experiments. To enable rapid and convenient construction of novel IE180-null recombinants, we engineered a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) shuttle-vector system for moving new constructs into the PRV IE180-null genome. Using this system we generated an IE180-null recombinant virus expressing the site-specific recombinase Cre. This Cre-expressing virus (PRV-hSyn-Cre) efficiently and robustly infects neurons in vivo and activates transgene expression from Cre-dependent vectors in local and retrograde projecting populations of neurons in the mouse. We also generated an assortment of recombinant viruses expressing fluorescent proteins (mCherry, EGFP, ECFP). These viruses exhibit long-term labeling of neurons in vitro but transient labeling in vivo. Together these novel IE180-null PRV reagents expand the toolkit for targeted gene expression in the brain, facilitating functional dissection of neuronal circuits in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassana K Oyibo
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA ; Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petr Znamenskiy
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA ; Biozentrum, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hysell V Oviedo
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA ; Department of Biology, City College of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn W Enquist
- Molecular Biology and Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Anthony M Zador
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY, USA
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Tomioka Y, Morimatsu M, Taharaguchi S, Yamamoto S, Suyama H, Ozaki K, Iwamori N, Ono E. Abnormal spermatogenesis and reduced fertility in transgenic mice expressing the immediate-early protein IE180 of pseudorabies virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:683-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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López-Ramos JC, Tomioka Y, Morimatsu M, Yamamoto S, Ozaki K, Ono E, Delgado-García JM. Motor-coordination-dependent learning, more than others, is impaired in transgenic mice expressing pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein IE180. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12123. [PMID: 20711341 PMCID: PMC2920824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum in transgenic mice expressing pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein IE180 (TgIE96) was substantially diminished in size, and its histoarchitecture was severely disorganized, resulting in severe ataxia. TgIE96 mice can therefore be used as an experimental model to study the involvement of cerebellar circuits in different learning tasks. The performance of three-month-old TgIE96 mice was studied in various behavioral tests, including associative learning (classical eyeblink conditioning), object recognition, spatial orientation (water maze), startle response and prepulse inhibition, and passive avoidance, and compared with that of wild-type mice. Wild-type and TgIE96 mice presented similar reflexively evoked eyeblinks, and acquired classical conditioned eyelid responses with similar learning curves for both trace and delay conditioning paradigms. The two groups of mice also had similar performances during the object recognition test. However, they showed significant differences for the other three tests included in this study. Although both groups of animals were capable of swimming, TgIE96 mice failed to learn the water maze task during the allowed time. The startle response to a severe tone was similar in both control and TgIE96 mice, but the latter were unable to produce a significant prepulse inhibition. TgIE96 mice also presented evident deficits for the proper accomplishment of a passive avoidance test. These results suggest that the cerebellum is not indispensable for the performance of classical eyeblink conditioning and for object recognition tasks, but seems to be necessary for the proper performance of water maze, prepulse inhibition, and passive avoidance tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Division of Disease Model Innovation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Division of Disease Model Innovation, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ozaki
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Laboratory of Biomedicine, Center of Biomedical Research, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (JMDG); (EO)
| | - José M. Delgado-García
- Neuroscience Division, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
- * E-mail: (JMDG); (EO)
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7
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Tomioka Y, Miyazaki T, Taharaguchi S, Yoshino S, Morimatsu M, Uede T, Ono E, Watanabe M. Cerebellar pathology in transgenic mice expressing the pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein IE180. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:2115-32. [PMID: 18412631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus is an alphaherpesvirus causing fatal neurological diseases in animals. Pseudorabies virus carries a gene encoding immediate-early (IE) protein IE180, which controls the transcription of other viral and host cell genes. Previously, we reported that transgenic expression of IE180 in mice causes severe ataxia and cerebellar deformity. Here we identified profound abnormalities in adult IE180 transgenic mice, including malpositioning of Purkinje cells (PCs), granule cells (GCs) and Bergmann glia (BG), impaired dendritogenesis and synaptogenesis in PCs, disoriented BG fibers, absence of molecular layer interneurons, and increased apoptosis of neurons and glia. In accordance with the cellular defects, we found the expression of IE180 in PCs, GCs and astrocytes during cerebellar development. We next examined transgenic mice expressing truncated IE180 mutants: dlN132 lacking the acidic transcriptional active domain, dlC629 lacking the nuclear localization signal and dlC1081 having all known domains but lacking the carboxyl-terminal sequence. Despite similar expression levels of the transgenes, ataxia and cerebellar defects were only manifested in the dlC1081 transgenic mice but their phenotypes were milder compared with the IE180 transgenic mice. In the dlC1081 transgenic mice, cerebellar neurons and glia were normally positioned but cerebellar size was severely reduced due to GC deficits. Interestingly, dlC1081 was mainly expressed in the GCs with low expression in a few BG. Taken together, the present findings clarified a causal relationship between cerebellar pathology and cellular expression of IE180, and further afforded an experimental insight into different symptomatic severity as a consequence of different cellular defects caused by such cytotoxic viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tomioka
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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8
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Oliet SHR, Mothet JP. Regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by astrocytic D-serine. Neuroscience 2008; 158:275-83. [PMID: 18358625 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are key glutamatergic receptors in the CNS. Their permeability to Ca2+ and their voltage-dependent Mg2+ block make them essential for synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, rhythmogenesis, gene expression and excitotoxicity. One very peculiar property is that their activation requires the binding of both glutamate and a co-agonist like glycine or D-serine. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that D-serine, rather than glycine as originally thought, is the endogenous ligand for NMDARs in many brain structures. D-serine is synthesized mainly in glial cells and it is released upon activation of glutamate receptors. Its concentration in the synaptic cleft controls the number of NMDAR available for activation by glutamate. Consequently, the glial environment of neurons has a critical impact on the direction and magnitude of NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H R Oliet
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U862, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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Blanchard Y, Le Meur N, Le Cunff M, Blanchard P, Léger J, Jestin A. Cellular gene expression survey of PseudoRabies Virus (PRV) infected Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK-293). Vet Res 2006; 37:705-23. [PMID: 16820135 DOI: 10.1051/vetres:2006027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an alpha herpesvirus that causes Aujezsky disease in the pig. To characterize the impact of PRV infection on cellular expression, we used microarrays consisting of 9850 oligonucleotides corresponding to human genes and examined the expression levels of mRNA isolated 0.5, 3, 6, and 9 h post infection (hpi) from cultures of infected HEK-293 cells. Very few changes were observed during the first 3 h of infection but significant modifications in the cell expression of more than 1000 genes were clearly apparent by 6 hpi. More than 2400 genes were either up- or down-regulated during the 9 h experiment. These results were then analyzed using gene ontology and the MAPP and MAPPFinder software. This comprehensive analysis clearly shows that the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in macromolecular synthesis (DNA, RNA and proteins) and the cell cycle. The up-regulated genes primarily concerned the regulation of DNA transcription, developmental processes (central nervous system development, neurogenesis, angiogenesis), cell adhesion and potassium transport. This study is the first qualitative analysis of a gene expression survey in a human cell line following PRV infection. It demonstrates global changes in the cell expression profile, and identifies the main biological processes that are altered during virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Virale et Biosécurité, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, BP 53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
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10
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Martineau M, Baux G, Mothet JP. D-serine signalling in the brain: friend and foe. Trends Neurosci 2006; 29:481-91. [PMID: 16806506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and glia talk to each other at synapses. Glia sense the level of synaptic activity and consequently regulate its efficacy via the release of neuromodulators. One such glia-derived modulator is D-serine, an amino acid that serves as an endogenous ligand for the strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site of NMDA glutamate receptors. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings on the mechanisms of its synthesis, release and clearance at synapses, with an emphasis on the dichotomy of behaviour of this novel messenger in the brain. The discovery of the good and ugly faces of this gliotransmitter is an important issue of modern neuroscience that has repercussions for the treatment of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Martineau
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Morphofonctionnelle, INSERM U378, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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Oliet SHR, Mothet JP. Molecular determinants ofD-serine-mediated gliotransmission: From release to function. Glia 2006; 54:726-737. [PMID: 17006901 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 80s, it is recognized that functional activation of N-methyl D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) requires the binding of both glutamate and glycine. However, the surprising discovery that the wrong isomer of serine, D-serine, is present in mammals has profoundly challenged this dogmatic model of NMDARs activation. Indeed, there are accumulating evidence indicating that D-serine is the endogenous ligand for the glycine modulatory binding site in many brain areas. D-Serine is synthesized in glial cells by serine racemase (SR) and released upon activation of glutamate receptors. Here, we will provide an overview of recent findings on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and release of this gliotransmitter. We will also emphasize the function of this novel messenger in regulating synaptic excitatory transmission and plasticity in different brain areas. Because it fulfils all criteria for a gliotransmitter, D-serine regulatory action on glutamatergic transmission further illustrates the emerging concept of the "tripartite synapse".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane H R Oliet
- INSERM U378 and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Mothet
- INSERM U378 and Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33077 Bordeaux, France
- Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred Fessard, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CNRS UPR9040, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Weber W, Malphettes L, de Jesus M, Schoenmakers R, El-Baba MD, Spielmann M, Keller B, Weber CC, van de Wetering P, Aubel D, Wurm FM, Fussenegger M. Engineered Streptomyces quorum-sensing components enable inducible siRNA-mediated translation control in mammalian cells and adjustable transcription control in mice. J Gene Med 2005; 7:518-25. [PMID: 15521094 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in functional genomics, gene therapy, tissue engineering, drug discovery and biopharmaceuticals production have been fostered by precise small-molecule-mediated fine-tuning of desired transgenes. METHODS Capitalizing on well-evolved quorum-sensing regulatory networks in Streptomyces coelicolor we have designed a mammalian regulation system inducible by the non-toxic butyrolactone SCB1. Fusion of the S. coelicolor SCB1 quorum-sensing receptor ScbR to the human Kox-1-derived transsilencing domain reconstituted a mammalian transsilencer (SCS) able to repress transcription from SCS-specific operator-containing promoters in a reverse SCB1-adjustable manner. RESULTS This quorum-sensing-derived mammalian transgene control system (Q-ON) enabled precise SCB1-specific fine-tuning of (i) desired transgene transcription in a variety of mammalian/human cell lines and human primary cells, (ii) small interfering RNA-mediated posttranscriptional knockdown (siRNA) in mammalian cells, and (iii) dosing of a human glycoprotein in mice. CONCLUSIONS As exemplified by Q-ON technology, bacterial quorum-sensing regulons may represent a near-infinite source for the design of mammalian gene control systems compatible with molecular interventions relevant to future gene therapy and tissue engineering scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Weber
- Institute of Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, ETH Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Ono E, Amagai K, Taharaguchi S, Tomioka Y, Yoshino S, Watanabe Y, Cherel P, Houdebine LM, Adam M, Eloit M, Inobe M, Uede T. Transgenic mice expressing a soluble form of porcine nectin-1/herpesvirus entry mediator C as a model for pseudorabies-resistant livestock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:16150-5. [PMID: 15534229 PMCID: PMC528950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0405816101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach to genetically engineered resistance to pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection was examined by using a transgene encoding a soluble form of nectin-1, also known as herpesvirus entry mediator C. Nectin-1 is an alpha-herpesvirus receptor that binds to virion glycoprotein D. Nectin-1 mediates entry of PRV, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and bovine herpesvirus type 1. To assess the antiviral potential of an ectopic expression of the nectin-1 ectodomain in vivo, six transgenic mouse lines expressing a soluble form of nectin-1, consisting of an extracellular domain of porcine nectin-1 and the Fc portion of human IgG1, were generated. All of the transgenic mouse lines showed nearly complete resistance to PRV infection by means of both i.p. and intranasal routes. These results suggest that the introduction into farm animals of a transgene encoding a soluble form of nectin-1 would offer a potent biological approach to generating alpha-herpesvirus-resistant livestock.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/chemistry
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Herpesviridae/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Biological
- Nectins
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Pseudorabies/immunology
- Pseudorabies/prevention & control
- Pseudorabies/virology
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Solubility
- Sus scrofa
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuro Ono
- Laboratory of Animal Experiment for Disease Model, Research Section of Molecular Pathogenesis, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan.
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14
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Brooks SP, Pask T, Jones L, Dunnett SB. Behavioural profiles of inbred mouse strains used as transgenic backgrounds. I: motor tests. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2004; 3:206-15. [PMID: 15248866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2004.00072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristic manifestations in several neurodegenarative diseases is the loss of voluntary motor control and the development of involuntary movements. In order to determine the suitability of six mouse strains as transgenic background strains we investigated performance on a variety of tasks designed to identify subtle changes in motor control. On both the accelerating and the staggered speed rotarod all six mouse strains performed well. However, latency to fall from the rod was sensitive to both rotarod speed and repeated exposure to the apparatus. Performance of the DBA/2 mouse strain was highly variable across the time points used. On the acoustic startle test CBA mice showed the greatest degree of reactivity to the acoustic startle stimuli with both the C57 and DBA showing the least. Complex strain differences were also identified on measures of habituation to the startle stimuli and variations in the prepulse noise level, and prepulse/startle delay. Gait analysis using the footprint test did not reveal strain differences on measures of base width, overlap or stride length but the 129S2/Sv strain took significantly longer to traverse the runway than the other mouse strains. Finally, the swim tank test detected complex strain differences in swim speed, and the number of fore- and hindpaw paddles required to swim the length of the tank. These data taken together suggest that choice of background strain is a crucial consideration for the repeated behavioural assessment of motor deficits in transgenic mouse models of disease.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Arousal/physiology
- Gait/genetics
- Gait/physiology
- Genetic Engineering
- Habituation, Psychophysiologic/genetics
- Habituation, Psychophysiologic/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Animal
- Neural Inhibition/genetics
- Neural Inhibition/physiology
- Psychomotor Performance/physiology
- Reaction Time
- Reflex, Startle/genetics
- Reflex, Startle/physiology
- Rotarod Performance Test
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Brooks
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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